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Qu CC, Sun XY, Sun WX, Cao LX, Wang XQ, He ZZ. Flexible Wearables for Plants. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2104482. [PMID: 34796649 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The excellent stretchability and biocompatibility of flexible sensors have inspired an emerging field of plant wearables, which enable intimate contact with the plants to continuously monitor the growth status and localized microclimate in real-time. Plant flexible wearables provide a promising platform for the development of plant phenotype and the construction of intelligent agriculture via monitoring and regulating the critical physiological parameters and microclimate of plants. Here, the emerging applications of plant flexible wearables together with their pros and cons from four aspects, including physiological indicators, surrounding environment, crop quality, and active control of growth, are highlighted. Self-powered energy supply systems and signal transmission mechanisms are also elucidated. Furthermore, the future opportunities and challenges of plant wearables are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chun Qu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, China Agricultural University, Hainan, 572000, China
| | - Xu-Yang Sun
- School of Medical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Sun
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Cao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xi-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhi-Zhu He
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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202
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Fu F, Wang J, Tan Y, Yu J. Super-Hydrophilic Zwitterionic Polymer Surface Modification Facilitates Liquid Transportation of Microfluidic Sweat Sensors. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100776. [PMID: 34825435 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The transportation of sweat in an epidermal sweat sensor is critical for the monitoring of biochemical compositions of human sweat. However, it is still a challenge to engineer microfluidic devices with super-wetting channels for such epidermal sweat sensors. Herein, a zwitterionic poly (2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) modified microfluidic device with super-wetting and good liquid transport ability via an azo coupling reaction of PMPC onto the surface of polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic devices is reported. The obtained PMPC-modified microfluidic device can be integrated with flexible electrochemical sensor to measure the ion compositions of human sweat in real-time. The super-hydrophilic zwitterionic polymer surface modification can greatly facilitate the transportation of body fluids in microfluidic sensors for the detection of various biomarkers. Such microfluidic sensors have great potential for next-generation personalized healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Fu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jilei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yurong Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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203
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Niu S, Chang X, Zhu Z, Qin Z, Li J, Jiang Y, Wang D, Yang C, Gao Y, Sun S. Low-Temperature Wearable Strain Sensor Based on a Silver Nanowires/Graphene Composite with a Near-Zero Temperature Coefficient of Resistance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:55307-55318. [PMID: 34762410 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the exploration of wearable strain sensors that can work under subzero temperatures while simultaneously possessing anti-interference capability toward temperature is still a grand challenge. Herein, we present a low-temperature wearable strain sensor that is constructed via the incorporation of a Ag nanowires/graphene (Ag NWs/G) composite into the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer. The Ag NWs/G/PDMS strain sensor exhibits promising flexibility at a very low temperature (-40 °C), outstanding fatigue resistance with low hysteresis energy, and near-zero temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR). The Ag NWs/G/PDMS strain sensor shows excellent sensing performance under subzero temperatures with a very high gauge factor of 9156 under a strain of >36%, accompanied by a noninterference characteristic to temperature (-40 to 20 °C). The Ag NWs/G/PDMS strain sensor also demonstrates the feasibility of monitoring various human movements such as finger bending, arm waving, wrist rotation, and knee bending under both room temperature and low-temperature conditions. This work initiates a new promising strategy to construct next-generation wearable strain sensors that can work stably and effectively under very low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicong Niu
- Institute of Marine Materials Science and Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xueting Chang
- Institute of Marine Materials Science and Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhihao Zhu
- College of Logistics Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhiwei Qin
- College of Logistics Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- College of Logistics Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yingchang Jiang
- Institute of Marine Materials Science and Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Institute of Marine Materials Science and Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Chuanxiao Yang
- College of Logistics Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shibin Sun
- College of Logistics Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
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204
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Fan L, He Z, Peng X, Xie J, Su F, Wei DX, Zheng Y, Yao D. Injectable, Intrinsically Antibacterial Conductive Hydrogels with Self-Healing and pH Stimulus Responsiveness for Epidermal Sensors and Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:53541-53552. [PMID: 34726373 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Torealize intelligent and personalized medicine, it is a huge challenge to develop a hydrogel dressing that can be used as a sensor to monitor human health in real-time while promoting wound healing. Herein, an injectable, self-healing, and conductive chitosan-based (CPT) hydrogel with pH responsiveness and intrinsic antibacterial properties was fabricated via a Schiff base linkage and a hydrogen bond. Due to the introduction of Schiff base bonds, the injectable CPT hydrogel exhibits various excellent properties, such as pH responsiveness to sol-gel transition, self-healing properties, and broad-spectrum antibacterial properties even without additional antibacterial agents. In vitro experiments verify the excellent biocompatibility of the as-prepared hydrogel. An in vivo experiment in a mouse full-thickness skin-wound model was performed to confirm the outstanding effect on wound healing. Meanwhile, as epidermal sensors, the conductive hydrogel that perceives various human activities in real-time could provide the real-time analysis of the patient's healthcare information. Based on these excellent properties, the CPT hydrogel, as a biological dressing with a sensing function, lays a solid foundation for the further realization of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zhongjie He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jinliang Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Dai-Xu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
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205
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Park W, Yiu C, Liu Y, Wong TH, Huang X, Zhou J, Li J, Yao K, Huang Y, Li H, Li J, Jiao Y, Shi R, Yu X. High Channel Temperature Mapping Electronics in a Thin, Soft, Wireless Format for Non-Invasive Body Thermal Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11110435. [PMID: 34821651 PMCID: PMC8615861 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hemodynamic status has been perceived as an important diagnostic value as fundamental physiological health conditions, including decisive signs of fatal diseases like arteriosclerosis, can be diagnosed by monitoring it. Currently, the conventional hemodynamic monitoring methods highly rely on imaging techniques requiring inconveniently large numbers of operation procedures and equipment for mapping and with a high risk of radiation exposure. Herein, an ultra-thin, noninvasive, and flexible electronic skin (e-skin) hemodynamic monitoring system based on the thermal properties of blood vessels underneath the epidermis that can be portably attached to the skin for operation is introduced. Through a series of thermal sensors, the temperatures of each subsection of the arrayed sensors are observed in real-time, and the measurements are transmitted and displayed on the screen of an external device wirelessly through a Bluetooth module using a graphical user interface (GUI). The degrees of the thermal property of subsections are indicated with a spectrum of colors that specify the hemodynamic status of the target vessel. In addition, as the sensors are installed on a soft substrate, they can operate under twisting and bending without any malfunction. These characteristics of e-skin sensors exhibit great potential in wearable and portable diagnostics including point-of-care (POC) devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.P.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.H.W.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (R.S.)
| | - Chunki Yiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.P.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.H.W.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (R.S.)
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.P.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.H.W.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (R.S.)
| | - Tsz Hung Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.P.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.H.W.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (R.S.)
| | - Xingcan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.P.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.H.W.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (R.S.)
| | - Jingkun Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.P.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.H.W.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (R.S.)
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.P.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.H.W.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (R.S.)
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Kuanming Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.P.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.H.W.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (R.S.)
| | - Ya Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.P.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.H.W.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (R.S.)
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.P.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.H.W.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (R.S.)
| | - Jiyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.P.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.H.W.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (R.S.)
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yanli Jiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.P.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.H.W.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (R.S.)
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.P.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.H.W.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (R.S.)
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.P.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.H.W.); (X.H.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (R.S.)
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence:
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206
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Yang W, Gong W, Gu W, Liu Z, Hou C, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wang H. Self-Powered Interactive Fiber Electronics with Visual-Digital Synergies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104681. [PMID: 34558123 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fiber electronics with mechanosensory functionality are highly desirable in healthcare, human-machine interfaces, and robotics. Most efforts are committed to optimize the electronically readable interface of fiber mechanoreceptor, while the user interface based on naked-eye readable output is rarely explored. Here, a scalable fiber electronics that can simultaneously visualize and digitize the mechanical stimulus without external power supply, named self-powered optoelectronic synergistic fiber sensors (SOEFSs), are reported. By coupling of space and surface charge polarization, a new mechanoluminescent (ML)-triboelectric synergistic effect is realized. It contributes to remarkable enhancement of both electrical (by 100%) and optical output (by 30%), as well as novel temporal-spatial resolution mode for motion capturing. Based on entirely new thermoplastic ML material system and spinning process, industrial-level continuously manufacture and recycling processes of SOEFS are realized. Furthermore, SOEFSs' application in human-machine interface, virtual reality, and underwater sensing, rescue, and information interaction is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yaogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
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207
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3D Cross-linked Ti 3C 2T x-Ca-SA films with expanded Ti 3C 2T x interlayer spacing as freestanding electrode for all-solid-state flexible pseudocapacitor. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 610:295-303. [PMID: 34923268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ti3C2Tx, a member of the MXene, has attracted extensive interest because of its high conductivity, unique two-dimensional (2D) structure and intrinsic pseudocapacitance for supercapacitors. Flexible and freestanding Ti3C2Tx films are promising electrodes for functioned supercapacitors used in wearable and portable electronic devices. However, the severe self-restacking of 2D Ti3C2Tx nanosheets restraints their practical application. Herein, freestanding and flexible three-dimensional (3D) cross-linked Ti3C2Tx-Ca-SA (sodium alginate) films with expanded Ti3C2Tx interlayer spacing are reported. The expanded interlayer spacing allows more electrolyte ions to quickly intercalate providing more intercalation pseudocapacitance, while the 3D cross-linked microstructure ensures a continuous conductive network facilitating charges transport. Attributing to the unique structure, the Ti3C2Tx-Ca-SA film delivers an outstanding areal capacitance (633 mF cm-2 at 5 mV s-1). Meanwhile, the assembled all-solid-state pseudocapacitor shows good flexibility and capacity stability under various bending conditions. The device exhibits a high energy density up to 12.6 µWh cm-2 at the power density of 375 µW cm-2 and excellent cycling stability, which are much better than prior reported state-of-the-art supercapacitors. This research exploits a simple method to optimize the structure of MXene as state-of-the-art electrodes for high-performance flexible energy-storage devices.
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208
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Zeng Y, Wu W. Synthesis of 2D Ti 3C 2T x MXene and MXene-based composites for flexible strain and pressure sensors. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:893-906. [PMID: 34611677 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00317h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As an important device in flexible and wearable microelectronics, flexible sensors have gained a lot of attention due to their wide application in human motion monitoring, human-computer interactions and healthcare fields. The preparation of flexible sensors with superior sensing performance and a simple process is still a challenging goal pursued by scientific researchers all over the world. The emerging two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2Tx MXene material, having the characteristics of high metallic conductivity, good flexibility, excellent dispersibility and hydrophilicity, is suitable for flexible sensors as a conductive sensing material. In this review, the preparation strategies of Ti3C2Tx are summarized. Combined with its research progress in flexible sensors, the preparation methods, sensing performance, working mechanism and applications of Ti3C2Tx flexible sensors with different device architectures are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zeng
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
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209
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He X, He X, He H, Liang S, Liu Z, Liang J, Xin Y, Yang W, Chen Y, Zhang C. Large-Scale, Cuttable, Full Tissue-Based Capacitive Pressure Sensor for the Detection of Human Physiological Signals and Pressure Distribution. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:27208-27215. [PMID: 34693140 PMCID: PMC8529690 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for flexible and wearable electronics has promoted the rapid development of the pressure sensors capable of monitoring diverse human movements and physiological signals. However, more and more research requires the pressure sensor to possess high sensing performance and desires the fabrication to exhibit the characteristics of low cost, large-scale production, high reproduction, even disposability. Here, we propose a full tissue-based capacitive pressure sensor with a sandwiched structure consisting of two MXene-coated tissue electrodes and a blank tissue dielectric layer. The tight contact and adequate adsorption of the MXene sheets with the cellulose fibers endow the electrode with uniform conductivity and high stability over a large area. In addition, the flexible sensor could be conveniently cut into any shape and size to meet the diverse application requirements. Thereby, the pressure sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 0.051 kPa-1 (<7 kPa), a wide detection range of 0.02-160 kPa, a fast response (∼100 ms), and good repeatability. The flexible device has been demonstrated to monitor a variety of human activities and physical stimuli. The assembled sensor array can accurately and reliably detect the pressure distribution.
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210
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Chen CK, Chen PW, Wang HJ, Yeh MY. Alkyl Chain Length Effects of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids on Electrical and Mechanical Performances of Polyacrylamide/Alginate-Based Hydrogels. Gels 2021; 7:164. [PMID: 34698178 PMCID: PMC8544473 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels with stretchable, flexible and wearable properties have made significant contributions in the area of modern electronics. The polyacrylamide/alginate hydrogels are one of the potential emerging materials for application in a diverse range of fields because of their high stretch and toughness. However, most researchers focus on the investigation of their mechanical and swelling behaviors, and the adhesion and effects of the ionic liquids on the conductivities of polyacrylamide/alginate hydrogels are much less explored. Herein, methacrylated lysine and different alkyl chain substituted imidazole-based monomers (IMCx, x = 2, 4, 6 and 8) were introduced to prepare a series of novel pAMAL-IMCx-Ca hydrogels. We systematically investigated their macroscopic and microscopic properties through tensile tests, electrochemical impedance spectra and scanning electron microscopy, as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and demonstrated that an alkyl chain length of the IMCx plays an important role in the designing of hydrogel strain sensors. The experiment result shows that the hexyl chains of IMC6 can effectively entangle with LysMA through hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, which significantly enhance the mechanical strength of the hydrogels. Furthermore, the different strain rates and the durability of the pAMAL-IMC6-Ca hydrogel were investigated and the relative resistance responses remain almost the same in both conditions, making it a potential candidate for wearable strain sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Kang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Zhongbei Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan; (C.-K.C.); (P.-W.C.); (H.-J.W.)
| | - Po-Wen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Zhongbei Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan; (C.-K.C.); (P.-W.C.); (H.-J.W.)
| | - Huan-Jung Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Zhongbei Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan; (C.-K.C.); (P.-W.C.); (H.-J.W.)
| | - Mei-Yu Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Zhongbei Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan; (C.-K.C.); (P.-W.C.); (H.-J.W.)
- Center for Nano Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Zhongbei Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan
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211
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Zhu G, Ren P, Hu J, Yang J, Jia Y, Chen Z, Ren F, Gao J. Flexible and Anisotropic Strain Sensors with the Asymmetrical Cross-Conducting Network for Versatile Bio-Mechanical Signal Recognition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44925-44934. [PMID: 34496570 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flexible strain sensors with high performance are actively and widely investigated for wearable electronic devices. However, the conventional sensors often suffer from a lack of detection of complex multidimensional strain, which severely limits their wide applications. To overcome this critical challenge, we propose a pattern design by screen printing to construct an asymmetrical cross-conductive network in the piezoresistive strain sensor, which can enhance the response to external stimuli in different directions. The unique network endows the prepared sensors with the excellent ability of instantaneous detection and accurate identification of multidimensional strains. Moreover, the sensor also demonstrates high sensitivity, fast response, an ultra-wide sensing range, and excellent stability and durability. Benefiting from the outstanding comprehensive performance of the prepared sensor, a full range of human actions (wink, smile, swallowing, and joint bending) and subtle bio-signals (pulse and breathing) are easily and accurately monitored. A wireless wearable device assembled by the sensor shows great potential applications in practical real-time physiological monitoring and intelligent mobile diagnosis for humans. This work provides an innovative and effective strategy for manufacturing flexible and multifunctional strain sensors to fully satisfy versatile applications of new-generation wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Penggang Ren
- The Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Jie Hu
- The Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Junjun Yang
- The Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Yangpeng Jia
- Faculty of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Zhengyan Chen
- The Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Fang Ren
- The Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Jiefeng Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
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212
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Manjakkal L, Yin L, Nathan A, Wang J, Dahiya R. Energy Autonomous Sweat-Based Wearable Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100899. [PMID: 34247412 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The continuous operation of wearable electronics demands reliable sources of energy, currently met through Li-ion batteries and various energy harvesters. These solutions are being used out of necessity despite potential safety issues and unsustainable environmental impact. Safe and sustainable energy sources can boost the use of wearables systems in diverse applications such as health monitoring, prosthetics, and sports. In this regard, sweat- and sweat-equivalent-based studies have attracted tremendous attention through the demonstration of energy-generating biofuel cells, promising power densities as high as 3.5 mW cm-2 , storage using sweat-electrolyte-based supercapacitors with energy and power densities of 1.36 Wh kg-1 and 329.70 W kg-1 , respectively, and sweat-activated batteries with an impressive energy density of 67 Ah kg-1 . A combination of these energy generating, and storage devices can lead to fully energy-autonomous wearables capable of providing sustainable power in the µW to mW range, which is sufficient to operate both sensing and communication devices. Here, a comprehensive review covering these advances, addressing future challenges and potential solutions related to fully energy-autonomous wearables is presented, with emphasis on sweat-based energy storage and energy generation elements along with sweat-based sensors as applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libu Manjakkal
- Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of Nanoengineering, Centre of Wearable Sensors, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Arokia Nathan
- Darwin College, University of Cambridge, Silver Street, Cambridge, CB3 9EU, UK
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, Centre of Wearable Sensors, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ravinder Dahiya
- Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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213
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New tools of Electrochemistry at the service of (bio)sensing: From rational designs to electrocatalytic mechanisms. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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214
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Li Y, Liu Y, Chen L, Xu J. A Conformable, Gas-Permeable, and Transparent Skin-Like Micromesh Architecture for Glucose Monitoring. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100046. [PMID: 34263551 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring the concentration of useful biomarkers via electronic skins (e-skins) is highly important for the development of wearable health management systems. While some biosensor e-skins with high flexibility, sensitivity, and stability have been developed, little attention has been paid to their long-term comfortability and optical transparency. Here, a conformable, gas permeable, and transparent skin-like Cu2 O@Ni micromesh structural glucose monitoring patch is reported. With its self-supporting micromesh structure, the skin-like glucose monitoring patch exhibits excellent shape conformability, high gas permeability, and high optical transmittance. The skin-like glucose biosensor achieves real-time monitoring of glucose concentrations with high sensitivity (15 420 µA cm- 2 mM- 1 ), low detection limit (50 nM), fast response time (<2 s), high selectivity, and long-term stability. These desirable performance properties arise from the synergistic effects of the self-supporting micromesh configuration, high conductivity of the metallic Ni micromesh, and high electrocatalytic activities of the Cu2 O toward glucose. This work presents a versatile and efficient strategy for constructing conformable, gas permeable, and transparent biosensor e-skins with excellent practicability towards wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Lei Li
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Hua Liu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 P. R. China
| | - Lin‐Sen Chen
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Long Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
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215
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Pakharenko V, Mukherjee S, Dias OAT, Wu C, Manion J, Singh CV, Seferos D, Tjong J, Oksman K, Sain M. Thermoconformational Behavior of Cellulose Nanofiber Films as a Device Substrate and Their Superior Flexibility and Durability to Glass. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:40853-40862. [PMID: 34403248 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The design and high-throughput manufacturing of thin renewable energy devices with high structural and atomic configurational stability are crucial for the fabrication of green electronics. Yet, this concept is still in its infancy. In this work, we report the extraordinary durability of thin molecular interlayered organic flexible energy devices based on chemically tuned cellulose nanofiber transparent films that outperform glass by decreasing the substrate weight by 50%. The nanofabricated flexible thin film has an exceptionally low thermal coefficient of expansion of 1.8 ppm/K and a stable atomic configuration under a harsh fabrication condition (over 190 °C for an extended period of 5 h). A flexible optoelectronic device using the same renewable cellulose nanofiber film substrate was found to be functionally operational over a life span of 5 years under an intermittent operating condition. The success of this device's stability opens up an entirely new frontier of applications of flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Pakharenko
- Center for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing, Graduate Department of Forestry, John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto M5S3E8, Canada
| | - Sankha Mukherjee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto M5S3E4, Canada
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Otavio Augusto Titton Dias
- Center for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing, Graduate Department of Forestry, John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto M5S3E8, Canada
| | - Crystal Wu
- Center for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing, Graduate Department of Forestry, John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto M5S3E8, Canada
| | - Joseph Manion
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Chandra Veer Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto M5S3E4, Canada
| | - Dwight Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Jimi Tjong
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S3G8, Canada
| | - Kristiina Oksman
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S3G8, Canada
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
| | - Mohini Sain
- Center for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing, Graduate Department of Forestry, John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto M5S3E8, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S3G8, Canada
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216
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Lyu Q, Gong S, Yin J, Dyson JM, Cheng W. Soft Wearable Healthcare Materials and Devices. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100577. [PMID: 34019737 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In spite of advances in electronics and internet technologies, current healthcare remains hospital-centred. Disruptive technologies are required to translate state-of-art wearable devices into next-generation patient-centered diagnosis and therapy. In this review, recent advances in the emerging field of soft wearable materials and devices are summarized. A prerequisite for such future healthcare devices is the need of novel materials to be mechanically compliant, electrically conductive, and biologically compatible. It is begun with an overview of the two viable design strategies reported in the literatures, which is followed by description of state-of-the-art wearable healthcare devices for monitoring physical, electrophysiological, chemical, and biological signals. Self-powered wearable bioenergy devices are also covered and sensing systems, as well as feedback-controlled wearable closed-loop biodiagnostic and therapy systems. Finally, it is concluded with an overall summary and future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxia Lyu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Shu Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Jialiang Yin
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Jennifer M. Dyson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Biomedicine Discovery Institute Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
- Faculty of Engineering Monash Institute of Medical Engineering (MIME) Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
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217
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Self-healing Ionic Liquid-based Electronics and Beyond. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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218
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Searchfield GD, Sanders PJ, Doborjeh Z, Doborjeh M, Boldu R, Sun K, Barde A. A State-of-Art Review of Digital Technologies for the Next Generation of Tinnitus Therapeutics. Front Digit Health 2021; 3:724370. [PMID: 34713191 PMCID: PMC8522011 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2021.724370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Digital processing has enabled the development of several generations of technology for tinnitus therapy. The first digital generation was comprised of digital Hearing Aids (HAs) and personal digital music players implementing already established sound-based therapies, as well as text based information on the internet. In the second generation Smart-phone applications (apps) alone or in conjunction with HAs resulted in more therapy options for users to select from. The 3rd generation of digital tinnitus technologies began with the emergence of many novel, largely neurophysiologically-inspired, treatment theories that drove development of processing; enabled through HAs, apps, the internet and stand-alone devices. We are now of the cusp of a 4th generation that will incorporate physiological sensors, multiple transducers and AI to personalize therapies. Aim: To review technologies that will enable the next generations of digital therapies for tinnitus. Methods: A "state-of-the-art" review was undertaken to answer the question: what digital technology could be applied to tinnitus therapy in the next 10 years? Google Scholar and PubMed were searched for the 10-year period 2011-2021. The search strategy used the following key words: "tinnitus" and ["HA," "personalized therapy," "AI" (and "methods" or "applications"), "Virtual reality," "Games," "Sensors" and "Transducers"], and "Hearables." Snowballing was used to expand the search from the identified papers. The results of the review were cataloged and organized into themes. Results: This paper identified digital technologies and research on the development of smart therapies for tinnitus. AI methods that could have tinnitus applications are identified and discussed. The potential of personalized treatments and the benefits of being able to gather data in ecologically valid settings are outlined. Conclusions: There is a huge scope for the application of digital technology to tinnitus therapy, but the uncertain mechanisms underpinning tinnitus present a challenge and many posited therapeutic approaches may not be successful. Personalized AI modeling based on biometric measures obtained through various sensor types, and assessments of individual psychology and lifestyles should result in the development of smart therapy platforms for tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant D. Searchfield
- Section of Audiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Eisdell Moore Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Philip J. Sanders
- Section of Audiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Eisdell Moore Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zohreh Doborjeh
- Section of Audiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Eisdell Moore Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maryam Doborjeh
- School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Roger Boldu
- Augmented Human Laboratory, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Sun
- Section of Audiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Amit Barde
- Empathic Computing Laboratory, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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219
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Kim H, Choi J, Kim KK, Won P, Hong S, Ko SH. Biomimetic chameleon soft robot with artificial crypsis and disruptive coloration skin. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4658. [PMID: 34376680 PMCID: PMC8355336 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24916-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of an artificial camouflage at a complete device level remains a vastly challenging task, especially under the aim of achieving more advanced and natural camouflage characteristics via high-resolution camouflage patterns. Our strategy is to integrate a thermochromic liquid crystal layer with the vertically stacked, patterned silver nanowire heaters in a multilayer structure to overcome the limitations of the conventional lateral pixelated scheme through the superposition of the heater-induced temperature profiles. At the same time, the weaknesses of thermochromic camouflage schemes are resolved in this study by utilizing the temperature-dependent resistance of the silver nanowire network as the process variable of the active control system. Combined with the active control system and sensing units, the complete device chameleon model successfully retrieves the local background color and matches its surface color instantaneously with natural transition characteristics to be a competent option for a next-generation artificial camouflage. Realizing an artificial camouflage device with a high spatial resolution by adapting to the surrounding environment in real-time is a challenging task, mainly associated with device fabrication and integration with sensor and control circuits. To overcome these limitations, the authors utilize thermochromic liquid crystal ink that reacts to the feedback control system of the vertically stacked silver nanowire heater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok Kim
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joonhwa Choi
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyun Kyu Kim
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Phillip Won
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sukjoon Hong
- Optical Nanoprocessing Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. .,Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design (SNU-IAMD)/Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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220
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Zhao K, Wang Y, Zhang S, Niu W. Highly Flexible, Multicolored, and Multifunctional Single-Fiber-Based Microsensors for UV, Temperature, and Infrared Detection. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, West Campus, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, West Campus, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, West Campus, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenbin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, West Campus, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
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221
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Barbieri D, Giuliani E, Del Prete A, Losi A, Villani M, Barbieri A. How Artificial Intelligence and New Technologies Can Help the Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147648. [PMID: 34300099 PMCID: PMC8303245 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has worked as a catalyst, pushing governments, private companies, and healthcare facilities to design, develop, and adopt innovative solutions to control it, as is often the case when people are driven by necessity. After 18 months since the first case, it is time to think about the pros and cons of such technologies, including artificial intelligence—which is probably the most complex and misunderstood by non-specialists—in order to get the most out of them, and to suggest future improvements and proper adoption. The aim of this narrative review was to select the relevant papers that directly address the adoption of artificial intelligence and new technologies in the management of pandemics and communicable diseases such as SARS-CoV-2: environmental measures; acquisition and sharing of knowledge in the general population and among clinicians; development and management of drugs and vaccines; remote psychological support of patients; remote monitoring, diagnosis, and follow-up; and maximization and rationalization of human and material resources in the hospital environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barbieri
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Enrico Giuliani
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neuroscience Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Anna Del Prete
- School of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Amanda Losi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neuroscience Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0598721234 (ext. 41125)
| | - Matteo Villani
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Azienda USL Piacenza, Via Antonio Anguissola 15, 29121 Piacenza, Italy;
| | - Alberto Barbieri
- School of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.P.); (A.B.)
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222
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Mullin WJ, Sharber SA, Thomas SW. Optimizing the
self‐assembly
of conjugated polymers and small molecules through structurally programmed
non‐covalent
control. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth A. Sharber
- Department of Chemistry Tufts University Medford Massachusetts USA
- Aramco Services Company, Aramco Research Center Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Samuel W. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry Tufts University Medford Massachusetts USA
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223
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Zhang K, Zhang J, Wang F, Kong D. Stretchable and Superwettable Colorimetric Sensing Patch for Epidermal Collection and Analysis of Sweat. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2261-2269. [PMID: 34048231 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stretchable and wearable sensors allow intimate integration with the human body for health and fitness monitoring. In addition to the acquisition of various physical parameters, quantitative analysis of chemical biomarkers present in sweat may provide vital insights into the physiological state of an individual. A widely investigated system utilizes electrochemical techniques for continuous monitoring of these biomarkers. The required supporting electronics and batteries are often challenging to form a deformable system. In this study, an intrinsically stretchable sensing patch is developed with compliant mechanical properties for conformal attachment to the skin and reliable collection of sweat. In these patches, superhydrophilic colorimetric assays consisting of thermoplastic polyurethane nanofiber textiles decorated with silica nanoparticles are assembled over a styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene-based superhydrophobic substrate, thereby generating a large wettability contrast to efficiently concentrate the sweat. The system supports multiplexed colorimetric analysis of sweat to quantify pH and ion concentrations with images acquired using smartphones, in which the influence of ambient lighting conditions is largely compensated with a set of reference color markers. Successful demonstrations of in situ analysis of sweat after physical exercises effectively illustrate the practical suitability of the sensing patch, which is attractive for advanced health monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and competitive sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuikui Zhang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiaxue Zhang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Fenfang Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Desheng Kong
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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224
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Du X, Zhai J, Li X, Zhang Y, Li N, Xie X. Hydrogel-Based Optical Ion Sensors: Principles and Challenges for Point-of-Care Testing and Environmental Monitoring. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1990-2001. [PMID: 34044533 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel is a unique family of biocompatible materials with growing applications in chemical and biological sensors. During the past few decades, various hydrogel-based optical ion sensors have been developed aiming at point-of-care testing and environmental monitoring. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of the research field including topics such as photonic crystals, DNAzyme cross-linked hydrogels, ionophore-based ion sensing hydrogels, and fluoroionophore-based optodes. As the different sensing principles are summarized, each strategy offers its advantages and limitations. In a nutshell, developing optical ion sensing hydrogels is still in the early stage with many opportunities lying ahead, especially with challenges in selectivity, assay time, detection limit, and usability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Du
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jingying Zhai
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yupu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Niping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaojiang Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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225
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Hozumi S, Honda S, Arie T, Akita S, Takei K. Multimodal Wearable Sensor Sheet for Health-Related Chemical and Physical Monitoring. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1918-1924. [PMID: 33876933 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Continuous multiple data health monitoring has high potential to detect abnormal conditions or early stages of diseases in the future. To monitor a continuous small vital signal, one of the promising architectures is an attachable flexible multimodal sensor system, which can detect multiple health conditions from the skin surface. Recent breakthroughs have realized continuous sweat chemicals or physical conditions using flexible sensors. However, multimodal sensor integration to monitor chemical and physical information simultaneously and precisely is still a challenge. In this study, we present a multimodal wearable sensor sheet, which allows us to monitor sweat glucose, electrocardiograms, and skin temperature. Furthermore, to prevent the accumulation of glucose on the sensor surface for precise monitoring, a fluidic channel is also integrated to refresh the sweat from the sensor surface, resulting in the precise measurement of chemical substances in real time. This multimodal and flexible sensor platform takes a significant step toward realizing wearable healthcare applications to diagnose the early stages of diseases in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Hozumi
- Deparment of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Satoko Honda
- Deparment of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takayuki Arie
- Deparment of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Seiji Akita
- Deparment of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kuniharu Takei
- Deparment of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- JST PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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226
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Sempionatto JR, Moon JM, Wang J. Touch-Based Fingertip Blood-Free Reliable Glucose Monitoring: Personalized Data Processing for Predicting Blood Glucose Concentrations. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1875-1883. [PMID: 33872007 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes prevalence has been rising exponentially, increasing the need for reliable noninvasive approaches for glucose monitoring. Different biofluids have been explored recently for replacing current blood finger-stick glucose strips with noninvasive painless sensing devices. While sweat has received considerable attention, there are mixed reports on correlating the sweat results with blood glucose levels. Here, we demonstrate a new rapid and reliable approach that combines a simple touch-based fingertip sweat electrochemical sensor with a new algorithm that addresses for personal variations toward the accurate estimate of blood glucose concentrations. The new painless and simple glucose self-testing protocol leverages the fast sweat rate on the fingertip for rapid assays of natural perspiration, without any sweat stimulation, along with the personalized sweat-response-to-blood concentration translation. A reliable estimate of the blood glucose sensing concentrations can thus be realized through a simple one-time personal precalibration. Such system training leads to a substantially improved accuracy with a Pearson correlation coefficient higher than 0.95, along with an overall mean absolute relative difference of 7.79%, with 100% paired points residing in the A + B region of the Clarke error grid. The speed and simplicity of the touch-based blood-free fingertip sweat assay, and the elimination of periodic blood calibrations, should lead to frequent self-testing of glucose and enhanced patient compliance toward the improved management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane R. Sempionatto
- Department Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jong-Min Moon
- Department Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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227
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Zighem F, Faurie D. A review on nanostructured thin films on flexible substrates: links between strains and magnetic properties. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:233002. [PMID: 33973532 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abe96c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a topical review of work on systems based on magnetic nanostructured thin films on polymer substrates. This topic has indeed experienced a significant growth in the last ten years. Several studies show a strong potential of these systems for a number of applications requiring functionalities on non-planar surfaces. However, the deformations necessary for this type of applications are likely to modify their magnetic properties, and the relationships between strain fields, potential damages and functional properties must be well understood. This review focuses both on the development of techniques dedicated to this research, on the synthesis of the experimental results obtained over the last ten years and on the perspectives related to stretchable or flexible magnetoelectric systems. In particular, the article focuses on the links between magnetic behavior and the strain field developing during the whole history of these systems (elaboration, reversible and irreversible loading).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zighem
- LSPM-CNRS, UPR3407, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93430, Villetaneuse, France
| | - D Faurie
- LSPM-CNRS, UPR3407, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93430, Villetaneuse, France
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228
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Abstract
In science and technology today, the crucial importance of the regulation of nanoscale objects and structures is well recognized. The production of functional material systems using nanoscale units can be achieved via the fusion of nanotechnology with the other research disciplines. This task is a part of the emerging concept of nanoarchitectonics, which is a concept moving beyond the area of nanotechnology. The concept of nanoarchitectonics is supposed to involve the architecting of functional materials using nanoscale units based on the principles of nanotechnology. In this focus article, the essences of nanotechnology and nanoarchitectonics are first explained, together with their historical backgrounds. Then, several examples of material production based on the concept of nanoarchitectonics are introduced via several approaches: (i) from atomic switches to neuromorphic networks; (ii) from atomic nanostructure control to environmental and energy applications; (iii) from interfacial processes to devices; and (iv) from biomolecular assemblies to life science. Finally, perspectives relating to the final goals of the nanoarchitectonics approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- WPI Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan. and Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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229
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Roy A, Kar S, Ghosal R, Naskar K, Bhowmick AK. Flourishing an Electrochemical Synthetic Route toward Carbon Black-Intercalated Graphene As a Neoteric Hybrid Nanofiller for Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Roy
- Rubber Technology Centre, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Saptarshi Kar
- Birla Carbon India Private Limited, MIDC Taloja, Mumbai, Maharashtra 410208, India
| | - Ranjan Ghosal
- Birla Carbon India Private Limited, MIDC Taloja, Mumbai, Maharashtra 410208, India
| | - Kinsuk Naskar
- Rubber Technology Centre, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Anil K. Bhowmick
- Rubber Technology Centre, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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230
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Reda A, El-Safty SA, Selim MM, Shenashen MA. Optical glucose biosensor built-in disposable strips and wearable electronic devices. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 185:113237. [PMID: 33932881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
On-demand screening, real-time monitoring and rapid diagnosis of ubiquitous diseases, such as diabetes, at early stages are indispensable in personalised treatment. Emerging impacts of nano/microscale materials on optical and portable biosensor strips and devices have become increasingly important in the remarkable development of sensitive visualisation (i.e. visible inspection by the human eye) assays, low-cost analyses and personalised home testing of patients with diabetes. With the increasing public attention regarding the self-monitoring of diabetes, the development of visual readout, easy-to-use and wearable biosensors has gained considerable interest. Our comprehensive review bridges the practical assessment gap between optical bio-visualisation assays, disposable test strips, sensor array designs and full integration into flexible skin-based or contact lens devices with the on-site wireless signal transmission of glucose detection in physiological fluids. To date, the fully modulated integration of nano/microscale optical biosensors into wearable electronic devices, such as smartphones, is critical to prolong periods of indoor and outdoor clinical diagnostics. Focus should be given to the improvements of invasive, wireless and portable sensing technologies to improve the applicability and reliability of screen display, continuous monitoring, dynamic data visualisation, online acquisition and self and in-home healthcare management of patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Reda
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Sherif A El-Safty
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan.
| | - Mahmoud M Selim
- Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 173, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Shenashen
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
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231
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Sampling of fluid through skin with magnetohydrodynamics for noninvasive glucose monitoring. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7609. [PMID: 33828144 PMCID: PMC8027418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Out of 463 million people currently with diabetes, 232 million remain undiagnosed. Diabetes is a threat to human health, which could be mitigated via continuous self-monitoring of glucose. In addition to blood, interstitial fluid is considered to be a representative sample for glucose monitoring, which makes it highly attractive for wearable on-body sensing. However, new technologies are needed for efficient and noninvasive sampling of interstitial fluid through the skin. In this report, we introduce the use of Lorentz force and magnetohydrodynamics to noninvasively extract dermal interstitial fluid. Using porcine skin as an ex-vivo model, we demonstrate that the extraction rate of magnetohydrodynamics is superior to that of reverse iontophoresis. This work seeks to provide a safe, effective, and noninvasive sampling method to unlock the potential of wearable sensors in needle-free continuous glucose monitoring devices that can benefit people living with diabetes.
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232
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High-Performance Wearable Strain Sensor Based on MXene@Cotton Fabric with Network Structure. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11040889. [PMID: 33807249 PMCID: PMC8065457 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Flexible and comfortable wearable electronics are as a second skin for humans as they can collect the physiology of humans and show great application in health and fitness monitoring. MXene Ti3C2Tx have been used in flexible electronic devices for their unique properties such as high conductivity, excellent mechanical performance, flexibility, and good hydrophilicity, but less research has focused on MXene-based cotton fabric strain sensors. In this work, a high-performance wearable strain sensor composed of two-dimensional (2D) MXene d-Ti3C2Tx nanomaterials and cotton fabric is reported. Cotton fabrics were selected as substrate as they are comfortable textiles. As the active material in the sensor, MXene d-Ti3C2Tx exhibited an excellent conductivity and hydrophilicity and adhered well to the fabric fibers by electrostatic adsorption. The gauge factor of the MXene@cotton fabric strain sensor reached up to 4.11 within the strain range of 15%. Meanwhile, the sensor possessed high durability (>500 cycles) and a low strain detection limit of 0.3%. Finally, the encapsulated strain sensor was used to detect subtle or large body movements and exhibited a rapid response. This study shows that the MXene@cotton fabric strain sensor reported here have great potential for use in flexible, comfortable, and wearable devices for health monitoring and motion detection.
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233
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Song L, Zhang Z, Xun X, Xu L, Gao F, Zhao X, Kang Z, Liao Q, Zhang Y. Fully Organic Self-Powered Electronic Skin with Multifunctional and Highly Robust Sensing Capability. RESEARCH 2021; 2021:9801832. [PMID: 33693434 PMCID: PMC7919137 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9801832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin) with skin-like flexibility and tactile sensation will promote the great advancements in the fields of wearable equipment. Thus, the multifunction and high robustness are two important requirements for sensing capability of the e-skin. Here, a fully organic self-powered e-skin (FOSE-skin) based on the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is developed. FOSE-skin based on TENG can be fully self-healed within 10 hours after being sheared by employing the self-healing polymer as a triboelectric layer and ionic liquid with the temperature sensitivity as an electrode. FOSE-skin based on TENG has the multifunctional and highly robust sensing capability and can sense the pressure and temperature simultaneously. The sensing capability of the FOSE-skin based on TENG can be highly robust with no changes after self-healing. FOSE-skin based on TENG can be employed to detect the arm swing, the temperature change of flowing water, and the motion trajectory. This work provides a new idea for solving the issues of monofunctional and low robust sensing capability for FOSE-skin based on TENG, which can further promote the application of wearable electronics in soft robotics and bionic prosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.,State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.,State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaochen Xun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.,State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liangxu Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.,State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fangfang Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.,State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.,State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhuo Kang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.,State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qingliang Liao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.,State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.,State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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234
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Facile and rapid one-step mass production of flexible 3D porous graphene nanozyme electrode via direct laser-writing for intelligent evaluation of fish freshness. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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235
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Huang H, Han L, Fu X, Wang Y, Yang Z, Pan L, Xu M. A Powder Self-Healable Hydrogel Electrolyte for Flexible Hybrid Supercapacitors with High Energy Density and Sustainability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006807. [PMID: 33590690 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ionic conductive hydrogel electrolyte is considered to be an ideal electrolyte candidate for flexible supercapacitor due to its flexibility and high conductivity. However, due to the lack of effective recycling methods, a large number of ineffective flexible hydrogel supercapacitors caused by some irreversible damages and dryness of hydrogel electrolyte are abandoned, which would induce heavy economic and environmental protection problems. Herein,a smart ionic conductive hydrogel (SPMA-Zn: ZnSO4 /sodium alginate/polymethylacrylic acid) is developed for flexible hybrid supercapacitor (SPMA-ZHS). The SPMA-Zn exhibits an excellent self-healing ability and can recover its electrochemical performance after multiple mechanical damages. More importantly, it possesses an outstanding powder self-healable property, which could easily regenerate the hydrogel electrolyte after powdering, and maintain stable electrochemical performance of SPMA-ZHS. Besides, the SPMA-ZHS displays excellent electrochemical performance with a wide and stable working voltage range of 0-2.2 V, high energy density of 164.13 Wh kg-1 at the power density of 1283.44 Wh kg-1 and good stability with a capacity retention of 95.3% after 5000 charge/discharge cycles at 10 A g-1 . The strategy in this work would provide a new insight in exploring flexible hydrogel electrolyte-based supercapacitor with good sustainability and high energy density for flexible wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Huang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Lu Han
- School of Physics and Electronic Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Fu
- Department of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Zhongli Yang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Likun Pan
- School of Physics and Electronic Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Min Xu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
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236
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Ha M, Cañón Bermúdez GS, Kosub T, Mönch I, Zabila Y, Oliveros Mata ES, Illing R, Wang Y, Fassbender J, Makarov D. Printable and Stretchable Giant Magnetoresistive Sensors for Highly Compliant and Skin-Conformal Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005521. [PMID: 33533129 PMCID: PMC11469064 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Highly compliant electronics, naturally conforming to human skin, represent a paradigm shift in the interplay with the surroundings. Solution-processable printing technologies are yet to be developed to comply with requirements to mechanical conformability of on-skin appliances. Here, it is demonstrated that high-performance spintronic elements can be printed on ultrathin 3 µm thick polymeric foils enabling the mechanically imperceptible printed magnetoelectronics, which can adapt to the periodic buckling surface to be biaxially stretched over 100%. They constitute the first example of printed and stretchable giant magnetoresistive sensors, revealing 2 orders of magnitude improvements in mechanical stability and sensitivity at small magnetic fields, compared to the state-of-the-art printed magnetoelectronics. The key enabler of this performance enhancement is the use of elastomeric triblock copolymers as a binder for the magnetosensitive paste. Even when bent to a radius of 16 µm, the sensors printed on ultrathin foils remain intact and possess unmatched sensitivity for printed magnetoelectronics of 3 T-1 in a low magnetic field of 0.88 mT. The compliant printed sensors can be used as components of on-skin interactive electronics as it is demonstrated with a touchless control of virtual objects including zooming in and out of interactive maps and scrolling through electronic documents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Ha
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf e.V.Bautzner Landstrasse 400Dresden01328Germany
| | - Gilbert Santiago Cañón Bermúdez
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf e.V.Bautzner Landstrasse 400Dresden01328Germany
| | - Tobias Kosub
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf e.V.Bautzner Landstrasse 400Dresden01328Germany
| | - Ingolf Mönch
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf e.V.Bautzner Landstrasse 400Dresden01328Germany
| | - Yevhen Zabila
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf e.V.Bautzner Landstrasse 400Dresden01328Germany
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear PhysicsPolish Academy of SciencesKrakow31‐342Poland
| | - Eduardo Sergio Oliveros Mata
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf e.V.Bautzner Landstrasse 400Dresden01328Germany
| | - Rico Illing
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf e.V.Bautzner Landstrasse 400Dresden01328Germany
| | - Yakun Wang
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf e.V.Bautzner Landstrasse 400Dresden01328Germany
| | - Jürgen Fassbender
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf e.V.Bautzner Landstrasse 400Dresden01328Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf e.V.Bautzner Landstrasse 400Dresden01328Germany
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237
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Khatib M, Zohar O, Haick H. Self-Healing Soft Sensors: From Material Design to Implementation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004190. [PMID: 33533124 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The demand for interfacing electronics in everyday life is rapidly accelerating, with an ever-growing number of applications in wearable electronics and electronic skins for robotics, prosthetics, and other purposes. Soft sensors that efficiently detect environmental or biological/physiological stimuli have been extensively studied due to their essential role in creating the necessary interfaces for these applications. Unfortunately, due to their natural softness, these sensors are highly sensitive to structural and mechanical damage. The integration of natural properties, such as self-healing, into these systems should improve their reliability, stability, and long-term performance. Recent studies on self-healing soft sensors for varying chemical and physical parameters are herein reviewed. In addition, contemporary studies on material design, device structure, and fabrication methods for sensing platforms are also discussed. Finally, the main challenges and future perspectives in this field are introduced, while focusing on the most promising examples and directions already reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khatib
- The Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Orr Zohar
- The Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Hossam Haick
- The Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
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238
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Gong M, Yue L, Kong J, Lin X, Zhang L, Wang J, Wang D. Knittable and Sewable Spandex Yarn with Nacre-Mimetic Composite Coating for Wearable Health Monitoring and Thermo- and Antibacterial Therapies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:9053-9063. [PMID: 33583174 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The emerging personal healthcare has significantly propelled the development of advanced wearable electronics with novel functions of providing diagnostic information and point-of-care therapies for specific diseases. However, it is still challenging to simultaneously achieve high sensitivity for health biomonitoring and multifunction integration for point-of-care therapies in a one single flexible, lightweight yet robust fiber-based device. Here, a knittable and sewable spandex yarn with conductive nacre-mimetic composite coating has been developed through an alternant dip-coating method employing MXene nanosheets as the "brick" and polydopamine (PDA)/Ni2+ as the "mortar". The resultant spandex yarn coating with MXene/PDA/Ni2+ (MPNi@Spandex) can be assembled as a strain sensor with high sensitivity (up to 5.7 × 104 for the gauge factor), wide sensing range (∼61.2%), and low detection limit (0.11%) to monitor the biological activities of the human body. Furthermore, MPNi@Spandex displays great potential to give on-demand thermotherapy by virtue of the fast response to near-infrared irradiation, controllable surface temperature, and applicability even under sewing conditions. In addition, MPNi@Spandex knitted textiles demonstrate a strong antibacterial effect due to the sharp edges, anionic, and hydrophilic nature of MXene nanosheets. Remarkably, near-infrared irradiation further improves the bacteria-killing efficiency of an MPNi@Spandex knitted textile to more than 99.9%. This work paves the way for the design of multifunctional wearable electronics with an all-in-one theranostic platform for personal healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gong
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liancong Yue
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingyi Kong
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiaping Wang
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Dongrui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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239
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Tomić M, Šetka M, Vojkůvka L, Vallejos S. VOCs Sensing by Metal Oxides, Conductive Polymers, and Carbon-Based Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:552. [PMID: 33671783 PMCID: PMC7926866 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent research efforts and developments in nanomaterials for sensing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The discussion focuses on key materials such as metal oxides (e.g., ZnO, SnO2, TiO2 WO3), conductive polymers (e.g., polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)), and carbon-based materials (e.g., graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes), and their mutual combination due to their representativeness in VOCs sensing. Moreover, it delves into the main characteristics and tuning of these materials to achieve enhanced functionality (sensitivity, selectivity, speed of response, and stability). The usual synthesis methods and their advantages towards their integration with microsystems for practical applications are also remarked on. The literature survey shows the most successful systems include structured morphologies, particularly hierarchical structures at the nanometric scale, with intentionally introduced tunable "decorative impurities" or well-defined interfaces forming bilayer structures. These groups of modified or functionalized structures, in which metal oxides are still the main protagonists either as host or guest elements, have proved improvements in VOCs sensing. The work also identifies the need to explore new hybrid material combinations, as well as the convenience of incorporating other transducing principles further than resistive that allow the exploitation of mixed output concepts (e.g., electric, optic, mechanic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Tomić
- Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Milena Šetka
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Lukaš Vojkůvka
- Silicon Austria Labs, Microsystem Technologies, High Tech Campus Villach, Europastraβe 12, A-9524 Villach, Austria;
| | - Stella Vallejos
- Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain;
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic;
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240
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Inoue K, Kuniyoshi Y, Kagaya K, Nakajima K. Skeletonizing the Dynamics of Soft Continuum Body from Video. Soft Robot 2021; 9:201-211. [PMID: 33601962 PMCID: PMC9057898 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2020.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft continuum bodies have demonstrated their effectiveness in generating flexible and adaptive functionalities by capitalizing on the rich deformability of soft material. Compared with a rigid-body robot, it is in general difficult to model and emulate the morphology dynamics of a soft continuum body. In addition, a soft continuum body potentially has an infinite degree of freedom, requiring considerable labor to manually annotate its dynamics from external sensory data such as video. In this study, we propose a novel noninvasive framework for automatically extracting the skeletal dynamics from video of a soft continuum body and show the applications and effectiveness of our framework. First, we demonstrate that our framework can extract skeletal dynamics from animal videos, which can be effectively utilized for the analysis of soft continuum body including animal motion. Next, we focus on a soft continuum arm, a commonly used platform in soft robotics, and evaluate the potential information-processing capability. Normally, to control such a high-dimensional system, it is necessary to introduce many sensors to completely capture the motion dynamics, causing the deterioration of the material's softness. We illustrate that the evaluation of the memory capacity and sensory reconstruction error enables us to verify the minimum number of sensors sufficient for fully grasping the state dynamics, which is highly useful in designing a sensor arrangement for a soft robot. Also, we release the software developed in this study as open source for biology and soft robotics communities, which contributes to automating the annotation process required for the motion analysis of soft continuum bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuma Inoue
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kuniyoshi
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsushi Kagaya
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakajima
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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241
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A simple and industrially scalable method for making a PANI-modified cellulose touch sensor. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 254:117304. [PMID: 33357871 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work we present a simple, inexpensive, and easily scalable industrial paper process to prepare sheets of conductive cellulose fibers coated with polyanilines. First, bare fibers were coated by in situ oxidative polymerization of polyaniline then, the resulting composite fibers were used to fabricate electroactive sheets. The resistivity of the sheets is 14 ± 1 Ω sq-1, a value around 1000 times lower than those reported in literature. The superior electronic proprieties of the sheets were demonstrated by assembling a capacitive touch sensor device with optimized geometry. The touch sensor shows an increase of 3-4 % of the starting electric capacity after compression and a fast response time of 52 ms. To our knowledge this is the first time that a device is prepared in this way and therefore, the herein presented results can bring an significant improvement in the development of low-cost, green and high-tech electronic devices.
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242
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Li B, Wu C, Han Y, Ma X, Luo Z. Preparation of Poly(Acrylic Acid) Grafted Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polyacrylamide Composite Hydrogels with Good Electronic and Mechanical Properties by in-situ Polymerization. J MACROMOL SCI B 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2021.1887602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bengang Li
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfeng Han
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyang Luo
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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243
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Peng W, Liao Q, Song H. A nanograting-based flexible and stretchable waveguide for tactile sensing. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:23. [PMID: 33547515 PMCID: PMC7865040 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Based on the related characteristics of optical waveguide and flexible optical materials, a flexible and stretchable optical waveguide structure oriented to tactile perception is proposed. The sensing principle of optical waveguide is based on mechanical deformation caused by output light loss. It overcomes the shortcomings of traditional optical waveguide devices, which are unable to conform to irregular surface. The flexible and stretchable optical waveguide is fabricated with nanoreplica molding method, and it has been applied to the measurement of pressure and strain in the field of tactile sensing. The flexible and stretchable optical waveguide had a strain detection range of 0 to 12.5%, and the external force detection range is from 0 to 23 × 10-3 N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Peng
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Qingxi Liao
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Han Song
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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244
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Lu K, Li X, Sun Q, Pang X, Chen J, Minari T, Liu X, Song Y. Solution-processed electronics for artificial synapses. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:447-470. [PMID: 34821264 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01520b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Artificial synaptic devices and systems have become hot topics due to parallel computing, high plasticity, integration of storage, and processing to meet the challenges of the traditional Von Neumann computers. Currently, two-terminal memristors and three-terminal transistors have been mainly developed for high-density storage with high switching speed and high reliability because of the adjustable resistivity, controllable ion migration, and abundant choices of functional materials and fabrication processes. To achieve the low-cost, large-scale, and easy-process fabrication, solution-processed techniques have been extensively employed to develop synaptic electronics towards flexible and highly integrated three-dimensional (3D) neural networks. Herein, we have summarized and discussed solution-processed techniques in the fabrication of two-terminal memristors and three-terminal transistors for the application of artificial synaptic electronics mainly reported in the recent five years from the view of fabrication processes, functional materials, electronic operating mechanisms, and system applications. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects were discussed in depth to promote solution-processed techniques in the future development of artificial synapse with high performance and high integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuakua Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
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245
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Cho C, Kang P, Taqieddin A, Jing Y, Yong K, Kim JM, Haque MF, Aluru NR, Nam S. Strain-resilient electrical functionality in thin-film metal electrodes using two-dimensional interlayers. NATURE ELECTRONICS 2021; 4:126-133. [PMID: 35136855 PMCID: PMC8819722 DOI: 10.1038/s41928-021-00538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electrodes that allow electrical conductance to be maintained during mechanical deformation are required for the development of wearable electronics. However, flexible electrodes based on metal thin-films on elastomeric substrates can suffer from complete and unexpected electrical disconnection after the onset of mechanical fracture across the metal. Here we show that the strain-resilient electrical performance of thin-film metal electrodes under multimodal deformation can be enhanced by using a two-dimensional (2D) interlayer. Insertion of atomically-thin interlayers - graphene, molybdenum disulfide, or hexagonal boron nitride - induce continuous in-plane crack deflection in thin-film metal electrodes. This leads to unique electrical characteristics (termed electrical ductility) in which electrical resistance gradually increases with strain, creating extended regions of stable resistance. Our 2D-interlayer electrodes can maintain a low electrical resistance beyond a strain in which conventional metal electrodes would completely disconnect. We use the approach to create a flexible electroluminescent light emitting device with an augmented strain-resilient electrical functionality and an early-damage diagnosis capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chullhee Cho
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Pilgyu Kang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Amir Taqieddin
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yuhang Jing
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Keong Yong
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jin Myung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Md Farhadul Haque
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Narayana R Aluru
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - SungWoo Nam
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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246
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Qi D, Zhang K, Tian G, Jiang B, Huang Y. Stretchable Electronics Based on PDMS Substrates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2003155. [PMID: 32830370 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics, which can retain their functions under stretching, have attracted great interest in recent decades. Elastic substrates, which bear the applied strain and regulate the strain distribution in circuits, are indispensable components in stretchable electronics. Moreover, the self-healing property of the substrate is a premise to endow stretchable electronics with the same characteristics, so the device may recover from failure resulting from large and frequent deformations. Therefore, the properties of the elastic substrate are crucial to the overall performance of stretchable devices. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is widely used as the substrate material for stretchable electronics, not only because of its advantages, which include stable chemical properties, good thermal stability, transparency, and biological compatibility, but also because of its capability of attaining designer functionalities via surface modification and bulk property tailoring. Herein, the strategies for fabricating stretchable electronics on PDMS substrates are summarized, and the influence of the physical and chemical properties of PDMS, including surface chemical status, physical modulus, geometric structures, and self-healing properties, on the performance of stretchable electronics is discussed. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities of stretchable electronics based on PDMS substrates are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianpeng Qi
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Kuiyuan Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Gongwei Tian
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yudong Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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Abstract
The development of wearable sensors is aimed at enabling continuous real-time health monitoring, which leads to timely and precise diagnosis anytime and anywhere. Unlike conventional wearable sensors that are somewhat bulky, rigid, and planar, research for next-generation wearable sensors has been focused on establishing fully-wearable systems. To attain such excellent wearability while providing accurate and reliable measurements, fabrication strategies should include (1) proper choices of materials and structural designs, (2) constructing efficient wireless power and data transmission systems, and (3) developing highly-integrated sensing systems. Herein, we discuss recent advances in wearable devices for non-invasive sensing, with focuses on materials design, nano/microfabrication, sensors, wireless technologies, and the integration of those.
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248
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Zhao C, Liu Q, Cheung KM, Liu W, Yang Q, Xu X, Man T, Weiss PS, Zhou C, Andrews AM. Narrower Nanoribbon Biosensors Fabricated by Chemical Lift-off Lithography Show Higher Sensitivity. ACS NANO 2021; 15:904-915. [PMID: 33337135 PMCID: PMC7855841 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Wafer-scale nanoribbon field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors fabricated by straightforward top-down processes are demonstrated as sensing platforms with high sensitivity to a broad range of biological targets. Nanoribbons with 350 nm widths (700 nm pitch) were patterned by chemical lift-off lithography using high-throughput, low-cost commercial digital versatile disks (DVDs) as masters. Lift-off lithography was also used to pattern ribbons with 2 μm or 20 μm widths (4 or 40 μm pitches, respectively) using masters fabricated by photolithography. For all widths, highly aligned, quasi-one-dimensional (1D) ribbon arrays were produced over centimeter length scales by sputtering to deposit 20 nm thin-film In2O3 as the semiconductor. Compared to 20 μm wide microribbons, FET sensors with 350 nm wide nanoribbons showed higher sensitivity to pH over a broad range (pH 5 to 10). Nanoribbon FETs functionalized with a serotonin-specific aptamer demonstrated larger responses to equimolar serotonin in high ionic strength buffer than those of microribbon FETs. Field-effect transistors with 350 nm wide nanoribbons functionalized with single-stranded DNA showed greater sensitivity to detecting complementary DNA hybridization vs 20 μm microribbon FETs. In all, we illustrate facile fabrication and use of large-area, uniform In2O3 nanoribbon FETs for ion, small-molecule, and oligonucleotide detection where higher surface-to-volume ratios translate to better detection sensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qingzhou Liu
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Kevin M. Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wenfei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tianxing Man
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Corresponding Authors (AMA), (CZ), and (PSW)
| | - Chongwu Zhou
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Corresponding Authors (AMA), (CZ), and (PSW)
| | - Anne M. Andrews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Corresponding Authors (AMA), (CZ), and (PSW)
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249
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Casar JR, McLellan CA, Siefe C, Dionne JA. Lanthanide-Based Nanosensors: Refining Nanoparticle Responsiveness for Single Particle Imaging of Stimuli. ACS PHOTONICS 2021; 8:3-17. [PMID: 34307765 PMCID: PMC8297747 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.0c00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide nanoparticles (LNPs) are promising sensors of chemical, mechanical, and temperature changes; they combine the narrow-spectral emission and long-lived excited states of individual lanthanide ions with the high spatial resolution and controlled energy transfer of nanocrystalline architectures. Despite considerable progress in optimizing LNP brightness and responsiveness for dynamic sensing, detection of stimuli with a spatial resolution approaching that of individual nanoparticles remains an outstanding challenge. Here, we highlight the existing capabilities and outstanding challenges of LNP sensors, en-route to nanometer-scale, single particle sensor resolution. First, we summarize LNP sensor read-outs, including changes in emission wavelength, lifetime, intensity, and spectral ratiometric values that arise from modified energy transfer networks within nanoparticles. Then, we describe the origins of LNP sensor imprecision, including sensitivity to competing conditions, interparticle heterogeneities, such as the concentration and distribution of dopant ions, and measurement noise. Motivated by these sources of signal variance, we describe synthesis characterization feedback loops to inform and improve sensor precision, and introduce noise-equivalent sensitivity as a figure of merit of LNP sensors. Finally, we project the magnitudes of chemical and pressure stimulus resolution achievable with single LNPs at nanoscale resolution. Our perspective provides a roadmap for translating ensemble LNP sensing capabilities to the single particle level, enabling nanometer-scale sensing in biology, medicine, and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Casar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Claire A McLellan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Chris Siefe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jennifer A Dionne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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250
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Saleh R, Barth M, Eberhardt W, Zimmermann A. Bending Setups for Reliability Investigation of Flexible Electronics. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:78. [PMID: 33451151 PMCID: PMC7828635 DOI: 10.3390/mi12010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flexible electronics is a rapidly growing technology for a multitude of applications. Wearables and flexible displays are some application examples. Various technologies and processes are used to produce flexible electronics. An important aspect to be considered when developing these systems is their reliability, especially with regard to repeated bending. In this paper, the frequently used methods for investigating the bending reliability of flexible electronics are presented. This is done to provide an overview of the types of tests that can be performed to investigate the bending reliability. Furthermore, it is shown which devices are developed and optimized to gain more knowledge about the behavior of flexible systems under bending. Both static and dynamic bending test methods are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafat Saleh
- Hahn-Schickard, Allmandring 9b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.B.); (W.E.); (A.Z.)
- Institute for Micro Integration (IFM), University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 9B, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maximilian Barth
- Hahn-Schickard, Allmandring 9b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.B.); (W.E.); (A.Z.)
| | - Wolfgang Eberhardt
- Hahn-Schickard, Allmandring 9b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.B.); (W.E.); (A.Z.)
| | - André Zimmermann
- Hahn-Schickard, Allmandring 9b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.B.); (W.E.); (A.Z.)
- Institute for Micro Integration (IFM), University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 9B, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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