201
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Shrestha JP, Subedi YP, Chen L, Chang CWT. A mode of action study of cationic anthraquinone analogs: a new class of highly potent anticancer agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00314h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported the synthesis and structure–activity relationship (SAR) study of a series of novel 4,9-dioxo-4,9-dihydro-1H-naphtho[2,3-d][1,2,3]triazol-3-ium salts, which had very potent anti-proliferative activities (low μM to nM GI50) against a broad range of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya P. Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Utah State University
- Logan
- USA
| | | | - Liaohai Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Utah State University
- Logan
- USA
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202
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Cho SY, Lee JH, Ju MK, Jeong EM, Kim HJ, Lim J, Lee S, Cho NH, Park HH, Choi K, Jeon JH, Kim IG. Cystamine induces AIF-mediated apoptosis through glutathione depletion. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:619-31. [PMID: 25549939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cystamine and its reduced form cysteamine showed protective effects in various models of neurodegenerative disease, including Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease. Other lines of evidence demonstrated the cytotoxic effect of cysteamine on duodenal mucosa leading to ulcer development. However, the mechanism for cystamine cytotoxicity remains poorly understood. Here, we report a new pathway in which cystamine induces apoptosis by targeting apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). By screening of various cell lines, we observed that cystamine and cysteamine induce cell death in a cell type-specific manner. Comparison between cystamine-sensitive and cystamine-resistant cell lines revealed that cystamine cytotoxicity is not associated with unfolded protein response, reactive oxygen species generation and transglutaminase or caspase activity; rather, it is associated with the ability of cystamine to trigger AIF nuclear translocation. In cystamine-sensitive cells, cystamine suppresses the levels of intracellular glutathione by inhibiting γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase expression that triggers AIF translocation. Conversely, glutathione supplementation completely prevents cystamine-induced AIF translocation and apoptosis. In rats, cysteamine administration induces glutathione depletion and AIF translocation leading to apoptosis of duodenal epithelium. These results indicate that AIF translocation through glutathione depletion is the molecular mechanism of cystamine toxicity, and provide important implications for cystamine in the neurodegenerative disease therapeutics as well as in the regulation of AIF-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Yup Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Haeng Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-kyeong Ju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Man Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihang Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Jeon
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea.
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203
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Pan X, Liang Z, Li J, Wang S, Kong F, Xu K, Tang B. Active-Site-Matched Fluorescent Probes for Rapid and Direct Detection of Vicinal-Sulfydryl-Containing Peptides/Proteins in Living Cells. Chemistry 2014; 21:2117-22. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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204
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Su J, Li B, Cheng S, Zhu Z, Sang X, Gui S, Xie Y, Sun Q, Cheng Z, Cheng J, Hu R, Shen W, Xia Q, Zhao P, Hong F. Phoxim-induced damages of Bombyx mori larval midgut and titanium dioxide nanoparticles protective role under phoxim-induced toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:1355-1366. [PMID: 23595993 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phoxim (O,O-diethyl O-(alpha-cyanobenzylideneamino) phosphorothioate) is a powerful organophosphorus pesticide with high potential for Bombyx mori larvae of silkworm exposure. However, it is possible that during the phoxim metabolism, there is generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phoxim may produce oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in an intoxicated silkworm. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) pretreatment has been demonstrated to increase antioxidant capacity and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in organisms. This study was, therefore, undertaken to determine phoxim-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity to determine whether phoxim intoxication alters the antioxidant system and AChE activity in the B. mori larval midgut, and to determine whether TiO2 NPs pretreatment attenuates phoxim-induced toxicity. The findings suggested that phoxim exposure decreased survival of B. mori larvae, increased malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl and 8-OHdG levels, and ROS accumulation in the midgut. Furthermore, phoxim significantly decreased the activities of AChE, superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and levels of ascorbic acid (AsA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and thiol in the midgut. TiO2 pretreatment, however, could increase AChE activity, and remove ROS via activating SOD, CAT, APX, GR, and GST, and accelerating AsA-GSH cycle, thus attenuated lipid, protein, and DNA peroxidation and improve B. mori larval survival under phoxim-induced toxicity. Moreover, this experimental system would help nanomaterials to be applied in the sericulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junju Su
- Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
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205
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Wu SY, Pan SL, Xiao ZY, Hsu JL, Chen MC, Lee KH, Teng CM. NPRL-Z-1, as a new topoisomerase II poison, induces cell apoptosis and ROS generation in human renal carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112220. [PMID: 25372714 PMCID: PMC4221609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
NPRL-Z-1 is a 4β-[(4"-benzamido)-amino]-4'-O-demethyl-epipodophyllotoxin derivative. Previous reports have shown that NPRL-Z-1 possesses anticancer activity. Here NPRL-Z-1 displayed cytotoxic effects against four human cancer cell lines (HCT 116, A549, ACHN, and A498) and exhibited potent activity in A498 human renal carcinoma cells, with an IC50 value of 2.38 µM via the MTT assay. We also found that NPRL-Z-1 induced cell cycle arrest in G1-phase and detected DNA double-strand breaks in A498 cells. NPRL-Z-1 induced ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) protein kinase phosphorylation at serine 1981, leading to the activation of DNA damage signaling pathways, including Chk2, histone H2AX, and p53/p21. By ICE assay, the data suggested that NPRL-Z-1 acted on and stabilized the topoisomerase II (TOP2)-DNA complex, leading to TOP2cc formation. NPRL-Z-1-induced DNA damage signaling and apoptotic death was also reversed by TOP2α or TOP2β knockdown. In addition, NPRL-Z-1 inhibited the Akt signaling pathway and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. These results demonstrated that NPRL-Z-1 appeared to be a novel TOP2 poison and ROS generator. Thus, NPRL-Z-1 may present a significant potential anticancer candidate against renal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ying Wu
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- The Ph.D. program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Yan Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drug ability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jui-Ling Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Chen
- The Ph.D. Program for the Clinical Drug Discovery from Botanical Herbs, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Teng
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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206
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Chen D, Bobko AA, Gross AC, Evans R, Marsh CB, Khramtsov VV, Eubank TD, Friedman A. Involvement of tumor macrophage HIFs in chemotherapy effectiveness: mathematical modeling of oxygen, pH, and glutathione. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107511. [PMID: 25295611 PMCID: PMC4189793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The four variables, hypoxia, acidity, high glutathione (GSH) concentration and fast reducing rate (redox) are distinct and varied characteristics of solid tumors compared to normal tissue. These parameters are among the most significant factors underlying the metabolism and physiology of solid tumors, regardless of their type or origin. Low oxygen tension contributes to both inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and therapeutic resistance of tumors; low extracellular pH, the reverse of normal cells, mainly enhances tumor invasion; and dysregulated GSH and redox potential within cancer cells favor their proliferation. In fact, cancer cells under these microenvironmental conditions appreciably alter tumor response to cytotoxic anti-cancer treatments. Recent experiments measured the in vivo longitudinal data of these four parameters with tumor development and the corresponding presence and absence of tumor macrophage HIF-1α or HIF-2α in a mouse model of breast cancer. In the current paper, we present a mathematical model-based system of (ordinary and partial) differential equations to monitor tumor growth and susceptibility to standard chemotherapy with oxygen level, pH, and intracellular GSH concentration. We first show that our model simulations agree with the corresponding experiments, and then we use our model to suggest treatments of tumors by altering these four parameters in tumor microenvironment. For example, the model qualitatively predicts that GSH depletion can raise the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) above a toxic threshold and result in inhibition of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Chen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrey A. Bobko
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amy C. Gross
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Randall Evans
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Clay B. Marsh
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Valery V. Khramtsov
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. Eubank
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Avner Friedman
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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207
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2-Phenylethynesulfonamide (PES) uncovers a necrotic process regulated by oxidative stress and p53. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:301-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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208
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Zhao X, Sheng L, Wang L, Hong J, Yu X, Sang X, Sun Q, Ze Y, Hong F. Mechanisms of nanosized titanium dioxide-induced testicular oxidative stress and apoptosis in male mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:47. [PMID: 25209749 PMCID: PMC4354283 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the increased application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) in the food industry and daily life, their potential toxic effects in humans and animals have been investigated. However, very few studies have focused on testicular oxidative stress and/or apoptosis. Methods In order to understand the possible molecular mechanisms of testicular lesions following exposure to TiO2 NPs, male mice were exposed to 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg body weight TiO2 NPs for 90 consecutive days. Testicular oxidative stress and apoptosis were then evaluated, and the testicular mRNA expression of several genes and their proteins involved in oxidative stress and/or apoptosis was investigated. Results TiO2 NPs entered Sertoli cells and caused severe testicular oxidative damage and/or apoptosis, accompanied by excessive production of reactive oxygen species and peroxidation of lipids, proteins and DNA as well as a significant reduction in antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, exposure to TiO2 NPs resulted in the up-regulation of caspase-3, Nrbp2, and cytochrome c expression, and caused down-regulation of SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GR, Cyp1b1, Car3, Bcl-2, Acaa2, and Axud1 expression in mouse testis. Conclusions TiO2 NPs entered Sertoli cells via the blood-testis barrier and were deposited in mouse seminiferous cord and/or Sertoli cells, causing oxidative damage and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhao
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Lei Sheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Ling Wang
- Library of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Jie Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Xuezi Sang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Qingqing Sun
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Yuguan Ze
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Fashui Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215007, China. .,Cultivation base of State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biomaterials built together by Ministry of Science and Technology and Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, 215007, China.
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209
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Ahmad F, Nidadavolu P, Durgadoss L, Ravindranath V. Critical cysteines in Akt1 regulate its activity and proteasomal degradation: implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 74:118-28. [PMID: 24933620 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Impaired Akt1 signaling is observed in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson׳s disease (PD). In PD models oxidative modification of Akt1 leads to its dephosphorylation and consequent loss of its kinase activity. To explore the underlying mechanism we exposed Neuro2A cells to cadmium, a pan inhibitor of protein thiol disulfide oxidoreductases, including glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1), or downregulated Grx1, which led to dephosphorylation of Akt1, loss of its kinase activity, and also decreased Akt1 protein levels. Mutation of cysteines to serines at 296 and 310 in Akt1 did not affect its basal kinase activity but abolished cadmium- and Grx1 downregulation-induced reduction in Akt1 kinase activity, indicating their critical role in redox modulation of Akt1 function and turnover. Cadmium-induced decrease in phosphorylated Akt1 correlated with increased association of wild-type (WT) Akt1 with PP2A, which was absent in the C296-310S Akt1 mutant and was also abolished by N-acetylcysteine treatment. Further, increased proteasomal degradation of Akt1 by cadmium was not seen in the C296-310S Akt1 mutant, indicating that oxidation of cysteine residues facilitates degradation of WT Akt1. Moreover, preventing oxidative modification of Akt1 cysteines 296 and 310 by mutating them to serines increased the cell survival effects of Akt1. Thus, in neurodegenerative states such as PD, maintaining the thiol status of cysteines 296 and 310 in Akt1 would be critical for Akt1 kinase activity and for preventing its degradation by proteasomes. Preventing downregulation of Akt signaling not only has long-range consequences for cell survival but could also affect the multiple roles that Akt plays, including in the Akt-mTOR signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Prakash Nidadavolu
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Lalitha Durgadoss
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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210
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Interaction of Interferon gamma-induced reactive oxygen species with ceftazidime leads to synergistic killing of intracellular Burkholderia pseudomallei. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:5954-63. [PMID: 25070108 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02781-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei, a facultative intracellular pathogen, causes severe infections and is inherently refractory to many antibiotics. Previous studies from our group have shown that interferon gamma (IFN-γ) interacts synergistically with the antibiotic ceftazidime to kill bacteria in infected macrophages. The present study aimed to identify the underlying mechanism of that interaction. We first showed that blocking reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathways reversed IFN-γ- and ceftazidime-mediated killing, which led to our hypothesis that IFN-γ-induced ROS interacted with ceftazidime to synergistically kill Burkholderia bacteria. Consistent with this hypothesis, we also observed that buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), another inducer of ROS, could substitute for IFN-γ to similarly potentiate the effect of ceftazidime on intracellular killing. Next, we observed that IFN-γ induced ROS-mediated killing of intracellular but not extracellular bacteria. On the other hand, ceftazidime effectively reduced extracellular bacteria but was not capable of intracellular killing when applied at 10 μg/ml. We investigated the exact role of IFN-γ-induced ROS responses on intracellular bacteria and notably observed a lack of actin polymerization associated with Burkholderia bacteria in IFN-γ-treated macrophages, which led to our finding that IFN-γ-induced ROS blocks vacuolar escape. Based on these results, we propose a model in which synergistically reduced bacterial burden is achieved primarily through separate and compartmentalized killing: intracellular killing by IFN-γ-induced ROS responses and extracellular killing by ceftazidime. Our findings suggest a means of enhancing antibiotic activity against Burkholderia bacteria through combination with drugs that induce ROS pathways or otherwise target intracellular spread and/or replication of bacteria.
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211
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Kaushik NK, Kaushik N, Park D, Choi EH. Altered antioxidant system stimulates dielectric barrier discharge plasma-induced cell death for solid tumor cell treatment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103349. [PMID: 25068311 PMCID: PMC4113384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the experimental findings and plasma delivery approach developed at the Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Korea for the assessment of antitumor activity of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) for cancer treatment. Detailed investigation of biological effects occurring after atmospheric pressure non-thermal (APNT) plasma application during in vitro experiments revealed the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in modulation of the antioxidant defense system, cellular metabolic activity, and apoptosis induction in cancer cells. To understand basic cellular mechanisms, we investigated the effects of APNT DBD plasma on antioxidant defense against oxidative stress in various malignant cells as well as normal cells. T98G glioblastoma, SNU80 thyroid carcinoma, KB oral carcinoma and a non-malignant HEK293 embryonic human cell lines were treated with APNT DBD plasma and cellular effects due to reactive oxygen species were observed. Plasma significantly decreased the metabolic viability and clonogenicity of T98G, SNU80, KB and HEK293 cell lines. Enhanced ROS in the cells led to death via alteration of total antioxidant activity, and NADP+/NADPH and GSH/GSSG ratios 24 hours (h) post plasma treatment. This effect was confirmed by annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining. These consequences suggested that the failure of antioxidant defense machinery, with compromised redox status, might have led to sensitization of the malignant cells. These findings suggest a promising approach for solid tumor therapy by delivering a lethal dose of APNT plasma to tumor cells while sparing normal healthy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daehoon Park
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun H. Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Korea
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212
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Pravda J. Metabolic theory of septic shock. World J Crit Care Med 2014; 3:45-54. [PMID: 24892019 PMCID: PMC4038812 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v3.i2.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Septic shock is a life threatening condition that can develop subsequent to infection. Mortality can reach as high as 80% with over 150000 deaths yearly in the United States alone. Septic shock causes progressive failure of vital homeostatic mechanisms culminating in immunosuppression, coagulopathy and microvascular dysfunction which can lead to refractory hypotension, organ failure and death. The hypermetabolic response that accompanies a systemic inflammatory reaction places high demands upon stored nutritional resources. A crucial element that can become depleted early during the progression to septic shock is glutathione. Glutathione is chiefly responsible for supplying reducing equivalents to neutralize hydrogen peroxide, a toxic oxidizing agent that is produced during normal metabolism. Without glutathione, hydrogen peroxide can rise to toxic levels in tissues and blood where it can cause severe oxidative injury to organs and to the microvasculature. Continued exposure can result in microvascular dysfunction, capillary leakage and septic shock. It is the aim of this paper to present evidence that elevated systemic levels of hydrogen peroxide are present in septic shock victims and that it significantly contributes to the development and progression of this frequently lethal condition.
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213
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Cytotoxic Effect of p-Coumaric Acid on Neuroblastoma, N2a Cell via Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species Leading to Dysfunction of Mitochondria Inducing Apoptosis and Autophagy. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:119-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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214
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Stocco G, Pelin M, Franca R, De Iudicibus S, Cuzzoni E, Favretto D, Martelossi S, Ventura A, Decorti G. Pharmacogenetics of azathioprine in inflammatory bowel disease: A role for glutathione-S-transferase? World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:3534-3541. [PMID: 24707136 PMCID: PMC3974520 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i13.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Azathioprine is a purine antimetabolite drug commonly used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In vivo it is active after reaction with reduced glutathione (GSH) and conversion to mercaptopurine. Although this reaction may occur spontaneously, the presence of isoforms M and A of the enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST) may increase its speed. Indeed, in pediatric patients with IBD, deletion of GST-M1, which determines reduced enzymatic activity, was recently associated with reduced sensitivity to azathioprine and reduced production of azathioprine active metabolites. In addition to increase the activation of azathioprine to mercaptopurine, GSTs may contribute to azathioprine effects even by modulating GSH consumption, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Therefore, genetic polymorphisms in genes for GSTs may be useful to predict response to azathioprine even if more in vitro and clinical validation studies are needed.
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215
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Ao GZ, Chu XJ, Ji YY, Wang JW. Antioxidant properties and PC12 cell protective effects of a novel curcumin analogue (2E,6E)-2,6-bis(3,5- dimethoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone (MCH). Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:3970-88. [PMID: 24603537 PMCID: PMC3975378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15033970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidative properties of a novel curcumin analogue (2E,6E)-2,6-bis(3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone (MCH) were assessed by several in vitro models, including superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and PC12 cell protection from H2O2 damage. MCH displayed superior O2•- quenching abilities compared to curcumin and vitamin C. In vitro stability of MCH was also improved compared with curcumin. Exposure of PC12 cells to 150 µM H2O2 caused a decrease of antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione (GSH) loss, an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cell apoptosis and reduction in cell viability. Pretreatment of the cells with MCH at 0.63-5.00 µM before H2O2 exposure significantly attenuated those changes in a dose-dependent manner. MCH enhanced cellular expression of transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) at the transcriptional level. Moreover, MCH could mitigate intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and the increase of cleaved caspase-3 activity induced by H2O2. These results show that MCH protects PC12 cells from H2O2 injury by modulating endogenous antioxidant enzymes, scavenging ROS, activating the Nrf2 cytoprotective pathway and prevention of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Zhen Ao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xiao-Jing Chu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jian-Wen Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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216
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Kwak MK, Ku M, Kang SO. NAD(+)-linked alcohol dehydrogenase 1 regulates methylglyoxal concentration in Candida albicans. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1144-53. [PMID: 24607541 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We purified a fraction that showed NAD(+)-linked methylglyoxal dehydrogenase activity, directly catalyzing methylglyoxal oxidation to pyruvate, which was significantly increased in glutathione-depleted Candida albicans. It also showed NADH-linked methylglyoxal-reducing activity. The fraction was identified as a NAD(+)-linked alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1) through mass spectrometric analyses. In ADH1-disruptants of both the wild type and glutathione-depleted cells, the intracellular methylglyoxal concentration increased significantly; defects in growth, differentiation, and virulence were observed; and G2-phase arrest was induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyu Kwak
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - MyungHee Ku
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa-Ouk Kang
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea.
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217
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Kolossov VL, Hanafin WP, Beaudoin JN, Bica DE, DiLiberto SJ, Kenis PJA, Gaskins HR. Inhibition of glutathione synthesis distinctly alters mitochondrial and cytosolic redox poise. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:394-403. [PMID: 24586100 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214522179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The glutathione couple GSH/GSSG is the most abundant cellular redox buffer and is not at equilibrium among intracellular compartments. Perturbation of glutathione poise has been associated with tumorigenesis; however, due to analytical limitations, the underlying mechanisms behind this relationship are poorly understood. In this regard, we have implemented a ratiometric, genetically encoded redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein fused to human glutaredoxin (Grx1-roGFP2) to monitor real-time glutathione redox potentials in the cytosol and mitochondrial matrix of tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cells. First, we demonstrated that recovery time in both compartments depended upon the length of exposure to oxidative challenge with diamide, a thiol-oxidizing agent. We then monitored changes in glutathione poise in cytosolic and mitochondrial matrices following inhibition of glutathione (GSH) synthesis with L-buthionine sulphoximine (BSO). The mitochondrial matrix showed higher oxidation in the BSO-treated cells indicating distinct compartmental alterations in redox poise. Finally, the contributory role of the p53 protein in supporting cytosolic redox poise was demonstrated. Inactivation of the p53 pathway by expression of a dominant-negative p53 protein sensitized the cytosol to oxidation in BSO-treated tumor cells. As a result, both compartments of PF161-T+p53(DD) cells were equally oxidized ≈20 mV by inhibition of GSH synthesis. Conversely, mitochondrial oxidation was independent of p53 status in GSH-deficient tumor cells. Taken together, these findings indicate different redox requirements for the glutathione thiol/disulfide redox couple within the cytosol and mitochondria of resting cells and reveal distinct regulation of their redox poise in response to inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir L Kolossov
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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218
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Albuali WH. Evaluation of oxidant-antioxidant status in overweight and morbidly obese Saudi children. World J Clin Pediatr 2014; 3:6-13. [PMID: 25254179 PMCID: PMC4145643 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v3.i1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the antioxidant enzymes and oxidative products in overweight and obese Saudi children before the onset of metabolic complications.
METHODS: The study was carried out on 231 Saudi children. They were classified into three groups: uncomplicated overweight, uncomplicated morbid obesity, and the matched age group as control. All subjects underwent anthropometric measurements and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase, the concentrations of reduced GSH, malondialdehyde (MDA) oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) were measured in the blood of these groups.
RESULTS: Overweight and obese children had a significantly higher body mass index, while obese children only had a significantly higher waist-to-hip ratio compared to that of the control group. The enzyme activities under study were significantly elevated in the overweight group, although they were significantly reduced among obese children. The concentration of GSH was reduced in both the overweight and obese groups. The mean values of ox-LDL, MDA and AOPP were non-significantly increased in overweight children, while they were significantly elevated in obese children compared to that of normal weight children. A significant disturbance of oxidant-antioxidant status was observed in severely morbid children.
CONCLUSION: The increase of oxidative stress in obese children is associated with the increase in AOPPs and MDA which reflects an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant defense.
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219
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Li X, Zhang F, Wang D, Li Z, Qin X, Du G. NMR-based metabonomic and quantitative real-time PCR in the profiling of metabolic changes in carbon tetrachloride-induced rat liver injury. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 89:42-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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220
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Hsieh CJ, Kuo PL, Hsu YC, Huang YF, Tsai EM, Hsu YL. Arctigenin, a dietary phytoestrogen, induces apoptosis of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells through the ROS/p38 MAPK pathway and epigenetic regulation. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 67:159-70. [PMID: 24140706 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the anticancer effect of arctigenin (ATG), a natural lignan product of Arctium lappa L., in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Results indicate that ATG inhibits MDA-MB-231 cell growth by inducing apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. ATG triggers the mitochondrial caspase-independent pathways, as indicated by changes in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, resulting in AIF and EndoG nuclear translocation. ATG increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by increasing p22(phox)/NADPH oxidase 1 interaction and decreasing glutathione level. ATG clearly increases the activation of p38 MAPK, but not JNK and ERK1/2. Antioxidant EUK-8, a synthetic catalytic superoxide and hydrogen peroxide scavenger, significantly decreases ATG-mediated p38 activation and apoptosis. Blocking p38 with a specific inhibitor suppresses ATG-mediated Bcl-2 downregulation and apoptosis. Moreover, ATG activates ATF-2, a transcription factor activated by p38, and then upregulates histone H3K9 trimethylation in the Bcl-2 gene promoter region, resulting in Bcl-2 downregulation. Taken together, the results demonstrate that ATG induces apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells via the ROS/p38 MAPK pathway and epigenetic regulation of Bcl-2 by upregulation of histone H3K9 trimethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chan Hsu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Center for Resources, Research, and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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221
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Li P, Xiao H, Cheng Y, Zhang W, Huang F, Zhang W, Wang H, Tang B. A near-infrared-emitting fluorescent probe for monitoring mitochondrial pH. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:7184-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01390e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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222
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Abstract
Cancer cells are distinguished from each other and from healthy cells by features that drive clonal evolution and therapy resistance. New advances in high-dimensional flow cytometry make it possible to systematically measure mechanisms of tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance on millions of cells from human tumors. Here we describe flow cytometry techniques that enable a "single-cell " view of cancer. High-dimensional techniques like mass cytometry enable multiplexed single-cell analysis of cell identity, clinical biomarkers, signaling network phospho-proteins, transcription factors, and functional readouts of proliferation, cell cycle status, and apoptosis. This capability pairs well with a signaling profiles approach that dissects mechanism by systematically perturbing and measuring many nodes in a signaling network. Single-cell approaches enable study of cellular heterogeneity of primary tissues and turn cell subsets into experimental controls or opportunities for new discovery. Rare populations of stem cells or therapy-resistant cancer cells can be identified and compared to other types of cells within the same sample. In the long term, these techniques will enable tracking of minimal residual disease (MRD) and disease progression. By better understanding biological systems that control development and cell-cell interactions in healthy and diseased contexts, we can learn to program cells to become therapeutic agents or target malignant signaling events to specifically kill cancer cells. Single-cell approaches that provide deep insight into cell signaling and fate decisions will be critical to optimizing the next generation of cancer treatments combining targeted approaches and immunotherapy.
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223
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Pro-oxidative effects of aggregated transthyretin in human Schwannoma cells. Neurotoxicology 2013; 39:109-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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224
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Pei S, Minhajuddin M, Callahan KP, Balys M, Ashton JM, Neering SJ, Lagadinou ED, Corbett C, Ye H, Liesveld JL, O'Dwyer KM, Li Z, Shi L, Greninger P, Settleman J, Benes C, Hagen FK, Munger J, Crooks PA, Becker MW, Jordan CT. Targeting aberrant glutathione metabolism to eradicate human acute myelogenous leukemia cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:33542-33558. [PMID: 24089526 PMCID: PMC3837103 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.511170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of strategies to eradicate primary human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells is a major challenge to the leukemia research field. In particular, primitive leukemia cells, often termed leukemia stem cells, are typically refractory to many forms of therapy. To investigate improved strategies for targeting of human AML cells we compared the molecular mechanisms regulating oxidative state in primitive (CD34(+)) leukemic versus normal specimens. Our data indicate that CD34(+) AML cells have elevated expression of multiple glutathione pathway regulatory proteins, presumably as a mechanism to compensate for increased oxidative stress in leukemic cells. Consistent with this observation, CD34(+) AML cells have lower levels of reduced glutathione and increased levels of oxidized glutathione compared with normal CD34(+) cells. These findings led us to hypothesize that AML cells will be hypersensitive to inhibition of glutathione metabolism. To test this premise, we identified compounds such as parthenolide (PTL) or piperlongumine that induce almost complete glutathione depletion and severe cell death in CD34(+) AML cells. Importantly, these compounds only induce limited and transient glutathione depletion as well as significantly less toxicity in normal CD34(+) cells. We further determined that PTL perturbs glutathione homeostasis by a multifactorial mechanism, which includes inhibiting key glutathione metabolic enzymes (GCLC and GPX1), as well as direct depletion of glutathione. These findings demonstrate that primitive leukemia cells are uniquely sensitive to agents that target aberrant glutathione metabolism, an intrinsic property of primary human AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Pei
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | | | - Kevin P Callahan
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Marlene Balys
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - John M Ashton
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Sarah J Neering
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Eleni D Lagadinou
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Cheryl Corbett
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Haobin Ye
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Jane L Liesveld
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Kristen M O'Dwyer
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021; Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021
| | - Patricia Greninger
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Jeffrey Settleman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Cyril Benes
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Fred K Hagen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Joshua Munger
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Peter A Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Michael W Becker
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Craig T Jordan
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045.
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225
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Kim YA, Kim MY, Jung YS. Glutathione Depletion by L-Buthionine-S,R-Sulfoximine Induces Apoptosis of Cardiomyocytes through Activation of PKC-δ. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 21:358-63. [PMID: 24244823 PMCID: PMC3825199 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2013.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effect of intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion in heart-derived H9c2 cells and its mechanism. L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO) induced the depletion of cellular GSH, and BSO-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was inhibited by glutathione monoethyl ester (GME). Additionally, GME inhibited BSO-induced caspase-3 activation, annexin V-positive cells, and annexin V-negative/propidium iodide (PI)-positive cells. Treatment with rottlerin completely blocked BSO-induced cell death and ROS generation. BSO-induced GSH depletion caused a translocation of PKC-δ from the cytosol to the membrane fraction, which was inhibited by treatment with GME. From these results, it is suggested that BSO-induced depletion of cellular GSH causes an activation of PKC-δ and, subsequently, generation of ROS, thereby inducing H9c2 cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ae Kim
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Pharmacy ; Brain Korea 21 for Molecular Science and Technology
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226
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Skindersoe ME, Kjaerulff S. Comparison of three thiol probes for determination of apoptosis-related changes in cellular redox status. Cytometry A 2013; 85:179-87. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mette E. Skindersoe
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institute; Artillerivej 5 DK-2300 Copenhagen S Denmark
| | - Soeren Kjaerulff
- Research and Development; ChemoMetec A/S; Gydevang 43 DK-3450 Alleroed Denmark
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227
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ONTD induces apoptosis of human hepatoma Bel-7402 cells via a MAPK-dependent mitochondrial pathway and the depletion of intracellular glutathione. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2632-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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228
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Ji YY, Zhu YM, Wang JW. GS-2, a pyrazolo[1,5-a]indole derivative with inhibitory activity of topoisomerases, exerts its potent cytotoxic activity by ROS generation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:1186-1196. [PMID: 24184570 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]indole derivatives, a new type of topoisomerase (topo) inhibitor, demonstrate a broad spectrum of antitumor activities. However, the mechanism underlying the induced cytotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether GS-2, one of the derivatives, altered the levels of ROS in breast cancer MDA-231 cells and whether these ROS contributed to the observed antitumoral activity. Our data revealed that GS-2 caused a time- and dose-dependent elevation of intracellular ROS level in MDA-231 cells. GS-2 subsequently elicited notable inhibition on the expression of topos, DNA damage, activation of caspase-3, -9. The loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was observed during the induction. The addition of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, a well-known antioxidant) could effectively attenuate the GS-2-induced ROS enhancement and subsequent apoptosis. NAC attenuated the induced inhibition on expression of topos, indicating that topos might be the target of GS-2-induced ROS. The finding of the induced ROS provides new evidence for the molecular mechanisms of antitumor activity of pyrazolo[1,5-a]indole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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229
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Proteomic quantification and identification of carbonylated proteins upon oxidative stress and during cellular aging. J Proteomics 2013; 92:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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230
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Go YM, Roede JR, Walker DI, Duong DM, Seyfried NT, Orr M, Liang Y, Pennell KD, Jones DP. Selective targeting of the cysteine proteome by thioredoxin and glutathione redox systems. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3285-96. [PMID: 23946468 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) and GSH are the major thiol antioxidants protecting cells from oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity. Redox states of Trx and GSH have been used as indicators of oxidative stress. Accumulating studies suggest that Trx and GSH redox systems regulate cell signaling and metabolic pathways differently and independently during diverse stressful conditions. In the current study, we used a mass spectrometry-based redox proteomics approach to test responses of the cysteine (Cys) proteome to selective disruption of the Trx- and GSH-dependent systems. Auranofin (ARF) was used to inhibit Trx reductase without detectable oxidation of the GSH/GSSG couple, and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) was used to deplete GSH without detectable oxidation of Trx1. Results for 606 Cys-containing peptides (peptidyl Cys) showed that 36% were oxidized more than 1.3-fold by ARF, whereas BSO-induced oxidation of peptidyl Cys was only 10%. Mean fold oxidation of these peptides was also higher by ARF than BSO treatment. Analysis of potential functional pathways showed that ARF oxidized peptides associated with glycolysis, cytoskeleton remodeling, translation and cell adhesion. Of 60 peptidyl Cys oxidized due to depletion of GSH, 41 were also oxidized by ARF and included proteins of translation and cell adhesion but not glycolysis or cytoskeletal remodeling. Studies to test functional correlates showed that pyruvate kinase activity and lactate levels were decreased with ARF but not BSO, confirming the effects on glycolysis-associated proteins are sensitive to oxidation by ARF. These data show that the Trx system regulates a broader range of proteins than the GSH system, support distinct function of Trx and GSH in cellular redox control, and show for the first time in mammalian cells selective targeting peptidyl Cys and biological pathways due to deficient function of the Trx system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
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231
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Di Rosso ME, Barreiro Arcos ML, Elingold I, Sterle H, Baptista Ferreira S, Ferreira VF, Galleano M, Cremaschi G, Dubin M. Novel o-naphthoquinones induce apoptosis of EL-4 T lymphoma cells through the increase of reactive oxygen species. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:2094-104. [PMID: 23933437 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel β-lapachone analogs 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione (NQ1), 2-p-tolyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione (NQ3) and 2-methyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione (NQ7), which have trypanocidal activity, were assayed for cytotoxic effects on murine EL-4 T lymphoma cells. The NQs inhibited the proliferation of EL-4 cells at concentrations above 1μM. Nuclear staining of the EL-4 cells revealed chromatin condensation and a nuclear morphology compatible with the induction of apoptosis. Flow cytometry assays with annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide confirmed the cell death by apoptosis. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), a semiquinone radical was detected in EL-4 cells treated with NQs. In addition, a decrease in the GSH level in parallel with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was observed. Preincubation with n-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) was able to reverse the inhibitory effects of the NQs on cell proliferation, indicating that ROS generation is involved in NQ-induced apoptosis. In addition, the NQs induced a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the proteolytic activation of caspases 9 and 3 and the cleavage of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP). In conclusion, these results indicate that redox cycling is induced by the NQs in the EL-4 cell line, with the generation of ROS and other free radicals that could inhibit cellular proliferation as a result of the induction of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Emilia Di Rosso
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, Piso 16, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
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232
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Huang R, Wang X, Wang D, Liu F, Mei B, Tang A, Jiang J, Liang G. Multifunctional Fluorescent Probe for Sequential Detections of Glutathione and Caspase-3 in Vitro and in Cells. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6203-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4014012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui
230026, China
| | - Xijun Wang
- Department
of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai
Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dingli Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui
230026, China
| | - Fang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui
230026, China
| | - Bin Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui
230026, China
| | - Anming Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui
230026, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department
of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai
Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui
230026, China
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233
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Wentilactone B induces G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis via the Ras/Raf/MAPK signaling pathway in human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e657. [PMID: 23744357 PMCID: PMC3698549 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is generally acknowledged as the most common primary malignant tumor, and it is known to be resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Wentilactone B (WB), a tetranorditerpenoid derivative extracted from the marine algae-derived endophytic fungus Aspergillus wentii EN-48, has been shown to trigger apoptosis and inhibit metastasis in HCC cell lines. However, the mechanisms of its antitumor activity remain to be elucidated. We report here that WB could significantly induce cell cycle arrest at G2 phase and mitochondrial-related apoptosis, accompanying the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, treatment with WB induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not p38 MAP kinase. Among the pathway inhibitors examined, only SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) markedly reversedWB-induced apoptosis, and only U0126 (ERK inhibitor) significantly blocked WB-triggered G2 phase arrest. We also found that WB treatment increased both Ras and Raf activation, and transfection of cells with dominant-negative Ras (RasN17) abolishedWB-induced apoptosis and G2 phase arrest in SMMC-7721 cells. Furthermore, the results of inverse docking (INVDOCK) analysis suggested that WB could bind to Ras-GTP, and the direct binding affinity was also confirmed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Finally, in vivo, WB suppressed tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. Taken together, these results indicate that WB induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells via the Ras/Raf/ERK and Ras/Raf/JNK signaling pathways, and this agent may be a potentially useful compound for developing anticancer agents for HCC.
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234
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Chatterjee S, Chakraborty P, Banerjee K, Sinha A, Adhikary A, Das T, Choudhuri SK. Selective induction of apoptosis in various cancer cells irrespective of drug sensitivity through a copper chelate, copper N-(2 hydroxy acetophenone) glycinate: crucial involvement of glutathione. Biometals 2013; 26:517-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-013-9637-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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235
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Ping Y, Wu D, Kumar JN, Cheng W, Lay CL, Liu Y. Redox-Responsive Hyperbranched Poly(amido amine)s with Tertiary Amino Cores for Gene Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:2083-94. [DOI: 10.1021/bm400460r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ping
- Institute of Materials
Research
and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Decheng Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jatin Nitin Kumar
- Institute of Materials
Research
and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Weiren Cheng
- Institute of Materials
Research
and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Chee Leng Lay
- Institute of Materials
Research
and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Ye Liu
- Institute of Materials
Research
and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
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236
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Chuang HC, Jones T, Chen TT, BéruBé K. Cytotoxic effects of incense particles in relation to oxidative stress, the cell cycle and F-actin assembly. Toxicol Lett 2013; 220:229-37. [PMID: 23685081 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested that combustion-derived smoke, such as that produced during incense burning, is a deleterious air pollutant. It is capable of initiating oxidative stress and mutation; however, the related apoptotic processes remain unclear. In order to elucidate the biological mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced respiratory toxicology, alveolar epithelial A549 cells were exposed to incense particulate matter (PM), with and without antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). The cross-linking associations between oxidative capacity, cell cycle events, actin cytoskeletal dynamics and intracellular calcium signals were investigated. An incense PM suspension caused significant oxidative stress in A549 cells, as shown by inhibition of the cell cycle at G1 and G2/M check-points, and the induction of apoptosis at Sub-G1. At the same time, alterations in the F-actin filamentous assemblies were observed. The levels of intracellular Ca(2+) were increased after incense PM exposure. Antioxidant NAC treatment revealed that oxidative stress and F-actin remodelling was significantly mitigated. This suggests that ROS accumulation could alter cell cycle regulation and anomalous remodelling of the cortical cytoskeleton that allowed impaired cells to enter into apoptosis. This study has elucidated the integral patho-physiological interactions of incense PM and the potential mechanisms for the development of ROS-driven respiratory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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237
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Overexpression of peroxiredoxin 2 in pterygium. A proteomic approach. Exp Eye Res 2013; 110:70-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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238
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Nayak PG, Paul P, Bansal P, Kutty NG, Pai KSR. Sesamol prevents doxorubicin-induced oxidative damage and toxicity on H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:1083-93. [PMID: 23738736 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Exposure to toxicants like doxorubicin (Dox) damages cellular components by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). This can be attenuated using free radical scavengers and/or antioxidants.
Methods
Dox-exposed cardiac myoblasts (H9c2 cells) were treated with sesamol (12.5, 25 and 50 μm), a natural phenolic compound. Intracellular ROS inhibition, cell viability and analysis of antioxidant and biochemical markers such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced/oxidized glutathione, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content were performed. The effect of sesamol treatment on the cytotoxic and genotoxic parameters was studied by monitoring the signalling proteins involved in the apoptotic pathway.
Key findings
Dox triggered cellular and genetic damage by increasing levels of intracellular ROS, thereby decreasing cell viability and increasing apoptosis. Sesamol reversed the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Dox. In addition, sesamol attenuated the pro-apoptotic proteins and improved the anti-apoptotic status. Sesamol pre-treatment also alleviated the disturbed antioxidant milieu by preventing ROS production and improving endogenous enzyme levels.
Conclusions
Among the different doses tested, 50 μm of sesamol showed maximum protection against Dox-induced oxidative damage. This reflects the significance of sesamol in ameliorating the deleterious effects associated with cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan G Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Piya Paul
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Punit Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nampurath Gopalan Kutty
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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239
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Sheng L, Wang X, Sang X, Ze Y, Zhao X, Liu D, Gui S, Sun Q, Cheng J, Cheng Z, Hu R, Wang L, Hong F. Cardiac oxidative damage in mice following exposure to nanoparticulate titanium dioxide. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3238-46. [PMID: 23553934 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticulate titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2 ) is a widely used powerful nanoparticulate material with high stability, anticorrosion, and photocatalytic property. However, it is possible that during nano-TiO2 exposure, there may be negative effects on cardiovascular system in intoxicated mice. The present study was therefore undertaken to determine nano-TiO2 -induced oxidative stress and to determine whether nano-TiO2 intoxication alters the antioxidant system in the mouse heart exposed to 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg body weight nano-TiO2 for 90 consecutive days. The findings showed that long-term exposure to nano-TiO2 resulted in obvious titanium accumulation in heart, in turn led to sparse cardiac muscle fibers, inflammatory response, cell necrosis, and cardiac biochemical dysfunction. Nano-TiO2 exposure promoted remarkably reactive oxygen species production such as superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and increased malondialdehyde, carbonyl and 8-OHdG levels as degradation products of lipid, protein, and DNA peroxidation in heart. Furthermore, nano-TiO2 exposure attenuated the activities of antioxidative enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and levels of antioxidants including ascorbic acid, glutathione, and thiol in heart. Therefore, TiO2 NPs exposure may impair cardiovascular system in mice, and attention should be aroused on the application of nano-TiO2 and their potential long-term exposure effects especially on human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sheng
- Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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240
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Guo X, Mittelstaedt RA, Guo L, Shaddock JG, Heflich RH, Bigger AH, Moore MM, Mei N. Nitroxide TEMPO: a genotoxic and oxidative stress inducer in cultured cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1496-502. [PMID: 23517621 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) is a low molecular weight nitroxide and stable free radical. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of TEMPO in mammalian cells using the mouse lymphoma assay (MLA) and in vitro micronucleus assay. In the absence of metabolic activation (S9), 3mM TEMPO produced significant cytotoxicity and marginal mutagenicity in the MLA; in the presence of S9, treatment of mouse lymphoma cells with 1-2mM TEMPO resulted in dose-dependent decreases of the relative total growth and increases in mutant frequency. Treatment of TK6 human lymphoblastoid cells with 0.9-2.3mM TEMPO increased the frequency of both micronuclei (a marker for clastogenicity) and hypodiploid nuclei (a marker of aneugenicity) in a dose-dependent manner; greater responses were produced in the presence of S9. Within the dose range tested, TEMPO induced reactive oxygen species and decreased glutathione levels in mouse lymphoma cells. In addition, the majority of TEMPO-induced mutants had loss of heterozygosity at the Tk locus, with allele loss of ⩽34Mbp. These results indicate that TEMPO is mutagenic in the MLA and induces micronuclei and hypodiploid nuclei in TK6 cells. Oxidative stress may account for part of the genotoxicity induced by TEMPO in both cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Guo
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
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241
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Solecki GM, Groh IAM, Kajzar J, Haushofer C, Scherhag A, Schrenk D, Esselen M. Genotoxic properties of cyclopentenone prostaglandins and the onset of glutathione depletion. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:252-61. [PMID: 23339592 DOI: 10.1021/tx300435p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins are endogenous mediators formed from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenases and prostaglandin synthases during inflammatory processes. The five-membered ring can be dehydrated, and α,β-unsaturated cyclopentenone PGs (cyPGs) are generated. Recent studies have been focused on their potential pharmacological use against inflammation and cancer. However, little is known so far about possible adverse health effects of cyPGs. We addressed the question whether selected cyPGs at a concentration range of 0.1-10 μM exhibit mutagenic and genotoxic properties in the hamster lung fibroblast V79 cell line and whether these effects are accompanied by a depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH). The cyPGs 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15dPGJ2) and prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) significantly induced DNA damage in V79 cells after 1 h of incubation. Furthermore, a more pronounced increase in formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (FPG) sensitive sites, indicative of oxidative DNA-damage, was observed. The findings on DNA-damaging properties were supported by our results that 15dPGJ(2) acts as an aneugenic agent which induces the amount of kinetochore positive micronuclei associated with an increase of apoptosis. The strong potency of cyPGs to rapidly bind GSH measured in a chemical assay and to significantly reduce the GSH level after only 1 h of incubation may contribute to the observed oxidative DNA strand breaks, whereas directly induced oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species could be excluded. However, after an extended incubation time of 24 h no genotoxicity could be measured, this may contribute to the lack of mutagenicity in the hypoxanthine phosphorybosyltransferase (HPRT) assay. In conclusion, potential in vitro genotoxicity of cyPG and a strong impact on GSH homeostasis have been demonstrated, which may be involved in carcinogenesis mediated by chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Morten Solecki
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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242
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Wang H, Xi S, Xu Y, Wang F, Zheng Y, Li B, Li X, Zheng Q, Sun G. Sodium arsenite induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human uroepithelial cells through MAPK pathway activation and reactive oxygen species induction. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1043-8. [PMID: 23376440 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to oxidative stress and carcinogenesis. Bladder is one of the major target organs of arsenic, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) may play an important role in arsenic-induced bladder cancer. However, the mechanism by which arsenic induces COX-2 in bladder cells remains unclear. This study aimed at investigating arsenic-mediated intracellular redox status and signaling cascades leading to COX-2 induction in human uroepithelial cells (SV-HUC-1). SV-HUC-1 cells were exposed to sodium arsenite and COX-2 expression, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, glutathione (GSH) levels, ROS induction and Nrf2 expression were quantified. Our results demonstrate that arsenite (1-10 μM) elevates COX-2 expression, GSH levels, ROS and Nrf2 expression. Arsenite treatment for 24h stimulates phosphorylation of ERK and p38, but not JNK in SV-HUC-1 cells. Induction of Cox-2 mRNA levels by arsenite was attenuated by inhibitors of ERK, p38 and JNK. Arsenite-induced ROS generation and COX-2 expression were significantly attenuated by treatment with melatonin (a ROS scavenger), but enhanced by DL-buthionine-(S, R)-sulfoximine (BSO, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) resulting in lower GSH and increased ROS levels). These data indicate that arsenite promotes an induction of ROS, which results in an induction of COX-2 expression through activation of the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
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243
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Shen K, Sun L, Zhang H, Xu Y, Qian X, Lu Y, Li Q, Ni L, Liu J. A ROS-mediated lysosomal-mitochondrial pathway is induced by a novel Amonafide analogue, 7c, in human Hela cervix carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2013; 333:229-38. [PMID: 23376642 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel naphthalimide derivative 7c was designed which is topo II inhibiting though owning weak DNA binders. It was shown that 7c could induce cancer cells apoptosis and have less cytotoxicity in normal human cell. Further investigations on Hela cells revealed that 7c could also induce ROS generation, lysosome rupture as well as cathepsin B release. Subsequent mitochondrial damages including mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and the release of cytochrome c were also found in 7c when treating with Hela cells. According to our data, 7c may act as a lead compound for potential anticancer drugs. The idea of naphthalimides modification may also provide a novel strategy for naphthalimides design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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244
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Yuan Y, Zhang J, Wang M, Mei B, Guan Y, Liang G. Detection of glutathione in vitro and in cells by the controlled self-assembly of nanorings. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1280-4. [PMID: 23298193 DOI: 10.1021/ac303183v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Taking advantage of a reduction-controlled biocompatible condensation reaction and self-assembly, we have developed a new method for the determination of glutathione (GSH) concentration in vitro and in HepG2 human liver cancer cells. Upon reduction by GSH under physiological conditions (pH 7.4 in buffer), the small molecule CBT-Cys(SEt) condenses and self-assembles into nanorings, increasing the UV absorbance at 380 nm (with significant linear correlation in the 0-87 μM GSH range and a limit of detection of 1 μM). This method is also selective to GSH rather than cysteine in biological samples. Through the use of added internal standards, we successfully determined the concentration of GSH in HepG2 cells to be 14.96 μM (2.99 fmol/cell). To better understand the mechanism of nanoring self-assembly, the condensation product of CBT-Cys(SEt) formed using different concentrations of GSH and different reaction times were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
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245
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Liu H, Zhou BH, Qiu X, Wang HS, Zhang F, Fang R, Wang XF, Cai SH, Du J, Bu XZ. T63, a new 4-arylidene curcumin analogue, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through activation of the reactive oxygen species-FOXO3a pathway in lung cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:2204-17. [PMID: 23085518 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.10.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a natural polyphenol product of the plant Curcuma longa and has a diversity of antitumor activities. T63, a new 4-arylidene curcumin analogue, was reported to inhibit proliferation of lung cancer cells. However, its precise molecular antitumor mechanisms have not been well elucidated. Here, we showed that T63 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of A549 and H460 human lung cell lines via induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We found that the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-activated FOXO3a cascade plays a central role in T63-induced cell proliferation inhibition. Mechanistically, enhancement of ROS production by T63 induced FOXO3a expression and nuclear translocation through activation of p38MAPK and inhibition of AKT, subsequently elevating the expression of FOXO3a target genes, including p21, p27, and Bim, and then increased the levels of activated caspase-3 and decreased the levels of cyclin D1. Moreover, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine markedly blocked the above effects, and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of FOXO3a also significantly decreased T63-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In vivo experiments showed that T63 significantly suppressed the growth of A549 lung cancer xenograft tumors, associated with proliferation suppression and apoptosis induction in tumor tissues, without inducing any notable major organ-related toxicity. These data indicated that the novel curcumin analogue T63 is a potent antitumor agent that induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and has significant therapeutic potential for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Hua Zhou
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Qiu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Fang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Feng Wang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Hui Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xian-Zhang Bu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
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246
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Glutathione (GSH) depletion is a central signaling event that regulates the activation of cell death pathways. GSH depletion is often taken as a marker of oxidative stress and thus, as a consequence of its antioxidant properties scavenging reactive species of both oxygen and nitrogen (ROS/RNS). RECENT ADVANCES There is increasing evidence demonstrating that GSH loss is an active phenomenon regulating the redox signaling events modulating cell death activation and progression. CRITICAL ISSUES In this work, we review the role of GSH depletion by its efflux, as an important event regulating alterations in the cellular redox balance during cell death independent from oxidative stress and ROS/RNS formation. We discuss the mechanisms involved in GSH efflux during cell death progression and the redox signaling events by which GSH depletion regulates the activation of the cell death machinery. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The evidence summarized here clearly places GSH transport as a central mechanism mediating redox signaling during cell death progression. Future studies should be directed toward identifying the molecular identity of GSH transporters mediating GSH extrusion during cell death, and addressing the lack of sensitive approaches to quantify GSH efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
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247
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Sobhakumari A, Love-Homan L, Fletcher EVM, Martin SM, Parsons AD, Spitz DR, Knudson CM, Simons AL. Susceptibility of human head and neck cancer cells to combined inhibition of glutathione and thioredoxin metabolism. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48175. [PMID: 23118946 PMCID: PMC3485193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx) metabolism are mechanisms that are widely implicated in resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy. The current study determined if simultaneous inhibition of GSH and Trx metabolism enhanced cell killing of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells by a mechanism involving oxidative stress. Inhibition of GSH and Trx metabolism with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and auranofin (AUR), respectively, induced significant decreases in clonogenic survival compared to either drug alone in FaDu, Cal-27 and SCC-25 HNSCC cells in vitro and in vivo in Cal-27 xenografts. BSO+AUR significantly increased glutathione and thioredoxin oxidation and suppressed peroxiredoxin activity in vitro. Pre-treatment with N-acetylcysteine completely reversed BSO+AUR-induced cell killing in FaDu and Cal-27 cells, while catalase and selenium supplementation only inhibited BSO+AUR-induced cell killing in FaDu cells. BSO+AUR decreased caspase 3/7 activity in HNSCC cells and significantly reduced the viability of both Bax/Bak double knockout (DKO) and DKO-Bax reconstituted hematopoietic cells suggesting that necrosis was involved. BSO+AUR also significantly sensitized FaDu, Cal-27, SCC-25 and SQ20B cells to cell killing induced by the EGFR inhibitor Erlotinib in vitro. These results support the conclusion that simultaneous inhibition of GSH and Trx metabolism pathways induces oxidative stress and clonogenic killing in HNSCCs and this strategy may be useful in sensitizing HNSCCs to EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Sobhakumari
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Human Toxicology Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Laurie Love-Homan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Elise V. M. Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Human Toxicology Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Sean M. Martin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Arlene D. Parsons
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Douglas R. Spitz
- Interdisciplinary Human Toxicology Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - C. Michael Knudson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Andrean L. Simons
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Human Toxicology Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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248
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Apoptosis in health and disease and modulation of apoptosis for therapy: An overview. Indian J Clin Biochem 2012; 22:6-16. [PMID: 23105676 DOI: 10.1007/bf02913307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis a physiological mechanism that eliminates excessive, damaged or unwanted cells, is a highly regulated pathway important for maintaining homeostasis in multicellular organisms. It can be initiated through various signals via the extrinsic pathway which involves death receptors, or via the intrinsic pathway which is initiated by intracellular damage and involves the mitochondria and release of cytochrome c from it to further activate caspases. The Bcl-2 family of proteins is situated upstream to the irreversible damage of cellular constituents and is an important checkpoint in the fate of a cell. The pro-apoptotic members, BH3 only members include BID, BAD and BIM. They directly or indirectly activate multidomain BAX/BAK that constitute the requisite gateway to the intrinsic pathway which operates at the mitochondrial surface and endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, antiapoptotic members such as Bcl-2, Bcl-XL bind and sequester activation. Downstream of mitochondria, the apoptosome involvement is seen to generate caspase activity. Post mitochondria regulation involves IAPs, and their inhibitors. The pathogenesis of several diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune disorders, heart disease, infectious diseases including AIDS is closely related to aberrant apoptosis. Consequently interest has emerged in employing various the rapeutic approaches such as gene therapy, antisense therapy, recombinant biologicals, organic and combinatorial chemistry, to specifically target apoptosis signaling pathways such as death receptors FAS/TRAIL, Bcl-2, p53, IAPs, SMAC and caspases, etc. and are now advancing from preclinical to clinical phase.
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249
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Mika D, Guruvayoorappan C. Experimental study on anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effect ofThespesia populneaphytochemical extract in mice models. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 35:157-63. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2012.735237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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250
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Lee YJ, Kim KJ, Kang HY, Kim HR, Maeng PJ. Involvement of GDH3-encoded NADP+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase in yeast cell resistance to stress-induced apoptosis in stationary phase cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:44221-33. [PMID: 23105103 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.375360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate metabolism is linked to a number of fundamental metabolic pathways such as amino acid metabolism, the TCA cycle, and glutathione (GSH) synthesis. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, glutamate is synthesized from α-ketoglutarate by two NADP(+)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenases (NADP-GDH) encoded by GDH1 and GDH3. Here, we report the relationship between the function of the NADP-GDH and stress-induced apoptosis. Gdh3-null cells showed accelerated chronological aging and hypersusceptibility to thermal and oxidative stress during stationary phase. Upon exposure to oxidative stress, Gdh3-null strains displayed a rapid loss in viability associated with typical apoptotic hallmarks, i.e. reactive oxygen species accumulation, nuclear fragmentation, DNA breakage, and phosphatidylserine translocation. In addition, Gdh3-null cells, but not Gdh1-null cells, had a higher tendency toward GSH depletion and subsequent reactive oxygen species accumulation than did WT cells. GSH depletion was rescued by exogenous GSH or glutamate. The hypersusceptibility of stationary phase Gdh3-null cells to stress-induced apoptosis was suppressed by deletion of GDH2. Promoter swapping and site-directed mutagenesis of GDH1 and GDH3 indicated that the necessity of GDH3 for the resistance to stress-induced apoptosis and chronological aging is due to the stationary phase-specific expression of GDH3 and concurrent degradation of Gdh1 in which the Lys-426 residue plays an essential role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Joo Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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