201
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Thion MS, Tézenas du Montcel S, Golmard JL, Vacher S, Barjhoux L, Sornin V, Cazeneuve C, Bièche I, Sinilnikova O, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Durr A, Humbert S. CAG repeat size in Huntingtin alleles is associated with cancer prognosis. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1310-5. [PMID: 26980106 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal expansion of a ≥36 CAG unit tract in the Huntingtin gene (HTT) leads to Huntington's disease (HD), but has also been associated with cancer: the incidence of cancer is lower in HD patients than in age-matched controls, but HD-causing variants of HTT accelerate the progression of breast tumors and the development of metastases in mouse models of breast cancer. To investigate the relationship between HTT CAGs and cancer, data concerning 2407 women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations that predispose to breast and ovarian cancers and 431 patients with breast cancer without family histories were studied; the size of the CAG expansions on both HTT alleles was determined in each subject. The proportion of individuals carrying a CAG expansion in a pathological range for HD was 10 times more frequent than previously reported in the literature. In carriers of BRCA2 mutations, the length of the HTT CAG tract was correlated with lower incidence of ovarian cancer. Among carriers of BRCA1 mutations who developed a breast cancer, its onset occurred 2.4 years earlier in individuals with intermediate HTT alleles (≥27) than in those with a CAG tract <27. Finally, in patients with sporadic HER2 breast cancer, metastasis increased by a factor of 11.10 per 10 additional CAG repeats in HTT. We concluded that whereas long CAG length could be associated with lower cancer incidence, it could also be paradoxically associated with cancer severity (age of apparition and metastasis development).
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Sonia Thion
- Institut Curie, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3306, Orsay, France.,INSERM U1005, Orsay, France.,University Paris Sud 11, Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Tézenas du Montcel
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Golmard
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Laure Barjhoux
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Valérie Sornin
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Cazeneuve
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U975, CNRS UMR7225, UPMC Paris VI UMR S975, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Institut Curie, Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Olga Sinilnikova
- Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | - Alexandra Durr
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U975, CNRS UMR7225, UPMC Paris VI UMR S975, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Humbert
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, INSERM U1216, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, U1216, Grenoble, France
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202
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Yadav LR, Biswal MN, Hosur M, Kumar NS, Varma AK. Structural basis to characterise transactivation domain of BRCA1. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:1-7. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1136896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lumbini R. Yadav
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi-Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - Mahamaya N. Biswal
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi-Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - M.V. Hosur
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi-Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University (A Central University), Aizawl 796 004, Mizoram, India
| | - Ashok K. Varma
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi-Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
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203
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Tumor suppressor genes and their underlying interactions in paclitaxel resistance in cancer therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:13. [PMID: 26900348 PMCID: PMC4761208 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Paclitaxel (PTX) is frequently used in the clinical treatment of solid tumors. But the PTX-resistance is a great obstacle in cancer treatment. Exploration of the mechanisms of drug resistance suggests that tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) play a key role in the response of chemotherapeutic drugs. TSGs, a set of genes that are often inactivated in cancers, can regulate various biological processes. In this study, an overview of the contribution of TSGs to PTX resistance and their underlying relationship in cancers are reported by using GeneMANIA, a web-based tool for gene/protein function prediction. Methods Using PubMed online database and Google web site, the terms “paclitaxel resistance” or “taxol resistance” or “drug resistance” or “chemotherapy resistance”, and “cancer” or “carcinoma”, and “tumor suppressor genes” or “TSGs” or “negative regulated protein” or “antioncogenes” were searched and analyzed. GeneMANIA data base was used to predict gene/protein interactions and functions. Results We identified 22 TSGs involved in PTX resistance, including BRCA1, TP53, PTEN, APC, CDKN1A, CDKN2A, HIN-1, RASSF1, YAP, ING4, PLK2, FBW7, BLU, LZTS1, REST, FADD, PDCD4, TGFBI, ING1, Bax, PinX1 and hEx. The TSGs were found to have direct and indirect relationships with each other, and thus they could contribute to PTX resistance as a group. The varied expression status and regulation function of the TSGs on cell cycle in different cancers might play an important role in PTX resistance. Conclusion A further understanding of the roles of tumor suppressor genes in drug resistance is an important step to overcome chemotherapy tolerance. Tumor suppressor gene therapy targets the altered genes and signaling pathways and can be a new strategy to reverse chemotherapy resistance.
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204
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BRCA1/BRCA2 founder mutations and cancer risks: impact in the western Danish population. Fam Cancer 2016; 15:507-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s10689-016-9875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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205
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Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Incidental Diagnostic Early Occult Malignancy After Risk-Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy in BRCA Mutation Carriers. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2016; 26:233-9. [DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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206
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Abstract
Although relatively rare, pancreatic tumors are highly lethal [1]. In the United States, an estimated 48,960 individuals will be diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and 40,560 will die from this disease in 2015 [1]. Globally, 337,872 new pancreatic cancer cases and 330,391 deaths were estimated in 2012 [2]. In contrast to most other cancers, mortality rates for pancreatic cancer are not improving; in the US, it is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer related deaths by 2030 [3, 4]. The vast majority of tumors arise in the exocrine pancreas, with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounting for approximately 95% of tumors. Tumors arising in the endocrine pancreas (pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors) represent less than 5% of all pancreatic tumors [5]. Smoking, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), obesity and pancreatitis are the most consistent epidemiological risk factors for pancreatic cancer [5]. Family history is also a risk factor for developing pancreatic cancer with odds ratios (OR) ranging from 1.7-2.3 for first-degree relatives in most studies, indicating that shared genetic factors may play a role in the etiology of this disease [6-9]. This review summarizes the current knowledge of germline pancreatic cancer risk variants with a special emphasis on common susceptibility alleles identified through Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laufey T Amundadottir
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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207
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Du Y, Yamaguchi H, Wei Y, Hsu JL, Wang HL, Hsu YH, Lin WC, Yu WH, Leonard PG, Lee GR, Chen MK, Nakai K, Hsu MC, Chen CT, Sun Y, Wu Y, Chang WC, Huang WC, Liu CL, Chang YC, Chen CH, Park M, Jones P, Hortobagyi GN, Hung MC. Blocking c-Met-mediated PARP1 phosphorylation enhances anti-tumor effects of PARP inhibitors. Nat Med 2016; 22:194-201. [PMID: 26779812 PMCID: PMC4754671 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have emerged as promising therapeutics for many diseases, including cancer, in clinical trials1. One PARP inhibitor, olaparib (Lynparza™, AstraZeneca), was recently approved by the FDA to treat ovarian cancer with BRCA mutations. BRCA1 and BRCA2 play essential roles in repairing DNA double strand breaks, and a deficiency of BRCA proteins sensitizes cancer cells to PARP inhibition2,3. Here we show that receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met associates with and phosphorylates PARP1 at Tyr907. Phosphorylation of PARP1 Tyr907 increases PARP1 enzymatic activity and reduces binding to a PARP inhibitor, thereby rendering cancer cells resistant to PARP inhibition. Combining c-Met and PARP1 inhibitors synergized to suppress growth of breast cancer cells in vitro and xenograft tumor models. Similar synergistic effects were observed in a lung cancer xenograft tumor model. These results suggest that PARP1 pTyr907 abundance may predict tumor resistance to PARP inhibitors, and that treatment with a combination of c-Met and PARP inhibitors may benefit patients bearing tumors with high c-Met expression who do not respond to PARP inhibition alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Du
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yongkun Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer L Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hung-Ling Wang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wan-Chi Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wen-Hsuan Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paul G Leonard
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gilbert R Lee
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mei-Kuang Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Katsuya Nakai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ming-Chuan Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chun-Te Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Huang
- Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Liang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Morag Park
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philip Jones
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gabriel N Hortobagyi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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208
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Fang Y, Zhang Q, Wang X, Yang X, Wang X, Huang Z, Jiao Y, Wang J. Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals genistein as a modulator of cell cycle and DNA damage response pathways in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1016-28. [PMID: 26783066 PMCID: PMC4750531 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Around one sixth of breast cancer cases are classified as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), named after the absence of the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2); however, patients with TNBC suffer from poor clinical outcome and shortage of targeted therapy. Genistein, an estrogenic soy isoflavone, shows anticancer effects in TNBC cells such as inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanism of its anticancer effects is poorly understood and its elucidation can help the development of novel therapeutic strategies for TNBC. In this study, by combining isobaric tag-based TMT labeling with titanium dioxide-based phosphopeptide enrichment, we quantitated 5,445 phosphorylation sites on 2,008 phosphoproteins in the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231, upon genistein treatment. Our analysis revealed 332 genistein-regulated phosphorylation sites on 226 proteins. Our data show that genistein can regulate several biological processes during the cell cycle, including DNA replication, cohesin complex cleavage, and kinetochore formation. Furthermore, genistein can also activate DNA damage response, including activation of ATR and BRCA1 complex. Overall, our study presents evidence at a phosphoproteomic level that genistein is able to inhibit TNBC cell growth by regulating the cell cycle and DNA damage response in a more complex manner. Our findings help elucidate the mechanisms through which genistein exerts its anticancer effects in TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Jiao
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
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209
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Biotin-mediated epigenetic modifications: Potential defense against the carcinogenicity of benzo[a]pyrene. Toxicol Lett 2016; 241:216-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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210
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Amankwah EK, Lin HY, Tyrer JP, Lawrenson K, Dennis J, Chornokur G, Aben KKH, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova N, Bruinsma F, Bandera EV, Bean YT, Beckmann MW, Bisogna M, Bjorge L, Bogdanova N, Brinton LA, Brooks-Wilson A, Bunker CH, Butzow R, Campbell IG, Carty K, Chen Z, Chen YA, Chang-Claude J, Cook LS, Cramer DW, Cunningham JM, Cybulski C, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, du Bois A, Despierre E, Dicks E, Doherty JA, Dörk T, Dürst M, Easton DF, Eccles DM, Edwards RP, Ekici AB, Fasching PA, Fridley BL, Gao YT, Gentry-Maharaj A, Giles GG, Glasspool R, Goodman MT, Gronwald J, Harrington P, Harter P, Hasmad HN, Hein A, Heitz F, Hildebrandt MA, Hillemanns P, Hogdall CK, Hogdall E, Hosono S, Iversen ES, Jakubowska A, Jensen A, Ji BT, Karlan BY, Jim H, Kellar M, Kiemeney LA, Krakstad C, Kjaer SK, Kupryjanczyk J, Lambrechts D, Lambrechts S, Le ND, Lee AW, Lele S, Leminen A, Lester J, Levine DA, Liang D, Lim BK, Lissowska J, Lu K, Lubinski J, Lundvall L, Massuger LF, Matsuo K, McGuire V, McLaughlin JR, McNeish I, Menon U, Milne RL, Modugno F, Moysich KB, Ness RB, Nevanlinna H, Eilber U, Odunsi K, Olson SH, Orlow I, Orsulic S, Weber RP, Paul J, Pearce CL, Pejovic T, Pelttari LM, Permuth-Wey J, Pike MC, Poole EM, Risch HA, Rosen B, Rossing MA, Rothstein JH, Rudolph A, Runnebaum IB, Rzepecka IK, Salvesen HB, Schernhammer E, Schwaab I, Shu XO, Shvetsov YB, Siddiqui N, Sieh W, Song H, Southey MC, Spiewankiewicz B, Sucheston-Campbell L, Teo SH, Terry KL, Thompson PJ, Thomsen L, Tangen IL, Tworoger SS, van Altena AM, Vierkant RA, Vergote I, Walsh CS, Wang-Gohrke S, Wentzensen N, Whittemore AS, Wicklund KG, Wilkens LR, Wu AH, Wu X, Woo YL, Yang H, Zheng W, Ziogas A, Kelemen LE, Berchuck A, Schildkraut JM, Ramus SJ, Goode EL, Monteiro AN, Gayther SA, Narod SA, Pharoah PDP, Sellers TA, Phelan CM. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Gene Variants and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) Risk. Genet Epidemiol 2015; 39:689-97. [PMID: 26399219 PMCID: PMC4721602 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process whereby epithelial cells assume mesenchymal characteristics to facilitate cancer metastasis. However, EMT also contributes to the initiation and development of primary tumors. Prior studies that explored the hypothesis that EMT gene variants contribute to epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) risk have been based on small sample sizes and none have sought replication in an independent population. We screened 15,816 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 296 genes in a discovery phase using data from a genome-wide association study of EOC among women of European ancestry (1,947 cases and 2,009 controls) and identified 793 variants in 278 EMT-related genes that were nominally (P < 0.05) associated with invasive EOC. These SNPs were then genotyped in a larger study of 14,525 invasive-cancer patients and 23,447 controls. A P-value <0.05 and a false discovery rate (FDR) <0.2 were considered statistically significant. In the larger dataset, GPC6/GPC5 rs17702471 was associated with the endometrioid subtype among Caucasians (odds ratio (OR) = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.07-1.25, P = 0.0003, FDR = 0.19), whereas F8 rs7053448 (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.27-2.24, P = 0.0003, FDR = 0.12), F8 rs7058826 (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.27-2.24, P = 0.0003, FDR = 0.12), and CAPN13 rs1983383 (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.69-0.90, P = 0.0005, FDR = 0.12) were associated with combined invasive EOC among Asians. In silico functional analyses revealed that GPC6/GPC5 rs17702471 coincided with DNA regulatory elements. These results suggest that EMT gene variants do not appear to play a significant role in the susceptibility to EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest K. Amankwah
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- Clinical and Translational Research Organization, All Children’s Hospital Johns Hopkins Medicine, St Petersburg, FL
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Tyrer
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, The Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joe Dennis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, The Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ganna Chornokur
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Katja KH. Aben
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Comprehensive Cancer Center The Netherlands, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, UCI Center for Cancer Genetics Research and Prevention, School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Antonenkova
- Byelorussian Institute for Oncology and Medical Radiology Aleksandrov N.N., Minsk, Belarus
| | - Fiona Bruinsma
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elisa V. Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yukie T. Bean
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nuremberg Comprehensive Cancer Center, Erlangen EMN, Germany
| | - Maria Bisogna
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Line Bjorge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Natalia Bogdanova
- Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Louise A. Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - Clareann H. Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, HUS, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, HUS, Finland
| | - Ian G. Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Carty
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
- CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Y. Ann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Linda S. Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Daniel W. Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie M. Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Andreas du Bois
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/ Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/ Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Evelyn Despierre
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology; Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ed Dicks
- Department of Oncology, The Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer A. Doherty
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department of Gynecology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diana M. Eccles
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Robert P. Edwards
- Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics Gynecology/RS, Division of Gynecological Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nuremberg Comprehensive Cancer Center, Erlangen EMN, Germany
- University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brooke L. Fridley
- Biostatistics and Informatics Shared Resource, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rosalind Glasspool
- CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - Marc T. Goodman
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Community and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patricia Harrington
- Department of Oncology, The Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philipp Harter
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/ Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/ Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Hanis N. Hasmad
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Center, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nuremberg Comprehensive Cancer Center, Erlangen EMN, Germany
| | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/ Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/ Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | - Peter Hillemanns
- Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claus K. Hogdall
- Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Estrid Hogdall
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Satoyo Hosono
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Anna Jakubowska
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Allan Jensen
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Beth Y. Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive, Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heather Jim
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Melissa Kellar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lambertus A. Kiemeney
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Susanne K. Kjaer
- Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandrina Lambrechts
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology; Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nhu D. Le
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alice W. Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shashi Lele
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Arto Leminen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, HUS, Finland
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive, Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas A. Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Boon Kiong Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karen Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan Lubinski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Lene Lundvall
- Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leon F.A.G. Massuger
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Ian McNeish
- CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - Usha Menon
- Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, London, UK
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Women's Cancer Research Program, Magee-Women's Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kirsten B. Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Roberta B. Ness
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, HUS, Finland
| | - Ursula Eilber
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Sara H. Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive, Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Palmieri Weber
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James Paul
- CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - Celeste L. Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan,1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Liisa M. Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, HUS, Finland
| | | | - Malcolm C. Pike
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harvey A. Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Barry Rosen
- Department of Gynecology-Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph H. Rothstein
- Department of Health Research and Policy- Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anja Rudolph
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingo B. Runnebaum
- Department of Gynecology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Iwona K. Rzepecka
- Department of Pathology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Helga B. Salvesen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ira Schwaab
- Institut für Humangenetik, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt, Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yurii B. Shvetsov
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy- Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Honglin Song
- Department of Oncology, The Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Lara Sucheston-Campbell
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Center, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- University Malaya Medical Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Maylaysia
| | - Kathryn L. Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pamela J. Thompson
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Community and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lotte Thomsen
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ingvild L. Tangen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shelley S. Tworoger
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne M. van Altena
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A. Vierkant
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology; Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine S. Walsh
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive, Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alice S. Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy- Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kristine G. Wicklund
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA
| | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yin-Ling Woo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hannah Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, UCI Center for Cancer Genetics Research and Prevention, School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Linda E. Kelemen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Joellen M. Schildkraut
- Cancer Prevention, Detection & Control Research Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Susan J. Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ellen L. Goode
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alvaro N.A. Monteiro
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Simon A. Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven A. Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- The Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas A. Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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Early Occurrence of Angiosarcoma in a Woman With a BRCA2 Gene Variation of Unknown Significance Treated With Breast-Conserving Therapy for Bilateral Ductal Carcinoma: A Case Report. Clin Breast Cancer 2015; 15:536-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Pettapiece-Phillips R, Kotlyar M, Chehade R, Salmena L, Narod SA, Akbari M, Jurisica I, Kotsopoulos J. Uninterrupted Sedentary Behavior Downregulates BRCA1 Gene Expression. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 9:83-8. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Podo F, Santoro F, Di Leo G, Manoukian S, de Giacomi C, Corcione S, Cortesi L, Carbonaro LA, Trimboli RM, Cilotti A, Preda L, Bonanni B, Pensabene M, Martincich L, Savarese A, Contegiacomo A, Sardanelli F. Triple-Negative versus Non-Triple-Negative Breast Cancers in High-Risk Women: Phenotype Features and Survival from the HIBCRIT-1 MRI-Including Screening Study. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:895-904. [PMID: 26503945 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare phenotype features and survival of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) versus non-TNBCs detected during a multimodal annual screening of high-risk women. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Analysis of data from asymptomatic high-risk women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer during the HIBCRIT-1 study with median 9.7-year follow-up. RESULTS Of 501 enrolled women with BRCA1/2 mutation or strong family history (SFH), 44 were diagnosed with invasive breast cancers: 20 BRCA1 (45%), 9 BRCA2 (21%), 15 SFH (34%). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sensitivity (90%) outperformed that of mammography (43%, P < 0.001) and ultrasonography (61%, P = 0.004). The 44 cases (41 screen-detected; 3 BRCA1-associated interval TNBCs) comprised 14 TNBCs (32%) and 30 non-TNBCs (68%), without significant differences for age at diagnosis, menopausal status, prophylactic oophorectomy, or previous breast cancer. Of 14 TNBC patients, 11 (79%) were BRCA1; of the 20 BRCA1 patients, 11 (55%) had TNBC; and of 15 SFH patients, 14 (93%) had non-TNBCs (P = 0.007). Invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) were 86% for TNBCs versus 43% for non-TNBCs (P = 0.010), G3 IDCs 71% versus 23% (P = 0.006), size 16 ± 5 mm versus 12 ± 6 mm (P = 0.007). TNBC patients had more frequent ipsilateral mastectomy (79% vs. 43% for non-TNBCs, P = 0.050), contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (43% vs. 10%, P = 0.019), and adjuvant chemotherapy (100% vs. 44%, P < 0.001). The 5-year overall survival was 86% ± 9% for TNBCs versus 93% ± 5% (P = 0.946) for non-TNBCs; 5-year disease-free survival was 77% ± 12% versus 76% ± 8% (P = 0.216). CONCLUSIONS In high-risk women, by combining an MRI-including annual screening with adequate treatment, the usual reported gap in outcome between TNBCs and non-TNBCs could be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Podo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Filippo Santoro
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Leo
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Clelia de Giacomi
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Stefano Corcione
- Breast Imaging Unit, Sant'Anna Universitary Hospital, Cona (FE), Italy
| | - Laura Cortesi
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Cilotti
- Radiological Section, Ospedale Santa Chiara, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Preda
- Division of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Matilde Pensabene
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Unit of "Hereditary and Familial Cancers", University Hospital Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Martincich
- Unit of Radiology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | | | - Alma Contegiacomo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Unit of "Hereditary and Familial Cancers", University Hospital Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Sardanelli
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy. Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
The current standard model for identifying carriers of high-risk mutations in cancer-susceptibility genes (CSGs) generally involves a process that is not amenable to population-based testing: access to genetic tests is typically regulated by health-care providers on the basis of a labour-intensive assessment of an individual's personal and family history of cancer, with face-to-face genetic counselling performed before mutation testing. Several studies have shown that application of these selection criteria results in a substantial proportion of mutation carriers being missed. Population-based genetic testing has been proposed as an alternative approach to determining cancer susceptibility, and aims for a more-comprehensive detection of mutation carriers. Herein, we review the existing data on population-based genetic testing, and consider some of the barriers, pitfalls, and challenges related to the possible expansion of this approach. We consider mechanisms by which population-based genetic testing for cancer susceptibility could be delivered, and suggest how such genetic testing might be integrated into existing and emerging health-care structures. The existing models of genetic testing (including issues relating to informed consent) will very likely require considerable alteration if the potential benefits of population-based genetic testing are to be fully realized.
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Bernardes CM, Valery PC, Garvey G. Exploring the cancer risk perception and interest in genetic services among Indigenous people in Queensland, Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health 2015; 38:344-8. [PMID: 25091074 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to explore the levels of interest among Indigenous people with cancer in identifying cancer risk in their family and seeking genetic counselling/testing. DESIGN AND SETTING A cross-sectional survey of Indigenous cancer patients recruited from four major treating hospitals in Queensland. Participants' family history of cancer and interest in genetic counselling/testing was sought using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS Overall, 73.0% of 252 participants reported having a family history of cancer; of those, 52.8% had at least one first-degree relative with cancer. A total of 68.3% of participants indicated concern about relatives being affected by cancer and 54.4% of participants indicated they would like to assess the cancer risk in their family with a specialist. Concern was associated with willingness to discuss the risk of cancer with a specialist (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Indigenous cancer patients do have a family history of cancer and appear willing to undergo genetic counselling/investigation. It is of great concern that this population could miss the benefits of the technological advances in health care, creating a much larger disparity in health outcomes. IMPLICATIONS Health service providers should not assume that Indigenous cancer patients will not follow their recommendations when referred to genetic counselling/investigation services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Bernardes
- Epidemiology and Health Systems Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Queensland
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216
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Acedo A, Hernández-Moro C, Curiel-García Á, Díez-Gómez B, Velasco EA. Functional classification of BRCA2 DNA variants by splicing assays in a large minigene with 9 exons. Hum Mutat 2015; 36:210-21. [PMID: 25382762 PMCID: PMC4371643 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Numerous pathogenic DNA variants impair the splicing mechanism in human genetic diseases. Minigenes are optimal approaches to test variants under the splicing viewpoint without the need of patient samples. We aimed to design a robust minigene construct of the breast cancer gene BRCA2 in order to investigate the impact of variants on splicing. BRCA2 exons 19-27 (MGBR2_ex19-27) were cloned in the new vector pSAD. It produced a large transcript of the expected size (2,174 nucleotides) and exon structure (V1-ex19-27-V2). Splicing assays showed that 18 (17 splice-site and 1 silencer variants) out of 40 candidate DNA variants induced aberrant patterns. Twenty-four anomalous transcripts were accurately detected by fluorescent-RT-PCR that were generated by exon-skipping, alternative site usage, and intron-retention events. Fourteen variants induced major anomalies and were predicted to disrupt protein function so they could be classified as pathogenic. Furthermore, minigene mimicked previously reported patient RNA outcomes of seven variants supporting the reproducibility of minigene assays. Therefore, a relevant fraction of variants are involved in breast cancer through splicing alterations. MGBR2_ex19-27 is the largest reported BRCA2 minigene and constitutes a valuable tool for the functional and clinical classification of sequence variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Acedo
- Splicing and Genetic Susceptibility to Cancer, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (CSIC-UVa), Valladolid, Spain
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217
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Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Intertumoral Heterogeneity. Trends Cancer 2015; 1:15-23. [PMID: 28741558 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intertumoral heterogeneity is driven by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Intrinsic mechanisms include the genetic/epigenetic mutational profile of cells and the nature of the 'cell of origin'. There is accumulating evidence that distinct 'cells of origin' within an organ can give rise to different subtypes of cancer. Tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells are the predominant targets exploited for tumor initiation. Extrinsic factors imposed by the microenvironment may also directly influence the cell of origin by eliciting dedifferentiation. Identification of these target cell populations is important for earlier diagnosis, the detection of premalignant clones during relapse, and the design of prevention therapies for high-risk cancer families. Here we review recent developments in deciphering the cellular origins of solid cancers.
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Gong C, Fujino K, Monteiro LJ, Gomes AR, Drost R, Davidson-Smith H, Takeda S, Khoo US, Jonkers J, Sproul D, Lam EWF. FOXA1 repression is associated with loss of BRCA1 and increased promoter methylation and chromatin silencing in breast cancer. Oncogene 2015; 34:5012-24. [PMID: 25531315 PMCID: PMC4430311 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
FOXA1 expression correlates with the breast cancer luminal subtype and patient survival. RNA and protein analysis of a panel of breast cancer cell lines revealed that BRCA1 deficiency is associated with the downregulation of FOXA1 expression. Knockdown of BRCA1 resulted in the downregulation of FOXA1 expression and enhancement of FOXA1 promoter methylation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, whereas the reconstitution of BRCA1 in Brca1-deficent mouse mammary epithelial cells (MMECs) promoted Foxa1 expression and methylation. These data suggest that BRCA1 suppresses FOXA1 hypermethylation and silencing. Consistently, the treatment of MMECs with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycitydine induced Foxa1 mRNA expression. Furthermore, treatment with GSK126, an inhibitor of EZH2 methyltransferase activity, induced FOXA1 expression in BRCA1-deficient but not in BRCA1-reconstituted MMECs. Likewise, the depletion of EZH2 by small interfering RNA enhanced FOXA1 mRNA expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis demonstrated that BRCA1, EZH2, DNA methyltransferases (DNMT)1/3a/3b and H3K27me3 are recruited to the endogenous FOXA1 promoter, further supporting the hypothesis that these proteins interact to modulate FOXA1 methylation and repression. Further co-immunoprecipitation and ChIP analysis showed that both BRCA1 and DNMT3b form complexes with EZH2 but not with each other, consistent with the notion that BRCA1 binds to EZH2 and negatively regulates its methyltransferase activity. We also found that EZH2 promotes and BRCA1 impairs the deposit of the gene silencing histone mark H3K27me3 on the FOXA1 promoter. These associations were validated in a familial breast cancer patient cohort. Integrated analysis of the global gene methylation and expression profiles of a set of 33 familial breast tumours revealed that FOXA1 promoter methylation is inversely correlated with the transcriptional expression of FOXA1 and that BRCA1 mutation breast cancer is significantly associated with FOXA1 methylation and downregulation of FOXA1 expression, providing physiological evidence to our findings that FOXA1 expression is regulated by methylation and chromatin silencing and that BRCA1 maintains FOXA1 expression through suppressing FOXA1 gene methylation in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gong
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K Fujino
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - L J Monteiro
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - A R Gomes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - R Drost
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Davidson-Smith
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - U S Khoo
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Sproul
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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219
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Faustino-Rocha AI, Ferreira R, Oliveira PA, Gama A, Ginja M. N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea as a mammary carcinogenic agent. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9095-117. [PMID: 26386719 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The administration of chemical carcinogens is one of the most commonly used methods to induce tumors in several organs in laboratory animals in order to study oncologic diseases of humans. The carcinogen agent N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) is the oldest member of the nitroso compounds that has the ability to alkylate DNA. MNU is classified as a complete, potent, and direct alkylating compound. Depending on the animals' species and strain, dose, route, and age at the administration, MNU may induce tumors' development in several organs. The aim of this manuscript was to review MNU as a carcinogenic agent, taking into account that this carcinogen agent has been frequently used in experimental protocols to study the carcinogenesis in several tissues, namely breast, ovary, uterus, prostate, liver, spleen, kidney, stomach, small intestine, colon, hematopoietic system, lung, skin, retina, and urinary bladder. In this paper, we also reviewed the experimental conditions to the chemical induction of tumors in different organs with this carcinogen agent, with a special emphasis in the mammary carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Faustino-Rocha
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal. .,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Organic Chemistry of Natural Products and Agrifood (QOPNA), Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Adelina Gama
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal.,Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mário Ginja
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal
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220
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Maresca L, Spugnesi L, Lodovichi S, Cozzani C, Naccarato AG, Tancredi M, Collavoli A, Falaschi E, Rossetti E, Aretini P, Cervelli T, Galli A, Caligo MA. MSH2 role in BRCA1-driven tumorigenesis: A preliminary study in yeast and in human tumors from BRCA1-VUS carriers. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 58:531-9. [PMID: 26381082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BRCA1 interacts with several proteins implicated in homologous and non homologous recombination and in mismatch repair. The aim of this study is to determine if MSH2, a well known partner of BRCA1 involved in DNA repair, may contribute to breast and ovarian cancer development and progression. To better understand the functional interaction between BRCA1 and MSH2, we studied the effect of the deletion of MSH2 gene on BRCA1-induced genome instability in yeast. Preliminary results in yeast indicated that MSH2 and BRCA1 may interact to modulate homologous recombination (HR). We also carried out a genetic and epigenetic profiling of MSH2 gene by mutational analysis and promoter methylation evaluation in 9 breast and 2 ovarian tumors from carriers of BRCA1 unknown significance variants (VUS). 2/2 ovarian and 2/9 breast tumors carried MSH2 somatic mutations possible pathogenics (4/11, 36%): a missense mutation in exon 3 (p.G162R), a duplication of exon 1 and a deletion of exon 2. In addition, two germline synonymous variants in exon 11 were identified. None of the tumors showed promoter methylation. In conclusion, a surprisingly high frequency of MSH2 gene mutations has been found in tumor tissues from BRCA1 VUS carrier patients. This result supports the indication deriving from the yeast model that BRCA1 driven tumorigenesis may be modulated by MSH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Maresca
- Section of Genetic Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Spugnesi
- Section of Genetic Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Anita Collavoli
- Section of Genetic Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Alvaro Galli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy.
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221
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Luo G, Lu Y, Jin K, Cheng H, Guo M, Liu Z, Long J, Liu C, Ni Q, Yu X. Pancreatic cancer: BRCA mutation and personalized treatment. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 15:1223-31. [PMID: 26402249 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1086271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The highly heterozygous nature of pancreatic cancer is partially responsible for its therapeutic ineffectiveness and resistance. Therefore, the ability to identify subgroups of pancreatic cancer with unique biological characteristics and treatment response is urgently needed. In addition to breast and ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer is the third most common cancer type that is related to the early onset (BRCA) gene mutation in breast cancer. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that BRCA1/2-mutant breast and ovarian cancers are highly sensitive to DNA damage-related treatment, including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) and platinum-based agents. Preliminary evidence also showed promising results for DNA damage-related treatment in BRCA1/2-mutant pancreatic cancer. Importantly, several prospective clinical trials of PARPi-based regimens are underway for BRCA1/2-mutated pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer with a BRCA1/2 mutation is a small subgroup with a promising therapeutic strategy.
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222
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Finch A, Wang M, Fine A, Atri L, Khalouei S, Pupavac M, Rosen B, Eisen A, Elser C, Charames G, Metcalfe K, Chang MC, Narod SA, Lerner-Ellis J. Genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 in the Province of Ontario. Clin Genet 2015. [PMID: 26219728 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In 2001, genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 was introduced in Ontario, for women at high-risk of breast or ovarian cancer. To date over 30,000 individuals have been tested throughout Ontario. Testing was offered to all Ontario residents who were eligible under any of 13 criteria. We report the results of tests conducted at Mount Sinai Hospital from 2007 to 2014. A total of 4726 individuals were tested, 764 (16.2%) were found to carry a pathogenic variant (mutation). Among 3684 women and men who underwent testing without a known familial BRCA mutation, 331 (9.0%) were found to carry a mutation. Among 1042 women and men tested for a known family mutation, 433 (41.6%) were positive. There were 603 female mutation carriers, of these, 303 were affected with breast or ovarian cancer (50%) and 16 with another cancer (2.3%). Of 284 unaffected female carriers, 242 (85%) were tested for a known family mutation and 42 (15%) were the first person in the family to be tested. By placing greater emphasis on recruiting unaffected female relatives of known mutation carriers for testing, greater than one-half of newly identified carriers will be unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Finch
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Wang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Fine
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Atri
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Khalouei
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Pupavac
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Rosen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto and Gynecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Eisen
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Elser
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and The Princess Margaret Cancer Center
| | - G Charames
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Metcalfe
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg School of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M C Chang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Lerner-Ellis
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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223
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Vinod C, Jyothy A, Vijay Kumar M, Raman RR, Nallari P, Venkateshwari A. A Common SNP of IL-10 (-1082A/G) is Associated With Increased Risk of Premenopausal Breast Cancer in South Indian Women. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION 2015; 8:e3434. [PMID: 26478792 PMCID: PMC4606378 DOI: 10.17795/ijcp-3434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evading the immune destruction and angiogenesis has been the two hallmarks of cancer. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with immune suppressing (pro-tumorigenic) and anti-angiogenic (anti-tumorigenic) properties, thus making the role of IL-10 in tumorigenesis enigmatic. Previous studies have suggested a critical role of IL10 altered expression in complex process of tumor-microenvironment, co-evolution and tumorigenesis. OBJECTIVES Evaluating the role of IL10 (-1082A/G) gene promoter polymorphism in breast cancer patients from South India. PATIENTS AND METHODS A case-control study was conducted with a total of 285 individuals, these include 125 histologically confirmed breast cancer patients and 160 age and sex matched controls. Genotypes were determined by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR), followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Statistical analysis was done to test the significance of results obtained. RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed that AA genotype of the Il-10 -1082A/G polymorphism is significantly associated with breast cancer (AA vs. AG: χ(2) = 14.46, P = 0.0001432, OR = 2.854, 95% CI = 1.68 - 4.849). Up on stratifying subjects based on cancer stage, age at onset, menopausal status, AA genotype has associated with all the sub groups, except for post-menopausal women. There was no significant association which was observed with respected to hormonal status (ER, PR) and Her2/neu status. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that IL-10 AA genotype as a risk factor in the etiology of breast cancer in the South Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cingeetham Vinod
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Akka Jyothy
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Malladi Vijay Kumar
- MNJ Institute of Oncology and Regional Cancer Centre, University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ramaiyer Raghu Raman
- MNJ Institute of Oncology and Regional Cancer Centre, University, Hyderabad, India
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224
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Exploring miRNA-Associated Signatures with Diagnostic Relevance in Glioblastoma Multiforme and Breast Cancer Patients. J Clin Med 2015; 4:1612-30. [PMID: 26287251 PMCID: PMC4555080 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4081612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing attention that non-coding RNAs have attracted in the field of cancer research in recent years is undeniable. Whether investigated as prospective therapeutic targets or prognostic indicators or diagnostic biomarkers, the clinical relevance of these molecules is starting to emerge. In addition, identification of non-coding RNAs in a plethora of body fluids has further positioned these molecules as attractive non-invasive biomarkers. This review will first provide an overview of the synthetic cascade that leads to the production of the small non-coding RNAs microRNAs (miRNAs) and presents their strengths as biomarkers of disease. Our interest will next be directed at exploring the diagnostic utility of miRNAs in two types of cancer: the brain tumor glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and breast cancer. Finally, we will discuss additional clinical implications associated with miRNA detection as well as introduce other non-coding RNAs that have generated recent interest in the cancer research community.
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225
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Haploinsufficiency for BRCA1 leads to cell-type-specific genomic instability and premature senescence. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7505. [PMID: 26106036 PMCID: PMC4491827 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although BRCA1 function is essential for maintaining genomic integrity in all cell types, it is unclear why increased risk of cancer in individuals harbouring deleterious mutations in BRCA1 is restricted to only a select few tissues. Here we show that human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) from BRCA1-mutation carriers (BRCA1(mut/+)) exhibit increased genomic instability and rapid telomere erosion in the absence of tumour-suppressor loss. Furthermore, we uncover a novel form of haploinsufficiency-induced senescence (HIS) specific to epithelial cells, which is triggered by pRb pathway activation rather than p53 induction. HIS and telomere erosion in HMECs correlate with misregulation of SIRT1 leading to increased levels of acetylated pRb as well as acetylated H4K16 both globally and at telomeric regions. These results identify a novel form of cellular senescence and provide a potential molecular basis for the rapid cell- and tissue- specific predisposition of breast cancer development associated with BRCA1 haploinsufficiency.
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226
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Lesueur F. Breast Cancer Risk Gene Discovery: Opportunities and Challenges. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-015-0066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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227
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McGuire A, Brown JAL, Malone C, McLaughlin R, Kerin MJ. Effects of age on the detection and management of breast cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:908-29. [PMID: 26010605 PMCID: PMC4491690 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7020815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, breast cancer affects approximately 12% of women worldwide. While the incidence of breast cancer rises with age, a younger age at diagnosis is linked to increased mortality. We discuss age related factors affecting breast cancer diagnosis, management and treatment, exploring key concepts and identifying critical areas requiring further research. We examine age as a factor in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment relating it to factors such as genetic status, breast cancer subtype, hormone factors and nodal status. We examine the effects of age as seen through the adoption of population wide breast cancer screening programs. Assessing the incidence rates of each breast cancer subtype, in the context of age, we examine the observed correlations. We explore how age affects patient's prognosis, exploring the effects of age on stage and subtype incidence. Finally we discuss the future of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, examining the potential of emerging tests and technologies (such as microRNA) and how novel research findings are being translated into clinically relevant practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew McGuire
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - James A L Brown
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Carmel Malone
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Ray McLaughlin
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Michael J Kerin
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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228
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Breast MRI as an adjunct to mammography for breast cancer screening in high-risk patients: retrospective review. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2015; 204:889-97. [PMID: 25794083 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.13.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In July 2011, the provincial government of Ontario, Canada, approved funding for the addition of annual breast MRI to mammography screening for all women 30-69 years old considered to be at high risk for breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of screening breast MRI as compared with mammography in a population-based high-risk screening program. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review identified 650 eligible high-risk women who underwent screening breast MRI and mammography between July 2011 and January 2013 at one institution. Results of 806 screening rounds (comprising both MRI and mammography) were reviewed. RESULTS Malignancy was diagnosed in 13 patients (invasive cancer in nine, ductal carcinoma in situ in three [one with microinvasion], and chest wall metastasis in one). Of the 13 cancers, 12 (92.3%) were detected by MRI and four (30.8%) by mammography. In nine of these patients, the cancer was diagnosed by MRI only, resulting in an incremental cancer detection rate of 10 cancers per 1000 women screened. MRI screening had significantly higher sensitivity than mammography (92.3% vs 30.8%) but lower specificity (85.9% vs 96.8%). MRI also resulted in a higher callback rate for a 6-month follow-up study (BI-RADS category 3 assessment) than mammography (119 [14.8%] vs 13 [1.6%]) and more image-guided biopsies than mammography (95 [11.8%] vs 19 [2.4%]). CONCLUSION MRI is a useful adjunct to mammography for screening in high-risk women, resulting in a significantly higher rate of cancer detection. However, this was found to be at the cost of more imaging and biopsies for lesions that ultimately proved to be benign.
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229
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Orgogozo V, Morizot B, Martin A. The differential view of genotype-phenotype relationships. Front Genet 2015; 6:179. [PMID: 26042146 PMCID: PMC4437230 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An integrative view of diversity and singularity in the living world requires a better understanding of the intricate link between genotypes and phenotypes. Here we re-emphasize the old standpoint that the genotype-phenotype (GP) relationship is best viewed as a connection between two differences, one at the genetic level and one at the phenotypic level. As of today, predominant thinking in biology research is that multiple genes interact with multiple environmental variables (such as abiotic factors, culture, or symbionts) to produce the phenotype. Often, the problem of linking genotypes and phenotypes is framed in terms of genotype and phenotype maps, and such graphical representations implicitly bring us away from the differential view of GP relationships. Here we show that the differential view of GP relationships is a useful explanatory framework in the context of pervasive pleiotropy, epistasis, and environmental effects. In such cases, it is relevant to view GP relationships as differences embedded into differences. Thinking in terms of differences clarifies the comparison between environmental and genetic effects on phenotypes and helps to further understand the connection between genotypes and phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Orgogozo
- CNRS, UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris DiderotParis, France
| | - Baptiste Morizot
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CEPERC UMR 7304Aix en Provence, France
| | - Arnaud Martin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of CaliforniaBerkeley, CA, USA
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230
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KPNA2 is a nuclear export protein that contributes to aberrant localisation of key proteins and poor prognosis of breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1929-37. [PMID: 25989275 PMCID: PMC4580386 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is recognised that modulations of the nuclear import of macromolecules have a role in changing cellular phenotypes and carcinogenesis. We and others have noticed that aberrant subcellular localisation of DNA damage response (DDR) proteins in breast cancer (BC) is associated with loss-of-function phenotype. This study aims to investigate the biological and clinical significance of the nucleocytoplasmic transport protein karyopherin α-2 (KPNA2), and its role in controlling DDR proteins subcellular localisation in BC. Methods: A large (n=1494) and well-characterised series of early-stage invasive BC with a long-term follow-up was assessed for KPNA2 protein by using immunohistochemistry. Results: KPNA2 expression was associated with the subcellular localisation of key DDR proteins that showed cytoplasmic expression including BRCA1, RAD51, SMC6L1, γH2AX, BARD1, UBC9, PIAS1 and CHK1. High level of KPNA2 was associated not only with cytoplasmic localisation of these proteins but also with their low/negative nuclear expression. Positive KPNA2 expression was associated with negative oestrogen receptor and triple-negative phenotype. Survival analysis showed that KPNA2 was associated with poor outcome (P<0.0001), but this effect was not independent of other prognostic variables. Conclusions: This study provides further evidence for the complexity of DDR mechanism in BC, and that KNPA2 has a role in the aberrant subcellular localisation of DDR proteins with subsequent impaired function.
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231
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Surface plasmon resonance: a versatile technique for biosensor applications. SENSORS 2015; 15:10481-510. [PMID: 25951336 PMCID: PMC4481982 DOI: 10.3390/s150510481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 587] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a label-free detection method which has emerged during the last two decades as a suitable and reliable platform in clinical analysis for biomolecular interactions. The technique makes it possible to measure interactions in real-time with high sensitivity and without the need of labels. This review article discusses a wide range of applications in optical-based sensors using either surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI). Here we summarize the principles, provide examples, and illustrate the utility of SPR and SPRI through example applications from the biomedical, proteomics, genomics and bioengineering fields. In addition, SPR signal amplification strategies and surface functionalization are covered in the review.
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232
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Gumaste PV, Penn LA, Cymerman RM, Kirchhoff T, Polsky D, McLellan B. Skin cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:1498-1506. [PMID: 25524463 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Women with BRCA1/2 mutations have an elevated risk of breast and ovarian cancer. These patients and their clinicians are often concerned about their risk for other cancers, including skin cancer. Research evaluating the association between BRCA1/2 mutations and skin cancer is limited and has produced inconsistent results. Herein, we review the current literature on the risk of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. No studies have shown a statistically significant risk of melanoma in BRCA1 families. BRCA2 mutations have been linked to melanoma in large breast and ovarian cancer families, though a statistically significant elevated risk was reported in only one study. Five additional studies have shown some association between BRCA2 mutations and melanoma, while four studies did not find any association. With respect to nonmelanoma skin cancers, studies have produced conflicting results. Given the current state of medical knowledge, there is insufficient evidence to warrant increased skin cancer surveillance of patients with a confirmed BRCA1/2 mutation or a family history of a BRCA1/2 mutation, in the absence of standard risk factors. Nonetheless, suspected BRCA1/2 mutation carriers should be counselled about skin cancer risks and may benefit from yearly full skin examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Gumaste
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - L A Penn
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - R M Cymerman
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - T Kirchhoff
- Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - D Polsky
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - B McLellan
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, U.S.A
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233
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Fu Y, Kadioglu O, Wiench B, Wei Z, Gao C, Luo M, Gu C, Zu Y, Efferth T. Cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis by cajanin stilbene acid from Cajanus cajan in breast cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:462-468. [PMID: 25925968 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The low abundant cajanin stilbene acid (CSA) from Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) has been shown to kill estrogen receptor α positive cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Downstream effects such as cell cycle and apoptosis-related mechanisms have not been analyzed yet. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed the activity of CSA by means of flow cytometry (cell cycle distribution, mitochondrial membrane potential, MMP), confocal laser scanning microscopy (MMP), DNA fragmentation assay (apoptosis), Western blotting (Bax and Bcl-2 expression, caspase-3 activation) as well as mRNA microarray hybridization and Ingenuity pathway analysis. RESULTS CSA induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner from 8.88 to 14.79 µM. The MMP broke down, Bax was upregulated, Bcl-2 downregulated and caspase-3 activated. Microarray profiling revealed that CSA affected BRCA-related DNA damage response and cell cycle-regulated chromosomal replication pathways. CONCLUSION CSA inhibited breast cancer cells by DNA damage and cell cycle-related signaling pathways leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wiench
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zuofu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Meng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Chengbo Gu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuangang Zu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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234
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van den Broek AJ, Schmidt MK, van 't Veer LJ, Tollenaar RAEM, van Leeuwen FE. Worse breast cancer prognosis of BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers: what's the evidence? A systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120189. [PMID: 25816289 PMCID: PMC4376645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Conflicting conclusions have been published regarding breast cancer survival of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Here we provide an evidence-based systematic literature review. Methods Eligible publications were observational studies assessing the survival of breast cancer patients carrying a BRCA1/2 mutation compared to non-carriers or the general breast cancer population. We performed meta-analyses and best-evidence syntheses for survival outcomes taking into account study quality assessed by selection bias, misclassification bias and confounding. Results Sixty-six relevant studies were identified. Moderate evidence for a worse unadjusted recurrence-free survival for BRCA1 mutation carriers was found. For BRCA1 and BRCA2 there was a tendency towards a worse breast cancer-specific and overall survival, however, results were heterogeneous and the evidence was judged to be indecisive. Surprisingly, only 8 studies considered adjuvant treatment as a confounder or effect modifier while only two studies took prophylactic surgery into account. Adjustment for tumour characteristics tended to shift the observed risk estimates towards a relatively more favourable survival. Conclusions In contrast to currently held beliefs of some oncologists, current evidence does not support worse breast cancer survival of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers in the adjuvant setting; differences if any are likely to be small. More well-designed studies are awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J van den Broek
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura J van 't Veer
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Flora E van Leeuwen
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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235
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Ehsani S, Strigel RM, Pettke E, Wilke L, Tevaarwerk AJ, DeMartini WB, Wisinski KB. Screening magnetic resonance imaging recommendations and outcomes in patients at high risk for breast cancer. Breast J 2015; 21:246-53. [PMID: 25789917 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening recommendations and the subsequent outcomes in women with increased risk for breast cancer evaluated by oncology subspecialists at an academic center. Patients evaluated between 1/1/2007 and 3/1/2011 under diagnosis codes for family history of breast or ovarian cancer, genetic syndromes, lobular carcinoma in situ or atypical hyperplasia were included. Patients with a history of breast cancer were excluded. Retrospective review of prospectively acquired demographics, lifetime risk of breast cancer, and screening recommendations were obtained from the medical record. Retrospective review of the results of prospectively interpreted breast imaging examinations and image-guided biopsies were analyzed. 282 women were included. The majority of patients were premenopausal with a median age of 43. Most (69%) were referred due to a family history of breast or ovarian cancers. MRI was recommended for 84% of patients based on a documented lifetime risk >20%. Most women referred for MRI screening (88%) were compliant with this recommendation. A total of 299 breast MRI examinations were performed in 146 patients. Biopsy was performed for 32 (11%) exams and 10 cancers were detected for a positive predictive value (PPV) of 31% (based on biopsy performed) and an overall per exam cancer yield of 3.3%. Three cancers were detected in patients who did not undergo screening MRI. The 13 cancers were Stage 0-II; all patients were without evidence of disease with a median follow-up of 22 months. In a cohort of women seen by breast subspecialty providers, screening breast MRI was recommended according to guidelines, and used primarily in premenopausal women with a family history or genetic predisposition to breast cancer. Adherence to MRI screening recommendations was high and cancer yield from breast MRI was similar to that in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Ehsani
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
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236
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Jones P, Wilcoxen K, Rowley M, Toniatti C. Niraparib: A Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitor for the Treatment of Tumors with Defective Homologous Recombination. J Med Chem 2015; 58:3302-14. [PMID: 25761096 DOI: 10.1021/jm5018237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are involved in DNA repair following damage by endogenous or exogenous processes. It has become clear over the past decade that inhibition of PARP in the context of defects in other DNA repair mechanisms provide a tumor specific way to kill cancer cells. We describe the rationale for this approach and the design and discovery of niraparib, a potent PARP-1/2 inhibitor with good cell based activity, selectivity for cancer over normal cells, and oral bioavailability. Niraparib was characterized in a number of preclinical models before moving to phase I clinical trials, where it showed excellent human pharmacokinetics suitable for once a day oral dosing, achieved its pharmacodynamic target for PARP inhibition, and had promising activity in cancer patients. It is currently being tested in phase 3 clinical trials as maintenance therapy in ovarian cancer and as a treatment for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Jones
- †Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, Via Pontina km 30600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Keith Wilcoxen
- ‡TESARO, Inc., 1000 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Michael Rowley
- †Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, Via Pontina km 30600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Carlo Toniatti
- †Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, Via Pontina km 30600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
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237
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Abstract
All of life is regulated by complex and organized chemical reactions that help dictate when to grow, to move, to reproduce, and to die. When these processes go awry, or are interrupted by pathological agents, diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, or infections can result. Cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, adipokines, and other chemical moieties make up a vast subset of these chemical reactions that are altered in disease states, and monitoring changes in these molecules could provide for the identification of disease biomarkers. From the first identification of carcinoembryonic antigen, to the discovery of prostate-specific antigen, to numerous others described within, biomarkers of disease are detectable in a plethora of sample types. The growing number of biomarkers for infection, autoimmunity, and cancer allow for increasingly early detection, to identification of novel drug targets, to prognostic indicators of disease outcome. However, more and more studies are finding that a single cytokine or growth factor is insufficient as a true disease biomarker and that a more global perspective is needed to understand true disease biology. Such a broad view requires a multiplexed platform for chemical detection, and antibody arrays meet and exceed this need by performing this detection in a high-throughput fashion. Herein, we will discuss how antibody arrays have evolved, and how they have helped direct new drug target design, helped identify therapeutic disease markers, and helped in earlier disease detection. From asthma to renal disease, and neurological dysfunction to immunologic disorders, antibody arrays afford a bright future for new biomarkers discovery.
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238
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Baryła I, Styczeń-Binkowska E, Bednarek AK. Alteration of WWOX in human cancer: a clinical view. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:305-14. [PMID: 25681467 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214561953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
WWOX gene is located in FRA16D, the highly affected chromosomal fragile site. Its tumor suppressor activity has been proposed on a basis of numerous genomic alterations reported in chromosome 16q23.3-24.1 locus. WWOX is affected in many cancers, showing as high as 80% loss of heterozygosity in breast tumors. Unlike most tumor suppressors impairing of both alleles of WWOX is very rare. Despite cellular and animal models information on a WWOX role in cancer tissue is limited and sometimes confusing. This review summarizes information on WWOX in human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Baryła
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Styczeń-Binkowska
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej K Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
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239
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Sun CK, Zhang F, Xiang T, Chen Q, Pandita TK, Huang Y, Hu MCT, Yang Q. Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 confers PARP inhibitor resistance in BRCA1-deficient cancers. Oncotarget 2015; 5:3375-85. [PMID: 24831086 PMCID: PMC4102816 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a promising therapeutic strategy for BRCA1 deficient cancers, however, the development of drug resistance limits clinical efficacy. Previously we found that the BRCA1-AKT1 pathway contributes to tumorigenesis and that the AKT1/mTOR is a novel therapeutic target for BRCA1-deficient cancers. Here, we report that phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6, a mTOR downstream effector, is greatly increased in BRCA1 deficient cells resistant to PARP inhibition. Phosphorylation of S6 is associated with DNA damage and repair signaling during PARP inhibitor treatment. In BRCA1 deficient cells, expression of S6 lacking all five phosphorylatable sites renders the cells sensitive to PARP inhibitor and increases DNA damage signals. In addition, the S6 mutations reduce tumor formation induced by Brca1-deficiency in mice. Inhibition of S6 phosphorylation by rapamycin restores PARP sensitivity to resistant cells. Combined treatment with rapamycin and PARP inhibitor effectively suppresses BRCA1-deficient tumor growth in mice. These results provide evidence for a novel mechanism by which BRCA1 deficient cancers acquire drug resistance and suggest a new therapeutic strategy to circumvent resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-kui Sun
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108
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240
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Yadav LR, Rai S, Hosur MV, Varma AK. Functional assessment of intrinsic disorder central domains of BRCA1. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 33:2469-78. [PMID: 25616417 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.1000973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The most studied function of BRCA1 is that of tumor suppression through its role in DNA repair and transcription regulation. Germline mutations discovered in a larger cohort of patients, abrogate BRCA1 interactions with reported cellular partners, and are responsible for breast and ovarian cancer. The different functional regions of BRCA1 interact with nearly 30 different cellular partners. Thus, it becomes clinically significant to understand the detailed protein-protein interactions associated with functional regions of BRCA1. Different overlapping central domains of BRCA1 have been characterized using in silico, in vitro and biophysical approaches. To our conclusions, it has been observed that central domains of BRCA1 are intrinsically disordered and has large hydrodynamic radius with random coil like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumbini R Yadav
- a Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer , Kharghar , Navi Mumbai , Maharashtra 410 210 , India
| | - Sharad Rai
- a Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer , Kharghar , Navi Mumbai , Maharashtra 410 210 , India
| | - M V Hosur
- a Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer , Kharghar , Navi Mumbai , Maharashtra 410 210 , India
| | - Ashok K Varma
- a Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer , Kharghar , Navi Mumbai , Maharashtra 410 210 , India
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241
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Pettapiece-Phillips R, Narod SA, Kotsopoulos J. The role of body size and physical activity on the risk of breast cancer in BRCA mutation carriers. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:333-44. [PMID: 25579073 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Women who inherit a BRCA mutation face a high lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. Given the high penetrance of these mutations, prevention is of extreme importance. Here, we review the literature regarding the role of body size and of physical activity in the context of BRCA-associated breast cancer. There is some evidence to support a protective role of a healthy body size and of regular physical activity among mutation carriers, particularly during adolescence or early adulthood. Factors which increase the physiologic expression of the normal copy of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene and thereby normalize protein levels, contribute to stem cell homeostasis, and/or affect hormone levels, might mitigate the effects of an inherited BRCA mutation. Preliminary evidence from one in vivo study and from one epidemiologic report suggests that an increase in BRCA1 mRNA expression occurs with increasing levels of physical activity. The prospect of changing lifestyle for the purpose of preventing breast cancer in high-risk women, complemented by mechanistic evidence, warrants evaluation in large-scale prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Pettapiece-Phillips
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 790 Bay Street, 7th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada
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242
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Yao H, Ji M, Zhu Z, Zhou J, Cao R, Chen X, Xu B. Discovery of 1-substituted benzyl-quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione derivatives as novel poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:681-93. [PMID: 25614115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) has emerged as a promising anticancer drug target due to its key role in the DNA repair process. In this work, a novel series of 1-benzyl-quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione derivatives were designed and synthesized as human PARP-1 inhibitors, structure-activity relationships were conducted and led to a number of potent PARP-1 inhibitors having IC50 values of single or double digit nanomolar level. Compound 7j was a potent PARP-1 and PARP-2 inhibitor and it could selectively kill the breast cancer cells MX-1 and MDA-MB-468 with mutated BRCA1/2 and PTEN, respectively, in comparison with homologous recombination proficient cell types such as breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. In addition, compound 7j displayed the strongest potentiation effect on temozolomide in MX-1 cells (PF50=3.77) in this series of PARP-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ming Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ran Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Bailing Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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243
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Sopik V, Akbari M, Narod S. Genetic testing forRAD51Cmutations: in the clinic and community. Clin Genet 2015; 88:303-12. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Sopik
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5G 1N8 Canada
| | - M.R. Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5G 1N8 Canada
| | - S.A. Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5G 1N8 Canada
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244
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Jimeno S, Fernández-Ávila MJ, Cruz-García A, Cepeda-García C, Gómez-Cabello D, Huertas P. Neddylation inhibits CtIP-mediated resection and regulates DNA double strand break repair pathway choice. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:987-99. [PMID: 25567988 PMCID: PMC4333419 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks are the most cytotoxic lesions that can occur on the DNA. They can be repaired by different mechanisms and optimal survival requires a tight control between them. Here we uncover protein deneddylation as a major controller of repair pathway choice. Neddylation inhibition changes the normal repair profile toward an increase on homologous recombination. Indeed, RNF111/UBE2M-mediated neddylation acts as an inhibitor of BRCA1 and CtIP-mediated DNA end resection, a key process in repair pathway choice. By controlling the length of ssDNA produced during DNA resection, protein neddylation not only affects the choice between NHEJ and homologous recombination but also controls the balance between different recombination subpathways. Thus, protein neddylation status has a great impact in the way cells respond to DNA breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Jimeno
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), 41092 Sevilla, Spain Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Andrés Cruz-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), 41092 Sevilla, Spain Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina Cepeda-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel Gómez-Cabello
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pablo Huertas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), 41092 Sevilla, Spain Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
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245
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Pathania S, Bade S, Le Guillou M, Burke K, Reed R, Bowman-Colin C, Su Y, Ting DT, Polyak K, Richardson AL, Feunteun J, Garber JE, Livingston DM. BRCA1 haploinsufficiency for replication stress suppression in primary cells. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5496. [PMID: 25400221 PMCID: PMC4243249 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1—a breast and ovarian cancer suppressor gene—promotes genome integrity. To study the functionality of BRCA1 in the heterozygous state, we established a collection of primary human BRCA1+/+ and BRCA1mut/+ mammary epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Here we report that all BRCA1mut/+ cells exhibited multiple normal BRCA1 functions, including the support of homologous recombination- type double-strand break repair (HR-DSBR), checkpoint functions, centrosome number control, spindle pole formation, Slug expression and satellite RNA suppression. In contrast, the same cells were defective in stalled replication fork repair and/or suppression of fork collapse, that is, replication stress. These defects were rescued by reconstituting BRCA1mut/+ cells with wt BRCA1. In addition, we observed ‘conditional’ haploinsufficiency for HR-DSBR in BRCA1mut/+ cells in the face of replication stress. Given the importance of replication stress in epithelial cancer development and of an HR defect in breast cancer pathogenesis, both defects are candidate contributors to tumorigenesis in BRCA1-deficient mammary tissue. BRCA1 is a key breast and ovarian cancer suppressor involved in DSB repair. Here, the authors show that cells heterozygous for several BRCA1 mutations are universally defective in the response to replication stress, which could contribute to the BRCA1 breast cancer development pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailja Pathania
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Sangeeta Bade
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Morwenna Le Guillou
- Stabilité Génétique et Oncogenèse, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-UMR8200, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Karly Burke
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Rachel Reed
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Christian Bowman-Colin
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Ying Su
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - David T Ting
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Andrea L Richardson
- 1] Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jean Feunteun
- Stabilité Génétique et Oncogenèse, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-UMR8200, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Judy E Garber
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - David M Livingston
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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246
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Abstract
Excess body weight and genetics play important roles in cancer susceptibility. Although several studies have reported on obesity and genetic variants as separate risk factors for cancer, very few studies have investigated the interaction between excess body weight and genetic variants in cancer susceptibility. In this review, we focus on the interplay between these 2 risk factors, which are a major determinant of the individual risk of cancer onset.
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247
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Abugattas J, Llacuachaqui M, Allende YS, Velásquez AA, Velarde R, Cotrina J, Garcés M, León M, Calderón G, de la Cruz M, Mora P, Royer R, Herzog J, Weitzel JN, Narod SA. Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in unselected breast cancer patients from Peru. Clin Genet 2014; 88:371-5. [PMID: 25256238 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations among breast cancer patients in Peru has not yet been explored. We enrolled 266 women with breast cancer from a National cancer hospital in Lima, Peru, unselected for age or family history. DNA was screened with a panel of 114 recurrent Hispanic BRCA mutations (HISPANEL). Among the 266 cases, 13 deleterious mutations were identified (11 in BRCA1 and 2 in BRCA2), representing 5% of the total. The average age of breast cancer in the mutation-positive cases was 44 years. BRCA1 185delAG represented 7 of 11 mutations in BRCA1. Other mutations detected in BRCA1 included: two 2080delA, one 943ins10, and one 3878delTA. The BRCA2 3036del4 mutation was seen in two patients. Given the relatively low cost of the HISPANEL test, one should consider offering this test to all Peruvian women with breast or ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abugattas
- Departamento de Mamas, Partes Blandas y Piel, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - M Llacuachaqui
- Familial Breast Cancer Research Unit, Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Y Sullcahuaman Allende
- Unidad de Genética y Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru.,Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - A Arias Velásquez
- Unidad de Genética y Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - R Velarde
- Departamento de Mamas, Partes Blandas y Piel, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - J Cotrina
- Departamento de Mamas, Partes Blandas y Piel, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - M Garcés
- Departamento de Mamas, Partes Blandas y Piel, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - M León
- Departamento de Mamas, Partes Blandas y Piel, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - G Calderón
- Departamento de Mamas, Partes Blandas y Piel, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - M de la Cruz
- Departamento de Mamas, Partes Blandas y Piel, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - P Mora
- Departamento de Mamas, Partes Blandas y Piel, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - R Royer
- Familial Breast Cancer Research Unit, Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Herzog
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - J N Weitzel
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - S A Narod
- Familial Breast Cancer Research Unit, Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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248
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Sopik V, Phelan C, Cybulski C, Narod S. BRCA1andBRCA2mutations and the risk for colorectal cancer. Clin Genet 2014; 87:411-8. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Sopik
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital; Familial Breast Cancer Research; 790 Bay Street Toronto Ontario M5G 1N8 Canada
| | - C. Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology; Moffitt Cancer Center; 12902 Magnolia Drive Tampa FL 33647 USA
| | - C. Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology; Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - S.A. Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital; Familial Breast Cancer Research; 790 Bay Street Toronto Ontario M5G 1N8 Canada
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249
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Larsen MJ, Thomassen M, Gerdes AM, Kruse TA. Hereditary breast cancer: clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2014; 8:145-55. [PMID: 25368521 PMCID: PMC4213954 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s18715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 are only detected in 25% of families with a strong history of breast cancer, though hereditary factors are expected to be involved in the remaining families with no recognized mutation. Molecular characterization is expected to provide new insight into the tumor biology to guide the search of new high-risk alleles and provide better classification of the growing number of BRCA1/2 variants of unknown significance (VUS). In this review, we provide an overview of hereditary breast cancer, its genetic background, and clinical implications, before focusing on the pathologically and molecular features associated with the disease. Recent transcriptome and genome profiling studies of tumor series from BRCA1/2 mutation carriers as well as familial non-BRCA1/2 will be discussed. Special attention is paid to its association with molecular breast cancer subtypes as well as the latest advances in predicting BRCA1/2 involvement (BRCAness) using molecular signatures, for improved diagnostics and selection of patients sensitive to targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Larsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. ; Human Genetics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. ; Human Genetics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben A Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. ; Human Genetics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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250
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Long DT, Joukov V, Budzowska M, Walter JC. BRCA1 promotes unloading of the CMG helicase from a stalled DNA replication fork. Mol Cell 2014; 56:174-85. [PMID: 25219499 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein BRCA1 promotes homologous recombination (HR), a high-fidelity mechanism to repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that arise during normal replication and in response to DNA-damaging agents. Recent genetic experiments indicate that BRCA1 also performs an HR-independent function during the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). Here we show that BRCA1 is required to unload the CMG helicase complex from chromatin after replication forks collide with an ICL. Eviction of the stalled helicase allows leading strands to be extended toward the ICL, followed by endonucleolytic processing of the crosslink, lesion bypass, and DSB repair. Our results identify BRCA1-dependent helicase unloading as a critical, early event in ICL repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Long
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vladimir Joukov
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Magda Budzowska
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Johannes C Walter
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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