201
|
Xia Y, Chen T, Chen G, Weng Y, Zeng L, Liao Y, Chen W, Lan J, Zhang J, Chen J. A nature-inspired colorimetric and fluorescent dual-modal biosensor for exosomes detection. Talanta 2020; 214:120851. [PMID: 32278412 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As non-invasive biomarkers, exosomes are of great significance to diseases diagnosis. However, sensitive and accurate detection of exosomes still remains technical challenges. Herein, inspired by nature's "one-to-many" concept, we design a biosensor mimicking the cactus with numerous thorns to detect exosomes. The biosensor is composed of CD63 antibodies, resembling the roots of cactus, to capture exosomes, and the exosomes resemble the stems. Cholesterol-labeled DNA (DNA anchor) binding to streptavidin modified horseradish peroxidase (HRP) can insert into exosomes membrane, which seems the thorns. The readout signal is produced through HRP-catalyzed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) mediated oxidation of 1,4-phenylenediamine (PPD) to form 2,5-diamino-NN'-bis-(p-aminophenyl)-1,4-benzoquinone di-imine (PPDox). The PPDox can quench fluorescence of fluorescein through inner filter effect (IFE), which provides fluorescent signal for exosomes detection. Based on this principle, the obtained exosomes solution is qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by our biosensor, with the comparison to current standard methods by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The linear range is from 1.0 × 104 to 5.0 × 105 particles μL-1 with the limit of detection 3.40 × 103 particles μL-1 and 3.12 × 103 particles μL-1 for colorimetric and fluorescent assays, respectively. Meanwhile, our biosensor exhibits good selectivity, and can eliminate the interference from proteins. This dual-modal biosensor shows favorable performance towards analytical application in clinic samples, pushing one step further towards practical clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaokun Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, PR China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, PR China
| | - Guanyu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, PR China
| | - Yunping Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, PR China
| | - Lupeng Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, PR China
| | - Yijuan Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, PR China
| | - Jianming Lan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China.
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Cha BS, Park KS, Park JS. Signature mRNA markers in extracellular vesicles for the accurate diagnosis of colorectal cancer. J Biol Eng 2020; 14:4. [PMID: 32042310 PMCID: PMC7001337 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-020-0225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC), its accurate diagnosis is critical and in high demand. However, conventional methods are not ideal due to invasiveness and low accuracy. Herein, we aimed to identify efficient CRC mRNA markers in a non-invasive manner using CRC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). The expression levels of EV mRNAs from cancer cell lines were compared with those of a normal cell line using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Eight markers were evaluated in plasma EVs from CRC patients and healthy controls. The diagnostic value of each marker, individually or in combination, was then determined using recessive operating characteristics analyses and the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Eight mRNA markers (MYC, VEGF, CDX2, CD133, CEA, CK19, EpCAM, and CD24) were found to be more abundant in EVs derived from cancer cell lines compared to control cell lines. A combination of VEGF and CD133 showed the highest sensitivity (100%), specificity (80%), and accuracy (93%) and an area under the curve of 0.96; hence, these markers were deemed to be the CRC signature. Moreover, this signature was found to be highly expressed in CRC-derived EVs compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS VEGF and CD133 mRNAs comprise a unique CRC signature in EVs that has the potential to act as a novel, non-invasive, and accurate biomarker that would improve the current diagnostic platform for CRC, while also serving to strengthen the value of EV mRNA as diagnostic markers for myriad of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung Seok Cha
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soo Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seok Park
- School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
|
204
|
Moura SL, Martín CG, Martí M, Pividori MI. Electrochemical immunosensing of nanovesicles as biomarkers for breast cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 150:111882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
205
|
Yu Q, Zhao Q, Wang S, Zhao S, Zhang S, Yin Y, Dong Y. Development of a lateral flow aptamer assay strip for facile identification of theranostic exosomes isolated from human lung carcinoma cells. Anal Biochem 2020; 594:113591. [PMID: 31968209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are Extracellular Vesicles (EV) that own unique structural features and functions and have gradually become the hot research spot in recent years. The tumor-derived exosomes contain various types of useful biological information, and medical identification of exosomes relied on the specific characterization of membrane surface proteins. In this study, in order to rapidly identify non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-derived exosomes, based on an aptamer against CD63 protein on exosome membrane, a low cost lateral flow aptamer assay (LFAA) test strip using nanogold particles as visualization probes was successfully developed for facile identification of A549 exosomes isolated from human lung carcinoma cells diluted from 6.4 × 109 particles/mL herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qu Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Sai Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Shuai Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yingai Yin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yiyang Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Wang L, Pan Y, Liu Y, Sun Z, Huang Y, Li J, Yang J, Xiang Y, Li G. Fabrication of an Aptamer-Coated Liposome Complex for the Detection and Profiling of Exosomes Based on Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-Mediated Signal Amplification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:322-329. [PMID: 31840492 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The exosome is a promising biomarker carrying many kinds of membrane proteins with huge heterogeneity, so the sensitive and multiplex analysis of exosomes is very significant for disease diagnosis and exploration of their biological functions. Herein, we propose an efficient method for highly sensitive detection and heterogeneity identification of exosomes based on the design and fabrication of an aptamer-coated liposome complex coupled with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated polymerization. Specifically, in the presence of target exosomes, the aptamers immobilized on the surface of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane liposomes prefer to bind with exosomal membrane proteins due to the high affinity. The resulting aptamer-exosome complex will be accessible to TdT to switch on the polymerization reaction for signal amplification, achieving highly sensitive detection of exosomes. Furthermore, the proposed method can be employed to profile different exosomal membrane proteins by making use of a cluster of corresponding aptamers and obtain a fingerprint map of various cancer cell-derived exosomes. Thus, our approach may provide a highly sensitive and robust strategy for the identification of exosome heterogeneity with advantages of being label-free and having no separation, potentially enabling the precise subpopulation of exosomes with practical value in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Zhaowei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Nanjing , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210003 , P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Genxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Martín-Gracia B, Martín-Barreiro A, Cuestas-Ayllón C, Grazú V, Line A, Llorente A, M. de la Fuente J, Moros M. Nanoparticle-based biosensors for detection of extracellular vesicles in liquid biopsies. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6710-6738. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00861c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Selecting the appropriate nanoparticle, functionalization chemistry and sensing methodology can speed up the translation of liquid biopsies into the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martín-Gracia
- Aragón Materials Science Institute (ICMA)
- CSIC/University of Zaragoza
- Zaragoza
- Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering
| | - Alba Martín-Barreiro
- Aragón Materials Science Institute (ICMA)
- CSIC/University of Zaragoza
- Zaragoza
- Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering
| | | | - Valeria Grazú
- Aragón Materials Science Institute (ICMA)
- CSIC/University of Zaragoza
- Zaragoza
- Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering
| | - Aija Line
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre
- Riga
- Latvia
| | - Alicia Llorente
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology
- Institute for Cancer Research
- Oslo University Hospital
- Oslo
- Norway
| | - Jesús M. de la Fuente
- Aragón Materials Science Institute (ICMA)
- CSIC/University of Zaragoza
- Zaragoza
- Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering
| | - María Moros
- Aragón Materials Science Institute (ICMA)
- CSIC/University of Zaragoza
- Zaragoza
- Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering
| |
Collapse
|
208
|
Zhang Y, Wang D, Yue S, Lu Y, Yang C, Fang J, Xu Z. Sensitive Multicolor Visual Detection of Exosomes via Dual Signal Amplification Strategy of Enzyme-Catalyzed Metallization of Au Nanorods and Hybridization Chain Reaction. ACS Sens 2019; 4:3210-3218. [PMID: 31820935 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes as nanosized vesicles have been recognized as potential noninvasive biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis. Herein, we presented a sensitive multicolor visual method for exosome detection based on enzyme-induced silver deposition on gold nanorods (Au NRs). To achieve highly sensitive determination of exosomes, hybridization chain reaction (HCR) was employed to introduce more alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for signal amplification. First, exosomes were captured by magnetic bead-labeled CD63 aptamer, and, then, cholesterol-modified DNA probes were spontaneously inserted into the exosomal lipid membrane. The ends of the DNA probes act as the initiator to trigger the HCR for signal amplification. Finally, with the help of HCR, increased sites led to enhanced ALP loading and thus boosted the ascorbic acid generation. Silver ions were reduced by ascorbic acid, and silver shells were formed on Au NRs, giving rise to the blue shift of the longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance peak. Correspondingly, the concentration of exosomes can be obviously distinguished with naked eyes via the vivid color variation. Due to the dual signal amplification of HCR and metallization of Au NRs, highly sensitive detection for exosomes were realized with detection limits as low as 1.6 × 102 particles/μL by UV-vis spectroscopy and 9 × 103 particles/μL by naked eyes. Compared to the reported colorimetric methods for exosome quantification, visualization based on plentiful color tonalities is the most captivating merit of our approach, and HCR-induced signal amplification highlights the virtue of the strategy. The applicability of the method was validated by the analysis of clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Danni Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P. R. China
| | - Yanbing Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P. R. China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Jin Fang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P. R. China
| | - Zhangrun Xu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Jiang Q, Liu Y, Wang L, Adkins GB, Zhong W. Rapid Enrichment and Detection of Extracellular Vesicles Enabled by CuS-Enclosed Microgels. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15951-15958. [PMID: 31742386 PMCID: PMC7417204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membranous vesicles that exist in nearly all biological fluids, including blood and urine; and carry a great number of cargo molecules such as protein, nucleic acids, and lipid. They may play important roles in cell-cell communication and modulation of pathological processes, which, however, are not yet well understood, calling for highly sensitive, specific, and rapid methods for EV detection and quantification in biological samples. Here, we report the CuS-enclosed microgels that not only help enrich EVs carrying specific protein markers from complex biomatrices, but also produce strong chemiluminescence (CL) to realize sensitive detection of the target EVs. A detection limit of 104 EV particles/mL was achieved with these microgels by targeting EV proteins like CD63 and HER2, with a dynamic range up to 108 particles/mL. Direct detection of EVs in human serum and cell culture medium without tedious sample preparation was demonstrated, consuming much less sample compared to ELISA and Western Blot. We envision that our method will be valuable for quick quantification of EVs in biological samples, benefiting disease monitoring and functional study.
Collapse
|
210
|
Kim DH, Kothandan VK, Kim HW, Kim KS, Kim JY, Cho HJ, Lee YK, Lee DE, Hwang SR. Noninvasive Assessment of Exosome Pharmacokinetics In Vivo: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E649. [PMID: 31817039 PMCID: PMC6956244 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, intraluminal vesicles that contain informative DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipid membranes derived from the original donor cells, have recently been introduced to therapy and diagnosis. With their emergence as an alternative to cell therapy and having undergone clinical trials, proper analytical standards for evaluating their pharmacokinetics must now be established. Molecular imaging techniques such as fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography (PET) are helpful to visualizing the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of exosomes. After exosomes labelled with a fluorescer or radioisotope are administered in vivo, they are differentially distributed according to the characteristics of each tissue or lesion, and real-time biodistribution of exosomes can be noninvasively monitored. Quantitative analysis of exosome concentration in biological fluid or tissue samples is also needed for the clinical application and industrialization of exosomes. In this review, we will discuss recent pharmacokinetic applications to exosomes, including labelling methods for in vivo imaging and analytical methods for quantifying exosomes, which will be helpful for evaluating pharmacokinetics of exosomes and improving exosome development and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Do Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (D.H.K.); (H.W.K.); (K.S.K.); (J.Y.K.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Vinoth Kumar Kothandan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Hye Won Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (D.H.K.); (H.W.K.); (K.S.K.); (J.Y.K.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Ki Seung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (D.H.K.); (H.W.K.); (K.S.K.); (J.Y.K.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Ji Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (D.H.K.); (H.W.K.); (K.S.K.); (J.Y.K.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Hyeon Jin Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (D.H.K.); (H.W.K.); (K.S.K.); (J.Y.K.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Yong-kyu Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, Chungbuk 27469, Korea;
| | - Dong-Eun Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea;
| | - Seung Rim Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (D.H.K.); (H.W.K.); (K.S.K.); (J.Y.K.); (H.J.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Liu C, Feng Q, Sun J. Lipid Nanovesicles by Microfluidics: Manipulation, Synthesis, and Drug Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804788. [PMID: 30570773 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanovesicles, including endogenous exosomes and synthetic lipid nanoparticles, have shown great potential in disease diagnostics, drug delivery, and cancer biology. Naturally secreted nanovesicles are promising biomarkers for early detection of cancers in vitro. Synthetic nanovesicles serve as robust drug delivery systems with enhanced tumor targeting in vivo. Microfluidic platforms with features of excellent flow control and rapid mixing are exploited as versatile tools for studying lipid nanovesicles of small sizes and delicate structures. Here, an overview of microfluidics for precise manipulation and synthesis of lipid nanovesicles is provided. The mechanisms of isolation and detection of exosomes in microfluidics, as well as the clinical utility of exosomes for cancer diagnosis, are discussed. Several microfluidic designs for controlled assembly of a variety of lipid nanovesicles are highlighted. Opportunities and outstanding challenges of microfluidics-based investigation of lipid nanovesicles are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiashu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Li W, Wang H, Zhao Z, Gao H, Liu C, Zhu L, Wang C, Yang Y. Emerging Nanotechnologies for Liquid Biopsy: The Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells and Extracellular Vesicles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805344. [PMID: 30589111 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy enables noninvasive and dynamic analysis of molecular or cellular biomarkers, and therefore holds great potential for the diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring of disease progress and treatment efficacy, understanding of disease mechanisms, and identification of therapeutic targets for drug development. In this review, the recent progress in nanomaterials, nanostructures, nanodevices, and nanosensors for liquid biopsy is summarized, with a focus on the detection and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs). The developments and advances of nanomaterials and nanostructures in enhancing the sensitivity, specificity, and purity for the detection of CTCs and EVs are discussed. Sensing techniques for signal transduction and amplification as well as visualization strategies are also discussed. New technologies for the reversible release of the isolated CTCs and EVs and for single-CTC/EV analysis are summarized. Emerging microfluidic platforms for the integral on-chip isolation, detection, and molecular analysis are also included. The opportunities, challenges, and prospects of these innovative materials and technologies, especially with regard to their feasibility in clinical applications, are discussed. The applications of nanotechnology-based liquid biopsy will bring new insight into the clinical practice in monitoring and treatment of tumor and other significant diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Huayi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Houqian Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Changliang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
213
|
Liu J, Mosavati B, Oleinikov AV, Du E. Biosensors for Detection of Human Placental Pathologies: A Review of Emerging Technologies and Current Trends. Transl Res 2019; 213:23-49. [PMID: 31170377 PMCID: PMC6783355 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Substantial growth in the biosensor research has enabled novel, sensitive and point-of-care diagnosis of human diseases in the last decade. This paper presents an overview of the research in the field of biosensors that can potentially predict and diagnosis of common placental pathologies. A survey of biomarkers in maternal circulation and their characterization methods is presented, including markers of oxidative stress, angiogenic factors, placental debris, and inflammatory biomarkers that are associated with various pathophysiological processes in the context of pregnancy complications. Novel biosensors enabled by microfluidics technology and nanomaterials is then reviewed. Representative designs of plasmonic and electrochemical biosensors for highly sensitive and multiplexed detection of biomarkers, as well as on-chip sample preparation and sensing for automatic biomarker detection are illustrated. New trends in organ-on-a-chip based placental disease models are highlighted to illustrate the capability of these in vitro disease models in better understanding the complex pathophysiological processes, including mass transfer across the placental barrier, oxidative stress, inflammation, and malaria infection. Biosensor technologies that can be potentially embedded in the placental models for real time, label-free monitoring of these processes and events are suggested. Merger of cell culture in microfluidics and biosensing can provide significant potential for new developments in advanced placental models, and tools for diagnosis, drug screening and efficacy testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Babak Mosavati
- College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Andrew V Oleinikov
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - E Du
- College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida; Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida.
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Cheng N, Du D, Wang X, Liu D, Xu W, Luo Y, Lin Y. Recent Advances in Biosensors for Detecting Cancer-Derived Exosomes. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:1236-1254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
215
|
Soda N, Rehm BHA, Sonar P, Nguyen NT, Shiddiky MJA. Advanced liquid biopsy technologies for circulating biomarker detection. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:6670-6704. [PMID: 31646316 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01490j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a new diagnostic concept that provides important information for monitoring and identifying tumor genomes in body fluid samples. Detection of tumor origin biomolecules like circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor specific nucleic acids (circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lnRNAs)), exosomes, autoantibodies in blood, saliva, stool, urine, etc. enables cancer screening, early stage diagnosis and evaluation of therapy response through minimally invasive means. From reliance on painful and hazardous tissue biopsies or imaging depending on sophisticated equipment, cancer management schemes are witnessing a rapid evolution towards minimally invasive yet highly sensitive liquid biopsy-based tools. Clinical application of liquid biopsy is already paving the way for precision theranostics and personalized medicine. This is achieved especially by enabling repeated sampling, which in turn provides a more comprehensive molecular profile of tumors. On the other hand, integration with novel miniaturized platforms, engineered nanomaterials, as well as electrochemical detection has led to the development of low-cost and simple platforms suited for point-of-care applications. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the biogenesis, significance and potential role of four widely known biomarkers (CTCs, ctDNA, miRNA and exosomes) in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Furthermore, we provide a detailed discussion of the inherent biological and technical challenges associated with currently available methods and the possible pathways to overcome these challenges. The recent advances in the application of a wide range of nanomaterials in detecting these biomarkers are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narshone Soda
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia. and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Prashant Sonar
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Molecular Design and Synthesis, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia. and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
216
|
Mao W, Wen Y, Lei H, Lu R, Wang S, Wang Y, Chen R, Gu Y, Zhu L, Abhange KK, Quinn ZJ, Chen Y, Xue F, Zheng M, Wan Y. Isolation and Retrieval of Extracellular Vesicles for Liquid Biopsy of Malignant Ground-Glass Opacity. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13729-13736. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Mao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Yi Wen
- The Pq Laboratory
of Micro/Nano BiomeDx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University—SUNY, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Haozhi Lei
- PerMed Biomedicine Institute, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Rongguo Lu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Shengfei Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Yuheng Wang
- PerMed Biomedicine Institute, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ruo Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gu
- PerMed Biomedicine Institute, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- PerMed Biomedicine Institute, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Komal K. Abhange
- The Pq Laboratory
of Micro/Nano BiomeDx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University—SUNY, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Zachary J. Quinn
- The Pq Laboratory
of Micro/Nano BiomeDx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University—SUNY, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Yundi Chen
- The Pq Laboratory
of Micro/Nano BiomeDx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University—SUNY, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Fei Xue
- The Pq Laboratory
of Micro/Nano BiomeDx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University—SUNY, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Mingfeng Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Yuan Wan
- The Pq Laboratory
of Micro/Nano BiomeDx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University—SUNY, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Ma C, Jiang F, Ma Y, Wang J, Li H, Zhang J. Isolation and Detection Technologies of Extracellular Vesicles and Application on Cancer Diagnostic. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819891004. [PMID: 31839757 PMCID: PMC6902397 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819891004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of cancers are treatable when diagnosed early. However, due to the elusive trace and the limitation of traditional biopsies, most cancers have already spread widely and are at advanced stages when they are first diagnosed, causing ever-increasing mortality in the past decades. Hence, developing reliable methods for early detection and diagnosis of cancer is indispensable. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs), as circulating phospholipid vesicles secreted by cells, are found to play significant roles in the intercellular communication as well as the setup of tumor microenvironments and have been identified as one of the key factors in the next-generation technique for cancer diagnosis. However, EVs present in complex biofluids that contain various contaminations such as nonvesicle proteins and nonspecific EVs, resulting in the interference of screening for desired biomarkers. Therefore, applicable isolation and enrichment methods that guarantee scale-up of sample volume, purity, speed, yield, and tumor specificity are necessary. In this review, we introduce current technologies for EV separation and summarize biomarkers toward EV-based cancer liquid biopsy. In conclusion, a novel systematic isolation method that guarantees high purity, recovery rate, and tumor specificity is still missing. Besides that, a dual-model EV-based clinical trial system includes isolation and detection is a hot trend in the future due to efficient point-of-care needs. In addition, cancer-related biomarkers discovery and biomarker database establishment are essential objectives in the research field for diagnostic settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifan Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jinqiao Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
218
|
Chemically Functionalised Graphene FET Biosensor for the Label-free Sensing of Exosomes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13946. [PMID: 31558796 PMCID: PMC6763426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A graphene field-effect transistor (gFET) was non-covalently functionalised with 1-pyrenebutyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester and conjugated with anti-CD63 antibodies for the label-free detection of exosomes. Using a microfluidic channel, part of a graphene film was exposed to solution. The change in electrical properties of the exposed graphene created an additional minimum alongside the original Dirac point in the drain-source current (Ids) - back-gate voltage (Vg) curve. When phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was present in the channel, the additional minimum was present at a Vg lower than the original Dirac point and shifted with time when exosomes were introduced into the channel. This shift of the minimum from the PBS reference point reached saturation after 30 minutes and was observed for multiple exosome concentrations. Upon conjugation with an isotype control, sensor response to the highest concentration of exosomes was negligible in comparison to that with anti-CD63 antibody, indicating that the functionalised gFET can specifically detect exosomes at least down to 0.1 μg/mL and is sensitive to concentration. Such a gFET biosensor has not been used before for exosome sensing and could be an effective tool for the liquid-biopsy detection of exosomes as biomarkers for early-stage identification of diseases such as cancer.
Collapse
|
219
|
Li L, Han B, Wang Y, Zhao J, Cao Y. Simple and universal signal labeling of cell surface for amplified detection of cancer cells via mild reduction. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 145:111714. [PMID: 31546202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane protein, a novel surface biomarker, plays an important role in cell recognition and disease diagnosis. Accurate recognition of membrane protein ensure high specificity of cell identification, while introducing signal molecules onto cell membrane is critical to achieve high sensitivity. In this work, we introduced a simple and universal signal labeling approach for cancer cell detection based on mild reduction-mediated cell engineering. This approach included the mild reduction of disulfide bonds within membrane proteins and the introduction of DNA bridge complex-templated silver nanoclusters (DNA bridge-AgNCs) through the thiol-maleimide conjugation. The mild reduction reactions on the cell surface significantly increased the binding sites for signal labeling, and DNA bridge-AgNCs served as a scaffold of signal amplification, resulting in a wide linear range from 50-2 × 106 cells, and a detection limit of 15 cells. In addition, the method also showed good selectivity in complex environment. Therefore, this method may have great application space in the field of cell detection and even disease diagnosis in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Li
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Shanghai University, 200444, PR China
| | - Bing Han
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, PR China.
| | - Ya Cao
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
220
|
Dong X, Chi J, Zheng L, Ma B, Li Z, Wang S, Zhao C, Liu H. Efficient isolation and sensitive quantification of extracellular vesicles based on an integrated ExoID-Chip using photonic crystals. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2897-2904. [PMID: 31363724 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00445a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), involved in many diseases and pathophysiological processes, have emerged as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. However, efficient isolation and detection of EVs still remain challenging. Here, we report an integrated chip for isolation of EVs with a double-filtration unit and ultrasensitive detection using photonic crystal (PC) nanostructure. Nanofiltration membranes were integrated into the device to isolate and enrich the EVs of 20-200 nm in size based on size-exclusion. Then, CD63 aptamers were used to combine the EVs on the nanofiltration membrane with a pore size of 20 nm, and excess aptamers passed through the membrane to bind with CD63 immobilized on the PC nanostructure. Benefitting from the fluorescence enhancement effect of the PC nanostructure in competition assays, the EVs could be quantified sensitively by analyzing the concentration of excess aptamers. Due to the high sensitivity, the limit of detection was as low as 8.9 × 103 EVs per mL with a low sample consumption of only 20 μL. Furthermore, serum samples from breast cancer patients and healthy donors could be successfully distinguished. Thus, this microfluidic chip provides an effective method for pre-screening of cancer in clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Junjie Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Liuzheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Biao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| |
Collapse
|
221
|
Ferreira N, Marques A, Águas H, Bandarenka H, Martins R, Bodo C, Costa-Silva B, Fortunato E. Label-Free Nanosensing Platform for Breast Cancer Exosome Profiling. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2073-2083. [PMID: 31327232 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for 11.6% of all cancer cases in both genders. Even though several diagnostic techniques have been developed, the mostly used are invasive, complex, time-consuming, and cannot guarantee an early diagnosis, significantly constraining the tumor treatment success rate. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that carry biomolecules from tissues to the peripheral circulation, representing an emerging noninvasive source of markers for early cancer diagnosis. Current techniques for exosomes analysis are frequently complex, time-consuming, and expensive. Raman spectroscopy interest has risen lately, because of its nondestructive analysis and little to no sample preparation, while having very low analyte concentration/volume, because of surface enhancement signal (SERS) possibility. However, active SERS substrates are needed, and commercially available substrates come with a high cost and low shelf life. In this work, composites of commercial nata de coco to produce bacterial nanocellulose and in-situ-synthesized silver nanoparticles are tested as SERS substrates, with a low cost and green approach. Enhancement factors from 104 to 105 were obtained, detecting Rhodamine 6G (R6G) concentrations as low as 10-11 M. Exosome samples coming from MCF-10A (nontumorigenic breast epithelium) and MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer) cell cultures were tested on the synthesized substrates, and the obtained Raman spectra were subjected to statistical principal component analysis (PCA). Combining PCA with Raman intravariability and intervariability in exosomal samples, data grouping with 95% confidence was possible, serving as a low-cost, green, and label-free diagnosis method, with promising applicability in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Ferreira
- i3N
- CENIMAT, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Marques
- i3N
- CENIMAT, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Hugo Águas
- i3N
- CENIMAT, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Hanna Bandarenka
- Laboratory of Applied Plasmonics, Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, 220013 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- i3N
- CENIMAT, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cristian Bodo
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Costa-Silva
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- i3N
- CENIMAT, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
Kim C, Lee K. Polydiacetylene (PDA) Liposome-Based Immunosensor for the Detection of Exosomes. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3392-3398. [PMID: 31385692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that have attracted attention because of their important biological roles in intercellular communication and transportation of various biomolecules, including proteins and genetic materials. However, due to difficulties in their selective capture and detection, further application of exosomes remains challenging. To detect EVs, we fabricated a liposomal biosensor based on polydiacetylene (PDA), a conjugate polymer that has been widely used in sensing applications derived from its unique optical properties. To confer selectivity and sensitivity to the sensory material, antibodies targeting CD63, a membrane protein exclusively found in exosomes, were attached to the PDA liposomes and phospholipid molecules were incorporated into the PDA vesicles. Signal analysis derived from PDA liposomes for exosome detection and quantification was performed by observing colorimetric changes triggered by the ligand-receptor interaction of PDA vesicles. Visual, UV-visible, and fluorescence spectroscopic methods were used to obtain signals from the PDA lipid immunosensor, which achieved a detection limit of 3 × 108 vesicles/mL, the minimum concentration that can be used in practical applications. The strategies used in the system have the potential to expand into the field of dealing with exosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changheon Kim
- Program in Nanoscience and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kangwon Lee
- Program in Nanoscience and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
223
|
Tian F, Liu C, Lin L, Chen Q, Sun J. Microfluidic analysis of circulating tumor cells and tumor-derived extracellular vesicles. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
224
|
Narayanan JS, Slaughter G. Towards a dual in-line electrochemical biosensor for the determination of glucose and hydrogen peroxide. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 128:56-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
225
|
Yu Y, Li YT, Jin D, Yang F, Wu D, Xiao MM, Zhang H, Zhang ZY, Zhang GJ. Electrical and Label-Free Quantification of Exosomes with a Reduced Graphene Oxide Field Effect Transistor Biosensor. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10679-10686. [PMID: 31331170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Tao Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Jin
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Meng Xiao
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Teaching and Research Office of Forensic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
An Y, Jin T, Zhu Y, Zhang F, He P. An ultrasensitive electrochemical aptasensor for the determination of tumor exosomes based on click chemistry. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111503. [PMID: 31376716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, lipid bilayer membrane vesicles, can guide various pathological and physiological processes. However, reliable, convenient and sensitive methods for exosome determination for early cancer diagnosis are still technically challenging. Herein, an electrochemical aptasensor based on click chemistry and the DNA hybridization chain reaction (HCR) for signal amplification has been developed for the ultrasensitive detection of tumor exosomes. CD63 aptamer was first immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode for capturing exosomes, and 4-oxo-2-nonenal alkyne (alkynyl-4-ONE) molecules, functionalized lipid electrophiles, were conjugated to the exosomes via the reaction of amino and aldehyde groups. Azide-labeled DNA probe as an anchor was then connected to the exosomes by copper (I)-catalyzed click chemistry. Signal amplification was achieved by HCR, and the numerous linked horseradish peroxidase (HRP) molecules could catalyze the reaction of o-phenylenediamine (OPD) and H2O2. The concentration of exosomes could be quantified by monitoring the electrochemical reduction current of 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP). Under the optimal conditions, this method allowed the sensitive detection of exosomes in the range of 1.12 × 102 to 1.12 × 108 particles/μL with a limit of detection (LOD) of 96 particles/μL. Furthermore, the present assay enabled sensitive and accurate quantification of exosomes in human serum, and it has high potential for exosome analysis in clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu An
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Tongyu Jin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Yuyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Pingang He
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
227
|
Dai Y, Liu CC. Recent Advances on Electrochemical Biosensing Strategies toward Universal Point-of-Care Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12355-12368. [PMID: 30990933 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A number of very recently developed electrochemical biosensing strategies are promoting electrochemical biosensing systems into practical point-of-care applications. The focus of research endeavors has transferred from detection of a specific analyte to the development of general biosensing strategies that can be applied for a single category of analytes, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and cells. In this Minireview, recent cutting-edge research on electrochemical biosensing strategies are described. These developments resolved critical challenges regarding the application of electrochemical biosensors to practical point-of-care systems, such as rapid readout, simple biosensor fabrication method, ultra-high detection sensitivity, direct analysis in a complex biological matrix, and multiplexed target analysis. This Minireview provides general guidelines both for scientists in the biosensing research community and for the biosensor industry on development of point-of-care system, benefiting global healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Dai
- Electronics Design Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Chung Chiun Liu
- Electronics Design Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Dai Y, Liu CC. Recent Advances on Electrochemical Biosensing Strategies toward Universal Point‐of‐Care Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Dai
- Electronics Design CenterCase Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringCase Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
| | - Chung Chiun Liu
- Electronics Design CenterCase Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringCase Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
| |
Collapse
|
229
|
Morales-Kastresana A, Musich TA, Welsh JA, Telford W, Demberg T, Wood JCS, Bigos M, Ross CD, Kachynski A, Dean A, Felton EJ, Van Dyke J, Tigges J, Toxavidis V, Parks DR, Overton WR, Kesarwala AH, Freeman GJ, Rosner A, Perfetto SP, Pasquet L, Terabe M, McKinnon K, Kapoor V, Trepel JB, Puri A, Kobayashi H, Yung B, Chen X, Guion P, Choyke P, Knox SJ, Ghiran I, Robert-Guroff M, Berzofsky JA, Jones JC. High-fidelity detection and sorting of nanoscale vesicles in viral disease and cancer. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1597603. [PMID: 31258878 PMCID: PMC6586126 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1597603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological nanoparticles, including viruses and extracellular vesicles (EVs), are of interest to many fields of medicine as biomarkers and mediators of or treatments for disease. However, exosomes and small viruses fall below the detection limits of conventional flow cytometers due to the overlap of particle-associated scattered light signals with the detection of background instrument noise from diffusely scattered light. To identify, sort, and study distinct subsets of EVs and other nanoparticles, as individual particles, we developed nanoscale Fluorescence Analysis and Cytometric Sorting (nanoFACS) methods to maximise information and material that can be obtained with high speed, high resolution flow cytometers. This nanoFACS method requires analysis of the instrument background noise (herein defined as the “reference noise”). With these methods, we demonstrate detection of tumour cell-derived EVs with specific tumour antigens using both fluorescence and scattered light parameters. We further validated the performance of nanoFACS by sorting two distinct HIV strains to >95% purity and confirmed the viability (infectivity) and molecular specificity (specific cell tropism) of biological nanomaterials sorted with nanoFACS. This nanoFACS method provides a unique way to analyse and sort functional EV- and viral-subsets with preservation of vesicular structure, surface protein specificity and RNA cargo activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aizea Morales-Kastresana
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas A Musich
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua A Welsh
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.,Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William Telford
- Experimental Immunology and Transplantation Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thorsten Demberg
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James C S Wood
- Wake Forest School of Medicine Flow Cytometry Core, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Marty Bigos
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Alan Dean
- Beckman Coulter, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | - John Tigges
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - David R Parks
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Aparna H Kesarwala
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Ariel Rosner
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen P Perfetto
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lise Pasquet
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Masaki Terabe
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine McKinnon
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Veena Kapoor
- Experimental Immunology and Transplantation Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jane B Trepel
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anu Puri
- Basic Research Lab, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bryant Yung
- Theranostic Nanomedicine Section, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Theranostic Nanomedicine Section, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Guion
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan J Knox
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ionita Ghiran
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer C Jones
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.,Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
230
|
Cao Y, Li L, Han B, Wang Y, Dai Y, Zhao J. A catalytic molecule machine-driven biosensing method for amplified electrochemical detection of exosomes. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111397. [PMID: 31200334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, exosomes that carry abundant information have attracted increasing attention as potent biomarkers of liquid biopsy and ideal candidates for early diagnosis and treatment of cancers. In this work, we propose a "principle-of-proof" biosensing method for amplified electrochemical detection of exosomes by using HepG2-derived exosomes as models. Specifically, target exosomes are enriched on anti-CD63-functionalized immunobeads and then recognized by a DNA chain containing CD63 aptamer region, which subsequently initiates a catalytic molecule machine that relies on cascade toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction. Benefiting from high efficiency of the molecule machine, the method shows a linear range from 1 × 105 to 5 × 107 particles/mL and a detection limit of 1.72 × 104 particles/mL toward target exosomes, better than most existing detection methods. Moreover, the method demonstrates a high specificity even in serum samples and suggests a potential use in clinic, which may provide sufficient information for disease diagnosis, especially early detection and prognosis monitoring of tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Cao
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, PR China
| | - Lingling Li
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Shanghai University, 200444, PR China
| | - Bing Han
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, PR China
| | - Yuhao Dai
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
231
|
Chang L, Ni J, Zhu Y, Pang B, Graham P, Zhang H, Li Y. Liquid biopsy in ovarian cancer: recent advances in circulating extracellular vesicle detection for early diagnosis and monitoring progression. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:4130-4140. [PMID: 31281536 PMCID: PMC6592165 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current biomarkers available in the clinic are not enough for early diagnosis or for monitoring disease progression of ovarian cancer. Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive test and has the advantage of early diagnosis and real-time monitoring of treatment response. Although significant progress has been made in the usage of circulating tumor cells and cell-free DNA for ovarian cancer diagnosis, their potential for early detection or monitoring progression remains elusive. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of lipid membranous particles released from almost all cell types. EVs contain proteins, mRNA, DNA fragments, non-coding RNAs, and lipids and play a critical role in intercellular communication. Emerging evidence suggests that EVs have crucial roles in cancer development and metastasis, thus holding promise for liquid biopsy-based biomarker discovery for ovarian cancer diagnosis. In this review, we discuss the advantages of EV-based liquid biopsy, summarize the protein biomarkers identified from EVs in ovarian cancer, and highlight the utility of new technologies recently developed for EV detection with an emphasis on their use for diagnosing ovarian cancer, monitoring cancer progression, and developing personalized medicine.
Collapse
|
232
|
Yang C, Kim HS, Song G, Lim W. The potential role of exosomes derived from ovarian cancer cells for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21493-21503. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changwon Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition Kookmin University Seoul Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
233
|
Cavallaro S, Horak J, Hååg P, Gupta D, Stiller C, Sahu SS, Görgens A, Gatty HK, Viktorsson K, El Andaloussi S, Lewensohn R, Karlström AE, Linnros J, Dev A. Label-Free Surface Protein Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles by an Electrokinetic Sensor. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1399-1408. [PMID: 31020844 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) generated from the endolysosomal system, often referred to as exosomes, have attracted interest as a suitable biomarker for cancer diagnostics, as they carry valuable biological information and reflect their cells of origin. Herein, we propose a simple and inexpensive electrical method for label-free detection and profiling of sEVs in the size range of exosomes. The detection method is based on the electrokinetic principle, where the change in the streaming current is monitored as the surface markers of the sEVs interact with the affinity reagents immobilized on the inner surface of a silica microcapillary. As a proof-of-concept, we detected sEVs derived from the non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line H1975 for a set of representative surface markers, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), CD9, and CD63. The detection sensitivity was estimated to be ∼175000 sEVs, which represents a sensor surface coverage of only 0.04%. We further validated the ability of the sensor to measure the expression level of a membrane protein by using sEVs displaying artificially altered expressions of EGFR and CD63, which were derived from NSCLC and human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells, respectively. The analysis revealed that the changes in EGFR and CD63 expressions in sEVs can be detected with a sensitivity in the order of 10% and 3%, respectively, of their parental cell expressions. The method can be easily parallelized and combined with existing microfluidic-based EV isolation technologies, allowing for rapid detection and monitoring of sEVs for cancer diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cavallaro
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 16440 Kista, Sweden
| | - Josef Horak
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Hååg
- Department of Oncology/Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Theme, Cancer; Patient Area, Pelvis), Akademiska stråket 1, 171 64 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford OX4 4HG, United Kingdom
| | - Christiane Stiller
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siddharth S. Sahu
- Department of Solid State Electronics, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, Uppsala SE-751-21, Sweden
| | - André Görgens
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford OX4 4HG, United Kingdom
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Hithesh K. Gatty
- Department of Solid State Electronics, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, Uppsala SE-751-21, Sweden
| | - Kristina Viktorsson
- Department of Oncology/Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Theme, Cancer; Patient Area, Head and Neck, Lung, and Skin), Akademiska stråket 1, 171 64 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford OX4 4HG, United Kingdom
| | - Rolf Lewensohn
- Department of Oncology/Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Theme, Cancer; Patient Area, Head and Neck, Lung, and Skin), Akademiska stråket 1, 171 64 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amelie E. Karlström
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Linnros
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 16440 Kista, Sweden
| | - Apurba Dev
- Department of Solid State Electronics, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, Uppsala SE-751-21, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
Li P, Yu X, Han W, Kong Y, Bao W, Zhang J, Zhang W, Gu Y. Ultrasensitive and Reversible Nanoplatform of Urinary Exosomes for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1433-1441. [PMID: 31017389 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer cell-derived exosomes in urine have been extensively studied recently and regarded as novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, which presents wide prospects in clinical applications. Sensitive detection and specific capture methods are essential for exosomes analysis. Herein, a dual functional platform composed of superparamagnetic conjunctions and molecular beacons (SMC-MB) is reported. The SMC-MB platform is designed based on aptamer immunoaffinity with ultrasensitive detection efficiency and reversible isolation capacity, which, respectively, profit from nonenzymatic amplification methods and magnetic separation along with restriction cleavage. It is noteworthy that exosomes quantification was exactly amplified and transformed into single strand DNA detection. Correlated measurements evidence that the limit of detection of SMC-MB is as low as ∼100 particles/μL in urine, and a linear relationship meets between the logarithmic concentration of exosomes and fluorescence intensity of the molecular beacon. Furthermore, employing prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) aptamer, the platform adapted to detect and capture PMSA-positive exosomes from urine samples provides excellent diagnostic efficiency for prostate cancer (PCa). The expression of typical biomarkers of PCa, i.e., PSA and PCA3 mRNA, is significantly higher in PSMA-positive exosomes. Altogether, the platform and strategy described in this paper are promising in urinary exosomes analysis and prostate cancer detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning
District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiyuan Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning
District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wujuan Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning
District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning
District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Weiyang Bao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning
District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning
District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wancun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning
District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yueqing Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning
District, Nanjing 211198, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning
District, Nanjing 211198, China
| |
Collapse
|
235
|
Qiao B, Guo Q, Jiang J, Qi Y, Zhang H, He B, Cai C, Shen J. An electrochemiluminescent aptasensor for amplified detection of exosomes from breast tumor cells (MCF-7 cells) based on G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzymes. Analyst 2019; 144:3668-3675. [PMID: 31086892 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00181f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are non-invasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Herein, we describe an electrochemiluminescent (ECL) aptasensor for the detection of exosomes from breast tumor cells. Mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)-modified Eu3+-doped CdS nanocrystals (MPA-CdS:Eu NCs) and H2O2 were used as ECL emitters and coreactant, respectively. The exosomes are recognized and captured by the CD63 aptamer, and then form a G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme, which efficiently catalyzes the decomposition of H2O2, resulting in the decreased ECL signal of MPA-CdS:Eu NCs. The exosomes from breast tumor cells (MCF-7 cells) can be detected in the range of 3.4 × 105 to 1.7 × 108 particles per mL. The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be 7.41 × 104 particles per mL at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The aptasensor has been successfully used to detect exosomes in the serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Qunqun Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Juqian Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Yunlong Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Bangshun He
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, P. R. China.
| | - Chenxin Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
236
|
Fu Z, Lu YC, Lai JJ. Recent Advances in Biosensors for Nucleic Acid and Exosome Detection. Chonnam Med J 2019; 55:86-98. [PMID: 31161120 PMCID: PMC6536430 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2019.55.2.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosensors are analytical devices for biomolecule detection that compromise three essential components: recognition moiety, transducer, and signal processor. The sensor converts biomolecule recognition to detectable signals, which has been applied in diverse fields such as clinical monitoring, in vitro diagnostics, food industry etc. Based on signal transduction mechanisms, biosensors can be categorized into three major types: optical biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, and mass-based biosensors. Recently, the need for faster, more sensitive detection of biomolecules has compeled researchers to develop various sensing techniques. In this review, the basic structure and sensing principles of biosensors are introduced. Additionally, the review discusses multiple recent works about nucleic acid and exosome sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Fu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James J. Lai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
237
|
Zaborowski MP, Lee K, Na YJ, Sammarco A, Zhang X, Iwanicki M, Cheah PS, Lin HY, Zinter M, Chou CY, Fulci G, Tannous BA, Lai CPK, Birrer MJ, Weissleder R, Lee H, Breakefield XO. Methods for Systematic Identification of Membrane Proteins for Specific Capture of Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Cell Rep 2019; 27:255-268.e6. [PMID: 30943406 PMCID: PMC6528836 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in biofluids potentially provides a source of disease biomarkers. At present there is no procedure to systematically identify which antigens should be targeted to differentiate cancer-derived from normal host cell-derived EVs. Here, we propose a computational framework that integrates information about membrane proteins in tumors and normal tissues from databases: UniProt, The Cancer Genome Atlas, the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project, and the Human Protein Atlas. We developed two methods to assess capture of EVs from specific cell types. (1) We used palmitoylated fluorescent protein (palmtdTomato) to label tumor-derived EVs. Beads displaying antibodies of interest were incubated with conditioned medium from palmtdTomato-expressing cells. Bound EVs were quantified using flow cytometry. (2) We also showed that membrane-bound Gaussia luciferase allows the detection of cancer-derived EVs in blood of tumor-bearing animals. Our analytical and validation platform should be applicable to identify antigens on EVs from any tumor type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Piotr Zaborowski
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Kyungheon Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Young Jeong Na
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alessandro Sammarco
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcin Iwanicki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Pike See Cheah
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Hsing-Ying Lin
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Max Zinter
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Chung-Yu Chou
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan
| | - Giulia Fulci
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Charles Pin-Kuang Lai
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael J Birrer
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
238
|
Zhao Z, Fan J, Hsu YMS, Lyon CJ, Ning B, Hu TY. Extracellular vesicles as cancer liquid biopsies: from discovery, validation, to clinical application. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1114-1140. [PMID: 30882822 PMCID: PMC6469512 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01123k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Substantial research has been devoted to elucidate the roles that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play in the regulation of both normal and pathological processes, and multiple studies have demonstrated their potential as a source of cancer biomarkers. However, several factors have slowed the development of liquid biopsy EV biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, including logistical and technical difficulties associated with reproducibly obtaining highly purified EVs suitable for diagnostic analysis. Significant effort has focused on addressing these problems, and multiple groups have now reported EV analysis methods using liquid biopsies that have the potential for clinical translation. However, there are still important issues that must be addressed if these discoveries and technical advances are to be used for clinical translation of EV cancer biomarkers from liquid biopsies. To address these issues, this review focuses on the potential application of EV biomarkers for diagnosis of major cancer types, discussing approaches for EV biomarker discovery and verification, EV clinical assay development, analytical and clinical validation, clinical trials, regulatory submission, and end user utilization for the intended clinical application. This review also discusses key difficulties related to these steps, and recommendations for how to best accomplish steps in order to translate EV-based biomarkers into clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
239
|
Wang S, Wang J, Wei W, Ma G. Exosomes: The Indispensable Messenger in Tumor Pathogenesis and the Rising Star in Antitumor Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1900008. [PMID: 32627408 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As natural secreted nanovesicles through the endolysosomal pathway, exosomes have attracted increasing attention over the past decades. An overwhelming number of studies have provided evidence for the intriguing roles that exosomes play in intercellular communication. They are widely involved in the transmission of biomolecule cargos between original cells and neighboring/distant cells in normal physiological processes. In addition, it has also been demonstrated that exosomes play vital roles in multiple biological pathways in the development of numerous diseases including cancer. Moreover, both natural and modified exosomes showed promising potential in serving as a versatile nanoplatform for cancer diagnosis and cancer therapy. This review aims to present a comprehensive and critical overview on the recent advances in exosome nanoscience and nanotechnology, ranging from their biogenesis, secretion, isolation, and biological function in tumor pathogenesis to their extensive antitumor applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
240
|
Lyu Y, Cui D, Huang J, Fan W, Miao Y, Pu K. Near‐Infrared Afterglow Semiconducting Nano‐Polycomplexes for the Multiplex Differentiation of Cancer Exosomes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lyu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Dong Cui
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Jiaguo Huang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Wenxuan Fan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore
- School of Biological ScienceNanyang Technological University Singapore 637551 Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
241
|
Lyu Y, Cui D, Huang J, Fan W, Miao Y, Pu K. Near-Infrared Afterglow Semiconducting Nano-Polycomplexes for the Multiplex Differentiation of Cancer Exosomes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4983-4987. [PMID: 30702188 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The detection of exosomes is promising for the early diagnosis of cancer. However, the development of suitable optical sensors remains challenging. We have developed the first luminescent nanosensor for the multiplex differentiation of cancer exosomes that bypasses real-time light excitation. The sensor is composed of a near-infrared semiconducting polyelectrolyte (ASPN) that forms a complex with a quencher-tagged aptamer. The afterglow signal of the nanocomplex (ASPNC), being initially quenched, is turned on in the presence of aptamer-targeted exosomes. Because detection of the afterglow takes place after the excitation, background signals are minimized, leading to an improved limit of detection that is nearly two orders of magnitude lower than that of fluorescence detection in cell culture media. Also, ASPNC can be easily tailored to detect different exosomal proteins by changing the aptamer sequence. This enables an orthogonal analysis of multiple exosome samples, potentially permitting an accurate identification of the cellular origin of exosomes for cancer diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lyu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Dong Cui
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Jiaguo Huang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Wenxuan Fan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore.,School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
242
|
Jalalian SH, Ramezani M, Jalalian SA, Abnous K, Taghdisi SM. Exosomes, new biomarkers in early cancer detection. Anal Biochem 2019; 571:1-13. [PMID: 30776327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are endosomal-derived vesicles, playing a major role in cell-to-cell communication. Multiple cells secret these vesicles to induce and inhibit different cellular and molecular pathways. Cancer-derived exosomes have been shown to affect development of cancer in different stages and contribute to the recruitment and reprogramming of both proximal and distal tissues. The growing interest in defining the clinical relevance of these nano-sized particles in cancers, has led to the identification of either tissue- or disease-specific exosomal contents, such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids as a source of new biomarkers which propose the diagnostic potentials of exosomes in early detection of cancers. In this review, we have discussed some aspects of exosomes including their contents, applications and isolation techniques in the field of early cancer detection. Although, exosomes are considered as ideal biomarkers in cancer diagnosis, due to their unique characteristics, there is still a long way in the development of exosome-based assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hamid Jalalian
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Students Research Committee, Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Jalalian
- Students Research Committee, Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
243
|
Campos-Silva C, Suárez H, Jara-Acevedo R, Linares-Espinós E, Martinez-Piñeiro L, Yáñez-Mó M, Valés-Gómez M. High sensitivity detection of extracellular vesicles immune-captured from urine by conventional flow cytometry. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2042. [PMID: 30765839 PMCID: PMC6376115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide an invaluable tool to analyse physiological processes because they transport, in biological fluids, biomolecules secreted from diverse tissues of an individual. EV biomarker detection requires highly sensitive techniques able to identify individual molecules. However, the lack of widespread, affordable methodologies for high-throughput EV analyses means that studies on biomarkers have not been done in large patient cohorts. To develop tools for EV analysis in biological samples, we evaluated here the critical parameters to optimise an assay based on immunocapture of EVs followed by flow cytometry. We describe a straightforward method for EV detection using general EV markers like the tetraspanins CD9, CD63 and CD81, that allowed highly sensitive detection of urinary EVs without prior enrichment. In proof-of-concept experiments, an epithelial marker enriched in carcinoma cells, EpCAM, was identified in EVs from cell lines and directly in urine samples. However, whereas EVs isolated from 5–10 ml of urine were required for western blot detection of EpCAM, only 500 μl of urine were sufficient to visualise EpCAM expression by flow cytometry. This method has the potential to allow any laboratory with access to conventional flow cytometry to identify surface markers on EVs, even non-abundant proteins, using minimally processed biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Campos-Silva
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Henar Suárez
- Department of Molecular Biology, UAM, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM-SO), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Luis Martinez-Piñeiro
- Servicio de Urología and Instituto Sanitario (Idipaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Yáñez-Mó
- Department of Molecular Biology, UAM, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM-SO), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
244
|
He D, Ho SL, Chan HN, Wang H, Hai L, He X, Wang K, Li HW. Molecular-Recognition-Based DNA Nanodevices for Enhancing the Direct Visualization and Quantification of Single Vesicles of Tumor Exosomes in Plasma Microsamples. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2768-2775. [PMID: 30644724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor exosomes (Exo) are presumed to expedite both the growth and metastasis of tumors by actively participating in nearly all aspects of cancer development. Tumor-derived Exos are thus proposed as a resource for diagnostic biomarkers in bodily fluids. However, most Exo assays require large samples and are time-consuming, complicated, and costly, and thus unsuited for practical applications. Herein, we show an ultrasensitive assay that can directly visualize and quantify tumor Exos in plasma microsamples (1 μL) at the single-vesicle level. The assay uses the specific binding of activatable aptamer probes (AAP) to target Exos captured by Exo-specific antibodies on the surface of a flow cell to produce activated fluorescence. Furthermore, the bound AAP triggers in situ assembly of a DNA nanodevice with enhanced fluorescence that improves the Exo-detection sensitivity. By identifying tyrosine-protein-kinase-like 7 (PTK7), a total-internal-reflection-fluorescence (TIRF) assay for PTK7-Exo distinguishes target tumors from control subjects. This assay is also informative in monitoring tumor progression and early responses to therapy. The developed assay can be readily adapted for diagnosis and monitoring of other disease-associated Exo biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinggeng He
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410006 , China
| | - See-Lok Ho
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Hei-Nga Chan
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Huizhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410006 , China
| | - Luo Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410006 , China
| | - Xiaoxiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410006 , China
| | - Kemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410006 , China
| | - Hung-Wing Li
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
| |
Collapse
|
245
|
Serrano-Pertierra E, Oliveira-Rodríguez M, Rivas M, Oliva P, Villafani J, Navarro A, Blanco-López MC, Cernuda-Morollón E. Characterization of Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Isolated by Different Methods: A Comparison Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:bioengineering6010008. [PMID: 30658418 PMCID: PMC6466225 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are small membrane structures released by cells that act as potent mediators of intercellular communication. The study of EV biology is important, not only to strengthen our knowledge of their physiological roles, but also to better understand their involvement in several diseases. In the field of biomedicine they have been studied as a novel source of biomarkers and drug delivery vehicles. The most commonly used method for EV enrichment in crude pellet involves serial centrifugation and ultracentrifugation. Recently, different protocols and techniques have been developed to isolate EV that imply less time and greater purification. Here we carry out a comparative analysis of three methods to enrich EV from plasma of healthy controls: ultracentrifugation, ExoQuickTM precipitation solution (System Biosciences), and Total Exosome Isolation kit (Invitrogen). Our results show that commercial precipitation reagents are more efficient and enable higher EV enrichment factors compared with traditional ultracentrifugation, although subsequent imaging analysis is not possible with some of them. We hope that this work will contribute to the current research on isolation techniques to assist the progress of clinical applications with diagnostic or therapeutic objectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Serrano-Pertierra
- Department of Chemical and Enviromental Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Myriam Oliveira-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Rivas
- Department of Physics, Gijón Polytechnic School of Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Pedro Oliva
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Javier Villafani
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Ana Navarro
- Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - M Carmen Blanco-López
- Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Eva Cernuda-Morollón
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
246
|
Zhou YG, Kermansha L, Zhang L, Mohamadi RM. Miniaturized Electrochemical Sensors to Facilitate Liquid Biopsy for Detection of Circulating Tumor Markers. Bioanalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6229-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
247
|
Bae SH, Jo A, Park JH, Lim CW, Choi Y, Oh J, Park JM, Kong T, Weissleder R, Lee H, Moon J. Bioassay for monitoring the anti-aging effect of cord blood treatment. Theranostics 2019; 9:1-10. [PMID: 30662549 PMCID: PMC6332798 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Treating aged animals with plasma of an early developmental stage (e.g, umbilical cord plasma) showed an impressive potential to slow age-associated degradation of neuronal and cognitive functions. Translating such findings to clinical realities, however, requires effective ways for assessing treatment efficacy; ideal methods should be minimally invasive, amenable for serial assays, cost-effective, and quantitative. Methods: We developed a new biosensor approach to monitor anti-aging therapy. We advanced two key sensor components: i) a blood-borne metabolite was identified as a surrogate aging-marker; and ii) a compact and cost-effective assay system was developed for on-site applications. We treated aged mice either with human umbilical cord plasma or saline; unbiased metabolite profiling on mouse plasma revealed arachidonic acid (AA) as a potent indicator associated with anti-aging effect. We next implemented a competitive magneto-electrochemical sensor (cMES) optimized for AA detection directly from plasma. The developed platform could detect AA directly from small volumes of plasma (0.5 µL) within 1.5 hour. Results: cMES assays confirmed a strong correlation between AA levels and anti-aging effect: AA levels, while decreasing with aging, increased in the plasma-treated aged mice which also showed improved learning and memory performance. Conclusions: The cMES platform will empower both pre- and clinical anti-aging research by enabling minimally invasive, longitudinal treatment surveillance; these capacities will accelerate the development of anti-aging therapies, improving the quality of individual lives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hun Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Ala Jo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jae Hyun Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Woo Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Oh
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ji-Min Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - TaeHo Kong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jisook Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
248
|
Huo XL, Lu HJ, Xu JJ, Zhou H, Chen HY. Recent advances of ratiometric electrochemiluminescence biosensors. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:6469-6475. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01823a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ratiometric electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assays have been widely applied in biosensing because of eliminated outside interferences and improved reliability in detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Hai-Jie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| |
Collapse
|
249
|
Ko J, Hemphill M, Yang Z, Sewell E, Na YJ, Sandsmark DK, Haber M, Fisher SA, Torre EA, Svane KC, Omelchenko A, Firestein BL, Diaz-Arrastia R, Kim J, Meaney DF, Issadore D. Diagnosis of traumatic brain injury using miRNA signatures in nanomagnetically isolated brain-derived extracellular vesicles. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3617-3630. [PMID: 30357245 PMCID: PMC6334845 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00672e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The accurate diagnosis and clinical management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is currently limited by the lack of accessible molecular biomarkers that reflect the pathophysiology of this heterogeneous disease. To address this challenge, we developed a microchip diagnostic that can characterize TBI more comprehensively using the RNA found in brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Our approach measures a panel of EV miRNAs, processed with machine learning algorithms to capture the state of the injured and recovering brain. Our diagnostic combines surface marker-specific nanomagnetic isolation of brain-derived EVs, biomarker discovery using RNA sequencing, and machine learning processing of the EV miRNA cargo to minimally invasively measure the state of TBI. We achieved an accuracy of 99% identifying the signature of injured vs. sham control mice using an independent blinded test set (N = 77), where the injured group consists of heterogeneous populations (injury intensity, elapsed time since injury) to model the variability present in clinical samples. Moreover, we successfully predicted the intensity of the injury, the elapsed time since injury, and the presence of a prior injury using independent blinded test sets (N = 82). We demonstrated the translatability in a blinded test set by identifying TBI patients from healthy controls (AUC = 0.9, N = 60). This approach, which can detect signatures of injury that persist across a variety of injury types and individual responses to injury, more accurately reflects the heterogeneity of human TBI injury and recovery than conventional diagnostics, opening new opportunities to improve treatment of traumatic brain injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Ko
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - M Hemphill
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Z Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - E Sewell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Y J Na
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - D K Sandsmark
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Haber
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - S A Fisher
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E A Torre
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - K C Svane
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, NJ 08854, USA
| | - A Omelchenko
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, NJ 08854, USA
| | - B L Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, NJ 08854, USA
| | - R Diaz-Arrastia
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Kim
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA and Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - D F Meaney
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - D Issadore
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. and Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
250
|
Kalishwaralal K, Kwon WY, Park KS. Exosomes for Non-Invasive Cancer Monitoring. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800430. [PMID: 30358137 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, membrane-bound phospholipid vesicles having diameters of 50-200 nm, are secreted by all cell types and circulate in human body fluids. These vesicles are known to carry cellular constituents that are specific to the originating cells (e.g., cytoplasmic/membrane proteins, RNA, and DNA). Thus, exosomes, which are both structurally stable and abundant, are robust indicators of cancers and, as a result, they have been utilized to monitor this disease in a manner that is less invasive than gold standard tissue biopsies. In this review, the history of exosomes and the specific biomarkers present in exosomes that enable accurate monitoring of various diseases are described. In addition, methods for analysis of exosomes and identification of biomarkers are presented with special emphasis being given to isolation and signaling strategies. Lastly, integrated, microfluidic systems developed for exosome-based cancer diagnosis are described and future directions that research in this area will likely take are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalimuthu Kalishwaralal
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Young Kwon
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soo Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|