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Folk AL, Hooper L, Hazzard VM, Larson N, Barr-Anderson DJ, Neumark-Sztainer D. Does Weight-Motivation for Exercise Predict Physical Activity Levels Across the Life Course From Adolescence to Adulthood? J Adolesc Health 2022; 71:112-118. [PMID: 35351352 PMCID: PMC9232887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare professionals may motivate their patients to exercise to lose weight, but it is unknown how weight-focused motivations influence young peoples' PA trajectories. PURPOSE To examine if weight-motivated exercise predicts moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) from adolescence to adulthood in a population-based sample and if this relationship differs by age and body mass index (BMI). METHODS Participants (N = 1,428; 13-18 years at baseline; 48.6% female; 49.0% white) responded to surveys in the 15-year longitudinal study, Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults). Weight-motivated exercise was examined as a predictor of MVPA across the life course at five-year intervals using linear regression generalized estimating equations and adjusting for demographics (age modeled continuously), BMI (modeled continuously), weight-related intentions, and prior MVPA. RESULTS Weight-motivated exercise predicted higher subsequent MVPA at five-year intervals among females (B = .57, 95% CI:0.13, 1.00) but not males (B = .31, 95% CI:-.09, .72). The association differed by BMI in females (p = .02); weight-motivated exercise was associated with higher subsequent MVPA at lower BMI but lower subsequent MVPA at higher BMI. The association also differed by age in males (p = .008), such that older males who reported weight-motivated exercise had higher subsequent MVPA, whereas this association was not present in younger males. CONCLUSION Weight-motivated exercise may have a deleterious influence on MVPA for females with higher BMI and may have an advantageous influence on older males. Understanding how motivations for exercise may influence PA trajectories can inform PA promotion over the life course by providing more nuanced guidance by age, BMI, and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Folk
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Laura Hooper
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Vivienne M Hazzard
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Nicole Larson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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202
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Yárnoz-Esquiroz P, Olazarán L, Aguas-Ayesa M, Perdomo CM, García-Goñi M, Silva C, Fernández-Formoso JA, Escalada J, Montecucco F, Portincasa P, Frühbeck G. 'Obesities': Position statement on a complex disease entity with multifaceted drivers. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13811. [PMID: 35514242 PMCID: PMC9285368 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Academic medicine fosters research that moves from discovery to translation, at the same time as promoting education of the next generation of professionals. In the field of obesity, the supposed integration of knowledge, discovery and translation research to clinical care is being particularly hampered. The classification of obesity based on the body mass index does not account for several subtypes of obesity. The lack of a universally shared definition of "obesities" makes it impossible to establish the real burden of the different obesity phenotypes. The individual's genotype, adipotype, enterotype and microbiota interplays with macronutrient intake, appetite, metabolism and thermogenesis. Further investigations based on the concept of differently diagnosed "obesities" are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Yárnoz-Esquiroz
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Olazarán
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Aguas-Ayesa
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carolina M Perdomo
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta García-Goñi
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Camilo Silva
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Javier Escalada
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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203
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Batterham
- Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, UK.
- Bariatric Centre for Weight Management and Metabolic Surgery, University College London Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK.
- UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute of Health Research, London, UK.
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204
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Ohta M, Ahn SM, Seki Y, Yang W, Wong SKH, Udomsawaengsup S, Hamdorf JM, Khaitan M, Kosai NR, Wang W, Lee J, Rudiman R, Wijeratne T, Oliveros E, Wang C, Kasama K. Ten Years of Change in Bariatric/Metabolic Surgery in the Asia-Pacific Region with COVID-19 Pandemic: IFSO-APC National Reports 2021. Obes Surg 2022; 32:2994-3004. [PMID: 35773552 PMCID: PMC9245878 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background On November 25, 2021, the IFSO-Asia–Pacific Chapter (IFSO-APC) Virtual Meeting 2021 was held online, and the representatives from the Asia–Pacific region presented 10 years of change in bariatric/metabolic surgery and the influence of COVID-19 in the special session of “IFSO-APC National Reports 2010–2020”. We herein report the summarized data. Methods National bariatric/metabolic surgery data, which included the data of 2010 and 2020, were collected from the representatives using a questionnaire that consisted of 10 general questions. At the congress, the data were calculated and summarized. Results Thirteen of the 14 national societies responded to the survey. From 2010 to recent years, the populations of individuals with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and individuals with diabetes both significantly increased. Eight countries and regions expanded the lower limit of criteria for bariatric surgery by 2–5 kg/m2 (BMI), and 5 countries newly established criteria for metabolic surgery in the last ten years. Sixty-nine percent of the countries currently run public health insurance systems, which doubled from 2010. The number of bariatric surgeons and institutions increased more than threefold from 2010. In 2010, 2019, and 2020, surgeons in IFSO-APC societies performed 18,280, 66,010, and 49,553 bariatric/metabolic surgeries, respectively. Due to the COVID pandemic, restriction policies significantly reduced access to surgery in South and Southeast Asian countries. The biggest changes included increased numbers of bariatric surgeons and institutions, operation numbers, public insurance coverage, raising awareness, and national registry systems. Conclusion For the last 10 years, bariatric/metabolic surgery has rapidly grown in the Asia–Pacific region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Ohta
- Research Center for GLOBAL and LOCAL Infectious Diseases, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan. .,Departments of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan.
| | - Soo Min Ahn
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Severance Obesity Surgery Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yosuke Seki
- Weight Loss and Metabolic Surgery Center, Yotsuya Medical Cube, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wah Yang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simon Kin-Hung Wong
- Division of Upper Gastrointestinal & Metabolic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suthep Udomsawaengsup
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jeffrey M Hamdorf
- Clinical Training and Evaluation Centre, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Manish Khaitan
- Nobesity Bariatric Center, KD Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nik Ritza Kosai
- Minimally Invasive Upper Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Weu Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - June Lee
- Department of General Surgery, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Reno Rudiman
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Thejana Wijeratne
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Edward Oliveros
- Institute of Surgery, St. Luke's Medical Center, Manila, Philippines
| | - Cunchuan Wang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kazunori Kasama
- Weight Loss and Metabolic Surgery Center, Yotsuya Medical Cube, Tokyo, Japan
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205
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Hooper L, Puhl R, Eisenberg ME, Reicks M, Neumark-Sztainer D. How is weight teasing cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with health behaviors and weight status among ethnically/racially and socioeconomically diverse young people? Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:71. [PMID: 35739552 PMCID: PMC9219184 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Weight stigma is prevalent among young people and harmful to health. The current study used a health equity lens to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between experiencing weight teasing (a form of weight stigma) with a range of weight-related health behaviors and weight status in an ethnically/racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of young people. We also assessed whether ethnicity/race and adolescent socioeconomic status (SES) operated as effect modifiers in these relationships. Methods Adolescents (n = 1568) were enrolled in EAT 2010–2018 (Eating and Activity over Time) and followed into young adulthood. Weight teasing; screen time; moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA); sleep duration; breakfast frequency; fruit, vegetable, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB), and fast-food intake; and body mass index (BMI) were assessed at baseline (mean age = 14.4 years) and eight-year follow-up (mean age = 22.2 years). Multivariate linear regression estimated marginal means and 95% confidence intervals. All analyses adjusted for BMI and sociodemographic characteristics. Results Weight teasing was cross-sectionally associated with longer screen time, shorter sleep duration, and higher BMI during adolescence; and cross-sectionally associated with shorter sleep duration, lower breakfast frequency, higher fast-food intake, higher SSB intake, and higher BMI during young adulthood. In the longitudinal analyses, weight teasing was not associated with health behaviors but did predict higher BMI (teased: 28.2 kg/m2, not teased: 26.4 kg/m2, p < 0.001). White and higher adolescent SES subgroups had higher MVPA, more frequent breakfast intake, lower fast-food intake, and lower BMI than their respective counterparts. The relationships between weight teasing and health behaviors and weight status were largely consistent across ethnic/racial and adolescent SES subgroups. Conclusions Findings add to growing evidence that weight-based mistreatment poses a threat to weight-related health and that young people across ethnic/racial and SES subgroups are vulnerable to the negative effects of weight teasing. Limitations include attrition at follow-up and the self-reported nature of many measures. Results suggest a need for increased attention to existing recommendations to reduce weight stigma in young people from diverse ethnic/racial and socioeconomic backgrounds including training for healthcare providers to better equip them to address the harms of weight teasing and foster more compassionate care to promote health-supporting behaviors in young people. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01307-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hooper
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Suite 300, 1300 S, 2nd St., Minneapolis, MN, 55454-1015, USA. .,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 225 Food Science and Nutrition, 1334 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - Rebecca Puhl
- Department of Human Development & Family Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Connecticut, 348 Mansfield Road, U-1058, Storrs, CT, 06269-1058, USA
| | - Marla E Eisenberg
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, 3rd Floor, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Marla Reicks
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 225 Food Science and Nutrition, 1334 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Suite 300, 1300 S, 2nd St., Minneapolis, MN, 55454-1015, USA
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206
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Atlantis E, John JR, Hocking SL, Peters K, Williams K, Dugdale P, Fahey P. Development and internal validation of the Edmonton Obesity Staging System-2 Risk screening Tool (EOSS-2 Risk Tool) for weight-related health complications: a case-control study in a representative sample of Australian adults with overweight and obesity. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061251. [PMID: 35732401 PMCID: PMC9226953 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excess weight and related health complications remain under diagnosed and poorly treated in general practice. We aimed to develop and validate a brief screening tool for determining the presence of unknown clinically significant weight-related health complications for potential application in general practice. DESIGN We considered 14 self-reported candidate predictors of clinically significant weight-related health complications according to the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS score of ≥2) and developed models using multivariate logistic regression across training and test data sets. The final model was chosen based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and the Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic; and validated using sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We analysed cross-sectional data from the Australian Health Survey 2011-2013 sample aged between 18 and 65 years (n=7518) with at least overweight and obesity. RESULTS An EOSS≥2 classification was present in 78% of the sample. Of 14 candidate risk factors, 6 (family history of diabetes, hypertension, high sugar in blood/urine, high cholesterol and self-reported bodily pain and disability) were automatically included based on definitional or obvious correlational criteria. Three variables were retained in the final multivariate model (age, self-assessed health and history of depression/anxiety). The EOSS-2 Risk Tool (index test) classified 89% of those at 'extremely high risk' (≥25 points), 67% of those at 'very high risk' (7-24 points) and 42% of those at 'high risk' (<7 points) of meeting diagnostic criteria for EOSS≥2 (reference). CONCLUSION The EOSS-2 Risk Tool is a simple, safe and accurate screening tool for diagnostic criteria for clinically significant weight-related complications for potential application in general practice. Research to determine the feasibility and applicability of the EOSS-2 Risk Tool for improving weight management approaches in general practice is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Atlantis
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith South, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, Nepean Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Rufus John
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S L Hocking
- The Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Metabolism & Obesity Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kath Peters
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith South, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathryn Williams
- Charles Perkins Centre - Nepean, The University of Sydney, Nepean, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Blue Mountains Family Metabolic Heath Service, The Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Nepean, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Dugdale
- College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - P Fahey
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith South, New South Wales, Australia
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Ferdinands AR, McHugh TLF, Storey K, Raine KD. "We're categorized in these sizes-that's all we are": uncovering the social organization of young women's weight work through media and fashion. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1193. [PMID: 35705954 PMCID: PMC9199247 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13607-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For decades, dominant weight discourses have led to physical, mental, and social health consequences for young women in larger bodies. While ample literature has documented why these discourses are problematic, knowledge is lacking regarding how they are socially organized within institutions, like fashion and media, that young women encounter across their lifespan. Such knowledge is critical for those in public health trying to shift societal thinking about body weight. Therefore, we aimed to investigate how young women’s weight work is socially organized by discourses enacted in fashion and media, interpreting work generously as any activity requiring thought or intention. Methods Using institutional ethnography, we learned from 14 informants, young women aged 15–21, in Edmonton, Canada about the everyday work of growing up in larger bodies. We conducted 14 individual interviews and five repeated group interviews with a subset (n = 5) of our informants. A collaborative investigation of weight-related YouTube videos (n = 45) elicited further conversations with two informant-researchers about the work of navigating media. Data were integrated and analyzed holistically. Results Noticing the perpetual lack of larger women’s bodies in fashion and media, informants learned from an early age that thinness was required for being seen and heard. Informants responded by performing three types of work: hiding their weight, trying to lose weight, and resisting dominant weight discourses. Resistance work was aided by social media, which offered informants a sense of community and opportunities to learn about alternative ways of knowing weight. However, social media alleging body acceptance or positivity content often still focused on weight loss. While informants recognized the potential harm of engagement with commercial weight loss industries like diet and exercise, they felt compelled to do whatever it might take to achieve a “normal woman body”. Conclusions Despite some positive discursive change regarding body weight acceptance in fashion and media, this progress has had little impact on the weight work socially expected of young women. Findings highlight the need to broaden public health thinking around how weight discourses are (re)produced, calling for intersectoral collaboration to mobilize weight stigma evidence beyond predominantly academic circles into our everyday practices. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13607-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa R Ferdinands
- School of Public Health, Centre for Healthy Communities, University of Alberta, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 - 87 Ave., Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Tara-Leigh F McHugh
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kate Storey
- School of Public Health, Centre for Healthy Communities, University of Alberta, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 - 87 Ave., Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Kim D Raine
- School of Public Health, Centre for Healthy Communities, University of Alberta, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 - 87 Ave., Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
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Social Determinants of Obesity and Stunting among Brazilian Adolescents: A Multilevel Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112334. [PMID: 35684134 PMCID: PMC9183094 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of obesity and stunting among Brazilian adolescents and its associations with social determinants of health (individual, family, and school), grounded on the necessity of investigating the determinants of nutritional problems within this population. (2) Methods: A population-based survey was administered to 16,556 adolescents assessed by the 2015 National School Health Survey. Multivariate models of obesity and stunting were estimated from Multilevel Poisson Regressions. (3) Results: The prevalence of obesity among Brazilian adolescents (10.0%; 95% CI: 9.4–10.6) was associated directly with indifference or dissatisfaction with body image, with eating breakfast four or fewer days a week, living with up to four people in the household, studying in private schools, and being from the South region, and was inversely associated with being female, 15 years old or older, with having the highest nutritional risk eating pattern, dining at fast-food restaurants, and eating while watching television or studying. The prevalence of stunting (2.3%; 95% CI: 2.0–2.8) was directly associated with the age of 15 years or older, and inversely associated with the lower number of residents living in the household, maternal education—decreasing gradient from literate to college level education, studying in urban schools, and being from the South and Central-West regions. (4) Conclusions: Obesity in adolescence presented behavioral determinants. Stunting and obesity have structural social determinants related, respectively, to worse and better socioeconomic position among Brazilian adolescents.
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Schumann R, Eipe N. Body Mass Index, Obesity, and Ambulatory Surgery-Thoughts, Words, and Actions? Anesth Analg 2022; 134:e34-e35. [PMID: 35595699 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Schumann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
| | - Naveen Eipe
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Weight stigma is the devaluation of a person because of excess body weight. Individuals who experience stigmatization are at increased risk for adverse physical and psychological health outcomes. This article provides an overview of weight stigma and the implications for nursing practice and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn J Roberts
- Karyn J. Roberts is an adjunct assistant professor at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine-Department of Pediatrics in Chicago, Ill. and a clinical assistant professor at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UW-Milwaukee) College of Nursing in Milwaukee, Wis., where Michele L. Polfuss is an associate professor. She's also the Joint Research Chair in the Nursing of Children at UW-Milwaukee and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
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Kite J, Huang BH, Laird Y, Grunseit A, McGill B, Williams K, Bellew B, Thomas M. Influence and effects of weight stigmatisation in media: A systematic. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 48:101464. [PMID: 35706492 PMCID: PMC9125650 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of a comprehensive understanding of the role of mass media in perpetuating weight stigma hinders policy formulation. We reviewed the influence of mass media on weight stigmatisation and the effectiveness of media-based interventions designed to prevent or reduce stigma. METHODS We conducted a systematic review across seven databases from inception to December 2021. Included studies assessed exposure to or impact of weight stigma in mass media or examined interventions to reduce stigma through media in populations 12+ years. We synthesised data narratively, categorising studies based on similarity in focus to produce a set of integrated findings. The systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (No. CRD42020176306). FINDINGS One-hundred-and-thirteen records were eligible for inclusion from 2402 identified; 95 examined the prevalence of stigmatising content in mass media and its impact on stigma. Weight stigma was prevalent across media types, with the dominant discourse viewing overweight and obesity as an individual responsibility and overlooking systemic factors. Exposure to stigmatising content was found to negatively influence attitudes towards people with overweight or obesity. Few studies considered methods of reducing stigma in the media, with only two testing media-based interventions; their results were promising but limited. INTERPRETATION Weight stigma in media content is prevalent and harmful, but there is little guidance on reducing it. Future research focus needs to shift from assessing prevalence and impacts to weight stigma interventions. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kite
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Bo-Huei Huang
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yvonne Laird
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Grunseit
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bronwyn McGill
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn Williams
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Kingswood, NSW, Australia
| | - Bill Bellew
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Margaret Thomas
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Canfell OJ, Littlewood R, Wright ORL, Walker JL. "We'd be really motivated to do something about it": a qualitative study of parent and clinician attitudes towards predicting childhood obesity in practice. Health Promot J Austr 2022; 34:398-409. [PMID: 35504851 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED In Australia, one-in-four (24.9%) children live with overweight or obesity (OW/OB). Identifying infants at-risk of developing childhood OW/OB is a potential preventive pathway but its acceptability is yet to be investigated in Australia. This study aimed to (1) investigate acceptability of predicting childhood OW/OB with parents of infants (aged 0-2 years) and clinicians and (2) explore key language to address stigma and maximise the acceptability of predicting childhood OW/OB in practice. METHODS Cross-sectional and qualitative design, comprising individual semi-structured interviews. Participants were multidisciplinary paediatric clinicians (n=18) and parents (n=13) recruited across public hospitals and health services in Queensland, Australia. Data were analysed under the Framework Method using an inductive, thematic approach. RESULTS Five main themes were identified: (1) Optimism for prevention and childhood obesity prediction (2) Parent dedication to child's health (3) Adverse parent response to risk for childhood obesity (4) Language and phrasing for discussing weight and risk (5) Clinical delivery. Most participants were supportive of using a childhood OW/OB prediction tool in practice. Parents expressed dedication to their child's health that superseded potential feelings of judgment or blame. When discussing weight in a clinical setting, the use of sensitive (i.e. 'overweight', 'above average', 'growth' versus 'obesity') and positive, health-focused language was mostly supported. CONCLUSIONS Multidisciplinary paediatric clinicians and parents generally accept the concept of predicting childhood OW/OB in practice in Queensland, Australia. SO WHAT?: Clinicians, public health and health promotion professionals and policymakers can act now to implement sensitive communication strategies concerning weight and obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Canfell
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Department of Health, Queensland Government, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.,UQ Business School, Faculty of Business, Economics and Law, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Health and Wellbeing Queensland, Queensland Government, The State of Queensland, Milton QLD, Australia
| | - Robyn Littlewood
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Department of Health, Queensland Government, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Health and Wellbeing Queensland, Queensland Government, The State of Queensland, Milton QLD, Australia
| | - Olivia R L Wright
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jacqueline L Walker
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Health and Wellbeing Queensland, Queensland Government, The State of Queensland, Milton QLD, Australia
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213
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Jebeile H, Kelly AS, O'Malley G, Baur LA. Obesity in children and adolescents: epidemiology, causes, assessment, and management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2022; 10:351-365. [PMID: 35248172 PMCID: PMC9831747 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This Review describes current knowledge on the epidemiology and causes of child and adolescent obesity, considerations for assessment, and current management approaches. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, obesity prevalence in children and adolescents had plateaued in many high-income countries despite levels of severe obesity having increased. However, in low-income and middle-income countries, obesity prevalence had risen. During the pandemic, weight gain among children and adolescents has increased in several jurisdictions. Obesity is associated with cardiometabolic and psychosocial comorbidity as well as premature adult mortality. The development and perpetuation of obesity is largely explained by a bio-socioecological framework, whereby biological predisposition, socioeconomic, and environmental factors interact together to promote deposition and proliferation of adipose tissue. First-line treatment approaches include family-based behavioural obesity interventions addressing diet, physical activity, sedentary behaviours, and sleep quality, underpinned by behaviour change strategies. Evidence for intensive dietary approaches, pharmacotherapy, and metabolic and bariatric surgery as supplemental therapies are emerging; however, access to these therapies is scarce in most jurisdictions. Research is still needed to inform the personalisation of treatment approaches of obesity in children and adolescents and their translation to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Jebeile
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Aaron S Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Grace O'Malley
- School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; Child and Adolescent Obesity Service, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise A Baur
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Weight Management Services, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
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214
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Fisch C, Whelan J, Evans S, Whitaker LA, Gajjar S, Ali L, Fugate C, Puhl R, Hartwell M. Use of person-centred language among scientific research focused on childhood obesity. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12879. [PMID: 34928545 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma towards children with obesity can begin as early as 3 years old, leading to increased risk for poorer mental health outcomes and lower quality of life. This includes discriminatory language used by peers and adults, which may be compounded by use within the medical community and in published research. OBJECTIVES Our primary objective was to investigate adherence to person-centred language (PCL) in childhood obesity-related medical publications. METHODS We searched PubMed for childhood obesity-related articles from 2018 through 2020, from journals frequently publishing childhood-obesity-related research. Articles were randomized and searched for a list of predetermined, stigmatizing terms. RESULTS Of the sample of 300 articles, only 21.7% were adherent to PCL guidelines. The most frequent labels found were 'obese' appearing in 70.33% of articles and 'overweight' in 63.7%. Labels such as 'chubby', 'large', and 'fat' were less common, but still appeared in the medical literature. CONCLUSIONS A majority of childhood obesity-related articles did not adhere to PCL guidelines. Given the negative effects of stigma among children with obesity, it is imperative to advocate for PCL use within the medical community. Increased stringency by journal editors and publishers may be the next step in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fisch
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - John Whelan
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sheridan Evans
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Liza-Ann Whitaker
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences at Cherokee Nation, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Swapnil Gajjar
- Department of Industrial Engineering & Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lamiaa Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Colony Fugate
- Department of Pediatrics, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rebecca Puhl
- Department of Human Development & Family Sciences, Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Micah Hartwell
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
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215
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Hooper L, Mason SM, Telke S, Larson N, Neumark-Sztainer D. Experiencing Household Food Insecurity During Adolescence Predicts Disordered Eating and Elevated Body Mass Index 8 Years Later. J Adolesc Health 2022; 70:788-795. [PMID: 35078732 PMCID: PMC9038678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Growing evidence indicates that experiencing household food insecurity during adolescence is associated with disordered eating and elevated body mass index (BMI). However, little is known about the temporal nature of these relationships. The current longitudinal study examined how adolescent experiences of household food insecurity are related to disordered eating and weight status 8 years later. METHODS A population-based sample of ethnically/racially and socioeconomically diverse participants (n = 1,340) were surveyed as adolescents (mean age = 14.5 years) and as young adults (mean age = 22.0 years). Parents/caregivers completed the six-item U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module at baseline. RESULTS Household food insecurity was common at baseline (37.8% of sample). In analyses adjusted for ethnicity/race and parental education, adolescent food insecurity longitudinally predicted a higher new onset of binge eating (food insecure: 21.3% vs. food secure: 16.2%, p = .038) and BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (food insecure: 15.9% vs. food secure: 11.0%, p = .024), but not unhealthy weight control behaviors in young adulthood. The majority of adolescents with unhealthy weight control behaviors and elevated BMI still had these problems in young adulthood, but persistence was not associated with adolescent household food insecurity for any outcome. DISCUSSION Results of this longitudinal study suggest that household food insecurity during adolescence is a risk factor for disordered eating and elevated BMI in young adulthood, highlighting a need to comprehensively address these intersecting problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hooper
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Susan M Mason
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Susan Telke
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Nicole Larson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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216
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Brown A, Flint SW, Batterham RL. Pervasiveness, impact and implications of weight stigma. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 47:101408. [PMID: 35497065 PMCID: PMC9046114 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Evidence has accumulated to demonstrate the pervasiveness, impact and implications of weight stigma. As such, there is a need for concerted efforts to address weight stigma and discrimination that is evident within, policy, healthcare, media, workplaces, and education. The continuation of weight stigma, which is known to have a negative impact on mental and physical health, threatens the societal values of equality, diversity, and inclusion. This health policy review provides an analysis of the research evidence highlighting the widespread nature of weight stigma, its impact on health policy and the need for action at a policy level. We propose short- and medium-term recommendations to address weight stigma and in doing so, highlight the need change across society to be part of efforts to end weight stigma and discrimination. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Brown
- UCL Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, Greater London, United Kingdom
- Bariatric Centre for Weight Management and Metabolic Surgery, University College London Hospital NHS Trust, London, Greater London, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, Greater London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart W. Flint
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JU, United Kingdom
- Scaled Insights, Nexus, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire United Kingdom
- Corresponding author at: School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JU, United Kingdom.
| | - Rachel L. Batterham
- UCL Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, Greater London, United Kingdom
- Bariatric Centre for Weight Management and Metabolic Surgery, University College London Hospital NHS Trust, London, Greater London, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, Greater London, United Kingdom
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217
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Carrieri P, Mourad A, Marcellin F, Trylesinski A, Calleja JL, Protopopescu C, Lazarus JV. Knowledge of liver fibrosis stage among adults with NAFLD/NASH improves adherence to lifestyle changes. Liver Int 2022; 42:984-994. [PMID: 35220673 PMCID: PMC9310954 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Though lifestyle interventions can reverse disease progression in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH), unawareness about disease severity might compromise behavioural changes. Data from this first international cross-sectional survey of individuals with NAFLD/NASH were used to identify correlates of both unawareness about fibrosis stage and its association with adherence to lifestyle adjustments. METHODS Adults with NAFLD/NASH registered on the platform Carenity were invited to participate in an online 20-min, six-section survey in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom to describe their experience with NAFLD/NASH and its care (N = 1411). Weighted binary and multinomial logistic regressions were performed to estimate the effect of explanatory variables on unawareness of fibrosis stage and poor adherence to lifestyle changes respectively. RESULTS In the study group, 15.5% had obesity and 59.2% did not know their fibrosis stage. After multiple adjustments, individuals with a body mass index (BMI) ≥35 were over twice as likely to not know their fibrosis stage. People with a BMI >30 had a threefold higher risk of having poor adherence to lifestyle changes. Unawareness about fibrosis stage was also significantly associated with poor adherence to lifestyle adjustments. CONCLUSIONS As fibrosis stage is becoming the main predictor of NAFLD progression, improving patient-provider communication-especially for people with obesity-about liver fibrosis stage, its associated risks and how to mitigate them, is needed. Training for healthcare professionals and promoting patient educational programmes to support behaviour changes should also be included in the liver health agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Carrieri
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAMMarseilleFrance
| | - Abbas Mourad
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAMMarseilleFrance
| | - Fabienne Marcellin
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAMMarseilleFrance
| | | | - José Luis Calleja
- Department of GastroenterologyHospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de MajadahondaMadridSpain
| | - Camelia Protopopescu
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAMMarseilleFrance
| | - Jeffrey V. Lazarus
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital ClínicUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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218
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Garcia FK, Verkooijen KT, Veen EJ, Mulder BC, Koelen MA, Hazebroek EJ. Stigma Toward Bariatric Surgery in the Netherlands, France, and the United Kingdom: Protocol for a Cross-cultural Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e36753. [PMID: 35482364 PMCID: PMC9100527 DOI: 10.2196/36753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bariatric surgery is an effective procedure for the treatment of obesity. Despite this, only 0.1% to 2% of eligible individuals undergo surgery worldwide. The stigma surrounding surgery might be a reason for this. Thus far, no research has systematically studied the nature and implications of bariatric surgery stigma. The limited studies on bariatric surgery stigma are often conducted from the perspective of the public or health care professions and either use small and nonrepresentative samples or fail to capture the full essence and implications of the stigma altogether, including attitudes toward patients and perpetrators of the stigma. In addition, studies from patients’ perspectives are limited and tend to address bariatric surgery stigma superficially or implicitly. Finally, the extent to which cultural factors shape and facilitate this stigma and the experiences of patients have not yet been researched. Objective This study aimed to explore the perceptions, experiences, and consequences of bariatric surgery stigma from the perspective of the public, health care professionals, and patients before and after bariatric surgery. Furthermore, although the concept of stigma is universal, every society has specific cultural norms and values that define acceptable attributes and behaviors for its members. Therefore, this study also aimed to explore the extent to which cultural factors influence bariatric surgery stigma by comparing the Netherlands, France, and the United Kingdom. Methods This paper describes the protocol for a multiphase mixed methods research design. In the first part, we will conduct a scoping review to determine the current knowledge on bariatric surgery stigma and identify knowledge gaps. In the second part, semistructured interviews among patients before and after bariatric surgery will be conducted to explore their experiences and consequences of bariatric surgery stigma. In the third part, surveys will be conducted among both the public and health care professionals to determine the prevalence, nature, and impact of bariatric surgery stigma. Surveys and interviews will be conducted in the Netherlands, France, and the United Kingdom. Finally, data integration will be conducted at the interpretation and reporting levels. Results The study began in September 2020 and will continue through September 2025. With the results of the review, we will create an overview of the current knowledge regarding bariatric surgery stigma from patients’ perspectives. Qualitative data will provide insights into patients’ experiences with bariatric surgery stigma. Quantitative data will provide information related to the prevalence and nature of bariatric surgery stigma from the perspective of the public and health care professionals. Both qualitative and quantitative data will be compared for each country. Conclusions The findings from this study will lead to new insights that can be used to develop strategies to reduce bariatric surgery stigma and improve access, use, and outcomes of bariatric surgery. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/36753
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Affiliation(s)
- Franshelis K Garcia
- Health and Society, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kirsten T Verkooijen
- Health and Society, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Esther J Veen
- Rural Sociology, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Almere University of Applied Sciences, Almere, Netherlands
| | - Bob C Mulder
- Strategic Communication, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Maria A Koelen
- Health and Society, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Eric J Hazebroek
- Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Bariatric Surgery, Vitalys, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, Netherlands
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219
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Halpern B, Mancini MC, de Melo ME, Lamounier RN, Moreira RO, Carra MK, Kyle TK, Cercato C, Boguszewski CL. Proposal of an obesity classification based on weight history: an official document by the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM) and the Brazilian Society for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO). ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:139-151. [PMID: 35420271 PMCID: PMC9832894 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease associated with impaired physical and mental health. A widespread view in the treatment of obesity is that the goal is to normalize the individual's body mass index (BMI). However, a modest weight loss (usually above 5%) is already associated with clinical improvement, while weight losses of 10%-15% bring even further benefits, independent from the final BMI. The percentage of weight reduction is accepted as a treatment goal since a greater decrease in weight is frequently difficult to achieve due to metabolic adaptation along with environmental and lifestyle factors. In this document, the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM) and the Brazilian Society for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO) propose a new obesity classification based on the maximum weight attained in life (MWAL). In this classification, individuals losing a specific proportion of weight are classified as having "reduced" or "controlled" obesity. This simple classification - which is not intended to replace others but to serve as an adjuvant tool - could help disseminate the concept of clinical benefits derived from modest weight loss, allowing individuals with obesity and their health care professionals to focus on strategies for weight maintenance instead of further weight reduction. In future studies, this proposed classification can also be an important tool to evaluate possible differences in therapeutic outcomes between individuals with similar BMIs but different weight trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Halpern
- Centro de Obesidade, Hospital 9 de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brasil,
| | - Marcio C Mancini
- Grupo de Obesidade e Síndrome Metabólica, Departamento de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Edna de Melo
- Grupo de Obesidade e Síndrome Metabólica, Departamento de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Rodrigo O Moreira
- Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Mario K Carra
- Grupo de Diabetes, Departamento de Endocrinologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Cintia Cercato
- Grupo de Obesidade e Síndrome Metabólica, Departamento de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Presidente Associação Brasileira para o Estudo da Obesidade e Síndrome Metabólica (ABESO), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Cesar Luiz Boguszewski
- Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia (SEMPR), Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.,Presidente da Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo (SBEM), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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220
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Carol M, Pérez-Guasch M, Solà E, Cervera M, Martínez S, Juanola A, Ma AT, Avitabile E, Napoleone L, Pose E, Graupera I, Honrubia M, Korenjak M, Torres F, Ginès P, Fabrellas N. Stigmatization is common in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and correlates with quality of life. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265153. [PMID: 35385510 PMCID: PMC8986095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Stigmatization is a well-documented problem of some diseases. Perceived stigma is common in alcohol-related liver disease and hepatitis C, but little information exists on stigma in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Aim of the study was to investigate frequency and characteristics of perceived stigma among patients with NAFLD. METHODS One-hundred and ninety-seven patients seen at the liver clinic were included: a study group of 144 patients with NAFLD, 50 with cirrhosis (34 compensated, 16 decompensated), and a control group of 53 patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected. Quality-of-life was assessed by chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ). Perceived stigma was assessed using a specific questionnaire for patients with liver diseases categorized in 4 domains: stereotypes, discrimination, shame, and social isolation. RESULTS Perceived stigma was common in patients with NAFLD (99 patients, 69%) and affected all 4 domains assessed. The frequency was slightly higher, yet not significant, in patients with NAFLD cirrhosis vs those without (72% vs 67%, respectively; p = 0.576). In patients without cirrhosis perceived stigma was unrelated to stage of disease, since frequency was similar in patients with no or mild fibrosis compared to those with moderate/severe fibrosis (66% vs 68%, respectively). There were no differences in perceived stigma between patients with compensated cirrhosis and these with decompensated cirrhosis. Among patients with cirrhosis, stigmatization was more common in alcohol-related vs NAFLD-cirrhosis, yet differences were only significant in two domains. In patients with NAFLD, perceived stigma correlated with poor quality-of-life, but not with demographic or clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS Perceived stigmatization is common among patients with NAFLD independently of disease stage, is associated with impaired quality-of-life, and may be responsible for stereotypes, discrimination, shame, and social isolation, which may affect human and social rights of affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Carol
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martina Pérez-Guasch
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elsa Solà
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Cervera
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sara Martínez
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Adrià Juanola
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ann T Ma
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Emma Avitabile
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Napoleone
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elisa Pose
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Isabel Graupera
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria Honrubia
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marko Korenjak
- European Liver Patients Association (ELPA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ferran Torres
- Medical Statistics Core Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pere Ginès
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Fabrellas
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Crockett KB, Borgatti A, Tan F, Tang Z, Dutton G. Weight Discrimination Experienced Prior to Enrolling in a Behavioral Obesity Intervention is Associated with Treatment Response Among Black and White Adults in the Southeastern U.S. Int J Behav Med 2022; 29:152-159. [PMID: 34341957 PMCID: PMC9125874 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-021-10009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study evaluated the associations between history of weight discrimination and race on pre-treatment depressive symptoms, treatment session attendance, and weight loss among Black and White adults enrolled in a 16-week obesity intervention. METHODS Participants (N = 271; mean BMI = 35.7 kg/m2; 59% Black; 92% women) reported prior experiences of weight discrimination and completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale at baseline. Weekly attendance at group sessions was recorded, and weight was measured at baseline and post-treatment. All models adjusted for baseline BMI, age, and sex. RESULTS Participants with a history of weight discrimination scored 2.4 points higher on the CES-D (B = 2.432, p = .012) and lost 2% less weight relative to those without weight discrimination (B = 0.023, p = .002). Race modified the association between weight discrimination and treatment session attendance, such that Black individuals attended fewer sessions if they had prior experience of weight discrimination, but prior weight discrimination was not significantly associated with treatment attendance among White individuals. CONCLUSION Weight discrimination is associated with pre-treatment depressive symptoms and may hinder weight loss regardless of race. Black individuals may attend fewer weight loss treatment sessions if they have prior experience of weight discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee B Crockett
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama At Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Alena Borgatti
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama At Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Fei Tan
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, School of Science, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Ziting Tang
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, School of Science, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Gareth Dutton
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama At Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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de Macêdo PFC, Nepomuceno CMM, Dos Santos NS, Queiroz VADO, Pereira EM, Leal LDC, Santos LADS, Nascimento LF, Martins PC, de Santana MLP. Weight stigma in the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:44. [PMID: 35351201 PMCID: PMC8961493 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight stigma is a phenomenon associated with adverse behavioural and psychological consequences. Although experts suggest that its increase during the COVID-19 pandemic may be associated with worse health outcomes for people with obesity, a thorough analysis of the main findings and gaps is still needed when relating to this subject. OBJECTIVE We aim to answer three questions: (1) How does weight stigma manifest in the COVID-19 pandemic? (2) How can weight stigma affect people with overweight or obesity in times of COVID-19? (3) What are the perceptions and experiences of weight stigma during the pandemic in individuals who experience overweight or obesity? METHODS We conducted a scoping review of studies addressing weight stigma and the COVID-19 pandemic in electronic databases (Medline/PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycInfo, BVS/Lilacs, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and OpenGrey) published until 10th August 2021. All relevant studies were reviewed in full by two researchers. In addition, a narrative synthesis of the data was performed. RESULTS The results included 35 studies out of 8,090 records and identified 13 original research publications, 14 text and opinion papers, and 6 narrative reviews. The results revealed the presence of weight stigma in the media, healthcare settings, interpersonal relationships, and public campaigns during the COVID-19 pandemic. The evidence of increasing weight stigma in the COVID-19 outbreak is limited, though. Many weight discrimination consequences were described during this time, such as impairment in accessing healthcare, worst COVID-19 outcomes, and maladaptive eating. However, only maladaptive behaviours and decline in mental health outcomes were demonstrated empirically in all age groups. This effect occurred regardless of body mass index, but people with high body weight were more likely to experience weight stigma. For some people with obesity, weight stigma in the pandemic has made activities of daily routine difficult. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that weight stigma in the COVID-19 pandemic occurs in several settings; moreover, although weight discrimination impacts mental health, whether before or during the pandemic, this influence between the pandemic and pre-pandemic scenario is still unclear. Therefore, more research is required in this field while the pandemic lasts, especially with people with obesity. Overall, people with overweight or obesity are more vulnerable to weight stigma than individuals without overweight. In addition, weight stigma refers to discrimination or prejudice based on a person's weight and relates to several consequences, for instance, poor healthcare treatment and mental health problems. In the COVID-19 outbreak, these weight stigma effects tend to become even more critical because they may be associated with unfavourable COVID-19 outcomes and eating disorder risks. Thus, it is crucial to investigate how weight stigma occurs during the pandemic and its impact on health, mainly for the most affected people. We investigated 35 studies published between 2019 and 2021 to map and explore how weight stigma was manifested and the related consequences for people with overweight or obesity in the COVID-19 pandemic. Only about a third of them were quantitative or qualitative, limiting the evidence of weight stigma in the COVID-19 context. The available evidence suggests that weight stigma manifests in several settings such as media, healthcare, public campaigns, and is more common in people with excess weight. However, weight discrimination experiences before or during the pandemic were associated with adverse psychological and behavioural consequences across all age groups, regardless of body weight. For some people with obesity, for instance, weight stigma made it difficult to accomplish their activities of daily routine. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether weight stigma has increased in the pandemic, thus, more studies are required, especially about people with overweight or obesity.
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Lahtio H, Rintala A, Immonen J, Sjögren T. The Effectiveness of Physical Activity-Promoting Web- and Mobile-Based Distance Weight Loss Interventions on Body Composition in Rehabilitation Settings: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-Regression Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e25906. [PMID: 35323126 PMCID: PMC8990343 DOI: 10.2196/25906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are major problems worldwide, and they lead to an increased risk for several diseases. The use of technology in the treatment of obesity is promising, but in the existing literature, there is considerable uncertainty regarding its efficacy. In this review, we included web- and mobile-based weight loss interventions that were implemented remotely in rehabilitation settings. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review is to study the effectiveness of physical activity-promoting web- and mobile-based distance weight loss interventions in rehabilitation settings on body composition in comparison with control groups that did not use technology. METHODS Studies were searched from 9 databases. The inclusion criteria were as follows: population: age 18-65 years; intervention: physical activity-promoting web- and mobile-based distance weight loss interventions; comparison: control groups without the use of technology; outcome: changes in BMI, waist circumference, or body fat percentage; study design: randomized controlled trial. The quality of the studies was assessed by 2 researchers. Meta-analysis was performed, and we also conducted a meta-regression analysis to evaluate the factors associated with the changes in body composition outcomes if statistical heterogeneity was observed. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 30 studies. The mean quality of the studies was 7 of 13 (SD 1.9; range 3-10). A statistically significant difference was observed in BMI (mean difference [MD] 0.83, 95% CI 0.51-1.15 kg/m2; P<.001), waist circumference (MD 2.45, 95% CI 1.83-3.07 cm; P<.001), and body fat percentage (MD 1.07%, 95% CI 0.74%-1.41%; P<.001) in favor of the weight loss groups using web- or mobile-based interventions. Meta-regression analyses found an association between personal feedback and BMI (P=.04), but other factors did not play a role in explaining statistical heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Web- and mobile-based distance weight loss interventions significantly reduced BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage. Future studies should focus on the comparability of the intervention content. Future studies are needed to better understand weight loss and identify which components are essential in achieving it. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42016035831; https://tinyurl.com/7c93tvd4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Lahtio
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, The University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Faculty of Social Services and Health Care, LAB University of Applied Sciences, Lahti, Finland
| | - Aki Rintala
- Faculty of Social Services and Health Care, LAB University of Applied Sciences, Lahti, Finland.,Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jaakko Immonen
- Faculty of Mathematics and Science, The University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuulikki Sjögren
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, The University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explores patients' acceptance of obesity as a chronic disease. DESIGN Cross-sectional, qualitative study using semistructured phone interviews. SETTING The study was conducted in specialty and primary care clinics from a single central tertiary hospital in Lebanon. Recruitment took place between February and March 2021. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS 25 adult patients with overweight or obesity were interviewed and the interviews were analysed thematically. RESULTS Four themes emerged: (1) patients' knowledge and awareness of obesity are based on their own experience; (2) there is ambivalence or conditional acceptance of obesity as a chronic disease; and patients with overweight or obesity perceived (3) that the role of physicians in obesity management is related to complications and (4) that obesity management is as simple as eating less and exercising more. CONCLUSIONS The study shows the studied population's ambivalence in accepting obesity as a chronic disease. Individuals with overweight or obesity considered the role of the healthcare professional in obesity conditional on morbid obesity and the presence of medical complications of obesity. Findings of this study advocate for educational campaigns about the nature of obesity as a chronic disease and the role of healthcare professionals in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natally AlArab
- Family Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jumana Antoun
- Family Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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225
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Jais A, Brüning JC. Arcuate Nucleus-Dependent Regulation of Metabolism-Pathways to Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:314-328. [PMID: 34490882 PMCID: PMC8905335 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) receives information from afferent neurons, circulating hormones, and absorbed nutrients and integrates this information to orchestrate the actions of the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous systems in maintaining systemic metabolic homeostasis. Particularly the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) is of pivotal importance for primary sensing of adiposity signals, such as leptin and insulin, and circulating nutrients, such as glucose. Importantly, energy state-sensing neurons in the ARC not only regulate feeding but at the same time control multiple physiological functions, such as glucose homeostasis, blood pressure, and innate immune responses. These findings have defined them as master regulators, which adapt integrative physiology to the energy state of the organism. The disruption of this fine-tuned control leads to an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure as well as deregulation of peripheral metabolism. Improving our understanding of the cellular, molecular, and functional basis of this regulatory principle in the CNS could set the stage for developing novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we summarize novel insights with a particular emphasis on ARC neurocircuitries regulating food intake and glucose homeostasis and sensing factors that inform the brain of the organismal energy status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jais
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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226
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Sánchez-Carracedo D. El estigma de la obesidad y su impacto en la salud: una revisión narrativa. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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227
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Santos LLM, Diniz MDFHS, Goulart AC, Barreto SM, Figueiredo RC. Association between neck circumference and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: cross-sectional analysis from ELSA-Brasil. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 140:213-221. [PMID: 35043830 PMCID: PMC9610241 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0095.r2.22062021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a public health problem worldwide. Neck circumference (NC) is a simple anthropometric adiposity parameter that has been correlated with cardiometabolic disorders like NAFLD. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between NC and NAFLD, considering their obesity-modifying effect, among participants from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) baseline study. DESIGN AND SETTINGS Cross-sectional study at the ELSA-Brasil centers of six public research institutions. METHODS This analysis was conducted on 5,187 women and 4,270 men of mean age 51.8 (± 9.2) years. Anthropometric indexes (NC, waist circumference [WC] and body mass index [BMI]), biochemical and clinical parameters (diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia) and hepatic ultrasound were measured. The association between NC and NAFLD was estimated using multinomial logistic regression, considering potential confounding effects (age, WC, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia). Effect modification was investigated by including the interaction term NC x BMI in the final model. RESULTS The frequency of NAFLD and mean value of NC were 33.6% and 33.9 (± 2.5) cm in women, and 45.8% and 39.4 (± 2.8) cm in men, respectively. Even after all adjustments, larger NC was associated with a greater chance of moderate/severe NAFLD (1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] for women; 1.05, 95% CI for men; P < 0.001). Presence of multiplicative interaction between NC and BMI (P < 0.001) was also observed. CONCLUSION NC was positively associated with NAFLD in both sexes, regardless of traditional adiposity indexes such as BMI and WC. The magnitude of the association was more pronounced among women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandra Carvalho Goulart
- MD, PhD. Clinical Epidemiologist and Researcher, Center of Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo (HU-USP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Sandhi Maria Barreto
- MD, PhD. Professor, Medical School and Clinical Hospital, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil.
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228
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Sagi-Dain L, Echar M, Paska-Davis N. How to talk with patients about weight? Viewpoints of 1697 individuals with overweight and obesity. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2022; 105:497-501. [PMID: 34620519 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the preferences of individuals with overweight and obesity regarding the optimal approach for discussing the excess weight during medical appointments. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted by distribution of an anonymous questionnaire in social media platforms during September 2020, aiming for respondents with body mass index over 25 kg/m2. RESULTS The questionnaire was completed by 1697 participants, mostly female. Only 14.5% agreed that the weight issue should be brought up at medical appointments, while 69.3% preferred health practitioners to ask for a preliminary agreement to talk about the excess weight. The participants were frequently advised to lose weight without them wanting to talk about this (65.0%), when the reason for their appointment was irrelevant to the excess weight (60.4%), and without receiving any effective and practical tools on losing weight (60.1%). CONCLUSIONS Health practitioners should ask the patient for a preliminary permission to discuss the issue of excess weight during medical appointments. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Discussing the subject of weight during medical appointments should be done in a sensitive and respectful manner. Health practitioners should learn more about the numerous reasons for obesity, the adverse effects of weight stigmatization, and the practical tools to lose weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Sagi-Dain
- Genetics Institute, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Moran Echar
- Genetics Institute, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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229
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Oswald F, Champion A, Pedersen CL. The Influence of Body Shape on Impressions of Sexual Traits. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:330-343. [PMID: 33179978 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2020.1841723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The assumptions people make from body shape can have serious implications for the well-being of the individuals inhabiting such bodies. Fat people are subject to pervasive and resilient social stigma and discrimination, leading to negative mental and physical health outcomes, including negative sexuality-related outcomes. Though previous studies have examined the personality traits attributed to, or the sexual attractiveness of, varying body shapes, no research has asked participants to make attributions of sexual traits to varying body shapes. The purpose of this study was thus to examine sexuality-related trait inferences made from body shapes. Participants (N = 891, 70% women, Mage = 25.28) were randomly assigned to view 5 computer-generated 3-dimensional body models of varying shapes developed using the skinned multi-person linear model. Participants rated their sexual attraction to each body and the degree to which each of 30 traits (10 personality and 20 sexual) applied. Results demonstrated that larger bodies are generally viewed as less sexually attractive. Further, constellations of sexuality traits were predicted reliably by body shape, demonstrating that people hold sexual stereotypes about a diverse range of body shapes. This study provides an initial comprehensive demonstration of the sexuality-specific traits associated with varying body shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Oswald
- Departments of Psychology and Women's, Gender, & Sexuality Studies, Pennsylvania State University
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230
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Busetto L, Sbraccia P, Vettor R. Obesity management: at the forefront against disease stigma and therapeutic inertia. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:761-768. [PMID: 34052990 PMCID: PMC8933346 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex chronic relapsing disease, resulting from the interaction between multiple environmental, genetic and epigenetic causes, and supported by changes in the neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating energy balance and body weight. Adipose tissue dysfunction contributes to obesity-related complications. However, the prevalent narrative about the causes and mechanisms of obesity remains a much more simplistic one, based on the false assumption that individuals can fully control their body weight through appropriate behavioural choices. According to this narrative, obesity is simply reversible "persuading" the patient to follow healthier and more virtuous individual behaviours (moral judgement). This persistent narrative forms the deep root of the stigmatisation of people with obesity at the individual level and creates a clear discrepancy on how obesity prevention and cure are designed in comparison with the case of other non-communicable chronic diseases (clinical stigma). The promotion of systemic preventive measures against obesity is not supported at a political and social level by the persistence of a narrative of obesity as the simple consequence of individual failures and lack of willpower. The simplistic narrative of obesity as a self-imposed condition with an easy way-out ("eat less and move more") creates a clear discrepancy on how obesity is managed by health care systems in comparison with other NCDs. The over-estimation of the efficacy of therapeutic intervention solely based on patients education and lifestyle modification is responsible of therapeutic inertia in health care professionals and in clinical guidelines, limiting or delaying the adoption of more effective therapeutic strategies, like anti-obesity medications and bariatric surgery. In conclusion, the persistence of a narrative describing obesity as a self-induced easily reversible condition has profound consequences on how obesity prevention and management are build, including the design and implementation of obesity management guidelines and a tendency to therapeutic inertia.Level of evidence: No level of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Busetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
- Clinica Medica 3, Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | - Paolo Sbraccia
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Clinica Medica 3, Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
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231
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Chen C, Gonzales L. Understanding weight stigma in eating disorder treatment: Development and initial validation of a treatment-based stigma scale. J Health Psychol 2022; 27:3028-3045. [PMID: 35212230 DOI: 10.1177/13591053221079177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight stigma is a well-established risk factor for eating disorder pathology, and it is prevalent among healthcare professionals. The current investigation developed and psychometrically validated the Scale for Treatment-based Experiences of Weight Stigma (STEWS) for patient-centered assessment of weight-stigmatizing experiences in eating disorder treatment. Former eating disorder patients (N = 142) with a body-mass-index greater than 25.0 were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk. The STEWS demonstrated good internal consistency, convergent validity with widely used weight stigma scales, and incremental validity in predicting eating disorder symptomatology. The STEWS is the first psychometrically sound instrument for treatment-based weight stigma in eating disorder recovery.
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232
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Braun TD, Unick JL, Abrantes AM, Dalrymple K, Conboy LA, Schifano E, Park CL, Lazar S. Intuitive eating buffers the link between internalized weight stigma and body mass index in stressed adults. Appetite 2022; 169:105810. [PMID: 34813916 PMCID: PMC9434977 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Internalized weight stigma (IWS) is independently associated with less intuitive eating (i.e., eating based on endogenous hunger/satiety cues) and higher Body Mass Index (BMI), and intuitive eating training is commonly conceptualized as protective against the effects of IWS on poor behavioral health. The 3-way relationship between IWS, intuitive eating, and BMI has yet to be examined, and it is unclear whether the link between IWS and BMI is buffered by high intuitive eating. This secondary preliminary analysis examined baseline data of stressed adults with poor diet (N = 75, 70% female, 64.1% White, 42.7% with overweight/obesity) in a parent clinical trial that tested the effects of yoga on diet and stress. Validated self-report surveys of IWS and intuitive eating were analyzed with objectively-assessed BMI. Moderated regression analyses using the SPSS PROCESS macro tested whether intuitive eating moderated the IWS-BMI link. The analysis revealed IWS was positively associated with BMI except among people with high intuitive eating. Results extend observational findings linking intuitive eating to lower BMI, and offer preliminary support for the hypothesis that this link may hold even among those with greater IWS. It's possible that individuals with lower BMI and greater IWS may gravitate more towards intuitive eating than those with greater BMI, and/or intuitive eating may be an important target for ameliorating the adverse association of IWS with behavioral and physical health indicators linked to BMI. Continued work is warranted in larger, more generalizable samples using causal and prospective designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosca D. Braun
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Storrs, CT 06269-1020,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Medicine at Brown University,Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 196 Richmond St., Providence, RI, 02903
| | - Jessica L. Unick
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Medicine at Brown University,Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital, 196 Richmond St., Providence, RI, 02903
| | - Ana M. Abrantes
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Medicine at Brown University,Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital
| | - Kristy Dalrymple
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Medicine at Brown University,Lifespan Physician’s Group, 146 West River Street, Suite 11B, Providence, RI 02904
| | - Lisa A. Conboy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston MA 02215,New England School of Acupuncture, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
| | - Elizabeth Schifano
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, 215 Glenbrook Road U4120, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Crystal L. Park
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Storrs, CT 06269-1020
| | - Sara Lazar
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA,Department of Psychology, Harvard Medical School
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Imaging individuals with obesity. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2022; 53:291-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Gingell G, Bergemann AD. Disrupting Essentialism in Medical Genetics Education. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2022; 32:255-262. [PMID: 35154900 PMCID: PMC8814072 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-021-01458-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many traditional practices in medical genetics education need review to counteract messages of essentialism, or the belief in an underlying natural structure differentiating social categories. While genomics research increasingly disproves a genetic foundation for race, research from educational scholars demonstrates that current medical genetics instruction may actually reinforce racial bias in learners. In this monograph, we outline seven recommendations for medical educators to actively counteract essentialism, racial, and otherwise, in the genetics classroom. In particular, we emphasize the importance of engaging learners in nuanced discussions around stereotyping and its negative consequences for both accurate diagnoses and promoting health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Gingell
- Department of Medical Education, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
| | - Andrew D. Bergemann
- Department of Medical Education, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
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Sagi-Dain L, Echar M, Paska-Davis N. Experiences of weight stigmatization in the Israeli healthcare system among overweight and obese individuals. Isr J Health Policy Res 2022; 11:5. [PMID: 35101130 PMCID: PMC8802507 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-022-00518-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Weight stigmatization, a common phenomenon in the healthcare system, exerts numerous adverse consequences on patients' wellbeing. The objective of this study was to estimate the extent and characteristics of weight stigmatization in Israel, based on the reports of overweight and obese individuals. Methods This study was performed by distribution of a cross-sectional open anonymous survey in social media platforms, targeting respondents with body mass index over 25 kg/m2. The questionnaire consisted of Likert-scale based as well as open-ended questions, evaluating the experience during past medical appointments. Our primary outcome was the prevalence of disrespectful treatment. Subgroup analysis was performed by various demographic characteristics. Results Of the 1697 respondents, 59.0% reported frequent experiences of disrespectful approach, and 48.6% noted receiving suboptimal treatment related to excess weight. Insulting, insensitive and judgmental comments were noted by 58%, stemming from diverse healthcare disciplines, while 29.3% noted office equipment not suitable for overweight people. Avoidance of a needed medical appointment was reported by 40.5%, significantly associated with past adverse experiences of weight stigmatization in the healthcare system. The respondents offered numerous suggestions to improve the existing situation, including education of the medical personnel, thorough research of obesity, and establishment of specific guidelines for approach to patients with excess weight. Conclusion Weight stigmatization is prevalent in Israeli healthcare system; thus, decreasing the rates of this phenomenon should be an important national goal. Formal education about the wide prevalence and adverse effects of weight stigmatization should be practiced by academic institutions, professional organizations, and regulatory bodies. Straightforward policies with continuing supervision should be endorsed by the healthcare system to prevent weight-based discrimination. Finally, appropriate-size equipment for obese patients should become one of the requirements for accreditation of medical centers and facilities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13584-022-00518-9.
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Skogen IB, Båtevik FO, Krumsvik RJ, Høydal KL. Weight-Based Victimization and Physical Activity Among Adolescents With Overweight or Obesity: A Scoping Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:732737. [PMID: 35156015 PMCID: PMC8832147 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.732737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased physical activity engagement plays a vital role in preventing and treating overweight or obesity in children and adolescents. Research has found that adolescents who are overweight or obese tend to participate in less physical activity than adolescents of average weight. Weight-based victimization (victimization related to weight or body size) is highly prevalent in adolescence and seems to be a factor that might negatively impact engagement in physical activity. This scoping review's objective was to identify the nature and extent of research evidence on links between weight-based victimization and physical activity among community-based or primary health care samples of adolescents who are overweight or obese. Methods Following established scoping review methods, we searched electronic databases PubMed, Web of science, SportDiscuss, and Cinahl from 23 Nov 2020 to 02 Dec 2020. Published studies with community-based or primary health care samples of adolescents who were overweight or obese (aged 13–18 years, Iso-BMI ≥ 25, i.e., age and gender specific percentiles based on specified cut-off value for overweight and obesity) and that were peer-reviewed and published were included in the analysis. Data from the included studies were put into a table and analyzed descriptively and numerically in terms of the extent and nature of the studies. Results After full text review, 12 articles were included, equally distributed in the qualitative and quantitative paradigm. There was a homogeneity of the research designs applied. Articles revealed high frequency of weight-based victimization. Among quantitative studies the reported links between weight-based victimization and physical activity were somewhat mixed, with three studies reporting weight-based victimization to negatively impact physical activity, while three studies report no significant impact. Qualitative studies reported experiences of teasing and bullying by peers, humiliation, and feelings of insecurity about appearance as barriers to engagement in physical activity. Conclusion The empirical evidence on the links between weight-based victimization and physical activity among community-based or primary-health care samples of adolescents who are overweight or obese is sparse. The results revealed a high presence of weight-based victimization in physical activity which seems to act as barriers for activity engagement. There is a need for more research to advance the understanding of the links between weight-based victimization and physical activity among community-based or primary-health care samples of adolescents who are overweight or obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg B. Skogen
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Arts and Physical Education, Volda University College, Volda, Norway
- *Correspondence: Ingeborg B. Skogen
| | - Finn Ove Båtevik
- Department of Social Work, Volda University College, Volda, Norway
| | - Rune Johan Krumsvik
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Arts and Physical Education, Volda University College, Volda, Norway
- Department of Education, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjetil L. Høydal
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Arts and Physical Education, Volda University College, Volda, Norway
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Understanding Racially Diverse Community Member Views of Obesity Stigma and Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2022; 32:1216-1226. [PMID: 35088253 PMCID: PMC8794039 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-05928-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The obesity epidemic poses serious challenges to health equity. Despite bariatric surgery being one of the most effective obesity treatments, utilization remains low. In this context, we explored public perceptions of bariatric surgery, centering voices of Black individuals. Materials and Methods Semi-structured interviews with individuals who have never considered bariatric surgery with purposive sampling to ensure the majority of participants were Black. Transcripts were iteratively analyzed. We employed an Interpretive Description framework to arrive at a collective description of perceptions of bariatric surgery. Results Thirty-two participants self-identified as 88% female, 72% Black, 3% Hispanic, 3% Pacific Islander, 3% Mixed Race, and 19% White. Participants reported a complex interplay of deeply held, stigmatized beliefs about identity. According to the stigma, persons with obesity lacked willpower and thus were considered devalued. Participants internalized this stigma, describing themselves with words like “glutton,” “lazy,” and “slack off.” Because stigma caused participants to view obesity as resulting from personal failings alone, socially acceptable ways to lose weight were discipline through diet and exercise. Working for weight loss was “self-love, self-discipline, and determination.” Thus, bariatric surgery was illegitimate, a “shortcut to weight loss” or “easy way out,” since it was outside acceptable methods of effort. Conclusion This qualitative study of community members who qualify for bariatric surgery shows obesity stigma was the main reason individuals rejected bariatric surgery. Obesity was stigmatizing, but undergoing bariatric surgery would further stigmatize individuals. Thus, healthcare providers may be instrumental in increasing bariatric surgery uptake by shifting social discourse from stigmatized notions of obesity towards one focusing on health. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11695-022-05928-x.
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Kirk SF, Forhan M, Yusuf J, Chance A, Burke K, Blinn N, Quirke S, Salas XR, Alberga A, Russell-Mayhew S. Mapping changes in the obesity stigma discourse through Obesity Canada: a content analysis. AIMS Public Health 2022; 9:41-52. [PMID: 35071667 PMCID: PMC8755959 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2022004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stigmatization of persons living with obesity is an important public health issue. In 2015, Obesity Canada adopted person-first language in all internal documentation produced by the organization, and, from 2017, required all authors to use person-first language in abstract submissions to Obesity Canada hosted conferences. The impact of this intentional shift in strategic focus is not known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a content analysis of proceedings at conferences hosted by Obesity Canada to identify whether or how constructs related to weight bias and obesity stigma have changed over time. Methods Of 1790 abstracts accepted to conferences between 2008–2019, we excluded 353 abstracts that featured animal or cellular models, leaving 1437 abstracts that were reviewed for the presence of five constructs of interest and if they changed over time: 1) use of person-first versus use of disease-first terminology, 2) incorporation of lived experience of obesity, 3) weight bias and stigma, 4) aggressive or alarmist framing and 5) obesity framed as a modifiable risk factor versus as a disease. We calculated and analyzed through linear regression: 1) the overall frequency of use of each construct over time as a proportion of the total number of abstracts reviewed, and 2) the ratio of abstracts where the construct appeared at least once based on the total number of abstracts. Results We found a significant positive correlation between use of person-first language in abstracts and time (R2 = 0.51, p < 0.01 for frequency, R2 = 0.65, p < 0.05 for ratio) and a corresponding negative correlation for the use of disease-first terminology (R2 = 0.48, p = 0.01 for frequency, R2 = 0.75, p < 0.001 for ratio). There was a significant positive correlation between mentions of weight bias and time (R2 = 0.53 and 0.57, p < 0.01 for frequency and ratio respectively). Conclusion Use of person-first language and attention to weight bias increased, while disease-first terminology decreased in accepted abstracts over the past 11 years since Obesity Canada began hosting conferences and particularly since more explicit actions for expectations to use person-first language were put in place in 2015 and 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fl Kirk
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, PO Box 150000, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Canada.,School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, PO Box 150000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mary Forhan
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Occupational Therapy, Corbett Hall, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB, T6H 2G4, Canada
| | - Joshua Yusuf
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, PO Box 150000, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Canada.,School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, PO Box 150000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ashly Chance
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Occupational Therapy, Corbett Hall, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB, T6H 2G4, Canada
| | - Kathleen Burke
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, PO Box 150000, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Canada.,School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, PO Box 150000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Nicole Blinn
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, PO Box 150000, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Canada.,School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, PO Box 150000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Stephanie Quirke
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, PO Box 150000, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Canada.,School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, PO Box 150000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ximena Ramos Salas
- Research and Policy Consultant, Rönnebergsvägen 116, 29891 Tollarp, Sweden
| | - Angela Alberga
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H4B1R6 Canada
| | - Shelly Russell-Mayhew
- Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
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Barlev M, Ko A, Krems JA, Neuberg SL. Weight Location Moderates Weight-Based Self-Devaluation and Perceived Social Devaluation in Women. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/19485506211060724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obese (“heavyweight”) people devalue themselves because, it has been proposed, they are socially devalued. However, for women, social valuation depends not only on how much weight they carry but also on where on their bodies they carry it. Here, we investigated whether weight-based self-valuation and perceived social valuation similarly depend on body shape. Study 1, using a nationally representative sample from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; N = 1,093 reproductive-aged women), showed that, controlling for body fat, weight labeling (by self and others) and wanting to lose weight depended on body shape. Study 2, in a direct test of predictions using an undergraduate sample of women ( N = 215), showed that with increased body fat, women with an abdominal weight distribution reported more self-devaluation (e.g., lower self-esteem) and perceived social devaluation (e.g., higher perceived weight discrimination); women with a gluteofemoral weight distribution, however, were shielded—partially or fully—from these adverse effects of increased body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahra Ko
- Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
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240
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Kyrillos JV, O'Neil PM, Wharton S. Introducing an important therapy for obesity to primary care: once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg. Postgrad Med 2022; 134:1-4. [PMID: 36691310 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2022.2149005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janine V Kyrillos
- Jefferson Comprehensive Weight Management, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick M O'Neil
- Weight Management Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sean Wharton
- York University, McMaster University and Wharton Weight Management Clinic, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Vázquez-Velázquez V, García García E. Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Comprehensive Care Program for People Living with Obesity: A Real-World Experience in a Public Hospital in Mexico. Obes Facts 2022; 15:774-786. [PMID: 36122569 PMCID: PMC9801369 DOI: 10.1159/000527024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Existing evidence indicates that the best treatment model for obesity leading to successful weight loss consists of a so-called comprehensive lifestyle intervention program, but the offer, implementation, and coverage of these kinds of programs for the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of people living with obesity are limited. So, the aim of this study was an evaluation of the feasibility and effectiveness of a comprehensive care program for obesity in a public tertiary hospital in Mexico. METHODS An observational, longitudinal, and retrospective study evaluated a six-month long medium-intensity comprehensive care program (seven visits focused on medical, nutritional, psychological, and psychiatric diagnosis and treatment). A total of 1,017 people living with obesity were recruited for the program. Logistic regression models were used to predict the factors associated with attendance and weight loss. RESULTS Of the 1,017 participants, 661 completed the program (65% retention rate) and attended 4.9 ± 1.9 visits each, with 40.1% losing ≥5% of their starting weight (X = 4.3 ± 4.4%). From visit 1 to visit 7, the participants that completed the program had weight decreases of Δ = -4.8 kg and body mass index (BMI) -2.3 kg/m2; p < 0.01. Each additional visit increased the likelihood of a 5% weight loss [OR 1.90, 95% CI: 1.51-2.38, p < 0.001] and 10% [OR 2.45, 95% CI: 1.49-4.02, p < 0.001], becoming statistically significant after attending more than four visits. Each additional year of age increased the likelihood of losing ≥5% body weight [OR 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03, p < 0.05] and increased the likelihood of completing the program [OR 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03, p < 0.01] after controlling for sex, weight, BMI, and psychiatric and weight loss medications. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of a six-month comprehensive program for obesity in a public hospital in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Vázquez-Velázquez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
- *Verónica Vázquez-Velázquez,
| | - Eduardo García García
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
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Sherf-Dagan S, Kessler Y, Mardy-Tilbor L, Raziel A, Sakran N, Boaz M, Kaufman-Shriqui V. The Effect of an Education Module to Reduce Weight Bias among Medical Centers Employees: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obes Facts 2022; 15:384-394. [PMID: 35066508 PMCID: PMC9210013 DOI: 10.1159/000521856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Weight bias, stigma, and discrimination are common among healthcare professionals. We aimed to evaluate whether an online education module affects weight bias and knowledge about obesity in a private medical center setting. METHODS An open-label randomized controlled trial was conducted among all employees of a chain of private medical centers in Israel (n = 3,290). Employees who confirmed their consent to participate in the study were randomized into intervention or control (i.e., "no intervention") arms. The study intervention was an online 15-min educational module that included obesity, weight bias, stigma, and discrimination information. Questionnaires on Anti-Fat Attitudes (AFA), fat-phobia scale (F-scale), and beliefs about the causes of obesity were answered at baseline (i.e., right before the intervention), 7 days, and 30 days post-intervention. RESULTS A total of 506, 230, and 145 employees responded to the baseline, 7-day, and 30-day post-intervention questionnaires, respectively. Mean participant age was 43.3 ± 11.6 years, 84.6% were women, and 67.4% held an academic degree. Mean F-scale scores and percentage of participants with above-average fat-phobic attitudes (≥3.6) significantly decreased only within the intervention group over time (p ≤ 0.042). However, no significant differences between groups over time were observed for AFA scores or factors beliefs to cause obesity. CONCLUSIONS A single exposure to an online education module on weight bias and knowledge about obesity may confer only a modest short-term improvement in medical center employees' fat-phobic attitudes toward people with obesity. Future studies should examine if reexposure to such intervention could impact weight bias, stigma, and discrimination among medical center staff in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Sherf-Dagan
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Department of Nutrition, Assuta Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Shiri Sherf-Dagan,
| | - Yafit Kessler
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Assia Medical Group, Assuta Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Asnat Raziel
- Assia Medical Group, Assuta Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nasser Sakran
- Assia Medical Group, Assuta Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Surgery, Holy Family Hospital, Nazareth, Israel
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine Safed, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Mona Boaz
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Vered Kaufman-Shriqui
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Conceição-Furber E, Coskun T, Sloop KW, Samms RJ. Is Glucagon Receptor Activation the Thermogenic Solution for Treating Obesity? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:868037. [PMID: 35547006 PMCID: PMC9081793 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.868037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge of obesity therapy is to sustain clinically relevant weight loss over time. Achieving this goal likely requires both reducing daily caloric intake and increasing caloric expenditure. Over the past decade, advances in pharmaceutical engineering of ligands targeting G protein-coupled receptors have led to the development of highly effective anorectic agents. These include mono-agonists of the GLP-1R and dual GIPR/GLP-1R co-agonists that have demonstrated substantial weight loss in experimental models and in humans. By contrast, currently, there are no medicines available that effectively augment metabolic rate to promote weight loss. Here, we present evidence indicating that activation of the GCGR may provide a solution to this unmet therapeutic need. In adult humans, GCGR agonism increases energy expenditure to a magnitude sufficient for inducing a negative energy balance. In preclinical studies, the glucagon-GCGR system affects key metabolically relevant organs (including the liver and white and brown adipose tissue) to boost whole-body thermogenic capacity and protect from obesity. Further, activation of the GCGR has been shown to augment both the magnitude and duration of weight loss that is achieved by either selective GLP-1R or dual GIPR/GLP-1R agonism in rodents. Based on the accumulation of such findings, we propose that the thermogenic activity of GCGR agonism will also complement other anti-obesity agents that lower body weight by suppressing appetite.
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8. Obesity and Weight Management for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:S113-S124. [PMID: 34964843 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-s008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) "Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes" includes the ADA's current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-SPPC), are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA's clinical practice recommendations, please refer to the Standards of Care Introduction (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-SINT). Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
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Himmelstein MS, Knepp KA, Phelan SM. The role of weight stigma in weight regain in bariatric surgery. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1076696. [PMID: 36561565 PMCID: PMC9763922 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1076696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is highly stigmatized, and individuals who undergo bariatric surgery are subject not only to weight stigma, but also to stigma related to the procedure itself. Patients lost to follow-up after surgery make estimating the amount of regain occurring after surgery difficult, and often patients fail to follow up due the shame of weight regain. Patients report difficulty following the diet necessary to maintain weight loss. Additionally, when they seek support after surgery, they often encounter stigmatizing messaging related to weight. Weight bias internalization, weight stigma, and stigma about having the surgery all contribute to feelings of social isolation, disordered eating, and reduced motivation to engage in physical activity. In this chapter, we present evidence for the impact of stigma on bariatric surgery outcomes and discuss the behavioral, physiological, and emotional processes that contribute to weight regain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S. Himmelstein
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Kristen A. Knepp
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Sean M. Phelan
- Division of Health Care Delivery Research, Robert D. & Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Healthcare Delivery, & Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Sean M. Phelan,
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Schumann R. On language – first, do no harm. Saudi J Anaesth 2022; 16:276-277. [PMID: 35898532 PMCID: PMC9311169 DOI: 10.4103/sja.sja_319_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Internalised weight stigma as a mediator of the relationship between experienced/perceived weight stigma and biopsychosocial outcomes: a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1-9. [PMID: 34628466 PMCID: PMC8501332 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review studies that have assessed the mediating role of internalised weight stigma on the relationship between experienced/perceived weight stigma and any biopsychosocial outcomes. METHODS PsycINFO, PsycExtra, Web of Science, CINAHL, Medline and Embase were systematically searched. Identified studies were double screened (HB and XPG). RESULTS Seventeen studies (across 16 articles) met our inclusion criteria (N = 21,172), and almost all studies measured only psychological outcomes (n = 15). Eight studies found consistent evidence for internalised weight stigma as a mediator of the relationship between experienced/perceived weight stigma and disordered eating outcomes. Preliminary evidence was found for the mediating role of internalised weight stigma on the relationship between experienced/perceived weight stigma and body shame, body dissatisfaction, exercise behaviour, healthcare experiences and behaviours, bodily pain and parental weight talk. However, the findings were inconsistent for depression and anxiety, although only two studies reported these. CONCLUSION This review provides preliminary evidence for internalised weight stigma as an intervening variable in the relationship between experienced/perceived weight stigma and adverse health outcomes. Results suggest that there are potential benefits of interventions addressing internalised weight stigma to improve health outcomes. However, these findings must be considered in the context of the psychometric limitations of the Weight Bias Internalisation Scale, which was used in all but one study.
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Jalaba S, Trudeau H, Carlson S. Obesity Prevention. PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT CLINICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpha.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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249
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Süsstrunk J, Schneider R, Gebhart M, Peterli R. [Bariatric Surgery in 2022 - What Is Important for the General Practitioner?]. PRAXIS 2022; 111:389-395. [PMID: 35611480 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric Surgery in 2022 - What Is Important for the General Practitioner? Abstract. Bariatric surgery is the most efficient treatment for obesity and associated diseases. Basic knowledge about the indications, common procedures, follow-up and possible complications has become essential for primary care practice. This article explains the current standards of care in Switzerland with a focus on relevant information for the practice: nutritional aspects after bariatric surgery, necessary clinical and laboratory examinations, early detection of complications. Only intense interdisciplinary and interprofessional collaboration leads to a treatment success in morbid obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Süsstrunk
- Clarunis, Universitäres Bauchzentrum Basel, Viszeralchirurgie, St. Claraspital und Universitätsspital, Basel, Schweiz
- Gemeinsame Erstautorenschaft
| | - Romano Schneider
- Clarunis, Universitäres Bauchzentrum Basel, Viszeralchirurgie, St. Claraspital und Universitätsspital, Basel, Schweiz
- Gemeinsame Erstautorenschaft
| | - Martina Gebhart
- Innere Medizin/Endokrinologie mit Ernährungszentrum, St. Claraspital, Basel, Schweiz
| | - Ralph Peterli
- Clarunis, Universitäres Bauchzentrum Basel, Viszeralchirurgie, St. Claraspital und Universitätsspital, Basel, Schweiz
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Donnan J, Huang R, Twells L. Patient Preferences for Attributes of Health Canada Approved Weight Loss Medications Among Adults Living with Obesity in Canada: A Qualitative Study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:911-923. [PMID: 35411134 PMCID: PMC8994660 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s350411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is a complex disease with negative impacts on physical and mental health. The treatment of obesity is an area where shared decision making and patient preferences play an important role. Recommendations surrounding weight loss medications are evolving and only recently, with the publication of the 2020 Canadian Obesity Management Clinical Guidelines, pharmacotherapy has become a recommended alternative for obesity management. Guidelines recommend three medications: orlistat, liraglutide, and naltrexone/bupropion. This study sought to identify medication attributes relevant to patients starting pharmacotherapy for weight management. PATIENTS AND METHODS Semi-structured focus groups and interviews were conducted with Canadian residents who were ≥18 years of age and were living with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30kg/m2 or ≥27kg/m2 with adiposity-related complications). Sessions were conducted virtually, audio recorded, and transcribed. Two team members used a combination of inductive and deductive coding to independently code the data. A final coding template was agreed upon through discussion. RESULTS A total of 21 individuals participated (85.7% female, 76.2% ≥40 years of age) with the average BMI being 44.3 kg/m2. Participants touched upon many attributes which were categorized into five categories: 1) cost, 2) regimen, 3) side effects, 4) benefits, and 5) non-medication attributes. Cost of medications, lack of coverage by insurance companies, and stigma were identified as major barriers to accessing medications. There was consensus in the desire for a simple regimen, however there was heterogeneity among opinions on tolerability of side effects, desired benefits, and route of administration. CONCLUSION This study identified attributes that influenced patient's decisions when considering a new anti-obesity medication. Understanding these attributes can assist clinicians in shared decision-making. This study highlighted the stigma that is prevalent among providers and the need for education. Further research should be conducted to understand the tradeoffs patients in our study make between the identified attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Donnan
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
- Correspondence: Jennifer Donnan, Tel +1 709 864-3587, Email
| | - Rita Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Laurie Twells
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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