201
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Roeinfard M, Zahedifar M, Darroudi M, Khorsand Zak A, Sadeghi E. Preparation and characterization of selenium‐decorated graphene quantum dots with high afterglow for application in photodynamic therapy. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 35:891-896. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Roeinfard
- Institute of Nanoscience and NanotechnologyUniversity of Kashan Kashan I.R Iran
| | - M. Zahedifar
- Physics DepartmentUniversity of Kashan Kashan I.R. Iran
- Institute of Nanoscience and NanotechnologyUniversity of Kashan Kashan I.R Iran
| | - M. Darroudi
- Modern Science and Technology DepartmentUniversity of Medical Sciences Mashhad I.R. Iran
- Nuclear Medicine Research CenterUniversity of Medical Sciences Mashhad I.R. Iran
| | - A. Khorsand Zak
- Nanotechnology LaboratoryEsfarayen University of Technology Esfarayen I.R. Iran
| | - E. Sadeghi
- Physics DepartmentUniversity of Kashan Kashan I.R. Iran
- Institute of Nanoscience and NanotechnologyUniversity of Kashan Kashan I.R Iran
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202
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Quintana C, Cifuentes MP, Humphrey MG. Transition metal complex/gold nanoparticle hybrid materials. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2316-2341. [PMID: 32149284 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00651f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are of considerable interest for diverse applications in areas such as medicine, catalysis, and sensing. AuNPs are generally surface-stabilized by organic matrices and coatings, and while the resultant organic compound (OC)/AuNP hybrids have been explored extensively, they are not suitable for certain applications (e.g. those necessitating reversible redox behaviour and/or long excited-state lifetimes), and they often suffer from low photo- and/or thermal stability. Transition metal complex (TMC)/AuNP hybrids have recently come to the fore as they circumvent some of the aforementioned shortcomings with OC/AuNP hybrids. This review summarizes progress thus far in the nascent field of TMC/AuNP hybrids. The structure and composition of extant TMC/AuNP hybrids are briefly reviewed and the range of TMCs employed in the shell of the hybrids are summarized, the one-phase, two-phase, and post-nanoparticle-synthesis synthetic methods to TMC/AuNP hybrids are discussed and contrasted, highlighting the advantages of variants of the last-mentioned procedure, and the utility of the various characterization techniques is discussed, emphasizing the need to employ multiple techniques in concert. Applications of TMC/AuNP hybrids in luminescence, electrochemical, and electro-optical sensing are described and critiqued, and their uses and potential in imaging, photo-dynamic therapy, nonlinear optics, and catalysis are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Quintana
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
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203
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Gonçalves PJ, Bezzerra FC, Teles AV, Menezes LB, Alves KM, Alonso L, Alonso A, Andrade MA, Borissevitch IE, Souza GR, Iglesias BA. Photoinactivation of Salmonella enterica (serovar Typhimurium) by tetra-cationic porphyrins containing peripheral [Ru(bpy)2Cl]+ units. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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204
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Hu D, Pan M, Yu Y, Sun A, Shi K, Qu Y, Qian Z. Application of nanotechnology for enhancing photodynamic therapy via ameliorating, neglecting, or exploiting tumor hypoxia. VIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/viw2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- DanRong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Meng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Ao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Kun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Hematology and Research Laboratory of HematologyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - ZhiYong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
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205
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Wierzchowski M, Sobotta L, Łażewski D, Kasprzycki P, Fita P, Goslinski T. Spectroscopic and quantum chemical study of phthalocyanines with 1,4,7-trioxanonyl moieties. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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206
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Raza A, Archer SA, Fairbanks SD, Smitten KL, Botchway SW, Thomas JA, MacNeil S, Haycock JW. A Dinuclear Ruthenium(II) Complex Excited by Near-Infrared Light through Two-Photon Absorption Induces Phototoxicity Deep within Hypoxic Regions of Melanoma Cancer Spheroids. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4639-4647. [PMID: 32065521 PMCID: PMC7146853 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
dinuclear photo-oxidizing RuII complex [{Ru(TAP2)}2(tpphz)]4+ (TAP = 1,4,5,8- tetraazaphenanthrene,
tpphz = tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c:3″,2′′-h:2‴,3′′′-j]phenazine), 14+, is readily
taken up by live cells localizing in mitochondria and nuclei. In this
study, the two-photon absorption cross section of 14+ is quantified and its use as a two-photon absorbing phototherapeutic
is reported. It was confirmed that the complex is readily photoexcited
using near-infrared, NIR, and light through two-photon absorption,
TPA. In 2-D cell cultures, irradiation with NIR light at low power
results in precisely focused phototoxicity effects in which human
melanoma cells were killed after 5 min of light exposure. Similar
experiments were then carried out in human cancer spheroids that provide
a realistic tumor model for the development of therapeutics and phototherapeutics.
Using the characteristic emission of the complex as a probe, its uptake
into 280 μm spheroids was investigated and confirmed that the
spheroid takes up the complex. Notably TPA excitation results in more
intense luminescence being observed throughout the depth of the spheroids,
although emission intensity still drops off toward the necrotic core.
As 14+ can directly photo-oxidize DNA without
the mediation of singlet oxygen or other reactive oxygen species,
phototoxicity within the deeper, hypoxic layers of the spheroids was
also investigated. To quantify the penetration of these phototoxic
effects, 14+ was photoexcited through TPA
at a power of 60 mW, which was progressively focused in 10 μm
steps throughout the entire z-axis of individual
spheroids. These experiments revealed that, in irradiated spheroids
treated with 14+, acute and rapid photoinduced
cell death was observed throughout their depth, including the hypoxic
region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahtasham Raza
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Stuart A Archer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Simon D Fairbanks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Kirsty L Smitten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - James A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - John W Haycock
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
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207
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Liu Z, Li T, Han F, Wang Y, Gan Y, Shi J, Wang T, Akhtar ML, Li Y. A cascade-reaction enabled synergistic cancer starvation/ROS-mediated/chemo-therapy with an enzyme modified Fe-based MOF. Biomater Sci 2020; 7:3683-3692. [PMID: 31361291 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00641a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Synergistic cancer starvation/ROS-mediated/chemo-therapy is developed through a cascade reaction with enzyme glucose oxidase (GOX) modified on the surface of an Fe-based metal organic framework (MOF(Fe)) and drug camptothecin (CPT) loaded into the cavities of MOF(Fe). Once internalized by tumor cells, GOX catalyzes endogenous glucose into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and gluconic acid (H+) enabling starvation therapy through choking off energy (glucose) supply. Meanwhile, the acidic micro-environment of tumor enhanced by the generated H+ degrades the MOF(Fe) simultaneously releasing CPT for chemotherapy and Fe3+, catalyzing H2O2 into one of the strongest reactive oxygen species (ROS) ˙OH enabling ROS-mediated therapy. Both in vitro and in vivo results show remarkable tri-modal synergistic anticancer effects. This work may shed some light on the development of novel multi-modal cancer therapies without any external intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjun Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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208
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Tang Q, Hu P, Peng H, Zhang N, Zheng Q, He Y. Near-Infrared Laser-Triggered, Self-Immolative Smart Polymersomes for in vivo Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:137-149. [PMID: 32021170 PMCID: PMC6964533 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s224502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Traditional chemotherapy is accompanied by significant side effects, which, in many aspects, limits its treatment efficacy and clinical applications. Herein, we report an oxidative responsive polymersome nanosystem mediated by near infrared (NIR) light which exhibited the combination effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemotherapy. Methods In our study, poly (propylene sulfide)20-bl-poly (ethylene glycol)12 (PPS20-b-PEG12) block copolymer was synthesized and employed to prepare the polymersome. The hydrophobic photosensitizer zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) was loaded in the shell and the hydrophilic doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX·HCl) in the inner aqueous space of the polymersome. Results Under the irradiation of 660 nm NIR light, singlet oxygen 1O2 molecules were generated from ZnPc to oxidize the neighbouring sulfur atoms on the PPS block which eventually ruptured the intact structure of polymersomes, leading to the release of encapsulated DOX·HCl. The released DOX and the 1O2 could achieve a combination effect for cancer therapy if the laser activation and drug release occur at the tumoral sites. In vitro studies confirmed the generation of singlet oxygen and DOX release by NIR irradiation. In vivo studies showed that such a combined PDT-chemotherapy nanosystem could accumulate in A375 tumors efficiently, thus leading to significant inhibition on tumor growth as compared to PDT (PZ group) or chemotherapy alone (DOX group). Conclusion In summary, this oxidation-sensitive nanosystem showed excellent anti-tumor effects by synergistic chemophotodynamic therapy, indicating that this novel drug delivery strategy could potentially provide a new means for cancer treatments in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
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209
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Tang WZ, Cui ZJ. Permanent Photodynamic Activation of the Cholecystokinin 2 Receptor. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020236. [PMID: 32033232 PMCID: PMC7072308 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cholecystokinin 2 receptor (CCK2R) is expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, playing an important role in higher nervous and gastrointestinal functions, pain sensation, and cancer growth. CCK2R is reversibly activated by cholecystokinin or gastrin, but whether it can be activated permanently is not known. In this work, we found that CCK2R expressed ectopically in CHO-K1 cells was permanently activated in the dark by sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (SALPC / AlPcS4, 10-1,000 nM), as monitored by Fura-2 fluorescent calcium imaging. Permanent CCK2R activation was also observed with AlPcS2, but not PcS4. CCK2R previously exposed to SALPC (3 and 10 nM) was sensitized by subsequent light irradiation (> 580 nm, 31.5 mW·cm-2). After the genetically encoded protein photosensitizer mini singlet oxygen generator (miniSOG) was fused to the N-terminus of CCK2R and expressed in CHO-K1 cells, light irradiation (450 nm, 85 mW·cm-2) activated in-frame CCK2R (miniSOG-CCK2R), permanently triggering persistent calcium oscillations blocked by the CCK2R antagonist YM 022 (30 nM). From these data, it is concluded that SALPC is a long-lasting CCK2R agonist in the dark, and CCK2R is photogenetically activated permanently with miniSOG as photosensitizer. These properties of SALPC and CCK2R could be used to study CCK2R physiology and possibly for pain and cancer therapies.
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210
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Singh S, Aggarwal A, Bhupathiraju NDK, Jovanovic IR, Landress M, Tuz MP, Gao R, Drain CM. Comparing a thioglycosylated chlorin and phthalocyanine as potential theranostic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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211
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Cramer SW, Chen CC. Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Front Surg 2020; 6:81. [PMID: 32039232 PMCID: PMC6985206 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2019.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common form of adult brain cancer and remains one of the deadliest of human cancers. The current standard-of-care involves maximal tumor resection followed by treatment with concurrent radiation therapy and the chemotherapy temozolomide. Recurrence after this therapy is nearly universal within 2 years of diagnosis. Notably, >80% of recurrence is found in the region adjacent to the resection cavity. The need for improved local control in this region, thus remains unmet. The FDA approval of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) for fluorescence guided glioblastoma resection renewed interests in leveraging this agent as a means to administer photodynamic therapy (PDT). Here we review the general principles of PDT as well as the available literature on PDT as a glioblastoma therapeutic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Cramer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Clark C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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212
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Analysis of Antitumor Activity of the Liposomal Photosensitizer Lipophthalocyan. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 168:361-365. [PMID: 31938919 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We studied specific antitumor activity of a liposomal drug based on tetra-3-phenylthiophthalocyanine aluminum hydroxide (lipophthalocyan) intended for photodynamic therapy. The optimal dose and protocol for photodynamic therapy with lipophthalocyan were chosen in experiments on mice: single intravenous dose of 6 mg/kg with a 5-h interval between administration and laser exposure and irradiation energy density of 400 J/cm2. A wide spectrum antitumor activity of lipophthalocyan was demonstrated in vivo for various transplantable mouse tumors (Lewis lung epidermoid carcinoma, S37 sarcoma, and colon adenocarcinoma AKATOL). The results show the possibility of using lipophthalocyan for photodynamic therapy of tumors of surface localization (skin and mucosa tumors).
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213
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Wang J, Potocny AM, Rosenthal J, Day ES. Gold Nanoshell-Linear Tetrapyrrole Conjugates for Near Infrared-Activated Dual Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapies. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:926-940. [PMID: 31956847 PMCID: PMC6964518 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment in which photoactive compounds delivered to cancerous tissues are excited with light and then transfer the absorbed energy to adjacent tissue oxygen molecules to generate toxic singlet oxygen (1O2). As 1O2 is produced only where light and photosensitizers (PSs) are combined, PDT holds promise as a minimally invasive, highly selective treatment for certain cancers. The practical application of PDT requires easily synthesized, water-soluble PSs that have low dark toxicities, high 1O2 quantum yields, and efficient absorption of 650-850 nm near-infrared (NIR) light, which deeply penetrates tissue. We recently developed a linear tetrapyrrole metal complex, Pd[DMBil1]-PEG750, that meets most of these criteria. This complex is remarkably effective as a PS for PDT against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells but, critically, it does not absorb NIR light, which is necessary to treat deeper tumors. To enable NIR activation, we synthesized a new derivative, Pd[DMBil1]-PEG5000-SH, which bears a thiol functionality that facilitates conjugation to NIR-absorbing gold nanoshells (NSs). Upon excitation with pulsed 800 nm light, NSs emit two-photon-induced photoluminescence spanning 500-700 nm, which can sensitize the attached PSs to initiate PDT. Additionally, NSs produce heat upon 800 nm irradiation, endowing the NS-PS conjugates with an auxiliary photothermal therapeutic (PTT) capability. Here, we demonstrate that NS-PS conjugates are potent mediators of NIR-activated tandem PDT/PTT against TNBC cells in vitro. We show that Pd[DMBil1]-PEG5000-SH retains the photophysical properties of the parent Pd[DMBil1] complex, and that NS-PS generate 1O2 under pulsed 800 nm irradiation, confirming activation of the PSs by photoluminescence emitted from NSs. TNBC cells readily internalize NS PS conjugates, which generate reactive oxygen species in the cells upon pulsed NIR irradiation to damage DNA and induce apoptosis. Together, these findings demonstrate that exploiting photoluminescent NSs as carriers of efficient Pd[DMBil1] PSs is an effective strategy to enable NIR light-activated tandem PDT/PTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Wang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of
Material Science & Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Andrea M. Potocny
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of
Material Science & Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of
Material Science & Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- E-mail: (J.R.)
| | - Emily S. Day
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of
Material Science & Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Helen
F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
- E-mail: (E.S.D.)
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214
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Siwawannapong K, Zhang R, Lei H, Jin Q, Tang W, Dong Z, Lai RY, Liu Z, Kamkaew A, Cheng L. Ultra -small Pyropheophorbide -a Nanodots for Near -infrared Fluorescence/Photoacoustic Imaging-guided Photodynamic Therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:62-73. [PMID: 31903106 PMCID: PMC6929619 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Nanoparticles (NPs) that are rapidly eliminated from the body offer great potential in clinical test. Renal excretion of small particles is preferable over other clearance pathways to minimize potential toxicity. Thus, there is a significant demand to prepare ultra-small theranostic agents with renal clearance behaviors. Method: In this work, we report a facile method to prepare NPs with ultra-small size that show renal clearable behavior for imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT). Pyropheophorbide-a (Pa), a deep red photosensitizer was functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to obtain Pa-PEG. The prepared NPs formed ultra-small nanodots in aqueous solution and showed red-shifted absorbance that enabling efficient singlet oxygen generation upon light irradiation. Results: In vitro studies revealed good photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect of these Pa-PEG nanodots. Most of the cancer cells incubated with Pa-PEG nanodots were destroyed after being exposed to the irradiated light. Utilizing the optical properties of such Pa-PEG nanodots, in vivo photoacoustic (PA) and fluorescence (FL) imaging techniques were used to assess the optimal time for PDT treatment after intravenous (i.v.) injection of the nanodots. As monitored by the PA/FL dual-modal imaging, the nanodots could accumulate at the tumor site and reach the maximum concentration at 8 h post injection. Finally, the tumors on mice treated with Pa-PEG nanodots were effectively inhibited by PDT treatment. Moreover, Pa-PEG nanodots showed high PA/FL signals in kidneys implying these ultra-small nanodots could be excreted out of the body via renal clearance. Conclusion: We demonstrated the excellent properties of Pa-PEG nanodots that can be an in vivo imaging-guided PDT agent with renal clearable behavior for potential future clinical translation.
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215
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Alejandro VC, Mónica FP, Xelha AP, Mario R, Gabriel RO, Norberto F, Eva RG. Brominated BODIPYs as potential photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy using a low irradiance excitation. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.114207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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216
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Almeida AM, Oliveira ON, Aoki PHB. Role of Toluidine Blue-O Binding Mechanism for Photooxidation in Bioinspired Bacterial Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:16745-16751. [PMID: 31746210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The alarming increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics has demanded new strategies for microbial inactivation, which include photodynamic therapy whose activity relies on the photoreaction damage to the microorganism membrane. Herein, the binding mechanisms of the photosensitizer toluidine blue-O (TBO) on simplified models of bacterial membrane with Langmuir monolayers of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DOPG) were correlated to the effects of the photoinduced lipid oxidation. Langmuir monolayers of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) were also used as a reference of mammalian membranes. The surface pressure isotherms combined with polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy revealed that TBO expands DOPC, DOPE, and DOPG monolayers owing to electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged groups in the phospholipids, with a stronger adsorption on DOPG, which has a net surface charge. Light irradiation made the TBO-containing DOPC and DOPE monolayers less unstable as a result of the singlet oxygen (1O2) reaction with the chain unsaturation and hydroperoxide formation. In contrast, the decreased stability of the irradiated TBO-containing DOPG monolayer suggests the cleavage of carbon chains. The anionic nature of DOPG allowed a deeper penetration of TBO into the chain region, favoring contact-dependent reactions between the excited triplet state of TBO and lipid unsaturations or/and hydroperoxide groups, which is the key for the cleavage reactions and further membrane permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre M Almeida
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) , School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages , Assis , SP , 19806-900 , Brazil
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- IFSC , São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP) , São Carlos , SP 13566-590 , Brazil
| | - Pedro H B Aoki
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) , School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages , Assis , SP , 19806-900 , Brazil
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217
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Li X, Feng X, Sun C, Liu Y, Zhao Q, Wang S. Mesoporous carbon‑manganese nanocomposite for multiple imaging guided oxygen-elevated synergetic therapy. J Control Release 2019; 319:104-118. [PMID: 31881317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite of the extensive application of photodynamic therapy (PDT)nowadays, several restrictions have emerged such as hydrophobility, undesired phototoxicity and low selectivity of photosensitizer as well as the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. To address these challenges, a multifunctional mesoporous carbon‑manganese nanocomposite (MC-MnO2) is developed to load Chlorin e6 (Ce6) with a high loading capacity. The MC-MnO2 can prevent Ce6 from being activated by the sunlight to reduce unintentional phototoxicity significantly and realize the hypoxia relief via reacting with the H2O2 overexpressed in tumor tissue, meanwhile, the reduced product Mn2+ ion could act as a T1/T2-weighted MRI contrast. Based on the broad absorption of MC-MnO2 within the range of NIR, the nanoparticle has the potential for serving as a photothermal agent and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) agent. The PEG and iRGD are further decorated on MC-MnO2 (iPMC-MnO2) to improve the biocompatibility, targeting and penetration of the nanoparticle. Taking full advantage of the good photothermal effect of iPMC-MnO2, the photothermal therapy (PTT) and enhanced PDT are subtly integrated into one system, developing an intelligent multimodal diagnostic and therapeutic nanoplatform and realizing our "one nanoparticle fits all" dream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Feng
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Changshan Sun
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Qinfu Zhao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China.
| | - Siling Wang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China.
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218
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Manali ÍF, Rodrigues LCV, Braga AH, Galante D, Teixeira VC. Structural and optical properties of europium- and titanium-doped Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles. LUMINESCENCE 2019; 35:456-465. [PMID: 31851421 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent nanoparticles of Y2 O3 doped with europium (Eu) and/or titanium (Ti) were synthesized using modified sol-gel routes. The crystalline cubic phase was confirmed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Particle morphology and size were evaluated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed that the synthesis method affected the average particle size and the Fourier transform of the images showed the lattice plane distances, indicating that the samples presented high crystallinity degree in accordance with the XRD pattern. The Ti valence was investigated using X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy and the tetravalent form was the dominant oxidizing state in the samples, mainly in Eu and Ti co-doped Y2 O3 . Optical behaviour was investigated through X-ray excited optical luminescence and photoluminescence under ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) excitation. Results indicated that Eu3+ is the emitting centre in samples doped with only Eu and with both Eu and Ti with the 5 D0 →7 F2 transition as the most intense, indicating Eu3+ in a noncentrosymmetric site. Finally, in the Eu,Ti-doped Y2 O3 system, Ti3+ (or TiIV ) excitation was observed but no Ti emission was present, indicating a very efficient energy transfer process from Ti to Eu3+ . These results can aid the development of efficient nanomaterials, activated using UV, VUV, or X-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ísis F Manali
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas-SP, 13083-100, Brazil.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas-SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Lucas C V Rodrigues
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Adriano H Braga
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Douglas Galante
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas-SP, 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Verônica C Teixeira
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas-SP, 13083-100, Brazil
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219
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Otvagin VF, Kuzmina NS, Krylova LV, Volovetsky AB, Nyuchev AV, Gavryushin AE, Meshkov IN, Gorbunova YG, Romanenko YV, Koifman OI, Balalaeva IV, Fedorov AY. Water-Soluble Chlorin/Arylaminoquinazoline Conjugate for Photodynamic and Targeted Therapy. J Med Chem 2019; 62:11182-11193. [PMID: 31782925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A new water-soluble conjugate, consisting of a chlorin-e6 photosensitizer part, a 4-arylaminoquinazoline moiety with affinity to epidermal growth factor receptors, and a hydrophilic β-d-maltose fragment, was synthesized starting from methylpheophorbide-a in seven steps. The prepared conjugate exhibited low levels of dark cytotoxicity and pronounced photoinduced cytotoxicity at submicromolar concentrations in vitro, with an IC50(dark)/IC50(light) ratio of ∼368 and a singlet oxygen quantum yield of about 20%. In tumor-bearing Balb/c nude mice, conjugate 1 preferentially accumulates in the tumor tissue. Irradiation of the nude mice bearing A431 xenograft tumors after intravenous administration of the prepared conjugate with a relatively low light dose (50 J/cm2) produced an excellent therapeutic effect with profound tumor regression and low systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilii F Otvagin
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod , Gagarina Avenue 23 , Nizhny Novgorod 603950 , Russia
| | - Natalia S Kuzmina
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod , Gagarina Avenue 23 , Nizhny Novgorod 603950 , Russia
| | - Lubov V Krylova
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod , Gagarina Avenue 23 , Nizhny Novgorod 603950 , Russia
| | - Arthur B Volovetsky
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod , Gagarina Avenue 23 , Nizhny Novgorod 603950 , Russia
| | - Alexander V Nyuchev
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod , Gagarina Avenue 23 , Nizhny Novgorod 603950 , Russia
| | | | - Ivan N Meshkov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky pr. 31-4 , Moscow 119071 , Russia
| | - Yulia G Gorbunova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky pr. 31-4 , Moscow 119071 , Russia.,Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky pr. 31 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Yuliya V Romanenko
- Research Institute of Macroheterocycles , Ivanovo State University of Chemical Technology , 153000 Ivanovo , Russia
| | - Oscar I Koifman
- Research Institute of Macroheterocycles , Ivanovo State University of Chemical Technology , 153000 Ivanovo , Russia
| | - Irina V Balalaeva
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod , Gagarina Avenue 23 , Nizhny Novgorod 603950 , Russia
| | - Alexey Yu Fedorov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod , Gagarina Avenue 23 , Nizhny Novgorod 603950 , Russia
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220
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He X, Situ B, Gao M, Guan S, He B, Ge X, Li S, Tao M, Zou H, Tang BZ, Zheng L. Stereotactic Photodynamic Therapy Using a Two-Photon AIE Photosensitizer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1905080. [PMID: 31721436 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon photodynamic therapy (TP-PDT) is emerging as a powerful strategy for stereotactic targeting of diseased areas, but ideal photosensitizers (PSs) are currently lacking. This work reports a smart PS with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature, namely DPASP, for TP-PDT with excellent performances. DPASP exhibits high affinity to mitochondria, superior photostability, large two-photon absorption cross section as well as efficient reactive oxygen species generation, enabling it to achieve photosensitization both in vitro and in vivo under two-photon excitation. Moreover, its capability of stereotactic ablation of targeted cells with high-precision is also successfully demonstrated. All these merits make DPASP a promising TP-PDT candidate for accurate ablation of abnormal tissues with minimal damages to surrounding areas in the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bo Situ
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Meng Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shujuan Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bairong He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaoxue Ge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shiwu Li
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Maliang Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hang Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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221
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Marazzi M, Gattuso H, Giussani A, Zhang H, Navarrete-Miguel M, Chipot C, Cai W, Roca-Sanjuán D, Dehez F, Monari A. Induced Night Vision by Singlet-Oxygen-Mediated Activation of Rhodopsin. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7133-7140. [PMID: 31652065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In humans, vision is limited to a small fraction of the whole electromagnetic spectrum. One possible strategy for enhancing vision in deep-red or poor-light conditions consists of recruiting chlorophyll derivatives in the rod photoreceptor cells of the eye, as suggested in the case of some deep-sea fish. Here, we employ all-atom molecular simulations and high-level quantum chemistry calculations to rationalize how chlorin e6 (Ce6), widely used in photodynamic therapy although accompanied by enhanced visual sensitivity, mediates vision in the dark, shining light on a fascinating but largely unknown molecular mechanism. First, we identify persistent interaction sites between Ce6 and the extracellular loops of rhodopsin, the transmembrane photoreceptor protein responsible for the first steps in vision. Triggered by Ce6 deep-red light absorption, the retinal within rhodopsin can be isomerized thus starting the visual phototransduction cascade. Our data largely exclude previously hypothesized energy-transfer mechanisms while clearly lending credence to a retinal isomerization indirectly triggered by singlet oxygen, proposing an alternative mechanism to rationalize photosensitizer-mediated night vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Marazzi
- LPCT , UMR 7019, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra , Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33,600 , E-28805 Alcalá de Henares ( Madrid ), Spain
- Chemical Research Institute "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR) , Universidad de Alcalá , E-28871 Alcalá de Henares ( Madrid ), Spain
| | - Hugo Gattuso
- LPCT , UMR 7019, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
| | - Angelo Giussani
- Institut de Ciència Molecular , Universitat de València , P.O. Box 22085 València , Spain
| | - Hong Zhang
- LPCT , UMR 7019, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | | | - Christophe Chipot
- LPCT , UMR 7019, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
- Laboratoire International Associé CNRS and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
- Department of Physics , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1110 West Green Street , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Wensheng Cai
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Institut de Ciència Molecular , Universitat de València , P.O. Box 22085 València , Spain
| | - François Dehez
- LPCT , UMR 7019, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
- Laboratoire International Associé CNRS and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
| | - Antonio Monari
- LPCT , UMR 7019, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
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222
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Chowdhury M, Sarkar S, Das PK. Photosensitizer Tailored Surface Functionalized Carbon Dots for Visible Light Induced Targeted Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4953-4965. [PMID: 35021495 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a photosensitizer (riboflavin) tailored surface functionalized carbon dot (RCD1s) was designed to utilize it in visible light induced targeted cancer therapy. At first, phenylboronic acid appended biotinylated blue emitting carbon dot (CD1s) was synthesized. Riboflavin having "diol" moiety was covalently linked with this CD1s to prepare RCD1s by using complementary boronate-diol linkage. Lewis acid-base interaction facilitated the covalent linkage formation between the surface functionalizing agent of CD1s and riboflavin to develop water-soluble, green emitting RCD1s. Interestingly, this newly synthesized RCD1s has the ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl and superoxide radicals under exposure of visible light (wavelength: 460-490 nm). These ROS also can destroy the structure of DNA by oxidative pathway. Thus, under irradiation of visible light (wavelength: 460-490 nm), RCD1s was found to kill HeLa and B16F10 melanoma cells over noncancer cell NIH3T3 by ∼5-fold higher efficacy through ROS induced oxidative DNA damage. The presence of biotin on the surface of the riboflavin tethered carbon dot is essential for the selective killing of cancer cells over normal cells. In the presence of UV light (340-420 nm), RCD1s showed no notable killing of cancer cells as well as normal cells. Besides, RCD1s in the presence of visible light selectively stained HeLa and B16F10 cells over noncancerous cell NIH3T3 by exploiting its fluorescence and cancer cell targeting moiety, biotin. Hence, the newly developed RCD1s can be utilized in theranostic applications including bioimaging and selective killing of cancer cells in the presence of visible light (460-490 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Chowdhury
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Saheli Sarkar
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Das
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
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223
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Liu H, Jiang W, Wang Q, Xia J, Yu W, Wang Y, Wang Y. Microenvironment-activated nanoparticles for oxygen self-supplemented photodynamic cancer therapy. Biomater Sci 2019; 8:370-378. [PMID: 31728482 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01537j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia, as a hallmark of most solid tumors, poses a serious impediment to O2-dependent anticancer therapies, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT). Although utilizing nanocarriers to load and transport O2 to tumor tissues has been proved effective, the therapeutic outcomes have been impeded by the low O2 capacity and limited tumor penetration of the nanocarriers. To address these problems, we incorporated perfluorooctyl moieties into nanocarriers to improve the encapsulation of perfluorooctyl bromide via fluorophilic interactions, leading to elevated O2 capacity of the nanocarriers. Meanwhile, to enhance the tumor cell penetrating ability as well as reduce reticuloendothelial system recognition, the nanocarrier was further decorated with a cell-penetrating peptide, which was masked with a protecting group via an acid-labile amide bond for prolonged circulation time and acid-activated cell penetration. The in vitro study demonstrated that, apart from remarkably boosting the photocytoxicity of chlorin 6 (Ce6) at a low dosage, the rationally designed O2@DANPCe6+PFOB could even alleviate the pre-existing tumor hypoxia. After intravenous injection, O2@DANPCe6+PFOB exhibited significant tumor accumulation and retention, and potent tumor growth inhibition compared to traditional PDT. Overall, the O2@DANPCe6+PFOB mediated O2 self-supplemented PDT with tumor acidic microenviornment-activated cell penetration provides a promising strategy in anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China.
| | - Qin Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China.
| | - Jinxing Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Wenhao Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Yucai Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China.
| | - Yanmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
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224
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Bhattacharya S, Biswas C, Raavi SSK, Venkata Suman Krishna J, Koteshwar D, Giribabu L, Venugopal Rao S. Optoelectronic, femtosecond nonlinear optical properties and excited state dynamics of a triphenyl imidazole induced phthalocyanine derivative. RSC Adv 2019; 9:36726-36741. [PMID: 35539038 PMCID: PMC9075118 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07758h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel zinc phthalocyanine derivative [2(3), 9(10), 16(17), 23(24) tetrakis-4-((4-(1,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)ethynyl)phthalocyanine zinc(ii) (PBIPC)] was synthesized by incorporating a triphenyl imidazole moiety at its peripheral positions. The detailed mechanisms of absorption, emission, electrochemical, nonlinear optical (NLO) and photophysical (excited state dynamics) properties of PBIPC were explored. The absorption and emission properties of the compound were studied in different solvents. The incorporation of a triphenyl imidazole moiety at the peripheral position of the zinc phthalocyanine slightly broadened the Soret band. The emission studies revealed fluorescence quantum yields to be in the range of 0.11-0.22. The time-resolved fluorescence data established the radiative lifetimes to be in the nanosecond range. The oxidation and reduction processes were found to be ring centered, which were studied using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. The energy optimized structures and HOMO-LUMO levels were calculated using DFT, TD-DFT analysis and were employed by means of hybrid functional theory (B3LYP) at 6-31G (d,p) basis set in the Gaussian 09 package. Two-photon absorption was observed in the NLO studies performed in the visible wavelength range of 600-800 nm while the nonlinear absorption was dominated by three- and four-photon absorption processes in the NIR wavelength range (1.0-1.5 μm). The molecule exhibited self-focusing behavior for all the wavelengths. Finally, the excited state dynamics of the title molecule PBIPC were investigated using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and the results obtained were understood on the basis of a simple three kinetic model, for excitation wavelengths of 400 nm (Soret band) and 650 nm (Q-band). Both the spectra demonstrated a broad positive transient absorption (TA) data which overlapped with the ground state bleach (GSB), which in turn displayed a red shift over a delay of ∼2 ns. The lifetimes revealed a possibility of intersystem crossing (τ > 1 ns) owing to the triplet state transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somdatta Bhattacharya
- Advanced Center for Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad South Campus Hyderabad 500046 Telangana India
| | - Chinmoy Biswas
- Department of Physics, Ultrafast Photophysics and Photonics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi 502285 Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Sai Santosh Kumar Raavi
- Department of Physics, Ultrafast Photophysics and Photonics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi 502285 Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Jonnadula Venkata Suman Krishna
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 Telangana India
| | - Devulapally Koteshwar
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 Telangana India
| | - Lingamallu Giribabu
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 Telangana India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg New Delhi 110001 India
| | - Soma Venugopal Rao
- Advanced Center for Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad South Campus Hyderabad 500046 Telangana India
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225
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Bächle F, Siemens N, Ziegler T. Glycoconjugated Phthalocyanines as Photosensitizers for PDT – Overcoming Aggregation in Solution. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bächle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Nikolai Siemens
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology University of Greifswald Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 8 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Thomas Ziegler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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226
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Wang P, Sun S, Ma H, Sun S, Zhao D, Wang S, Liang X. Treating tumors with minimally invasive therapy: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 108:110198. [PMID: 31923997 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With high level of morbidity and mortality, tumor is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. Aiming to tackle tumor, researchers have developed a lot of strategies. Among these strategies, the minimally invasive therapy (MIT) is very promising, for its capability of targeting tumor cells and resulting in a small incision or no incisions. In this review, we will first illustrate some mechanisms and characteristics of tumor metastasis from the primary tumor to the secondary tumor foci. Then, we will briefly introduce the history, characteristics, and advantages of some of the MITs. Finally, emphasis will be, respectively, focused on an overview of the state-of-the-art of the HIFU-, PDT-, PTT-and SDT-based anti-tumor strategies on each stage of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Suhui Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Huide Ma
- Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, 017000, China
| | - Sujuan Sun
- Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, 017000, China
| | - Duo Zhao
- Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, 017000, China
| | - Shumin Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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227
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Antimalarial Drugs Enhance the Cytotoxicity of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Based Photodynamic Therapy against the Mammary Tumor Cells of Mice In Vitro. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213891. [PMID: 31671811 PMCID: PMC6866132 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin and its derivatives, including artesunate (ART) and artemether (ARM), exert anticancer effects in the micromolar range in drug and radiation-resistant cell lines. Artemisinin has been reported to sensitize cervical cancer cells to radiotherapy. In the present study, we determined whether ART and ARM could enhance the cytotoxicity of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) against the mammary tumor cells of mice. The corrected PpIX fluorescence intensities in the control, 5-ALA, 5-ALA + ART, and 5-ALA + ARM groups were 3.385 ± 3.730, 165.7 ± 33.45, 139.0 ± 52.77, and 165.4 ± 51.10 a.u., respectively. At light doses of 3 and 5 J/cm2, the viability of 5-ALA-PDT-treated cells significantly decreased with ART (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01) and ARM treatment (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01). Besides, the number of annexin V-FITC and ethidium homodimer III-positive cells was greater in the 5-ALA-PDT with ARM group than that in the other groups. N-acetylcysteine could not significantly inhibit the percentages of apoptotic cells or inviable cells induced by 5-ALA-PDT with ARM. These reactive oxygen species-independent mechanisms might enhance cytotoxicity in 5-ALA-PDT with ARM-treated tumor cells, suggesting that the use of 5-ALA-PDT with ARM could be a new strategy to enhance PDT cytotoxicity against tumor cells. However, as these results are only based on in vitro studies, further in vivo investigations are required.
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228
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Nascimento BO, Laranjo M, Pereira NAM, Dias-Ferreira J, Piñeiro M, Botelho MF, Pinho e Melo TMVD. Ring-Fused Diphenylchlorins as Potent Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy Applications: In Vitro Tumor Cell Biology and in Vivo Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane Studies. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:17244-17250. [PMID: 31656898 PMCID: PMC6811853 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ring-fused diphenylchlorins as potent low-dose photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of bladder carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma are described. All studied molecules were very active against HT1376 urinary bladder carcinoma and OE19 esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines, showing IC50 values below 50 nM. The in vivo evaluation of the more promising photosensitizer, using an OE19 tumor/chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model, showed a tumor weight regression of 33% with a single photodynamic therapy treatment with the photosensitizer dose as low as 37 ng/embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Biophysics Institute and Institute for Clinical and
Biomedical Research
(iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty
of Medicine and CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nelson A. M. Pereira
- CQC
and Department of Chemistry, University
of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Dias-Ferreira
- Biophysics Institute and Institute for Clinical and
Biomedical Research
(iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty
of Medicine and CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Piñeiro
- CQC
and Department of Chemistry, University
of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Biophysics Institute and Institute for Clinical and
Biomedical Research
(iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty
of Medicine and CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Ghosh S, Carter KA, Lovell JF. Liposomal formulations of photosensitizers. Biomaterials 2019; 218:119341. [PMID: 31336279 PMCID: PMC6663636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinical ablation modality to treat cancers and other diseases. PDT involves administration of a photosensitizer, followed by irradiation of target tissue with light. As many photosensitizers are small and hydrophobic, solubilization approaches and nanoscale delivery vehicles have been extensively explored. Liposomes and lipid-based formulations have been used for the past 30 years, and in some cases have been developed into well-defined commercial PDT products. This review provides an overview of common liposomal formulation strategies for photosensitizers for PDT and also photothermal therapy. Furthermore, research efforts have examined the impact of co-loading therapeutic cargo along with photosensitizers within liposomes. Additional recent approaches including imaging, overcoming hypoxia, upconversion and activatable liposomal formulations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Kevin A Carter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
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230
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Dong Z, Yang Z, Hao Y, Feng L. Fabrication of H 2O 2-driven nanoreactors for innovative cancer treatments. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:16164-16186. [PMID: 31453999 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04418c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increased production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a typical feature of cancerous cells. This feature is closely associated with elevated oxidative stress inside solid tumour microenvironments, which thus impairs either the growth of cancer cells or their sensitivity to many cancer therapeutics. To date, numerous innovative strategies that target tumour H2O2 have been designed for effective cancer treatment. More recently, with the rapid advancement of nanomedicine, several nanoreactors, which are highly efficient in converting endogenous H2O2 to more toxic reactive oxygen species, promoting in situ H2O2, or decomposing endogenous H2O2 to molecular oxygen for tumour hypoxia attenuation, have been designed and attempted for effective cancer treatment. This review focuses on the latest progress of such innovative H2O2-driven nanoreactor-mediated cancer treatments. Afterwards, future perspectives on the development of tumour H2O2-driven nanoreactor-mediated cancer treatments and their potential clinical translations will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Zhijuan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Yu Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Liangzhu Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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231
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Agostini A, Dal Farra MG, Paulsen H, Polimeno A, Orian L, Di Valentin M, Carbonera D. Similarity and Specificity of Chlorophyll b Triplet State in Comparison to Chlorophyll a as Revealed by EPR/ENDOR and DFT Calculations. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8232-8239. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b07912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Agostini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria Giulia Dal Farra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Harald Paulsen
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonino Polimeno
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Abstract
The photodynamic reaction involves the light-induced generation of an excited state in a photosensitizer molecule (PS), which then results in the formation of reactive oxygen species in the presence of oxygen, or a direct modification of a cellular molecule. Most PSs are porphyrinoids, which are highly lipophilic, and are administered usually in liposomes to facilitate their effective delivery to target cells. The currently available liposomal formulations are Visudyne® and Fospeg®. Novel PSs were developed and tested for their photodynamic activity against cancer cells. Several compounds were highly phototoxic to oral cancer cells both in free and liposome-encapsulated form, with nanomolar IC50 values. The lowest IC50s (7-13 nM) were obtained with a PS encapsulated in cationic liposomes.
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233
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BODIPYs in antitumoral and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: An integrating review. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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234
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Naidoo C, Kruger CA, Abrahamse H. Simultaneous Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173153. [PMID: 31470637 PMCID: PMC6749501 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma (MM) has a poor prognosis and is attributed to late diagnoses only when metastases has already occurred. Thus, early diagnosis is crucial to improve its overall treatment efficacy. The standard diagnostic tools for MM are incisional biopsies and/or fine needle aspiration biopsies, while standard treatments involve surgery, chemotherapy, or irradiation therapy. The combination of photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) utilizes a photosensitizer (PS) that, when excited by light of a low wavelength, can be used for fluorescent non-destructive diagnosis. However, when the same PS is activated at a higher wavelength of light, it can be cytotoxic and induce tumor destruction. This paper focuses on PS drugs that have been used for PDD as well as PDT treatment of MM. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for continued investigation into enhanced PS delivery via active biomarkers and passive nanoparticle systems. This should improve PS drug absorption in MM cells and increase effectiveness of combinative photodynamic methods for the enhanced diagnosis and treatment of MM can become a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channay Naidoo
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Cherie Ann Kruger
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
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235
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Zinc(II) phthalocyanines as photosensitizers for antitumor photodynamic therapy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 114:105575. [PMID: 31362060 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a highly specific and clinically approved method for cancer treatment in which a nontoxic drug known as photosensitizer (PS) is administered to a patient. After selective tumor irradiation, an almost complete eradication of the tumor can be reached as a consequence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which not only damage tumor cells, but also lead to tumor-associated vasculature occlusion and the induction of an immune response. Despite exhaustive investigation and encouraging results, zinc(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) have not been approved as PSs for clinical use yet. This review presents an overview on the physicochemical properties of ZnPcs and biological results obtained both in vitro and in more complex models, such as 3D cell cultures, chicken chorioallantoic membranes and tumor-bearing mice. Cell death pathways induced after PDT treatment with ZnPcs are discussed in each case. Finally, combined therapeutic strategies including ZnPcs and the currently available clinical trials are mentioned.
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236
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Calixto GMF, de Annunzio SR, Victorelli FD, Frade ML, Ferreira PS, Chorilli M, Fontana CR. Chitosan-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Optimization of Photodynamic Therapy: a Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:253. [PMID: 31309346 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDS) can be designed to enrich the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of several drugs. Many of the initial obstacles that impeded the clinical applications of conventional DDS have been overcome with nanotechnology-based DDS, especially those formed by chitosan (CS). CS is a linear polysaccharide obtained by the deacetylation of chitin, which has potential properties such as biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, biodegradability, non-toxicity, high bioavailability, simplicity of modification, aqueous solubility, and excellent chemical resistance. Furthermore, CS can prepare several DDS as films, gels, nanoparticles, and microparticles to improve delivery of drugs, such as photosensitizers (PS). Thus, CS-based DDS are broadly investigated for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer and fungal and bacterial diseases. In PDT, a PS is activated by light of a specific wavelength, which provokes selective damage to the target tissue and its surrounding vasculature, but most PS have low water solubility and cutaneous photosensitivity impairing the clinical use of PDT. Based on this, the application of nanotechnology using chitosan-based DDS in PDT may offer great possibilities in the treatment of diseases. Therefore, this review presents numerous applications of chitosan-based DDS in order to improve the PDT for cancer and fungal and bacterial diseases.
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237
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Liu B, Monro S, Li Z, Jabed MA, Ramirez D, Cameron CG, Colón K, Roque J, Kilina S, Tian J, McFarland SA, Sun W. A New Class of Homoleptic and Heteroleptic Bis(terpyridine) Iridium(III) Complexes with Strong Photodynamic Therapy Effects. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:2964-2977. [PMID: 31844844 PMCID: PMC6913535 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Six homo- or heteroleptic tricationic Ir(R1-tpy)(R2-tpy)3+ complexes (Ir1-Ir6, R1/R2 = Ph, 4'-N(CH3)2Ph, pyren-1-yl, or 4'-{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}Ph, tpy = 2,2';6',2"-terpyridine) were synthesized and tested for photodynamic therapy (PDT) effects. The ground- and excited-state characteristics of these complexes were studied systematically via spectroscopic methods and quantum chemistry calculations. All complexes possessed intraligand charge transfer (1ILCT) / metal-to-ligand charge transfer (1MLCT) dominated transition(s) in their low-energy absorption bands, which red-shifted with the increased electron-releasing strength of the R1/R2 substituent. Five of the complexes exhibited ligand-centered 3 π,π*/3ILCT/3MLCT emission. With a stronger electron-releasing R1/R2 substituent, the degree of charge transfer contribution increased, leading to a decrease of the emission quantum yield. When the 4'-N(CH3)2Ph substituent was introduced on both tpy ligands, the emission of Ir3 was completely quenched. Our study on the transient absorption of these complexes demonstrated that they all possessed broadband triplet excited-state absorption in the 400-800 nm region. Pyrenyl substitution of one or more tpy ligands, as in Ir4 and Ir5, increased the lifetimes of the lowest triplet excited state and the singlet oxygen (1O2) production efficiencies. Ir1-Ir5 were nontoxic toward SK-MEL-28 cells, with photocytotoxicities that varied from 0.18 to 153 µM. Among them, Ir4 had the highest 1O2 quantum yield (0.81) in cell-free conditions, showing the largest photocytotoxicity against SK-MEL-28 cells for Ir(III) PSs to date, and was the most efficient generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro. Ir4 possessed a very large phototherapeutic index (PI = dark EC50 / light EC50) of >1657, the largest reported for an Ir(III) complex photosensitizer upon broadband visible light (400-700 nm) activation. Ir4 also exhibited a very strong PDT effect toward MCF-7 breast cancer cells and its xenograft tumor model. Upon 450-nm light activation, Ir4 dramatically inhibited the xenograft tumor growth and exhibited negligible side effects upon PDT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108–6050, USA
| | - Susan Monro
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Zhike Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE), Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Mohammed A. Jabed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108–6050, USA
| | - Daniel Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108–6050, USA
| | - Colin G. Cameron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402–6170, USA
| | - Katsuya Colón
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402–6170, USA
| | - John Roque
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402–6170, USA
| | - Svetlana Kilina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108–6050, USA
| | - Jian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE), Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Sherri A. McFarland
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402–6170, USA
| | - Wenfang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108–6050, USA
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238
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Zhuang W, Yang L, Ma B, Kong Q, Li G, Wang Y, Tang BZ. Multifunctional Two-Photon AIE Luminogens for Highly Mitochondria-Specific Bioimaging and Efficient Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:20715-20724. [PMID: 31144501 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has drawn much attention as a noninvasive and safe cancer therapy method due to its fine controllability, good selectivity, low systemic toxicity, and minimal drug resistance in contrast to the conventional methods (for example, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery). However, some drawbacks still remain for the current organic photosensitizers such as low singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield, poor photostability, inability of absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region, short excitation wavelength, and limited action radius of singlet oxygen, which will strongly limit the PDT treatment efficiency. As a consequence, the development of efficient photosensitizers with high singlet oxygen quantum yield, strong fluorescent emission in the aggregated state, excellent photostability, NIR excitation wavelength ranging in the biological transparency window, and highly specific targeting to mitochondria is still in great demand for the enhancement of PDT treatment efficiency. In this study, two new two-photon AIEgens TPPM and TTPM based on a rigid D-π-A skeleton have been designed and synthesized. Both AIEgens TPPM and TTPM show strong aggregation-induced emission (AIE) with the emission enhancement up to 290-folds, large two-photon absorption with the two-photon absorption cross section up to 477 MG, and highly specific targeting to mitochondria in living cells with good biocompatibility. They can serve as two-photon bioprobes for the cell and deep tissue bioimaging with a penetration depth up to 150 μm. Furthermore, high 1O2 generation efficiency with high 1O2 quantum yield under white light irradiation has been found for both TPPM and TTPM and high PDT efficiency to HeLa cells under white light irradiation has also been proven. To the best of our knowledge, AIEgens in this work constitute one of the strongest emission enhancements and one of the highest 1O2 generation efficiencies in the reported organic AIEgens so far. The great AIE feature, large two-photon absorption, high specificity to mitochondria in living cells, and high PDT efficiency to living cells as well as excellent photostability and biocompatibility of these novel AIEgens TPPM and TTPM reveal great potential in clinical applications of two-photon cell and tissue bioimaging and image-guided and mitochondria-targeted photodynamic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhuang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Li Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Boxuan Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Qunshou Kong
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Gaocan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Division of Life Science , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
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239
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Krajczewski J, Rucińska K, Townley HE, Kudelski A. Role of various nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy and detection methods of singlet oxygen. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 26:162-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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240
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White BD, Duan C, Townley HE. Nanoparticle Activation Methods in Cancer Treatment. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E202. [PMID: 31137744 PMCID: PMC6572460 DOI: 10.3390/biom9050202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we intend to highlight the progress which has been made in recent years around different types of smart activation nanosystems for cancer treatment. Conventional treatment methods, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, suffer from a lack of specific targeting and consequent off-target effects. This has led to the development of smart nanosystems which can effect specific regional and temporal activation. In this review, we will discuss the different methodologies which have been designed to permit activation at the tumour site. These can be divided into mechanisms which take advantage of the differences between healthy cells and cancer cells to trigger activation, and those which activate by a mechanism extrinsic to the cell or tumour environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D White
- Department of Engineering Science, Oxford University, Parks Road, OX1 3PJ, Oxford, UK.
| | - Chengchen Duan
- Nuffield department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Oxford University John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Helen E Townley
- Department of Engineering Science, Oxford University, Parks Road, OX1 3PJ, Oxford, UK.
- Nuffield department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Oxford University John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
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241
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Qin Y, Chen LJ, Dong F, Jiang ST, Yin GQ, Li X, Tian Y, Yang HB. Light-Controlled Generation of Singlet Oxygen within a Discrete Dual-Stage Metallacycle for Cancer Therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8943-8950. [PMID: 31088049 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive control over the reversible generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) has found the practical significance in benefiting photodynamic therapy. In this study, we developed a new dual-stage metallacycle (M) by using a photosensitizer and photochromic switch as the functional building blocks, which enables the noninvasive "off-on" switching of 1O2 generation through the efficient intramolecular energy transfer. Due to the proximal placement of the functional entities within the well-defined metallacyclic scaffold, 1O2 generation in the ring-closed form state of the photochromic switch (C-M) is quenched by photoinduced energy transfer, whereas the generation of 1O2 in the ring-open form state (O-M) is activated upon light irradiation. More interestingly, the metallacycle-loaded nanoparticles with relatively high stability and water solubility were prepared, which allow for the delivery of metallacycles to cancer cells via endocytosis. Their theranostic potential has been systematically investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Under the light irradiation, the designed ring-open form nanoparticles (O-NPs) show remarkable higher cytotoxicity against cancer cells compared to the ring-closed form nanoparticles (C-NPs). In vivo experiments also revealed that tumors can be very efficiently eliminated by the designed nanoparticles under light irradiation with the ability to regulate in vivo generation of singlet oxygen. All these results demonstrated that the supramolecular coordination complexes with a dual-stage state provide a highly efficient nanoplatform for noninvasive control over the reversible generation of 1O2, thus allowing for their promising applications in tumor treatment and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062 , PR China
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062 , PR China
| | - Fangyuan Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062 , PR China
| | - Shu-Ting Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062 , PR China
| | - Guang-Qiang Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062 , PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Yang Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062 , PR China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062 , PR China
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242
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Lange C, Lehmann C, Mahler M, Bednarski PJ. Comparison of Cellular Death Pathways after mTHPC-mediated Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in Five Human Cancer Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050702. [PMID: 31117328 PMCID: PMC6587334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising photosensitizers (PS) used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the porphyrin derivative 5,10,15,20-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC, temoporfin), marketed in Europe under the trade name Foscan®. A set of five human cancer cell lines from head and neck and other PDT-relevant tissues was used to investigate oxidative stress and underlying cell death mechanisms of mTHPC-mediated PDT in vitro. Cells were treated with mTHPC in equitoxic concentrations and illuminated with light doses of 1.8-7.0 J/cm2 and harvested immediately, 6, 24, or 48 h post illumination for analyses. Our results confirm the induction of oxidative stress after mTHPC-based PDT by detecting a total loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and increased formation of ROS. However, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and loss of cell membrane integrity play only a minor role in cell death in most cell lines. Based on our results, apoptosis is the predominant death mechanism following mTHPC-mediated PDT. Autophagy can occur in parallel to apoptosis or the former can be dominant first, yet ultimately leading to autophagy-associated apoptosis. The death of the cells is in some cases accompanied by DNA fragmentation and a G2/M phase arrest. In general, the overall phototoxic effects and the concentrations as well as the time to establish these effects varies between cell lines, suggesting that the cancer cells are not all dying by one defined mechanism, but rather succumb to an individual interplay of different cell death mechanisms. Besides the evaluation of the underlying cell death mechanisms, we focused on the comparison of results in a set of five identically treated cell lines in this study. Although cells were treated under equitoxic conditions and PDT acts via a rather unspecific ROS formation, very heterogeneous results were obtained with different cell lines. This study shows that general conclusions after PDT in vitro require testing on several cell lines to be reliable, which has too often been ignored in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Lange
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Christiane Lehmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Martin Mahler
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Patrick J Bednarski
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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243
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Mu C, Wang J, Barraza KM, Zhang X, Beauchamp JL. Mass Spectrometric Study of Acoustically Levitated Droplets Illuminates Molecular‐Level Mechanism of Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer involving Lipid Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8082-8086. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, (Ministry of Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, (Ministry of Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Kevin M. Barraza
- Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics and the Beckman Institute California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, (Ministry of Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - J. L. Beauchamp
- Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics and the Beckman Institute California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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244
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Mu C, Wang J, Barraza KM, Zhang X, Beauchamp JL. Mass Spectrometric Study of Acoustically Levitated Droplets Illuminates Molecular‐Level Mechanism of Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer involving Lipid Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, (Ministry of Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, (Ministry of Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Kevin M. Barraza
- Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics and the Beckman Institute California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, (Ministry of Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - J. L. Beauchamp
- Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics and the Beckman Institute California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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245
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Hamada R, Ogawa E, Arai T. Continuous Optical Monitoring of Red Blood Cells During a Photosensitization Reaction. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2019; 37:110-116. [PMID: 31050934 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2018.4513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: An oxygen-enriched photosensitizer solution was created by the addition of red blood cells (RBCs) as an investigative tool for photosensitization reactions (PRs). Although the oxygen levels and reaction progress can be monitored using the optical characteristics of hemoglobin, previously this has only been done using intermittent measurements. An increase in methemoglobin concentration with irradiation time was reported. Objective: We constructed a continuous optical measurement system to study the dynamics of the PR in a photosensitizer solution containing RBCs. We also measured the relationship between hemolysis and methemoglobin production in the solution. Materials and methods: A 664 nm wavelength continuous laser beam at 60 mW/cm2 was used to drive the PR, and a broadband (475-650 nm) light beam was used to monitor the absorption spectra during the PR. The light sources were arranged perpendicularly to cross at a 1 × 10 mm cuvette. The sample in this cuvette was prepared from a low-hematocrit rabbit RBC suspension medium containing 30 μg/mL talaporfin sodium, a chlorine photosensitizer. The concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin, and methemoglobin were obtained using a multiple regression analysis of the measured spectra. Results: The oxygen saturation decreased continuously during the PR. The relationship between the degree of hemolysis and produced methemoglobin concentration was confirmed. Conclusions: We determined the dynamics of the oxidation and oxygen desorption of hemoglobin, as well as RBC hemolysis, during the PR. Our measurement system, which uses the properties of hemoglobin contained in RBCs, might be useful for continuous monitoring of PR dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Hamada
- 1 School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Emiyu Ogawa
- 2 School of Allied Health Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tsunenori Arai
- 3 Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Infomatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
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246
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Crous A, Dhilip Kumar SS, Abrahamse H. Effect of dose responses of hydrophilic aluminium (III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulphonate based photosensitizer on lung cancer cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 194:96-106. [PMID: 30953915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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247
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Porphyrinoid photosensitizers mediated photodynamic inactivation against bacteria. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 175:72-106. [PMID: 31096157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The multi-drug resistant bacteria have become a serious problem complicating therapies to such a degree that often the term "post-antibiotic era" is applied to describe the situation. The infections with methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, third generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli, third generation cephalosporin-resistant K. pneumoniae and carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa have become commonplace. Thus, the new strategies of infection treatment have been searched for, and one of the approaches is based on photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy. Photodynamic protocols require the interaction of photosensitizer, molecular oxygen and light. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy by porphyrinoid photosensitizers. In the first part of the review information on the mechanism of photodynamic action and the mechanism of the bacteria resistance to the photodynamic technique were described. In the second one, it was described porphyrinoids photosensitizers like: porphyrins, chlorins and phthalocyanines useable in photodynamic bacteria inactivation.
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248
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Heukers R, Mashayekhi V, Ramirez-Escudero M, de Haard H, Verrips TC, van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP, Oliveira S. VHH-Photosensitizer Conjugates for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy of Met-Overexpressing Tumor Cells. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:antib8020026. [PMID: 31544832 PMCID: PMC6640711 DOI: 10.3390/antib8020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an approach that kills (cancer) cells by the local production of toxic reactive oxygen species upon the local illumination of a photosensitizer (PS). The specificity of PDT has been further enhanced by the development of a new water-soluble PS and by the specific delivery of PS via conjugation to tumor-targeting antibodies. To improve tissue penetration and shorten photosensitivity, we have recently introduced nanobodies, also known as VHH (variable domains from the heavy chain of llama heavy chain antibodies), for targeted PDT of cancer cells overexpressing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Overexpression and activation of another cancer-related receptor, the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR, c-Met or Met) is also involved in the progression and metastasis of a large variety of malignancies. In this study we evaluate whether anti-Met VHHs conjugated to PS can also serve as a biopharmaceutical for targeted PDT. VHHs targeting the SEMA (semaphorin-like) subdomain of Met were provided with a C-terminal tag that allowed both straightforward purification from yeast supernatant and directional conjugation to the PS IRDye700DX using maleimide chemistry. The generated anti-Met VHH-PS showed nanomolar binding affinity and, upon illumination, specifically killed MKN45 cells with nanomolar potency. This study shows that Met can also serve as a membrane target for targeted PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimond Heukers
- QVQ Holding BV, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Vida Mashayekhi
- Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Mercedes Ramirez-Escudero
- Crystal & Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans de Haard
- Argenx BVBA, Industriepark-Zwijnaarde 7, 9052 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Theo C Verrips
- QVQ Holding BV, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul M P van Bergen En Henegouwen
- Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Pharmaceutics Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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249
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Hynek J, Koncošová M, Zelenka J, KříŽová I, Ruml T, Kubát P, Demel J, Lang K. Phosphinatophenylporphyrins tailored for high photodynamic efficacy. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:7274-7281. [PMID: 30259016 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01984c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective photosensitizers is particularly attractive for photodynamic therapy of cancer. Three novel porphyrin photosensitizers functionalized with phosphinic groups were synthesized and their physicochemical, photophysical, and photobiological properties were collected. Phosphinic acid groups (R1R2POOH) attached to the porphyrin moiety (R1) contain different R2 substituents (methyl, isopropyl, phenyl in this study). The presence of phosphinic groups does not influence absorption and photophysical properties of the porphyrin units, including the O2(1Δg) productivity. In vitro studies show that these porphyrins accumulate in cancer cells, are inherently nontoxic, however, exhibit high phototoxicity upon irradiation with visible light with their phototoxic efficacy tuned by R2 substituents on the phosphorus centre. Thus, phosphinatophenylporphyrin with isopropyl substituents has the strongest photodynamic efficacy due to the most efficient cellular uptake. We demonstrate that these porphyrins are attractive candidates for photodynamic applications since their photodynamic efficacy can be easily tuned by the R2 substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hynek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 ŘeŽ, Czech Republic.
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250
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Glowacka-Sobotta A, Wrotynski M, Kryjewski M, Sobotta L, Mielcarek J. Porphyrinoids in photodynamic diagnosis and therapy of oral diseases. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461850116x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic methods have found application not only in the treatment process as photodynamic therapy but also for the early detection of neoplastic lesions and tumors as photodynamic diagnosis. Early detection of the disease allows not only to avoid the patient’s lifetime risk but also significantly reduce the costs of anticancer therapy, which are increasing every year. There is a constant search for new and more effective photosensitizers which will provide safety in therapy while maintaining efficiency. This paper summarizes recent reports focused on the photodynamic diagnosis of oral cancers. Moreover, it shows methods of the photodynamic treatment of oral verrucous hyperplasia, erythroleukoplakia, and oral leukoplakia. The treatment of choice for these diseases is a surgical excision, which always leads to scar formation. Photodynamic therapy provides a new scar-less tool for the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arleta Glowacka-Sobotta
- Department and Clinic of Maxillofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Wrotynski
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Kryjewski
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Lukasz Sobotta
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Mielcarek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
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