201
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Functional and phylogenetic alterations in gut microbiome are linked to graft-versus-host disease severity. Blood Adv 2021; 4:1824-1832. [PMID: 32353108 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is the main complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Changes in gut microbiota composition have been associated with subsequent aGVHD, and reconstitution of healthy microbiota is currently being explored as a therapeutic approach. However, the specific actors in the intestinal ecosystem involved in the pathologic process at the time of aGVHD onset are not yet fully known. We prospectively collected stool samples from patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT. Patients sampled at aGVHD onset were compared with non-GVHD patients. To identify phylogenetic and functional signatures of the disease process, we determined fecal short-chain fatty acid (SFCA) profiles and used high-throughput DNA sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to assess the microbiota composition. Microbiota alterations were highly specific of gastrointestinal (GI) aGVHD severity. Bacterial biomass and α-diversity were lower in severe aGVHD. We identified several bacterial signatures associated with severe aGVHD at disease onset; a negative correlation was observed with anaerobic bacteria of the Lachnospiraceae, especially the Blautia genus, and Ruminococcaceae families. In parallel, in severe aGVHD patients, we showed a dramatic decrease in the levels of the main SFCAs: acetate (75.8%), propionate (95.8%), and butyrate (94.6%). Mild aGVHD patients were characterized by conserved levels of propionate and Blautia propionate producers. Butyrate was significantly decreased in all GI aGVHD stages, representing a potential diagnostic marker of the disease. Specific microbiota and metabolic alterations were thus associated with aGVHD severity and may be useful for diagnostic and pathophysiologic purposes.
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202
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Prebiotics protect against acute graft-versus-host disease and preserve the gut microbiota in stem cell transplantation. Blood Adv 2021; 4:4607-4617. [PMID: 32991720 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Therefore, management of aGVHD is important for successful transplantation. Mucosal damage and alteration of the gut microbiota after allo-HSCT are key factors in the development of aGVHD. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the ability of prebiotics, which can alleviate mucosal damage and manipulate the gut microbiota, to mitigate posttransplantation complications, including aGVHD. Resistant starch (RS) and a commercially available prebiotics mixture, GFO, were administered to allo-HSCT recipients from pretransplantation conditioning to day 28 after allo-HSCT. Prebiotic intake mitigated mucosal injury and reduced the incidence of all aGVHD grades combined and of aGVHD grades 2 to 4. The cumulative incidence of skin aGVHD was markedly decreased by prebiotics intake. Furthermore, the gut microbial diversity was well maintained and butyrate-producing bacterial population were preserved by prebiotics intake. In addition, the posttransplantation fecal butyrate concentration was maintained or increased more frequently in the prebiotics group. These observations indicate that prebiotic intake may be an effective strategy for preventing aGVHD in allo-HSCT, thereby improving treatment outcomes and the clinical utility of stem cell transplantation approaches. This study was registered on the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) clinical trials registry (https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm) as #UMIN000027563.
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203
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Marizzoni M, Cattaneo A, Mirabelli P, Festari C, Lopizzo N, Nicolosi V, Mombelli E, Mazzelli M, Luongo D, Naviglio D, Coppola L, Salvatore M, Frisoni GB. Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Lipopolysaccharide as Mediators Between Gut Dysbiosis and Amyloid Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 78:683-697. [PMID: 33074224 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metagenomic data support an association between certain bacterial strains and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but their functional dynamics remain elusive. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between amyloid pathology, bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs: acetate, valerate, butyrate), inflammatory mediators, and markers of endothelial dysfunction in AD. METHODS Eighty-nine older persons with cognitive performance from normal to dementia underwent florbetapir amyloid PET and blood collection. Brain amyloidosis was measured with standardized uptake value ratio versus cerebellum. Blood levels of LPS were measured by ELISA, SCFAs by mass spectrometry, cytokines by using real-time PCR, and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction by flow cytometry. We investigated the association between the variables listed above with Spearman's rank test. RESULTS Amyloid SUVR uptake was positively associated with blood LPS (rho≥0.32, p≤0.006), acetate and valerate (rho≥0.45, p < 0.001), pro-inflammatory cytokines (rho≥0.25, p≤0.012), and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (rho≥0.25, p≤0.042). In contrast, it was negatively correlated with butyrate (rho≤-0.42, p≤0.020) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 (rho≤-0.26, p≤0.009). Endothelial dysfunction was positively associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, acetate and valerate (rho≥0.25, p≤0.045) and negatively with butyrate and IL10 levels (rho≤-0.25, p≤0.038). CONCLUSION We report a novel association between gut microbiota-related products and systemic inflammation with brain amyloidosis via endothelial dysfunction, suggesting that SCFAs and LPS represent candidate pathophysiologic links between the gut microbiota and AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira Marizzoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Festari
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Lopizzo
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Nicolosi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Mombelli
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Monica Mazzelli
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Naviglio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Memory Clinic and LANVIE - Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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204
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Snelson M, de Pasquale C, Ekinci EI, Coughlan MT. Gut microbiome, prebiotics, intestinal permeability and diabetes complications. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101507. [PMID: 33642218 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic condition. The composition of the gut microbiota is altered in diabetes with reduced levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) producers, notably butyrate. Butyrate is associated with a number of beneficial effects including promoting the integrity of the gastrointestinal barrier. Diabetes may lead to an increase in the permeability of the gut barrier, which is thought to contribute to systemic inflammation and worsen the microvascular complications of diabetes. Prebiotics, non-digestible carbohydrates, are fermented by the colonic microbiota leading to the production of a range of metabolites including SCFAs. Thus, prebiotics represent a dietary approach to increase levels of microbially produced SCFAs and improve intestinal permeability in diabetes. Whether prebiotics can lead to a reduction in the risk of developing diabetes complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Snelson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Cassandra de Pasquale
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elif I Ekinci
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Australia; Department of Medicine Austin Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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205
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Henig I, Yehudai-Ofir D, Zuckerman T. The clinical role of the gut microbiome and fecal microbiota transplantation in allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Haematologica 2021; 106:933-946. [PMID: 33241674 PMCID: PMC8017815 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.247395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo- HSCT) have improved in the recent decade; however, infections and graft-versus-host disease remain two leading complications significantly contributing to early transplant-related mortality. In past years, the human intestinal microbial composition (microbiota) has been found to be associated with various disease states, including cancer, response to cancer immunotherapy and to modulate the gut innate and adaptive immune response. In the setting of allo-HSCT, the intestinal microbiota diversity and composition appear to have an impact on infection risk, mortality and overall survival. Microbial metabolites have been shown to contribute to the health and integrity of intestinal epithelial cells during inflammation, thus mitigating graft-versus-host disease in animal models. While the cause-andeffect relationship between the intestinal microbiota and transplant-associated complications has not yet been fully elucidated, the above findings have already resulted in the implementation of various interventions aiming to restore the intestinal microbiota diversity and composition. Among others, these interventions include the administration of fecal microbiota transplantation. The present review, based on published data, is intended to define the role of the latter approach in the setting of allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Henig
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa
| | - Dana Yehudai-Ofir
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa
| | - Tsila Zuckerman
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa.
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206
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Ojeda J, Ávila A, Vidal PM. Gut Microbiota Interaction with the Central Nervous System throughout Life. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1299. [PMID: 33801153 PMCID: PMC8004117 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last years, accumulating evidence has suggested that the gut microbiota plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases via the gut-brain axis. Moreover, current research has helped to elucidate different communication pathways between the gut microbiota and neural tissues (e.g., the vagus nerve, tryptophan production, extrinsic enteric-associated neurons, and short chain fatty acids). On the other hand, altering the composition of gut microbiota promotes a state known as dysbiosis, where the balance between helpful and pathogenic bacteria is disrupted, usually stimulating the last ones. Herein, we summarize selected findings of the recent literature concerning the gut microbiome on the onset and progression of neurodevelopmental and degenerative disorders, and the strategies to modulate its composition in the search for therapeutical approaches, focusing mainly on animal models studies. Readers are advised that this is a young field, based on early studies, that is rapidly growing and being updated as the field advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ojeda
- Neuroimmunology and Regeneration of the Central Nervous System Unit, Biomedical Science Research Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile;
| | - Ariel Ávila
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Biomedical Science Research Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile;
| | - Pía M. Vidal
- Neuroimmunology and Regeneration of the Central Nervous System Unit, Biomedical Science Research Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile;
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207
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Hong T, Wang R, Wang X, Yang S, Wang W, Gao Q, Zhang X. Interplay Between the Intestinal Microbiota and Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Experimental Evidence and Clinical Significance. Front Immunol 2021; 12:644982. [PMID: 33815399 PMCID: PMC8010685 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.644982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a potentially curative therapy for many hematological disorders and autoimmune diseases, but acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) has remained a major obstacle that limits allo-HSCT and exhibits a daunting mortality rate. The gastrointestinal system is among the most common sites affected by aGVHD. Experimental advances in the field of intestinal microbiota research enhanced our understanding - not only of the quantity and diversity of intestinal microbiota - but also their association with homeostasis of the immune system and disease pathogenesis, including that of aGVHD. Meanwhile, ever-growing clinical evidence suggest that the intestinal microbiota is dysregulated in patients who develop aGVHD and that the imbalance may affect clinical outcomes, indicating a potential predictive role for microbiota dysregulation in aGVHD severity and prognosis. The current animal and human studies investigating the intestinal microbiota in aGVHD and the understanding of the influence and management of the microbiota in the clinic are reviewed herein. Taken together, monitoring and remodeling the intestinal microecology following allo-HSCT may provide us with promising avenues for diagnosing, preventing or treating aGVHD in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hong
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shijie Yang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Weihao Wang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiangguo Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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208
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Targeting the Gut Microbiome to Mitigate Immunotherapy-Induced Colitis in Cancer. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:583-593. [PMID: 33741313 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been a transformational advance in cancer therapy in the past decade. However, ICIs can produce immune-related adverse effects (irAEs), which can lead to both morbidity and premature termination of therapy. Recent studies suggest that the gut microbiota and its metabolites affect ICI efficacy and toxicity. Herein, we review such evidence in the context of ICI-induced colitis. In particular, the short-chain fatty acid butyrate, a microbial metabolite, has known protective effects on the intestine. We discuss how the use of dietary prebiotics, which can be metabolized by bacteria to produce butyrate, can be an intriguing new investigational approach to prevent ICI-associated colitis and lead to improved patient outcomes.
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209
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Park HJ, Jeong OY, Chun SH, Cheon YH, Kim M, Kim S, Lee SI. Butyrate Improves Skin/Lung Fibrosis and Intestinal Dysbiosis in Bleomycin-Induced Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052765. [PMID: 33803282 PMCID: PMC7967124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Despite several studies on SSc treatments, effective treatments for SSc are still lacking. Since evidence suggests an association between intestinal microbiota and SSc, we focused on butyrate, which has beneficial effects in autoimmune diseases as a bacterial metabolite. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of sodium butyrate (SB) using a bleomycin-induced fibrosis mouse model of SSc and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). SB attenuated bleomycin-induced dermal and lung fibrosis in mice. SB influenced fecal microbiota composition (phyla Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes, genera Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcus_g2). SB controlled macrophage differentiation in mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and bronchoalveolar lavage cells of mice with bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis. Profibrotic and proinflammatory gene expression was suppressed by SB administration in skin. Furthermore, SB inhibited transforming growth factor β1-responsive proinflammatory expression with increased acetylation of histone 3 in HDFs. Subcutaneous SB application had antifibrogenic effects on the skin. Butyrate ameliorated skin and lung fibrosis by improving anti-inflammatory activity in a mouse model of SSc. Butyrate may exhibit indirect and direct anti-fibrogenic action on fibroblasts by regulating macrophage differentiation and inhibition of histone deacetylase 3. These findings suggest butyrate as an SSc treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University and Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.P.); (O.-Y.J.); (S.H.C.); (Y.H.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Ok-Yi Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University and Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.P.); (O.-Y.J.); (S.H.C.); (Y.H.C.); (M.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Sung Hak Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University and Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.P.); (O.-Y.J.); (S.H.C.); (Y.H.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Yun Hong Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University and Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.P.); (O.-Y.J.); (S.H.C.); (Y.H.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Mingyo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University and Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.P.); (O.-Y.J.); (S.H.C.); (Y.H.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Suhee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University and Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.P.); (O.-Y.J.); (S.H.C.); (Y.H.C.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (S.-I.L.)
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University and Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.P.); (O.-Y.J.); (S.H.C.); (Y.H.C.); (M.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (S.-I.L.)
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210
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Primary Human Dendritic Cells and Whole-Blood Based Assays to Evaluate Immuno-Modulatory Properties of Heat-Killed Commensal Bacteria. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030225. [PMID: 33807734 PMCID: PMC8001086 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that the microbiome plays a critical role in training and maturation of the host immune system. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that microbiome perturbation is correlated with sub-optimal host responses to vaccines and cancer immunotherapy. As such, identifying species of commensal bacteria capable of modulating immunological outcomes is of considerable interest. Currently, the lack of reliable primary immune cell-based assays capable of differentiating immuno-modulatory properties of various commensal bacteria is a major limitation. Here, we demonstrate that primary human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDC) are capable of stratifying different strains of live and heat-killed commensal bacteria in an in vitro culture system. Specifically, heat-killed bacterial strains were able to differentially modulate co-stimulation/maturation markers CD80, CD83, and HLA-DR, as well as cytokine/chemokine signatures, such as IL-1b, MIP-1a, and TNFa in primary human MoDC. We further validated our observations using the TruCulture® (Myriad RBM, Inc., Austin, TX, USA) whole-blood ex vivo culture system. Using this ex vivo system allowed us to measure immune-altering effects of commensal bacteria in primary human whole-blood. As such, we report that both these primary in vitro and ex vivo systems are robust and enable identification, stratification, and differentiation of various commensal bacteria as potential modulators of host immunity.
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211
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Dutta D, Jafri F, Stuhr D, Knoll BM, Lim SH. A contemporary review of Clostridioides difficile infections in patients with haematologic diseases. J Intern Med 2021; 289:293-308. [PMID: 32910532 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile (C. difficile) infection is one of the most common causes of increased morbidity and mortality. Approximately 500 000 C. difficile infections (CDIs) occur each year in the United States, and they result in more than 29 000 deaths. Patients with haematologic diseases are at a higher risk for this infection due to frequent hospitalization and exposure to treatment-associated risk factors. Whilst several currently available antimicrobial agents offer resolution, recurrence of infection remains a major concern. Recent advancement in deciphering C. difficile virulence mechanisms and identification of its allies in contributing to the infection has led to the development of alternative treatment strategies. Here, we will provide a contemporary discussion of how major risk factors in haematologic diseases, such as immunosuppression, chemoradiation, use of antibiotic, proton pump inhibitor and opioid, and deficiency in butyrate and antimicrobial peptides contribute to C. difficile infection. Next, we will highlight different approaches to control and mitigate this infection such as antibiotic stewardship and faecal microbiota transplantation. Finally, we will explore several emerging treatments such as use of pre- and probiotics, immunotherapy and microbiome-sparing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dutta
- From the, Division of Hematology and Oncology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - F Jafri
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - D Stuhr
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.,Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
| | - B M Knoll
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - S H Lim
- From the, Division of Hematology and Oncology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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212
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Qayed M, Michonneau D, Socié G, Waller EK. Indole derivatives, microbiome and graft versus host disease. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 70:40-47. [PMID: 33647539 PMCID: PMC8466652 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Graft versus host disease is a life-threatening complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation driven by donor T cells reacting against disparate host antigens. Immune homeostasis within the gut plays a major role in the graft versus host response. Gut microbiota and its metabolites impact gut integrity, inflammation and immune activation within the gut. This review will focus on the role of indoles, a product of microbiota metabolism, on gut homeostasis and our current understanding on how that modulates graft versus host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Qayed
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Corresponding author: Edmund K. Waller MD, PhD, FACP, Professor of Medicine and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; Phone 404-727-4995; Fax 404-778-5530
| | - David Michonneau
- Hematology Transplantation, Saint Louis Hospital, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, INSERM U976, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Gerard Socié
- Hematology Transplantation, Saint Louis Hospital, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, INSERM U976, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Edmund K. Waller
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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213
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Rauth S, Karmakar S, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Recent advances in organoid development and applications in disease modeling. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188527. [PMID: 33640383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An improved understanding of stem cell niches, organogenesis, and disease models has paved the way for developing a three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture system. Organoid cultures can be derived from primary tissues (single cells or tissue subunits), adult stem cells (ASCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), or embryonic stem cells (ESCs). As a significant technological breakthrough, 3D organoid models offer a promising approach for understanding the complexities of human diseases ranging from the mechanistic investigation of disease pathogenesis to therapy. Here, we discuss the recent applications, advantages, and limitations of organoids as in vitro models for studying metabolomics, drug development, infectious diseases, and the gut microbiome. We further discuss the use of organoids in cancer modeling using high throughput sequencing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Rauth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Saswati Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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The gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide aggravates GVHD by inducing M1 macrophage polarization in mice. Blood 2021; 136:501-515. [PMID: 32291445 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The diversity of the human microbiome heralds the difference of the impact that gut microbial metabolites exert on allogenic graft-versus-host (GVH) disease (GVHD), even though short-chain fatty acids and indole were demonstrated to reduce its severity. In this study, we dissected the role of choline-metabolized trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the GVHD process. Either TMAO or a high-choline diet enhanced the allogenic GVH reaction, whereas the analog of choline, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol reversed TMAO-induced GVHD severity. Interestingly, TMAO-induced alloreactive T-cell proliferation and differentiation into T-helper (Th) subtypes was seen in GVHD mice but not in in vitro cultures. We thus investigated the role of macrophage polarization, which was absent from the in vitro culture system. F4/80+CD11b+CD16/32+ M1 macrophage and signature genes, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL9, and CXCL10, were increased in TMAO-induced GVHD tissues and in TMAO-cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome reversed TMAO-stimulated M1 features, indicating that NLRP3 is the key proteolytic activator involved in the macrophage's response to TMAO stimulation. Consistently, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and enhanced NF-κB nuclear relocalization were investigated in TMAO-stimulated BMDMs. In vivo depletion of NLRP3 in GVHD recipients not only blocked M1 polarization but also reversed GVHD severity in the presence of TMAO treatment. In conclusion, our data revealed that TMAO-induced GVHD progression resulted from Th1 and Th17 differentiation, which is mediated by the polarized M1 macrophage requiring NLRP3 inflammasome activation. It provides the link among the host choline diet, microbial metabolites, and GVH reaction, shedding light on alleviating GVHD by controlling choline intake.
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215
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Immunopathology and biology-based treatment of steroid-refractory graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2021; 136:429-440. [PMID: 32526035 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is 1 of the major life-threating complications after allogeneic cell transplantation. Although steroids remain first-line treatment, roughly one-half of patients will develop steroid-refractory GVHD (SR-GVHD), which portends an extremely poor prognosis. Many agents that have shown encouraging response rates in early phase 1/2 trials for prevention and treatment have been unsuccessful in demonstrating a survival advantage when applied in the setting of SR-GVHD. The discovery of novel treatments has been further complicated by the absence of clinically informative animal models that address what may reflect a distinct pathophysiology. Nonetheless, the combined knowledge of established bone marrow transplantation models and recent human trials in SR-GVHD patients are beginning to illuminate novel mechanisms for inhibiting T-cell signaling and promoting tissue tolerance that provide an increased understanding of the underlying biology of SR-GVHD. Here, we discuss recent findings of newly appreciated cellular and molecular mechanisms and provide novel translational opportunities for advancing the effectiveness of treatment in SR-GVHD.
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216
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Xu X, Li X, Zhao Y, Huang H. Immunomodulatory Effects of Histone Deacetylation Inhibitors in Graft-vs.-Host Disease After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641910. [PMID: 33732262 PMCID: PMC7959724 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors are currently the most studied drugs because of their beneficial effects on inflammatory response. Emerging data from numerous basic studies and clinical trials have shown that histone deacetylase inhibitors can suppress immune-mediated diseases, such as graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD), while retaining beneficial graft-vs.-leukemia (GVL) effects. These drugs prevent and/or treat GVHD by modifying gene expression and inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines, regulating the function of alloreactive T cells, and upregulating the function and number of regulatory T cells. Some of these drugs may become new immunotherapies for GVHD and other immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Zhao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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217
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Kim DS, Woo JS, Min HK, Choi JW, Moon JH, Park MJ, Kwok SK, Park SH, Cho ML. Short-chain fatty acid butyrate induces IL-10-producing B cells by regulating circadian-clock-related genes to ameliorate Sjögren's syndrome. J Autoimmun 2021; 119:102611. [PMID: 33631650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease caused by inflammation of the exocrine gland. The pathological hallmark of SS is the infiltration of lymphocytes into the salivary glands. Increased infiltration of T and B cells into salivary glands exacerbates symptoms of SS. Several recent studies have identified the role of gut microbiota in SS. Butyrate, one of the metabolites of the gut microbiota, regulates T cells; however, its effects on B cells and SS remain unknown. This study determined the therapeutic effect of butyrate on regulating B cells in SS. METHODS Various concentrations of butyrate were intraperitoneally injected three times per week in NOD/ShiLtJ (NOD) mice, the prototype animal model for SS, and observed for more than 10 weeks. Whole salivary flow rate and the histopathology of salivary glands were investigated. Human submandibular gland (HSG) cells and B cells in mouse spleen were used to confirm the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of butyrate. RESULTS Butyrate increased salivary flow rate in NOD mice and reduced inflammation of salivary gland tissues. It also regulated cell death and the expression of circadian-clock-related genes in HSG cells. Butyrate induced B cell regulation by increasing IL-10-producing B (B10) cells and decreasing IL-17-producing B cells, through the circadian clock genes RAR-related orphan receptor alpha and nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1. CONCLUSION The findings of this study imply that butyrate may ameliorate SS via reciprocal regulation of IL-10- and IL-17-producing B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Som Kim
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Laboratory of Immune Network, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Woo
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Laboratory of Immune Network, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Ki Min
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Choi
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Laboratory of Immune Network, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Moon
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Laboratory of Immune Network, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Park
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Laboratory of Immune Network, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-La Cho
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Laboratory of Immune Network, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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Andrlová H, van den Brink MRM, Markey KA. An Unconventional View of T Cell Reconstitution After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Oncol 2021; 10:608923. [PMID: 33680931 PMCID: PMC7930482 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.608923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is performed as curative-intent therapy for hematologic malignancies and non-malignant hematologic, immunological and metabolic disorders, however, its broader implementation is limited by high rates of transplantation-related complications and a 2-year mortality that approaches 50%. Robust reconstitution of a functioning innate and adaptive immune system is a critical contributor to good long-term patient outcomes, primarily to prevent and overcome post-transplantation infectious complications and ensure adequate graft-versus-leukemia effects. There is increasing evidence that unconventional T cells may have an important immunomodulatory role after allo-HCT, which may be at least partially dependent on the post-transplantation intestinal microbiome. Here we discuss the role of immune reconstitution in allo-HCT outcome, focusing on unconventional T cells, specifically mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, γδ (gd) T cells, and invariant NK T (iNKT) cells. We provide an overview of the mechanistic preclinical and associative clinical studies that have been performed. We also discuss the emerging role of the intestinal microbiome with regard to hematopoietic function and overall immune reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Andrlová
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marcel R. M. van den Brink
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kate A. Markey
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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220
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221
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Sofi MH, Wu Y, Ticer T, Schutt S, Bastian D, Choi HJ, Tian L, Mealer C, Liu C, Westwater C, Armeson KE, Alekseyenko AV, Yu XZ. A single strain of Bacteroides fragilis protects gut integrity and reduces GVHD. JCI Insight 2021; 6:136841. [PMID: 33554953 PMCID: PMC7934839 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a pathological process caused by an exaggerated donor lymphocyte response to host antigens after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Donor T cells undergo extensive clonal expansion and differentiation, which culminate in damage to recipient target organs. Damage to the gastrointestinal tract is a main contributor to morbidity and mortality. The loss of diversity among intestinal bacteria caused by pretransplant conditioning regimens leads to an outgrowth of opportunistic pathogens and exacerbated GVHD after allo-HCT. Using murine models of allo-HCT, we found that an increase of Bacteroides in the intestinal microbiota of the recipients was associated with reduced GVHD in mice given fecal microbial transplantation. Administration of Bacteroides fragilis through oral gavage increased gut microbiota diversity and beneficial commensal bacteria and significantly ameliorated acute and chronic GVHD development. Preservation of gut integrity following B. fragilis exposure was likely attributed to increased short chain fatty acids, IL-22, and regulatory T cells, which in turn improved gut tight junction integrity and reduced inflammatory cytokine production of pathogenic T cells. The current study provides a proof of concept that a single strain of commensal bacteria can be a safe and effective means to protect gut integrity and ameliorate GVHD after allo-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hanief Sofi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Taylor Ticer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Steven Schutt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - David Bastian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hee-Jin Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Linlu Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Corey Mealer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Caroline Westwater
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kent E Armeson
- Biomedical Informatics Center and Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, and Department of Healthcare Leadership & Management, College of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander V Alekseyenko
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Biomedical Informatics Center and Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, and Department of Healthcare Leadership & Management, College of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Song Q, Wang X, Wu X, Kang TH, Qin H, Zhao D, Jenq RR, van den Brink MRM, Riggs AD, Martin PJ, Chen YZ, Zeng D. IL-22-dependent dysbiosis and mononuclear phagocyte depletion contribute to steroid-resistant gut graft-versus-host disease in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:805. [PMID: 33547295 PMCID: PMC7865028 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Efforts to improve the prognosis of steroid-resistant gut acute graft-versus-host-disease (SR-Gut-aGVHD) have suffered from poor understanding of its pathogenesis. Here we show that the pathogenesis of SR-Gut-aGVHD is associated with reduction of IFN-γ+ Th/Tc1 cells and preferential expansion of IL-17-IL-22+ Th/Tc22 cells. The IL-22 from Th/Tc22 cells causes dysbiosis in a Reg3γ-dependent manner. Transplantation of IFN-γ-deficient donor CD8+ T cells in the absence of CD4+ T cells produces a phenocopy of SR-Gut-aGVHD. IFN-γ deficiency in donor CD8+ T cells also leads to a PD-1-dependent depletion of intestinal protective CX3CR1hi mononuclear phagocytes (MNP), which also augments expansion of Tc22 cells. Supporting the dual regulation, simultaneous dysbiosis induction and depletion of CX3CR1hi MNP results in full-blown Gut-aGVHD. Our results thus provide insights into SR-Gut-aGVHD pathogenesis and suggest the potential efficacy of IL-22 antagonists and IFN-γ agonists in SR-Gut-aGVHD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiao Song
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Fujian Medical University Center of Translational Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, and Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Department of Integrative Genomics Core, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tae Hyuk Kang
- Department of Integrative Genomics Core, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Hanjun Qin
- Department of Integrative Genomics Core, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Dongchang Zhao
- The Tisch Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert R Jenq
- Departments of Genomic Medicine and Stem Cell Transplantation Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Department of Medicine, Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur D Riggs
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Martin
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yuan-Zhong Chen
- Fujian Medical University Center of Translational Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, and Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Defu Zeng
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Alhabeeb H, AlFaiz A, Kutbi E, AlShahrani D, Alsuhail A, AlRajhi S, Alotaibi N, Alotaibi K, AlAmri S, Alghamdi S, AlJohani N. Gut Hormones in Health and Obesity: The Upcoming Role of Short Chain Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020481. [PMID: 33572661 PMCID: PMC7911102 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We are currently facing an obesity pandemic, with worldwide obesity rates having tripled since 1975. Obesity is one of the main risk factors for the development of non-communicable diseases, which are now the leading cause of death worldwide. This calls for urgent action towards understanding the underlying mechanisms behind the development of obesity as well as developing more effective treatments and interventions. Appetite is carefully regulated in humans via the interaction between the central nervous system and peripheral hormones. This involves a delicate balance in external stimuli, circulating satiating and appetite stimulating hormones, and correct functioning of neuronal signals. Any changes in this equilibrium can lead to an imbalance in energy intake versus expenditure, which often leads to overeating, and potentially weight gain resulting in overweight or obesity. Several lines of research have shown imbalances in gut hormones are found in those who are overweight or obese, which may be contributing to their condition. Therefore, this review examines the evidence for targeting gut hormones in the treatment of obesity by discussing how their dysregulation influences food intake, the potential possibility of altering the circulating levels of these hormones for treating obesity, as well as the role of short chain fatty acids and protein as novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habeeb Alhabeeb
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City—KFMC, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (E.K.); (D.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ali AlFaiz
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City—KFMC, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (E.K.); (D.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Emad Kutbi
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City—KFMC, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (E.K.); (D.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Dayel AlShahrani
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City—KFMC, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (E.K.); (D.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Abdullah Alsuhail
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City—KFMC, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (E.K.); (D.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Saleh AlRajhi
- Family Medicine, King Fahad Medical City—KFMC, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nemer Alotaibi
- College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Khalid Alotaibi
- College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Saad AlAmri
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City—KFMC, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (E.K.); (D.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Saleh Alghamdi
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City—KFMC, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (E.K.); (D.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Naji AlJohani
- Obesity, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City—KFMC, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia;
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Masetti R, Zama D, Leardini D, Muratore E, Turroni S, Brigidi P, Pession A. Microbiome-Derived Metabolites in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1197. [PMID: 33530464 PMCID: PMC7865777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has emerged as a major character in the context of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The biology underpinning this relationship is still to be defined. Recently, mounting evidence has suggested a role for microbiome-derived metabolites in mediating crosstalk between intestinal microbial communities and the host. Some of these metabolites, such as fiber-derived short-chain fatty acids or amino acid-derived compounds, were found to have a role also in the transplant setting. New interesting data have been published on this topic, posing a new intriguing perspective on comprehension and treatment. This review provides an updated comprehensive overview of the available evidence in the field of gut microbiome-derived metabolites and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Masetti
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seràgnoli”, Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (R.M.); (D.Z.); (E.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Daniele Zama
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seràgnoli”, Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (R.M.); (D.Z.); (E.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Davide Leardini
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seràgnoli”, Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (R.M.); (D.Z.); (E.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Edoardo Muratore
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seràgnoli”, Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (R.M.); (D.Z.); (E.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seràgnoli”, Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (R.M.); (D.Z.); (E.M.); (A.P.)
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Leblhuber F, Ehrlich D, Steiner K, Geisler S, Fuchs D, Lanser L, Kurz K. The Immunopathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease Is Related to the Composition of Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:361. [PMID: 33504065 PMCID: PMC7912578 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays an important role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Commensal and pathogenic enteric bacteria can influence brain and immune system function by the production of lipopolysaccharides and amyloid. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome induces local and consecutively systemic immune-mediated inflammation. Proinflammatory cytokines then trigger neuroinflammation and finally neurodegeneration. Immune-mediated oxidative stress can lead to a deficiency of vitamins and essential micronutrients. Furthermore, the wrong composition of gut microbiota might impair the intake and metabolization of nutrients. In patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) significant alterations of the gut microbiota have been demonstrated. Standard Western diet, infections, decreased physical activity and chronic stress impact the composition and diversity of gut microbiota. A higher abundancy of "pro-inflammatory" gut microbiota goes along with enhanced systemic inflammation and neuroinflammatory processes. Thus, AD beginning in the gut is closely related to the imbalance of gut microbiota. Modulation of gut microbiota by Mediterranean diet, probiotics and curcumin can slow down cognitive decline and alter the gut microbiome significantly. A multi-domain intervention approach addressing underlying causes of AD (inflammation, infections, metabolic alterations like insulin resistance and nutrient deficiency, stress) appears very promising to reduce or even reverse cognitive decline by exerting positive effects on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Leblhuber
- Department of Gerontology, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Clinic, Linz A-4020, Austria; (F.L.); (D.E.); (K.S.)
| | - Daniela Ehrlich
- Department of Gerontology, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Clinic, Linz A-4020, Austria; (F.L.); (D.E.); (K.S.)
| | - Kostja Steiner
- Department of Gerontology, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Clinic, Linz A-4020, Austria; (F.L.); (D.E.); (K.S.)
| | - Simon Geisler
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; (S.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; (S.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Lukas Lanser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria;
| | - Katharina Kurz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria;
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226
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Gut Microbiota Influence in Hematological Malignancies: From Genesis to Cure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031026. [PMID: 33498529 PMCID: PMC7864170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancies, including multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and leukemia, are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that affect the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. They originate from uncontrolled growth of hematopoietic and lymphoid cells from different stages in their maturation/differentiation and account for 6.5% of all cancers around the world. During the last decade, it has been proven that the gut microbiota, more specifically the gastrointestinal commensal bacteria, is implicated in the genesis and progression of many diseases. The immune-modulating effects of the human microbiota extend well beyond the gut, mostly through the small molecules they produce. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the role of the microbiota in modulating the immune system, its role in hematological malignancies, and its influence on different therapies for these diseases, including autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation, chemotherapy, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells.
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227
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Chang CC, Hayase E, Jenq RR. The role of microbiota in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:1121-1131. [PMID: 33412949 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1872541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) is commonly performed to treat a variety of benign and malignant hematological diseases. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major life-threatening complication that often occurs following allo-HSCT. Recently, improvements in methods to characterize the microbiota have led to a greater appreciation for how frequently and profoundly an alteration in microbial composition, or dysbiosis, can occur in allo-HSCT recipients to better decipher the complex interplay between microbiota and allo-HSCT outcomes. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the current knowledge of the microbiota's impact on allo-HSCT outcomes, including effects of microbiota-derived metabolites, and crosstalk between commensals and the allogeneic immune response. This article also summarizes the effects of HSCT and transplant-related procedures on microbiota, and recent developments in interventional strategies. EXPERT OPINION A growing body of literature indicates that the composition of the intestinal microbiota can function as a predictive biomarker for the risk and severity of acute GVHD, as well as overall survival, in patients undergoing allo-HSCT. Mechanisms underpinning these associations, however, are not well understood, and clinical strategies that modulate the microbiome to improve outcomes have yet to be fully developed. There is an unmet need to determine mechanisms to improve the efficacy of allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Chang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eiko Hayase
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert R Jenq
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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228
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Hill GR, Betts BC, Tkachev V, Kean LS, Blazar BR. Current Concepts and Advances in Graft-Versus-Host Disease Immunology. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 39:19-49. [PMID: 33428454 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-102119-073227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, each year over 30,000 patients undergo an allogeneic hema-topoietic stem cell transplantation with the intent to cure high-risk hematologic malignancy, immunodeficiency, metabolic disease, or a life-threatening bone marrow failure syndrome. Despite substantial advances in donor selection and conditioning regimens and greater availability of allograft sources, transplant recipients still endure the morbidity and mortality of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Herein, we identify key aspects of acute and chronic GVHD pathophysiology, including host/donor cell effectors, gut dysbiosis, immune system and cytokine imbalance, and the interface between inflammation and tissue fibrosis. In particular, we also summarize the translational application of this heightened understanding of immune dysregulation in the design of novel therapies to prevent and treat GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey R Hill
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA; .,Division of Medical Oncology University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Brian C Betts
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Victor Tkachev
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; , .,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Leslie S Kean
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; , .,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA;
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229
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Gong Y, Jin X, Yuan B, Lv Y, Yan G, Liu M, Xie C, Liu J, Tang Y, Gao H, Zhu Y, Huang Y, Wang W. G Protein-Coupled Receptor 109A Maintains the Intestinal Integrity and Protects Against ETEC Mucosal Infection by Promoting IgA Secretion. Front Immunol 2021; 11:583652. [PMID: 33488584 PMCID: PMC7821714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported an intricate link between the G protein-coupled receptor 109A (GPR109A) and intestinal health. Upon activation, induced by butyric acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid, GPR109A regulates the expression of tight junction proteins, exerts anti-inflammatory effects, and maintains the integrity of the intestinal barrier. However, its function and the mechanism of action in combating the infection caused by exogenous pathogenic microorganisms remain unclear. This study established an animal model of infection by oral enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) gavage to examine the underlying mechanism(s) and protective effects of GPR109A on the intestinal tract. Experimental GPR109A-/-and GPR109A+/+ mice were orally administered with 1 × 109 colony-forming units (CFUs) of ETEC, and changes in body weight were then observed. The colonization and translocation of ETEC in the intestine were detected by the plate counting method. The expression of tight junction proteins and the levels of inflammatory factors and secretory IgA (SIgA) in the intestine were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR), western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that GPR109A-/-mice were more susceptible to ETEC infection, showing more severe inflammatory reactions and intestinal damage. Moreover, the secretion of IgA in the intestinal tract of GPR109A+/+ mice was significantly increased after ETEC infection, whereas the IgA levels in GPR109A-/-mice did not change significantly. We added 5 g/L sodium butyrate to the drinking water of all mice. The GPR109A+/+ mice were protected against ETEC infection and no effect was observed in GPR109A-/-mice. Similarly, sodium butyrate increased the SIgA content in the gut of the GPR109A+/+ mice and no effect was observed in GPR109A-/-mice. In conclusion, activated GPR109A is effective against the colonization and translocation of ETEC in the gut and maintains the integrity of the intestinal barrier, possibly by promoting the secretion of intestinal IgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Gong
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory Animal Center of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Jin
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Boyu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yantao Lv
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangmou Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changxin Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Juxiong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yimei Tang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Gao
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Zhu
- Laboratory Animal Center of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Huang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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230
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Khuat LT, Dave M, Murphy WJ. The emerging roles of the gut microbiome in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1966262. [PMID: 34455917 PMCID: PMC8436969 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1966262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is used for the treatment of hematologic cancers and disorders. However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in which the donor immune cells attack the genetically-disparate recipient is a significant cause of morbidity. Acute GVHD is an inflammatory condition and the gastrointestinal system is a major organ affected but is also tied to beneficial graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effects. There is increasing interest on the role of the microbiome on immune function as well as on cancer progression and immunotherapy outcomes. However, there are still significant unanswered questions on the role the microbiome plays in GVHD progression or how to exploit the microbiome in GVHD prevention or treatment. In this review, concepts of HSCT with the focus on GVHD pathogenesis as well as issues in preclinical models used to study GVHD will be discussed with an emphasis on the impact of the microbiome. Factors affecting the microbiome and GVHD outcome such as obesity are also examined. The bridging of preclinical models and clinical outcomes in relation to the role of the microbiome will also be discussed along with possibilities for therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam T. Khuat
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maneesh Dave
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - William J. Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USAs
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231
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Bui A, Choi Y, Frankel AE, Koh AY. Unbiased Microbiome and Metabolomic Profiling of Fecal Samples from Patients with Melanoma. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2265:461-474. [PMID: 33704734 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1205-7_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota influence and modulate host immune responses. In preclinical cancer models, mice lacking gut microbiota have a markedly diminished response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Further, in melanoma patients, specific commensal gut microbiota have been associated with a positive clinical response to immunotherapy. In order to study the gut microbiome and metabolome, we have developed methods for fecal sample collection and processing, microbiome and metabolome profiling, and bioinformatic analysis. This protocol will be a useful tool for interrogating the taxonomic composition and functional output of a melanoma patient's gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Bui
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yongbin Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Arthur E Frankel
- Department of Internal Medicine, West Palm Beach Veterans Administration Medical Center, West Palm Beach, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Y Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA.
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232
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Nguyen CL, Docampo MD, van den Brink MR, Markey KA. The role of the intestinal microbiota in allogeneic HCT: clinical associations and preclinical mechanisms. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2020; 66:25-35. [PMID: 33388483 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a curative-intent therapy for patients with hematological malignancies, but despite advances in the field in recent years, there is still a significant risk of post-transplant mortality. In addition to relapse of the underlying malignancy, the key contributors to this high mortality are graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and infection. The intestinal microbiota is the collective term describing the community of bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa that resides in the human gastrointestinal tract. Bacterial communities have been studied most comprehensively, and disruption of these communities has been associated with the development of a variety of medical conditions in large clinical associative studies. Preclinical studies suggest a mechanistic role for the intestinal microbiota in the instruction and maintenance of both intestinal and systemic immune cell function. This review outlines our current understanding of the relationship between gut bacteria and allo-HCT outcomes, including infection, immune reconstitution, GVHD and relapse, drawing on evidence from both clinical associative studies and preclinical mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi L Nguyen
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa D Docampo
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcel Rm van den Brink
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kate A Markey
- Division of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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233
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Targeting the gut microbiome: An emerging trend in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood Rev 2020; 48:100790. [PMID: 33573867 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence has demonstrated the critical role of the gut microbiome in different cancer treatment modalities showing intensive crosstalk between microbiota and the host immune system. In cancer patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), conditioning regimens including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunosuppressive therapy, as well as antimicrobial prophylaxis, result in intestinal barrier disruption and massive changes in microbiota composition. According to clinical studies, a drastic loss of microbial diversity during HSCT is associated with enhanced pro-inflammatory immune response and an increased risk of transplant-related complications such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and mortality. In this review, we outline the current understanding of the role of microbiota diversity in the patient response to cancer therapies and highlight the impact of changes in the gut microbiome on clinical outcomes in post-HSCT patients. Moreover, the therapeutic implications of microbiota modulation by probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in hematologic cancer patients receiving HSCT are discussed.
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234
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Giaccone L, Faraci DG, Butera S, Lia G, Di Vito C, Gabrielli G, Cerrano M, Mariotti J, Dellacasa C, Felicetti F, Brignardello E, Mavilio D, Bruno B. Biomarkers for acute and chronic graft versus host disease: state of the art. Expert Rev Hematol 2020; 14:79-96. [PMID: 33297779 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2021.1860001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite significant advances in treatment and prevention, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) still represents the main cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Thus, considerable research efforts have been made to find and validate reliable biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification of GVHD. AREAS COVERED In this review the most recent evidences on different types of biomarkers studied for GVHD, such as genetic, plasmatic, cellular markers, and those associated with microbiome, were summarized. A comprehensive search of peer-review literature was performed in PubMed including meta-analysis, preclinical and clinical trials, using the terms: cellular and plasma biomarkers, graft-versus-host disease, cytokines, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. EXPERT OPINION In the near future, several validated biomarkers will be available to help clinicians in the diagnosis of GVHD, the identification of patients at high risk of GVHD development and in patients' stratification according to its severity. Then, immunosuppressive treatment could be tailored to each patient's real needs. However, more efforts are needed to achieve this goal. Although most of the proposed biomarkers currently lack validation with large-scale clinical data, their study led to improved knowledge of the biological basis of GVHD, and ultimately to implementation of GHVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Giaccone
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Stem Cell Transplant Program, A.O.U. Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Presidio Molinette , Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Danilo Giuseppe Faraci
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Stem Cell Transplant Program, A.O.U. Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Presidio Molinette , Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Butera
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Stem Cell Transplant Program, A.O.U. Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Presidio Molinette , Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lia
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Stem Cell Transplant Program, A.O.U. Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Presidio Molinette , Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (Biometra), University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Gabrielli
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Stem Cell Transplant Program, A.O.U. Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Presidio Molinette , Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Cerrano
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Stem Cell Transplant Program, A.O.U. Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Presidio Molinette , Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Jacopo Mariotti
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS , Rozzano, Italy
| | - Chiara Dellacasa
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Stem Cell Transplant Program, A.O.U. Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Presidio Molinette , Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Felicetti
- Transition Unit for Childhood Cancer Survivors, A.O.U. Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino , University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Brignardello
- Transition Unit for Childhood Cancer Survivors, A.O.U. Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino , University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (Biometra), University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetto Bruno
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Stem Cell Transplant Program, A.O.U. Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Presidio Molinette , Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
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235
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Guo H, Chou WC, Lai Y, Liang K, Tam JW, Brickey WJ, Chen L, Montgomery ND, Li X, Bohannon LM, Sung AD, Chao NJ, Peled JU, Gomes ALC, van den Brink MRM, French MJ, Macintyre AN, Sempowski GD, Tan X, Sartor RB, Lu K, Ting JPY. Multi-omics analyses of radiation survivors identify radioprotective microbes and metabolites. Science 2020; 370:370/6516/eaay9097. [PMID: 33122357 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay9097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation causes acute radiation syndrome, which leads to hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and cerebrovascular injuries. We investigated a population of mice that recovered from high-dose radiation to live normal life spans. These "elite-survivors" harbored distinct gut microbiota that developed after radiation and protected against radiation-induced damage and death in both germ-free and conventionally housed recipients. Elevated abundances of members of the bacterial taxa Lachnospiraceae and Enterococcaceae were associated with postradiation restoration of hematopoiesis and gastrointestinal repair. These bacteria were also found to be more abundant in leukemia patients undergoing radiotherapy, who also displayed milder gastrointestinal dysfunction. In our study in mice, metabolomics revealed increased fecal concentrations of microbially derived propionate and tryptophan metabolites in elite-survivors. The administration of these metabolites caused long-term radioprotection, mitigation of hematopoietic and gastrointestinal syndromes, and a reduction in proinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wei-Chun Chou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yunjia Lai
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kaixin Liang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jason W Tam
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - W June Brickey
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nathan D Montgomery
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren M Bohannon
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy/BMT, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anthony D Sung
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy/BMT, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nelson J Chao
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy/BMT, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan U Peled
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio L C Gomes
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Xianming Tan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R Balfour Sartor
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jenny P Y Ting
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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236
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Strobl J, Pandey RV, Krausgruber T, Bayer N, Kleissl L, Reininger B, Vieyra-Garcia P, Wolf P, Jentus MM, Mitterbauer M, Wohlfarth P, Rabitsch W, Stingl G, Bock C, Stary G. Long-term skin-resident memory T cells proliferate in situ and are involved in human graft-versus-host disease. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eabb7028. [PMID: 33208504 PMCID: PMC7615006 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb7028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The skin contains a population of tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm) that is thought to contribute to local tissue homeostasis and protection against environmental injuries. Although information about the regulation, survival program, and pathophysiological roles of Trm has been obtained from murine studies, little is known about the biology of human cutaneous Trm Here, we showed that host-derived CD69+ αβ memory T cell clones in the epidermis and dermis remain stable and functionally competent for at least 10 years in patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed low expression of genes encoding tissue egress molecules by long-term persisting Trm in the skin, whereas tissue retention molecules and stem cell markers were displayed by Trm The transcription factor RUNX3 and the surface molecule galectin-3 were preferentially expressed by host T cells at the RNA and protein levels, suggesting two new markers for human skin Trm Furthermore, skin lesions from patients developing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) showed a large number of cytokine-producing host-derived Trm, suggesting a contribution of these cells to the pathogenesis of GVHD. Together, our studies highlighted the relationship between the local human skin environment and long-term persisting Trm, which differs from murine skin. Our results also indicated that local tissue inflammation occurs through host-derived Trm after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Strobl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ram Vinay Pandey
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Krausgruber
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Bayer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Kleissl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bärbel Reininger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pablo Vieyra-Garcia
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Maaia-Margo Jentus
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Margit Mitterbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Wohlfarth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Rabitsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Stingl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Stary
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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237
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Hueso T, Ekpe K, Mayeur C, Gatse A, Joncquel-Chevallier Curt M, Gricourt G, Rodriguez C, Burdet C, Ulmann G, Neut C, Amini SE, Lepage P, Raynard B, Willekens C, Micol JB, De Botton S, Yakoub-Agha I, Gottrand F, Desseyn JL, Thomas M, Woerther PL, Seguy D. Impact and consequences of intensive chemotherapy on intestinal barrier and microbiota in acute myeloid leukemia: the role of mucosal strengthening. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1800897. [PMID: 32893715 PMCID: PMC7524297 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1800897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction chemotherapy (7 + 3 regimen) remains the gold standard for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but is responsible for gut damage leading to several complications such as bloodstream infection (BSI). We aimed to investigate the impact of induction chemotherapy on the intestinal barrier of patients with AML and in wild-type mice. Next, we assessed the potential benefit of strengthening the mucosal barrier in transgenic mice releasing a recombinant protein able to reinforce the mucus layer (Tg222). In patients, we observed a decrease of plasma citrulline, which is a marker of the functional enterocyte mass, of short-chain fatty acids and of fecal bacterial load, except for Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp., which became dominant. Both the α and β-diversities of fecal microbiota decreased. In wild-type mice, citrulline levels decreased under chemotherapy along with an increase of E. coli and Enterococcus spp load associated with concomitant histologic impairment. By comparison with wild-type mice, Tg222 mice, 3 days after completing chemotherapy, had higher citrulline levels, a faster healing epithelium, and preserved α-diversity of their intestinal microbiota. This was associated with reduced bacterial translocations. Our results highlight the intestinal damage and the dysbiosis induced by the 7 + 3 regimen. As a proof of concept, our transgenic model suggests that strengthening the intestinal barrier is a promising approach to limit BSI and improve AML patients' outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hueso
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Kenneth Ekpe
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Camille Mayeur
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Anna Gatse
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | | | - Guillaume Gricourt
- NGS Platform, IMRB, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Créteil, France
| | - Christophe Rodriguez
- NGS Platform, IMRB, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Créteil, France
| | - Charles Burdet
- School of Medicine, EA3964 University of Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Ulmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Cochin Hospital – HUPC, Paris, France
| | - Christel Neut
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Salah-Eddine Amini
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Patricia Lepage
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bruno Raynard
- Nutrition Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Centre, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Christophe Willekens
- Hematology Departement, Gustave Roussy Cancer Centre, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Micol
- Hematology Departement, Gustave Roussy Cancer Centre, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Stéphane De Botton
- Hematology Departement, Gustave Roussy Cancer Centre, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France,Allogeneic Stem Cell Department, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Luc Desseyn
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Muriel Thomas
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Paul-Louis Woerther
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France,EA 7380 Dynamyc, EnvA, UPEC, Paris-Est University, Créteil, France
| | - David Seguy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France,Nutrition Unit, CHU Lille, Lille, France,CONTACT David Seguy Nutrition Unit, Claude Huriez Hospital, F-59000 Lille, Lille, France
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238
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Kumari R, Palaniyandi S, Hildebrandt GC. Metabolic Reprogramming-A New Era How to Prevent and Treat Graft Versus Host Disease After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Has Begun. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:588449. [PMID: 33343357 PMCID: PMC7748087 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.588449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the solitary therapeutic therapy for many types of hematological cancers. The benefits of this procedure are challenged by graft vs. host disease (GVHD), causing significant morbidity and mortality. Recent advances in the metabolomics field have revolutionized our understanding of complex human diseases, clinical diagnostics and allow to trace the de novo biosynthesis of metabolites. There is growing evidence for metabolomics playing a role in different aspects of GVHD, and therefore metabolomic reprogramming presents a novel tool for this disease. Pre-transplant cytokine profiles and metabolic status of allogeneic transplant recipients is shown to be linked with a threat of acute GVHD. Immune reactions underlying the pathophysiology of GVHD involve higher proliferation and migration of immune cells to the target site, requiring shifts in energy supply and demand. Metabolic changes and reduced availability of oxygen result in tissue and cellular hypoxia which is extensive enough to trigger transcriptional and translational changes. T cells, major players in acute GVHD pathophysiology, show increased glucose uptake and glycolytic activity. Effector T (Teff) cells activated during nutrient limiting conditions in vitro or multiplying during GVHD in vivo, depend more on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Dyslipidemia, such as the increase of medium and long chain fatty and polyunsaturated acids in plasma of GVHD patients, has been observed. Sphingolipids associate with inflammatory conditions and cancer. Chronic GVHD (cGVHD) patients show reduced branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and increased sulfur-containing metabolites post HSCT. Microbiota-derived metabolites such as aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands, bile acids, plasmalogens and short chain fatty acids vary significantly and affect allogeneic immune responses during acute GVHD. Considering the multitude of possibilities, how altered metabolomics are involved in GVHD biology, multi-timepoints related and multivariable biomarker panels for prognosticating and understanding GVHD are needed. In this review, we will discuss the recent work addressing metabolomics reprogramming to control GVHD in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerhard C. Hildebrandt
- Division of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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239
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Li A, Abraham C, Wang Y, Zhang Y. New insights into the basic biology of acute graft-versus-host-disease. Haematologica 2020; 105:2540-2549. [PMID: 33131244 PMCID: PMC7604569 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.240291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an important therapy for many hematological and non-hematological diseases, acute graft-versus-host-disease (aGVHD) is a major obstacle to its success. The pathogenesis of aGVHD is divided into three distinct phases which occur largely as the result of interactions between infused donor T cells and numerous cell types of both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origin. In light of the disease's immensely complex biology, epigenetics has emerged as a framework with which to examine aGVHD. This review focuses on new findings that clarify the roles specific epigenetic regulators play in T cell-mediated aGVHD development and discusses how their modulation could disrupt that process to beneficial effects. DNA methyltransferases, histone methyltransferases and histone deacetylases are the most closely studied regulators across aGVHD priming, induction and effector phases and have been manipulated using drugs and other methods in both murine models and clinical trials to varying degrees of success. Antigen-presenting cells, effector T cells and memory T cells, among others, are targeted and affected by these regulators in different ways. Finally, our review highlights new directions for study and potential novel targets for modulation to abrogate aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Li
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology
| | - Ciril Abraham
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology
| | - Ying Wang
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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240
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Li X, Lin Y, Li X, Xu X, Zhao Y, Xu L, Gao Y, Li Y, Tan Y, Qian P, Huang H. Tyrosine supplement ameliorates murine aGVHD by modulation of gut microbiome and metabolome. EBioMedicine 2020; 61:103048. [PMID: 33039712 PMCID: PMC7553238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial communities and their metabolic components in the gut are of vital importance for immune homeostasis and have an influence on the susceptibility of the host to a number of immune-mediated diseases like acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, little is known about the functional connections between microbiome and metabolome in aGVHD due to the complexity of the gastrointestinal environment. METHOD Initially, gut microbiota and fecal metabolic phenotype in aGVHD murine models were unleashed by performing 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS)-based metabolomics. FINDINGS The group with aGVHD experienced a significant drop in Lachnospiraceae_unclassified but an increase in the relative abundance of Clostridium XI, Clostridium XIVa and Enterococcus. Meanwhile, a lower content of tyrosine was observed in the gut of aGVHD mice. The correlation analysis revealed that tyrosine-related metabolites were inversely correlated with Clostridium XIVa, besides, Blautia and Enterococcus also displayed the negative tendency in aGVHD condition. Apart from exploring the importance and function of tyrosine, different tyrosine diets were offered to mice during transplantation. Additional tyrosine supplements can improve overall survival, ameliorate symptoms at the early stage of aGVHD and change the structure and composition of gut microbiota and fecal metabolic phenotype. In addition, aGVHD mice deprived from tyrosine displayed worse manifestations than the vehicle diet group. INTERPRETATION The results demonstrated the roles and mechanisms of gut microbiota, indispensable metabolites and tyrosine in the progression of aGVHD, which can be an underlying biomarker for aGVHD diagnosis and treatment. FUNDING This research was funded by the International Cooperation and Exchange Program (81520108002), the National Key R&D Program of China, Stem Cell and Translation Research (2018YFA0109300), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81670169, 81670148, 81870080 and 91949115) and Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LQ19H080006).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yu Lin
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xue Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yanmin Zhao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun East Rd., Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yixue Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yamin Tan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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241
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Baghai Arassi M, Zeller G, Karcher N, Zimmermann M, Toenshoff B. The gut microbiome in solid organ transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2020; 24:e13866. [PMID: 32997434 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite ground-breaking advances in allogeneic transplantation, allograft rejection and immunosuppressant-specific complications remain a major challenge in transplant medicine. Growing evidence suggests the human gut microbiome as a potential contributor to transplant outcome and patient health. After breakthrough findings in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the relevance of the microbiome in solid organ transplantation (SOT) is becoming increasingly clear. Here, we review the role of the microbiome in SOT focusing on its significance for transplant-associated complications such as allograft rejection and infections, and highlight its potential impact on immunosuppressive treatment. Moreover, we shed light on the emerging role of the microbiome as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target and discuss current microbial intervention strategies. In addition, this review includes some practical considerations in designing clinical microbiome trials and offers some advice for the interpretation of the resulting data. Further investigation of the gut microbiome harbours countless clinical application possibilities and holds great promise of having a lasting impact on transplant medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Baghai Arassi
- Department of Paediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Zeller
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolai Karcher
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Zimmermann
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Toenshoff
- Department of Paediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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242
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Chen J, Zhang S, Chen C, Jiang X, Qiu J, Qiu Y, Zhang Y, Wang T, Qin X, Zou Z, Chen C. Crosstalk of gut microbiota and serum/hippocampus metabolites in neurobehavioral impairments induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:21429-21439. [PMID: 33079119 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04563b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome can be readily influenced by external factors, such as nanomaterials. However, the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in nanomaterials-induced neurotoxicity remains largely unknown. In this study, young mice aged 4 weeks were treated with either a vehicle solution or 26 mg kg-1 zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) by intragastric administration for 30 days. The neurobehavioral alterations were assessed by the Morris water maze and open field test. Gut microbiota and the metabolites in both blood and hippocampus were detected using 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics, respectively. The results demonstrated that oral exposure to ZnONPs resulted in neurobehavioral impairments in young mice, mainly manifested by spatial learning and memory deficits, and the inhibition of locomotor activity. Intriguingly, ZnONPs caused a marked disturbance of the gut microbial composition, but did not alter the α-diversity of the microbiota. The correlation analysis further revealed that neurobehavioral impairments induced by ZnONPs were closely associated with a perturbation in the gut microbiota composition that were specific to changes of neurobehavior-related genes (such as Bdnf and Dlg4), and correlated with serum and hippocampal metabolites. We also identified a unique metabolite [DG(15:0/0:0/22:4n6)] that linked relationships among the gut microbiota, metabolites and neurobehavior-related genes. Taken together, our results illustrated that oral exposure to ZnONPs not only altered the gut microbiome community, but also substantially disturbed the metabolic profiles leading to neurobehavioral impairments via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. These findings will provide a novel view for understanding the neurotoxicity of ZnONPs, and are helpful for identifying potential prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfu Qiu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianxiong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xia Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China. and Dongsheng Lung-Brain Disease Joint Lab, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China. and Dongsheng Lung-Brain Disease Joint Lab, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
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Vandenhove B, Canti L, Schoemans H, Beguin Y, Baron F, Graux C, Kerre T, Servais S. How to Make an Immune System and a Foreign Host Quickly Cohabit in Peace? The Challenge of Acute Graft- Versus-Host Disease Prevention After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583564. [PMID: 33193397 PMCID: PMC7609863 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) has been used as cellular immunotherapy against hematological cancers for more than six decades. Its therapeutic efficacy relies on the cytoreductive effects of the conditioning regimen but also on potent graft-versus-tumor (GVT) reactions mediated by donor-derived immune cells. However, beneficial GVT effects may be counterbalanced by acute GVHD (aGVHD), a systemic syndrome in which donor immune cells attack healthy tissues of the recipient, resulting in severe inflammatory lesions mainly of the skin, gut, and liver. Despite standard prophylaxis regimens, aGVHD still occurs in approximately 20–50% of alloHCT recipients and remains a leading cause of transplant-related mortality. Over the past two decades, advances in the understanding its pathophysiology have helped to redefine aGVHD reactions and clinical presentations as well as developing novel strategies to optimize its prevention. In this review, we provide a brief overview of current knowledge on aGVHD immunopathology and discuss current approaches and novel strategies being developed and evaluated in clinical trials for aGVHD prevention. Optimal prophylaxis of aGVHD would prevent the development of clinically significant aGVHD, while preserving sufficient immune responsiveness to maintain beneficial GVT effects and immune defenses against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Vandenhove
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Canti
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Hélène Schoemans
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Baron
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Carlos Graux
- Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU UCL Namur (Godinne), Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Tessa Kerre
- Hematology Department, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Servais
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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244
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Luo J, Li T, Xie J, Guo H, Liu L, Zhang G, Peng X. Guar gum different from Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide in alleviating colorectal cancer based on omics analysis. Food Funct 2020; 11:572-584. [PMID: 31853533 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02786f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear if guar gum can alleviate colorectal cancer (CRC). We evaluated the effect of guar gum (unmodified) on the mortality, colon status, serous tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentration, and gut microbial and colonic epithelial cell gene expression profiles in CRC mice and performed omics analyses to compare these with those of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP), whose main component is β-glucan (>90%). We found that guar gum had a CRC alleviating effect. However, it showed a 20% higher mortality rate, shorter colon length, worse colon status, larger number and size of tumors, higher concentration of serous TNF-α and upregulation of epithelial cell genes (Il10, Cytl1, Igkv7-33, Ighv1-14, Igfbp6 and Foxd3) compared to that of GLP. The higher relative abundance of Akkermansia, the alteration of microbial metabolic pathways, especially those involving chaperones and folding catalysts, fatty acid biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, lipid biosynthesis and pyruvate metabolism, and the upregulation of specific genes (Mcpt2, Mcpt9, Des and Sostdc1) were also determined in animals fed a guar gum diet. The results suggested that the alleviating effect of guar gum (an inexpensive polysaccharide) on CRC was inferior to that of GLP (a more expensive polysaccharide). This could potentially be attributed to the increased presence of Akkermansia, the alteration of 10 microbial metabolic pathways and the upregulation of 4 epithelial cell genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Luo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
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245
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Rawat K, Singh N, Kumari P, Saha L. A review on preventive role of ketogenic diet (KD) in CNS disorders from the gut microbiota perspective. Rev Neurosci 2020; 32:143-157. [PMID: 33070123 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in neurological diseases via the gut-brain axis. Many factors such as diet, antibiotic therapy, stress, metabolism, age, geography and genetics are known to play a critical role in regulating the colonization pattern of the microbiota. Recent studies have shown the role of the low carbohydrate, adequate protein, and high fat "ketogenic diet" in remodeling the composition of the gut microbiome and thereby facilitating protective effects in various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Gut microbes are found to be involved in the pathogenesis of various CNS disorders like epilepsy, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and stress, anxiety and depression. In vivo studies have shown an intricate link between gut microbes and KD and specific microbes/probiotics proved useful in in vivo CNS disease models. In the present review, we discuss the gut-brain bidirectional axis and the underlying mechanism of KD-based therapy targeting gut microbiome in in vivo animal models and clinical studies in neurological diseases. Also, we tried to infer how KD by altering the microbiota composition contributes towards the protective role in various CNS disorders. This review helps to uncover the mechanisms that are utilized by the KD and gut microbiota to modulate gut-brain axis functions and may provide novel opportunities to target therapies to the gut to treat neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Rawat
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Research Block B, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Research Block B, Chandigarh, India
| | - Puja Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Research Block B, Chandigarh, India
| | - Lekha Saha
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Research Block B, Chandigarh, India
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246
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Zhao T, Hu Y, Cheng L. Deep-DRM: a computational method for identifying disease-related metabolites based on graph deep learning approaches. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5922326. [PMID: 33048110 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION The functional changes of the genes, RNAs and proteins will eventually be reflected in the metabolic level. Increasing number of researchers have researched mechanism, biomarkers and targeted drugs by metabolites. However, compared with our knowledge about genes, RNAs, and proteins, we still know few about diseases-related metabolites. All the few existed methods for identifying diseases-related metabolites ignore the chemical structure of metabolites, fail to recognize the association pattern between metabolites and diseases, and fail to apply to isolated diseases and metabolites. RESULTS In this study, we present a graph deep learning based method, named Deep-DRM, for identifying diseases-related metabolites. First, chemical structures of metabolites were used to calculate similarities of metabolites. The similarities of diseases were obtained based on their functional gene network and semantic associations. Therefore, both metabolites and diseases network could be built. Next, Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) was applied to encode the features of metabolites and diseases, respectively. Then, the dimension of these features was reduced by Principal components analysis (PCA) with retainment 99% information. Finally, Deep neural network was built for identifying true metabolite-disease pairs (MDPs) based on these features. The 10-cross validations on three testing setups showed outstanding AUC (0.952) and AUPR (0.939) of Deep-DRM compared with previous methods and similar approaches. Ten of top 15 predicted associations between diseases and metabolites got support by other studies, which suggests that Deep-DRM is an efficient method to identify MDPs. CONTACT liangcheng@hrbmu.edu.cn. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION https://github.com/zty2009/GPDNN-for-Identify-ing-Disease-related-Metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhao
- Department of Computer Science at the Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Life Science at the Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Liang Cheng
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology at Harbin Medical University
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247
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Mayorgas A, Dotti I, Salas A. Microbial Metabolites, Postbiotics, and Intestinal Epithelial Function. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 65:e2000188. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Mayorgas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic ‐ IDIBAPS C/Rosselló, 149‐153, 3rd Floor Barcelona 08036 Spain
| | - Isabella Dotti
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic ‐ IDIBAPS C/Rosselló, 149‐153, 3rd Floor Barcelona 08036 Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic ‐ IDIBAPS C/Rosselló, 149‐153, 3rd Floor Barcelona 08036 Spain
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248
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Bajic D, Niemann A, Hillmer AK, Mejias-Luque R, Bluemel S, Docampo M, Funk MC, Tonin E, Boutros M, Schnabl B, Busch DH, Miki T, Schmid RM, van den Brink MRM, Gerhard M, Stein-Thoeringer CK. Gut Microbiota-Derived Propionate Regulates the Expression of Reg3 Mucosal Lectins and Ameliorates Experimental Colitis in Mice. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:1462-1472. [PMID: 32227170 PMCID: PMC8921751 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Regenerating islet-derived protein type 3 [Reg3] lectins are antimicrobial peptides at mucosal surfaces of the gut, whose expression is regulated by pathogenic gut microbes via interleukin-22- or Toll-like receptor signalling. In addition to antimicrobial effects, tissue protection is hypothesized, but has been poorly investigated in the gut. METHODS We applied antibiotic-induced microbiota perturbations, gnotobiotic approaches and a dextran-sodium sulfate [DSS] colitis model to assess microbial Reg3 regulation in the intestines and its role in colitis. We also used an intestinal organoid model to investigate this axis in vitro. RESULTS First, we studied whether gut commensals are involved in Reg3 expression in mice, and found that antibiotic-mediated reduction of Clostridia downregulated intestinal Reg3B. A loss in Clostridia was accompanied by a significant reduction of short-chain fatty acids [SCFAs], and knock-out [KO] mice for SCFA receptors GPR43 and GPR109 expressed less intestinal Reg3B/-G. Propionate was found to induce Reg3 in intestinal organoids and in gnotobiotic mice colonized with a defined, SCFA-producing microbiota. Investigating the role of Reg3B as a protective factor in colitis, we found that Reg3B-KO mice display increased inflammation and less crypt proliferation in the DSS colitis model. Propionate decreased colitis and increased proliferation. Treatment of organoids exposed to DSS with Reg3B or propionate reversed the chemical injury with a loss of expression of the stem-cell marker Lgr5 and Olfm4. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Clostridia can regulate Reg3-associated epithelial homeostasis through propionate signalling. We also provide evidence that the Reg3-propionate axis may be an important mediator of gut epithelial regeneration in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Bajic
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Techn. Univ. Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Niemann
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Techn. Univ. Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Katharina Hillmer
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Techn. Univ. Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Mejias-Luque
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Techn. Univ. Munich, Munich, Germany
- University Hospital Zurich, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sena Bluemel
- UC San Diego School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, San Diego, USA
- University Hospital Zurich, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melissa Docampo
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Immunology Program, New York, USA
| | - Maja C Funk
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Tonin
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Boutros
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- UC San Diego School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, San Diego, USA
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Techn. Univ. Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tsuyoshi Miki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Techn. Univ. Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Markus Gerhard
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Techn. Univ. Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph K Stein-Thoeringer
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Techn. Univ. Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division Microbiome and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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249
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High-choline diets ameliorate acute graft-versus-host disease. BLOOD SCIENCE 2020; 2:146-147. [PMID: 35400024 PMCID: PMC8975044 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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250
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Sabihi M, Böttcher M, Pelczar P, Huber S. Microbiota-Dependent Effects of IL-22. Cells 2020; 9:E2205. [PMID: 33003458 PMCID: PMC7599675 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are important contributors to immune responses against microbial and environmental threats and are of particular importance at epithelial barriers. These interfaces are continuously exposed to external factors and thus require immune components to both protect the host from pathogen invasion and to regulate overt inflammation. Recently, substantial efforts have been devoted to understanding how cytokines act on certain cells at barrier sites, and why the dysregulation of immune responses may lead to pathogenesis. In particular, the cytokine IL-22 is involved in preserving an intact epithelium, maintaining a balanced microbiota and a functioning defense system against external threats. However, a tight regulation of IL-22 is generally needed, since uncontrolled IL-22 production can lead to the progression of autoimmunity and cancer. Our aim in this review is to summarize novel findings on IL-22 and its interactions with specific microbial stimuli, and subsequently, to understand their contributions to the function of IL-22 and the clinical outcome. We particularly focus on understanding the detrimental effects of dysregulated control of IL-22 in certain disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.S.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
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