201
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Meng HM, Liu H, Kuai H, Peng R, Mo L, Zhang XB. Aptamer-integrated DNA nanostructures for biosensing, bioimaging and cancer therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 45:2583-602. [PMID: 26954935 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00645g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The combination of nanostructures with biomolecules leading to the generation of functional nanosystems holds great promise for biotechnological and biomedical applications. As a naturally occurring biomacromolecule, DNA exhibits excellent biocompatibility and programmability. Also, scalable synthesis can be readily realized through automated instruments. Such unique properties, together with Watson-Crick base-pairing interactions, make DNA a particularly promising candidate to be used as a building block material for a wide variety of nanostructures. In the past few decades, various DNA nanostructures have been developed, including one-, two- and three-dimensional nanomaterials. Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules selected by Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX), with specific recognition abilities to their targets. Therefore, integrating aptamers into DNA nanostructures results in powerful tools for biosensing and bioimaging applications. Furthermore, owing to their high loading capability, aptamer-modified DNA nanostructures have also been altered to play the role of drug nanocarriers for in vivo applications and targeted cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the design of aptamers and related DNA molecule-integrated DNA nanostructures as well as their applications in biosensing, bioimaging and cancer therapy. To begin with, we first introduce the SELEX technology. Subsequently, the methodologies for the preparation of aptamer-integrated DNA nanostructures are presented. Then, we highlight their applications in biosensing and bioimaging for various targets, as well as targeted cancer therapy applications. Finally, we discuss several challenges and further opportunities in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Min Meng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Hailan Kuai
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Ruizi Peng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Liuting Mo
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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202
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Yu M, Han S, Kou Z, Dai J, Liu J, Wei C, Li Y, Jiang L, Sun Y. Lipid nanoparticle-based co-delivery of epirubicin and BCL-2 siRNA for enhanced intracellular drug release and reversing multidrug resistance. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:323-332. [PMID: 28393563 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1307215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At present, combined therapy has become an effective strategy for the treatment of cancer. Co-delivery of the chemotherapeutic drugs and siRNA can more effectively inhibit tumor growth by nano drug delivery systems (NDDSs). Here, we prepared and evaluated a multifunctional envelope-type nano device (MEND). This MEND was a kind of composite lipid-nanoparticles possessing both the properties of liposomes and nanoparticles. In this study, an acid-cleavable ketal containing poly (β-amino ester) (KPAE) was used to bind siBCL-2 and the KPAE/siBCL-2 complexes were further coated by epirubicin (EPI) containing lipid to form EPI/siBCL-2 dual loaded lipid-nanoparticles. The results showed that the average size of EPI/siBCL-2-MEND was about 120 nm, and the average zeta potential was about 41 mV. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of EPI and siBCL-2 was 86.13% and 97.07%, respectively. EPI/siBCL-2 dual loaded lipid-nanoparticles showed enhanced inhibition efficiency than individual EPI-loaded liposomes on HepG2 cells by MTT assay. Moreover, western blot experiment indicated co-delivery of EPI/siBCL-2 can significantly down-regulate the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), while free EPI and EPI-loaded liposomes up-regulated it. Therefore, the strategy of co-delivering EPI and siBCL-2 simultaneously by lipid-nanoparticles showed promising potential in reversing multidrug resistance of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- a School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Shangcong Han
- a School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Zhongai Kou
- b Department of Neurology , Shengli Hospital , Dongying , China
| | - Jialing Dai
- a School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Jiao Liu
- a School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Chen Wei
- a School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Yitong Li
- a School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Lutao Jiang
- a School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Yong Sun
- a School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
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203
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Perisic T, Zhang Z, Foehr P, Hopfner U, Klutz K, Burgkart RH, Slobodianski A, Goeldner M, Machens HG, Schilling AF. Biodegradable poly (lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) scaffolds as carriers for genetically-modified fibroblasts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174860. [PMID: 28380080 PMCID: PMC5381796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in gene delivery into cells allow improved therapeutic effects in gene therapy trials. To increase the bioavailability of applied cells, it is of great interest that transfected cells remain at the application site and systemic spread is minimized. In this study, we tested clinically used biodegradable poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds (Vicryl & Ethisorb) as transient carriers for genetically modified cells. To this aim, we used human fibroblasts and examined attachment and proliferation of untransfected cells on the scaffolds in vitro, as well as the mechanical properties of the scaffolds at four time points (1, 3, 6 and 9 days) of cultivation. Furthermore, the adherence of cells transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165) and also VEGF165 protein secretion were investigated. Our results show that human fibroblasts adhere on both types of PLGA scaffolds. However, proliferation and transgene expression capacity were higher on Ethisorb scaffolds most probably due to a different architecture of the scaffold. Additionally, cultivation of the cells on the scaffolds did not alter their biomechanical properties. The results of this investigation could be potentially exploited in therapeutic regiments with areal delivery of transiently transfected cells and may open the way for a variety of applications of cell-based gene therapy, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Perisic
- Experimental Plastic Surgery, Department for Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peter Foehr
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sportsorthopaedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ursula Hopfner
- Experimental Plastic Surgery, Department for Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Klutz
- Experimental Plastic Surgery, Department for Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer H. Burgkart
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sportsorthopaedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexei Slobodianski
- Experimental Plastic Surgery, Department for Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Günther Machens
- Experimental Plastic Surgery, Department for Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Arndt F. Schilling
- Experimental Plastic Surgery, Department for Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Klinik für Unfallchirurgie, Orthopädie und Plastische Chirurgie, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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204
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Lee JH, Ku SH, Kim MJ, Lee SJ, Kim HC, Kim K, Kim SH, Kwon IC. Rolling circle transcription-based polymeric siRNA nanoparticles for tumor-targeted delivery. J Control Release 2017; 263:29-38. [PMID: 28373128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RNA, one of the major biological macromolecules, has been considered as an attractive building material for bottom-up fabrication of nanostructures in the past few decades due to advancements in RNA biology, RNA chemistry and RNA nanotechnology. Most recently, an isothermal enzymatic nucleic acid amplification method termed rolling circle transcription (RCT), which achieves a large-scale synthesis of RNA nanostructures, has emerged as one of fascinating techniques for RNAi-based therapies. Herein, we proposed a newly designed RCT method for synthesis of polymeric siRNA nanoflower, referred to 'RCT and annealing-generated polymeric siRNA (RAPSI)': (1) Amplification of the antisense strand of siRNA via RCT process and (2) annealing of chimeric sense strand containing 3'-terminal DNA nucleotides that provide enzyme cleavage sites. To verify its potentials in RNAi-based cancer therapy, the newly designed RAPSI nanoflower was further complexed with glycol chitosan (GC) derivatives, and systemically delivered to PC-3 xenograft tumors. The resultant RAPSI nanoparticles exhibited the improved particle stability against polyanion competition or nuclease attack. When the RAPSI nanoparticles reached to the cytoplasmic region, active mono siRNA was liberated and significantly down-regulated the expression of target VEGF gene in PC-3 cells. Excellent tumor-homing efficacy and anti-tumor effects of the RAPSI nanoparticles were further demonstrated. Overall, the proposed RCT-based polymeric siRNA nanoflower formulation can provide a new platform technology that allows further functional modifications via an advanced annealing method for systemic cancer RNAi therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyeop Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Hee Ku
- Technology Convergence R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jin Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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205
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Ha JS, Lee JS, Jeong J, Kim H, Byun J, Kim SA, Lee HJ, Chung HS, Lee JB, Ahn DR. Poly-sgRNA/siRNA ribonucleoprotein nanoparticles for targeted gene disruption. J Control Release 2017; 250:27-35. [PMID: 28167287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein-9 nuclease (Cas9) can be used for the specific disruption of a target gene to permanently suppress the expression of the protein encoded by the target gene. Efficient delivery of the system to an intracellular target site should be achieved to utilize the tremendous potential of the genome-editing tool in biomedical applications such as the knock-out of disease-related genes and the correction of defect genes. Here, we devise polymeric CRISPR/Cas9 system based on poly-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) nanoparticles consisting of polymeric sgRNA, siRNA, and Cas9 endonuclease in order to improve the delivery efficiency. When delivered by cationic lipids, the RNP nanoparticles built with chimeric poly-sgRNA/siRNA sequences generate multiple sgRNA-Cas9 RNP complexes upon the Dicer-mediated digestion of the siRNA parts, leading to more efficient disruption of the target gene in cells and animal models, compared with the monomeric sgRNA-Cas9 RNP complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seong Ha
- The Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaepil Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Hejin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Byun
- The Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ah Kim
- The Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jae Lee
- The Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Suk Chung
- The Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bum Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Ro Ahn
- The Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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206
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Ouyang M, Hill W, Lee JH, Hur SC. Microscale Symmetrical Electroporator Array as a Versatile Molecular Delivery System. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44757. [PMID: 28317836 PMCID: PMC5357946 DOI: 10.1038/srep44757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful developments of new therapeutic strategies often rely on the ability to deliver exogenous molecules into cytosol. We have developed a versatile on-chip vortex-assisted electroporation system, engineered to conduct sequential intracellular delivery of multiple molecules into various cell types at low voltage in a dosage-controlled manner. Micro-patterned planar electrodes permit substantial reduction in operational voltages and seamless integration with an existing microfluidic technology. Equipped with real-time process visualization functionality, the system enables on-chip optimization of electroporation parameters for cells with varying properties. Moreover, the system’s dosage control and multi-molecular delivery capabilities facilitate intracellular delivery of various molecules as a single agent or in combination and its utility in biological research has been demonstrated by conducting RNA interference assays. We envision the system to be a powerful tool, aiding a wide range of applications, requiring single-cell level co-administrations of multiple molecules with controlled dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxing Ouyang
- Rowland Institute at Harvard University, 100 Edwin H. Land Blvd., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Winfield Hill
- Rowland Institute at Harvard University, 100 Edwin H. Land Blvd., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jung Hyun Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Soojung Claire Hur
- Rowland Institute at Harvard University, 100 Edwin H. Land Blvd., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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207
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Jasinski D, Haque F, Binzel DW, Guo P. Advancement of the Emerging Field of RNA Nanotechnology. ACS NANO 2017; 11:1142-1164. [PMID: 28045501 PMCID: PMC5333189 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of RNA nanotechnology has advanced rapidly during the past decade. A variety of programmable RNA nanoparticles with defined shape, size, and stoichiometry have been developed for diverse applications in nanobiotechnology. The rising popularity of RNA nanoparticles is due to a number of factors: (1) removing the concern of RNA degradation in vitro and in vivo by introducing chemical modification into nucleotides without significant alteration of the RNA property in folding and self-assembly; (2) confirming the concept that RNA displays very high thermodynamic stability and is suitable for in vivo trafficking and other applications; (3) obtaining the knowledge to tune the immunogenic properties of synthetic RNA constructs for in vivo applications; (4) increased understanding of the 4D structure and intermolecular interaction of RNA molecules; (5) developing methods to control shape, size, and stoichiometry of RNA nanoparticles; (6) increasing knowledge of regulation and processing functions of RNA in cells; (7) decreasing cost of RNA production by biological and chemical synthesis; and (8) proving the concept that RNA is a safe and specific therapeutic modality for cancer and other diseases with little or no accumulation in vital organs. Other applications of RNA nanotechnology, such as adapting them to construct 2D, 3D, and 4D structures for use in tissue engineering, biosensing, resistive biomemory, and potential computer logic gate modules, have stimulated the interest of the scientific community. This review aims to outline the current state of the art of RNA nanoparticles as programmable smart complexes and offers perspectives on the promising avenues of research in this fast-growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel W Binzel
- College of Pharmacy, Division
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Medicine,
Department of Physiology & Cell Biology; and Dorothy M. Davis
Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Peixuan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Division
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Medicine,
Department of Physiology & Cell Biology; and Dorothy M. Davis
Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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208
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Lim KS, Lee DY, Valencia GM, Bull DA, Won YW. Direct Incorporation of Functional Peptides into M-DNA through Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:98-102. [PMID: 35632899 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conventional nonviral gene delivery methods suffer from the toxicity of the cationic nature of polymeric carriers. There is a significant need for a new method of gene delivery that overcomes the limitations and allows targeted gene delivery. In this study, we have developed a new method to incorporate functional peptides into DNA without the need for chemical conjugations by utilizing a ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) transition, which occurs between divalent metal ions and the sulfhydryl group in cysteine. To apply the LMCT transition to the incorporation of cysteine-containing targeting peptides into DNA, divalent metal ions must be first introduced to DNA. Zn2+ ions spontaneously intercalate into the DNA base pairs in the pH range of 7.0-8.5, resulting in the conversion of normal B-DNA to metal-bound DNA (M-DNA). We found that the Zn2+ ions present in M-DNA could interact with the sulfhydryl groups in cysteines of targeting peptides through the LMCT transition, and the M-DNA/peptide complex could specifically transfect the target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Suk Lim
- Division
of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, United States
| | - Daniel Y. Lee
- Division
of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Gabriel M. Valencia
- Division
of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, United States
| | - David A. Bull
- Division
of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Young-Wook Won
- Division
of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
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209
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Guo Y, Li S, Wang Y, Zhang S. Diagnosis–Therapy Integrative Systems Based on Magnetic RNA Nanoflowers for Co-drug Delivery and Targeted Therapy. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2267-2274. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingshu Guo
- Shandong
Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Shandong
Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Shandong
Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Shandong
Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
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210
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Antimisiaris S, Mourtas S, Papadia K. Targeted si-RNA with liposomes and exosomes (extracellular vesicles): How to unlock the potential. Int J Pharm 2017; 525:293-312. [PMID: 28163221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The concept of RNA interference therapeutics has been initiated 18 years ago, and the main bottleneck for translation of the technology into therapeutic products remains the delivery of functional RNA molecules into the cell cytoplasm. In the present review article after an introduction about the theoretical basis of RNAi therapy and the main challenges encountered for its realization, an overview of the different types of delivery systems or carriers, used as potential systems to overcome RNAi delivery issues, will be provided. Characteristic examples or results obtained with the most promising systems will be discussed. Focus will be given mostly on the applications of liposomes or other types of lipid carriers, such as exosomes, towards improved delivery of RNAi to therapeutic targets. Finally the approach of integrating the advantages of these two vesicular systems, liposomes and exosomes, as a potential solution to realize RNAi therapy, will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Antimisiaris
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio 26504, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering, FORTH/ICE-HT, Rio 26504, Greece.
| | - Spyridon Mourtas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio 26504, Greece
| | - Konstantina Papadia
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio 26504, Greece
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211
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Zhang Y, Leonard M, Shu Y, Yang Y, Shu D, Guo P, Zhang X. Overcoming Tamoxifen Resistance of Human Breast Cancer by Targeted Gene Silencing Using Multifunctional pRNA Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2017; 11:335-346. [PMID: 27966906 PMCID: PMC5488869 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Most breast cancers express estrogen receptor (ER) α, and the antiestrogen drug tamoxifen has been widely used for their treatment. Unfortunately, up to half of all ERα-positive tumors have intrinsic or acquired endocrine therapy resistance. Our recent studies revealed that the ER coactivator Mediator Subunit 1 (MED1) plays a critical role in tamoxifen resistance through cross-talk with HER2. Herein, we assembled a three-way junction (3-WJ) pRNA-HER2apt-siMED1 nanoparticle to target HER2-overexpressing human breast cancer via an HER2 RNA aptamer to silence MED1 expression. We found that these ultracompact RNA nanoparticles are very stable under RNase A, serum, and 8 M urea conditions. These nanoparticles specifically bound to HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells, efficiently depleted MED1 expression, and significantly decreased ERα-mediated gene transcription, whereas point mutations of the HER2 RNA aptamer on these nanoparticles abolished such functions. The RNA nanoparticles not only reduced the growth, metastasis, and mammosphere formation of the HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells but also sensitized them to tamoxifen treatment. These biosafe nanoparticles efficiently targeted and penetrated into HER2-overexpressing tumors after systemic administration in orthotopic xenograft mouse models. In addition to their ability to greatly inhibit tumor growth and metastasis, these nanoparticles also led to a dramatic reduction in the stem cell content of breast tumors when combined with tamoxifen treatment in vivo. Overall, we have generated multifunctional RNA nanoparticles that specifically targeted HER2-overexpressing human breast cancer, silenced MED1, and overcame tamoxifen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Marissa Leonard
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
- Graduate Program in Cancer and Cell Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Yi Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yongguang Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Dan Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Peixuan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
- Graduate Program in Cancer and Cell Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
- Corresponding Author: Tel: 513-558-3017. Fax: 513-558-4454.
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212
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Li N, Yang H, Yu Z, Li Y, Pan W, Wang H, Tang B. Nuclear-targeted siRNA delivery for long-term gene silencing. Chem Sci 2017; 8:2816-2822. [PMID: 28553519 PMCID: PMC5427680 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04293g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing effective nonviral siRNA delivery systems for long-term gene silencing remains a great challenge. Here we present a nuclear-targeted siRNA delivery system that can induce long-term gene silencing in cancer cells. The nanocarrier consists of gold nanoparticles modified with a dense shell of synthetic siRNAs and nuclear localization signal (NLS) peptides. The NLS peptide could translocate the nanocarrier into the nucleus and the siRNA was designed to target the promoter of thymidine kinase 1 and trigger the RNA-directed DNA methylation, thereby enabling the nuclear-targeted gene silencing. Compared with traditional gene silencing in cytoplasm, long-lasting gene knockdown could be achieved for the nuclear-targeted nanocarrier, which lasts for more than 30 days. The long-term gene silencing induced by nuclear-targeted siRNA delivery could effectively inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and prevent the formation of a tumor in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Institute of Molecular and Nano Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China .
| | - Huijun Yang
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Institute of Molecular and Nano Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China .
| | - Zhengze Yu
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Institute of Molecular and Nano Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China .
| | - Yanli Li
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Institute of Molecular and Nano Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China .
| | - Wei Pan
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Institute of Molecular and Nano Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China .
| | - Hongyu Wang
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Institute of Molecular and Nano Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China .
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Institute of Molecular and Nano Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China .
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213
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Charge-altering releasable transporters (CARTs) for the delivery and release of mRNA in living animals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E448-E456. [PMID: 28069945 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614193114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional delivery of mRNA to tissues in the body is key to implementing fundamentally new and potentially transformative strategies for vaccination, protein replacement therapy, and genome editing, collectively affecting approaches for the prevention, detection, and treatment of disease. Broadly applicable tools for the efficient delivery of mRNA into cultured cells would advance many areas of research, and effective and safe in vivo mRNA delivery could fundamentally transform clinical practice. Here we report the step-economical synthesis and evaluation of a tunable and effective class of synthetic biodegradable materials: charge-altering releasable transporters (CARTs) for mRNA delivery into cells. CARTs are structurally unique and operate through an unprecedented mechanism, serving initially as oligo(α-amino ester) cations that complex, protect, and deliver mRNA and then change physical properties through a degradative, charge-neutralizing intramolecular rearrangement, leading to intracellular release of functional mRNA and highly efficient protein translation. With demonstrated utility in both cultured cells and animals, this mRNA delivery technology should be broadly applicable to numerous research and therapeutic applications.
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214
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Calle D, Yilmaz D, Cerdan S, Kocer A. Drug delivery from engineered organisms and nanocarriers as monitored by multimodal imaging technologies. AIMS BIOENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2017.2.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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215
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Kim J, Kim D, Lee JB. DNA aptamer-based carrier for loading proteins and enhancing the enzymatic activity. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25507h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we synthesized DNA microparticles comprised of thrombin binding aptamers via rolling circle amplification (RCA). These DNA aptamer particles could successfully load a number of thrombins and the complexes have shown improved thrombin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Seoul
- Seoul
- South Korea
| | - Dajeong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Seoul
- Seoul
- South Korea
| | - Jong Bum Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Seoul
- Seoul
- South Korea
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216
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Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi)-based gene regulation has recently emerged as a promising strategy to silence genes that drive disease progression. RNAi is typically mediated by small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs), which, upon delivery into the cell cytoplasm, trigger degradation of complementary messenger RNA molecules to halt production of their encoded proteins. While RNAi has enormous clinical potential, its in vivo utility has been hindered because siRNAs are rapidly degraded by nucleases, cannot passively enter cells, and are quickly cleared from the bloodstream. To overcome these delivery barriers, siRNAs can be conjugated to nanoparticles (NPs), which increase their stability and circulation time to enable in vivo gene regulation. Here, we present methods to conjugate siRNA duplexes to NPs with gold surfaces. Further, we describe how to quantify the resultant amount of siRNA sense and antisense strands loaded onto the NPs using a fluorescence-based assay. This method focuses on the attachment of siRNAs to 13 nm gold NPs, but it is adaptable to other types of nucleic acids and nanoparticles as discussed throughout the protocol.
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217
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Kim KR, Kim HY, Lee YD, Ha JS, Kang JH, Jeong H, Bang D, Ko YT, Kim S, Lee H, Ahn DR. Self-assembled mirror DNA nanostructures for tumor-specific delivery of anticancer drugs. J Control Release 2016; 243:121-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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218
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Smekalova EM, Kotelevtsev YV, Leboeuf D, Shcherbinina EY, Fefilova AS, Zatsepin TS, Koteliansky V. lncRNA in the liver: Prospects for fundamental research and therapy by RNA interference. Biochimie 2016; 131:159-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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219
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A DNA dual lock-and-key strategy for cell-subtype-specific siRNA delivery. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13580. [PMID: 27882923 PMCID: PMC5476801 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficient and precise delivery of siRNA to target cells is critical to successful gene therapy. While novel nanomaterials enhance delivery efficiency, it still remains challenging for precise gene delivery to overcome nonspecific adsorption and off-target effect. Here we design a dual lock-and-key system to perform cell-subtype-specific recognition and siRNA delivery. The siRNA is self-assembled in an oligonucleotide nano vehicle that is modified with a hairpin structure to act as both the ‘smart key’ and the delivery carrier. The auto-cleavable hairpin structure can be activated on site at target cell membrane by reacting with two aptamers as ‘dual locks’ sequentially, which leads to cell-subtype discrimination and precise siRNA delivery for high efficient gene silencing. The success of this strategy demonstrates the precise delivery of siRNA to specific target cells by controlling multiple parameters, thus paving the way for application of RNAi in accurate diagnosis and intervention. Delivery of siRNA to target cells is essential for in vivo gene therapy. Here the authors demonstrate an oligonucleotide aptamer that targets therapeutic siRNA to a specific cell type.
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220
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Abstract
Nucleic acid amplification is a hugely important technology for biology and medicine. While the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been highly useful and effective, its reliance on heating and cooling cycles places some constraints on its utility. For example, the heating step of PCR can destroy biological molecules under investigation and heat/cool cycles are not applicable in living systems. Thus, isothermal approaches to DNA and RNA amplification are under widespread study. Perhaps the simplest of these are the rolling circle approaches, including rolling circle amplification (RCA) and rolling circle transcription (RCT). In this strategy, a very small circular oligonucleotide (e.g., 25-100 nucleotides in length) acts as a template for a DNA or an RNA polymerase, producing long repeating product strands that serve as amplified copies of the circle sequence. Here we describe the early developments and studies involving circular oligonucleotides that ultimately led to the burgeoning rolling circle technologies currently under development. This Account starts with our studies on the design of circular oligonucleotides as novel DNA- and RNA-binding motifs. We describe how we developed chemical and biochemical strategies for synthesis of well-defined circular oligonucleotides having defined sequence and open (unpaired) structure, and we outline the unusual ways in which circular DNAs can interact with other nucleic acids. We proceed next to the discovery of DNA and RNA polymerase activity on these very small cyclic DNAs. DNA polymerase "rolling circle" activities were discovered concurrently in our laboratory and that of Andrew Fire. We describe the surprising efficiency of this process even on shockingly small circular DNAs, producing repeating DNAs thousands of nucleotides in length. RNA polymerase activity on circular oligonucleotides was first documented in our group in 1995; especially surprising in this case was the finding that the process occurs efficiently even without promoter sequences in the circle. We describe how one can encode cleavable sites into the product DNAs and RNAs from RCA/RCT, which can then be resolved into large quantities of almost pure oligonucleotides. Our Account then proceeds with a summary describing a broad variety of tools and methods built in many laboratories around the rolling circle concept. Among the important developments are the discovery of highly efficient DNA polymerases for RCA; the invention of exponential ("hyperbranched") RCA amplification made possible by use of a second primer; the development of the "padlock" process for detection of nucleic acids and proteins coupled with RCA; the use of circular oligonucleotides as vectors in cells to encode biologically active RNAs via RCT; and the use of small DNA circles to encode and extend human telomeres. Finally, we finish with some ideas about where the field may go in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Mohsen
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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221
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Binzel DW, Khisamutdinov E, Vieweger M, Ortega J, Li J, Guo P. Mechanism of three-component collision to produce ultrastable pRNA three-way junction of Phi29 DNA-packaging motor by kinetic assessment. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 22:1710-1718. [PMID: 27672132 PMCID: PMC5066623 DOI: 10.1261/rna.057646.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
RNA nanotechnology is rapidly emerging. Due to advantageous pharmacokinetics and favorable in vivo biodistribution, RNA nanoparticles have shown promise in targeted delivery of therapeutics. RNA nanotechnology applies bottom-up assembly, thus elucidation of the mechanism of interaction between multiple components is of fundamental importance. The tendency of diminishing concern about RNA instability has accelerated by the finding of the novel thermostable three-way junction (3WJ) motif of the phi29 DNA-packaging motor. The kinetics of these three components, each averaging 18 nucleotides (nt), was investigated to elucidate the mechanism for producing the stable 3WJ. The three fragments coassembled into the 3WJ with extraordinary speed and affinity via a two-step reaction mechanism, 3WJb + 3WJc ↔ 3WJbc + 3WJa ↔ 3WJabc The first step of reaction between 3WJb and 3WJc is highly dynamic since these two fragments only contain 8 nt for complementation. In the second step, the 3WJa, which contains 17 nt complementary to the 3WJbc complex, locks the unstable 3WJbc complex into a highly stable 3WJ. The resulting pRNA-3WJ is more stable than any of the dimer species as shown in the much more rapid association rates and slowest dissociation rate constant. The second step occurs at a very high association rate that is difficult to quantify, resulting in a rapid formation of a stable 3WJ. Elucidation of the mechanism of three-component collision in producing the ultrastable 3WJ proves a promising platform for bottom-up assembly of RNA nanoparticles as a new class of anion polymers for material science, electronic elements, or therapeutic reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Binzel
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Emil Khisamutdinov
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Markey Cancer Center, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Mario Vieweger
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Janice Ortega
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 1000049
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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222
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Ho W, Zhang XQ, Xu X. Biomaterials in siRNA Delivery: A Comprehensive Review. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2715-2731. [PMID: 27700013 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
With the dearth of effective treatment options for prominent diseases including Ebola and cancer, RNA interference (RNAi), a sequence-specific mechanism for genetic regulation that can silence nearly any gene, holds the promise of unlimited potential in treating illness ever since its discovery in 1999. Given the large size, unstable tertiary structure in physiological conditions and negative charge of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), the development of safe and effective delivery vehicles is of critical importance in order to drive the widespread use of RNAi therapeutics into clinical settings. Immense amounts of time and billions of dollars have been devoted into the design of novel and diverse delivery strategies, and there are a handful of delivery systems that have been successfully translated into clinic. This review provides an introduction to the in vivo barriers that need to be addressed by siRNA delivery systems. We also discuss the progress up to the most effective and clinically advanced siRNA delivery systems including liposomal, polymeric and siRNA conjugate delivery systems, as well as their design to overcome the challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Ho
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Newark School of Engineering; New Jersey Institute of Technology; Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Xue-Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Newark School of Engineering; New Jersey Institute of Technology; Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Newark School of Engineering; New Jersey Institute of Technology; Newark NJ 07102 USA
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223
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Correa S, Dreaden EC, Gu L, Hammond PT. Engineering nanolayered particles for modular drug delivery. J Control Release 2016; 240:364-386. [PMID: 26809005 PMCID: PMC6450096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LbL) based self-assembly of nanoparticles is an emerging and powerful method to develop multifunctional and tissue responsive nanomedicines for a broad range of diseases. This unique assembly technique is able to confer a high degree of modularity, versatility, and compositional heterogeneity to nanoparticles via the sequential deposition of alternately charged polyelectrolytes onto a colloidal template. LbL assembly can provide added functionality by directly incorporating a range of functional materials within the multilayers including nucleic acids, synthetic polymers, polypeptides, polysaccharides, and functional proteins. These materials can be used to generate hierarchically complex, heterogeneous thin films on an extensive range of both traditional and novel nanoscale colloidal templates, providing the opportunity to engineer highly precise systems capable of performing the numerous tasks required for systemic drug delivery. In this review, we will discuss the recent advancements towards the development of LbL nanoparticles for drug delivery and diagnostic applications, with a special emphasis on the incorporation of biostability, active targeting, desirable drug release kinetics, and combination therapies into LbL nanomaterials. In addition to these topics, we will touch upon the next steps for the translation of these systems towards the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Correa
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Erik C Dreaden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Li Gu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
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224
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Stewart JM, Viard M, Subramanian HKK, Roark BK, Afonin KA, Franco E. Programmable RNA microstructures for coordinated delivery of siRNAs. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17542-17550. [PMID: 27714127 PMCID: PMC5510167 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05085a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
RNA is a natural multifunctional polymer, and is an essential component in both complex pathways and structures within the cellular environment. For this reason, artificial self-assembling RNA nanostructures are emerging as a powerful tool with broad applications in drug delivery and metabolic pathway regulation. To date, coordinated delivery of functional molecules via programmable RNA assemblies has been primarily done using nanosize RNA scaffolds. However, larger scaffolds could expand existing capabilities for spatial arrangement of ligands, and enable the controlled delivery of highly concentrated molecular loads. Here, we investigate whether micron-size RNA scaffolds can be assembled and further functionalized with different cargos (e.g. various siRNAs and fluorescent tags) for their synchronized delivery to diseased cells. Since known design approaches to build large RNA scaffolds are still underdeveloped, we apply a tiling method widely used in DNA nanotechnology. DNA tiles have been extensively used to build a variety of scalable and modular structures that are easily decorated with other ligands. Here, we adapt a double crossover (DX) DNA tile motif to design de novo DX RNA tiles that assemble and form lattices via programmed sticky end interactions. We optimize assembly protocols to guarantee high yield of RNA lattices. The resulting constructs are robust and modular with respect to the presence of distinct siRNAs and fluorophores. RNA tiles and lattices are successfully transfected in either human breast cancer or prostate cancer cells, where they efficiently knockdown the expression of target genes. Blood serum stability assays indicate that RNA lattices are more resilient to nuclease degradation when compared to individual tiles, thus making them better suited for therapeutic purposes. Overall, because of its design simplicity, we anticipate that this approach will be utilized for a wide range of applications in therapeutic RNA nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie Marie Stewart
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Mathias Viard
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Hari K K Subramanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Brandon K Roark
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA. and The Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA. and The Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Elisa Franco
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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225
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Parlea L, Puri A, Kasprzak W, Bindewald E, Zakrevsky P, Satterwhite E, Joseph K, Afonin KA, Shapiro BA. Cellular Delivery of RNA Nanoparticles. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2016; 18:527-47. [PMID: 27509068 PMCID: PMC6345529 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
RNA nanostructures can be programmed to exhibit defined sizes, shapes and stoichiometries from naturally occurring or de novo designed RNA motifs. These constructs can be used as scaffolds to attach functional moieties, such as ligand binding motifs or gene expression regulators, for nanobiology applications. This review is focused on four areas of importance to RNA nanotechnology: the types of RNAs of particular interest for nanobiology, the assembly of RNA nanoconstructs, the challenges of cellular delivery of RNAs in vivo, and the delivery carriers that aid in the matter. The available strategies for the design of nucleic acid nanostructures, as well as for formulation of their carriers, make RNA nanotechnology an important tool in both basic research and applied biomedical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Parlea
- Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Anu Puri
- Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Wojciech Kasprzak
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Eckart Bindewald
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Paul Zakrevsky
- Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Emily Satterwhite
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Kenya Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Kirill A. Afonin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
- Nanoscale Science Program, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte North Carolina 28223, United States
- The Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Bruce A. Shapiro
- Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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226
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Zhang CZ, Niu J, Chong YS, Huang YF, Chu Y, Xie SY, Jiang ZH, Peng LH. Porous microspheres as promising vehicles for the topical delivery of poorly soluble asiaticoside accelerate wound healing and inhibit scar formation in vitro &in vivo. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 109:1-13. [PMID: 27614186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Asiaticoside is a natural compound possessing diverse pharmacological effects with great potential for clinical use. However, the low solubility and oil-water partition coefficient of asiaticoside lead to reduced effect and limited application. This study aims to construct a porous microsphere for the sustained release of asiaticoside to improve its absorption and enhance the therapeutic effects. Parameters of the formulations, including the drug to polymer ratio, solvent amounts of the inner and external phases, the stirring speed for preparation, and the drug entrapment efficiency were investigated and optimized. Particle size, morphology, pores structure, and Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the microsphere were characterized. The release kinetics and cellular uptake profiles of the asiaticoside-microspheres were examined. The therapeutic effects of asiaticoside-microspheres on wound healing and skin appendages regeneration were investigated in vitro & in vivo. Results showed that the optimized asiaticoside-microspheres possess spherical spongy structure with cylindrical holes. Asiaticoside can be loaded in the microsphere with high efficiency and released with sustained manner. The cellular uptake of asiaticoside from the microspheres was increased with 9.1 folds higher than that of free solution. Asiaticoside-microspheres expressed the strong promotion in the proliferation, migration of keratinocytes and wound scratching healing in vitro. More importantly, they significantly accelerated the re-epithelization, collagen synthesis and pro-angiogenesis in the rat full-skin wound healing. Porous microsphere was shown a novel carrier for the sustained delivery of poorly soluble asiaticoside, with absorption and therapeutic effects improved. Asiaticoside-microsphere is a promising topical preparation with excellent regenerative effects for the wound therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jie Niu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yee-Song Chong
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yan-Fen Huang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yang Chu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Sheng-Yang Xie
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Pharmacy Division, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Li-Hua Peng
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau.
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227
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Chemical and structural modifications of RNAi therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 104:16-28. [PMID: 26549145 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA), a 21-23nt double-stranded RNA responsible for post-transcriptional gene silencing, has attracted great interests as promising genomic drugs, due to its strong ability to silence target genes in a sequence-specific manner. Despite high silencing efficiency and on-target specificity, the clinical translation of siRNA has been hindered by its inherent features: poor intracellular delivery, limited blood stability, unpredictable immune responses and unwanted off-targeting effects. To overcome these hindrances, researchers have made various advances to modify siRNA itself and to improve its delivery. In this review paper, first we briefly discuss the innate properties and delivery barriers of siRNA. Then, we describe recent progress in (1) chemically and structurally modified siRNAs to solve their intrinsic problems and (2) siRNA delivery formulations including siRNA conjugates, polymerized siRNA, and nucleic acid-based nanoparticles to improve in vivo delivery.
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228
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Kang S, Chae W, Suh SK, Jung W, Chang DJ, Hah SS. HER2 RNA Aptamer- and Cell Penetrating Peptide-Mediated Delivery of Multimeric Antisense Strands of siRNAs for Gene Silencing. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sungmuk Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Sciences; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Woori Chae
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Sciences; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Sung-Kwan Suh
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Sciences; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Woong Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong; Seoul 134-727 Korea
| | - Dong-Jo Chang
- College of Pharmacy; Sunchon National University; Sunchon 540-950 Korea
| | - Sang Soo Hah
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Sciences; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
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229
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Jeong EH, Kim H, Jang B, Cho H, Ryu J, Kim B, Park Y, Kim J, Lee JB, Lee H. Technological development of structural DNA/RNA-based RNAi systems and their applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 104:29-43. [PMID: 26494399 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi)-based gene therapy has drawn tremendous attention due to its highly specific gene regulation by selective degradation of any target mRNA. There have been multiple reports regarding the development of various cationic materials for efficient siRNA delivery, however, many studies still suffer from the conventional delivery problems such as suboptimal transfection performance, a lack of tissue specificity, and potential cytotoxicity. Despite the huge therapeutic potential of siRNAs, conventional gene carriers have failed to guarantee successful gene silencing in vivo, thus not warranting clinical trials. The relatively short double-stranded structure of siRNAs has resulted in uncompromising delivery formulations, as well as low transfection efficiency, compared with the conventional nucleic acid drugs such as plasmid DNAs. Recent developments in structural siRNA and RNAi nanotechnology have enabled more refined and reliable in vivo gene silencing with multiple advantages over naked siRNAs. This review focuses on recent progress in the development of structural DNA/RNA-based RNAi systems and their potential therapeutic applications. In addition, an extensive list of prior reports on various RNAi systems is provided and categorized by their distinctive molecular characters.
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230
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Hill AC, Bartley LE, Schroeder SJ. Prohead RNA: a noncoding viral RNA of novel structure and function. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2016; 7:428-37. [PMID: 26810250 PMCID: PMC5066667 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prohead RNA (pRNA) is an essential component of the powerful Φ29-like bacteriophage DNA packaging motor. However, the specific role of this unique RNA in the Φ29 packaging motor remains unknown. This review examines pRNA as a noncoding RNA of novel structure and function. In order to highlight the reasons for exploring the structure and function of pRNA, we (1) provide an overview of Φ29-like bacteriophage and the Φ29 DNA packaging motor, including putative motor mechanisms and structures of its component parts; (2) discuss pRNA structure and possible roles for pRNA in the Φ29 packaging motor; (3) summarize pRNA self-assembly; and (4) describe the prospective therapeutic applications of pRNA. Many questions remain to be answered in order to connect what is currently known about pRNA structure to its novel function in the Φ29 packaging motor. The knowledge gained from studying the structure, function, and sequence variation in pRNA will help develop tools to better navigate the conformational landscapes of RNA. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:428-437. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1330 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa C Hill
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Laura E Bartley
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Susan J Schroeder
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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231
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Hong CA, Nam YS. Reducible Dimeric Conjugates of Small Internally Segment Interfering RNA for Efficient Gene Silencing. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:1442-1449. [PMID: 27273465 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The condensation of nucleic acids into compact nanoparticles with cationic carriers is a powerful tool for translocating exogenous nucleic acids into cells. To date, most efforts have been focused on the development of novel gene carriers for safe and efficient gene delivery. However, small interfering RNA (siRNA) is generally not strongly associated with cationic carriers due to its stiff structure and low spatial charge density. To overcome this limitation, this work introduces a well-defined dimeric conjugate of small internally segment interfering RNA (sisiRNA) linked via a disulfide bond for enhanced cellular uptake and gene silencing. Dimeric sisiRNA is synthesized through oxidizing two monomeric sisiRNA molecules, each of which consists of a sense strand carrying a nick and an antisense strand modified with a thiol group at the 3'-end. The nick in the sense strand enables the dimeric sisiRNA to be more effectively condensed into nanosized complexes due to the increased structural flexibility, which results in a higher gene silencing efficiency compared with the dimeric siRNA containing the intact sense strands. The results indicate that the discontinuity of the sense strands is a simple method of adding more flexibility to various siRNA-based nanostructures for enhanced gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Am Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sung Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and KAIST Institutes for NanoCentury and Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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232
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Zhao Y, Wang W, Guo S, Wang Y, Miao L, Xiong Y, Huang L. PolyMetformin combines carrier and anticancer activities for in vivo siRNA delivery. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11822. [PMID: 27264609 PMCID: PMC4897747 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a widely implemented anti-diabetic drug, exhibits potent anticancer efficacies. Herein a polymeric construction of Metformin, PolyMetformin (PolyMet) is successfully synthesized through conjugation of linear polyethylenimine (PEI) with dicyandiamide. The delocalization of cationic charges in the biguanide groups of PolyMet reduces the toxicity of PEI both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the polycationic properties of PolyMet permits capture of siRNA into a core-membrane structured lipid-polycation-hyaluronic acid (LPH) nanoparticle for systemic gene delivery. Advances herein permit LPH-PolyMet nanoparticles to facilitate VEGF siRNA delivery for VEGF knockdown in a human lung cancer xenograft, leading to enhanced tumour suppressive efficacy. Even in the absence of RNAi, LPH-PolyMet nanoparticles act similarly to Metformin and induce antitumour efficacy through activation of the AMPK and inhibition of the mTOR. In essence, PolyMet successfully combines the intrinsic anticancer efficacy of Metformin with the capacity to carry siRNA to enhance the therapeutic activity of an anticancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shutao Guo
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Lei Miao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Yang Xiong
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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233
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Liu J, Wei T, Zhao J, Huang Y, Deng H, Kumar A, Wang C, Liang Z, Ma X, Liang XJ. Multifunctional aptamer-based nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery to circumvent cancer resistance. Biomaterials 2016; 91:44-56. [PMID: 26994877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
By its unique advantages over traditional medicine, nanomedicine has offered new strategies for cancer treatment. In particular, the development of drug delivery strategies has focused on nanoscale particles to improve bioavailability. However, many of these nanoparticles are unable to overcome tumor resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Recently, new opportunities for drug delivery have been provided by oligonucleotides that can self-assemble into three-dimensional nanostructures. In this work, we have designed and developed functional DNA nanostructures to deliver the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (Dox) to resistant cancer cells. These nanostructures have two components. The first component is a DNA aptamer, which forms a dimeric G-quadruplex nanostructure to target cancer cells by binding with nucleolin. The second component is double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), which is rich in -GC- base pairs that can be applied for Dox delivery. We demonstrated that Dox was able to efficiently intercalate into dsDNA and this intercalation did not affect the aptamer's three-dimensional structure. In addition, the Aptamer-dsDNA (ApS) nanoparticle showed good stability and protected the dsDNA from degradation in bovine serum. More importantly, the ApS&Dox nanoparticle efficiently reversed the resistance of human breast cancer cells to Dox. The mechanism circumventing doxorubicin resistance by ApS&Dox nanoparticles may be predominantly by cell cycle arrest in S phase, effectively increased cell uptake and decreased cell efflux of doxorubicin. Furthermore, the ApS&Dox nanoparticles could effectively inhibit tumor growth, while less cardiotoxicity was observed. Overall, this functional DNA nanostructure provides new insights into the design of nanocarriers to overcome multidrug resistance through targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tuo Wei
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hua Deng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Anil Kumar
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chenxuan Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zicai Liang
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China.
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234
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Hao Y, Kieft JS. Three-way junction conformation dictates self-association of phage packaging RNAs. RNA Biol 2016; 13:635-45. [PMID: 27217219 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1190075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The packaging RNA (pRNA) found in the phi29 family of bacteriophage is an essential component of a powerful molecular motor used to package the phage's DNA genome into the capsid. The pRNA forms homomultimers mediated by intermolecular "kissing-loop" interactions, thus it is an example of the unusual phenomenon of a self-associating RNA that can form symmetric higher-order multimers. Previous research showed the pRNAs from phi29 family phages have diverse self-association properties and the kissing-loop interaction is not the sole structural element dictating multimerization. We found that a 3-way junction (3wj) within each pRNA, despite not making direct intermolecular contacts, plays important roles in stabilizing the intermolecular interactions and dictating the size of the multimer formed (dimer, trimer, etc.). Specifically, the 3wj in the pRNA from phage M2 appears to favor a different conformation compared to the 3wj in the phi29 pRNA, and the M2 junction facilitates formation of a higher-order multimer that is more thermostable. This behavior provides insights into the fundamental principles of RNA self-association, and additionally may be useful to engineer fine-tuned properties into pRNAs for nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Hao
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Jeffrey S Kieft
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine , Aurora , CO , USA
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235
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Li Z, Lau C, Lu J. Effect of the Concentration Difference between Magnesium Ions and Total Ribonucleotide Triphosphates in Governing the Specificity of T7 RNA Polymerase-Based Rolling Circle Transcription for Quantitative Detection. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6078-83. [PMID: 27167591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
T7 RNA polymerase-based rolling circle transcription (RCT) is a more powerful tool than universal runoff transcription and traditional DNA polymerase-based rolling circle amplification (RCA). However, RCT is rarely employed in quantitative detection due to its poor specificity for small single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), which can be transcribed efficiently by T7 RNA polymerase even without a promoter. Herein we show that the concentration difference between Mg(2+) and total ribonucleotide triphosphates (rNTPs) radically governs the specificity of T7 RNA polymerase. Only when the total rNTP concentration is 9 mM greater than the Mg(2+) concentration can T7 RNA polymerase transcribe ssDNA specifically and efficiently. This knowledge improves our traditional understanding of T7 RNA polymerase and makes convenient application of RCT in quantitative detection possible. Subsequently, an RCT-based label-free chemiluminescence method for microRNA detection was designed to test the capability of this sensing platform. Using this simple method, microRNA as low as 20 amol could be quantitatively detected. The results reveal that the developed sensing platform holds great potential for further applications in the quantitative detection of a variety of targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Choiwan Lau
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianzhong Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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236
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Kahn JS, Ruiz RCH, Sureka S, Peng S, Derrien TL, An D, Luo D. DNA Microgels as a Platform for Cell-Free Protein Expression and Display. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2019-26. [PMID: 27112709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein expression and selection is an essential process in the modification of biological products. Expressed proteins are selected based on desired traits (phenotypes) from diverse gene libraries (genotypes), whose size may be limited due to the difficulties inherent in diverse cell preparation. In addition, not all genes can be expressed in cells, and linking genotype with phenotype further presents a great challenge in protein engineering. We present a DNA gel-based platform that demonstrates the versatility of two DNA microgel formats to address fundamental challenges of protein engineering, including high protein yield, isolation of gene sets, and protein display. We utilize microgels to show successful protein production and capture of a model protein, green fluorescent protein (GFP), which is further used to demonstrate a successful gene enrichment through fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of a mixed population of microgels containing the GFP gene. Through psoralen cross-linking of the hydrogels, we have synthesized DNA microgels capable of surviving denaturing conditions while still possessing the ability to produce protein. Lastly, we demonstrate a method of producing extremely high local gene concentrations of up to 32 000 gene repeats in hydrogels 1 to 2 μm in diameter. These DNA gels can serve as a novel cell-free platform for integrated protein expression and display, which can be applied toward more powerful, scalable protein engineering and cell-free synthetic biology with no physiological boundaries and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Kahn
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Roanna C H Ruiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Swati Sureka
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Songming Peng
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Thomas L Derrien
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Duo An
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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237
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Christopher AF, Kaur RP, Kaur G, Kaur A, Gupta V, Bansal P. MicroRNA therapeutics: Discovering novel targets and developing specific therapy. Perspect Clin Res 2016; 7:68-74. [PMID: 27141472 PMCID: PMC4840794 DOI: 10.4103/2229-3485.179431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression in diverse biological process. They act as intracellular mediators that are necessary for various biological processes. MicroRNAs targeting pathways of human disease provide a new and potential powerful candidate for therapeutic intervention against various pathological conditions. Even though, the information about miRNA biology has significantly enriched but we still do not completely understand the mechanism of miRNA gene regulation. Various groups across the globe and pharmaceutical companies are conducting research and developments to explore miRNA based therapy and build a whole new area of miroRNA therapeutics. Consequently, few miRNAs have entered the preclinical and clinical stage and soon might be available in the market for use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Francis Christopher
- Division of Clinical Research, University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Science, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Raman Preet Kaur
- Division of Clinical Research, University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Science, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Gunpreet Kaur
- Division of Clinical Research, University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Science, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Division of Clinical Research, University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Science, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Division of Clinical Research, University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Science, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Parveen Bansal
- Division of Clinical Research, University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Science, Faridkot, Punjab, India
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238
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Generation of siRNA Nanosheets for Efficient RNA Interference. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25146. [PMID: 27120975 PMCID: PMC4848498 DOI: 10.1038/srep25146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
After the discovery of small interference RNA (siRNA), nanostructured siRNA delivery systems have been introduced to achieve an efficient regulation of the target gene expression. Here we report a new siRNA-generating two dimensional nanostructure in a formation of nanosized sheet. Inspired by tunable mechanical and functional properties of the previously reported RNA membrane, siRNA nanosized sheets (siRNA-NS) with multiple Dicer cleavage sites were prepared. The siRNA-NS has two dimensional structure, providing a large surface area for Dicer to cleave the siRNA-NS for the generation of functional siRNAs. Furthermore, downregulation of the cellular target gene expression was achieved by delivery of siRNA-NS without chemical modification of RNA strands or conjugation to other substances.
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239
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Sun W, Ji W, Hu Q, Yu J, Wang C, Qian C, Hochu G, Gu Z. Transformable DNA nanocarriers for plasma membrane targeted delivery of cytokine. Biomaterials 2016; 96:1-10. [PMID: 27131597 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Direct delivery of cytokines using nanocarriers holds great promise for cancer therapy. However, the nanometric scale of the vehicles made them susceptible to size-dependent endocytosis, reducing the plasma membrane-associated apoptosis signaling. Herein, we report a tumor microenvironment-responsive and transformable nanocarrier for cell membrane targeted delivery of cytokine. This formulation is comprised of a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) degradable liposome as a shell, and complementary DNA nanostructures (designated as nanoclews) decorated with cytokines as the cores. Utilizing the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) as a model cytokine, we demonstrate that the TRAIL loaded DNA nanoclews are capable of transforming into nanofibers after PLA2 activation. The nanofibers with micro-scaled lengths efficiently present the loaded TRAIL to death receptors on the cancer cell membrane and amplified the apoptotic signaling with reduced TRAIL internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujin Sun
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Wenyan Ji
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Quanyin Hu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chenggen Qian
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gabrielle Hochu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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240
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Li X, Zheng F, Ren R. Detecting miRNA by producing RNA: a sensitive assay that combines rolling-circle DNA polymerization and rolling circle transcription. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:11976-9. [PMID: 26120604 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01748c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Target miRNA was detected by producing RNA: rolling circle polymerization (RCP) and rolling circle transcription (RCT) were interlinked to provide dual amplification, producing multiplied malachite green (MG) aptamers, and a signal was generated by the SERS (surface-enhanced Raman scattering) quantification of the MG molecules that were bound to the transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, P. R. China.
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241
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Park Y, Kim H, Lee JB. Self-assembled DNA-Guided RNA Nanovector via Step-wise Dual Enzyme Polymerization (SDEP) for Carrier-free siRNA Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:616-624. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongkuk Park
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-743, Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-743, Korea
| | - Jong Bum Lee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-743, Korea
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242
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Zhu G, Liu Y, Yang X, Kim YH, Zhang H, Jia R, Liao HS, Jin A, Lin J, Aronova M, Leapman R, Nie Z, Niu G, Chen X. DNA-inorganic hybrid nanovaccine for cancer immunotherapy. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:6684-92. [PMID: 26947116 PMCID: PMC4807396 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08821f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer evolves to evade or compromise the surveillance of the immune system, and cancer immunotherapy aims to harness the immune system in order to inhibit cancer development. Unmethylated CpG dinucleotide-containing oligonucleotides (CpG), a class of potent adjuvants that activate the toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) located in the endolysosome of many antigen-presenting cells (APCs), are promising for cancer immunotherapy. However, clinical application of synthetic CpG confronts many challenges such as suboptimal delivery into APCs, unfavorable pharmacokinetics caused by limited biostability and short in vivo half-life, and side effects associated with leaking of CpG into the systemic circulation. Here we present DNA-inorganic hybrid nanovaccines (hNVs) for efficient uptake into APCs, prolonged tumor retention, and potent immunostimulation and cancer immunotherapy. hNVs were self-assembled from concatemer CpG analogs and magnesium pyrophosphate (Mg2PPi). Mg2PPi renders hNVs resistant to nuclease degradation and thermal denaturation, both of which are demanding characteristics for effective vaccination and the storage and transportation of vaccines. Fluorophore-labeled hNVs were tracked to be efficiently internalized into the endolysosomes of APCs, where Mg2PPi was dissolved in an acidic environment and thus CpG analogs were exposed to hNVs. Internalized hNVs in APCs led to (1) elevated secretion of proinflammatory factors, and (2) elevated expression of co-stimulatory factors. Compared with molecular CpG, hNVs dramatically prolonged the tissue retention of CpG analogs and reduced splenomegaly, a common side effect of CpG. In a melanoma mouse model, two injections of hNVs significantly inhibited the tumor growth and outperformed the molecular CpG. These results suggest hNVs are promising for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Yijing Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Xiangyu Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Young-Hwa Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Rui Jia
- Section on Intracellular Protein Trafficking, Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hsien-Shun Liao
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Albert Jin
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jing Lin
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria Aronova
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard Leapman
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhihong Nie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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243
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Negrón LM, Díaz TL, Ortiz-Quiles EO, Dieppa-Matos D, Madera-Soto B, Rivera JM. Organic Nanoflowers from a Wide Variety of Molecules Templated by a Hierarchical Supramolecular Scaffold. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2283-90. [PMID: 26901110 PMCID: PMC4896646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoflowers (NFs) are flowered-shaped particles with overall sizes or features in the nanoscale. Beyond their pleasing aesthetics, NFs have found a number of applications ranging from catalysis, to sensing, to drug delivery. Compared to inorganic based NFs, their organic and hybrid counterparts are relatively underdeveloped mostly because of the lack of a reliable and versatile method for their construction. We report here a method for constructing NFs from a wide variety of biologically relevant molecules (guests), ranging from small molecules, like doxorubicin, to biomacromolecules, like various proteins and plasmid DNA. The method relies on the encapsulation of the guests within a hierarchically structured particle made from supramolecular G-quadruplexes. The size and overall flexibility of the guests dictate the broad morphological features of the resulting NFs, specifically, small and rigid guests favor the formation of NFs with spiky petals, while large and/or flexible guests promote NFs with wide petals. The results from experiments using confocal fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy provides the basis for the proposed mechanism for the NF formation.
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244
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Angell C, Xie S, Zhang L, Chen Y. DNA Nanotechnology for Precise Control over Drug Delivery and Gene Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:1117-32. [PMID: 26725041 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has been growing exponentially due to its enhanced drug targeting and reduced drug toxicity. It uses the interactions where nanotechnological components and biological systems communicate with each other to facilitate the delivery performance. At this scale, the physiochemical properties of delivery systems strongly affect their capacities. Among current delivery systems, DNA nanotechnology shows many advantages because of its unprecedented engineering abilities. Through molecular recognition, DNA nanotechnology can be used to construct a variety of nanostructures with precisely controllable size, shape, and surface chemistry, which can be appreciated in the delivery process. In this review, different approaches that are currently used for the construction of DNA nanostructures are reported. Further, the utilization of these DNA nanostructures with the well-defined parameters for the precise control in drug delivery and gene therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chava Angell
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sibai Xie
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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245
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Conde J, Oliva N, Atilano M, Song HS, Artzi N. Self-assembled RNA-triple-helix hydrogel scaffold for microRNA modulation in the tumour microenvironment. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:353-63. [PMID: 26641016 PMCID: PMC6594154 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of miRNA (miR) in cancer is limited by the lack of efficient delivery vehicles. Here, we show that a self-assembled dual-colour RNA-triple-helix structure comprising two miRNAs-a miR mimic (tumour suppressor miRNA) and an antagomiR (oncomiR inhibitor)-provides outstanding capability to synergistically abrogate tumours. Conjugation of RNA triple helices to dendrimers allows the formation of stable triplex nanoparticles, which form an RNA-triple-helix adhesive scaffold upon interaction with dextran aldehyde, the latter able to chemically interact and adhere to natural tissue amines in the tumour. We also show that the self-assembled RNA-triple-helix conjugates remain functional in vitro and in vivo, and that they lead to nearly 90% levels of tumour shrinkage two weeks post-gel implantation in a triple-negative breast cancer mouse model. Our findings suggest that the RNA-triple-helix hydrogels can be used as an efficient anticancer platform to locally modulate the expression of endogenous miRs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Conde
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Harvard-MIT Division for Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to J.C. or N.A. ;
| | - Nuria Oliva
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Harvard-MIT Division for Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mariana Atilano
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Harvard-MIT Division for Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials, Institut Quimic de Sarria-Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona 08017, Spain
| | - Hyun Seok Song
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Harvard-MIT Division for Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Yuseong, Daejeon 169-148, Republic of Korea
| | - Natalie Artzi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Harvard-MIT Division for Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to J.C. or N.A. ;
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246
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Galinis R, Stonyte G, Kiseliovas V, Zilionis R, Studer S, Hilvert D, Janulaitis A, Mazutis L. DNA Nanoparticles for Improved Protein Synthesis In Vitro. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3120-3. [PMID: 26821778 PMCID: PMC4787208 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The amplification and digital quantification of single DNA molecules are important in biomedicine and diagnostics. Beyond quantifying DNA molecules in a sample, the ability to express proteins from the amplified DNA would open even broader applications in synthetic biology, directed evolution, and proteomics. Herein, a microfluidic approach is reported for the production of condensed DNA nanoparticles that can serve as efficient templates for in vitro protein synthesis. Using phi29 DNA polymerase and a multiple displacement amplification reaction, single DNA molecules were converted into DNA nanoparticles containing up to about 10(4) clonal gene copies of the starting template. DNA nanoparticle formation was triggered by accumulation of inorganic pyrophosphate (produced during DNA synthesis) and magnesium ions from the buffer. Transcription-translation reactions performed in vitro showed that individual DNA nanoparticles can serve as efficient templates for protein synthesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robertas Galinis
- Institute of Biotechnology Vilnius University, 8 Graiciuno street, 02241, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Greta Stonyte
- Institute of Biotechnology Vilnius University, 8 Graiciuno street, 02241, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaidotas Kiseliovas
- Institute of Biotechnology Vilnius University, 8 Graiciuno street, 02241, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rapolas Zilionis
- Institute of Biotechnology Vilnius University, 8 Graiciuno street, 02241, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sabine Studer
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arvydas Janulaitis
- Institute of Biotechnology Vilnius University, 8 Graiciuno street, 02241, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Linas Mazutis
- Institute of Biotechnology Vilnius University, 8 Graiciuno street, 02241, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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247
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Kim H, Park Y, Kim J, Jeong J, Han S, Lee JS, Lee JB. Nucleic Acid Engineering: RNA Following the Trail of DNA. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2016; 18:87-99. [PMID: 26735596 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.5b00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly feature of the naturally occurring biopolymer, DNA, has fascinated researchers in the fields of materials science and bioengineering. With the improved understanding of the chemical and structural nature of DNA, DNA-based constructs have been designed and fabricated from two-dimensional arbitrary shapes to reconfigurable three-dimensional nanodevices. Although DNA has been used successfully as a building block in a finely organized and controlled manner, its applications need to be explored. Hence, with the myriad of biological functions, RNA has recently attracted considerable attention to further the application of nucleic acid-based structures. This Review categorizes different approaches of engineering nucleic acid-based structures and introduces the concepts, principles, and applications of each technique, focusing on how DNA engineering is applied as a guide to RNA engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-743, Korea
| | - Yongkuk Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-743, Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-743, Korea
| | - Jaepil Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-743, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-743, Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-743, Korea
| | - Jong Bum Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemungu, Seoul 130-743, Korea
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248
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Alagia A, Eritja R. siRNA and RNAi optimization. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2016; 7:316-29. [PMID: 26840434 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and examination of the posttranscriptional gene regulatory mechanism known as RNA interference (RNAi) contributed to the identification of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and the comprehension of its enormous potential for clinical purposes. Theoretically, the ability of specific target gene downregulation makes the RNAi pathway an appealing solution for several diseases. Despite numerous hurdles resulting from the inherent properties of siRNA molecule and proper delivery to the target tissue, more than 50 RNA-based drugs are currently under clinical testing. In this work, we analyze the recent literature in the optimization of siRNA molecules. In detail, we focused on describing the most recent advances of siRNA field aimed at optimize siRNA pharmacokinetic properties. Special attention has been given in describing the impact of RNA modifications in the potential off-target effects (OTEs) such as saturation of the RNAi machinery, passenger strand-mediated silencing, immunostimulation, and miRNA-like OTEs as well as to recent developments on the delivery issue. The novel delivery systems and modified siRNA provide significant steps toward the development of reliable siRNA molecules for therapeutic use. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:316-329. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1337 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Alagia
- Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology, CIBER-BBN, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology, CIBER-BBN, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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249
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Cheng Q, Du L, Meng L, Han S, Wei T, Wang X, Wu Y, Song X, Zhou J, Zheng S, Huang Y, Liang XJ, Cao H, Dong A, Liang Z. The Promising Nanocarrier for Doxorubicin and siRNA Co-delivery by PDMAEMA-based Amphiphilic Nanomicelles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:4347-4356. [PMID: 26835788 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic effects of anticancer drug and siRNA have displayed superior advantages for cancer therapy. Herein, we deeply analyzed the feasibility that whether doxorubicin (DOX) and siRNA could be co-delivered by mPEG-PCL-graft-PDMAEMA (PECD) micelles, which mediated excellent DNA/siRNA delivery in vitro and in vivo reported in our previous work. DOX-loaded NPs (PECD-D) were developed by nanoprecipitation technology and exhibited high drug loading content (DLC, 9.5%). In vitro cytotoxicity study in MDA-MB-231 cells, PECD-D treated groups had lower IC50 compared to free DOX groups (F-DOX) at different transfection time (24, 48, and 72h), which maybe attribute to its high cellular uptake and endosomal escape properties. The speculation was confirmed with the results of drug release profile in acidic media, flow cytometry analysis and confocal images. Futhermore, Cy5 labeled siRNA was introduced in PECD-D micelles (PECD-D/siRNA) to track the behavior of dual-loaded nanodrug in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry analysis presented that DOX and siRNA were successfully co-delivered into cells, the positive cells ratio were 94.6 and 99.5%, respectively. Confocal images showed that not only DOX and siRNA existed in cytoplasm, but DOX traversed endosome/lysosome and entered into cell nucleus. For in vivo tumor-targeting evaluation in BALB/c nude mice, both DOX and Cy5-siRNA could be detected in tumor sites after intravenous injection with PECD-D/siRNA formulation. Therefore, we believed that PECD micelles have a potential ability as DOX and siRNA co-delivery carrier for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cheng
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lili Du
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lingwei Meng
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shangcong Han
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tuo Wei
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yidi Wu
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinyun Song
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuquan Zheng
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing-jie Liang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huiqing Cao
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Anjie Dong
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zicai Liang
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072, China
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250
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Galinis R, Stonyte G, Kiseliovas V, Zilionis R, Studer S, Hilvert D, Janulaitis A, Mazutis L. DNA Nanoparticles for Improved Protein Synthesis In Vitro. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robertas Galinis
- Institute of Biotechnology Vilnius University; 8 Graiciuno street 02241 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Greta Stonyte
- Institute of Biotechnology Vilnius University; 8 Graiciuno street 02241 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Vaidotas Kiseliovas
- Institute of Biotechnology Vilnius University; 8 Graiciuno street 02241 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Rapolas Zilionis
- Institute of Biotechnology Vilnius University; 8 Graiciuno street 02241 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Sabine Studer
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Arvydas Janulaitis
- Institute of Biotechnology Vilnius University; 8 Graiciuno street 02241 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Linas Mazutis
- Institute of Biotechnology Vilnius University; 8 Graiciuno street 02241 Vilnius Lithuania
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