201
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202
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Fleischmann S, Komber H, Voit B. Diblock Copolymers as Scaffolds for Efficient Functionalization via Click Chemistry. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8007493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Fleischmann
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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203
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Wu P, Chen X, Hu N, Tam U, Blixt O, Zettl A, Bertozzi C. Biocompatible Carbon Nanotubes Generated by Functionalization with Glycodendrimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200705363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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204
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Hong V, Udit AK, Evans RA, Finn MG. Electrochemically protected copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1481-6. [PMID: 18504727 PMCID: PMC3574790 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction has found broad application in myriad fields. For the most demanding applications that require high yields at low substrate concentrations, highly active but air-sensitive copper complexes must be used. We describe here the use of an electrochemical potential to maintain catalysts in the active Cu(I) oxidation state in the presence of air. This simple procedure efficiently achieves excellent yields of CuAAC products from both small-molecule and protein substrates without the use of potentially damaging chemical reducing agents. A new water-soluble carboxylated version of the popular tris(benzyltriazolylmethyl)amine (TBTA) ligand is also described. Cyclic voltammetry revealed reversible or quasi-reversible electrochemical redox behavior of copper complexes of the TBTA derivative (2; E(1/2)=60 mV vs. Ag/AgCl), sulfonated bathophenanthroline (3; E(1/2)=-60 mV), and sulfonated tris(benzimidazoylmethyl)amine (4; E(1/2) approximately -70 mV), and showed catalytic turnover to be rapid relative to the voltammetry time scale. Under the influence of a -200 mV potential that was established by using a reticulated vitreous carbon working electrode, CuSO4 and 3 formed a superior catalyst. Electrochemically protected bioconjugations in air were performed by using bacteriophage Qbeta that was derivatized with azide moieties at surface lysine residues. Complete derivatization of more than 600 reactive sites per particle was demonstrated within 12 h of electrolysis with substoichiometric quantities of Cu3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Hong
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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205
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Lucas AH, Rittenhouse-Olson K, Kronenberg M, Apicella MA, Wang D, Schreiber JR, Taylor CE. Carbohydrate Moieties as Vaccine Candidates: meeting summary. Vaccine 2008; 28:1121-31. [PMID: 18579261 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In September 2007, a meeting entitled 'Carbohydrate Moieties as Vaccine Candidates' was held at the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD). This meeting brought together scientists from a number of disciplines to address issues concerning carbohydrate moieties as targets for vaccines for a variety of pathogens and tumors. In addition, the meeting participants addressed fundamental topics of glycoimmunology including the recognition of glycotopes by B and T lymphocytes, the ontogeny of anti-carbohydrate immune responses, peptide mimicry, carbohydrate antigen processing pathways and adjuvants. One session reported progress in the development of new tools such as computational algorithms, glycan arrays and oligosaccharide synthesis and their application to carbohydrate vaccine research. The session titles were: (1) immune response to bacterial carbohydrate antigens; (2) immune response to glycolipids; (3) immune response to carbohydrate antigens on other microbes and on tumors; (4) novel vaccine approaches; (5) novel tools in carbohydrate vaccine research; (6) bench to bedside: carbohydrate moieties as vaccine immunopotentiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Lucas
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
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206
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Binder WH, Sachsenhofer R. ‘Click’ Chemistry in Polymer and Material Science: An Update. Macromol Rapid Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 670] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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207
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Enzyme catalysis on solid surfaces. Trends Biotechnol 2008; 26:328-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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208
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Halila S, Manguian M, Fort S, Cottaz S, Hamaide T, Fleury E, Driguez H. Syntheses of Well-Defined Glyco-Polyorganosiloxanes by “Click” Chemistry and their Surfactant Properties. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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209
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Vegas AJ, Fuller JH, Koehler AN. Small-molecule microarrays as tools in ligand discovery. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 37:1385-94. [PMID: 18568164 DOI: 10.1039/b703568n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules that bind and modulate specific protein targets are increasingly used as tools to decipher protein function in a cellular context. Identifying specific small-molecule probes for each protein in the proteome will require miniaturized assays that permit screening of large collections of compounds against large numbers of proteins in a highly parallel fashion. Simple and general binding assays involving small-molecule microarrays can be used to identify probes for nearly any protein in the proteome. The assay may be used to identify ligands for proteins in the absence of knowledge about structure or function. In this tutorial review, we introduce small-molecule microarrays (SMMs) as tools for ligand discovery; discuss methods for manufacturing SMMs, including both non-covalent and covalent attachment strategies; and provide examples of ligand discovery involving SMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo J Vegas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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210
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Lin W, Fu Q, Zhang Y, Huang J. One-Pot Synthesis of ABC Type Triblock Copolymers via a Combination of “Click Chemistry” and Atom Transfer Nitroxide Radical Coupling Chemistry. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702404t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymer, State Education Ministry of China, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymer, State Education Ministry of China, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymer, State Education Ministry of China, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junlian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymer, State Education Ministry of China, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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211
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Zhou Y, Wang S, Xie Y, Guan W, Ding B, Yang Z, Jiang X. 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition as a general route for functionalization of Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:175601. [PMID: 21825674 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/17/175601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Triazole formation by 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions has been used to functionalize the surface of Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles. Fe(3)O(4) particle samples with diameters around 22 nm were synthesized without any additional stabilizer, and were then treated with silane coupling agent to react with propargyl acid. The alkynyl group on the Fe(3)O(4) surface provides better conjugation efficiency with azide derivative molecules, which led to their attachment through the formation of a 1, 2, 3-triazole ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Materials Physics, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China. National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
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212
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213
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A multidisciplinary approach for molecular diagnostics based on biosensors and microarrays. Ing Rech Biomed 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmret.2007.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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214
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Wakao M, Saito A, Ohishi K, Kishimoto Y, Nishimura T, Sobel M, Suda Y. Sugar Chips immobilized with synthetic sulfated disaccharides of heparin/heparan sulfate partial structure. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2499-504. [PMID: 18343110 PMCID: PMC2423310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 12/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate chip technology has a great potential for the high-throughput evaluation of carbohydrate-protein interactions. Herein, we report syntheses of novel sulfated oligosaccharides possessing heparin and heparan sulfate partial disaccharide structures, their immobilization on gold-coated chips to prepare array-type Sugar Chips, and evaluation of binding potencies of proteins by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging technology. Sulfated oligosaccharides were efficiently synthesized from glucosamine and uronic acid moieties. Synthesized sulfated oligosaccharides were then easily immobilized on gold-coated chips using previously reported methods. The effectiveness of this analytical method was confirmed in binding experiments between the chips and heparin binding proteins, fibronectin and recombinant human von Willebrand factor A1 domain (rh-vWf-A1), where specific partial structures of heparin or heparan sulfate responsible for binding were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Wakao
- Department of Nanostructure and Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Akihiro Saito
- Department of Nanostructure and Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Koh Ohishi
- Department of Nanostructure and Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yuko Kishimoto
- SUDx-Biotec corporation, 5-5-2 Minatojima-cho, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishimura
- Department of Nanostructure and Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- SUDx-Biotec corporation, 5-5-2 Minatojima-cho, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Michael Sobel
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington and VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington 98108
| | - Yasuo Suda
- Department of Nanostructure and Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- SUDx-Biotec corporation, 5-5-2 Minatojima-cho, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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215
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Watson SMD, Coleman KS, Chakraborty AK. A new route to the production and nanoscale patterning of highly smooth, ultrathin zirconium oxide films. ACS NANO 2008; 2:643-650. [PMID: 19206594 DOI: 10.1021/nn700138q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metal-stabilized bilayers, prepared by the self-assembly of octadecyltrichorosilane on an oxidized silicon surface followed by the Langmuir-Blodgett deposition of a monolayer of octadecylphosphonic acid, have been used to generate 1.6 nanometer thick, highly uniform, zirconium oxide films following annealing. Patterning of the thin films on the nanometre scale was achieved using nanodisplacement methodology, by careful control of an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe, which allowed the selective removal of the upper leaflet of the bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M D Watson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, UK
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216
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Maeda T, Nishimura SI. FRET-based direct and continuous monitoring of human fucosyltransferases activity: an efficient synthesis of versatile GDP-L-fucose derivatives from abundant D-galactose. Chemistry 2008; 14:478-87. [PMID: 17929334 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a facile and versatile protocol for the continuous monitoring of human fucosyltransferases activity by using fluorescence energy resonance transfer (FRET), and have explored the feasibility of its use in an inhibitor screening assay. A convenient sugar nucleotide with a fluorogenic probe, 6-deoxy-6-N-(2-naphalene-2-yl-acetamide)-beta-L-galactopyranos-1-yl-guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt (1), was efficiently synthesized from naturally abundant D-galactopyranose via a key intermediate, 6-azide-1,2,3,4-tetra-O-benzoyl-6-deoxy-beta-L-galactopyranose (10). It was demonstrated that the combined use of the glycosyl donor 1 and a dansylated acceptor substrate, sialyl-alpha2,3-LacNAc derivative (2) allowed us to carry out highly sensitive, direct, and continuous in vitro monitoring of the generation of sialyl Lewis X (SLe x), which is catalyzed by human alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase VI (FUT-VI). A kinetic analysis revealed that compound 1 was an excellent donor substrate (KM=0.94 microM and Vmax=0.14 microM min(-1)) for detecting human FUT-VI activity. To the best of our knowledge, this synthetic fluorogenic probe is the most sensitive and selective donor substrate for FUT-VI among all of the known GDP-Fuc analogues, including the parent GDP-Fuc. When a dansylated asparagine-linked glycopeptide 20, which is derived from egg yolk was employed as an alternate acceptor substrate, a FRET-based assay with compound 1 could be used to directly monitor the alpha1,6-fucosylation at the reducing terminal GlcNAc residue by human FUT-VIII (KM=175 microM and Vmax=0.06 microM/ min); this indicates that the present method might become a general protocol for the characterization of various mammalian fucosyltransferases in the presence of designated fluorogenic acceptor substrates. The present protocol revealed that compound 23, which was obtained by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between the disodium salt 16 and 1-ethynyl-naphthalene exhibits highly potent inhibitory effects against the FUT-VI-mediated sialyl Lewis X synthesis (IC50=5.4 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Maeda
- Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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217
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Srinivasachari S, Fichter KM, Reineke TM. Polycationic β-Cyclodextrin “Click Clusters”: Monodisperse and Versatile Scaffolds for Nucleic Acid Delivery. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:4618-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ja074597v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katye M. Fichter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172
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218
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Kim YG, Shin DS, Yang YH, Gil GC, Park CG, Mimura Y, Cooper DK, Rudd PM, Dwek RA, Lee YS, Kim BG. High-Throughput Screening of Glycan-Binding Proteins Using Miniature Pig Kidney N-Glycan-Immobilized Beads. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:215-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2007] [Revised: 01/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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219
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Marra A, Vecchi A, Chiappe C, Melai B, Dondoni A. Validation of the Copper(I)-Catalyzed Azide−Alkyne Coupling in Ionic Liquids. Synthesis of a Triazole-Linked C-Disaccharide as a Case Study. J Org Chem 2008; 73:2458-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jo7026454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Marra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Organica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy ; ;
| | - Alessandra Vecchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Organica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy ; ;
| | - Cinzia Chiappe
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Organica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy ; ;
| | - Bernardo Melai
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Organica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy ; ;
| | - Alessandro Dondoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Organica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy ; ;
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220
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Aufort M, Herscovici J, Bouhours P, Moreau N, Girard C. Synthesis and antibiotic activity of a small molecules library of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1195-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.11.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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221
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Zhang L, Bernard J, Davis TP, Barner-Kowollik C, Stenzel MH. Acid-Degradable Core-Crosslinked Micelles Prepared from Thermosensitive Glycopolymers Synthesized via RAFT Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200700663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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222
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Imamura A, Yoshikawa T, Komori T, Ando M, Ando H, Wakao M, Suda Y, Ishida H, Kiso M. Design and synthesis of versatile ganglioside probes for carbohydrate microarrays. Glycoconj J 2008; 25:269-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-007-9102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Revised: 12/25/2007] [Accepted: 12/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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223
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Ng SL, Yang PY, Chen KYT, Srinivasan R, Yao SQ. “Click” synthesis of small-molecule inhibitors targeting caspases. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:844-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b718304f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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224
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Wu P, Chen X, Hu N, Tam UC, Blixt O, Zettl A, Bertozzi CR. Biocompatible carbon nanotubes generated by functionalization with glycodendrimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:5022-5. [PMID: 18509843 PMCID: PMC2847391 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200705363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Nancy Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Un Chong Tam
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Ola Blixt
- Carbohydrate Synthesis and Protein Expression Core D, Consortium for Functional Glycomics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Alex Zettl
- Department of Physics, University of California and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA), Fax: (+1) 510-643-8497
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, and The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA), Fax: (+1) 510-643-2628
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225
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Kumar R, Maulik PR, Misra AK. Significant rate accelerated synthesis of glycosyl azides and glycosyl 1,2,3-triazole conjugates. Glycoconj J 2007; 25:595-602. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-007-9093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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226
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Liu Y, Feizi T, Campanero-Rhodes MA, Childs RA, Zhang Y, Mulloy B, Evans PG, Osborn HMI, Otto D, Crocker PR, Chai W. Neoglycolipid probes prepared via oxime ligation for microarray analysis of oligosaccharide-protein interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 14:847-59. [PMID: 17656321 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Revised: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neoglycolipid technology is the basis of a microarray platform for assigning oligosaccharide ligands for carbohydrate-binding proteins. The strategy for generating the neoglycolipid probes by reductive amination results in ring opening of the core monosaccharides. This often limits applicability to short-chain saccharides, although the majority of recognition motifs are satisfactorily presented with neoglycolipids of longer oligosaccharides. Here, we describe neoglycolipids prepared by oxime ligation. We provide evidence from NMR studies that a significant proportion of the oxime-linked core monosaccharide is in the ring-closed form, and this form selectively interacts with a carbohydrate-binding protein. By microarray analyses we demonstrate the effective presentation with oxime-linked neoglycolipids of (1) Lewis(x) trisaccharide to antibodies to Lewis(x), (2) sialyllactose analogs to the sialic acid-binding receptors, siglecs, and (3) N-glycans to a plant lectin that requires an intact N-acetylglucosamine core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Campus, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom
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227
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Uzawa H, Ito H, Neri P, Mori H, Nishida Y. Glycochips from Polyanionic Glycopolymers as Tools for Detecting Shiga Toxins. Chembiochem 2007; 8:2117-24. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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228
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Geng J, Lindqvist J, Mantovani G, Chen G, Sayers C, Clarkson G, Haddleton D. Well-Defined Poly(N
-glycosyl 1,2,3-triazole) Multivalent Ligands: Design, Synthesis and Lectin Binding Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200740089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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229
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Hanson S, Greenberg W, Wong CH. Probing Glycans With the Copper(I)-Catalyzed [3+2] Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200740112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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230
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Sugawara A, Sunazuka T, Hirose T, Nagai K, Yamaguchi Y, Hanaki H, Sharpless KB, Omura S. Design and synthesis via click chemistry of 8,9-anhydroerythromycin A 6,9-hemiketal analogues with anti-MRSA and -VRE activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6340-4. [PMID: 17869508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2007] [Revised: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An erythromycin analogue, 11,12-di-O-iso-butyryl-8,9-anhydroerythromycin A 6,9-hemiketal (1b), was found to be a potential anti-MRSA and anti-VRE agent. The use of copper catalyzed azide-acetylene cycloaddition, and click chemistry, readily provided 10 types of triazole analogues of 1b in good to nearly quantitative yield. Among the library, 5b exhibited activity against MRSA and VRE bacterial strains, representing more than twice the potency of 1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Sugawara
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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231
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232
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Park S, Lee MR, Shin I. Fabrication of carbohydrate chips and their use to probe protein–carbohydrate interactions. Nat Protoc 2007; 2:2747-58. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2007.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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233
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234
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Yu H, Chokhawala H, Huang S, Chen X. One-pot three-enzyme chemoenzymatic approach to the synthesis of sialosides containing natural and non-natural functionalities. Nat Protoc 2007; 1:2485-92. [PMID: 17406495 PMCID: PMC2586341 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2006.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chemoenzymatic synthesis, which combines the flexibility of chemical synthesis and the high selectivity of enzymatic synthesis, is a powerful approach to obtain complex carbohydrates. It is a preferred method for synthesizing sialic acid-containing structures, including those with diverse naturally occurring and non-natural sialic acid forms, different sialyl linkages and different glycans that link to the sialic acid. Starting from N-acetylmannosamine, mannose or their chemically or enzymatically modified derivatives, sialic acid aldolase-catalyzed condensation reaction leads to the formation of sialic acids and their derivatives. These compounds are subsequently activated by a CMP-sialic acid synthetase and transferred to a wide range of suitable acceptors by a suitable sialyltransferase for the formation of sialosides containing natural and non-natural functionalities. The three-enzyme coupled synthesis of sialosides can be carried out in one pot without the isolation of intermediates. The time for synthesis is 4-18 h. Purification and characterization of the product can be completed within 2-3 d.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xi Chen
- Correspondence should be addressed to X.C. , Tel: 530-754-6037; Fax: 530-752-8995; webpage: http://chemgroups.ucdavis.edu/~chen/home.htm
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235
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Rodionov VO, Presolski SI, Gardinier S, Lim YH, Finn MG. Benzimidazole and Related Ligands for Cu-Catalyzed Azide−Alkyne Cycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:12696-704. [PMID: 17914816 DOI: 10.1021/ja072678l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tris(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amines have been found to be superior accelerating ligands for the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. Candidates bearing different benzimidazole N-substituents as well as benzothiazole and pyridyl ligand arms were evaluated by absolute rate measurements under relatively dilute conditions by aliquot quenching kinetics and by relative rate measurements under concentrated conditions by reaction calorimetry. Benzimidazole-based ligands with pendant alkylcarboxylate arms proved to be advantageous in the latter case. The catalyst system was shown to involve more than one active species, providing a complex response to changes in pH and buffer salts and the persistence of high catalytic rate in the presence of high concentrations of coordinating ligands. The water-soluble ligand (BimC4A)3 was found to be especially convenient for the rapid and high-yielding synthesis of several functionalized triazoles with 0.01-0.5 mol % Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin O Rodionov
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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236
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Yuasa H, Honma H, Hashimoto H, Tsunooka M, Kojima-Aikawa K. Pentamer is the minimum structure for oligomannosylpeptoids to bind to concanavalin A. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5274-8. [PMID: 17689075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA) was performed for oligomannosylpeptoids, which were immobilized on microtiter plates through a streptavidin-biotin interaction. The other immobilization methods, a hydrophobic adsorption and a covalent attachment, were found inapplicable to the oligomannosylpeptoids. Penta- and hexamannosylpeptoids with a shorter or longer spacer were found to be significantly recognized by concanavalinA (ConA), while the smaller peptoids showed no bindings. A proportional relationship between the amount of bound ConA and the peptoid density on the microtiter plate was observed, indicating the absence of both cluster and overdense effects that would assist or inhibit the binding increasingly with the ligand density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideya Yuasa
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 J2-10, Nagatsutacho, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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237
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Tanaka K, Kageyama C, Fukase K. Acceleration of Cu(I)-mediated Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition by histidine derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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238
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Srinivasachari S, Liu Y, Zhang G, Prevette L, Reineke TM. Trehalose click polymers inhibit nanoparticle aggregation and promote pDNA delivery in serum. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:8176-84. [PMID: 16787082 DOI: 10.1021/ja0585580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, three new glycopolymers have been synthesized via "click polymerization" to promote nucleic acid delivery in the presence of biological media containing serum. These structures were designed to contain a trehalose moiety to promote biocompatibility, water solubility, and stability against aggregation, amide-triazole groups to enhance DNA binding affinity, and an oligoamine unit to facilitate DNA encapsulation, phosphate neutralization, and interactions with cell surfaces. A 2,3,4,2',3',4'-hexa-O-acetyl-6,6'-diazido-6,6'-dideoxy-D-trehalose (4) monomer was polymerized via copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition with a series of dialkyne-amide comonomers that contain either one, two, or three Boc-protected secondary amines (7a, 7b, or 7c, respectively). After deprotection, three water-soluble polycations (9a, 9b, or 9c) were obtained with similar degrees of polymerization (n = 56-61) to elucidate the role of amine number on nucleic acid binding, complex formation, stability, and cellular delivery. Gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide experiments showed that 9a-9c associated with plasmid DNA (pDNA) and formed complexes (polyplexes) at N/P ratios dependent on the amine number. TEM experiments revealed that 9a-9c polyplexes were small (50-120 nm) and had morphologies (spherical and rodlike) associated with the polymer chain stiffness. Dynamic light scattering studies in the presence of media containing serum demonstrated that 9c polyplexes had a low degree of flocculation, whereas 9a and 9b polyplexesd aggregate rapidly. Further biological studies revealed that these structures were biocompatible and deliver pDNA into HeLa cells. Particularly, 9c polyplexes promoted high delivery efficacy and gene expression profiles in the presence of serum.
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239
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Chevolot Y, Bouillon C, Vidal S, Morvan F, Meyer A, Cloarec JP, Jochum A, Praly JP, Vasseur JJ, Souteyrand E. DNA-based carbohydrate biochips: a platform for surface glyco-engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:2398-402. [PMID: 17328027 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Chevolot
- LEOM UMR 5512, CNRS/Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France.
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240
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Yu H, Huang S, Chokhawala H, Sun M, Zheng H, Chen X. Highly efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of naturally occurring and non-natural alpha-2,6-linked sialosides: a P. damsela alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase with extremely flexible donor-substrate specificity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:3938-44. [PMID: 16721893 PMCID: PMC2728590 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200600572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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241
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Maki T, Ishida K. Photocleavable Molecule for Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J Org Chem 2007; 72:6427-33. [PMID: 17636957 DOI: 10.1021/jo070621b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new photocleavable molecule for laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) was designed and synthesized. The molecule exhibited high sensitivity for negative mode MS detection with good chemical stability. The molecule was successfully applied to molecular tag for (LDI-MS). Kinetic measurement of the amidation reaction and monitoring of aminolysis of acetylated sugars were demonstrated with the molecular tag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Maki
- Joint Research Center, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
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242
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Carroll GT, Wang D, Turro NJ, Koberstein JT. Photons to illuminate the universe of sugar diversity through bioarrays. Glycoconj J 2007; 25:5-10. [PMID: 17610157 PMCID: PMC7088275 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-007-9052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Revised: 05/25/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this mini-review, we summarize the photochemical approaches for developing high-throughput carbohydrate microarray technologies. Newly established methods for photo-immobilizing unmodified monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides onto photoactive surfaces and coupling of photoactive carbohydrates onto polymer surfaces are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, MC 3157, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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243
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Hasegawa T, Numata M, Okumura S, Kimura T, Sakurai K, Shinkai S. Carbohydrate-appended curdlans as a new family of glycoclusters with binding properties both for a polynucleotide and lectins. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:2404-12. [PMID: 17637960 DOI: 10.1039/b703720a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Beta-1,3-glucans having carbohydrate-appendages (alpha-D-mannoside, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide and beta-lactoside) at the C6-position of every repeating unit can be readily prepared from curdlan (a linear beta-1,3-glucan) through regioselective bromination/azidation to afford 6-azido-6-deoxycurdlan followed by chemo-selective Cu(i)-catalyzed [3 + 2]-cycloaddition with various carbohydrate modules having a terminal alkyne. The resultant carbohydrate-appended curdlans can interact with polycytosine to form stable macromolecular complexes consistent with two polysaccharide strands and one polycytosine strand. Furthermore, these macromolecular complexes show strong and specific affinity toward carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins). Therefore, one can utilize these carbohydrate-appended curdlans as a new family of glycoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruaki Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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244
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Lu Y, Gervay-Hague J. Synthesis of C-4 and C-7 triazole analogs of zanamivir as multivalent sialic acid containing scaffolds. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:1636-50. [PMID: 17597592 PMCID: PMC2190540 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Revised: 06/02/2007] [Accepted: 06/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The relative reactivities of C-4 and C-7 azides derived from zanamivir were compared in cycloaddition reactions with a panel of alkynes. All of the reactions proceeded efficiently with no observable differences between primary and secondary azides. Significant rate differences were observed between several members of the alkyne panel. Most notably, a trialkyne derived from a 1,3,5-triazine core underwent complete reaction within 4 h, whereas an analogous trialkyne with an all carbon aromatic core required 18 h. These results suggest that the triazine core serves as an internal catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- University of California, Davis, Department of Chemistry, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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245
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Dondoni A. Triazole: the Keystone in Glycosylated Molecular Architectures Constructed by a Click Reaction. Chem Asian J 2007; 2:700-8. [PMID: 17464957 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200700015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The copper(I)-catalyzed modern version of the Huisgen-type azide-alkyne cycloaddition to give a 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole unit is introduced as a powerful ligation method for glycoconjugation. Owing to its high chemoselectivity and tolerance of a variety of reaction conditions, this highly atom-economic and efficient coupling reaction is especially useful for the effective construction of complex glycosylated structures such as clusters, dendrimers, polymers, peptides, and macrocycles. In all cases the triazole ring plays a key role by locking into position the various parts of these molecular architectures. The examples reported and briefly discussed in this short review highlight the use of this reaction in carbohydrate chemistry and pave the way to further developments and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Dondoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Organica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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246
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Zhang X, He Q, Yan X, Boullanger P, Li J. Glycolipid patterns supported by human serum albumin for E. coli recognition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 358:424-8. [PMID: 17493583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated that human serum albumin (HSA) patterns constructed in a solid substrate by using micro-contact printing (muCP) technique supported the deposition of phospholipid bilayer containing glycolipid, 10-tetradecyloxymethy-3,6,9,12-tetraoxahexacosyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside (PB1124). It is observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) that the obtained glycolipid patterns are well-defined, stable and can be used to recognize and immobilize Escherichia coli (E. coli). This strategy is promising to perform bacterial detection through solid surface recognition in a way of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- Beijing National Lab for Molecular Sciences, Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Science, The Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhong Guan Cun, Bei Yi Jie 2, Beijing, China
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247
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Chen G, Tao L, Mantovani G, Ladmiral V, Burt DP, Macpherson JV, Haddleton DM. Synthesis of azide/alkyne-terminal polymers and application for surface functionalisation through a [2 + 3] Huisgen cycloaddition process, "click chemistry". SOFT MATTER 2007; 3:732-739. [PMID: 32900136 DOI: 10.1039/b618325e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Living radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and a fluorescent comonomer with 2-bromo-2-methylpropionic acid 3-azidopropyl ester and 2-bromo-2-methylhept-6-yn-3-one as initiators has been successfully employed for the synthesis of fluorescently tagged azide and alkyne terminated PMMA with close to that predicted, PDI < 1.20, and good first order kinetics as expected for a living polymerisation. Cotton and organic resin surfaces have been functionalised with alkyne groups using a condensation with 4-chlorocarbonylbutyric acid prop-2-ynyl ester. The surfaces have been further modified using a Huisgen [2 + 3] cycloaddition ("click") reaction of polymeric and small molecule azides. Different functional azides, mono azido-PEG and a new fluorescent hostasol derivative have been prepared and tested as model substrates for cotton surface modification. FTIR, tensiometry, FE-SEM and confocal spectroscopy have been used to characterize the modified surfaces. Tensiometry shows an increase in the hydrophobicity of the surface; verified by FE-SEM which shows a change in surface morphology. The use of the fluorescence label allows fluorescent and confocal microscopy to demonstrate the surface reactions. This approach is shown to be very general allowing soft and hard surfaces with different geometries to be modified. In particular it is an excellent method to alter the nature of organic resins allowing the incorporation of many different functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaojian Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UKCV4 7AL.
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UKCV4 7AL.
| | | | - Vincent Ladmiral
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UKCV4 7AL.
| | - David P Burt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UKCV4 7AL.
| | | | - David M Haddleton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UKCV4 7AL.
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248
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Fleischmann S, Komber H, Appelhans D, Voit BI. Synthesis of Functionalized NMP Initiators for Click Chemistry: A Versatile Method for the Preparation of Functionalized Polymers and Block Copolymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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249
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Abstract
Our understanding of the different glycoconjugates present on cells, proteins and entire organisms is lagging far behind advances in genomics and proteomics. Carbohydrate sequencing and the synthesis of defined oligosaccharides are two key technologies that have contributed to progress in glycomics research. Synthetic tools and high-throughput experiments such as carbohydrate arrays are beginning to affect biological research. These techniques are now being applied to the development of carbohydrate-based diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Seeberger
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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250
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Suda Y, Arano A, Fukui Y, Koshida S, Wakao M, Nishimura T, Kusumoto S, Sobel M. Immobilization and clustering of structurally defined oligosaccharides for sugar chips: an improved method for surface plasmon resonance analysis of protein-carbohydrate interactions. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 17:1125-35. [PMID: 16984119 DOI: 10.1021/bc0600620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides are increasingly being recognized as important partners in receptor-ligand binding and cellular signaling. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a very powerful tool for the real-time study of the specific interactions between biological molecules. We report here an advanced method for the immobilization of oligosaccharides in clustered structures for SPR and their application to the analysis of heparin-protein interactions. Reductive amination reactions and linker molecules were designed and optimized. Using mono-, tri-, or tetravalent linker compounds, we incorporated synthetic structurally defined disaccharide units of heparin and immobilized them as ligands for SPR. Their binding to an important hemostatic protein, von Willebrand factor (vWf), and its known heparin-binding domain was quantitatively analyzed. These multivalent ligand conjugates exhibited reproducible binding behavior, with consistency of the surface conditions of the SPR chip. This novel technique for oligosaccharide immobilization in SPR studies is accurate, specific, and easily applicable to both synthetic and naturally derived oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Suda
- Department of Nanostructure and Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering and Venture Business Laboratory, Kagoshima University, Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
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