201
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Cuparencu C, Praticó G, Hemeryck LY, Sri Harsha PSC, Noerman S, Rombouts C, Xi M, Vanhaecke L, Hanhineva K, Brennan L, Dragsted LO. Biomarkers of meat and seafood intake: an extensive literature review. GENES & NUTRITION 2019; 14:35. [PMID: 31908682 PMCID: PMC6937850 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Meat, including fish and shellfish, represents a valuable constituent of most balanced diets. Consumption of different types of meat and fish has been associated with both beneficial and adverse health effects. While white meats and fish are generally associated with positive health outcomes, red and especially processed meats have been associated with colorectal cancer and other diseases. The contribution of these foods to the development or prevention of chronic diseases is still not fully elucidated. One of the main problems is the difficulty in properly evaluating meat intake, as the existing self-reporting tools for dietary assessment may be imprecise and therefore affected by systematic and random errors. Dietary biomarkers measured in biological fluids have been proposed as possible objective measurements of the actual intake of specific foods and as a support for classical assessment methods. Good biomarkers for meat intake should reflect total dietary intake of meat, independent of source or processing and should be able to differentiate meat consumption from that of other protein-rich foods; alternatively, meat intake biomarkers should be specific to each of the different meat sources (e.g., red vs. white; fish, bird, or mammal) and/or cooking methods. In this paper, we present a systematic investigation of the scientific literature while providing a comprehensive overview of the possible biomarker(s) for the intake of different types of meat, including fish and shellfish, and processed and heated meats according to published guidelines for biomarker reviews (BFIrev). The most promising biomarkers are further validated for their usefulness for dietary assessment by published validation criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălina Cuparencu
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Giulia Praticó
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lieselot Y. Hemeryck
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Pedapati S. C. Sri Harsha
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Belfield 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stefania Noerman
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Caroline Rombouts
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Muyao Xi
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Belfield 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lars O. Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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202
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What Is the Impact of Diet on Nutritional Diarrhea Associated with Gut Microbiota in Weaning Piglets: A System Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6916189. [PMID: 31976326 PMCID: PMC6949732 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6916189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Piglets experience severe growth challenges and diarrhea after weaning due to nutritional, social, psychological, environmental, and physiological changes. Among these changes, the nutritional factor plays a key role in postweaning health. Dietary protein, fibre, starch, and electrolyte levels are highly associated with postweaning nutrition diarrhea (PWND). In this review, we mainly discuss the high protein, fibre, resistant starch, and electrolyte imbalance in diets that induce PWND, with a focus on potential mechanisms in weaned piglets.
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203
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Takiya CS, Ylioja CM, Bennett A, Davidson MJ, Sudbeck M, Wickersham TA, VandeHaar MJ, Bradford BJ. Feeding Dairy Cows With “Leftovers” and the Variation in Recovery of Human-Edible Nutrients in Milk. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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204
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Sulfur-containing amino acid supplementation to gilts from late pregnancy to lactation altered offspring's intestinal microbiota and plasma metabolites. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1227-1242. [PMID: 31853564 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition during late pregnancy and lactation is highly involved with the offspring's health status. The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different ratios of methionine and cysteine (Met/Cys: 46% Met, 51% Met, 56% Met, and 62% Met; maintained with 0.78% of total sulfur-containing amino acids; details in "Materials and methods") supplements in the sows' diet from late pregnancy to lactation on offspring's plasma metabolomics and intestinal microbiota. The results revealed that the level of serum albumin, calcium, iron, and magnesium was increased in the 51% Met group compared with the 46% Met, 56% Met, and 62% Met groups. Plasma metabolomics results indicated that the higher ratios of methionine and cysteine (0.51% Met, 0.56% Met, and 0.62% Met)-supplemented groups enriched the level of hippuric acid, retinoic acid, riboflavin, and δ-tocopherol than in the 46% Met group. Furthermore, the 51% Met-supplemented group had a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes compared with the other three groups (P < 0.05), while the 62% Met-supplemented group increased the abundance of Proteobacteria compared with the other three groups (P < 0.05) in piglets' intestine. These results indicated that a diet consisting with 51% Met is the optimum Met/Cys ratio from late pregnancy to lactation can maintain the offspring's health by improving the serum biochemical indicators and altering the plasma metabolomics profile and intestinal gut microbiota composition, but higher proportion of Met/Cys may increase the possible risk to offspring's health.
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205
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Minocha S, Makkar S, Swaminathan S, Thomas T, Webb P, Kurpad AV. Supply and demand of high quality protein foods in India: Trends and opportunities. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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206
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Reckman GAR, Navis GJ, Krijnen WP, Vonk RJ, Jager-Wittenaar H, van der Schans CP. Aerobic exercise increases post-exercise exogenous protein oxidation in healthy young males. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225803. [PMID: 31765432 PMCID: PMC6876877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity to utilize ingested protein for optimal support of protein synthesis and lean body mass is described within the paradigm of anabolic competence. Protein synthesis can be stimulated by physical exercise, however, it is not known if physical exercise affects post-exercise protein oxidation. Characterization of the driving forces behind protein oxidation, such as exercise, can contribute to improved understanding of whole body protein metabolism. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of two levels of aerobic exercise intensity on immediate post-exercise exogenous protein oxidation. Sixteen healthy males with a mean (SD) age of 24 (4) years participated. The subjects' VO2-max was estimated with the Åstrand cycling test. Habitual dietary intake was assessed with a three-day food diary. Exogenous protein oxidation was measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. These measurements were initiated after the ingestion of a 30 g 13C-milk protein test drink that was followed by 330 minutes breath sample collection. On three different days with at least one week in between, exogenous protein oxidation was measured: 1) during rest, 2) after 15 minutes of aerobic exercise at 30% of VO2-max (moderate intensity), and 3) after 15 minutes of aerobic exercise at 60% of VO2-max (vigorous intensity). After vigorous intensity aerobic exercise, 31.8%±8.0 of the 30 g 13C-milk protein was oxidized compared to 26.2%±7.1 during resting condition (p = 0.012), and 25.4%±7.6 after moderate intensity aerobic exercise compared to resting (p = 0.711). In conclusion, exogenous protein oxidation is increased after vigorous intensity aerobic exercise which could be the result of an increased protein turnover rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerlof A. R. Reckman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Centre of Expertise Healthy Ageing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerjan J. Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim P. Krijnen
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Centre of Expertise Healthy Ageing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Roel J. Vonk
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harriët Jager-Wittenaar
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Centre of Expertise Healthy Ageing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cees P. van der Schans
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Centre of Expertise Healthy Ageing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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207
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Verspoor E, Voortman T, van Rooij FJA, Rivadeneira F, Franco OH, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Schoufour JD. Macronutrient intake and frailty: the Rotterdam Study. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:2919-2928. [PMID: 31728680 PMCID: PMC7501120 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the longitudinal association between the macronutrient composition of the diet and frailty. Methods Data were obtained from 5205 Dutch middle-aged and older adults participating in the Rotterdam Study. Frailty was measured using a frailty index based on the accumulation of 38 health-related deficits, score between 0 and 100, and a higher score indicating more frailty. Frailty was assessed at baseline and 11 years later (range of 23 years). Macronutrient intake was assessed using food-frequency questionnaires. The association between macronutrients and frailty over time was evaluated using multivariable linear regression, adjusted for the frailty index at baseline, energy intake, and other relevant confounders. All analyses were performed in strata of BMI. Results Median frailty index score was 13.8 points (IQR 9.6; 19.1) at baseline and increased by a median of 2.3 points (IQR − 2.0; 7.6) after 11 years. Overall, we found no significant associations between intake of carbohydrates or fat and frailty over time. We did observe a significant positive association between an iso-energetic intake of 10 g protein and frailty over time (β 0.31 (95% CI 0.06; 0.55)) which was mainly driven by animal protein (β 0.31 (95% CI 0.07; 0.56)). It did not depend on whether it was substituted fat or carbohydrates. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a reduction in the intake of animal protein may improve the overall health status over time in a relatively healthy population. More research is needed on the optimal macronutrient composition of the diet and frailty in more vulnerable populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-019-02131-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Verspoor
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank J A van Rooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center/LUMC Campus, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Josje D Schoufour
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, ACHIEVE-Centre of Applied Research, Faculty of Health, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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208
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Liu J, Klebach M, Visser M, Hofman Z. Amino Acid Availability of a Dairy and Vegetable Protein Blend Compared to Single Casein, Whey, Soy, and Pea Proteins: A Double-Blind, Cross-Over Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2613. [PMID: 31683779 PMCID: PMC6893549 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein quality is important for patients needing medical nutrition, especially those dependent on tube feeding. A blend of dairy and vegetable proteins (35% whey, 25% casein, 20% soy, 20% pea; P4) developed to obtain a more balanced amino acid profile with higher chemical scores, was compared to its constituent single proteins. Fourteen healthy elderly subjects received P4, whey, casein, soy, and pea (18 g/360 mL bolus) on five separate visits. Blood samples were collected at baseline until 240 min after intake. Amino acid availability was calculated using incremental maximal concentration (iCmax) and area under the curve (iAUC). Availability for P4 as a sum of all amino acids was similar to casein (iCmax and iAUC) and whey (iCmax) and higher vs. soy (iCmax and iAUC) and pea (iCmax). Individual amino acid availability (iCmax and iAUC) showed different profiles reflecting the composition of the protein sources: availability of leucine and methionine was higher for P4 vs. soy and pea; availability of arginine was higher for P4 vs. casein and whey. Conclusions: The P4 amino acid profile was reflected in post-prandial plasma levels and may be regarded as more balanced compared to the constituent single proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Liu
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Monique Visser
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Zandrie Hofman
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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209
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Budhathoki S, Sawada N, Iwasaki M, Yamaji T, Goto A, Kotemori A, Ishihara J, Takachi R, Charvat H, Mizoue T, Iso H, Tsugane S. Association of Animal and Plant Protein Intake With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Japanese Cohort. JAMA Intern Med 2019; 179:1509-1518. [PMID: 31682257 PMCID: PMC6714005 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Epidemiological evidence regarding the long-term effects of higher dietary protein intake on mortality outcomes in the general population is not clear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations between animal and plant protein intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective cohort study included 70 696 participants in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Cohort who were aged 45 to 74 years and had no history of cancer, cerebrovascular disease, or ischemic heart disease at study baseline. Data were collected from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 1999, with follow-up completed December 31, 2016, during which 12 381 total deaths were documented. Dietary intake information was collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire and used to estimate protein intake in all participants. Participants were grouped into quintile categories based on their protein intake, expressed as a percentage of total energy. Data were analyzed from July 18, 2017, through April 10, 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for all-cause and cause-specific mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models with adjustment for potential confounding factors. RESULTS Among the 70 696 participants, 32 201 (45.5%) were men (mean [SD] age, 55.6 [7.6] years) and 38 495 (54.5%) were women (mean [SD] age, 55.8 [7.7] years). Intake of animal protein showed no clear association with total or cause-specific mortality. In contrast, intake of plant protein was associated with lower total mortality, with multivariable-adjusted HRs of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.83-0.95) for quintile 2; 0.88 (95% CI, 0.82-0.95) for quintile 3; 0.84 (95% CI, 0.77-0.92) for quintile 4; and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.78-0.96) for quintile 5, with quintile 1 as the reference category (P = .01 for trend). For cause-specific mortality, this association with plant protein intake was evident for cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality (HRs, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.73-0.96] to 0.70 [95% CI, 0.59-0.83]; P = .002 for trend). Isocaloric substitution of 3% energy from plant protein for red meat protein was associated with lower total (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.55-0.80), cancer-related (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.45-0.82), and CVD-related (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39-0.86) mortality; substitution for processed meat protein was associated with lower total (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.38-0.75) and cancer-related (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.30-0.85) mortality. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this large prospective study, higher plant protein intake was associated with lower total and CVD-related mortality. Although animal protein intake was not associated with mortality outcomes, replacement of red meat protein or processed meat protein with plant protein was associated with lower total, cancer-related, and CVD-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Budhathoki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kotemori
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Ishihara
- Department of Food and Life Science, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ribeka Takachi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hadrien Charvat
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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210
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Zhao F, Song S, Ma Y, Xu X, Zhou G, Li C. A Short-Term Feeding of Dietary Casein Increases Abundance of Lactococcus lactis and Upregulates Gene Expression Involving Obesity Prevention in Cecum of Young Rats Compared With Dietary Chicken Protein. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2411. [PMID: 31708891 PMCID: PMC6824296 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Casein and chicken are assessed to contain high quality proteins, which are essential for human health. Studies have shown that ingestion of the two dietary proteins resulted in distinct effects on physiology, liver transcriptome and gut microbiota. However, its underlying mechanism is not fully understood, in particular for a crosstalk between gut microbiota and host under a specific diet intervention. We fed young rats with a casein or a chicken protein-based diet (CHPD) for 7 days, and characterized cecal microbiota composition and cecal gene expression. We found that a short-term intervention with a casein-based diet (CAD) induced a higher relative abundance of beneficial bacterium Lactococcus lactis as well as Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, which upregulated galactose metabolism of the microbiome compared with a CHPD. The CAD also upregulated gene expression involved in obesity associated pathways (e.g., Adipoq and Irs1) in cecal tissue of rats. These genes and the bacterial taxon were reported to play an important role in protecting development of obesity. Furthermore, the differentially represented bacterial taxon L. lactis was positively associated with these differentially expressed genes in the gut tissue. Our results provide a new insight into the crosstalk between gut microbiota and host in response to dietary proteins, indicating a potential mechanism of obesity prevention function by casein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Shangxin Song
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yafang Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunbao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing, China
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211
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Goron A, Breuillard C, Cunin V, Bourgoin-Voillard S, Seve M, Moinard C. Modulation of muscle protein synthesis by amino acids: what consequences for the secretome? A preliminary in vitro study. Amino Acids 2019; 51:1681-1688. [PMID: 31654208 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The modulation by amino acids of muscle secretome is largely unknown. In this study, we investigate the effect of hyperaminoacidemia or specific amino acids (citrulline or leucine) on protein synthesis and secretome in myotubes. All conditions stimulate muscle protein synthesis, and secretome is differently modulated depending of the amino acids considered. In conclusion, the activation of protein synthesis by amino acids induces different modulations of the muscle secretome, proposing a new role of amino acids in the regulation of muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Goron
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, LBFA et BEeSy, INSERM U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, 2280 rue de la Piscine, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Charlotte Breuillard
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, LBFA et BEeSy, INSERM U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, 2280 rue de la Piscine, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Valérie Cunin
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, LBFA et BEeSy, INSERM U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, 2280 rue de la Piscine, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble Alpes, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Bourgoin-Voillard
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, LBFA et BEeSy, INSERM U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, 2280 rue de la Piscine, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble Alpes, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Seve
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, LBFA et BEeSy, INSERM U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, 2280 rue de la Piscine, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble Alpes, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Moinard
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, LBFA et BEeSy, INSERM U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, 2280 rue de la Piscine, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France.
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212
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Schoufour JD, Overdevest E, Weijs PJM, Tieland M. Dietary Protein, Exercise, and Frailty Domains. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2399. [PMID: 31597289 PMCID: PMC6835617 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing awareness of the impact of frailty on elderly people resulted in research focusing on factors that contribute to the development and persistence of frailty including nutrition and physical activity. Most effort so far has been spent on understanding the association between protein intake and the physical domain of frailty. Far less is known for other domains of frailty: cognition, mood, social health and comorbidity. Therefore, in the present narrative review, we elaborate on the evidence currently known on the association between protein and exercise as well as the broader concept of frailty. Most, but not all, identified studies concluded that low protein intake is associated with a higher prevalence and incidence of physical frailty. Far less is known on the broader concept of frailty. The few studies that do look into this association find a clear beneficial effect of physical activity but no conclusions regarding protein intake can be made yet. Similar, for other important aspects of frailty including mood, cognition, and comorbidity, the number of studies are limited and results are inconclusive. Future studies need to focus on the relation between dietary protein and the broader concept of frailty and should also consider the protein source, amount and timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josje D Schoufour
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1097 DZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Faculty Health, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1097 DZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Elvera Overdevest
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1097 DZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter J M Weijs
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1097 DZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Michael Tieland
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1097 DZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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213
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Mota JA, Nuckols G, Smith-Ryan AE. Nutritional Periodization: Applications for the Strength Athlete. Strength Cond J 2019. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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214
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Xavier ADS, Furtado DZS, Assunção NA, Nascimento AN. Bioacessibility of Fe and Zn (associated to proteins) in cashew nut. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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215
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de Sousa MV, da Silva Soares DB, Caraça ER, Cardoso R. Dietary protein and exercise for preservation of lean mass and perspectives on type 2 diabetes prevention. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:992-1004. [PMID: 31307203 PMCID: PMC6879776 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219861910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedentary lifestyle and aging favor the increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes and their comorbidities. The loss of lean body mass reduces muscle strength, resulting in impaired functional capacity and leading to increased risks of chronic diseases with advancing age. Besides aging, conditions such as inappetence, social isolation, and inadequate dietary intake cause the loss of lean body mass and increased abdominal fatty mass, resulting in sarcopenic obesity and predisposition to type 2 diabetes. Compared to younger people, this condition is more common in the elderly owing to natural changes in body composition associated with aging. Lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity and improved dietary behaviors are effective for preventing the occurrence of comorbidities. Regarding muscle nutrition, besides caloric adequacy, meeting the requirements for the consumption of dietary amino acids and proteins is important for treating sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity because muscle tissue mainly consists of proteins and is, therefore, the largest reservoir of amino acids in the body. Thus, this review discusses the effects of dietary protein on the preservation of lean body mass, improvements in the functional capacity of muscle tissue, and prevention of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. In addition, we address the effects of regular physical training associated with dietary protein strategies on lean body mass, body fat loss, and muscle strength in the elderly at a risk for type 2 diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Vieira de Sousa
- Endocrinology Division, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - Elaine Reis Caraça
- Organização Social de Saúde, Santa Marcelina de Itaquaquecetuba, SP 08599-280, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Cardoso
- Endocrinology Division, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
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216
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Almeida JA, Santana HAP, Motta-Santos D, Nogueira ME, Silva KKS, Miotto H, Medeiros CS, Faria-Ravagnani CC, Voltarelli FA, Guimarães RDCA. High-Protein Diet Associated with Bocaiuva Supplementation Decreases Body Fat and Improves Glucose Tolerance in Resistance-Trained Rats. J Med Food 2019; 23:258-265. [PMID: 31464557 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High-protein diets (HPDs) are widely used for health and performance. However, the combination of whey protein and natural foods (i.e., fruits) is still unclear. Thus, we evaluated the role of supplemental HPD with Bocaiuva (Acrocomia sp.) in metabolic and body composition parameters of rats submitted to resistance training (RT). Wistar rats (203.3 ± 30 g) were randomly allocated to five groups: normoproteic control (CON, n = 5), sedentary high-protein (SH, n = 5), RT + H (trained high-protein [TH], n = 5), sedentary+Bocaiuva (SH+B, n = 4), and RT+Bocaiuva (TH+B, n = 4) diet groups. After 12 weeks of RT, the maximal strength increased in both trained groups (P < .05). The TH + B group had lower values of adiposity index (AI) (3.8 ± 0.7% vs. 6.8 ± 1.3%) and visceral fat (0.038 ± 0.004 g/g vs. 0.067 ± 0.012 g/g) compared with the SH group, respectively (P < .05). The other groups did not show differences in values of AI (CON, 5.4 ± 1.6%, TH, 5.4 ± 1.3%, and SH+B, 5.5 ± 1.2%). In addition, the fasting glucose of trained groups (TH, 106.0 ± 4.5, and TH+B, 100.4 ± 13.5 dL/mg) was significantly lower when compared with controls (SH, 120.0 ± 14.4, and SH+B, 119 ± 6.4 dL/mg) (P < .05). Bocaiuva combined with an HPD reduced visceral fat and AI in addition to improving glucose tolerance of rats submitted to RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeser A Almeida
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance-PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Hugo Alexandre P Santana
- Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance-PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Graduate Program in Sports Science, Department of Sports, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Murilo E Nogueira
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance-PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Keemilyn Karla S Silva
- Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance-PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Miotto
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance-PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Claudia S Medeiros
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Christianne C Faria-Ravagnani
- Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance-PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Fabrício A Voltarelli
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia A Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
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217
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Abey NO, Ebuehi OAT, Imaga NOA. Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Impairment in Parents and Progeny of Perinatal Dietary Protein Deficiency Models. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:826. [PMID: 31551668 PMCID: PMC6736561 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an absolute dependence of the concept of development on supply of adequately balanced nutrients especially during the perinatal age which is critical to development. Therefore, an upgraded nutrition is specially required during gestation and lactation, as this is the critical period of neurodevelopment. This study sought to investigate the effect of protein deficiency during gestation (F0) and lactation through to adolescence on neurological functions of subsequent (F1 and F2) generations, establishing the possible consequential mechanistic association. Rats in four groups were fed different rations of protein diets (PD) as formulated: 21% PD, 10% PD, 5% PD and control diet (standard rat chow, containing 16-18% protein), from adolescent through to gestation and lactation, next generations were weaned to the maternal diet group. Neurobehavioral studies (which include; Surface righting reflex, Negative geotaxis, Learning and Memory tests), brain oxidative stress and quantification of serotonin and dopamine levels in the brain were conducted. Result shows significantly altered neurobehavior, reflected in the reduction of reflex response and postural reaction score at P ≤ 0.05. There was also a transgenerational cognitive impairment of brain function in the F-generations, following perinatal protein malnutrition as shown in the Y-maze result, measuring spatial memory and Morris water maze result (cognition), providing a background for the observed sensorimotor response. The significant increase in dopamine level, decrease in the antioxidant capacity of the protein deficient brain groups are consistent with significantly altered serotonin system, critical to neurodevelopment and functional activities of learning and memory. Therefore, persistent early life protein deficiency mediates dysfunction in neurodevelopment and this involves life-long changes in key neurotransmitters and the brain redox status underlying the neurobehavioral display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosarieme O. Abey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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218
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Groenendijk I, den Boeft L, van Loon LJ, de Groot LC. High Versus low Dietary Protein Intake and Bone Health in Older Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1101-1112. [PMID: 31462966 PMCID: PMC6704341 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein may play a beneficial role in the prevention of bone loss and in slowing down osteoporosis. The effect of dietary protein may be different in older adults compared to younger adults, since this population has a greater need for protein. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the impact of a dietary protein intake above the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of 0.8 g/kg body weight/day from any source on Bone Mineral Density (BMD)/Bone Mineral Content (BMC), bone turnover markers, and fracture risk in older adults compared to a lower dietary protein intake. A systematic search was conducted through October 2018 in 3 databases: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. We included all prospective cohort studies and Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) among adults aged ≥65 years that examined the relation between protein intake on bone health outcomes. Two investigators independently conducted abstract and full-text screenings, data extractions, and risk of bias assessments. Authors were contacted for missing data. After screening of 523 records, twelve cohort studies and one RCT were included. Qualitative evaluation showed a positive trend between higher protein intakes and higher femoral neck and total hip BMD. Meta-analysis of four cohort studies showed that higher protein intakes resulted in a significant decrease in hip fractures (pooled hazard ratio: 0.89; 95% confidence interval: 0.84, 0.94). This systematic review supports that a protein intake above the current RDA may reduce hip fracture risk and may play a beneficial role in BMD maintenance and loss in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Groenendijk
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura den Boeft
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J.C. van Loon
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette C.P.G.M. de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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219
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Islamoglu AH, Kenger EB. Nutrition Considerations for Athletes with Physical Disabilities. Curr Sports Med Rep 2019; 18:270-274. [PMID: 31283628 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition, which is an important factor that improves physical performance, has a major place in the lives of both disabled and nondisabled athletes. The main purpose of nutritional assessment of disabled athletes is to assess the individual's consumption to determine the insufficiencies and to suggest the necessary changes to design the most appropriate nutrition plan. Nutrition strategies play a key role in confirming the performance of disabled athletes. Considering the nature of the disability and the specific sports branch, it is important to determine the necessary nutrition solutions to ensure the best protection for the athletes concerned. The literature on the specific nutritional needs for the best sports performance of disabled athletes is insufficient and should be considered in light of current information on specific disability physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Humeyra Islamoglu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, TURKEY
| | - Emre Batuhan Kenger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bahcesehir University, Besiktas, Istanbul, TURKEY
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220
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A Strategy to Deliver Precise Oral Doses of the Glucosinolates or Isothiocyanates from Moringa oleifera Leaves for Use in Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071547. [PMID: 31323988 PMCID: PMC6682957 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tropical tree Moringa oleifera produces high yields of protein-rich leaf biomass, is widely used as a food source, contains an abundance of phytochemicals, and thus has great potential for chronic disease prevention and perhaps, treatment. We have developed and characterized standardized ways of preparing aqueous “teas” from moringa leaves to deliver precisely calibrated levels of phytochemicals for use in clinical trials. These phytochemicals, especially the glucosinolate glucomoringin and the isothiocyanate moringin, produced from it following hydrolysis by the enzyme myrosinase, provide potent anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective indirect antioxidant activity. The taste of both hot and cold teas is palatable without the need for flavor masking. These teas can be easily and reproducibly prepared in underserved tropical regions of the world where moringa is cultivated. Isothiocyanate yield from a cold extraction was rapid and essentially complete after 30 min and its anti-inflammatory potential is comparable to that of equimolar purified moringin. A preparation similar to this may be safe to consume with respect to its bacterial titer even after 48 h without refrigeration. Thus, facile delivery of moringa tea to both adults and children for clinical evaluation of their effects on such conditions as autism, diabetes, and hypertension, is now possible.
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221
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Ng AK, Hairi NN, Jalaludin MY, Majid HA. Dietary intake, physical activity and muscle strength among adolescents: the Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team (MyHeART) study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026275. [PMID: 31248920 PMCID: PMC6597745 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the role of dietary intake and physical activity in muscle strength among adolescents. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING The Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team (MyHeART) study. PARTICIPANTS Fifteen-year-old secondary school children who have given consent and who participated in the MyHeART study in 2014. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Muscle strength was measured in relation to dietary intake (energy and macronutrients) and physical activity by using a hand grip dynamometer. RESULTS Among the 1012 participants (395 male; 617 female), the hand grip strength of the males was higher than that of the females (27.08 kg vs 18.63 kg; p<0.001). Also, males were more active (2.43vs2.12; p<0.001) and consumed a higher amount of energy (2047 kcal vs 1738 kcal; p<0.001), carbohydrate (280.71 g vs 229.31 g; p<0.001) and protein (1.46 g/kg body weight (BW) vs 1.35 g/kg BW; p<0.168). After controlling for ethnicity, place of residency and body mass index, there was a positive relationship between hand grip strength and the intake of energy (r=0.14; p=0.006), carbohydrate (r=0.153; p=0.002) and fat (r=0.124; p=0.014) and the physical activity score (r=0.170; p=0.001) and a negative relationship between hand grip strength and the intake of protein (r=-0.134; p=0.008), for males. However, this was not observed among females. CONCLUSIONS Energy, carbohydrate and fat intakes and physical activity score were positively correlated with hand grip strength while protein intake was negatively correlated with hand grip strength in males but not in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Kah Ng
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- School of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noran Naqiah Hairi
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice and Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Hazreen Abdul Majid
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Nutrition, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
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222
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Does Beef Protein Supplementation Improve Body Composition and Exercise Performance? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061429. [PMID: 31242624 PMCID: PMC6628355 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein supplementation might improve body composition and exercise performance. Supplements containing whey protein (WP) have received the most attention, but other protein sources such as beef protein (BP) are gaining popularity. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared the effects of exercise training combined with BP, WP or no protein supplementation (NP), on body composition or exercise performance. Secondary endpoints included intervention effects on total protein intake and hematological parameters. Seven studies (n = 270 participants) were included. No differences were found between BP and WP for total protein intake (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.04, p = 0.892), lean body mass (LBM) (SMD = -0.01, p = 0.970) or fat mass (SMD = 0.07, p = 0.760). BP significantly increased total daily protein intake (SMD = 0.68, p < 0.001), LBM (SMD = 0.34, p = 0.049) and lower-limb muscle strength (SMD = 0.40, p = 0.014) compared to NP, but no significant differences were found between both conditions for fat mass (SMD = 0.15, p = 0.256), upper-limb muscle strength (SMD = 0.16, p = 0.536) or total iron intake (SMD = 0.29, p = 0.089). In summary, BP provides similar effects to WP on protein intake and body composition and, compared to NP, might be an effective intervention to increase total daily protein intake, LBM and lower-limb muscle strength.
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223
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Hou Y, He W, Hu S, Wu G. Composition of polyamines and amino acids in plant-source foods for human consumption. Amino Acids 2019; 51:1153-1165. [PMID: 31197570 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyamines and amino acids (AAs) are crucial for human growth, development, reproduction, and health. However, the scientific literature shows large variations in polyamine and AA concentrations among major staple foods of plant origin, and there is a scarcity of information regarding their complete composition of AAs. To provide a much-needed database, we quantified polyamines, agmatine, and AAs in select plant-source foods. On the dry matter basis, total polyamines were most abundant in corn grains, followed by soybeans, sweet potatoes, pistachio nuts, potatoes, peanuts, wheat flour and white rice in descending order. Glutamine was the most abundant AA in pistachio nuts, wheat flour and white rice, arginine in peanuts, leucine in corn grains, glutamate in soybeans, and asparagine in potatoes and sweet potatoes. Glutamine was the second most abundant AA in corn grains, peanuts, potatoes, and soybeans, arginine in pistachio nuts, proline in wheat flour, and glutamate in sweet potatoes and white rice. Free AAs represented ≤ 3.1% of total AAs in corn grains, peanuts, pistachio nuts, soybeans, wheat flour and white rice, but 34.4% and 28.5% in potatoes and sweet potatoes, respectively. Asparagine accounted for 32.3%, 17.5%, and 19.4% of total free AAs in potatoes, sweet potatoes, and white rice, respectively. The content of histidine, glycine, lysine, tryptophan, methionine, cysteine, and threonine was relatively low in corn grains, potatoes, sweet potatoes, and white rice. All of the analyzed plant-source foods lacked taurine, creatine, carnosine and anserine (antioxidants that are abundant in meats and also present in milk), and contained little 4-hydroxyproline. Proper proportions of plant- and animal-source products are likely most desirable for optimizing human nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Hou
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Animal Nutrition and Gut Health, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Wenliang He
- Department of Animal Science and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Shengdi Hu
- Department of Animal Science and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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224
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Construction of a synthetic protein using PCR with a high essential amino acid content for nutritional purposes. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1593-1601. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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225
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Lu Z, Wang J, Gao R, Ye F, Zhao G. Sustainable valorisation of tomato pomace: A comprehensive review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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226
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Koyande AK, Chew KW, Rambabu K, Tao Y, Chu DT, Show PL. Microalgae: A potential alternative to health supplementation for humans. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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227
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Guest NS, Horne J, Vanderhout SM, El-Sohemy A. Sport Nutrigenomics: Personalized Nutrition for Athletic Performance. Front Nutr 2019; 6:8. [PMID: 30838211 PMCID: PMC6389634 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An individual's dietary and supplement strategies can influence markedly their physical performance. Personalized nutrition in athletic populations aims to optimize health, body composition, and exercise performance by targeting dietary recommendations to an individual's genetic profile. Sport dietitians and nutritionists have long been adept at placing additional scrutiny on the one-size-fits-all general population dietary guidelines to accommodate various sporting populations. However, generic "one-size-fits-all" recommendations still remain. Genetic differences are known to impact absorption, metabolism, uptake, utilization and excretion of nutrients and food bioactives, which ultimately affects a number of metabolic pathways. Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics are experimental approaches that use genomic information and genetic testing technologies to examine the role of individual genetic differences in modifying an athlete's response to nutrients and other food components. Although there have been few randomized, controlled trials examining the effects of genetic variation on performance in response to an ergogenic aid, there is a growing foundation of research linking gene-diet interactions on biomarkers of nutritional status, which impact exercise and sport performance. This foundation forms the basis from which the field of sport nutrigenomics continues to develop. We review the science of genetic modifiers of various dietary factors that impact an athlete's nutritional status, body composition and, ultimately athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanci S Guest
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Nutrigenomix Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justine Horne
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Shelley M Vanderhout
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Nutrigenomix Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Nutrigenomix Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
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228
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Shirouchi B, Matsuoka R. Alleviation of Metabolic Syndrome with Dietary Egg White Protein. J Oleo Sci 2019; 68:517-524. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bungo Shirouchi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University
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229
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ICER MA, GEZMEN-KARADAG M. The potential effects of dietary food and beverage intakes on the risk of kidney stone formation. REV NUTR 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-9865201932e190029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To determine the effect of nutritional habits on kidney stone formation and recurrence. Methods This study was conducted on 44 healthy individuals and 44 patients diagnosed with nephrolithiasis and aging between 20 and 65 years. Participants shared their salt consumption habits, daily fluid consumption amounts and general information about themselves in a questionnaire form. In addition, food and beverage consumption frequencies of participants were recorded through a food frequency questionnaire. Results Salt consumption frequencies of patients are higher than that of healthy individuals in both genders (p<0.05). It was found out that male individuals in the patient group salt dishes without tasting more frequently (p<0.05). Daily total water consumption of both genders in patient group is lower than that of healthy individuals (p<0.05). Meat consumption of male patients (51.6±31.35g/day) was found to be higher than that of healthy group (34.1±22.58g/day) (p<0.05). Additionally, individuals in the patient group consume less stinging nettle, corn, plum, loquat, orange juice and lemonade than healthy individuals (p<0.05). Conclusion Results of the study showed that total fluid intake, salt consumption habits, and vegetable, fruit and beverage consumption may be correlated with stone formation risk and nutrition habits may affect stone recurrence.
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Wang P, Yin N, Cai X, Du H, Li Z, Sun G, Cui Y. Nutritional status affects the bioaccessibility and speciation of arsenic from soils in a simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:815-821. [PMID: 29990930 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic contaminant in food and soil. In this study, we investigated the effects of four nutritional states (including a fed state with vitamin C, a fed state with protein powder, a fed state with glucose and a fasted state) on the variability of soil As bioaccessibility and biotransformation using the physiologically based extraction test (PBET) combined with a simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem model (SHIME). The results indicated that the vitamin C and protein powder increased As bioaccessibility in gastric digests. In the colon phase, As bioaccessibility was observably enhanced by protein powder, and it varied under the vitamin C and glucose conditions. Additionally, the order of As methylation percentages in the four nutritional states was protein powder > vitamin C > fasted state > glucose (except S2); As bioaccessibility increased 1.3-13.7% and 15.8-35.4% in treatments of the vitamin C and protein powder, respectively. Meanwhile, large amounts of monomethylarsonic acid (MMAV) were observed in the colon digest in the protein powder condition. In contrast, As methylation was significantly decreased with the addition of glucose, with a decline of 25.9-45.5%. Additionally, glucose enhanced the reduction of As(V). Therefore, nutritional status is a crucial parameter for the prediction of bioaccessibility and speciation of As when assessing health risks from As following oral exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Naiyi Yin
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaolin Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huili Du
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zejiao Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guoxin Sun
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yanshan Cui
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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231
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Oparija L, Rajendran A, Poncet N, Verrey F. Anticipation of food intake induces phosphorylation switch to regulate basolateral amino acid transporter LAT4 (SLC43A2) function. J Physiol 2018; 597:521-542. [PMID: 30379325 DOI: 10.1113/jp276714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Amino acid absorption requires luminal uptake into and subsequent basolateral efflux out of epithelial cells, with the latter step being critical to regulate the intracellular concentration of the amino acids. The basolateral essential neutral amino acid uniporter LAT4 (SLC43A2) has been suggested to drive the net efflux of non-essential and cationic amino acids via parallel amino acid antiporters by recycling some of their substrates; its deletion has been shown to cause defective postnatal growth and death in mice. Here we test the regulatory function of LAT4 phosphorylation sites by mimicking their phosphorylated and dephosphorylated states in Xenopus laevis oocytes and show that dephosphorylation of S274 and phosphorylation of S297 increase LAT4 membrane localization and function. Using new phosphorylation site-specific antibodies, we observe changes in LAT4 phosphorylation in mouse small intestine that correspond to its upregulation at the expected feeding time. These results strongly suggest that LAT4 phosphorylation participates in the regulation of transepithelial amino acid absorption. ABSTRACT The essential amino acid uniporters LAT4 and TAT1 are located at the basolateral side of intestinal and kidney epithelial cells and their transport function has been suggested to control the transepithelial (re)absorption of neutral and possibly also cationic amino acids. Uniporter LAT4 selectively transports the branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine, and additionally methionine and phenylalanine. Its deletion leads to a postnatal growth failure and early death in mice. Since LAT4 has been reported to be phosphorylated in vivo, we hypothesized that phosphorylation regulates its function. Using Xenopus laevis oocytes, we tested the impact of LAT4 phosphorylation at Ser274 and Ser297 by expressing mutant constructs mimicking phosphorylated and dephosphorylated states. We then investigated the in vivo regulation of LAT4 in mouse small intestine using new phosphorylation site-specific antibodies and a time-restricted diet. In Xenopus oocytes, mimicking non-phosphorylation of Ser274 led to an increase in affinity and apparent surface membrane localization of LAT4, stimulating its transport activity, while the same mutation of Ser297 decreased LAT4's apparent surface expression and transport rate. In wild-type mice, LAT4 phosphorylation on Ser274 was uniform at the beginning of the inactive phase (ZT0). In contrast, at the beginning of the active phase (ZT12), corresponding to the anticipated feeding time, Ser274 phosphorylation was decreased and restricted to relatively large patches of cells, while Ser297 phosphorylation was increased. We conclude that phosphorylation of small intestinal LAT4 is under food-entrained circadian control, leading presumably to an upregulation of LAT4 function at the anticipated feeding time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Oparija
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anuradha Rajendran
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nadège Poncet
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - François Verrey
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,NCCR Kidney.CH, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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232
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Zhang X, Qiu K, Wang L, Xu D, Yin J. Integrated Remodeling of Gut-Liver Metabolism Induced by Moderate Protein Restriction Contributes to Improvement of Insulin Sensitivity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800637. [PMID: 30030886 PMCID: PMC6646914 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Protein restriction (PR) is beneficial for relieving metabolic disorders and aging-related diseases. However, extreme PR could result in malnutrition due to severe deficiency of essential amino acids. Therefore, the effect of moderate PR on insulin sensitivity is investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS The growing and adult pigs are subjected to moderate PR by 15-30%. Plasma insulin concentration and insulin resistance index HOMA-IR are significantly decreased upon moderate PR. Furthermore, IRS1/PI3K/AKT pathway in the basal state is enhanced in both liver and skeletal muscle. The adapted metabolism in the liver upon moderate PR is in support of improving insulin sensitivity. The liver shares a coordinated metabolic adaption in terms of energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism with the small intestine. Particularly, alteration of the metabolic footprint appeared in the portal venous blood, representing metabolites to be absorbed into liver after intestinal metabolism, is also in favor of improvement of insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION In summary, the study proves that moderate PR could improve insulin sensitivity from childhood to adulthood in a pig model, and sheds a new light on the role of integrated remodeling of gut and liver metabolism in the improved insulin sensitivity induced by moderate PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Kai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Liqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Doudou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
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233
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Ritchie H, Reay DS, Higgins P. Beyond Calories: A Holistic Assessment of the Global Food System. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2018.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked via α-peptide bonds. They can be represented as primary, secondary, tertiary, and even quaternary structures, but from a nutritional viewpoint only the primary (amino acid) sequence is of interest. Similarly, although there are many compounds in the body that can be chemically defined as amino acids, we are only concerned with the 20 canonical amino acids encoded in DNA, plus 5 others-ornithine, citrulline, γ-aminobutyrate, β-alanine, and taurine-that play quantitatively important roles in the body. We consume proteins, which are digested in the gastrointestinal tract, absorbed as small peptides (di- and tripeptides) and free amino acids, and then used for the resynthesis of proteins in our cells. Additionally, some amino acids are also used for the synthesis of specific (nonprotein) products, such as nitric oxide, polyamines, creatine, glutathione, nucleotides, glucosamine, hormones, neurotransmitters, and other factors. Again, such functions are not quantitatively important for most amino acids, and the bulk of amino acid metabolism is directly related to protein turnover (synthesis and degradation). For an individual in nitrogen balance, an amount of protein equal to that of the daily protein (nitrogen) intake is degraded each day with the nitrogen being excreted as urea and ammonia (with limited amounts of creatinine and uric acid). The carbon skeletons of the amino acids degraded to urea and ammonia are recovered through gluconeogenesis or ketone synthesis, or oxidized to carbon dioxide. Of the 20 amino acids present in proteins, 9 are considered nutritionally indispensable (essential) in adult humans because the body is not able to synthesize their carbon skeletons. These 9 amino acids are leucine, valine, isoleucine, histidine, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine. In addition, 2 others are made from their indispensable precursors: cysteine from methionine, and tyrosine from phenylalanine. Although arginine is needed in neonates, it appears that adults, with the possible exceptions of pregnancy in females and spermatogenesis in males, can synthesize sufficient arginine to maintain a nitrogen balance. The others, glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, asparagine, serine, glycine, proline, and alanine, can all be synthesized from glucose and a suitable nitrogen source. Under some conditions, glutamine, glutamate, glycine, proline, and arginine may be considered as conditionally indispensable, meaning that the body is not capable of synthesizing them in sufficient quantities for a specific physiologic or pathologic condition (1). Thus, any discussion of dietary protein must consider not only quantity but also quality (ratio of indispensable amino acids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Watford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science & Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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235
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Agostini D, Zeppa Donati S, Lucertini F, Annibalini G, Gervasi M, Ferri Marini C, Piccoli G, Stocchi V, Barbieri E, Sestili P. Muscle and Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women: Role of Protein and Vitamin D Supplementation Combined with Exercise Training. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081103. [PMID: 30115856 PMCID: PMC6116194 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause is an age-dependent physiological condition associated with a natural decline in oestrogen levels, which causes a progressive decrease of muscle mass and strength and bone density. Sarcopenia and osteoporosis often coexist in elderly people, with a prevalence of the latter in elderly women. The profound interaction between muscle and bone induces a negative resonance between the two tissues affected by these disorders worsening the quality of life in the postmenopausal period. It has been estimated that at least 1 in 3 women over age 50 will experience osteoporotic fractures, often requiring hospitalisation and long-term care, causing a large financial burden to health insurance systems. Hormonal replacement therapy is effective in osteoporosis prevention, but concerns have been raised with regard to its safety. On the whole, the increase in life expectancy for postmenopausal women along with the need to improve their quality of life makes it necessary to develop specific and safe therapeutic strategies, alternative to hormonal replacement therapy, targeting both sarcopenia and osteoporosis progression. This review will examine the rationale and the effects of dietary protein, vitamin D and calcium supplementation combined with a specifically-designed exercise training prescription as a strategy to counteract these postmenopausal-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Agostini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Sabrina Zeppa Donati
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Francesco Lucertini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Giosuè Annibalini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Marco Gervasi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Carlo Ferri Marini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
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236
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Nikolic D, Jankovic S, Parunovic N, Koricanac V, Stanisic N, Pezo L, Lausevic M. Nutrient Composition of Three Mangulica Pork Cuts from Serbia. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 184:369-377. [PMID: 29098542 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze and evaluate the levels of essential elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Se) and proximate composition (moisture, protein, fat, and ash) of three pork cuts (loin, hind leg, and shoulder) from free-range Mangulica pigs from Serbia. Essential elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Shoulder contained the highest levels of essential elements (Mn, 0.192 mg kg-1; Fe, 19.550 mg kg-1; Cu, 1.490 mg kg-1; Zn, 44.470 mg kg-1; and Se, 0.130 mg kg-1). The shoulder and hind leg cut differed significantly from the loin in Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn levels. This study showed that Mangulica pork is a rich source of Fe and Zn, and these elements showed significant correlations for a range of tissue combinations. The highest levels of protein (21.15 g/100 g) and fat (10.60 g/100 g) were established in loin, and the highest moisture level occurred in shoulder (72.02 g/100 g). Statistically, significant differences were established only between loin and shoulder in protein and fat contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragica Nikolic
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Sasa Jankovic
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Nenad Parunovic
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Koricanac
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Nikola Stanisic
- Institute for Animal Husbandry, Autoput 16, 11080, Belgrade-, Zemun, Serbia
| | - Lato Pezo
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12/V, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Mila Lausevic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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238
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Camargo LR, Silva LM, Komeroski MR, Kist TBL, Rodrigues CE, Rios ADO, Silva MM, Doneda D, Schmidt HDO, Oliveira VR. Effect of whey protein addition on the nutritional, technological and sensory quality of banana cake. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liziane R. Camargo
- Nutrition course; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre RS 90035-003 Brazil
| | - Letícia M. Silva
- Nutrition course; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre RS 90035-003 Brazil
| | - Marina R. Komeroski
- Nutrition course; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre RS 90035-003 Brazil
| | - Tarso B. L. Kist
- Department of Biophysics; Institute of Biosciences; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre RS 91501-970 Brazil
| | - Carlos E. Rodrigues
- Department of Biophysics; Institute of Biosciences; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre RS 91501-970 Brazil
| | - Alessandro de O. Rios
- Institute of Food Science and Technology; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre RS 91501-970 Brazil
| | - Médelin M. Silva
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFRS); Rolante RS 95690-000 Brazil
| | - Divair Doneda
- Nutrition course; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre RS 90035-003 Brazil
| | - Helena de O. Schmidt
- Institute of Food Science and Technology; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre RS 91501-970 Brazil
| | - Viviani R. Oliveira
- Nutrition Department; Postgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre RS 90035-003 Brazil
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239
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Trade-offs in livestock development at farm level: Different actors with different objectives. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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240
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Reynés B, Priego T, Cifre M, Oliver P, Palou A. Peripheral Blood Cells, a Transcriptomic Tool in Nutrigenomic and Obesity Studies: Current State of the Art. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1006-1020. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bàrbara Reynés
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology; Univ. de les Illes Balears; Palma Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Madrid Spain
- Inst. d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa); Palma Spain
| | - Teresa Priego
- Dept. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; Univ. Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Margalida Cifre
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology; Univ. de les Illes Balears; Palma Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Madrid Spain
| | - Paula Oliver
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology; Univ. de les Illes Balears; Palma Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Madrid Spain
- Inst. d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa); Palma Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology; Univ. de les Illes Balears; Palma Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Madrid Spain
- Inst. d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa); Palma Spain
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241
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Bona L, van Staaveren N, Pokharel BB, van Krimpen M, Harlander-Matauschek A. The Effect of Low Protein Energy-Rich Diets on Plasma Hepatic Markers, Hepatic Damage, and Discrimination Reversal Learning in Young Female Chicks. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:107. [PMID: 30177972 PMCID: PMC6110198 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of low protein energy-rich (LPER) diets increases susceptibility to metabolic disease in mammals, such as hepatic damage, and can have an adverse effect on cognition. However, the effects of these diets on both physical and mental welfare have not been investigated in domestic meat chickens. Female chicks received a low protein energy-rich or a standard control diet from 21 to 51 days of age. The effects of these dietary manipulations on plasma hepatic markers for liver damage, liver necropsy, and learning a visual discrimination reversal task were assessed. Birds given access to LPER diets weighed less than chicks that had access to the control diets. All chicks had post-mortem signs of hepatic hemorrhage/increased liver color scores and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels above 230 U/L indicative of hepatic damage in birds. The LPER diet had no impact on the performance of female chicks when learning to distinguish colors in a reversal visual discrimination task. The present study suggests that liver damage does not become worse when feeding LPER or impact visual reversal learning in female meat-type chickens. However, the high incidence of liver cell damage/liver hemorrhage, and “abnormal” AST activities are of concern in female broiler chicks across both diets, and suggests that the health of modern meat-type genotypes needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bona
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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242
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Ritchie H, Reay DS, Higgins P. Quantifying, Projecting, and Addressing India's Hidden Hunger. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2018.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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243
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Herring CM, Bazer FW, Johnson GA, Wu G. Impacts of maternal dietary protein intake on fetal survival, growth, and development. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:525-533. [PMID: 29466875 PMCID: PMC5882021 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218758275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrition during gestation, especially dietary protein intake, is a key determinant in embryonic survival, growth, and development. Low maternal dietary protein intake can cause embryonic losses, intra-uterine growth restriction, and reduced postnatal growth due to a deficiency in specific amino acids that are important for cell metabolism and function. Of note, high maternal dietary protein intake can also result in intra-uterine growth restriction and embryonic death, due to amino acid excesses, as well as the toxicity of ammonia, homocysteine, and H2S that are generated from amino acid catabolism. Maternal protein nutrition has a pronounced impact on fetal programming and alters the expression of genes in the fetal genome. As a precursor to the synthesis of molecules (e.g. nitric oxide, polyamines, and creatine) with cell signaling and metabolic functions, L-arginine (Arg) is essential during pregnancy for growth and development of the conceptus. With inadequate maternal dietary protein intake, Arg and other important amino acids are deficient in mother and fetus. Dietary supplementation of Arg during gestation has been effective in improving embryonic survival and development of the conceptus in many species, including humans, pigs, sheep, mice, and rats. Both the balance among amino acids and their quantity are critical for healthy pregnancies and offspring. Impact statement This review aims at: highlighting adverse effects of elevated levels of ammonia in mother or fetus on embryonic/fetal survival, growth, and development; helping nutritionists and practitioners to understand the mechanisms whereby elevated levels of ammonia in mother or fetus results in embryonic/fetal death, growth restriction, and developmental abnormalities; and bringing, into the attention of nutritionists and practitioners, the problems of excess or inadequate dietary intake of protein or amino acids on pregnancy outcomes in animals and humans. The article provides new, effective means to improve embryonic/fetal survival and growth in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra M Herring
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | - Gregory A Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
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244
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Churchward-Venne TA, Pinckaers PJM, van Loon JJA, van Loon LJC. Consideration of insects as a source of dietary protein for human consumption. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:1035-1045. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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245
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Odebode FD, Ekeleme OT, Ijarotimi OS, Malomo SA, Idowu AO, Badejo AA, Adebayo IA, Fagbemi TN. Nutritional composition, antidiabetic and antilipidemic potentials of flour blends made from unripe plantain, soybean cake, and rice bran. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Folasade D. Odebode
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Federal University of Technology; Akure Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Oluchi T. Ekeleme
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Federal University of Technology; Akure Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Oluwole S. Ijarotimi
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Federal University of Technology; Akure Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Sunday A. Malomo
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Federal University of Technology; Akure Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Atinuke O. Idowu
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Mountain Top University; Km 12, Lagos-Ibadan Expressway, Prayer City Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Adebanjo A. Badejo
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Federal University of Technology; Akure Ondo State Nigeria
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology; Assam Agricultural University; Jorhat Assam India
| | - Isaac A. Adebayo
- Department of Animal Production and Health; Federal University of Technology; Akure Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Tayo N. Fagbemi
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Federal University of Technology; Akure Ondo State Nigeria
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Mountain Top University; Km 12, Lagos-Ibadan Expressway, Prayer City Ogun State Nigeria
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Mafra D, Borges NA, Cardozo LFMDF, Anjos JS, Black AP, Moraes C, Bergman P, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P. Red meat intake in chronic kidney disease patients: Two sides of the coin. Nutrition 2017; 46:26-32. [PMID: 29290351 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Red meat is an important dietary source of high biological value protein and micronutrients such as vitamins, iron, and zinc that exert many beneficial functions. However, high consumption of animal protein sources, especially red meat, results in an increased intake of saturated fat, cholesterol, iron, and salt, as well as an excessive acid load. Red meat intake may lead to an elevated production of uremic toxins by the gut microbiota, such as trimethylamine n-oxide (TMAO), indoxyl sulfate, and p-cresyl sulfate. These uremic toxins are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Limiting the intake of red meat in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) thus may be a good strategy to reduce CV risk, and may slow the progression of kidney disease. In the present review, we discuss the role of red meat in the diet of patients with CKD. Additionally, we report on a pilot study that focused on the effect of a low-protein diet on TMAO plasma levels in nondialysis CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Mafra
- Post Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Post Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Natalia A Borges
- Post Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana S Anjos
- Post Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Black
- Post Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Moraes
- Post Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Peter Bergman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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247
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Kar SK, Jansman AJM, Schokker D, Kruijt L, Harms AC, Wells JM, Smits MA. Amine Metabolism Is Influenced by Dietary Protein Source. Front Nutr 2017; 4:41. [PMID: 28920057 PMCID: PMC5585152 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth in world population will inevitably leads to increased demand for protein for humans and animals. Protein from insects and blood plasma are being considered as possible alternatives, but more research on their nutritional quality and health effects is needed. Here, we studied the effect of dietary protein source on metabolism and metabolic amine profiles in serum and urine of mice. Groups of mice were fed semi-purified diets containing 300 g/kg of soybean meal, casein, partially delactosed whey powder, spray-dried plasma protein, wheat gluten meal, and yellow mealworm. Feed and water intake as well as body weight gain were measured for 28 days. After 14 and 28 days, serum and urine samples were collected for measurement of a large panel of amine metabolites. MetaboAnalyst 3.0 was used for analysis of the raw metabolic data. Out of 68 targeted amine metabolites, we could detect 54 in urine and 41 in blood serum. Dietary protein sources were found to have profound effects on host metabolism, particularly in systemic amine profiles, considered here as an endophenotype. We recommend serum over urine to screen for the amine metabolic endophenotype based on partial least squares discriminant analysis. We concluded that metabolites like alpha-aminobutyric acid and 1-methylhistidine are sensitive indicators of too much or too little availability of specific amino acids in the different protein diets. Furthermore, we concluded that amine metabolic profiles can be useful for assessing the nutritional quality of different protein sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya K. Kar
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Wageningen University & Research Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Alfons J. M. Jansman
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dirkjan Schokker
- Wageningen University & Research Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Leo Kruijt
- Wageningen University & Research Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Amy C. Harms
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jerry M. Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Mari A. Smits
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Wageningen University & Research Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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248
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Savino P. Knowledge of Constituent Ingredients in Enteral Nutrition Formulas Can Make a Difference in Patient Response to Enteral Feeding. Nutr Clin Pract 2017; 33:90-98. [DOI: 10.1177/0884533617724759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Savino
- National Academy of Medicine, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
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249
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Hammoud RU, Jabbour MN, Tawil AN, Ghattas H, Obeid OA. Phosphorus Supplementation Mitigated Food Intake and Growth of Rats Fed a Low-Protein Diet. Curr Dev Nutr 2017; 1:e000943. [PMID: 29955716 PMCID: PMC5998359 DOI: 10.3945/cdn.117.000943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low protein intake is associated with various negative health outcomes at any life stage. When diets do not contain sufficient protein, phosphorus availability is compromised because proteins are the major sources of phosphorus. However, whether mineral phosphorus supplementation mitigates this problem is unknown, to our knowledge. Objective: Our goal was to determine the impact of dietary phosphorus supplementation on food intake, weight gain, energy efficiency, body composition, blood metabolites, and liver histology in rats fed a low-protein diet for 9 wk. Methods: Forty-nine 6-wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to 5 groups and consumed 5 isocaloric diets ad libitum that varied only in protein (egg white) and phosphorus concentrations for 9 wk. The control group received a 20% protein diet with 0.3% P (NP-0.3P). The 4 other groups were fed a low-protein (10%) diet with a phosphorus concentration of 0.015%, 0.056%, 0.1%, or 0.3% (LP-0.3P). The rats' weight, body and liver composition, and plasma biomarkers were then assessed. Results: The addition of phosphorus to the low-protein diet significantly increased food intake, weight gain, and energy efficiency, which were similar among the groups that received 0.3% P (LP-0.3P and NP-0.3P) regardless of dietary protein content. In addition, phosphorus supplementation of low-protein diets reduced plasma urea nitrogen and increased total body protein content (defatted). Changes in food intake and efficiency, body weight and composition, and plasma urea concentration were highly pronounced at a dietary phosphorus content <0.1%, which may represent a critical threshold. Conclusions: The addition of phosphorus to low-protein diets improved growth measures in rats, mainly as a result of enhanced energy efficiency. A dietary phosphorus concentration of 0.3% mitigated detrimental effects of low-protein diets on growth parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola U Hammoud
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mark N Jabbour
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ayman N Tawil
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Ghattas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Omar A Obeid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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250
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Bvenura C, Sivakumar D. The role of wild fruits and vegetables in delivering a balanced and healthy diet. Food Res Int 2017; 99:15-30. [PMID: 28784471 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Without a doubt, fruits and vegetables are important components of a balanced and healthy diet. However, their consumption is very low in the world, with the lowest figures being reported in sub-Saharan Africa. The low consumption of fruits and vegetables means unbalanced and unhealthy diets, which has been linked to various diseases and conditions associated with increased mortality rates in worst cases. Poverty is the major contributor to the low consumption of fruits and vegetables in the majority of cases. However, the world, including sub-Saharan Africa, is endowed with numerous wild fruit and vegetable species which can be exploited and incorporated into the diets and help solve some nutrition related concerns. Therefore, in this review, we explore literature on wild fruits and vegetables with a special emphasis on some of the poorest regions of the world and where the lowest consumption figures are reported; their nutritional compositions; the status of their consumption and their role in the diet with a view to uncover their possible role in delivering a healthy and balanced diet as well as helping lower food and nutrition insecurity. A total of 396 articles were downloaded and analysed but only 213 were considered for this review. The results of the search indicate that wild fruits and vegetables are nutritionally rich and high in phytochemicals, especially antioxidants and therefore can possibly play a significant and positive role in delivering a healthy and balanced diet. However, the major challenge is the acceptability, accessibility as well as a lack of interest in wild fruits and vegetables and sheer neglect. People need to be educated using various forms of media on the nutritional and health benefits of these wild food plants with a view to bring them from the forest to the plate. Researchers need to channel more efforts towards domesticating them for ease of access, among other reasons. Governments need to incentivise the subsistence or commercial production of wild fruits and vegetables in order to encourage farmers to cultivate them. However, seeds and/or seedlings need to be made available and affordable to the farmers. The 'hidden treasures' in the forests in the form of edible plants could easily play a positive and huge role in delivering a balanced and healthy diet, especially in poor parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callistus Bvenura
- Phytochemical Food Network Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Dharini Sivakumar
- Phytochemical Food Network Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa
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