201
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Zhou J, Wang T, Xie X. Rationally designed tubular coaxial-electrode copper ionization cells (CECICs) harnessing non-uniform electric field for efficient water disinfection. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 128:30-36. [PMID: 31029977 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Though well known for its anti-microbial property, copper is usually not considered for drinking water disinfection because of its health risk to human bodies under efficient biocidal concentration. Herein, we have rationally designed and constructed a tubular coaxial-electrode copper ionization cell (CECIC) that enables superior disinfection performance (~6-log removal of E. coli) with a very low effluent copper concentration (~200 μg/L). A non-uniform electric field with enhanced strength near the center electrode is generated in the chamber attributed to the coaxial center-outer electrode configuration. Exposure to the strong electric field subsequently increases the permeability of cell membrane, the excessive uptake of Cu ions into microbes, and thus the reinforced bacteria inactivation. The in-situ ionization results in a Cu ion concentration gradient with higher concentrations in the regions closer to the center. In addition, being driven by the electrophoresis and dielectrophoresis forces, the bacterial cells are transported to the vicinity of the center electrode, where both the electric field strength and Cu ion concentration are higher. These mechanisms in the CECIC synergistically result in the high inactivation efficiency with low Cu concentration in the effluent. The low-cost, high-efficiency, and disinfection-byproduct-free CECIC has shown significant potential in point-of-use applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Xing Xie
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States.
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202
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Abstract
Nanostructured devices are able to foster the technology for cell membrane poration. With the size smaller than a cell, nanostructures allow efficient poration on the cell membrane. Emerging nanostructures with various physical transduction have been demonstrated to accommodate effective intracellular delivery. Aside from improving poration and intracellular delivery performance, nanostructured devices also allow for the discovery of novel physiochemical phenomena and the biological response of the cell. This article provides a brief introduction to the principles of nanostructured devices for cell poration and outlines the intracellular delivery capability of the technology. In the future, we envision more exploration on new nanostructure designs and creative applications in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apresio K Fajrial
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309 United States of America
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203
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Bain J, Legge CJ, Beattie DL, Sahota A, Dirks C, Lovett JR, Staniland SS. A biomimetic magnetosome: formation of iron oxide within carboxylic acid terminated polymersomes. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:11617-11625. [PMID: 31173027 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00498j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired macromolecules can aid nucleation and crystallisation of minerals by mirroring processes observed in nature. Specifically, the iron oxide magnetite (Fe3O4) is produced in a dedicated liposome (called a magnetosome) within magnetic bacteria. This process is controlled by a suite of proteins embedded within the liposome membrane. In this study we look to synthetically mimic both the liposome and nucleation proteins embedded within it using preferential orientation polymer design. Amphiphilic block co-polymers self-assemble into vesicles (polymersomes) and have been used to successfully mimic liposomes. Carboxylic acid residue-rich motifs are common place in biomineralisation nucleating proteins and several magnetosome membrane specific (Mms) proteins (namely Mms6) have a specific carboxylic acid motifs that are found to bind both ferrous and ferric iron ions and nucleate the formation of magnetite. Here we use a combination of 2 diblock co-polymers: Both have the hydrophobic 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (PHPMA) block with either a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) block or a carboxylic acid terminated poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) block. These copolymers ((PEG113-PHPMA400) and (PMPC28-PHPMA400) respectively) self-assemble in situ to form polymersomes, with PEG113-PHPMA400 displaying favourably on the outer surface and PMPC28-PHPMA400 on the inner lumen, exposing numerous acidic iron binding carboxylates on the inner membrane. This is a polymersome mimic of a magnetosome (PMM28) containing interior nucleation sites. The resulting PMM28 were found to be 246 ± 137 nm in size. When the PMM28 were subjected to electroporation (5 pulses at 750 V) in an iron solution, iron ions were transported into the PMM28 polymersome core where magnetic iron-oxide was crystallised to fill the core; mimicking a magnetosome. Furthermore it has been shown that PMM28 magnetopolymersomes (PMM28Fe) exhibit a 6 °C temperature increase during in vitro magnetic hyperthermia yielding an intrinsic loss power (ILP) of 3.7 nHm2 kg-1. Such values are comparable to commercially available nanoparticles, but, offer the added potential for further tuning and functionalisation with respect to drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
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204
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Timmermans R, Mastwijk H, Berendsen L, Nederhoff A, Matser A, Van Boekel M, Nierop Groot M. Moderate intensity Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) as alternative mild preservation technology for fruit juice. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 298:63-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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205
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Kant R, Bhatt G, Patel VK, Ganguli A, Singh D, Nayak M, Mishra K, Gupta A, Gangopadhyay K, Gangopadhyay S, Ramanathan G, Bhattacharya S. Synchronized Electromechanical Shock Wave-Induced Bacterial Transformation. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:8512-8521. [PMID: 31459941 PMCID: PMC6648450 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple device that generates synchronized mechanical and electrical pressure waves for carrying out bacterial transformation. The mechanical pressure waves are produced by igniting a confined nanoenergetic composite material that provides ultrahigh pressure. Further, this device has an arrangement through which a synchronized electric field (of a time-varying nature) is initiated at a delay of ≈85 μs at the full width half-maxima point of the pressure pulse. The pressure waves so generated are incident to a thin aluminum-polydimethylsiloxane membrane that partitions the ignition chamber from the column of the mixture containing bacterial cells (Escherichia coli BL21) and 4 kb transforming DNA. A combination of mechanical and electrical pressure pulse created through the above arrangement ensures that the transforming DNA transports across the cell membrane into the cell, leading to a transformation event. This unique device has been successfully operated for efficient gene (∼4 kb) transfer into cells. The transformation efficacy of this device is found comparable to the other standard methods and protocols for carrying out the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Kant
- Microsystems
Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of
Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Geeta Bhatt
- Microsystems
Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of
Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Patel
- Microsystems
Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of
Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anurup Ganguli
- Microsystems
Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of
Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Singh
- Microsystems
Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of
Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monalisha Nayak
- Microsystems
Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of
Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Keerti Mishra
- Microsystems
Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of
Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankur Gupta
- Microsystems
Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of
Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Keshab Gangopadhyay
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Shubhra Gangopadhyay
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Gurunath Ramanathan
- Microsystems
Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of
Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shantanu Bhattacharya
- Microsystems
Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of
Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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206
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Perrier DL, Vahid A, Kathavi V, Stam L, Rems L, Mulla Y, Muralidharan A, Koenderink GH, Kreutzer MT, Boukany PE. Response of an actin network in vesicles under electric pulses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8151. [PMID: 31148577 PMCID: PMC6544639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the role of a biomimetic actin network during the application of electric pulses that induce electroporation or electropermeabilization, using giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) as a model system. The actin cortex, a subjacently attached interconnected network of actin filaments, regulates the shape and mechanical properties of the plasma membrane of mammalian cells, and is a major factor influencing the mechanical response of the cell to external physical cues. We demonstrate that the presence of an actin shell inhibits the formation of macropores in the electroporated GUVs. Additionally, experiments on the uptake of dye molecules after electroporation show that the actin network slows down the resealing process of the permeabilized membrane. We further analyze the stability of the actin network inside the GUVs exposed to high electric pulses. We find disruption of the actin layer that is likely due to the electrophoretic forces acting on the actin filaments during the permeabilization of the GUVs. Our findings on the GUVs containing a biomimetic network provide a step towards understanding the discrepancies between the electroporation mechanism of a living cell and its simplified model of the empty GUV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayinta L Perrier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Afshin Vahid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Vaishnavi Kathavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Stam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Lea Rems
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Yuval Mulla
- AMOLF, Department of Living Matter, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biological Physics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aswin Muralidharan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michiel T Kreutzer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pouyan E Boukany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
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207
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Benet E, Zhu H, Vernerey FJ. Interplay of elastic instabilities and viscoelasticity in the finite deformation of thin membranes. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:042502. [PMID: 31108606 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.042502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pneumatic structures and actuators are found in a variety of natural and engineered systems such as dielectric actuators, soft robots, plants and fungi cells, or even the vocal sac of frogs. These structures are often subjected to mechanical instabilities arising from the thinning of their cross section and that may be harvested to perform mechanical work at a low energetic cost. While most of our understanding of this unstable behavior is for purely elastic membranes, real materials including lipid bilayers, elastomers, and connective tissues typically display a time-dependent viscoelastic response. This paper thus explores the role of viscous effects on the nature of this elastic instability when such membranes are dynamically inflated. For this, we first introduce an extension of the transient network theory to describe the finite strain viscoelastic response of membranes, enabling an elegant formulation while keeping a close connection with the dynamics of the underlying polymer network. We then combine experiments and simulations to analyze the viscoelastic behavior of an inflated blister made of a commercial adhesive tape (VHB 4905). Our results show that the viscous component induces a rich spectrum of behaviors bounded by two well-known elastic solutions corresponding to very high and very low inflation rates. We also show that membrane relaxation may induce unwanted buckling when it is subjected to cyclic inflations at certain frequencies. These results have clear implications for the inflation and mechanical work performed by time-dependent pneumatic structures and instability-based actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Benet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Hongtian Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Franck J Vernerey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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208
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Enhancement of drug electrotransfer by extracellular plasmid DNA. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 666:156-160. [PMID: 30543787 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Electroporation is a widely established method for molecular delivery across electric field perturbed plasma membrane. It can be used as a non-viral DNA transfection method, or as a way to achieve small molecule delivery to or extraction from cells. We examined the possibility of combining the DNA delivery to the cells with small molecule transport across electroporated plasma membrane. The results show that the presence of DNA in electroporation medium increases the extraction of fluorescent dye calcein from calcein-AM loaded cells as well as the delivery of small-molecule drug bleomycin to the cells. We propose that these results may have implications in enhanced drug delivery using electroporation both in vivo and in clinics.
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209
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Evrendilek GA, Karatas B, Uzuner S, Tanasov I. Design and effectiveness of pulsed electric fields towards seed disinfection. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:3475-3480. [PMID: 30623440 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seeds harbor different microorganisms on their surfaces that degrade seed quality, thus causing an economic loss. Even though different approaches are available for the disinfection of seed surfaces, there is a need to develop environmentally friendly and sustainable technologies. A bench-scale pulsed electric field (PEF) unit was designed to inactivate microflora of eight seeds after which the resultant vigor of the treated seeds was determined. RESULTS Significant reductions were obtained in endogenous natural and inoculated pathogenic (Alternaria brassica and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, Drechslera graminea and Fusarium graminearum) microflora of seeds. The survival ratios of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria and of total mold and yeast decreased significantly for winter wheat and barley, parsley, onion, lettuce, tomato, and garden rocket with the PEF treatments of 240 and 960 J. A significant increase in germination ratio was observed for winter wheat and barley, lettuce, and tomato with 960 J. Germination energy increased for parsley with 240 J and for winter wheat and barley, lettuce, tomato, and garden rocket with 960 J. A better root development and seedling were found for winter barley. CONCLUSION PEFs are a viable option to both disinfect seed surfaces and improve seed vigor. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsun A Evrendilek
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
- Department of Food Engineering, Ardahan University Faculty of Engineering, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Berna Karatas
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Sibel Uzuner
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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210
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Lo YJ, Lei U. A Continuous Flow-through Microfluidic Device for Electrical Lysis of Cells. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E247. [PMID: 31013954 PMCID: PMC6523307 DOI: 10.3390/mi10040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the delicate 3D electrodes in the literature, a simple flow-through device is proposed here for continuous and massive lysis of cells using electricity. The device is essentially a rectangular microchannel with a planar electrode array built on its bottom wall, actuated by alternating current (AC) voltages between neighboring electrodes, and can be incorporated easily into other biomedical systems. Human whole blood diluted 10 times with phosphate-buffered saline (about 6 108 cells per mL) was pumped through the device, and the cells were completely lysed within 7 s after the application of a 20 V peak-to-peak voltage at 1 MHz, up to 400 μL/hr. Electric field and Maxwell stress were calculated for assessing electrical lysis. Only the lower half-channel was exposed to an electric field exceeding the irreversible threshold value of cell electroporation (Eth2), suggesting that a cross flow, proposed here primarily as the electro-thermally induced flow, was responsible for bringing the cells in the upper half-channel downward to the lower half-channel. The Maxwell shear stress associated with Eth2 was one order of magnitude less than the threshold mechanical stresses for lysis, implying that an applied moderate mechanical stress could aid electrical lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Lo
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - U Lei
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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211
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Rubin AE, Usta OB, Schloss R, Yarmush M, Golberg A. Selective Inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis with Pulsed Electric Fields and Antibiotics. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2019; 8:136-148. [PMID: 31737412 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2018.0819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Increasing numbers of multidrug-resistant bacteria make many antibiotics ineffective; therefore, new approaches to combat microbial infections are needed. In addition, antibiotics are not selective-they kill pathogenic organisms as well as organisms that could positively contribute to wound healing (bio flora). Approach: Here we report on selective inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis, potential pathogens involved in wound infections with pulsed electric fields (PEFs) and antibiotics (mix of penicillin, streptomycin, and nystatin). Results: Using a Taguchi experimental design in vitro, we found that, under similar electric field strengths, the pulse duration is the most important parameter for P. aeruginosa inactivation, followed by the number of pulses and pulse frequency. P. aeruginosa, a potential severe pathogen, is more sensitive than the less pathogenic S. epidermidis to PEF (alone or in combination with antibiotics). Applying 200 pulses with a duration of 60 μs at 2.8 Hz, the minimum electric fields of 308.8 ± 28.3 and 378.4 ± 12.9 V/mm were required to inactive P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis, respectively. Addition of antibiotics reduced the threshold for minimum electric fields required to inactivate the bacteria. Innovation: This study provides essential information, such as critical electric field parameters for bacteria inactivation, required for developing in vivo treatment and clinical protocols for using PEF for wound healing. Conclusion: A combination of PEFs with antibiotics reduces the electric field threshold required for bacteria disinfection. Such an approach simplifies devices required to disinfect large areas of infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Ethan Rubin
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Osman Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Shriners Burn Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rene Schloss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Martin Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Shriners Burn Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Alexander Golberg
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
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212
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Green and innovative techniques for recovery of valuable compounds from seafood by-products and discards: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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213
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Mahara A, Kobayashi N, Hirano Y, Yamaoka T. Sonoporation-based labeling of mesenchymal stem cells with polymeric MRI contrast agents for live-cell tracking. Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-019-0177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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214
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Kotnik T, Rems L, Tarek M, Miklavčič D. Membrane Electroporation and Electropermeabilization: Mechanisms and Models. Annu Rev Biophys 2019; 48:63-91. [PMID: 30786231 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-052118-115451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of biological cells to high-voltage, short-duration electric pulses causes a transient increase in their plasma membrane permeability, allowing transmembrane transport of otherwise impermeant molecules. In recent years, large steps were made in the understanding of underlying events. Formation of aqueous pores in the lipid bilayer is now a widely recognized mechanism, but evidence is growing that changes to individual membrane lipids and proteins also contribute, substantiating the need for terminological distinction between electroporation and electropermeabilization. We first revisit experimental evidence for electrically induced membrane permeability, its correlation with transmembrane voltage, and continuum models of electropermeabilization that disregard the molecular-level structure and events. We then present insights from molecular-level modeling, particularly atomistic simulations that enhance understanding of pore formation, and evidence of chemical modifications of membrane lipids and functional modulation of membrane proteins affecting membrane permeability. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges to our full understanding of electroporation and electropermeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadej Kotnik
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; ,
| | - Lea Rems
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Solna, Sweden;
| | - Mounir Tarek
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; ,
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215
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Simonis P, Kersulis S, Stankevich V, Sinkevic K, Striguniene K, Ragoza G, Stirke A. Pulsed electric field effects on inactivation of microorganisms in acid whey. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 291:128-134. [PMID: 30496942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Prospects of pulsed electric field technology application on acid whey concentrate pretreatment were analyzed. Stationary and flow pre-treatment systems were combined with different treatment parameters: electric field strength (E = 39 kV/cm, 95 kV/cm, 92 kV/cm), pulse duration (τ = 60 ns, 90 ns, 1000 ns) and pulse number (pn = up to 100 pulses). Isolates of Saccharomyces sp. and Lactobacillus sp. were predominant in concentrate. Significant non-thermal inactivation effect was achieved after PEF treatment. Exposure to short pulses selectively inactivated yeast cells, as a result PEF technology can be applied for low-energy acid whey processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Povilas Simonis
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Skirmantas Kersulis
- High Power Pulse Laboratory, State Research Institute, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio ave. 3, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Voitech Stankevich
- High Power Pulse Laboratory, State Research Institute, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio ave. 3, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kamilija Sinkevic
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Gregoz Ragoza
- Pieno Zvaigzdes Kaunas Department, Taikos ave. 90, LT-51181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Stirke
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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216
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IGBT-Based Pulsed Electric Fields Generator for Disinfection: Design and In Vitro Studies on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 47:1314-1325. [PMID: 30726513 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation of cell membrane with pulsed electric fields is an emerging physical method for disinfection that aims to reduce the doses and volumes of used antibiotics for wound healing. Here we report on the design of the IGBT-based pulsed electric field generator that enabled eradication of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 on the gel. Using a concentric electric configuration we determined that the lower threshold of the electric field required to kill P. aeruginosa PAO1 was 89.28 ± 12.89 V mm-1, when 200 square pulses of 300 µs duration are delivered at 3 Hz. These parameters disinfected 38.14 ± 0.79 mm2 area around the single needle electrode. This study provides a step towards the design of equipment required for multidrug-resistant bacteria disinfection in patients with pulsed electric fields.
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217
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Ruzgys P, Jakutavičiūtė M, Šatkauskienė I, Čepurnienė K, Šatkauskas S. Effect of electroporation medium conductivity on exogenous molecule transfer to cells in vitro. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1436. [PMID: 30723286 PMCID: PMC6363740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we evaluated the influence of medium conductivity to propidium iodide (PI) and bleomycin (BLM) electroporation mediated transfer to cells. Inverse dependency between the extracellular conductivity and the efficiency of the transfer had been found. Using 1 high voltage (HV) pulse, the total molecule transfer efficiency decreased 4.67 times when external medium conductivity increased from 0.1 to 0.9 S/m. Similar results had been found using 2 HV and 3 HV pulses. The percentage of cells killed by BLM electroporation mediated transfer had also decreased with the conductivity increase, from 79% killed cells in 0.1 S/m conductivity medium to 28% killed cells in 0.9 S/m conductivity medium. We hypothesize that the effect of external medium conductivity on electroporation mediated transfer is triggered by cell deformation during electric field application. In high conductivity external medium cell assumes oblate shape, which causes a change of voltage distribution on the cell membrane, leading to lower electric field induced transmembrane potential. On the contrary, low conductivity external medium leads to prolate cell shape and increased transmembrane potential at the electrode facing cell poles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulius Ruzgys
- Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vileikos 8, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Milda Jakutavičiūtė
- Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vileikos 8, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Šatkauskienė
- Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vileikos 8, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Karolina Čepurnienė
- Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vileikos 8, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Šatkauskas
- Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vileikos 8, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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218
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Zhu Z, Zhang R, Grimi N, Vorobiev E. Effects of Pulsed Electric Field Treatment on Compression Properties and Solutes Diffusion Behaviors of Jerusalem artichoke. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030559. [PMID: 30717478 PMCID: PMC6384546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Jerusalem artichoke is widely used as raw material for industrial production of inulin. Pressing (compression) and diffusion are two effective technologies for bio-compounds' recovery from plants. In this work, pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment at 400, 600, and 800 V/cm during 100 ms was applied to facilitate juice and solutes recovery from Jerusalem artichoke. The application of PEF led to electroporation of cell membranes and enhanced the tissue compression/juice expression and solutes diffusion. The consolidation coefficient (calculated by application of semi-empirical model) of PEF treated sample at 800 V/cm was 6.50 × 10-7 m²/s, which is significantly higher than that of untreated sample (5.02 × 10-9 m²/s) and close to that of freeze-thawed sample. Diffusion experiments with PEF treated samples were carried out at 25, 50, and 75 °C. A PEF treatment of Jerusalem artichoke at 800 V/cm led to a similar diffusion behavior at 25 °C, compared to diffusion behavior obtained from untreated sample at 75 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhou Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable (UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR), Centre de recherche Royallieu, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Nabil Grimi
- Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable (UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR), Centre de recherche Royallieu, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Eugene Vorobiev
- Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable (UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR), Centre de recherche Royallieu, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
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219
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Rems L, Viano M, Kasimova MA, Miklavčič D, Tarek M. The contribution of lipid peroxidation to membrane permeability in electropermeabilization: A molecular dynamics study. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 125:46-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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220
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Vaiwala R, Jadhav S, Thaokar R. Electroporation Using Dissipative Particle Dynamics with a Novel Protocol for Applying Electric Field. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:603-612. [PMID: 30525589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In molecular dynamics simulations of membrane electroporation, the bilayer is subjected to an electric field E either by direct addition of a force f = qE on the charge-bearing species or by imposing an ion imbalance in the salt solutions on the two sides of the bilayer. The former is believed to mimic electroporation with high fields over nanosecond pulse period, during which the membrane is almost uncharged, especially in the low salt limit. Conversely, the ion imbalance method elucidates a low electric field-induced poration over a longer period of micro- to milliseconds with a fully charged membrane. Both these methods of applying electric field have disadvantages while investigating electroporation using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. The method involving direct addition of force fails to address the presence of a nonuniform dielectric background for ions embedded in nonpolarizable DPD water and those found in the core of the bilayer. The ion imbalance method in DPD simulations suffers from its unavoidable use of a wall potential to prevent the movement of ions across the periodic boundaries. To address the above issues, we propose a simple method for imposing a desired transmembrane potential (TMV) by placing oppositely but uniformly charged plates on either side of the bilayer. Our DPD simulations demonstrate that the profiles for bead density, mechanical stress, electrical potential, as well as the transient responses in the dipole moment and species fluxes obtained from the proposed method utilizing charged plates are quite similar to those obtained using the ion imbalance method. The proposed protocol is free from the aforementioned drawbacks of the direct force addition and ion imbalance methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Vaiwala
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400 076 , India
| | - Sameer Jadhav
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400 076 , India
| | - Rochish Thaokar
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400 076 , India
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221
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Konopacki M, Rakoczy R. The analysis of rotating magnetic field as a trigger of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria growth. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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222
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Biorefinery Concept as a Key for Sustainable Future to Green Chemistry—The Case of Microalgae. GREEN CHEMISTRY AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3810-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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223
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Chen Y, Moser MAJ, Luo Y, Zhang W, Zhang B. Chemical Enhancement of Irreversible Electroporation: A Review and Future Suggestions. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2019; 18:1533033819874128. [PMID: 31500518 PMCID: PMC6737874 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819874128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation has raised great interest in the past decade as a means of destroying cancers in a way that does not involve heat. Irreversible electroporation is a novel ablation technology that uses short high-voltage electrical pulses to enhance the permeability of tumor cell membranes and generate irreversible nano-sized structural defects or pores, thus leading to cell death. Irreversible electroporation has many advantages over thermal therapies due to its nonthermal mechanism: (1) reduced risk of injury to surrounding organs and (2) no "heat-sink" effect due to nearby blood vessels. However, so far, it has been difficult for irreversible electroporation to completely ablate large tumors (eg, >3 cm in diameter). In order to overcome this problem, many preclinical and clinical studies have been performed to improve the efficacy of IRE in the treatment of large size of tumors through a chemical perspective. Due to the distribution of electric field, irreversible electroporation region, reversible electroporation region, and intact region can be found in the treatment of irreversible electroporation. Thus, 2 types of chemical enhancements of irreversible electroporation were discussed in the article, such as the reversible electroporation region enhanced and the irreversible electroporation region enhanced. Specifically, the state-of-the-art results regarding the following approaches that have the potential to be used in the enhancement of irreversible electroporation were systematically reviewed in the article, including (1) combination with cytotoxic drugs, (2) calcium electroporation, (3) modification of cell membrane, and (4) modification of the tumor cell microenvironment. In the end, we concluded with 4 issues that should be addressed in the future for improving irreversible electroporation further in a chemical way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yigang Luo
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Bing Zhang
- Energy-based Tumor Ablation Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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224
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Mukherjee P, Nathamgari SSP, Kessler JA, Espinosa HD. Combined Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Localized Electroporation-Based Cell Transfection and Sampling. ACS NANO 2018; 12:12118-12128. [PMID: 30452236 PMCID: PMC6535396 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Localized electroporation has evolved as an effective technology for the delivery of foreign molecules into cells while preserving their viability. Consequently, this technique has potential applications in sampling the contents of live cells and the temporal assessment of cellular states at the single-cell level. Although there have been numerous experimental reports on localized electroporation-based delivery, a lack of a mechanistic understanding of the process hinders its implementation in sampling. In this work, we develop a multiphysics model that predicts the transport of molecules into and out of the cell during localized electroporation. Based on the model predictions, we optimize experimental parameters such as buffer conditions, electric field strength, cell confluency, and density of nanochannels in the substrate for successful delivery and sampling via localized electroporation. We also identify that cell membrane tension plays a crucial role in enhancing both the amount and the uniformity of molecular transport, particularly for macromolecules. We qualitatively validate the model predictions on a localized electroporation platform by delivering large molecules (bovine serum albumin and mCherry-encoding plasmid) and by sampling an exogeneous protein (tdTomato) in an engineered cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithvijit Mukherjee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - S. Shiva P. Nathamgari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John A. Kessler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Horacio D. Espinosa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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225
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Abstract
The extraction kinetics of polyphenols, which are leached from red vine leaves, are studied and evaluated using a laboratory robot and nonconventional processing techniques such as ultrasonic (US)-, microwave (MW)-, and pulsed electric field (PEF)-assisted extraction processes. The robotic high-throughput screening reveals optimal extraction conditions at a pH value of 2.5, a temperature of 56 °C, and a solvent mixture of methanol:water:HCl of 50:49:1 v/v/v. Nonconventional processing techniques, such as MW- and US-assisted extraction, have the fastest kinetics and produce the highest polyphenol yield. The non-conventional techniques yield is 2.29 g/L (MW) resp. 2.47 g/L (US) for particles that range in size from 450 to 2000 µm and 2.20 g/L (MW) resp. 2.05 g/L (US) for particles that range from 2000 to 4000 µm. PEF has the lowest yield of polyphenols with 0.94 g/L (450–2000 µm), resp. 0.64 g/L (2000–4000 µm) in comparison to 1.82 g/L (2000 to 4000 µm) in a standard stirred vessel (50 °C). When undried red vine leaves (2000 to 4000 µm) are used the total phenol content is 1.44 g/L with PEF.
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226
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Govindan K, Angelin A, Rangarajan M. Critical evaluation of mechanism responsible for biomass abatement during electrochemical coagulation (EC) process: A critical review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 227:335-353. [PMID: 30199730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This is a first review paper that delineates fundamental disinfection mechanism undergoes during the simple electrochemical coagulation (EC) process. The elucidation of detailed mechanistic phenomenon of EC process involved would help to enhance the disinfection efficiency. In this context, the biomass (bacteria, virus and algae) abatement mechanism by EC is critically reviewed and rationalized based on the experimental demonstration performed from the recent decade. Whereas, the effect of most significant abiotic operating parameters, dissolved contents and bacteria cell wall composition on biomass reduction are explored in detail. From these analyses, physical removal and chemical inactivation routes are identified for bacteria abatement mechanism during the EC process using sacrificial electrodes. Which includes (i) enmeshment of microbial contaminants by EC flocs, (ii) sweeping flocculation is preferentially for destabilization of negatively charged biomass, and (iii) inactivation/attenuation of micro-organism cell walls by electrochemically induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) or direct interaction of electric field. Perhaps, the overall abatement mechanism attributes due to the aforementioned phenomenon endures independently and/or synergistically during the EC process. Nonetheless, to obtain better understanding of virus and algae abatement mechanism, we require more experimental investigation on algae and virus removal. Eventually, more intensive research efforts on biomass attenuation by EC are most important to reinforce this claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadarkarai Govindan
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Green Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 112, India.
| | - Arumugam Angelin
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641 114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murali Rangarajan
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Green Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 112, India
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227
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Marracino P, Bernardi M, Liberti M, Del Signore F, Trapani E, Gárate JA, Burnham CJ, Apollonio F, English NJ. Transprotein-Electropore Characterization: A Molecular Dynamics Investigation on Human AQP4. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:15361-15369. [PMID: 30556005 PMCID: PMC6288775 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation characterization is a topic of intensive interest probed by extensive ongoing research efforts. Usually, these studies are carried out on lipid-bilayer electroporation. Surprisingly, the possibility of water-channel electropore formation across transmembrane proteins themselves, particularly in view of such a promising application, has not yet been elucidated. The present work examines the geometrical and kinetic aspects of electropores and their stability in such a protein milieux (as opposed through the phospholipid membranes) in depth, by means of scrutiny of such a process in human-AQP4 as a well-representative prototype. The residues forming the electropore's walls, organized in loops, reveal the formation mechanism by their dipole alignment and translational response in response to applied axial electric fields in nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation. The magnitude of sustaining electric fields (keeping a stable electropore open) were determined. This suggests that transmembrane proteins could play a central role in electroporation applications, e.g., in medicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Marracino
- Department
of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, La Sapienza University, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Bernardi
- Department
of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, La Sapienza University, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Micaela Liberti
- Department
of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, La Sapienza University, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Del Signore
- Department
of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, La Sapienza University, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Trapani
- Department
of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, La Sapienza University, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - José-Antonio Gárate
- Centro
Interdisciplinario de neurociencia de Valparaiso, Universidad de Valparaiso, 05101 Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Christian J. Burnham
- School
of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, D4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Francesca Apollonio
- Department
of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, La Sapienza University, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Niall J. English
- School
of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, D4 Dublin, Ireland
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228
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Kim YH, Kwon SG, Bae SJ, Park SJ, Im DJ. Optimization of the droplet electroporation method for wild type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii transformation. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 126:29-37. [PMID: 30472569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We performed the transformation of a wild type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by optimizing previously developed droplet EP method. For more effective and faster optimization, we used DNA dying fluorescent molecule (Yo-Pro-1) for finding optimal EP conditions instead of using protein expression based evaluation method. By examining wider range of electrical parameter space together with the analysis of total current flow of EP process, we found optimal EP conditions. The obtained optimal EP conditions were verified by CFP transgene expression experiments. By applying the optimal EP conditions to the transformation of C. reinhardtii, we obtained transformants and analyzed them using PCR. Finally, implications and future work are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Hun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 365 Sinseon-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48547, South Korea
| | - Sang Gu Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 365 Sinseon-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48547, South Korea
| | - Seo Jun Bae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 365 Sinseon-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48547, South Korea
| | - Sung Jin Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 365 Sinseon-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48547, South Korea
| | - Do Jin Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 365 Sinseon-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48547, South Korea.
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229
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Qiu H, Wang X, Choi A, Zhao W. Comparative Study of Pore Formation Energy by High Intensity, Nanosecond Electrical Pulse. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2018:5721-5724. [PMID: 30441635 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nanosecond, high intensity electric pulses create nanopores in the cell membrane. Pore formation energy is probed by taking account of the strain energy based on the continuum model. Maxwell stress acting on the cell membrane is included in the 3D model calculation as well as the effect of membrane curvature. In addition, comparison between cylindrical and toroidal pores were made to explore the difference of strain energy and force over the pores at a range of radii. Through the analyses the transmembrane potential were kept constant in order to obtain a transient response in that the electric pulse has a ultrashort duration and pore-evolving process is rapid as well. Our results demonstrate that under the same circumstances toroidal pores have higher strain energy than cylindrical pores due to the surface area and volume of the pore shape.
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230
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Huo ZY, Li GQ, Yu T, Feng C, Lu Y, Wu YH, Yu C, Xie X, Hu HY. Cell Transport Prompts the Performance of Low-Voltage Electroporation for Cell Inactivation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15832. [PMID: 30361540 PMCID: PMC6202345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The inactivation of pathogens in liquids has broad applications, ranging from water disinfection to food pasteurization. However, common cell inactivation methods (e.g., chlorination, ultraviolet radiation and thermal treatment) have significant drawbacks such as carcinogenic byproduct formation, energy intensiveness and/or nutrient structure destruction. Here, we fabricated a new approach to address these challenges by applying a low-voltage electroporation disinfection cell (EDC) and investigate the critical mechanisms of cell transport to allow high inactivation performance. The EDC prototypes were equipped with two one-dimensional (1D) nanostructure-assisted electrodes that enabled high electric field strength (>107 V m−1) near the electrode surface with a low applied voltage (1 V). We have identified that during electroporation disinfection, electrophoresis, dielectrophoresis and hydraulic flow are the three major mechanisms which transport cells into the vicinity of the electrode surface to achieve superior disinfection performance. The EDC treated 70 ml of bacteria sample with an initial cell concentration of 107 CFU ml−1 and achieved complete bacteria inactivation (survival rate <0.00001%; no live bacteria detected). Our findings will help to establish a foundation for the future development and implementation of low-voltage electroporation for cell inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yang Huo
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.,School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, United States
| | - Guo-Qiang Li
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Tong Yu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Chao Feng
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yun Lu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yin-Hu Wu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Cecilia Yu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, United States
| | - Xing Xie
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, United States.
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China. .,Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518055, PR, China.
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231
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Proliferation arrest, selectivity, and chemosensitivity enhancement of cancer cells treated by a low-intensity alternating electric field. Biomed Microdevices 2018; 20:90. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-018-0339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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232
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Fauster T, Schlossnikl D, Rath F, Ostermeier R, Teufel F, Toepfl S, Jaeger H. Impact of pulsed electric field (PEF) pretreatment on process performance of industrial French fries production. J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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233
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Rezaee Z, Yadollahpour A, Bayati V. Single Intense Microsecond Electric Pulse Induces Radiosensitization to Ionizing Radiation: Effects of Time Intervals Between Electric Pulse and Ionizing Irradiation. Front Oncol 2018; 8:418. [PMID: 30319980 PMCID: PMC6171481 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Recent studies have shown the potential of electroporation (EP) as a physical radiosensitizer for ionizing radiation (IR). The amount of sensitizing effect depends on some factors the most important of them is the time interval between the EP and IR. This experimental in vitro study aims to investigate the radiosensitizing effect of EP exposure prior to IR and also evaluate the effects of EP-IR time intervals on the amount of radiosensitizing effects. Methods: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines were cultured in vitro. The cells were divided into 10 groups including one untreated or control group, IR, and EP treatment alone groups, and seven combined EP-IR groups with 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 min intervals. The dose enhancement factors (DEFs) for 6 MV X-rays IR were comparatively investigated between the groups using MTT assay. Results: The EP significantly induced radiosensitizing effect and its amount depends on the time intervals. The viability rate of the cells in the combined EP-IR treatment groups for intervals of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 min was significantly lower than the IR alone group. The highest DEF (1.18) was observed 10 min time interval between EP and IR. Conclusion: The radiosensitizing effects of EP persist long enough, 10–50 min, which allows safe application of EP as a radiosensitizer before IR in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Rezaee
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Yadollahpour
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vahid Bayati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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234
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Moradi N, Rahimi M. Effect of ultrasound- and pulsed electric field-assisted enzymatic treatment on the recovery and quality of sunflower oil. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1522344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Negin Moradi
- CFD research center, Chemical Engineering Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Rahimi
- CFD research center, Chemical Engineering Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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235
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Zhao Y, Liu H, Bhonsle SP, Wang Y, Davalos RV, Yao C. Ablation outcome of irreversible electroporation on potato monitored by impedance spectrum under multi-electrode system. Biomed Eng Online 2018; 17:126. [PMID: 30236121 PMCID: PMC6148960 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-018-0562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irreversible electroporation (IRE) therapy relies on pulsed electric fields to non-thermally ablate cancerous tissue. Methods for evaluating IRE ablation in situ are critical to assessing treatment outcome. Analyzing changes in tissue impedance caused by electroporation has been proposed as a method for quantifying IRE ablation. In this paper, we assess the hypothesis that irreversible electroporation ablation outcome can be monitored using the impedance change measured by the electrode pairs not in use, getting more information about the ablation size in different directions. METHODS Using a square four-electrode configuration, the two diagonal electrodes were used to electroporate potato tissue. Next, the impedance changes, before and after treatment, were measured from different electrode pairs and the impedance information was extracted by fitting the data to an equivalent circuit model. Finally, we correlated the change of impedance from various electrode pairs to the ablation geometry through the use of fitted functions; then these functions were used to predict the ablation size and compared to the numerical simulation results. RESULTS The change in impedance from the electrodes used to apply pulses is larger and has higher deviation than the other electrode pairs. The ablation size and the change in resistance in the circuit model correlate with various linear functions. The coefficients of determination for the three functions are 0.8121, 0.8188 and 0.8691, respectively, showing satisfactory agreement. The functions can well predict the ablation size under different pulse numbers, and in some directions it did even better than the numerical simulation method, which used different electric field thresholds for different pulse numbers. CONCLUSIONS The relative change in tissue impedance measured from the non-energized electrodes can be used to assess ablation size during treatment with IRE according to linear functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, 329 ICTAS Stanger St (0298), Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Suyashree P Bhonsle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, 329 ICTAS Stanger St (0298), Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Yilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Rafael V Davalos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, 329 ICTAS Stanger St (0298), Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Chenguo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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236
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Zhang Y, Lyu C, Liu Y, Lv Y, Chang TT, Rubinsky B. Molecular and histological study on the effects of non-thermal irreversible electroporation on the liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:665-670. [PMID: 29678581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Non-thermal irreversible electroporation (NTIRE) is a biophysical phenomenon in which certain electric fields delivered across the cell membrane in tissue, cause cell death, without affecting the extracellular matrix. "Minimally invasive regenerative surgery" is a new medical modality for treatment of end-stage organ or tissue failure in which exogenous cells are implanted in a decellularized niche in tissue, formed by the delivery of NTIRE electric fields across a targeted volume of tissue. We anticipate that the success of the procedure will depend on the time of implantation relative to the application of NTIRE. This study was performed to elucidate the histological and molecular events that occur within 24 h after NTIRE, in the context of optimal criteria for the time of implantation. To this end, we examined the histology of NTIRE treated rat liver with H&E, Masson trichrome and TUNEL staining. Western blot was used to examine pro and cleaved caspase-3 (marker for apoptosis), pro and cleaved caspase-1 and gasdermin D (markers for pyroptosis), and RIP3 and MLKL (markers for necroptosis). The key findings are that, complete hepatocytes disintegration within an intact extracellular matrix is seen at 6 h and, new hepatocytes are seen in the treated region at 24 h, after NTIRE. There is no evidence of apoptotic cell death from NTIRE, contrary to commonly made claims in the NTIRE literature. However, molecular pathways of pyroptosis and necroptosis, programed necrosis associated with inflammation, are activated at 6 h after NTIRE and are not evident at 24 h after NTIRE. These are fundamental new findings of basic value to the field of NTIRE in all its applications. Taken together the results suggest the hypothesis that an optimal time for implantation is about 24 h after NTIRE. Future studies in which exogenous cells are implanted at different times after NTIRE are required to examine this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Endocrinology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471009, China.
| | - Chenang Lyu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanpeng Lv
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Chongqing University, College of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Tammy T Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Boris Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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237
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Stewart MP, Langer R, Jensen KF. Intracellular Delivery by Membrane Disruption: Mechanisms, Strategies, and Concepts. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7409-7531. [PMID: 30052023 PMCID: PMC6763210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery is a key step in biological research and has enabled decades of biomedical discoveries. It is also becoming increasingly important in industrial and medical applications ranging from biomanufacture to cell-based therapies. Here, we review techniques for membrane disruption-based intracellular delivery from 1911 until the present. These methods achieve rapid, direct, and universal delivery of almost any cargo molecule or material that can be dispersed in solution. We start by covering the motivations for intracellular delivery and the challenges associated with the different cargo types-small molecules, proteins/peptides, nucleic acids, synthetic nanomaterials, and large cargo. The review then presents a broad comparison of delivery strategies followed by an analysis of membrane disruption mechanisms and the biology of the cell response. We cover mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, and chemical strategies of membrane disruption with a particular emphasis on their applications and challenges to implementation. Throughout, we highlight specific mechanisms of membrane disruption and suggest areas in need of further experimentation. We hope the concepts discussed in our review inspire scientists and engineers with further ideas to improve intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P. Stewart
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
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238
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Kondrashov OV, Galimzyanov TR, Pavlov KV, Kotova EA, Antonenko YN, Akimov SA. Membrane Elastic Deformations Modulate Gramicidin A Transbilayer Dimerization and Lateral Clustering. Biophys J 2018; 115:478-493. [PMID: 30049405 PMCID: PMC6084527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gramicidin A (gA) is a short β-helical peptide known to form conducting channels in lipid membranes because of transbilayer dimerization. The gA conducting dimer, being shorter than the lipid bilayer thickness, deforms the membrane in its vicinity, and the bilayer elastic energy contributes to the gA dimer formation energy. Likewise, membrane incorporation of a gA monomer, which is shorter than the lipid monolayer thickness, creates a void, thereby forcing surrounding lipid molecules to tilt to fill it. The energy of membrane deformation was calculated in the framework of the continuum elasticity theory, taking into account splay, tilt, lateral stretching/compression, Gaussian splay deformations, and external membrane tension. We obtained the interaction energy profiles for two gA monomers located either in the same or in the opposite monolayers. The profiles demonstrated the long-range attraction and short-range repulsion behavior of the monomers resulting from the membrane deformation. Analysis of the profile features revealed conditions under which clusters of gA monomers would not dissipate because of diffusion. The calculated dependence of the dimer formation and decay energy barriers on the membrane elastic properties was in good agreement with the available experimental data and suggested an explanation for a hitherto contentious phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Kondrashov
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Department of Theoretical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Timur R Galimzyanov
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Department of Theoretical Physics and Quantum Technologies, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS," Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Pavlov
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Kotova
- Department of Photosynthesis and Fluorescence Research Methods, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri N Antonenko
- Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Akimov
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Department of Theoretical Physics and Quantum Technologies, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS," Moscow, Russia.
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A photoelectrochemical platform for the capture and release of rare single cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2288. [PMID: 29895867 PMCID: PMC5997639 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04701-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For many normal and aberrant cell behaviours, it is important to understand the origin of cellular heterogeneity. Although powerful methods for studying cell heterogeneity have emerged, they are more suitable for common rather than rare cells. Exploring the heterogeneity of rare single cells is challenging because these rare cells must be first pre-concentrated and undergo analysis prior to classification and expansion. Here, a versatile capture & release platform consisting of an antibody-modified and electrochemically cleavable semiconducting silicon surface for release of individual cells of interest is presented. The captured cells can be interrogated microscopically and tested for drug responsiveness prior to release and recovery. The capture & release strategy was applied to identify rare tumour cells from whole blood, monitor the uptake of, and response to, doxorubicin and subsequently select cells for single-cell gene expression based on their response to the doxorubicin. Many cell capture systems exist but the characterisation and controlled release of single cells is a challenge. Here, the authors report on the development of a duel trigger release system using a combination of photo and electro triggers to allow for light based analysis without unwanted release.
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241
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Korem M, Goldberg NS, Cahan A, Cohen MJ, Nissenbaum I, Moses AE. Clinically applicable irreversible electroporation for eradication of micro-organisms. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 67:15-21. [PMID: 29679390 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) damages cell membranes and is used in medicine for nonthermal ablation of malignant tumours. Our aim was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of IRE. The pathogenic micro-organisms, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were subjected to IRE. Survival was measured as a function of voltage and the number of pulses applied. Combined use of IRE and oxacillin for eradication of Staph. aureus was also tested. Log10 reduction in micro-organisms positively correlated with the number of applied pulses. The colony count of Strep. pyogenes and E. coli declined by 3·38 and 3·05 orders of magnitude, respectively, using an electric field of 2000 V and 100 pulses. Killing of Staph. aureus and P. aeruginosa was achieved with a double cycle of IRE (2000, 1500 V and repeated 1250 V respectively) of 50-100 IRE pulses. The addition of subclinical inhibitory concentrations of oxacillin to the Staph. aureus suspension prior to IRE led to total bacterial death, demonstrating synergism between oxacillin and IRE. Our results demonstrate that using IRE with clinically established parameters has a marked in vitro effect on pathogenic micro-organisms and highlights the potential of IRE as a treatment modality for deep-seated infections, particularly when combined with low doses of antibiotics. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is utilized in interventional radiology to treat cancer patients. In this study we evaluated in vitro the antimicrobial effect of IRE. We demonstrated that using IRE with clinically established parameters has a marked effect on pathogenic micro-organisms and is synergistic to antimicrobials when both are combined. Our results point to the potential of IRE as a treatment modality for deep-seated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Korem
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - N S Goldberg
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Cahan
- IBM Research, Yorktown, NY, USA
| | - M J Cohen
- Clalit Health Services, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - I Nissenbaum
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A E Moses
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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242
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Gavahian M, Chu YH, Sastry S. Extraction from Food and Natural Products by Moderate Electric Field: Mechanisms, Benefits, and Potential Industrial Applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1040-1052. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Gavahian
- Product and Process Research Center; Food Industry Research and Development Inst.; No. 331 Shih-Pin Rd. Hsinchu 30062 Taiwan ROC
| | - Yan-Hwa Chu
- Product and Process Research Center; Food Industry Research and Development Inst.; No. 331 Shih-Pin Rd. Hsinchu 30062 Taiwan ROC
| | - Sudhir Sastry
- Dept. of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering; The Ohio State Univ.; 590 Woody Hayes Drive Columbus OH 43210 USA
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243
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Atomistic Simulations of Electroporation of Model Cell Membranes. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY EMBRYOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY 2018; 227:1-15. [PMID: 28980037 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56895-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Electroporation is a phenomenon that modifies the fundamental function of the cell since it perturbs transiently or permanently the integrity of its membrane. Today, this technique is applied in fields ranging from biology and biotechnology to medicine, e.g., for drug and gene delivery into cells, tumor therapy, etc., in which it made it to preclinical and clinical treatments. Experimentally, due to the complexity and heterogeneity of cell membranes, it is difficult to provide a description of the electroporation phenomenon in terms of atomically resolved structural and dynamical processes, a prerequisite to optimize its use. Atomistic modeling in general and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in particular have proven to be an effective approach for providing such a level of detail. This chapter provides the reader with a comprehensive account of recent advances in using such a technique to complement conventional experimental approaches in characterizing several aspects of cell membranes electroporation.
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Membrane electroporation: chemical thermodynamics and flux kinetics revisited and refined. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2018; 47:373-387. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-018-1305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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245
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Sugrue A, Maor E, Ivorra A, Vaidya V, Witt C, Kapa S, Asirvatham S. Irreversible electroporation for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2018; 16:349-360. [DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2018.1459185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Sugrue
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elad Maor
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Antoni Ivorra
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vaibhav Vaidya
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chance Witt
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Suraj Kapa
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Samuel Asirvatham
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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246
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Pilot in vitro and in vivo study on a mouse model to evaluate the safety of transcutaneous low-frequency electrical nerve stimulation on cervical cancer patients. Int Urogynecol J 2018; 30:71-80. [PMID: 29610941 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-018-3625-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS To clarify whether the pulse electrical field (PEF) caused by transcutaneous low-frequency nerve electrical stimulation (TENS) enhances the proliferation of cervical cancer cells, leading to recurrence and metastasis, and the effect of such a PEF on a cervical cancer mouse model. METHODS 1. In vitro experiment: SiHa cervical cancer cells treated with one session of microsecond PEFs for 30 min were divided into four groups: three experimental groups and the control group. Cell proliferation and migration were determined by CCK-8 proliferation and Transwell chamber Matrigel migration assay. 2. In vivo experiment: A mouse cancer model was established by subcutaneous implantation of SiHa cells that were then were randomly divided into the TENS group and control group. The former group received one session of TENS treatment and the control group received a sham pulse. The growth trend and tumor volume of each group were compared 28 days after PEF treatment. The proliferation and apoptosis of the tumor were determined by an immunohistochemical method. RESULTS (1) The CCK-8 proliferation assay and cell migration ability showed no difference after PEF stimulation treatment (F = 2.478, P = 0.136 > 0.05 and F = 0.364, P = 0.779). (2) Tumor growth, size and weight showed no significant difference between the two groups. (3) Expression of VEGF, CD34, caspase-3 and Ki-67 in the tumor tissue showed no significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS In vitro and in vivo experiments (mice) showed that the PEF created by TENS had no effect on the proliferation and migration of SiHa cervical cancer cells and also had no effect on the tumor growth, tumor cell apoptosis and proliferation.
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247
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Sengel JT, Wallace MI. Measuring the potential energy barrier to lipid bilayer electroporation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018. [PMID: 28630163 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroporation is a common tool for gene transfection, tumour ablation, sterilization and drug delivery. Using experimental methods, we explore the temperature dependence of electropore formation in a model membrane system (droplet-interface bilayers), using optical single-channel recording to image the real-time gating of individual electropores. We investigate the influence of the agarose substrate on electropores formed in this system. Furthermore, by examining the temperature-dependent kinetics of pore opening and closure we are able to estimate a barrier to pore opening in 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPhPC) membranes to be 25.0 ± 8.3 kBT, in agreement with previous predictions. Overall these measurements help support the toroidal model of membrane electroporation.This article is part of the themed issue 'Membrane pores: from structure and assembly, to medicine and technology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Sengel
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Mark I Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK
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248
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Sözer EB, Pocetti CF, Vernier PT. Transport of charged small molecules after electropermeabilization - drift and diffusion. BMC BIOPHYSICS 2018; 11:4. [PMID: 29581879 PMCID: PMC5861730 DOI: 10.1186/s13628-018-0044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Applications of electric-field-induced permeabilization of cells range from cancer therapy to wastewater treatment. A unified understanding of the underlying mechanisms of membrane electropermeabilization, however, has not been achieved. Protocols are empirical, and models are descriptive rather than predictive, which hampers the optimization and expansion of electroporation-based technologies. A common feature of existing models is the assumption that the permeabilized membrane is passive, and that transport through it is entirely diffusive. To demonstrate the necessity to go beyond that assumption, we present here a quantitative analysis of the post-permeabilization transport of three small molecules commonly used in electroporation research — YO-PRO-1, propidium, and calcein — after exposure of cells to minimally perturbing, 6 ns electric pulses. Results Influx of YO-PRO-1 from the external medium into the cell exceeds that of propidium, consistent with many published studies. Both are much greater than the influx of calcein. In contrast, the normalized molar efflux of calcein from pre-loaded cells into the medium after electropermeabilization is roughly equivalent to the influx of YO-PRO-1 and propidium. These relative transport rates are correlated not with molecular size or cross-section, but rather with molecular charge polarity. Conclusions This comparison of the kinetics of molecular transport of three small, charged molecules across electropermeabilized cell membranes reveals a component of the mechanism of electroporation that is customarily taken into account only for the time during electric pulse delivery. The large differences between the influx rates of propidium and YO-PRO-1 (cations) and calcein (anion), and between the influx and efflux of calcein, suggest a significant role for the post-pulse transmembrane potential in the migration of ions and charged small molecules across permeabilized cell membranes, which has been largely neglected in models of electroporation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13628-018-0044-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin B Sözer
- 1Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, Ste. 300, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA
| | - C Florencia Pocetti
- 2Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Thomas Vernier
- 1Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, Ste. 300, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA
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249
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Moradi N, Rahimi M. Effect of simultaneous ultrasound/pulsed electric field pretreatments on the oil extraction from sunflower seeds. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1443131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Negin Moradi
- CFD Research Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Rahimi
- CFD Research Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Abstract
We present a microfluidic chip that enables electrofusion of cells in microdroplets, with exchange of nuclear components. It is shown, to our knowledge for the first time, electrofusion of two HL60 cells, inside a microdroplet. This is the crucial intermediate step for controlled hybridoma formation where a B cell is electrofused with a myeloma cell. We use a microfluidic device consisting of a microchannel structure in PDMS bonded to a glass substrate through which droplets with two differently stained HL60 cells are transported. An array of six recessed platinum electrode pairs is used for electrofusion. When applying six voltage pulses of 2–3 V, the membrane electrical field is about 1 MV/cm for 1 ms. This results in electrofusion of these cells with a fusion yield of around 5%. The operation with individual cell pairs, the appreciable efficiency and the potential to operate in high-throughput (up to 500 cells sec−1) makes the microdroplet fusion technology a promising platform for cell electrofusion, which has the potential to compete with the conventional methods. Besides, this platform is not restricted to cell fusion but is also applicable to various other cell-based assays such as single cell analysis and differentiation assays.
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