201
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Huang B, Song BL, Xu C. Cholesterol metabolism in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Metab 2020; 2:132-141. [PMID: 32694690 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism produces essential membrane components as well as metabolites with a variety of biological functions. In the tumour microenvironment, cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic cues reprogram cholesterol metabolism and consequently promote tumourigenesis. Cholesterol-derived metabolites play complex roles in supporting cancer progression and suppressing immune responses. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that manipulating cholesterol metabolism inhibits tumour growth, reshapes the immunological landscape and reinvigorates anti-tumour immunity. Here, we review cholesterol metabolism in cancer cells, its role in cancer progression and the mechanisms through which cholesterol metabolites affect immune cells in the tumour microenvironment. We also discuss therapeutic strategies aimed at interfering with cholesterol metabolism, and how the combination of such approaches with existing anti-cancer therapies can have synergistic effects, thus offering new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binlu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Science Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Science Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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202
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Cholesterol and beyond - The role of the mevalonate pathway in cancer biology. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188351. [PMID: 32007596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifaceted global disease. Transformation of a normal to a malignant cell takes several steps, including somatic mutations, epigenetic alterations, metabolic reprogramming and loss of cell growth control. Recently, the mevalonate pathway has emerged as a crucial regulator of tumor biology and a potential therapeutic target. This pathway controls cholesterol production and posttranslational modifications of Rho-GTPases, both of which are linked to several key steps of tumor progression. Inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway induce pleiotropic antitumor-effects in several human malignancies, identifying the pathway as an attractive candidate for novel therapies. In this review, we will provide an overview about the role and regulation of the mevalonate pathway in certain aspects of cancer initiation and progression and its potential for therapeutic intervention in oncology.
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203
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Shen Z, Jiao K, Teng M, Li Z. Activation of STAT-3 signalling by RECK downregulation via ROS is involved in the 27-hydroxycholesterol-induced invasion in breast cancer cells. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:126-136. [PMID: 31933392 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1715965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is an important and common tumour among women worldwide. We previously showed that 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC) promoted the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells and activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3) signalling through reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the regulation of STAT-3 signalling by ROS needs to be further explored. Here, we showed that 27HC caused the accumulation of cellular ROS, which upregulated matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and increased the invasive ability of MCF7 and T47D cells. 27HC decreased the protein and mRNA levels of reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) in a time- and dose-dependent manner in MCF7 and T47D cells. RECK downregulation was mediated by 27HC-induced DNA methylation via ROS in MCF7 cells. RECK knockdown increased the activity and mRNA levels of MMP9, and promoted the invasion of MCF7 cells. We also found RECK knockdown upregulated the level of p-STAT-3 in MCF7 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of RECK attenuated 27HC-induced invasion in MCF7 cells. RECK overexpression also inhibited p-STAT-3 upregulation induced by 27HC. Collectively, the results showed that DNA methylation induced by 27HC via ROS downregulated RECK, thereby activating the STAT-3 signalling pathway. RECK could serve as a novel target mediating the effect of 27HC on breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Shen
- Department of Child Health, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kailin Jiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengying Teng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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204
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Wang D, Huang J, Gui T, Yang Y, Feng T, Tzvetkov NT, Xu T, Gai Z, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Atanasov AG. SR-BI as a target of natural products and its significance in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:18-38. [PMID: 31935456 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) protein is an integral membrane glycoprotein. SR-BI is emerging as a multifunctional protein, which regulates autophagy, efferocytosis, cell survival and inflammation. It is well known that SR-BI plays a critical role in lipoprotein metabolism by mediating cholesteryl esters selective uptake and the bi-directional flux of free cholesterol. Recently, SR-BI has also been identified as a potential marker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, or even a treatment target. Natural products are a promising source for the discovery of new drug leads. Multiple natural products were identified to regulate SR-BI protein expression. There are still a number of challenges in modulating SR-BI expression in cancer and in using natural products for modulation of such protein expression. In this review, our purpose is to discuss the relationship between SR-BI protein and cancer, and the molecular mechanisms regulating SR-BI expression, as well as to provide an overview of natural products that regulate SR-BI expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Jie 32, 550003, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiansheng Huang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 318 Preston Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
| | - Ting Gui
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Yaxin Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Jie 32, 550003, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaxi university town, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 21 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tao Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Jie 32, 550003, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaxi university town, 550025, Guiyang, China.
| | - Jingjie Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Jie 32, 550003, Guiyang, China.
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552, Jastrzębiec, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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205
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Snaebjornsson MT, Janaki-Raman S, Schulze A. Greasing the Wheels of the Cancer Machine: The Role of Lipid Metabolism in Cancer. Cell Metab 2020; 31:62-76. [PMID: 31813823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Altered lipid metabolism is among the most prominent metabolic alterations in cancer. Enhanced synthesis or uptake of lipids contributes to rapid cancer cell growth and tumor formation. Lipids are a highly complex group of biomolecules that not only constitute the structural basis of biological membranes but also function as signaling molecules and an energy source. Here, we summarize recent evidence implicating altered lipid metabolism in different aspects of the cancer phenotype and discuss potential strategies by which targeting lipid metabolism could provide a therapeutic window for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marteinn Thor Snaebjornsson
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sudha Janaki-Raman
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Almut Schulze
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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206
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O'Sullivan D, Sanin DE, Pearce EJ, Pearce EL. Metabolic interventions in the immune response to cancer. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 19:324-335. [PMID: 30820043 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
At the centre of the therapeutic dilemma posed by cancer is the question of how to develop more effective treatments that discriminate between normal and cancerous tissues. Decades of research have shown us that universally applicable principles are rare, but two well-accepted concepts have emerged: first, that malignant transformation goes hand in hand with distinct changes in cellular metabolism; second, that the immune system is critical for tumour control and clearance. Unifying our understanding of tumour metabolism with immune cell function may prove to be a powerful approach in the development of more effective cancer therapies. Here, we explore how nutrient availability in the tumour microenvironment shapes immune responses and identify areas of intervention to modulate the metabolic constraints placed on immune cells in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O'Sullivan
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - David E Sanin
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany. .,University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.
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207
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ER-Negative Breast Cancer Is Highly Responsive to Cholesterol Metabolite Signalling. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112618. [PMID: 31683867 PMCID: PMC6893441 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interventions that alter cholesterol have differential impacts on hormone receptor positive- and negative-breast cancer risk and prognosis. This implies differential regulation or response to cholesterol within different breast cancer subtypes. We evaluated differences in side-chain hydroxycholesterol and liver X nuclear receptor signalling between Oestrogen Receptor (ER)-positive and ER-negative breast cancers and cell lines. Cell line models of ER-positive and ER-negative disease were treated with Liver X Receptor (LXR) ligands and transcriptional activity assessed using luciferase reporters, qPCR and MTT. Publicly available datasets were mined to identify differences between ER-negative and ER-positive tumours and siRNA was used to suppress candidate regulators. Compared to ER-positive breast cancer, ER-negative breast cancer cells were highly responsive to LXR agonists. In primary disease and cell lines LXRA expression was strongly correlated with its target genes in ER-negative but not ER-positive disease. Expression of LXR’s corepressors (NCOR1, NCOR2 and LCOR) was significantly higher in ER-positive disease relative to ER-negative, and their knock-down equalized sensitivity to ligand between subtypes in reporter, gene expression and viability assays. Our data support further evaluation of dietary and pharmacological targeting of cholesterol metabolism as an adjunct to existing therapies for ER-negative and ER-positive breast cancer patients.
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208
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Poirot M, Silvente-Poirot S. Oxysterols: An expanding family of structurally diversified bioactive steroids. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 194:105443. [PMID: 31376459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR 1037 INSERM-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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209
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Cai D, Wang J, Gao B, Li J, Wu F, Zou JX, Xu J, Jiang Y, Zou H, Huang Z, Borowsky AD, Bold RJ, Lara PN, Li JJ, Chen X, Lam KS, To KF, Kung HJ, Fiehn O, Zhao R, Evans RM, Chen HW. RORγ is a targetable master regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis in a cancer subtype. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4621. [PMID: 31604910 PMCID: PMC6789042 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor subtype-specific metabolic reprogrammers could serve as targets of therapeutic intervention. Here we show that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibits a hyper-activated cholesterol-biosynthesis program that is strongly linked to nuclear receptor RORγ, compared to estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of RORγ reduces tumor cholesterol content and synthesis rate while preserving host cholesterol homeostasis. We demonstrate that RORγ functions as an essential activator of the entire cholesterol-biosynthesis program, dominating SREBP2 via its binding to cholesterol-biosynthesis genes and its facilitation of the recruitment of SREBP2. RORγ inhibition disrupts its association with SREBP2 and reduces chromatin acetylation at cholesterol-biosynthesis gene loci. RORγ antagonists cause tumor regression in patient-derived xenografts and immune-intact models. Their combination with cholesterol-lowering statins elicits superior anti-tumor synergy selectively in TNBC. Together, our study uncovers a master regulator of the cholesterol-biosynthesis program and an attractive target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demin Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Junjian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Bei Gao
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - June X Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jianzhen Xu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Hongye Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Zenghong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Richard J Bold
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Primo N Lara
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jian Jian Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kit S Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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210
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Duan J, Wang H, Zhang Y, Qiao K, Wang J. Cholesterol depletion sensitizes gallbladder cancer to cisplatin by impairing DNA damage response. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:3337-3350. [PMID: 31599189 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1676581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the common malignancy of the bile tract system with extremely poor clinical outcomes, owing to its metastatic property and intrinsic resistance to the first-line drugs. Although it is well-established that cholesterol abnormity contributes to gallstone formation, a leading risk factor for GBC, the link of cholesterol homeostasis with GBC has not been investigated. The present study systematically examined the genes implicated in cholesterol homeostasis, and revealed altered gene expressions of de novo cholesterol biosynthesis and sterol sulfonation (SULT2B1), reduced bile acid synthesis (CYP7B1 and CYP39A1) and impaired sterol efflux (ABCA1, ABCG5, LCAT, and CETP) in GBC tissues. Suppression of cholesterol biosynthesis by lovastatin inhibited GBC cell proliferation possibly through attenuating the DNA repair process. Further investigation revealed lovastatin sensitized GBC cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis and suppressed the activation of CHK1, CHK2, and H2AX during DNA damage response. By using chemically distinct statins, HMGCR depletion or supplementing mevalonate, the product of HMGCR, we showed the inhibitory effects on DNA repair process of lovastatin were due to the blockage of the mevalonate pathway. Subcutaneous xenograft mice model suggested lovastatin promoted the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin, and significantly prolonged the survival times of tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, HMGCR ablation repressed tumor growth in vivo, which can be rescued partially by restored expression of HMGCR, suggesting the on-target effects of lovastatin. Therefore, our study provides the clinical relevance of cholesterol homeostasis with GBC progression, and highlights a novel intervention of combined use of lovastatin and cisplatin for GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglong Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinlin Duan
- Department of Pathology Affiliated Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE & MOH), Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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211
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Riscal R, Skuli N, Simon MC. Even Cancer Cells Watch Their Cholesterol! Mol Cell 2019; 76:220-231. [PMID: 31586545 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deregulated cell proliferation is an established feature of cancer, and altered tumor metabolism has witnessed renewed interest over the past decade, including the study of how cancer cells rewire metabolic pathways to renew energy sources and "building blocks" that sustain cell division. Microenvironmental oxygen, glucose, and glutamine are regarded as principal nutrients fueling tumor growth. However, hostile tumor microenvironments render O2/nutrient supplies chronically insufficient for increased proliferation rates, forcing cancer cells to develop strategies for opportunistic modes of nutrient acquisition. Recent work shows that cancer cells overcome this nutrient scarcity by scavenging other substrates, such as proteins and lipids, or utilizing adaptive metabolic pathways. As such, reprogramming lipid metabolism plays important roles in providing energy, macromolecules for membrane synthesis, and lipid-mediated signaling during cancer progression. In this review, we highlight more recently appreciated roles for lipids, particularly cholesterol and its derivatives, in cancer cell metabolism within intrinsically harsh tumor microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Riscal
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicolas Skuli
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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212
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Shi SZ, Lee EJ, Lin YJ, Chen L, Zheng HY, He XQ, Peng JY, Noonepalle SK, Shull AY, Pei FC, Deng LB, Tian XL, Deng KY, Shi H, Xin HB. Recruitment of monocytes and epigenetic silencing of intratumoral CYP7B1 primarily contribute to the accumulation of 27-hydroxycholesterol in breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2194-2208. [PMID: 31720082 PMCID: PMC6834472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that intratumoral 27-Hydroxycholesterol (27-HC), a metabolite of cholesterol, promotes growth, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells and that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in breast cancers are closely related to tumor growth and metastatic progression. However, the relationship between 27-HC and TAMs in breast cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we observed that CYP27A1, the 27-HC synthesizing enzyme, was expressed in a much higher level in THP1 monocytes and THP1-derived macrophages than in breast cancer cells, and the promoter of CYP7B1, the degrading enzyme for 27-HC, was highly methylated in breast tumor cells. In addition, THP-1 monocytes and murine bone marrow cells were differentiated toward M2 type macrophages after being co-cultured with breast cancer cells or being exposed to exosomes derived from breast cancer cells. M2 type macrophages produced higher amounts of 27-HC than M0 and M1 type macrophages. 27-HC not only stimulated ER+ cancer cell proliferation as reported, but also promoted the recruitment of CCR2- and CCR5-expressing monocytes by inducing macrophages to express multiple chemokines including CCL2, CCL3 and CCL4. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the hypermethylation of CYP7B1 and recruitment of monocytes likely contribute to the accumulation of 27-Hydroxycholesterol in breast cancer and that the interaction of 27-HC with macrophages further promote the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Zhen Shi
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang UniversityNanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Life Science, Nanchang UniversityNanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Eun-Joon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityAugusta, Georgia
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityAugusta, Georgia
| | - Ying-Jiong Lin
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang UniversityNanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lu Chen
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang UniversityNanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huai-Yu Zheng
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang UniversityNanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiang-Qin He
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang UniversityNanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Life Science, Nanchang UniversityNanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing-Yi Peng
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang UniversityNanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Satish K Noonepalle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityAugusta, Georgia
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityAugusta, Georgia
| | - Austin Y Shull
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityAugusta, Georgia
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityAugusta, Georgia
| | - Felix C Pei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityAugusta, Georgia
| | - Li-Bin Deng
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang UniversityNanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Li Tian
- College of Life Science, Nanchang UniversityNanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ke-Yu Deng
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang UniversityNanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huidong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityAugusta, Georgia
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityAugusta, Georgia
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang UniversityNanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Life Science, Nanchang UniversityNanchang, Jiangxi, China
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213
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Loera-Valencia R, Cedazo-Minguez A, Kenigsberg PA, Page G, Duarte AI, Giusti P, Zusso M, Robert P, Frisoni GB, Cattaneo A, Zille M, Boltze J, Cartier N, Buee L, Johansson G, Winblad B. Current and emerging avenues for Alzheimer's disease drug targets. J Intern Med 2019; 286:398-437. [PMID: 31286586 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most frequent cause of dementia, is escalating as a global epidemic, and so far, there is neither cure nor treatment to alter its progression. The most important feature of the disease is neuronal death and loss of cognitive functions, caused probably from several pathological processes in the brain. The main neuropathological features of AD are widely described as amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of the aggregated protein tau, which contribute to the disease. Nevertheless, AD brains suffer from a variety of alterations in function, such as energy metabolism, inflammation and synaptic activity. The latest decades have seen an explosion of genes and molecules that can be employed as targets aiming to improve brain physiology, which can result in preventive strategies for AD. Moreover, therapeutics using these targets can help AD brains to sustain function during the development of AD pathology. Here, we review broadly recent information for potential targets that can modify AD through diverse pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches including gene therapy. We propose that AD could be tackled not only using combination therapies including Aβ and tau, but also considering insulin and cholesterol metabolism, vascular function, synaptic plasticity, epigenetics, neurovascular junction and blood-brain barrier targets that have been studied recently. We also make a case for the role of gut microbiota in AD. Our hope is to promote the continuing research of diverse targets affecting AD and promote diverse targeting as a near-future strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Loera-Valencia
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - A Cedazo-Minguez
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - G Page
- Neurovascular Unit and Cognitive impairments - EA3808, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - A I Duarte
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Giusti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Zusso
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - P Robert
- CoBTeK - lab, CHU Nice University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - G B Frisoni
- University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Cattaneo
- University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Zille
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Lübeck, Germany
| | - J Boltze
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - N Cartier
- Preclinical research platform, INSERM U1169/MIRCen Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, Fontenay aux Roses, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - L Buee
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, CHU-Lille, Inserm, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - G Johansson
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - B Winblad
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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214
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Solheim S, Hutchinson SA, Lundanes E, Wilson SR, Thorne JL, Roberg-Larsen H. Fast liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry reveals side chain oxysterol heterogeneity in breast cancer tumour samples. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 192:105309. [PMID: 30779932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterols can contribute to proliferation of breast cancer through activation of the Estrogen Receptors, and to metastasis through activation of the Liver X Receptors. Endogenous levels of both esterified and free sidechain-hydroxylated oxysterols were examined in breast cancer tumours from Estrogen Receptor positive and negative breast tumours, using a novel fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Multiple aliquots of five milligram samples of 22 tumours were analysed for oxysterol content to assess intra- and inter-tumour variation. Derivatization was performed with Girard T reagent (with and without alkaline hydrolysis) and sample clean-up was performed using a robust automatic on-line column switching system ("AFFL"). Oxysterols were separated isocratically on a 2.1 mm inner diameter column packed with ACE SuperPhenylHexyl core shell particles using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in H2O/methanol/acetonitrile (57/10/33, v/v/v) followed by a wash out step (0.1% formic acid in methanol/acetonitrile, 50/50, v/v). The total analysis time, including sample clean-up and column reconditioning, was 8 min (80% time reduction compared to other on-line systems). Analysis revealed large intra-tumour variations of sidechain oxysterols, resulting in no significant differences in endogenous oxysterols levels between Estrogen Receptor positive and Estrogen Receptor negative breast cancers. However, a correlation between esterified and free 27-hydroxycholesterol was observed. The same correlation was not observed for 24S-hydroxycholesterol or 25-hydroxycholesterol. The oxysterol heterogeneity of tumour tissue is a critical factor when assessing the role of these lipids in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - James L Thorne
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, United Kingdom.
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215
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Chen Z, Li Z, Li H, Jiang Y. Metabolomics: a promising diagnostic and therapeutic implement for breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6797-6811. [PMID: 31686838 PMCID: PMC6709037 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s215628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women and the leading cause of cancer death. Despite the advent of numerous diagnosis and treatment methods in recent years, this heterogeneous disease still presents great challenges in early diagnosis, curative treatments and prognosis monitoring. Thus, finding promising early diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets and approaches is meaningful. Metabolomics, which focuses on the analysis of metabolites that change during metabolism, can reveal even a subtle abnormal change in an individual. In recent decades, the exploration of cancer-related metabolomics has increased. Metabolites can be promising biomarkers for the screening, response evaluation and prognosis of BC. In this review, we summarized the workflow of metabolomics, described metabolite signatures based on molecular subtype as well as reclassification and then discussed the application of metabolomics in the early diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of BC to offer new insights for clinicians in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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216
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Zhao Y, Li J, Li D, Wang Z, Zhao J, Wu X, Sun Q, Lin PP, Plum P, Damanakis A, Gebauer F, Zhou M, Zhang Z, Schlösser H, Jauch KW, Nelson PJ, Bruns CJ. Tumor biology and multidisciplinary strategies of oligometastasis in gastrointestinal cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 60:334-343. [PMID: 31445220 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
More than 70% of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are diagnosed with metastases, leading to poor prognosis. For some cancer patients with limited sites of metastatic tumors, the term oligometastatic disease (OMD) has been coined as opposed to systemic polymetastasis (PMD) disease. Stephan Paget first described an organ-specific pattern of metastasis in 1889, now known as the "seed and soil" theory where distinct cancer types are found to metastasize to different tumor-specific sites. Our understanding of the biology of tumor metastasis and specifically the molecular mechanisms driving their formation are still limited, in particular, as it relates to the genesis of oligometastasis. In the following review, we discuss recent advances in general understanding of this metastatic behavior including the role of specific signaling pathways, various molecular features and biomarkers, as well as the interaction of carcinoma cells with their tissue microenvironments (both primary and metastatic niches). The unique features that underlie OMD provide potential targets for localized therapy. As it relates to clinical practice, OMD is emerging as treatable with surgical resection and/or other local therapy options. Strategies currently being applied in the clinical management of OMD will be discussed including surgical, radiation-based therapy, ablation procedures, and the results of emerging clinical trials involving immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral und Tumor Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany; Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of General, Visceral und Tumor Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dai Li
- Department of General, Visceral und Tumor Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany; Department of Anethesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhefang Wang
- Department of General, Visceral und Tumor Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jiangang Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral und Tumor Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany; Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Department of General, Visceral und Tumor Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Qiye Sun
- Department of General, Visceral und Tumor Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Patrick Plum
- Department of General, Visceral und Tumor Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany; Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Damanakis
- Department of General, Visceral und Tumor Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Gebauer
- Department of General, Visceral und Tumor Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Menglong Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hans Schlösser
- Department of General, Visceral und Tumor Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Achen, Bonn, Cologne and Düsseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karl-Walter Jauch
- Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J Nelson
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane J Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral und Tumor Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Achen, Bonn, Cologne and Düsseldorf, Cologne, Germany.
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217
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Sethunath V, Hu H, De Angelis C, Veeraraghavan J, Qin L, Wang N, Simon LM, Wang T, Fu X, Nardone A, Pereira R, Nanda S, Griffith OL, Tsimelzon A, Shaw C, Chamness GC, Reis-Filho JS, Weigelt B, Heiser LM, Hilsenbeck SG, Huang S, Rimawi MF, Gray JW, Osborne CK, Schiff R. Targeting the Mevalonate Pathway to Overcome Acquired Anti-HER2 Treatment Resistance in Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2318-2330. [PMID: 31420371 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite effective strategies, resistance in HER2+ breast cancer remains a challenge. While the mevalonate pathway (MVA) is suggested to promote cell growth and survival, including in HER2+ models, its potential role in resistance to HER2-targeted therapy is unknown. Parental HER2+ breast cancer cells and their lapatinib-resistant and lapatinib + trastuzumab-resistant derivatives were used for this study. MVA activity was found to be increased in lapatinib-resistant and lapatinib + trastuzumab-resistant cells. Specific blockade of this pathway with lipophilic but not hydrophilic statins and with the N-bisphosphonate zoledronic acid led to apoptosis and substantial growth inhibition of R cells. Inhibition was rescued by mevalonate or the intermediate metabolites farnesyl pyrophosphate or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, but not cholesterol. Activated Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and mTORC1 signaling, and their downstream target gene product Survivin, were inhibited by MVA blockade, especially in the lapatinib-resistant/lapatinib + trastuzumab-resistant models. Overexpression of constitutively active YAP rescued Survivin and phosphorylated-S6 levels, despite blockade of the MVA. These results suggest that the MVA provides alternative signaling leading to cell survival and resistance by activating YAP/TAZ-mTORC1-Survivin signaling when HER2 is blocked, suggesting novel therapeutic targets. MVA inhibitors including lipophilic statins and N-bisphosphonates may circumvent resistance to anti-HER2 therapy warranting further clinical investigation. IMPLICATIONS: The MVA was found to constitute an escape mechanism of survival and growth in HER2+ breast cancer models resistant to anti-HER2 therapies. MVA inhibitors such as simvastatin and zoledronic acid are potential therapeutic agents to resensitize the tumors that depend on the MVA to progress on anti-HER2 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyalakshmi Sethunath
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Huizhong Hu
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Carmine De Angelis
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jamunarani Veeraraghavan
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lanfang Qin
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nicholas Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lukas M Simon
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tao Wang
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoyong Fu
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Agostina Nardone
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Resel Pereira
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarmistha Nanda
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Obi L Griffith
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Anna Tsimelzon
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Chad Shaw
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Gary C Chamness
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Laura M Heiser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Portland, Oregon
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mothaffar F Rimawi
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Joe W Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Portland, Oregon
| | - C Kent Osborne
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rachel Schiff
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. .,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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218
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Phytosterols Inhibit Side-Chain Oxysterol Mediated Activation of LXR in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133241. [PMID: 31269628 PMCID: PMC6651815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Low fruit and vegetable consumption and high saturated fat consumption causes elevated circulating cholesterol and are breast cancer risk factors. During cholesterol metabolism, oxysterols form that bind and activate the liver X receptors (LXRs). Oxysterols halt breast cancer cell proliferation but enhance metastatic colonization, indicating tumour suppressing and promoting roles. Phytosterols and phytostanols in plants, like cholesterol in mammals, are essential components of the plasma membrane and biochemical precursors, and in human cells can alter LXR transcriptional activity. Here, a panel of breast cancer cell lines were treated with four dietary plant sterols and a stanol, alone or in combination with oxysterols. LXR activation and repression were measured by gene expression and LXR-luciferase reporter assays. Oxysterols activated LXR in all cell lines, but surprisingly phytosterols failed to modulate LXR activity. However, phytosterols significantly inhibited the ability of oxysterols to drive LXR transcription. These data support a role for phytosterols in modulating cancer cell behaviour via LXR, and therefore suggest merit in accurate dietary recordings of these molecules in cancer patients during treatment and perhaps supplementation to benefit recovery.
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219
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Ma X, Bi E, Lu Y, Su P, Huang C, Liu L, Wang Q, Yang M, Kalady MF, Qian J, Zhang A, Gupte AA, Hamilton DJ, Zheng C, Yi Q. Cholesterol Induces CD8 + T Cell Exhaustion in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cell Metab 2019; 30:143-156.e5. [PMID: 31031094 PMCID: PMC7061417 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating T cells often lose their effector function; however, the mechanisms are incompletely understood. We report that cholesterol in the tumor microenvironment induces CD8+ T cell expression of immune checkpoints and exhaustion. Tumor tissues enriched with cholesterol and cholesterol content in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells were positively and progressively associated with upregulated T cell expression of PD-1, 2B4, TIM-3, and LAG-3. Adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells acquired cholesterol, expressed high levels of immune checkpoints, and became exhausted upon entering a tumor. Tumor culture supernatant or cholesterol induced immune checkpoint expression by increasing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in CD8+ T cells. Consequently, the ER stress sensor XBP1 was activated and regulated PD-1 and 2B4 transcription. Inhibiting XBP1 or reducing cholesterol in CD8+ T cells effectively restored antitumor activity. This study reveals a mechanism underlying T cell exhaustion and suggests a new strategy for restoring T cell function by reducing cholesterol to enhance T cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhe Ma
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Enguang Bi
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Pan Su
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chunjian Huang
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lintao Liu
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maojie Yang
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew F Kalady
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jianfei Qian
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anisha A Gupte
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dale J Hamilton
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chengyun Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Qing Yi
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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220
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He S, Ma L, Baek AE, Vardanyan A, Vembar V, Chen JJ, Nelson AT, Burdette JE, Nelson ER. Host CYP27A1 expression is essential for ovarian cancer progression. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:659-675. [PMID: 31048561 PMCID: PMC6824983 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for more effective strategies to treat ovarian cancer. Elevated cholesterol levels are associated with a decreased progression-free survival time (PFS) while statins are protective. 27-Hydroxycholesterol (27HC), a primary metabolite of cholesterol, has been shown to modulate the activities of the estrogen receptors (ERs) and liver x receptors (LXRs) providing a potential mechanistic link between cholesterol and ovarian cancer progression. We found that high expression of CYP27A1, the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of 27HC, was associated with decreased PFS, while high expression of CYP7B1, responsible for 27HC catabolism, was associated with increased PFS. However, 27HC decreased the cellular proliferation of various ovarian cancer cell lines in an LXR-dependent manner. Intriguingly, ID8 grafts were unable to effectively establish in CYP27A1-/- mice, indicating involvement of the host environment. Tumors from mice treated with 27HC had altered myeloid cell composition, and cells from the marrow stem cell lineage were found to be responsible for the effects in CYP27A1-/- mice. While inhibition of CYP27A1 or immune checkpoint did not significantly alter tumor size, their combination did, thereby highlighting this axis as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi He
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Liqian Ma
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Amy E. Baek
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Anna Vardanyan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Varsha Vembar
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Joy J. Chen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Adam T. Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Joanna E. Burdette
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Erik R. Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People Theme, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
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221
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Sharma B, Agnihotri N. Role of cholesterol homeostasis and its efflux pathways in cancer progression. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 191:105377. [PMID: 31063804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells show high avidity for cholesterol in order to support their inherent nature to divide and proliferate. This results in the rewiring of cholesterol homeostatic pathways by influencing not only de novo synthesis but also uptake or efflux pathways of cholesterol. Recent findings have pointed towards the importance of cholesterol efflux in tumor pathogenesis. Cholesterol efflux is the first and foremost step in reverse cholesterol transport and any perturbation in this pathway may lead to the accumulation of intracellular cholesterol, thereby altering the cellular equilibrium. This review addresses the different mechanisms of cholesterol efflux from the cell and highlights their role and regulation in context to tumor development. There are four different routes by which cholesterol can be effluxed from the cell namely, 1) passive diffusion of cholesterol to mature HDL particles, 2) SR-B1 mediated facilitated diffusion, 3) Active efflux to apo A1 via ABCA1 and 4) ABCG1 mediated efflux to mature HDL. These molecular players facilitating cholesterol efflux are engaged in a complex interplay with different signaling pathways. Thus, an understanding of the efflux pathways, their regulation and cross-talk with signaling molecules may provide novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets to combat the onset of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomika Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, BMS-Block II, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Navneet Agnihotri
- Department of Biochemistry, BMS-Block II, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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222
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Silva-Santos B, Mensurado S, Coffelt SB. γδ T cells: pleiotropic immune effectors with therapeutic potential in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2019; 19:392-404. [PMID: 31209264 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The potential of cancer immunotherapy relies on the mobilization of immune cells capable of producing antitumour cytokines and effectively killing tumour cells. These are major attributes of γδ T cells, a lymphoid lineage that is often underestimated despite its major role in tumour immune surveillance, which has been established in a variety of preclinical cancer models. This situation notwithstanding, in particular instances the tumour microenvironment seemingly mobilizes γδ T cells with immunosuppressive or tumour-promoting functions, thus emphasizing the importance of regulating γδ T cell responses in order to realize their translation into effective cancer immunotherapies. In this Review we outline both seminal work and recent advances in our understanding of how γδ T cells participate in tumour immunity and how their functions are regulated in experimental models of cancer. We also discuss the current strategies aimed at maximizing the therapeutic potential of human γδ T cells, on the eve of their exploration in cancer clinical trials that may position them as key players in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Mensurado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Seth B Coffelt
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow and Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
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223
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Shahoei SH, Nelson ER. Nuclear receptors, cholesterol homeostasis and the immune system. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 191:105364. [PMID: 31002862 PMCID: PMC6589364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is essential for maintaining membrane fluidity in eukaryotes. Additionally, the synthetic cascade of cholesterol results in precursor molecules important for cellular function such as lipid raft formation and protein prenylation. As such, cholesterol homeostasis is tightly regulated. Interestingly, it is now known that some cholesterol precursors and many metabolites serve as active signaling molecules, binding to different classes of receptors including the nuclear receptors. Furthermore, many cholesterol metabolites or their nuclear receptors have been implicated in the regulation of the immune system in normal physiology and disease. Therefore, in this focused review, cholesterol homeostasis and nuclear receptors involved in this regulation will be discussed, with particular emphasis on how these cascades influence the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyed Hamed Shahoei
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Erik R Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People Theme, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
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224
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Cedó L, Reddy ST, Mato E, Blanco-Vaca F, Escolà-Gil JC. HDL and LDL: Potential New Players in Breast Cancer Development. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060853. [PMID: 31208017 PMCID: PMC6616617 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and primary cause of cancer-related mortality in women. The identification of risk factors can improve prevention of cancer, and obesity and hypercholesterolemia represent potentially modifiable breast cancer risk factors. In the present work, we review the progress to date in research on the potential role of the main cholesterol transporters, low-density and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL), on breast cancer development. Although some studies have failed to find associations between lipoproteins and breast cancer, some large clinical studies have demonstrated a direct association between LDL cholesterol levels and breast cancer risk and an inverse association between HDL cholesterol and breast cancer risk. Research in breast cancer cells and experimental mouse models of breast cancer have demonstrated an important role for cholesterol and its transporters in breast cancer development. Instead of cholesterol, the cholesterol metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol induces the proliferation of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells and facilitates metastasis. Oxidative modification of the lipoproteins and HDL glycation activate different inflammation-related pathways, thereby enhancing cell proliferation and migration and inhibiting apoptosis. Cholesterol-lowering drugs and apolipoprotein A-I mimetics have emerged as potential therapeutic agents to prevent the deleterious effects of high cholesterol in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Cedó
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Sant Quintí 77, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Srinivasa T Reddy
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1736, USA.
| | - Eugènia Mato
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Sant Quintí 77, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Sant Quintí 77, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Av. de Can Domènech 737, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Sant Quintí 77, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Av. de Can Domènech 737, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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225
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Sharma B, Gupta V, Dahiya D, Kumar H, Vaiphei K, Agnihotri N. Clinical relevance of cholesterol homeostasis genes in colorectal cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1314-1327. [PMID: 31202724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of cholesterol is a well-known feature in cancer. Preclinical studies suggest the contribution of various cholesterol regulators in CRC. However, their clinical relevance remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the expression of these modulators in CRC and elucidate their diagnostic and prognostic value. mRNA levels of HMGCR, SREBF2, NR1H3 and NR1H2 were downregulated in tumors in local and TCGA cohort. The expression of LDLR, ABCA1 and SCARB1 was not consistent in the two cohorts. Western Blot analysis showed the increased levels of LDLR and reduced levels of LXR in early stage patients. Tumoral SREBP2 levels were enhanced in early stage whereas decreased in late stage. The individual expression of HMGCR, SREBF2, NR1H3 and NR1H2 did not have the potential to be used as independent prognostic marker, however, the combined expression of these genes associated with poor clinical outcome independent of lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and advanced stage. This work sheds light on deregulation of cholesterol uptake and efflux pathways and provides novel leads in the development of biomarkers and therapeutic regimens that can detect and target CRC at initial stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomika Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Department of General Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER),Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Divya Dahiya
- Department of General Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER),Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Hemanth Kumar
- Department of General Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER),Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Kim Vaiphei
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India.
| | - Navneet Agnihotri
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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226
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Abstract
The pro-tumoral diversion of macrophages remains an unresolved paradox of tumor immunology and a conceptual gap in the understanding of tumor biology. Goossens et al. (2019) identify a new level of cross-regulation by which tumors increase the membrane cholesterol efflux of macrophages to enhance their pro-tumoral activation in response to IL-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", via Bovio 6, Novara, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Augusto Bleve
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", via Bovio 6, Novara, Italy; Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marina Chiara Garassino
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Medical Oncology Department 1, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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227
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Racioppi L, Nelson ER, Huang W, Mukherjee D, Lawrence SA, Lento W, Masci AM, Jiao Y, Park S, York B, Liu Y, Baek AE, Drewry DH, Zuercher WJ, Bertani FR, Businaro L, Geradts J, Hall A, Means AR, Chao N, Chang CY, McDonnell DP. CaMKK2 in myeloid cells is a key regulator of the immune-suppressive microenvironment in breast cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2450. [PMID: 31164648 PMCID: PMC6547743 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated myeloid cells regulate tumor growth and metastasis, and their accumulation is a negative prognostic factor for breast cancer. Here we find calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase (CaMKK2) to be highly expressed within intratumoral myeloid cells in mouse models of breast cancer, and demonstrate that its inhibition within myeloid cells suppresses tumor growth by increasing intratumoral accumulation of effector CD8+ T cells and immune-stimulatory myeloid subsets. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) isolated from Camkk2-/- mice expressed higher levels of chemokines involved in the recruitment of effector T cells compared to WT. Similarly, in vitro generated Camkk2-/- macrophages recruit more T cells, and have a reduced capability to suppress T cell proliferation, compared to WT. Treatment with CaMKK2 inhibitors blocks tumor growth in a CD8+ T cell-dependent manner, and facilitates a favorable reprogramming of the immune cell microenvironment. These data, credential CaMKK2 as a myeloid-selective checkpoint, the inhibition of which may have utility in the immunotherapy of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Racioppi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy.
| | - Erik R Nelson
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Debarati Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Scott A Lawrence
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - William Lento
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Anna Maria Masci
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Yiquin Jiao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sunghee Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Brian York
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yaping Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Amy E Baek
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - David H Drewry
- Department of Chemical Biology, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - William J Zuercher
- Department of Chemical Biology, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | - Luca Businaro
- CNR IFN Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Rome, 00156, Italy
| | - Joseph Geradts
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Allison Hall
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Anthony R Means
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nelson Chao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ching-Yi Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Donald P McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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228
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Rossin D, Dias IHK, Solej M, Milic I, Pitt AR, Iaia N, Scoppapietra L, Devitt A, Nano M, Degiuli M, Volante M, Caccia C, Leoni V, Griffiths HR, Spickett CM, Poli G, Biasi F. Increased production of 27-hydroxycholesterol in human colorectal cancer advanced stage: Possible contribution to cancer cell survival and infiltration. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 136:35-44. [PMID: 30910555 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
So far, the investigation in cancer cell lines of the modulation of cancer growth and progression by oxysterols, in particular 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), has yielded controversial results. The primary aim of this study was the quantitative evaluation of possible changes in 27HC levels during the different steps of colorectal cancer (CRC) progression in humans. A consistent increase in this oxysterol in CRC mass compared to the tumor-adjacent tissue was indeed observed, but only in advanced stages of progression (TNM stage III), a phase in which cancer has spread to nearby sites. To investigate possible pro-tumor properties of 27HC, its effects were studied in vitro in differentiated CaCo-2 cells. Relatively high concentrations of this oxysterol markedly increased the release of pro-inflammatory interleukins 6 and 8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, as well as matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9. The up-regulation of all these molecules, which are potentially able to favor cancer progression, appeared to be dependent upon a net stimulation of Akt signaling exerted by supra-physiological amounts of 27HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rossin
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - I H K Dias
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
| | - M Solej
- Dept. of Oncology, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - I Milic
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
| | - A R Pitt
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
| | - N Iaia
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - L Scoppapietra
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - A Devitt
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
| | - M Nano
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - M Degiuli
- Dept. of Oncology, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - M Volante
- Dept. of Oncology, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - C Caccia
- Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Dept. of Applied Diagnostic, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
| | - V Leoni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, School of Medicine, Hospital of Desio, Desio, Milan, Italy.
| | - H R Griffiths
- Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - C M Spickett
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
| | - G Poli
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - F Biasi
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
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229
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Oxysterol research: a brief review. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:517-526. [PMID: 30936243 PMCID: PMC6490702 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we discuss the recent developments in oxysterol research. Exciting results have been reported relating to the involvement of oxysterols in the fields of neurodegenerative disease, especially in Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease; in signalling and development, in particular, in relation to Hedgehog signalling; and in cancer, with a special focus on (25R)26-hydroxycholesterol. Methods for the measurement of oxysterols, essential for understanding their mechanism of action in vivo, and valuable for diagnosing rare diseases of cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism are briefly considered.
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230
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Cam A, Oyirifi AB, Liu Y, Haschek WM, Iwaniec UT, Turner RT, Engeseth NJ, Helferich WG. Thermally Abused Frying Oil Potentiates Metastasis to Lung in a Murine Model of Late-Stage Breast Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:201-210. [PMID: 30885926 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deep-frying is a popular form of food preparation used globally and throughout in the United States. Each time dietary oils are heated to deep-frying temperatures, they undergo chemical alterations that result in a new matrix of lipid structures. These lipid products include triglyceride dimers, polymers, oxidized triglycerides, and cyclic monomers, which raises nutritional concerns about associations between these lipid products and heightened health risks. Reports of associations between thermally abused frying oil and deleterious health outcomes currently exist, yet there is little information concerning the effects of thermally abused frying oil consumption and the progression of breast cancer. This study used a late-stage breast cancer murine model and in vivo bioluminescent imaging to monitor progression of metastasis of 4T1 tumor cells in animals consuming fresh soybean oil (SBO) and a thermally abused frying oil (TAFO). Bioluminescent and histologic examinations demonstrated that TAFO consumption resulted in a marked increase of metastatic lung tumor formation compared to SBO consumption. Further, in animals consuming the TAFO treatment diet, metastatic tumors in the lung displayed a 1.4-fold increase in the Ki-67 marker of cellular proliferation and RNA-sequencing analysis of the hepatic tissue revealed a dietary-induced modulation of gene expression in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Cam
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Ashley B Oyirifi
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Yunxian Liu
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Wanda M Haschek
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Urszula T Iwaniec
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Russell T Turner
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Nicki J Engeseth
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - William G Helferich
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois.
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231
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Ma L, Nelson ER. Oxysterols and nuclear receptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 484:42-51. [PMID: 30660701 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxysterols are derivatives of cholesterol and an important regulator of cholesterol metabolism, in part due to their role as ligands for nuclear receptors, such as the liver X receptors. Oxysterols are also known to be ligands for the RAR-related orphan receptors, involved in normal T cell differentiation. However, increasing evidence supports a role for oxysterols in the progression of several diseases. Here, we review recent developments in oxysterol research, highlighting the biological functions that oxysterols exert through their target nuclear receptors: the liver X receptors, estrogen receptors, RAR-related orphan receptors and the glucocorticoid receptor. We also bring the regulation of the immune system into the context of interaction between oxysterols and nuclear receptors, discussing the effect of such interaction on the pro-inflammatory function of macrophages and the development of T cells. Finally, we examine the impact that oxysterols have on various disease models, including cancer, Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis, stressing the role of nuclear receptors if previously identified. This review underscores the need to consider the multifaceted roles of oxysterols in terms of multiple receptor engagements and selective modulation of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Ma
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Erik R Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People Theme, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States.
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232
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Milette S, Fiset PO, Walsh LA, Spicer JD, Quail DF. The innate immune architecture of lung tumors and its implication in disease progression. J Pathol 2019; 247:589-605. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Milette
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental MedicineMcGill University Montreal Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research CentreMcGill University Montreal Canada
| | - Pierre O Fiset
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of MedicineMcGill University Montreal Canada
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research CentreMcGill University Montreal Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of MedicineMcGill University Montreal Canada
| | - Jonathan D Spicer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental MedicineMcGill University Montreal Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research CentreMcGill University Montreal Canada
- Department of SurgeryMcGill University Health Center Montreal Canada
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental MedicineMcGill University Montreal Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research CentreMcGill University Montreal Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineMcGill University Montreal Canada
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233
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Abstract
Obesity is associated with both increased cancer incidence and progression in multiple tumour types, and is estimated to contribute to up to 20% of cancer-related deaths. These associations are driven, in part, by metabolic and inflammatory changes in adipose tissue that disrupt physiological homeostasis both within local tissues and systemically. However, the mechanisms underlying the obesity-cancer relationship are poorly understood. In this Review, we describe how the adipose tissue microenvironment (ATME) evolves during body-weight gain, and how these changes might influence tumour initiation and progression. We focus on multiple facets of ATME physiology, including inflammation, vascularity and fibrosis, and discuss therapeutic interventions that have the potential to normalize the ATME, which might be translationally relevant for cancer prevention and therapy. Given that the prevalence of obesity is increasing on an international scale, translational research initiatives are urgently needed to provide mechanistic explanations for the obesity-cancer relationship, and how to best identify high-risk individuals without relying on crude measures, such as BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F Quail
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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234
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Mollinedo F. Neutrophil Degranulation, Plasticity, and Cancer Metastasis. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:228-242. [PMID: 30777721 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first responders to inflammation and infection. Recently, an elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio has generally become a prognostic indicator of poor overall survival in cancer. Accordingly, heterogeneous ill-defined neutrophil-like populations have been increasingly recognized as important players in cancer development. In addition, neutrophil granule proteins released upon cell activation have been associated with tumor progression; this differential granule mobilization may allow neutrophils - and possibly associated cancer cells - to leave the bloodstream and enter inflamed/infected tissues. This review discusses and proposes how granule mobilization may facilitate neutrophil-mediated transport of cancer cells into different tissues as well as leading to different cellular phenotypes that underlie remarkable neutrophil plasticity. This concept might inform novel neutrophil-centered approaches to putative cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustino Mollinedo
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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235
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Fujita K, Hayashi T, Matsushita M, Uemura M, Nonomura N. Obesity, Inflammation, and Prostate Cancer. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8020201. [PMID: 30736371 PMCID: PMC6406330 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is increasing in the world, and obesity-induced disease, insulin-resistance, cardiovascular disease, and malignancies are becoming a problem. Epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is associated with advanced prostate cancer and that obese men with prostate cancer have a poorer prognosis. Obesity induces systemic inflammation via several mechanisms. High-fat diet-induced prostate cancer progresses via adipose-secretory cytokines or chemokines. Inflammatory cells play important roles in tumor progression. A high-fat diet or obesity changes the local profile of immune cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells and macrophages, in prostate cancer. Tumor-associated neutrophils, B cells, and complements may promote prostate cancer in the background of obesity. Interventions to control systemic and/or local inflammation and changes in lifestyle may also be viable therapies for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takuji Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Makoto Matsushita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Motohide Uemura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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236
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Abstract
Menopause, the permanent cessation of the menstrual cycle, marks the end of a woman's reproductive lifespan. In addition to changes in sex hormone levels associated with menopause, its timing is another predictor of future health outcomes such as duration of the presence of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and the risk of hormone-related cancers. With ageing of the population, it is estimated that worldwide 1·2 billion women will be menopausal by the year 2030. Previously the effects of reproductive factors (e.g. parity, age at menarche, pregnancy) and socio-demographic factors on intermediate and long-term health outcomes of menopause have been widely documented. However, little is known about whether diet could have an impact on these. Therefore, we review current evidence on the associations of diet with menopause, presence of VMS and the risk of hormone-related cancers such as ovarian, endometrial and breast cancer. Dietary factors could influence the lifespan of the ovaries and sex-hormones levels, hence the timing of natural menopause. Few studies reported an association between diet, in particular soya consumption, and a reduced risk of VMS. Sustained oestrogen exposure has been associated with a higher risk of hormone-related cancers and thus high-fat and meat diets have been linked with an increased risk of these cancers. However, to better understand the mechanistic pathways involved and to make stronger conclusions for these relationships, further studies investigating the associations of dietary intakes and dietary patterns with menopause, presence of VMS and the risk of hormone-related cancers are required.
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237
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Ortiz A, Gui J, Zahedi F, Yu P, Cho C, Bhattacharya S, Carbone CJ, Yu Q, Katlinski KV, Katlinskaya YV, Handa S, Haas V, Volk SW, Brice AK, Wals K, Matheson NJ, Antrobus R, Ludwig S, Whiteside TL, Sander C, Tarhini AA, Kirkwood JM, Lehner PJ, Guo W, Rui H, Minn AJ, Koumenis C, Diehl JA, Fuchs SY. An Interferon-Driven Oxysterol-Based Defense against Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:33-45.e6. [PMID: 30645975 PMCID: PMC6336114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEV) "educate" healthy cells to promote metastases. We found that melanoma TEV downregulated type I interferon (IFN) receptor and expression of IFN-inducible cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H). CH25H produces 25-hydroxycholesterol, which inhibited TEV uptake. Low CH25H levels in leukocytes from melanoma patients correlated with poor prognosis. Mice incapable of downregulating the IFN receptor and Ch25h were resistant to TEV uptake, TEV-induced pre-metastatic niche, and melanoma lung metastases; however, ablation of Ch25h reversed these phenotypes. An anti-hypertensive drug, reserpine, suppressed TEV uptake and disrupted TEV-induced formation of the pre-metastatic niche and melanoma lung metastases. These results suggest the importance of CH25H in defense against education of normal cells by TEV and argue for the use of reserpine in adjuvant melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Ortiz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jun Gui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Farima Zahedi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christina Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sabyasachi Bhattacharya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher J Carbone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qiujing Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kanstantsin V Katlinski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuliya V Katlinskaya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Simran Handa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Victor Haas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Susan W Volk
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Angela K Brice
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kim Wals
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Nicholas J Matheson
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Robin Antrobus
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Sonja Ludwig
- Departments of Pathology, Immunology, and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Theresa L Whiteside
- Departments of Pathology, Immunology, and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Cindy Sander
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ahmad A Tarhini
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - John M Kirkwood
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Andy J Minn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Constantinos Koumenis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Serge Y Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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238
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Kang C, LeRoith D, Gallagher EJ. Diabetes, Obesity, and Breast Cancer. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3801-3812. [PMID: 30215698 PMCID: PMC6202853 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rates of obesity and diabetes are increasing worldwide, whereas the age of onset for both obesity and diabetes are decreasing steadily. Obesity and diabetes are associated with multiple factors that contribute to the increased risk of a number of different cancers, including breast cancer. These factors are hyperinsulinemia, elevated IGFs, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, adipokines, inflammatory cytokines, and the gut microbiome. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the complex signaling pathways underlying these multiple factors involved in the obesity/diabetes-breast cancer link, with a focus particularly on the roles of the insulin/IGF system and dyslipidemia in preclinical breast cancer models. We review some of the therapeutic strategies to target these metabolic derangements in cancer. Future research directions and potential therapeutic strategies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chifei Kang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Emily J Gallagher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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239
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Cheurfa M, Abdallah HH, Allem R, Noui A, Picot-Allain CMN, Mahomoodally F. Hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant properties of Olea europaea L. leaves from Chlef province, Algeria using in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 123:98-105. [PMID: 30292622 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous and ethanol extracts prepared from leaves of Olea europaea L. were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant and in vivo hypocholesterolemic effect. The result of administration of O. europaea leaf extracts on serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in hypercholesterolaemic mice was evaluated. In addition, rutin and luteolin, reported to occur naturally in O. europaea leaves, were docked against HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol metabolism. Mice treated with both extracts showed reduced total cholesterol (246.6 and 163.4 mg/dl, for mice groups treated with respective extracts) and LDL (150.16 and 81.28 mg/dl, for mice groups treated with respective extracts) levels as compared to the hypercholesterolaemic group (total cholesterol 253.00 mg/dl and LDL 160.00 mg/dl). Mice treated with aqueous extract (200 mg/kg body weight) showed significantly reduced triglyceride and VLDL levels as compared to the group treated with atorvastatine. HDL level of mice administered with O. europaea aqueous extract was comparable to the atorvastatine-treated group. The ethanol extract of O. europeae leaves was a potent antioxidant (IC50 69.15 mg/ml, % inhibition 54.98, 82.63 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g extract, 7.53 mol of Fe2+/g extract, and % inhibition 49.71, for the DPPH, β-carotene bleaching, total antioxidant capacity, FRAP, and ferric thiocyanate assays, respectively). Docking studies revealed that rutin showed higher binding affinity with HMG-CoA reductase as compared to luteolin. Data gathered from this study support the development of a prophylactic biomedicine from O. europaea leaves for the management of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cheurfa
- Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de la nature et de la vie et sciences de la terre, Université Djilali-Bounaama-Khemis-Miliana, Algeria; Laboratoire de Bio ressources Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences de la nature et de la vie, Département de Biologie, Université H.B.Chlef, Bp 151, Chlef, 02000, Algeria.
| | - H H Abdallah
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Malaysia; Chemistry Department, College of Education, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - R Allem
- Laboratoire de Bio ressources Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences de la nature et de la vie, Département de Biologie, Université H.B.Chlef, Bp 151, Chlef, 02000, Algeria
| | - A Noui
- Laboratoire de Bio ressources Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences de la nature et de la vie, Département de Biologie, Université H.B.Chlef, Bp 151, Chlef, 02000, Algeria
| | - C M N Picot-Allain
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, 230 Réduit, Mauritius
| | - F Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, 230 Réduit, Mauritius.
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240
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Moresco MA, Raccosta L, Corna G, Maggioni D, Soncini M, Bicciato S, Doglioni C, Russo V. Enzymatic Inactivation of Oxysterols in Breast Tumor Cells Constraints Metastasis Formation by Reprogramming the Metastatic Lung Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2251. [PMID: 30333826 PMCID: PMC6176086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that immune cells contribute to the formation of tumor metastases by regulating the pre-metastatic niche. Whether tumor-derived factors involved in primary tumor formation play a role in metastasis formation is poorly characterized. Oxysterols act as endogenous regulators of lipid metabolism through the interaction with the nuclear Liver X Receptors-(LXR)α and LXRβ. In the context of tumor development, they establish a pro-tumor environment by dampening antitumor immune responses, and by recruiting pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive neutrophils. However, the ability of LXR/oxysterol axis to promote tumor invasion and metastasis by exploiting immune cells, is still up to debate. In this study we provide evidence that oxysterols participate in the primary growth of orthotopically implanted 4T1 breast tumors by establishing a tumor-promoting microenvironment. Furthermore, we show that oxysterols are involved in the metastatic spread of 4T1 breast tumors, since their enzymatic inactivation mediated by the sulfotransferase 2B1b, reduces the number of metastatic cells in the lungs of tumor-bearing mice. Finally, we provide evidence that oxysterols support the metastatic cascade by modifying the lung metastatic niche, particularly allowing the recruitment of tumor-promoting neutrophils. These results identify a possible new metastatic pathway to target in order to prevent metastasis formation in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Moresco
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Raccosta
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Corna
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Maggioni
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Matias Soncini
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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241
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Munir MT, Ponce C, Powell CA, Tarafdar K, Yanagita T, Choudhury M, Gollahon LS, Rahman SM. The contribution of cholesterol and epigenetic changes to the pathophysiology of breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 183:1-9. [PMID: 29733910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in women. Accumulating evidence suggests that cholesterol plays an important role in the development of breast cancer. Even though the mechanistic link between these two factors is not well understood, one possibility is that dysregulated cholesterol metabolism may affect lipid raft and membrane fluidity and can promote tumor development. Current studies have shown oxysterol 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-HC) as a critical regulator of cholesterol and breast cancer pathogenesis. This is supported by the significantly higher expression of CYP27A1 (cytochrome P450, family 27, subfamily A, polypeptide 1) in breast cancers. This enzyme is responsible for 27-HC synthesis from cholesterol. It has been shown that 27-HC can not only increase the proliferation of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells but also stimulate tumor growth and metastasis in several breast cancer models. This phenomenon is surprising since 27-HC and other oxysterols generally reduce intracellular cholesterol levels by activating the liver X receptors (LXRs). Resolving this paradox will elucidate molecular pathways by which cholesterol, ER, and LXR are connected to breast cancer. These findings will also provide the rationale for evaluating pharmaceutical approaches that manipulate cholesterol or 27-HC synthesis in order to mitigate the impact of cholesterol on breast cancer pathophysiology. In addition to cholesterol, epigenetic changes including non-coding RNAs, and microRNAs, DNA methylation, and histone modifications, have all been shown to control tumorigenesis. The purpose of this review is to discuss the link between altered cholesterol metabolism and epigenetic modification during breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliha T Munir
- Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - Catherine A Powell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Mahua Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren S Gollahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Shaikh M Rahman
- Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
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242
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Abstract
Statin drugs have been used for more than two decades to treat hypercholesterolemia and as cardio-preventive drugs, resulting in a marked decrease in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Statins halt hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis by inhibiting the rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR). The mevalonate pathway regulates a host of biochemical processes in addition to cholesterol production. Attenuation of these pathways is likely responsible for the myriad benefits of statin therapy beyond cholesterol reduction - the so-called pleiotropic effects of statins. Chief amongst these purported effects is anti-cancer activity. A considerable body of preclinical, epidemiologic and clinical evidence shows that statins impair proliferation of breast cancer cells and reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence. Potential mechanisms for this effect have been explored in laboratory models, but remain poorly understood and require further investigation. The number of clinical trials assessing the putative clinical benefit of statins in breast cancer is increasing. Currently, a total of 30 breast cancer/statin trials are listed at the global trial identifier website clinicaltrials.gov. Given the compelling evidence from performed trials in a variety of clinical settings, there have been calls for a clinical trial of statins in the adjuvant breast cancer setting. It would be imperative for such a trial to incorporate tumour biomarkers predictive of statin response in its design and analysis plan. Ongoing translational clinical trials aimed at biomarker discovery will help identify, which breast cancer patients are most likely to benefit from adjuvant statin therapy, and will add valuable clinical knowledge to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Borgquist
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - O Bjarnadottir
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Kimbung
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - T P Ahern
- Departments of Surgery and Biochemistry, The Robert Larner, MD College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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243
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Bousquenaud M, Fico F, Solinas G, Rüegg C, Santamaria-Martínez A. Obesity promotes the expansion of metastasis-initiating cells in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:104. [PMID: 30180888 PMCID: PMC6123990 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a strong predictor of poor prognosis in breast cancer, especially in postmenopausal women. In particular, tumors in obese patients tend to seed more distant metastases, although the biology behind this observation remains poorly understood. Methods To elucidate the effects of the obese microenvironment on metastatic spread, we ovariectomized C57BL/6 J female mice and fed them either a regular diet (RD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) to generate a postmenopausal diet-induced obesity model. We then studied tumor progression to metastasis of Py230 and EO771 grafts. We analyzed and phenotyped the RD and HFD tumors and the surrounding adipose tissue by flow cytometry, qPCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot. The influence of the microenvironment on tumor cells was assessed by performing cross-transplantation of RD and HFD tumor cells into other RD and HFD mice. The results were analyzed using the unpaired Student t test when comparing two variables, otherwise we used one-way or two-way analysis of variance. The relationship between two variables was calculated using correlation coefficients. Results Our results show that tumors in obese mice grow faster, are also less vascularized, more hypoxic, of higher grade and enriched in CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils. Collectively, this favors induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and progression to claudin-low breast cancer, a subtype of triple-negative breast cancer that is enriched in cancer stem cells. Interestingly, transplanting HFD-derived tumor cells in RD mice transfers enhanced tumor growth and lung metastasis formation. Conclusions These data indicate that a pro-metastatic effect of obesity is acquired by the tumor cells in the primary tumor independently of the microenvironment of the secondary site. Graphical abstract Effects of postmenopausal obesity on primary breast cancer tumoursᅟ![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-018-1029-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bousquenaud
- Experimental and Translational Oncology Laboratory, Division of Pathology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Flavia Fico
- Tumor Ecology Laboratory, Division of Pathology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 18, PER17, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Solinas
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Experimental and Translational Oncology Laboratory, Division of Pathology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Swiss Integrative Center for Human Health, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Albert Santamaria-Martínez
- Tumor Ecology Laboratory, Division of Pathology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 18, PER17, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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244
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Zhang RX, Li J, Zhang T, Amini MA, He C, Lu B, Ahmed T, Lip H, Rauth AM, Wu XY. Importance of integrating nanotechnology with pharmacology and physiology for innovative drug delivery and therapy - an illustration with firsthand examples. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:825-844. [PMID: 29698389 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been applied extensively in drug delivery to improve the therapeutic outcomes of various diseases. Tremendous efforts have been focused on the development of novel nanoparticles and delineation of the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles in relation to their biological fate and functions. However, in the design and evaluation of these nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, the pharmacology of delivered drugs and the (patho-)physiology of the host have received less attention. In this review, we discuss important pharmacological mechanisms, physiological characteristics, and pathological factors that have been integrated into the design of nanotechnology-enabled drug delivery systems and therapies. Firsthand examples are presented to illustrate the principles and advantages of such integrative design strategies for cancer treatment by exploiting 1) intracellular synergistic interactions of drug-drug and drug-nanomaterial combinations to overcome multidrug-resistant cancer, 2) the blood flow direction of the circulatory system to maximize drug delivery to the tumor neovasculature and cells overexpressing integrin receptors for lung metastases, 3) endogenous lipoproteins to decorate nanocarriers and transport them across the blood-brain barrier for brain metastases, and 4) distinct pathological factors in the tumor microenvironment to develop pH- and oxidative stress-responsive hybrid manganese dioxide nanoparticles for enhanced radiotherapy. Regarding the application in diabetes management, a nanotechnology-enabled closed-loop insulin delivery system was devised to provide dynamic insulin release at a physiologically relevant time scale and glucose levels. These examples, together with other research results, suggest that utilization of the interplay of pharmacology, (patho-)physiology and nanotechnology is a facile approach to develop innovative drug delivery systems and therapies with high efficiency and translational potential.
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Starkey NJE, Li Y, Drenkhahn-Weinaug SK, Liu J, Lubahn DB. 27-Hydroxycholesterol Is an Estrogen Receptor β-Selective Negative Allosteric Modifier of 17β-Estradiol Binding. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1972-1981. [PMID: 29579190 PMCID: PMC6693046 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens bind to two nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ERα and ERβ, which are expressed in differing amounts in various tissues. The endogenous estrogen, 17β-estradiol (E2), binds to both subtypes with nearly equal affinity and is the prototypical agonist. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) may bind to both subtypes with equivalent affinities but have agonist activities in some tissues while having antagonist activities in others. In the present study, we demonstrate that the first reported endogenous SERM, 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC), binds preferentially (>100-fold) to ERβ over ERα. Furthermore, 27-OHC is not able to fully compete with E2 binding, suggesting the two may bind at different sites. We provide an allosteric ternary complex model for the simultaneous binding of 27-OHC and E2 to ERβ, which accurately describes the binding data we have observed. We conclude that 27-OHC is a negative allosteric modifier of E2 binding, with an inhibitor constantof 50 nM and cooperativity factor (α) of 0.036. We also propose an in silico three-dimensional model of the simultaneous binding to guide future experiments. Further study of this unique binding model may allow for the discovery of novel ERβ-selective ligands and potentially explain the lack of effectiveness of ERβ-selective agonists in humans vs preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yufei Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Sara K Drenkhahn-Weinaug
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Chemistry, Lindenwood University–Belleville, Belleville, Illinois
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Dennis B Lubahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Correspondence: Dennis B. Lubahn, PhD, 110A Animal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211. E-mail:
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246
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Cirmena G, Franceschelli P, Isnaldi E, Ferrando L, De Mariano M, Ballestrero A, Zoppoli G. Squalene epoxidase as a promising metabolic target in cancer treatment. Cancer Lett 2018; 425:13-20. [PMID: 29596888 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic alteration of the cholesterol synthesis pathway is a recognized mechanism of metabolic adaptation. In the present review, we focus on squalene epoxidase (SE), one of the two rate-limiting enzymes in cholesterol synthesis, retracing its history since its discovery as an antimycotic target to its description as an emerging metabolic oncogene by amplification with clinical relevance in cancer. We review the published literature assessing the association between SE over-expression and poor prognosis in this disease. We assess the works demonstrating how SE promotes tumor cell proliferation and migration, and displaying evidence of cancer cell demise in presence of human SE inhibitors in in vitro and in vivo models. Taken together, robust scientific evidence has by now accumulated pointing out SE as a promising novel therapeutic target in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Ballestrero
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Zoppoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
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247
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Zhang B, Chen X, Zhou Q, Song Y, Sun S, Cheng H. Human gene expression microarray analysis of the HPV 6bE7-HaCaT stable cell line. Gene 2018; 657:60-68. [PMID: 29501815 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted agent in the world. HPV6b is a low-risk type of HPVs that causes benign verrucous hyperplastic lesions of the skin and anal genital mucosa. Previous research has indicated that HPV genotype 6 is sometimes associated with high-grade lesions and anal cancer. The pathogenesis of low-risk HPV infection and its relationship to high-risk HPV is not clear at present. The E7 protein, which is encoded by HPV early -expressing genes, plays an important role in HPV infection. The aim of this study is to investigate the human gene expression signature of the HPV6b E7-transfected HaCaT stable cell line. The identification of differentially expressed genes might provide a more comprehensive understanding of HPV6b infection and will allow us to explore the specific role of E7 protein. METHODS We established a stable cell line transfected with the HPV6b E7 gene and analyzed the line's genome-wide expression profile by microarray. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the differentially expressed genes. GO enrichment analysis was applied for gene annotation according to functions. KEGG analysis, a system for analyzing gene function and genome information, was used to help us integrate differentially expressed genes into pathways. RESULTS A total of 3519 genes were identified to be significantly differentially expressed between the HPV 6bE7-HaCaT stable cell line and a control cell line, among which 1884 genes were up-regulated and 1635 genes were down-regulated with a fold-change > 2.0 between the two groups. The expression profiles of the top 20 up-regulated and the top 20 down-regulated genes in the HPV 6bE7-HaCaT stable cell line as analyzed by qRT-PCR were consistent with the microarray data. The most significantly enhanced genes HPV 6bE7-HaCaT cells were SIMC1, S100A8 and S100A9, whereas PXDN expression was markedly down-regulated. GO analysis showed that HPV 6bE7 primarily affected biological processes and that the most significant difference was in heart induction (GO:0003129). Many differentially expressed genes were linked to histone H4-K20 demethylation (GO:0035574). KEGG analysis showed that the most significant changes in gene expression were related to primary bile acid biosynthesis, and the most diverse biological processes were related to systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The global gene expression profile of the HPV 6bE7-HaCaT stable cell line was analyzed, revealing the genes regulated by E7 protein and providing insight into the pathogenesis of HPV6b infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Xianzhen Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Yinjing Song
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Siyuan Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, China.
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Seiler A, Chen MA, Brown RL, Fagundes CP. Obesity, Dietary Factors, Nutrition, and Breast Cancer Risk. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2018; 10:14-27. [PMID: 30662586 PMCID: PMC6335046 DOI: 10.1007/s12609-018-0264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To synthesize the critical role of obesity-associated inflammation, dietary factors, and nutrition in determining breast cancer risk. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity-associated inflammation is strongly linked to breast cancer risk and progression, largely via two processes: inflammatory pathways and dysregulated metabolism. Cytokine production in excess adipose tissues creates a chronic inflammatory microenvironment, which favors tumor development. Lifestyle factors, including diet, have long been recognized as important determinants of breast cancer risk and mortality. SUMMARY Obesity increases the risk of developing breast cancer in both pre- and postmenopausal women and also negatively affects breast cancer recurrence and survival. Poor dietary habits characterized by the high intake of refined starches, sugar, and both saturated and trans-saturated fats, as well as the low intake of omega-3 fatty acids, natural antioxidants, and fiber, modulate inflammation and, thereby, appear to be linked to increased risk of breast cancer and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Seiler
- Department of Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Haldenbachstrasse 18, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ryan L Brown
- Department of Psychology, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher P Fagundes
- Department of Psychology, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Poirot M, Silvente-Poirot S. The tumor-suppressor cholesterol metabolite, dendrogenin A, is a new class of LXR modulator activating lethal autophagy in cancers. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:75-81. [PMID: 29409832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dendrogenin A (DDA) is a mammalian cholesterol metabolite recently identified that displays tumor suppressor properties. The discovery of DDA has revealed the existence in mammals of a new metabolic branch in the cholesterol pathway centered on 5,6α-epoxycholesterol and bridging cholesterol metabolism with histamine metabolism. Metabolic studies showed a drop in DDA levels in cancer cells and tumors compared to normal cells, suggesting a link between DDA metabolism deregulation and oncogenesis. Importantly, complementation of cancer cells with DDA induced 1) cancer cell re-differentiation, 2) blockade of 6-oxo-cholestan-3β,5α-diol (OCDO) production, an endogenous tumor promoter and 3) lethal autophagy in tumors. Importantly, by binding the liver X receptor (LXR), DDA activates the expression of genes controlling autophagy. These genes include NR4A1, NR4A3, LC3 and TFEB. The canonical LXR ligands 22(R)hydroxycholesterol, TO901317 and GW3965 did not induce these effects indicating that DDA delineates a new class of selective LXR modulator (SLiM). The induction of lethal autophagy by DDA was associated with the accumulation in cancer cells of lysosomes and of the pro-lysosomal cholesterol precursor zymostenol due to the inhibition of the 3β-hydroxysteroid-Δ8Δ7-isomerase enzyme (D8D7I). The anti-cancer efficacy of DDA was established on different mouse and human cancers such as breast cancers, melanoma and acute myeloid leukemia, including patient derived xenografts, and did not discriminate bulk cancer cells from cancer cell progenitors. Together these data highlight that the mammalian metabolite DDA is a promising anticancer compound with a broad range of anticancer applications. In addition, DDA and LXR are new actors in the transcriptional control of autophagy and DDA being a "first in line" driver of lethal autophagy in cancers via the LXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Poirot
- Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR 1037 INSERM-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR 1037 INSERM-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR 1037 INSERM-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR 1037 INSERM-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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Yamauchi Y, Rogers MA. Sterol Metabolism and Transport in Atherosclerosis and Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:509. [PMID: 30283400 PMCID: PMC6157400 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is a vital lipid molecule for mammalian cells, regulating fluidity of biological membranes, and serving as an essential constituent of lipid rafts. Mammalian cells acquire cholesterol from extracellular lipoproteins and from de novo synthesis. Cholesterol biosynthesis generates various precursor sterols. Cholesterol undergoes metabolic conversion into oxygenated sterols (oxysterols), bile acids, and steroid hormones. Cholesterol intermediates and metabolites have diverse and important cellular functions. A network of molecular machineries including transcription factors, protein modifiers, sterol transporters/carriers, and sterol sensors regulate sterol homeostasis in mammalian cells and tissues. Dysfunction in metabolism and transport of cholesterol, sterol intermediates, and oxysterols occurs in various pathophysiological settings such as atherosclerosis, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. Here we review the cholesterol, intermediate sterol, and oxysterol regulatory mechanisms and intracellular transport machineries, and discuss the roles of sterols and sterol metabolism in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Yamauchi
- Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yoshio Yamauchi
| | - Maximillian A. Rogers
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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