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Momen NC, Olsen J, Gissler M, Kieler H, Haglund B, Li J. Exposure to systemic antibacterial medications during pregnancy and risk of childhood cancer. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2015; 24:821-9. [DOI: 10.1002/pds.3806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C. Momen
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health; Aarhus University; Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health; Aarhus University; Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology; University of California; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Mika Gissler
- THL National Institute for Health and Welfare; Helsinki Finland
- Nordic School of Public Health NHV; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Helle Kieler
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Bengt Haglund
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jiong Li
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health; Aarhus University; Denmark
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202
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Vilchis-Ordoñez A, Contreras-Quiroz A, Vadillo E, Dorantes-Acosta E, Reyes-López A, Quintela-Nuñez del Prado HM, Venegas-Vázquez J, Mayani H, Ortiz-Navarrete V, López-Martínez B, Pelayo R. Bone Marrow Cells in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Create a Proinflammatory Microenvironment Influencing Normal Hematopoietic Differentiation Fates. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:386165. [PMID: 26090405 PMCID: PMC4450234 DOI: 10.1155/2015/386165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a serious public health problem in the pediatric population worldwide, contributing to 85% of deaths from childhood cancers. Understanding the biology of the disease is crucial for its clinical management and the development of therapeutic strategies. In line with that observed in other malignancies, chronic inflammation may contribute to a tumor microenvironment resulting in the damage of normal processes, concomitant to development and maintenance of neoplastic cells. We report here that hematopoietic cells from bone marrow B-ALL have the ability to produce proinflammatory and growth factors, including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-12, and GM-CSF that stimulate proliferation and differentiation of normal stem and progenitor cells. Our findings suggest an apparently distinct CD13(+)CD33(+) population of leukemic cells contributing to a proinflammatory microenvironment that may be detrimental to long-term normal hematopoiesis within B-ALL bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Vilchis-Ordoñez
- “Federico Gómez” Children's Hospital, 06720 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Avenida Cuauhtemoc 330, Colonia Doctores, 06720 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
- Clinical Biochemistry Program, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Adriana Contreras-Quiroz
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Avenida Cuauhtemoc 330, Colonia Doctores, 06720 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, CINVESTAV, 07360 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vadillo
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Avenida Cuauhtemoc 330, Colonia Doctores, 06720 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Venegas-Vázquez
- UMAE “Dr. Victorio de la Fuente Narvaéz”, Mexican Institute for Social Security, 07760 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Hector Mayani
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Avenida Cuauhtemoc 330, Colonia Doctores, 06720 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | | | | | - Rosana Pelayo
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Avenida Cuauhtemoc 330, Colonia Doctores, 06720 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
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203
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Zhou MH, Yang QM. Association of asthma with the risk of acute leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:859-864. [PMID: 26171196 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing incidence of hematological malignancies has been observed in children and adults worldwide over the last few decades. Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the potential association between a history of asthma and the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). A literature search was performed through PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the selected studies. The I2 index was used to evaluate heterogeneity and the outcome was measured as the odds ratio (OR) by the random-effects model. A total of 16 case-control studies were included. All the studies were of high quality. The OR for ALL was 0.90 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68-1.19; P=0.45; I2=79%]. The OR for AML was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.67-1.08; P=0.19; I2=8%). The OR for NHL was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.83-1.00; P=0.05; I2=0%). Asthma was found to be inversely associated with the risk of NHL. A negative trend of association of asthma with ALL and AML was also observed. However, additional large prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hang Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Ming Yang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
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204
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Sun J, Zheng J, Tang L, Healy J, Sinnett D, Dai YE. Association between CEBPE Variant and Childhood Acute Leukemia Risk: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis of 22 Studies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125657. [PMID: 25938438 PMCID: PMC4418706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (CEBPs) have been involved in the etiology of acute leukemia (AL) and investigated in numerous genetic association studies, however, the results were inconclusive. The current meta-analysis was conducted to clarify the effect of CEBPE rs2239633 variant on childhood AL risk. Electronic literature search was performed on August 15, 2014, from databases of Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. A total of 22 case-control studies were eligible for the pooled analysis. The results demonstrated that rs2239633 A allele was significantly associated with a decreased risk of childhood AL (A vs G: OR=0.87, 95%CI = 0.80, 0.94, p<0.001), especially in B-cell ALL subgroup (A vs G: OR = 0.79, 95%CI = 0.74, 0.83, p<0.001), but not among T-cell ALL or AML subgroups. In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, the association was observed in Europeans (A vs G: OR = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.76, 0.84, p<0.001) but not in Asian and mixed populations. Moreover, the results of sensitivity and cumulative meta-analysis indicated the robustness of our results. Also, Begg’s and Egger’s tests did not indicate any evidence of obvious asymmetry. In summary, our study provided evidence that CEBPE rs2239633 variant is associated with decreased risk of childhood B-cell ALL in Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huai’an Matenal and Child Health Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyu Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Huai'an, China
| | - Linjun Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongling People's Hospital, Tongling, An’hui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jasmine Healy
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yue-e Dai
- Nanjing Children’s Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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205
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Niehues T. Optimizing treatment in paediatric rheumatology--lessons from oncology. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2015; 11:493-9. [PMID: 25900208 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of children with cancer, in particular with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), has been highly successful in the past two decades owing to the implementation of treatment optimization studies. Study centres appointed by scientific societies design treatment optimization study protocols (TOSPs) that address an investigator-initiated research question and detail treatment procedures according to these aims. Nearly all children with malignant diseases are treated within TOSPs, whereas children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and other common paediatric rheumatic diseases are mostly treated outside TOSPs and clinical trials. Despite the differences in natural course and prognosis between malignant and inflammatory diseases, aiming for the recruitment of all children with defined rheumatic diseases into TOSPs or similar protocols would enable the longitudinal collection of crucial clinical data and improve evidence-based approaches. Successful research networks already exist in paediatric rheumatology that could facilitate the implementation of this approach. Paediatric rheumatic diseases have a considerable impact on patients and their families; thus, I propose that research networks in paediatric rheumatology should recruit most--if not all--children with rheumatic diseases into study protocols with standardized treatment and outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Niehues
- HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld, Lutherplatz 40, 47805 Krefeld, Germany
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206
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Castro-Jiménez MÁ, Cortés-Sánchez CE, Rueda-Arenas E, Tibaduiza-Buitrago LA. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a 2-year-old girl whose mother was previously diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome: a case report. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:148. [PMID: 25888999 PMCID: PMC4404630 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of maternal exposures and conditions in the origin of childhood cancer has been a subject of growing interest, but current evidence is inconclusive. CASE PRESENTATION We present a case detected in a multicenter case-control study evaluating the association between parental risk factors and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The patient is a Colombian girl who was diagnosed with ALL-L1 when she was 2 years old. Her mother had been diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome before pregnancy and had also been treated with subcutaneous injections of heparin. Other potentially relevant maternal and patient exposures are also reported in this paper. CONCLUSION We hypothesize that the maternal autoimmune disease could be a contributor in the causality network of the daughter's leukemia. However, the role of other exposures cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Castro-Jiménez
- Grupo Colombiano de Estudios Alfa en Epidemiología, Salud Poblacional, Estadística Aplicada y Ciencias Aliadas. Magna Science Corporation, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. .,Grupo de Investigación Epidemiológica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Avenida Calle 1 No. 9-85, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Carlos Efraín Cortés-Sánchez
- Postgrado en Salud Ocupacional. Universidad El Bosque, Avenida Carrera 9 No. 131 A - 02, Edificio Fundadores, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Ernesto Rueda-Arenas
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Salud. Universidad Industrial de Santander - Hospital Universitario de Santander, Carrera 33 No. 20-126., Bucaramanga, (Santander), Colombia.
| | - Lucy Adela Tibaduiza-Buitrago
- Grupo Colombiano de Estudios Alfa en Epidemiología, Salud Poblacional, Estadística Aplicada y Ciencias Aliadas. Magna Science Corporation, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
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207
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Rudant J, Lightfoot T, Urayama KY, Petridou E, Dockerty JD, Magnani C, Milne E, Spector LG, Ashton LJ, Dessypris N, Kang AY, Miller M, Rondelli R, Simpson J, Stiakaki E, Orsi L, Roman E, Metayer C, Infante-Rivard C, Clavel J. Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and indicators of early immune stimulation: a Childhood Leukemia International Consortium study. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 181:549-62. [PMID: 25731888 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The associations between childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and several proxies of early stimulation of the immune system, that is, day-care center attendance, birth order, maternally reported common infections in infancy, and breastfeeding, were investigated by using data from 11 case-control studies participating in the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium (enrollment period: 1980-2010). The sample included 7,399 ALL cases and 11,181 controls aged 2-14 years. The data were collected by questionnaires administered to the parents. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by unconditional logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, study, maternal education, and maternal age. Day-care center attendance in the first year of life was associated with a reduced risk of ALL (odds ratio = 0.77, 95% confidence interval: 0.71, 0.84), with a marked inverse trend with earlier age at start (P < 0.0001). An inverse association was also observed with breastfeeding duration of 6 months or more (odds ratio = 0.86, 95% confidence interval: 0.79, 0.94). No significant relationship with a history of common infections in infancy was observed even though the odds ratio was less than 1 for more than 3 infections. The findings of this large pooled analysis reinforce the hypothesis that day-care center attendance in infancy and prolonged breastfeeding are associated with a decreased risk of ALL.
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208
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Ernst SA, Günther K, Frambach T, Zeeb H. Prenatal recruitment of participants for a birth cohort study including cord blood collection: results of a feasibility study in Bremen, Germany. GERMAN MEDICAL SCIENCE : GMS E-JOURNAL 2015; 13:Doc04. [PMID: 25908931 PMCID: PMC4397994 DOI: 10.3205/000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective birth cohort studies comprising follow up of children from pregnancy or birth over a long period of time, and collecting various biological samples at different times through the life-course offer a promising approach to enhance etiologic knowledge of various diseases. Especially for those where early lifetime exposures and conditions are thought to play an important role. The collection and storage of biological samples is a critical component in epidemiological studies, notably for research regarding prenatal exposures to various environmental factors as well as for DNA extraction. Our feasibility study for a birth cohort within the scope of etiology of childhood leukemia with prospective sampling of mothers and their future newborns aimed to investigate the willingness of pregnant women to participate in a birth cohort study involving collection of blood and umbilical cord blood samples. The overall aim was to develop practice-based research recommendations for a possible German birth cohort study. METHODS The study was conducted in Bremen, Germany, between January 2012 and March 2013. Pregnant women were eligible for recruitment if (i) their expected date of delivery was during the study recruitment phase (September 2012-February 2013), (ii) they planned to give birth at the cooperating hospital's obstetric unit and (iii) their knowledge of the German language was sufficient to understand study materials, details of participation and to fill out the prenatal self-administered questionnaire. Maternal blood and umbilical cord blood samples to be used for later research activities were collected and stored at a stem cell bank already collaborating with the hospital. 22 primary care gynecologists were invited to enroll pregnant women for the study and cooperation with one hospital was established. Expectant women were recruited during the last trimester of pregnancy, either during one of their prenatal care visits at their primary care gynecologist or later on in hospital by the attending obstetricians or project staff. RESULTS Of the 22 invited primary care gynecologists requested to enroll pregnant women for the study, 8 gynecologists actually collaborated. A total of 200 eligible women were invited to participate in the study, 48 (24%) of whom agreed. 34 women were enrolled by primary care gynecologists, with one gynecologist enrolling 26 women. Twelve of 14 women recruited via hospitals were enrolled by study staff. A total of 41 women consented to the collection of umbilical cord blood and maternal blood samples, and samples could be stored for 54% of them. Reason for non-participation were the uncertainty whether or not the full study would be conducted and the fact that the participants were not willing to decide for their children whether or not genetic information (cord blood) can be stored for research purposes. CONCLUSION Enrolling parents in a birth cohort study that includes biosampling is a challenge, but participation can be improved through close collaboration with primary care gynecologists and maternity hospitals. Cord blood collection may impede participation, especially when maternity hospitals offer an alternative option for cord blood donation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathrin Günther
- Leibniz-Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Hajo Zeeb
- Leibniz-Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
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209
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Kerr JR, Mattey DL. The role of parvovirus B19 and the immune response in the pathogenesis of acute leukemia. Rev Med Virol 2015; 25:133-55. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Kerr
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad del Rosario; Bogotá D.C. Colombia
| | - Derek L. Mattey
- Staffordshire Rheumatology Centre and University of Keele; Haywood Hospital; Stoke on Trent United Kingdom
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210
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Erdmann F, Kaatsch P, Schüz J. Family circumstances and survival from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in West Germany. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 39:209-15. [PMID: 25698214 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the relationship between family characteristics and survival from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), which we studied for the first time in German children. METHODS ALL cases were diagnosed between 1992 and 1994 and information on family characteristics was collected during a previously conducted nationwide case-control study. Children were followed for 10 years after diagnosis, as few disease-related events occur afterwards. Cox proportional hazards models estimating hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using overall as well as event-free survival methods. RESULTS Second born children showed statistically significant better survival compared to first or later born children, with HRs ranging between 0.54 and 0.64 compared to firstborns. Somewhat poorer survival was observed for children having 3 or more siblings. A relationship was found for parental age at child's diagnosis, with poorer survival for children with younger parents (≤25 years of age at child's diagnosis), or with older fathers. The HR was statistically significant for fathers being ≥41years of age (HR of 2.1). No relationship between degree of urbanization of the place of residence at diagnosis and ALL survival was observed. CONCLUSION Family circumstances may have an impact on survival from childhood ALL in Germany. Further research is warranted to elaborate the relationship of specific family characteristics and ALL survival and to investigate possible differential adherence to therapy and interactions with physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Erdmann
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France.
| | - Peter Kaatsch
- German Childhood Cancer Registry, Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 69, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France
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211
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Hsu LI, Chokkalingam AP, Briggs FBS, Walsh K, Crouse V, Fu C, Metayer C, Wiemels JL, Barcellos LF, Buffler PA. Association of genetic variation in IKZF1, ARID5B, and CEBPE and surrogates for early-life infections with the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Hispanic children. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:609-19. [PMID: 25761407 PMCID: PMC4504234 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0550-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies focusing on European-ancestry populations have identified ALL risk loci on IKZF1, ARID5B, and CEBPE. To capture the impacts of these genes on ALL risk in the California Hispanic population, we comprehensively assessed the variation within the genes and further assessed the joint effects between the genetic variation and surrogates for early-life infections (the presence of older siblings, daycare attendance, and ear infections). METHODS Genotypic data for 323 Hispanic ALL cases and 454 controls from the California Childhood Leukemia Study were generated using Illumina OmniExpress v1 platform. Logistic regression assuming a log-additive model estimated odds ratios (OR) associated with each SNP, adjusted for age, sex, and the first five principal components. In addition, we examined potential interactions between six ALL risk alleles and surrogates for early-life infections using logistic regression models that included an interaction term. RESULTS Significant associations between genotypes at IKZF1, ARID5B, and CEBPE and ALL risk were identified: rs7780012, OR 0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35-0.71 (p = 0.004); rs7089424, OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.70-2.65 (p = 1.16 × 10(-9)); rs4982731, OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.37-2.08 (p = 2.35 × 10(-6)), respectively. Evidence for multiplicative interactions between genetic variants and surrogates for early-life infections with ALL risk was not observed. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with findings in non-Hispanic White population, our study showed that variants within IKZF1, ARID5B, and CEBPE were associated with increased ALL risk, and the effects for ARID5B and CEBPE were most prominent in the high-hyperdiploid ALL subtype in the California Hispanic population. Results implicate the ARID5B, CEBPE, and IKZF1 genes in the pathogenesis of childhood ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-I Hsu
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA,
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212
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Ajrouche R, Rudant J, Orsi L, Petit A, Baruchel A, Lambilliotte A, Gambart M, Michel G, Bertrand Y, Ducassou S, Gandemer V, Paillard C, Saumet L, Blin N, Hémon D, Clavel J. Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and indicators of early immune stimulation: the Estelle study (SFCE). Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1017-26. [PMID: 25675150 PMCID: PMC4366894 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Factors related to early stimulation of the immune system (breastfeeding, proxies for exposure to infectious agents, normal delivery, and exposure to animals in early life) have been suggested to decrease the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Methods: The national registry-based case–control study, ESTELLE, was carried out in France in 2010–2011. Population controls were frequency matched with cases on age and gender. The participation rates were 93% for cases and 86% for controls. Data were obtained from structured telephone questionnaires administered to mothers. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using unconditional regression models adjusted for age, gender, and potential confounders. Results: In all, 617 ALL and 1225 controls aged ⩾1 year were included. Inverse associations between ALL and early common infections (OR=0.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6, 1.0), non-first born (⩾3 vs 1; OR=0.7, 95% CI: 0.5, 1.0), attendance of a day-care centre before age 1 year (OR=0.7, 95% CI: 0.5, 1.0), breastfeeding (OR=0.8, 95% CI: 0.7, 1.0), and regular contact with pets (OR=0.8, 95% CI: 0.7, 1.0) in infancy were observed. Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that conditions promoting the maturation of the immune system in infancy have a protective role with respect to ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ajrouche
- 1] Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancers, CRESS, INSERM U1153, Villejuif, France [2] Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - J Rudant
- 1] Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancers, CRESS, INSERM U1153, Villejuif, France [2] Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France [3] RNHE-National Registry of Childhood Hematopoietic Malignancies, Villejuif, France
| | - L Orsi
- 1] Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancers, CRESS, INSERM U1153, Villejuif, France [2] Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - A Petit
- 1] AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France [2] Université Paris 6 Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - A Baruchel
- 1] AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France [2] Université Paris 7, Paris, France
| | | | - M Gambart
- Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
| | - G Michel
- AP-HM, Hôpital la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Y Bertrand
- Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France
| | - S Ducassou
- Hôpital Pellegrin Tripode, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - C Paillard
- Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - L Saumet
- Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - N Blin
- Hôpital Mère-Enfant, CHU-Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - D Hémon
- 1] Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancers, CRESS, INSERM U1153, Villejuif, France [2] Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - J Clavel
- 1] Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancers, CRESS, INSERM U1153, Villejuif, France [2] Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France [3] RNHE-National Registry of Childhood Hematopoietic Malignancies, Villejuif, France
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Perez-Andreu V, Roberts KG, Xu H, Smith C, Zhang H, Yang W, Harvey RC, Payne-Turner D, Devidas M, Cheng IM, Carroll WL, Heerema NA, Carroll AJ, Raetz EA, Gastier-Foster JM, Marcucci G, Bloomfield CD, Mrózek K, Kohlschmidt J, Stock W, Kornblau SM, Konopleva M, Paietta E, Rowe JM, Luger SM, Tallman MS, Dean M, Burchard EG, Torgerson DG, Yue F, Wang Y, Pui CH, Jeha S, Relling MV, Evans WE, Gerhard DS, Loh ML, Willman CL, Hunger SP, Mullighan CG, Yang JJ. A genome-wide association study of susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adolescents and young adults. Blood 2015; 125:680-6. [PMID: 25468567 PMCID: PMC4304112 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-09-595744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in adolescents and young adults (AYA) is characterized by distinct presenting features and inferior prognosis compared with pediatric ALL. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to comprehensively identify inherited genetic variants associated with susceptibility to AYA ALL. In the discovery GWAS, we compared genotype frequency at 635 297 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 308 AYA ALL cases and 6,661 non-ALL controls by using a logistic regression model with genetic ancestry as a covariate. SNPs that reached P ≤ 5 × 10(-8) in GWAS were tested in an independent cohort of 162 AYA ALL cases and 5,755 non-ALL controls. We identified a single genome-wide significant susceptibility locus in GATA3: rs3824662, odds ratio (OR), 1.77 (P = 2.8 × 10(-10)) and rs3781093, OR, 1.73 (P = 3.2 × 10(-9)). These findings were validated in the replication cohort. The risk allele at rs3824662 was most frequent in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-like ALL but also conferred susceptibility to non-Ph-like ALL in AYAs. In 1,827 non-selected ALL cases, the risk allele frequency at this SNP was positively correlated with age at diagnosis (P = 6.29 × 10(-11)). Our results from this first GWAS of AYA ALL susceptibility point to unique biology underlying leukemogenesis and potentially distinct disease etiology by age group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn G Roberts
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
| | | | | | | | - Meenakshi Devidas
- Department of Biostatistics, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health & Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - I-Ming Cheng
- Cancer Research and Treatment Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - William L Carroll
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Nyla A Heerema
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Andrew J Carroll
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Elizabeth A Raetz
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Guido Marcucci
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Krzysztof Mrózek
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jessica Kohlschmidt
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Alliance of Clinical Trials in Oncology Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester
| | - Wendy Stock
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Steven M Kornblau
- Section of Molecular Hematology & Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Elisabeth Paietta
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, New York, NY
| | | | - Selina M Luger
- Hematologic Malignancies Program, Hematology-Oncology Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Martin S Tallman
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael Dean
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| | - Esteban G Burchard
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Science and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Dara G Torgerson
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Science and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Sima Jeha
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | | | - Mignon L Loh
- Department of Pediatrics and the Helen Diller Family Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and
| | - Cheryl L Willman
- Cancer Research and Treatment Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- School of Medicine and Children's Hospital, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Jun J Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
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214
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S. Knox S. Gene x environment interactions as dynamical systems: clinical implications. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2016.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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215
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Milne E, Greenop KR, Scott RJ, Haber M, Norris MD, Attia J, Jamieson SE, Miller M, Bower C, Bailey HD, Dawson S, McCowage GB, de Klerk NH, van Bockxmeer FM, Armstrong BK. Folate pathway gene polymorphisms, maternal folic acid use, and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:48-56. [PMID: 25395472 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies suggest that maternal folic acid supplementation before or during pregnancy protects against childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We investigated associations between ALL risk and folate pathway gene polymorphisms, and their modification by maternal folic acid supplements, in a population-based case-control study (2003-2007). METHODS All Australian pediatric oncology centers provided cases; controls were recruited by national random digit dialing. Data from 392 cases and 535 controls were included. Seven folate pathway gene polymorphisms (MTHFR 677C>T, MTHFR 1298A>C, MTRR 66A>G, MTR 2756 A>G, MTR 5049 C>A, CBS 844 Ins68, and CBS 2199 T>C) were genotyped in children and their parents. Information on prepregnancy maternal folic acid supplement use was collected. ORs were estimated with unconditional logistic regression adjusted for frequency-matched variables and potential confounders. Case-parent trios were also analyzed. RESULTS There was some evidence of a reduced risk of ALL among children who had, or whose father had, the MTRR 66GG genotype: ORs 0.60 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39-0.91] and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.40-1.03), respectively. The ORs for paternal MTHFR 677CT and TT genotypes were 1.41 (95% CI, 1.02-1.93) and 1.81 (95% CI, 1.06-3.07). ORs varied little by maternal folic acid supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Some folate pathway gene polymorphisms in the child or a parent may influence ALL risk. While biologically plausible, underlying mechanisms for these associations need further elucidation. IMPACT Folate pathway polymorphisms may be related to risk of childhood ALL, but larger studies are needed for conclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Milne
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Kathryn R Greenop
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia. School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. Hunter Area Pathology Service, HNEHealth, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia. School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarra E Jamieson
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Margaret Miller
- School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Mount Lawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carol Bower
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Helen D Bailey
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Somer Dawson
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas H de Klerk
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Frank M van Bockxmeer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Perth Hospital and the School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bruce K Armstrong
- Sax Institute, Haymarket, New South Wales, Australia. Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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216
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Ma L, Liu H, Ruan L, Yang X, Yang H, Feng Y. Multidrug resistance gene 1 C1236T polymorphism and susceptibility to leukemia: A meta-analysis. Biomed Rep 2014; 3:83-87. [PMID: 25469253 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the association between multidrug resistance gene (MDR1) C1236T polymorphism and leukemia risk, however, these published studies have yielded conflicting results. Thus, the present study carried out a meta-analysis to provide a more precise estimate of the effect of this polymorphism on the susceptibility to leukemia. The published case-control studies regarding the association between MDR1 C1236T polymorphism and leukemia risk were included following a computerized search of PubMed, Elsevier, The Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Database. Either fixed- or random-effects models were applied to calculate the combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by RevMan 5.2 software. Seven studies, including 846 cases and 1,523 controls, were included in the present meta-analysis. The results indicated that there was no significant association between the MDR1 C1236T polymorphism and leukemia risk in overall comparisons in all four genetic models (CT vs. CC: OR, 1.31, 95% CI, 0.89-1.91, P=0.17; TT vs. CC: OR, 2.16, 95% CI, 0.99-4.70, P=0.05; TT vs. CC+CT: OR, 1.72, 95% CI, 0.91-3.25, P=0.09; and CT+TT vs. CC: OR, 1.57, 95% CI, 0.96-2.56, P=0.07). In the subgroup analysis according to specific ethnicity, age and the type of leukemia, a significant association was found in adult leukemia (CT+TT vs. CC: OR, 2.77, 95% CI, 1.05-7.31, P=0.04) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CT vs. CC: OR, 1.71, 95% CI, 1.05-2.80, P=0.03). No significant publication bias was detected by funnel plot. Therefore, the meta-analysis indicated that the MDR1 C1236T polymorphism may contribute to the susceptibility to adult leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia. Furthe well-designed studies based on larger sample sizes are required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Ma
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Hongchao Liu
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Linhai Ruan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Xuewen Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Feng
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
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217
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Mattioli S, Farioli A, Legittimo P, Miligi L, Benvenuti A, Ranucci A, Salvan A, Rondelli R, Magnani C. Tobacco smoke and risk of childhood acute non-lymphocytic leukemia: findings from the SETIL study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111028. [PMID: 25401754 PMCID: PMC4234298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental smoking and exposure of the mother or the child to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) as risk factors for Acute non-Lymphocytic Leukemia (AnLL) were investigated. METHODS Incident cases of childhood AnLL were enrolled in 14 Italian Regions during 1998-2001. We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) conducting logistic regression models including 82 cases of AnLL and 1,044 controls. Inverse probability weighting was applied adjusting for: age; sex; provenience; birth order; birth weight; breastfeeding; parental educational level age, birth year, and occupational exposure to benzene. RESULTS Paternal smoke in the conception period was associated with AnLL (OR for ≥ 11 cigarettes/day = 1.79, 95% CI 1.01-3.15; P trend 0.05). An apparent effect modification by maternal age was identified: only children of mothers aged below 30 presented increased risks. We found weak statistical evidence of an association of AnLL with maternal exposure to ETS (OR for exposure>3 hours/day = 1.85, 95%CI 0.97-3.52; P trend 0.07). No association was observed between AnLL and either maternal smoking during pregnancy or child exposure to ETS. CONCLUSIONS This study is consistent with the hypothesis that paternal smoke is associated with AnLL. We observed statistical evidence of an association between maternal exposure to ETS and AnLL, but believe bias might have inflated our estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mattioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Farioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Legittimo
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, ISPO Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Miligi
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, ISPO Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Benvenuti
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, ISPO Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ranucci
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit - Department of Translational Medicine, CPO Piemonte and University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Rondelli
- Paediatric Oncology-Haematology “Lalla Seràgnoli”, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Corrado Magnani
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit - Department of Translational Medicine, CPO Piemonte and University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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218
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Williams CKO, Foroni L, Luzzatto L, Saliu I, Levine A, Greaves MF. Childhood leukaemia and lymphoma: African experience supports a role for environmental factors in leukaemogenesis. Ecancermedicalscience 2014; 8:478. [PMID: 25435906 PMCID: PMC4239129 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2014.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Major differences exist in the nature of leukaemia and lymphoma in low-income African children compared to those in the high-income countries. These include the absence of the peak incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in under-five-year olds that characterizes the disease in high-income countries. Conversely, chloroma association with acute myelogenous leukaemia (CA-AML/AMML) and Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) are rare in the high-income countries. This report describes clinical and laboratory as well as epidemiological features of childhood leukaemia and lymphoma reported betwen 1982 and 1984 in the city of Ibadan, Nigeria. The observed pattern of distribution of childhood haematological malignancies in the city is more consistent with the observations of Ludwik Gross's experiments on environmental influences, such as malnutrition and infections, animal leukaemogenesis, and mirroring the consequences of the primordial pressures that have shaped human genetics and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher KO Williams
- Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Hematology Oncology Consultancy, Port Angeles, WA 98362, USA
- FHCRC/UW Centre for AIDS Research (CFAR), Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Letizia Foroni
- Department of Haematology, Royal Postgraduate Medicine School, London W12 ONN, England
| | - Lucio Luzzatto
- Department of Haematology, Royal Postgraduate Medicine School, London W12 ONN, England
| | - Idris Saliu
- Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Arthur Levine
- Department of Haematology, Royal Postgraduate Medicine School, London W12 ONN, England
- Viral Epidemiology Branch, Landow Building 3C19, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20205, USA
| | - Mel F Greaves
- Chester Beatty Laboratories, London SW3 6JB, England
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219
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Rivera-Luna R, Shalkow-Klincovstein J, Velasco-Hidalgo L, Cárdenas-Cardós R, Zapata-Tarrés M, Olaya-Vargas A, Aguilar-Ortiz MR, Altamirano-Alvarez E, Correa-Gonzalez C, Sánchez-Zubieta F, Pantoja-Guillen F. Descriptive Epidemiology in Mexican children with cancer under an open national public health insurance program. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:790. [PMID: 25355045 PMCID: PMC4228174 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background All the children registered at the National Council for the Prevention and Treatment of Childhood Cancer were analyzed. The rationale for this Federal Government Council is to financially support the treatment of all children registered into this system. All patients are within a network of 55 public certified hospitals nationwide. Methods In the current study, data from 2007 to 2012 are presented for all patients (0–18 years) with a pathological diagnosis of leukemia, lymphoma and solid tumors. The parameters analyzed were prevalence, incidence, mortality, and abandonment rate. Results A diagnosis of cancer was documented in 14,178 children. The incidence was of 156.9/million/year (2012). The median age was 4.9. The most common childhood cancer is leukemia, which occurs in 49.8% of patients (2007–2012); and has an incidence rate of 78.1/million/year (2012). The national mortality rate was 5.3/100,000 in 2012, however in the group between 15 to 18 years it reaches a level of 8.6. Conclusions The study demonstrates that there is a high incidence of childhood cancer in Mexico. In particular, the results reveal an elevated incidence and prevalence of leukemia especially from 0 to 4 years. Only 4.7% of these patients abandoned treatment. The clinical outcome for all of the children studied improved since the establishment of this national program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rivera-Luna
- Head of the Division of Pediatric Hem/Oncology, National Institute of Pediatrics (NIP), Coordinator for the Technical Committee of the National Council for the Prevention and Treatment of Childhood Cancer, Mexico City, Mexico.
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220
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Mezei G, Sudan M, Izraeli S, Kheifets L. Epidemiology of childhood leukemia in the presence and absence of Down syndrome. Cancer Epidemiol 2014; 38:479-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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221
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Maia RDRP, Wünsch Filho V. Infection and childhood leukemia: review of evidence. Rev Saude Publica 2014; 47:1172-85. [PMID: 24626555 PMCID: PMC4206105 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-8910.2013047004753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze studies that evaluated the role of infections as well as indirect
measures of exposure to infection in the risk of childhood leukemia,
particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia. METHODS A search in Medline, Lilacs, and SciELO scientific publication databases
initially using the descriptors "childhood leukemia" and "infection" and
later searching for the words "childhood leukemia" and "maternal infection
or disease" or "breastfeeding" or "daycare attendance" or "vaccination"
resulted in 62 publications that met the following inclusion criteria:
subject aged ≤ 15 years; specific analysis of cases diagnosed with acute
lymphoblastic leukemia or total leukemia; exposure assessment of mothers' or
infants' to infections (or proxy of infection), and risk of leukemia. RESULTS Overall, 23 studies that assessed infections in children support the
hypothesis that occurrence of infection during early childhood reduces the
risk of leukemia, but there are disagreements within and between studies.
The evaluation of exposure to infection by indirect measures showed evidence
of reduced risk of leukemia associated mainly with daycare attendance. More
than 50.0% of the 16 studies that assessed maternal exposure to infection
observed increased risk of leukemia associated with episodes of influenza,
pneumonia, chickenpox, herpes zoster, lower genital tract infection, skin
disease, sexually transmitted diseases, Epstein-Barr virus, and
Helicobacter pylori. CONCLUSIONS Although no specific infectious agent has been identified, scientific
evidence suggests that exposure to infections has some effect on childhood
leukemia etiology.
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Abstract
A few reports of increased numbers of leukaemia cases (clusters) in children living in the vicinity of nuclear power plants (NPP) and other nuclear installations have triggered a heated debate over the possible causes of the disease. In this review the most important cases of childhood leukaemia clusters around NPPs are described and analyzed with special emphasis on the relationship between the environmental exposure to ionizing radiation and the risk of leukaemia. Since, as indicated, a lifetime residency in the proximity of an NPP does not pose any specific health risk to people and the emitted ionizing radiation is too small to cause cancer, a number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the childhood leukaemia clusters. The most likely explanation for the clusters is 'population mixing', i.e., the influx of outside workers to rural regions where nuclear installations are being set up and where local people are not immune to pathogens brought along with the incomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek K Janiak
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology
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223
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EBV, HCMV, HHV6, and HHV7 screening in bone marrow samples from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:548097. [PMID: 25309913 PMCID: PMC4189769 DOI: 10.1155/2014/548097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in childhood worldwide and Mexico has reported one of the highest incidence rates. An infectious etiology has been suggested and supported by epidemiological evidences; however, the identity of the involved agent(s) is not known. We considered that early transmitted lymphotropic herpes viruses were good candidates, since transforming mechanisms have been described for them and some are already associated with human cancers. In this study we interrogated the direct role of EBV, HCMV, HHV6, and HHV7 human herpes viruses in childhood ALL. Viral genomes were screened in 70 bone marrow samples from ALL patients through standard and a more sensitive nested PCR. Positive samples were detected only by nested PCR indicating a low level of infection. Our result argues that viral genomes were not present in all leukemic cells, and, hence, infection most likely was not part of the initial genetic lesions leading to ALL. The high statistical power of the study suggested that these agents are not involved in the genesis of ALL in Mexican children. Additional analysis showed that detected infections or coinfections were not associated with prognosis.
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224
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Laurier D, Grosche B, Auvinen A, Clavel J, Cobaleda C, Dehos A, Hornhardt S, Jacob S, Kaatsch P, Kosti O, Kuehni C, Lightfoot T, Spycher B, Van Nieuwenhuyse A, Wakeford R, Ziegelberger G. Childhood leukaemia risks: from unexplained findings near nuclear installations to recommendations for future research. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2014; 34:R53-R68. [PMID: 24938793 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/34/3/r53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings related to childhood leukaemia incidence near nuclear installations have raised questions which can be answered neither by current knowledge on radiation risk nor by other established risk factors. In 2012, a workshop was organised on this topic with two objectives: (a) review of results and discussion of methodological limitations of studies near nuclear installations; (b) identification of directions for future research into the causes and pathogenesis of childhood leukaemia. The workshop gathered 42 participants from different disciplines, extending widely outside of the radiation protection field. Regarding the proximity of nuclear installations, the need for continuous surveillance of childhood leukaemia incidence was highlighted, including a better characterisation of the local population. The creation of collaborative working groups was recommended for consistency in methodologies and the possibility of combining data for future analyses. Regarding the causes of childhood leukaemia, major fields of research were discussed (environmental risk factors, genetics, infections, immunity, stem cells, experimental research). The need for multidisciplinary collaboration in developing research activities was underlined, including the prevalence of potential predisposition markers and investigating further the infectious aetiology hypothesis. Animal studies and genetic/epigenetic approaches appear of great interest. Routes for future research were pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Laurier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), BP 17, F-92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
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225
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Smolkova B, Dusinska M, Hemminki K. NBN and XRCC3 genetic variants in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Cancer Epidemiol 2014; 38:563-8. [PMID: 25176580 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nibrin and DNA repair protein XRCC3 are involved in DNA double-strand break repair. We genotyped seven tagging SNPs in these genes (rs1805794, rs709816; rs1063054; rs7141928, rs1799794, rs861530, rs861539) with the aim to analyse their association with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), a disease, that is characterised by elevated genetic instability. Study consisted of 460 paediatric ALL cases and 552 healthy controls. For selection of DNA sequence variants we employed SNP-tagging approach, incorporating the HAPMAP CEU reference panel data. We did not find association of analysed and tagged SNPs and derived haplotypes with the ALL risk thus did not confirm the hypothesis that analysed DNA recombination repair variants account for increased susceptibility to ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Smolkova
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory MILK, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway.
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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226
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Musolino C, Allegra A, Minciullo PL, Gangemi S. Allergy and risk of hematologic malignancies: associations and mechanisms. Leuk Res 2014; 38:1137-44. [PMID: 25171954 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that a dysregulated immune system, as the one found in allergic disorders, can affect survival of tumor cells. A possible association between allergies and risk of hematologic malignancies has been examined in several epidemiological studies; however, results were not always consistent. The aim of this review is to report the preclinical and clinical data, which support a correlation between allergy and hematologic neoplasms. Immune system modulation could represent a powerful tool in the prevention and treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery and Oncology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery and Oncology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - P L Minciullo
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital "G. Martino", Messina, Italy
| | - S Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital "G. Martino", Messina, Italy; Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC CNR, Messina Unit, Messina, Italy
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227
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Olinski R, Styczynski J, Olinska E, Gackowski D. Viral infection-oxidative stress/DNA damage-aberrant DNA methylation: separate or interrelated events responsible for genetic instability and childhood ALL development? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:226-31. [PMID: 25003587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disorder that originates in a single B- or T-lymphocyte progenitor and is characterized by a range of numeric and structural chromosomal aberrations. Although, so far no clear cause can be found for ALL the most commonly recognized and strongest causal factor is infection. However, an interesting question is how viral infection may be responsible for genetic changes that lead to lymphoid cell transformation. A plausible mechanism by which infection might impact the process of leukemogenesis via genetic alteration is through: oxidative stress/DNA damage which is closely linked with inflammation, aberrant expression of AID/ABOBEC family enzymes which may be responsible for massive mutation introduction and alteration of DNA methylation, leading to changes in the expression of hematopoietic genes. In this review we propose several specific molecular mechanisms which link infection with all the above-mentioned processes. The most likely event which links common virus infection with ALL pathogenesis is aberrant expression of AID/APOBEC. This event may be directly responsible for the introduction of point mutations (as the result of cytosine or 5-methylcytosine deamination and formation of G:U or G:T misspairs) as well as changes in DNA methylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Olinski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Jan Styczynski
- Department of Paediatrics, Haematology and Oncology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Daniel Gackowski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
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228
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Fairlie I. A hypothesis to explain childhood cancers near nuclear power plants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2014; 133:10-17. [PMID: 24054083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Over 60 epidemiological studies world-wide have examined cancer incidences in children near nuclear power plants (NPPs): most of them indicate leukemia increases. These include the 2008 KiKK study commissioned by the German Government which found relative risks (RR) of 1.6 in total cancers and 2.2 in leukemias among infants living within 5 km of all German NPPs. The KiKK study has retriggered the debate as to the cause(s) of these increased cancers. A suggested hypothesis is that the increased cancers arise from radiation exposures to pregnant women near NPPs. However any theory has to account for the >10,000 fold discrepancy between official dose estimates from NPP emissions and observed increased risks. An explanation may be that doses from spikes in NPP radionuclide emissions are significantly larger than those estimated by official models which are diluted through the use of annual averages. In addition, risks to embryos/fetuses are greater than those to adults and haematopoietic tissues appear more radiosensitive in embryos/fetuses than in newborn babies. The product of possible increased doses and possible increased risks per dose may provide an explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Fairlie
- 115 Riversdale Road, London N5 2SU, United Kingdom.
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229
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Thompson P, Urayama K, Zheng J, Yang P, Ford M, Buffler P, Chokkalingam A, Lightfoot T, Taylor M. Differences in meiotic recombination rates in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia at an MHC class II hotspot close to disease associated haplotypes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100480. [PMID: 24959916 PMCID: PMC4069019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a malignant lymphoid disease of which B-cell precursor- (BCP) and T-cell- (T) ALL are subtypes. The role of alleles encoded by major histocompatibility loci (MHC) have been examined in a number of previous studies and results indicating weak, multi-allele associations between the HLA-DPB1 locus and BCP-ALL suggested a role for immunosusceptibility and possibly infection. Two independent SNP association studies of ALL identified loci approximately 37 kb from one another and flanking a strong meiotic recombination hotspot (DNA3), adjacent to HLA-DOA and centromeric of HLA-DPB1. To determine the relationship between this observation and HLA-DPB1 associations, we constructed high density SNP haplotypes of the 316 kb region from HLA-DMB to COL11A2 in childhood ALL and controls using a UK GWAS data subset and the software PHASE. Of four haplotype blocks identified, predicted haplotypes in Block 1 (centromeric of DNA3) differed significantly between BCP-ALL and controls (P = 0.002) and in Block 4 (including HLA-DPB1) between T-ALL and controls (P = 0.049). Of specific common (>5%) haplotypes in Block 1, two were less frequent in BCP-ALL, and in Block 4 a single haplotype was more frequent in T-ALL, compared to controls. Unexpectedly, we also observed apparent differences in ancestral meiotic recombination rates at DNA3, with BCP-ALL showing increased and T-ALL decreased levels compared to controls. In silico analysis using LDsplit sotware indicated that recombination rates at DNA3 are influenced by flanking loci, including SNPs identified in childhood ALL association studies. The observed differences in rates of meiotic recombination at this hotspot, and potentially others, may be a characteristic of childhood leukemia and contribute to disease susceptibility, alternatively they may reflect interactions between ALL-associated haplotypes in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Thompson
- Paediatric & Familial Cancer Research Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Urayama
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jie Zheng
- School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology, and Research), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Peng Yang
- Data Analytics Department, Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Matt Ford
- Research Computing Services, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Buffler
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Anand Chokkalingam
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | | | - Malcolm Taylor
- Independent Researcher, Handforth, Cheshire, United Kingdom
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230
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Kennedy AE, Kamdar KY, Lupo PJ, Okcu MF, Scheurer ME, Dorak MT. Genetic markers in a multi-ethnic sample for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:169-74. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.910662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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231
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Li C, Liu Y, Wei S, Zhou Y. A meta-analysis of the association between NQO1 C609T variation and acute myeloid leukemia risk. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:771-7. [PMID: 24474393 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) C609T polymorphisms have been implicated in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) risk, but previously published studies are inconsistent and recent meta-analyses have not been adequate. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched. The quality of studies was evaluated by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Crude ORs with 95% CIs were used to assess the strength of association between the NQO1 C609T polymorphisms and AML risk. A total of 14 studies including 2,245 cases and 3,310 controls were involved in this meta-analysis. Overall, significantly elevated AML risk was associated with NQO1 C609T variant genotypes when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis (TT vs. CC: OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.15-1.81; dominant model: OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.09-1.68). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significantly increased risks were found for Asians (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.13-1.93, P = 0.005, I(2) = 48.4%, P = 0.071 for heterogeneity). When stratified by studies of adults or children, statistically significantly elevated risks were found among adults (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.06-1.76, P = 0.017, I(2) = 42.2%, P = 0.097 for heterogeneity). The accumulated evidence indicates that NQO1 C609T seems to confer a risk factor for AML among Asians and adults. Significant between-study heterogeneity was observed, thus more studies based on larger case-control population are required to further evaluate the role of NQO1 C609T polymorphism in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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232
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233
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Farioli A, Legittimo P, Mattioli S, Miligi L, Benvenuti A, Ranucci A, Salvan A, Rondelli R, Conter V, Magnani C. Tobacco smoke and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: findings from the SETIL case–control study. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 25:683-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0371-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Goodman M, LaKind JS, Fagliano JA, Lash TL, Wiemels JL, Winn DM, Patel C, Van Eenwyk J, Kohler BA, Schisterman EF, Albert P, Mattison DR. Cancer cluster investigations: review of the past and proposals for the future. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:1479-99. [PMID: 24477211 PMCID: PMC3945549 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110201479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Residential clusters of non-communicable diseases are a source of enduring public concern, and at times, controversy. Many clusters reported to public health agencies by concerned citizens are accompanied by expectations that investigations will uncover a cause of disease. While goals, methods and conclusions of cluster studies are debated in the scientific literature and popular press, investigations of reported residential clusters rarely provide definitive answers about disease etiology. Further, it is inherently difficult to study a cluster for diseases with complex etiology and long latency (e.g., most cancers). Regardless, cluster investigations remain an important function of local, state and federal public health agencies. Challenges limiting the ability of cluster investigations to uncover causes for disease include the need to consider long latency, low statistical power of most analyses, uncertain definitions of cluster boundaries and population of interest, and in- and out-migration. A multi-disciplinary Workshop was held to discuss innovative and/or under-explored approaches to investigate cancer clusters. Several potentially fruitful paths forward are described, including modern methods of reconstructing residential history, improved approaches to analyzing spatial data, improved utilization of electronic data sources, advances using biomarkers of carcinogenesis, novel concepts for grouping cases, investigations of infectious etiology of cancer, and "omics" approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Goodman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Judy S LaKind
- LaKind Associates, LLC, 106 Oakdale Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228, USA.
| | - Jerald A Fagliano
- Division of Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health, New Jersey Department of Health, P.O. Box 369, Trenton, NJ 08625, USA.
| | - Timothy L Lash
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Joseph L Wiemels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Building, HD 274 1450 3rd Street, San Francisco, MC 0520, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Deborah M Winn
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Chirag Patel
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Juliet Van Eenwyk
- Washington State Department of Health, P.O. Box 47812, Olympia, WA 98504, USA.
| | - Betsy A Kohler
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Enrique F Schisterman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Paul Albert
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Donald R Mattison
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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236
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O’Neill KA, Bunch KJ, Murphy MFG. Intrauterine growth and childhood leukemia and lymphoma risk. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 5:559-76. [DOI: 10.1586/ehm.12.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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237
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Lim JYS, Bhatia S, Robison LL, Yang JJ. Genomics of racial and ethnic disparities in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer 2013; 120:955-62. [PMID: 24382716 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the cure rates of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have improved dramatically in the past 40 years, not all children have benefited equally from this impressive progress. Racial and ethnic disparities in the incidence and treatment outcome of childhood ALL persist, with Hispanic children having an elevated risk of developing ALL and one of the lowest survival rates after ALL therapy. A critical barrier to progress is the lack of an understanding of the causes of ALL disparities, particularly racial and ethnic differences in ALL biology. In this review, the authors summarize the current knowledge on population variation in childhood ALL incidence and treatment outcome, discuss the contributing genetic and nongenetic variables, and highlight possible therapeutic interventions to mitigate disparities in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Yew-Suang Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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238
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Urayama KY, Thompson PD, Taylor M, Trachtenberg EA, Chokkalingam AP. Genetic variation in the extended major histocompatibility complex and susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a review of the evidence. Front Oncol 2013; 3:300. [PMID: 24377085 PMCID: PMC3859964 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The enduring suspicion that infections and immunologic response may play a role in the etiology of childhood leukemia, particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), is now supported, albeit still indirectly, by numerous epidemiological studies. The cumulative evidence includes, for example, descriptive observations of a peculiar peak incidence at age 2–5 years for ALL in economically developed countries, clustering of cases in situations of population mixing associated with unusual patterns of personal contacts, associations with various proxy measures for immune modulatory exposures early in life, and genetic susceptibility conferred by variation in genes involved in the immune system. In this review, our focus is the extended major histocompatibility complex (MHC), an approximately 7.6 Mb region that is well-known for its high-density of expressed genes, extensive polymorphisms exhibiting complex linkage disequilibrium patterns, and its disproportionately large number of immune-related genes, including human leukocyte antigen (HLA). First discovered through the role they play in transplant rejection, the classical HLA class I (HLA-A, -B, and -C) and class II (HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DP) molecules reside at the epicenter of the immune response pathways and are now the targets of many disease susceptibility studies, including those for childhood leukemia. The genes encoding the HLA molecules are only a minority of the over 250 expressed genes in the xMHC, and a growing number of studies are beginning to evaluate other loci through targeted investigations or utilizing a mapping approach with a comprehensive screen of the entire region. Here, we review the current epidemiologic evidence available to date regarding genetic variation contained within this highly unique region of the genome and its relationship with childhood ALL risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Urayama
- School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, CA , USA ; Center for Clinical Epidemiology, St. Luke's Life Science Institute , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Pamela D Thompson
- Cancer Immunogenetics, St. Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
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239
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Alibek K, Mussabekova A, Kakpenova A, Duisembekova A, Baiken Y, Aituov B, Karatayeva N, Zhussupbekova S. Childhood cancers: what is a possible role of infectious agents? Infect Agent Cancer 2013; 8:48. [PMID: 24321500 PMCID: PMC4029297 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-8-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of childhood cancers has been studied for more than 40 years. However, most if not all cancers occurring in children are attributed to unknown causes. This review is focused on the role of infections in cancer development and progression in children. The main infectious agents include human herpesviruses, polyoma viruses, and human papilloma viruses. It is known that infections can lead to carcinogenesis through various mechanisms, and most likely act in addition to genetic and environmental factors. Given the importance of the infectious etiology of childhood cancers, clinical implications and possible prevention strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Alibek
- School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- National Medical Holding, 2 Syganak Street, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Assel Mussabekova
- Nazarbayev University Research and Innovation System, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Ainur Kakpenova
- Nazarbayev University Research and Innovation System, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Assem Duisembekova
- School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Yeldar Baiken
- Nazarbayev University Research and Innovation System, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Bauyrzhan Aituov
- Nazarbayev University Research and Innovation System, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Nargis Karatayeva
- School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Samal Zhussupbekova
- Nazarbayev University Research and Innovation System, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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240
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HLA-B*40 allele plays a role in the development of acute leukemia in Mexican population: a case-control study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:705862. [PMID: 24364037 PMCID: PMC3858009 DOI: 10.1155/2013/705862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Among oncohematological diseases, acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are characterized by the uncontrolled production and accumulation of blasts that can lead to death. Although the physiopathology of these diseases is multifactorial, a genetic factor seems to be at play. Several studies worldwide have shown association of ALL and AML with several alleles of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Objective. To determine gene frequencies of HLA-B alleles in Mexicans (individuals with Native American genetic background admixed with European descent) with ALL and AML. Methods. We compared the HLA-B alleles in 213 patients with ALL and 85 patients with AML to those present in 731 umbilical cord blood (UCB) samples as a control group; this was done by means of the PCR-SSP technique. Results. We found an increased frequency of the HLA-B*40 allele in ALL patients as compared to the control group (14.5% versus 9.84%, P = 0.003, OR = 1.67); this was particularly evident in a subgroup of young (less than 18 years old) ALL patients (P = 0.002, OR = 1.76); likewise, a decreased frequency of HLA-B*40 allele in AML patients was observed as compared to the control group (4.70% versus 9.84%, P = 0.02, OR = 0.42). Conclusions. These results might suggest opposing effects of the HLA-B*40 in the genetic susceptibility to develop ALL or AML and offer the possibility to study further the molecular mechanisms of cell differentiation within the bone marrow lineage.
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241
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Migliorini G, Fiege B, Hosking FJ, Ma Y, Kumar R, Sherborne AL, da Silva Filho MI, Vijayakrishnan J, Koehler R, Thomsen H, Irving JA, Allan JM, Lightfoot T, Roman E, Kinsey SE, Sheridan E, Thompson P, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Mühleisen TW, Eisele L, Zimmermann M, Bartram CR, Schrappe M, Greaves M, Stanulla M, Hemminki K, Houlston RS. Variation at 10p12.2 and 10p14 influences risk of childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and phenotype. Blood 2013; 122:3298-307. [PMID: 23996088 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-03-491316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the major pediatric cancer diagnosed in economically developed countries with B-cell precursor (BCP)-ALL, accounting for approximately 70% of ALL. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have provided the first unambiguous evidence for common inherited susceptibility to BCP-ALL, identifying susceptibility loci at 7p12.2, 9p21.3, 10q21.2, and 14q11.2. To identify additional BCP-ALL susceptibility loci, we conducted a GWAS and performed a meta-analysis with a published GWAS totaling 1658 cases and 4723 controls, with validation in 1449 cases and 1488 controls. Combined analysis identified novel loci mapping to 10p12.2 (rs10828317, odds ratio [OR] = 1.23; P = 2.30 × 10(-9)) and 10p14 marked by rs3824662 (OR = 1.31; P = 8.62 × 10(-12)). The single nucleotide polymorphism rs10828317 is responsible for the N215S polymorphism in exon 7 of PIP4K2A, and rs3824662 localizes to intron 3 of the transcription factor and putative tumor suppressor gene GATA3. The rs10828317 association was shown to be specifically associated with hyperdiploid ALL, whereas the rs3824662-associated risk was confined to nonhyperdiploid non-TEL-AML1 + ALL. The risk allele of rs3824662 was correlated with older age at diagnosis (P < .001) and significantly worse event-free survivorship (P < .0001). These findings provide further insights into the genetic and biological basis of inherited genetic susceptibility to BCP-ALL and the influence of constitutional genotype on disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Migliorini
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Linka Y, Ginzel S, Krüger M, Novosel A, Gombert M, Kremmer E, Harbott J, Thiele R, Borkhardt A, Landgraf P. The impact of TEL-AML1 (ETV6-RUNX1) expression in precursor B cells and implications for leukaemia using three different genome-wide screening methods. Blood Cancer J 2013; 3:e151. [PMID: 24121163 PMCID: PMC3816209 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2013.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The reciprocal translocation t(12;21)(p13;q22), the most common structural genomic alteration in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children, results in a chimeric transcription factor TEL-AML1 (ETV6-RUNX1). We identified directly and indirectly regulated target genes utilizing an inducible TEL-AML1 system derived from the murine pro B-cell line BA/F3 and a monoclonal antibody directed against TEL-AML1. By integration of promoter binding identified with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-on-chip, gene expression and protein output through microarray technology and stable labelling of amino acids in cell culture, we identified 217 directly and 118 indirectly regulated targets of the TEL-AML1 fusion protein. Directly, but not indirectly, regulated promoters were enriched in AML1-binding sites. The majority of promoter regions were specific for the fusion protein and not bound by native AML1 or TEL. Comparison with gene expression profiles from TEL-AML1-positive patients identified 56 concordantly misregulated genes with negative effects on proliferation and cellular transport mechanisms and positive effects on cellular migration, and stress responses including immunological responses. In summary, this work for the first time gives a comprehensive insight into how TEL-AML1 expression may directly and indirectly contribute to alter cells to become prone for leukemic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Linka
- Heinrich-Heine University of Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Clinic for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Dusseldorf, Germany
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243
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TLR stimulation of bone marrow lymphoid precursors from childhood acute leukemia modifies their differentiation potentials. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:846724. [PMID: 24106720 PMCID: PMC3782811 DOI: 10.1155/2013/846724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute leukemias are the most frequent childhood malignancies worldwide and remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality of relapsed patients. While remarkable progress has been made in characterizing genetic aberrations that may control these hematological disorders, it has also become clear that abnormalities in the bone marrow microenvironment might hit precursor cells and contribute to disease. However, responses of leukemic precursor cells to inflammatory conditions or microbial components upon infection are yet unexplored. Our previous work and increasing evidence indicate that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the earliest stages of lymphoid development in mice and humans provide an important mechanism for producing cells of the innate immune system. Using highly controlled co-culture systems, we now show that lymphoid precursors from leukemic bone marrow express TLRs and respond to their ligation by changing cell differentiation patterns. While no apparent contribution of TLR signals to tumor progression was recorded for any of the investigated diseases, the replenishment of innate cells was consistently promoted upon in vitro TLR exposure, suggesting that early recognition of pathogen-associated molecules might be implicated in the regulation of hematopoietic cell fate decisions in childhood acute leukemia.
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244
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Morales-Sánchez A, Bernáldez-Ríos R, Alvarez-Rodríguez FJ, Bekker-Méndez VC, Fajardo-Gutiérrez A, de Diego Flores-Chapa J, Flores-Lujano J, Jiménez-Hernández E, Peñaloza-González JG, Del Carmen Rodríguez-Zepeda M, Torres-Nava JR, Velázquez-Aviña MM, Amador-Sánchez R, Alvarado-Ibarra M, Reyes-Zepeda N, Espinosa-Elizondo RM, Fuentes-Pananá EM, Mejía-Aranguré JM. Lack of evidence for human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and mouse mammary tumor-like virus involvement in the genesis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:2130-3. [PMID: 24019395 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Mexico City, the incidence of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the highest in the world; epidemiologic evidence suggests that infectious agents could be involved in the genesis of this disease. Early transmitted oncogenic retroviruses infecting lymphocytes are important candidates. METHODS PCR-based assays were used to screen viral genomic sequences of human T-cell lymphotrophic virus, type 1 (HTLV1) and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-like virus (MMTV-LV) in leukemic cells from 67 pediatric patients with ALL. RESULTS Viral genomic sequences were not detected in any sample by neither standard nor nested PCR. CONCLUSIONS Because of the methodologic strictness and high statistical power of the study, these results suggest that HTLV1 and MMTV-LV are not involved in the genesis of childhood ALL in Mexican children. IMPACT To our knowledge, this is the first work exploring the direct participation of HTLV1 and MMTV-LV retroviruses in childhood ALL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Morales-Sánchez
- Authors' Affiliations: Units of Medical Research in Clinical Epidemiology and Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Pediatric Hospital, National Medical Center XXI Century, Mexican Institute of Social Security; Medicine Faculty, National Autonomous University of Mexico; and Mexican Inter-institutional Group for the Identification of the Causes of Childhood Leukaemia (MIGICCL), Mexico City, Mexico
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245
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Xia J, Wang Y, Zhang H, Hu Y. Association betweenMTR A2756Gpolymorphism and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a meta-analysis. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 55:1388-93. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.830304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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246
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Du J, Lu C, Cui G, Chen Y, He J. DNA repair gene XRCC1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a meta-analysis. Chin J Cancer Res 2013; 25:405-15. [PMID: 23997527 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2013.08.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) and the susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS Relevant case-control studies were enrolled in the meta-analysis. We applied Rev Man 4.2 software to pool raw data and test studies' heterogeneity and to calculate the incorporated odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS Our data showed that the OR for the Gln allele of the Arg399Gln polymorphism, compared with the Arg allele, was 1.35 (95% CI, 1.16-1.57; P<0.0001) for childhood ALL patients. Similarly, the homozygous genotype Gln/Gln and heterozygous genotype Arg/Gln both significantly increased the risk of childhood ALL compared with the wild genotype Arg/Arg (OR =1.58; 95% CI, 1.13-2.21; P=0.008; OR =1.51; 95% CI, 1.21-1.87; P=0.0002). The dominant model of Arg399Gln was associated with childhood ALL risk (OR =1.54; 95% CI, 1.25-1.89; P<0.0001). The ethnic subgroup analysis demonstrated that the Gln allele in all five ethnic groups was prone to be a risk factor for childhood ALL just with different degrees of correlation while Arg194Trp SNP showed a protective or risk factor or irrelevant thing in different races. CONCLUSIONS XRCC1 399 polymorphism may increase the risk of childhood ALL. Different ethnic groups with some gene polymorphism have different disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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247
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ARID5B gene rs10821936 polymorphism is associated with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a meta-analysis based on 39,116 subjects. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:709-13. [PMID: 23975371 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among children. Two recent genome-wide association studies and several replicated studies have provided convincing evidence that inherited genetic variation in ARID5B contributes to childhood ALL predisposition. In the present study, we performed a meta-analysis to systematically summarize the association between ARID5B genetic polymorphism and the risk for ALL. We conducted a search of case-control studies on the association of ARID5B genetic polymorphisms with susceptibility to ALL in PubMed, EMBASE, Wanfang database in China, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Data from eligible studies were extracted for meta-analysis. ALL risk associated with ARID5B genetic polymorphism was estimated by pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Nine articles including 13 case-control studies were included in the present meta-analysis. We found that rs10821936 polymorphism in ARID5B gene was associated with increased risk for ALL (P < 0.0001; OR = 1.27; 95%CI, 1.17-1.37). This meta-analysis suggests that ARID5B genetic polymorphism was associated with the increased risk of ALL.
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248
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Urayama KY, Chokkalingam AP, Metayer C, Hansen H, May S, Ramsay P, Wiemels JL, Wiencke JK, Trachtenberg E, Thompson P, Ishida Y, Brennan P, Jolly KW, Termuhlen AM, Taylor M, Barcellos LF, Buffler PA. SNP association mapping across the extended major histocompatibility complex and risk of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72557. [PMID: 23991122 PMCID: PMC3749982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The extended major histocompatibility complex (xMHC) is the most gene-dense region of the genome and harbors a disproportionately large number of genes involved in immune function. The postulated role of infection in the causation of childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) suggests that the xMHC may make an important contribution to the risk of this disease. We conducted association mapping across an approximately 4 megabase region of the xMHC using a validated panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in childhood BCP-ALL cases (n=567) enrolled in the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study (NCCLS) compared with population controls (n=892). Logistic regression analyses of 1,145 SNPs, adjusted for age, sex, and Hispanic ethnicity indicated potential associations between several SNPs and childhood BCP-ALL. After accounting for multiple comparisons, one of these included a statistically significant increased risk associated with rs9296068 (OR=1.40, 95% CI=1.19-1.66, corrected p=0.036), located in proximity to HLA-DOA. Sliding window haplotype analysis identified an additional locus located in the extended class I region in proximity to TRIM27 tagged by a haplotype comprising rs1237485, rs3118361, and rs2032502 (corrected global p=0.046). Our findings suggest that susceptibility to childhood BCP-ALL is influenced by genetic variation within the xMHC and indicate at least two important regions for future evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Urayama
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
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Abstract
The SH2B adaptor protein 3 (SH2B3) gene encodes a negative regulator of cytokine signaling with a critical role in the homeostasis of hematopoietic stem cells and lymphoid progenitors. Here, we report the identification of germline homozygous SH2B3 mutations in 2 siblings affected with developmental delay and autoimmunity, one in whom B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) developed. Mechanistically, loss of SH2B3 increases Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling, promotes lymphoid cell proliferation, and accelerates leukemia development in a mouse model of NOTCH1-induced ALL. Moreover, extended mutation analysis showed homozygous somatic mutations in SH2B3 in 2 of 167 ALLs analyzed. Overall, these results demonstrate a Knudson tumor suppressor role for SH2B3 in the pathogenesis of ALL and highlight a possible link between genetic predisposition factors in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and leukemogenesis.
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250
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Parodi S, Crosignani P, Miligi L, Nanni O, Ramazzotti V, Rodella S, Costantini AS, Tumino R, Vindigni C, Vineis P, Stagnaro E. Childhood infectious diseases and risk of leukaemia in an adult population. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:1892-9. [PMID: 23575988 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Our study is aimed at investigating the association between common childhood infectious diseases (measles, chickenpox, rubella, mumps and pertussis) and the risk of developing leukaemia in an adult population. A reanalysis of a large population-based case-control study was carried out. Original data included 1,771 controls and 649 leukaemia cases from 11 Italian areas. To contain recall bias, the analysis was restricted to subjects directly interviewed and with a good quality interview (1,165 controls and 312 cases). Odds ratios (ORs) and their related 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated by unconditional polychotomous logistic regression model adjusting for age, gender and occupational and lifestyle exposures. A protective effect of at least one infection (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45-0.97), measles (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.39-0.82) and pertussis (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45-0.98) was observed for chronic lymphoid leukaemia (CLL). The number of infections was strongly inversely associated with the risk of CLL (p = 0.002, test for trend). With regard to the other types of leukaemia, only a protective effect of pertussis was observed for AML (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.32-0.87). Our results pointed out a protective role of childhood infectious diseases on the risk of CLL in adults. Although a specific antioncogenic effect of some infectious disease, especially measles, cannot be ruled out, the observed decrease of risk with increasing number of infections suggests that a more general "hygiene hypothesis" could be the most likely explanation of the detected association. The protective role of pertussis remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Parodi
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
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