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Du J, Cao X, Diao J, Zhang Q, Peng C, Li J, Xiao X. Neonatal overfeeding in mice aggravates the development of methionine and choline-deficient diet-induced steatohepatitis in adulthood. Genes Dis 2018; 6:68-77. [PMID: 30906835 PMCID: PMC6411625 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Overfeeding in early life is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in adulthood. In the present study, a well-characterized mouse model was used to investigate whether neonatal overfeeding increases susceptibility to the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) following feeding with a methionine and choline- deficient (MCD) diet. Neonatal overfeeding was induced by adjusting litters to 3 pups per dam (small litter size, SL) in contrast to 10 pups per dam as control (normal litter size, NL). At 11 weeks of age, mice were fed with standard (S) or a methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 4 weeks. Glucose tolerance tests, tissue staining with haematoxylin and eosin, oil-red O and immunohistochemistry for F4/80, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were performed. Compared with NL mice, SL mice exhibited higher body weight gain from 2 weeks of age throughout adulthood, and more profound glucose intolerance as adults. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c and fatty acid synthase mRNA expression levels in liver were upregulated in SL mice at 3 weeks of age. MCD diet induced typical NASH, especially in SL-MCD mice, evidenced by marked fat accumulation, macrovescular steatosis, ballooned hepatocytes, inflammatory cells infiltration and tumour necrosis factor-α mRNA upregulation in the liver, as well as increased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in the serum. There were no significant differences in liver fibrosis in all groups. Overfeeding during early life exhibited effect with administration of MCD diet in inducing adverse effects on the metabolic function and in promoting the progression of NASH in mice, possibly mediated through dysregulated lipid metabolism in hepatocytes and aggravated hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose Metabolism, PR China
| | - Xuemei Cao
- Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose Metabolism, PR China
| | - Junlin Diao
- Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose Metabolism, PR China
| | - Qijuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Chuan Peng
- Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose Metabolism, PR China
| | - Jibin Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiu Xiao
- Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose Metabolism, PR China
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202
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Wieser V, Adolph TE, Grander C, Grabherr F, Enrich B, Moser P, Moschen AR, Kaser S, Tilg H. Adipose type I interferon signalling protects against metabolic dysfunction. Gut 2018; 67:157-165. [PMID: 28011892 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low-grade chronic inflammation emerges as a potent driver of insulin resistance and glucose dysregulation in obesity and associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The liver, subcutaneous fat and the immune system participate in disturbances of metabolism. Type I interferon (IFN) signalling initiated by innate and adaptive immunity modulates inflammatory responses consequent to infection. However, little is known about the role of type I IFN signalling in metabolic diseases and the development of NAFLD. DESIGN We determined the impact of type I IFN signalling by tissue-specific deletion of interferon (α and β) receptor 1 (Ifnar1) in hepatocytes (Ifnar1Δhep ), adipocytes (Ifnar1Δat ), intestinal epithelial cells (Ifnar1ΔIEC ) or myelocytes (Ifnar1Δmyel ) on glucose metabolism, obesity and hepatic disease in mice exposed to a high-fat or methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet. Furthermore, we investigated the expression of type I IFN-regulated genes in patients with obesity undergoing laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). RESULTS Long chain fatty acids induce type I IFN responses in murine hepatocytes and macrophages and exposure to a high-fat diet elicited type I IFN-regulated gene expression in the liver of wild-type mice. Hepatocyte-specific, but not adipose tissue-specific deletion of Ifnar1 worsened steatosis and inflammation induced by the MCD diet. In contrast, adipose-specific, but not hepatocyte-specific deletion of Ifnar1 deteriorated metabolic dysregulation induced by a high-fat diet, indicated by increased weight gain, insulin resistance and an impaired glucose tolerance. Abrogated type I IFN signalling in myeloid or intestinal epithelial cells did not modulate susceptibility to metabolic or hepatic disease. Improved metabolic control in patients with obesity after LAGB was associated with increased expression of type I IFN-regulated genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue and liver. CONCLUSIONS Our study implicates a role for adipose and hepatocyte type I IFN signalling in diet-induced metabolic dysregulation and hepatic disease. Further studies on type I IFN signalling in metabolic diseases are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Wieser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timon Erik Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Grabherr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Enrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrizia Moser
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Rupert Moschen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Kaser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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203
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Maradana MR, Yekollu SK, Zeng B, Ellis J, Clouston A, Miller G, Talekar M, Bhuyan ZA, Mahadevaiah S, Powell EE, Irvine KM, Thomas R, O'Sullivan BJ. Immunomodulatory liposomes targeting liver macrophages arrest progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Metabolism 2018; 78:80-94. [PMID: 28941597 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic macrophage inflammation, steatosis and fibrosis. Liposomes injected intravenously passively target hepatic myeloid cells and have potential to deliver immunomodulatory compounds and treat disease. We investigated targeting, delivery, immunomodulation and efficacy of liposomes in mice with diet-induced NASH. METHODS Liposome-encapsulated lipophilic curcumin or 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (calcitriol) were injected intravenously into mice with diet-induced NASH. Liver and cell liposome uptake was assessed by in vivo imaging and flow cytometry. Immunomodulation of targeted cells were assessed by RNA transcriptome sequencing. NASH was assessed by histological scoring, serum liver enzymes and fasting glucose/insulin and liver RNA transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS Liposomes targeted lipid containing MHC class-II+ hepatic dendritic cells in mice and humans. Delivery of liposomal curcumin to hepatic dendritic cells shifted their inflammatory profile towards a regulatory phenotype. Delivery of liposomal curcumin or calcitriol to mice with diet-induced NASH led to reduced liver inflammation, fibrosis and fat accumulation, and reduced insulin resistance. RNA transcriptome sequencing of liver from treated mice identified suppression of pathways of immune activation, cell cycle and collagen deposition. CONCLUSIONS Liposomes are a new strategy to target lipid rich inflammatory dendritic cells and have potential to deliver immunomodulatory compounds to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muralidhara Rao Maradana
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Suman Kumar Yekollu
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Bijun Zeng
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Jonathan Ellis
- Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Andrew Clouston
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Gregory Miller
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Meghna Talekar
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Zaied Ahmed Bhuyan
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Sachin Mahadevaiah
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Powell
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Ranjeny Thomas
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Brendan John O'Sullivan
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
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204
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Hepatocyte-specific clusterin overexpression attenuates diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:1775-1781. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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205
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Kumei S, Yuhki KI, Kojima F, Kashiwagi H, Imamichi Y, Okumura T, Narumiya S, Ushikubi F. Prostaglandin I 2 suppresses the development of diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. FASEB J 2017; 32:2354-2365. [PMID: 29247122 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700590r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Although the prostaglandin (PG)I2 receptor IP is expressed broadly in the liver, the role of PGI2-IP signaling in the development of NASH remains to be determined. Here, we investigated the role of the PGI2-IP system in the development of steatohepatitis using mice lacking the PGI2 receptor IP [IP-knockout (IP-KO) mice] and beraprost (BPS), a specific IP agonist. IP-KO and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCDD) for 2, 5, or 10 wk. BPS was administered orally to mice every day during the experimental periods. The effect of BPS on the expression of chemokine and inflammatory cytokines was examined also in cultured Kupffer cells. WT mice fed MCDD developed steatohepatitis at 10 wk. IP-KO mice developed steatohepatitis at 5 wk with augmented histologic derangements accompanied by increased hepatic monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and TNF-α concentrations. After 10 wk of MCDD, IP-KO mice had greater hepatic iron deposition with prominent oxidative stress, resulting in hepatocyte damage. In WT mice, BPS improved histologic and biochemical parameters of steatohepatitis, accompanied by reduced hepatic concentration of MCP-1 and TNF-α. Accordingly, BPS suppressed the LPS-stimulated Mcp-1 and Tnf-α mRNA expression in cultured Kupffer cells prepared from WT mice. PGI2-IP signaling plays a crucial role in the development and progression of steatohepatitis by modulating the inflammatory response, leading to augmented oxidative stress. We suggest that the PGI2-IP system is an attractive therapeutic target for treating patients with NASH.-Kumei, S., Yuhki, K.-I., Kojima, F., Kashiwagi, H., Imamichi, Y., Okumura, T., Narumiya, S., Ushikubi, F. Prostaglandin I2 suppresses the development of diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Kumei
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Yuhki
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Kojima
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kashiwagi
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Imamichi
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ushikubi
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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206
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Paula Neto HA, Ausina P, Gomez LS, Leandro JGB, Zancan P, Sola-Penna M. Effects of Food Additives on Immune Cells As Contributors to Body Weight Gain and Immune-Mediated Metabolic Dysregulation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1478. [PMID: 29163542 PMCID: PMC5672138 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Food additives are compounds used in order to improve food palatability, texture, and shelf life. Despite a significant effort to assure safety of use, toxicological analysis of these substances, generally, rely on their direct toxicity to target organs (liver and kidney) or their genotoxic effects. Much less attention is paid to the effects of these compounds on cells of the immune system. This is of relevance given that metabolic dysregulation and obesity have a strong immune-mediated component. Obese individuals present a state of chronic low-grade inflammation that contributes to the establishment of insulin resistance and other metabolic abnormalities known as the metabolic syndrome. Obesity and metabolic syndrome are currently recognized as worldwide epidemics that pose a profound socioeconomic impact and represent a concern to public health. Cells of the immune system contribute to both the maintenance of "lean homeostasis" and the metabolic dysregulation observed in obese individuals. Although much attention has been drawn in the past decades to obesity and metabolic syndrome as a result of ingesting highly processed food containing large amounts of fat and simple sugars, mounting evidence suggest that food additives may also be important contributors to metabolic derangement. Herein, we review pieces of evidence from the literature showing that food additives have relevant effects on cells of the immune system that could contribute to immune-mediated metabolic dysregulation. Considering their potential to predispose individuals to develop obesity and metabolic syndrome, their use should be taken with caution or maybe revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor A Paula Neto
- Laboratório de Alvos Moleculares, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila Ausina
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Controle do Metabolismo, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lilian S Gomez
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Controle do Metabolismo, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João G B Leandro
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Controle do Metabolismo, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Zancan
- Laboratório de Oncobiologia Molecular, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauro Sola-Penna
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Controle do Metabolismo, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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207
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Gong Z, Tas E, Yakar S, Muzumdar R. Hepatic lipid metabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in aging. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 455:115-130. [PMID: 28017785 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Various factors that contribute to the dysregulation include both modifiable (e.g. obesity, insulin resistance) and non-modifiable risk factors (age-associated physiologic changes). Although there is no linear relationship between aging and prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, current data strongly suggests that advanced age leads to more severe histological changes and poorer clinical outcomes. Hepatic lipid accumulation could lead to significant hepatic and systemic consequences including steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, impairment of systemic glucose metabolism and metabolic syndrome, thereby contributing to age-related diseases. Insulin, leptin and adiponectin are key regulators of the various physiologic processes that regulate hepatic lipid metabolism. Recent advances have expanded our understanding in this field, highlighting the role of novel mediators such as FGF 21, and mitochondria derived peptides. In this review, we will summarize the mediators of hepatic lipid metabolism and how they are altered in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Emir Tas
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Radhika Muzumdar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, 5362 Biomedical Sciences Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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208
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Devisscher L, Scott CL, Lefere S, Raevens S, Bogaerts E, Paridaens A, Verhelst X, Geerts A, Guilliams M, Van Vlierberghe H. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induces transient changes within the liver macrophage pool. Cell Immunol 2017; 322:74-83. [PMID: 29111158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Kupffer cells (KCs) and monocyte-derived macrophages are implicated in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) pathogenesis but their functions remain unclear due to the lack of specific markers to distinguish between the different cell types. Additionally, it is unclear if multiple subsets of KCs are present during NASH. Here, we characterized the liver macrophage subsets during methionine/choline deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH and recovery. We observed a significant reduced contribution of Ly6CloClec4F+Tim4+KCs to the hepatic macrophage pool in MCD fed mice, which normalized during recovery. Ly6CloClec4F-Tim4- monocyte-derived macrophages increased during MCD feeding and returned to baseline during recovery. Ly6CloClec4F+Tim4- monocyte-derived KCs developed during initial recovery but did not self-renew as their numbers were reduced after full recovery. Initial recovery from MCD diet feeding was further characterized by increased proportions of Ki-67+ proliferating KCs. In conclusion, the hepatic macrophage pool undergoes substantial albeit transient changes during NASH and recovery, with the KC pool being maintained by proliferation and differentiation of short-lived monocyte-derived KCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Devisscher
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Charlotte L Scott
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.
| | - Sander Lefere
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Sarah Raevens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Eliene Bogaerts
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Annelies Paridaens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Xavier Verhelst
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Anja Geerts
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Martin Guilliams
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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209
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Tomita K, Kabashima A, Freeman BL, Bronk SF, Hirsova P, Ibrahim SH. Mixed Lineage Kinase 3 Mediates the Induction of CXCL10 by a STAT1-Dependent Mechanism During Hepatocyte Lipotoxicity. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3249-3259. [PMID: 28262979 PMCID: PMC5550329 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Saturated fatty acids (SFA) and their toxic metabolites contribute to hepatocyte lipotoxicity in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We previously reported that hepatocytes, under lipotoxic stress, express the potent macrophage chemotactic ligand C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), and release CXCL10-enriched extracellular vesicles (EV) by a mixed lineage kinase (MLK) 3-dependent mechanism. In the current study, we sought to examine the signaling pathway responsible for CXCL10 induction during hepatocyte lipotoxicity. Here, we demonstrate a role for signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 in regulating CXCL10 expression. Huh7 and HepG2 cells were treated with lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), the toxic metabolite of the SFA palmitate. In LPC-treated hepatocytes, CXCL10 induction is mediated by a mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade consisting of a relay kinase module of MLK3, MKK3/6, and p38. P38 in turn induces STAT1 Ser727 phosphorylation and CXCL10 upregulation in hepatocytes, which is reduced by genetic or pharmacological inhibition of this MAPK signaling cascade. The binding and activity of STAT1 at the CXCL10 gene promoter were identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase gene expression assays. Promoter activation was attenuated by MLK3/STAT1 inhibition or by deletion of the consensus STAT1 binding sites within the CXCL10 promoter. In lipotoxic hepatocytes, MLK3 activates a MAPK signaling cascade, resulting in the activating phosphorylation of STAT1, and CXCL10 transcriptional upregulation. Hence, this kinase relay module and/or STAT1 inhibition may serve as a therapeutic target to reduce CXCL10 release, thereby attenuating NASH pathogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3249-3259, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Tomita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ayano Kabashima
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brittany L. Freeman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Steven F. Bronk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Petra Hirsova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Samar H. Ibrahim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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210
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Ma C, Zhang Q, Greten TF. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease promotes hepatocellular carcinoma through direct and indirect effects on hepatocytes. FEBS J 2017; 285:752-762. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ma
- GI-Malignancy Section; Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Qianfei Zhang
- GI-Malignancy Section; Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Tim F. Greten
- GI-Malignancy Section; Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
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211
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Pierce AA, Duwaerts CC, Siao K, Mattis AN, Goodsell A, Baron JL, Maher JJ. CD18 deficiency improves liver injury in the MCD model of steatohepatitis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183912. [PMID: 28873429 PMCID: PMC5584926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils and macrophages are important constituents of the hepatic inflammatory infiltrate in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. These innate immune cells express CD18, an adhesion molecule that facilitates leukocyte activation. In the context of fatty liver, activation of infiltrated leukocytes is believed to enhance hepatocellular injury. The objective of this study was to determine the degree to which activated innate immune cells promote steatohepatitis by comparing hepatic outcomes in wild-type and CD18-mutant mice fed a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet. After 3 weeks of MCD feeding, hepatocyte injury, based on serum ALT elevation, was 40% lower in CD18-mutant than wild-type mice. Leukocyte infiltration into the liver was not impaired in CD18-mutant mice, but leukocyte activation was markedly reduced, as shown by the lack of evidence of oxidant production. Despite having reduced hepatocellular injury, CD18-mutant mice developed significantly more hepatic steatosis than wild-type mice after MCD feeding. This coincided with greater hepatic induction of pro-inflammatory and lipogenic genes as well as a modest reduction in hepatic expression of adipose triglyceride lipase. Overall, the data indicate that CD18 deficiency curbs MCD-mediated liver injury by limiting the activation of innate immune cells in the liver without compromising intrahepatic cytokine activation. Reduced liver injury occurs at the expense of increased hepatic steatosis, which suggests that in addition to damaging hepatocytes, infiltrating leukocytes may influence lipid homeostasis in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Pierce
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Caroline C. Duwaerts
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin Siao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Aras N. Mattis
- Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Amanda Goodsell
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jody L. Baron
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jacquelyn J. Maher
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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212
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Jourdan T, Nicoloro SM, Zhou Z, Shen Y, Liu J, Coffey NJ, Cinar R, Godlewski G, Gao B, Aouadi M, Czech MP, Kunos G. Decreasing CB 1 receptor signaling in Kupffer cells improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1517-1528. [PMID: 29107297 PMCID: PMC5681272 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity-induced accumulation of ectopic fat in the liver is thought to contribute to the development of insulin resistance, and increased activity of hepatic CB1R has been shown to promote both processes. However, lipid accumulation in liver can be experimentally dissociated from insulin resistance under certain conditions, suggesting the involvement of additional mechanisms. Obesity is also associated with pro-inflammatory changes which, in turn, can promote insulin resistance. Kupffer cells (KCs), the liver's resident macrophages, are the major source of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver, such as TNF-α, which has been shown to inhibit insulin signaling in multiple cell types, including hepatocytes. Here, we sought to identify the role of CB1R in KCs in obesity-induced hepatic insulin resistance. Methods We used intravenously administered β-D-glucan-encapsulated siRNA to knock-down CB1R gene expression selectively in KCs. Results We demonstrate that a robust knock-down of the expression of Cnr1, the gene encoding CB1R, results in improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice, without affecting hepatic lipid content or body weight. Moreover, Cnr1 knock-down in KCs was associated with a shift from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 cytokine profile and improved insulin signaling as reflected by increased insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation. Conclusion These findings suggest that CB1R expressed in KCs plays a critical role in obesity-related hepatic insulin resistance via a pro-inflammatory mechanism. CB1R signaling promotes hepatic insulin resistance by promoting hepatic steatosis and hepatic inflammation. CB1R knock-down in liver macrophages (Kupffer cells, KCs) improves global insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis. CB1R expressed in KCs play a critical role in hepatic insulin resistance independent of ectopic fat in the liver or adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Jourdan
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
| | - Sarah M Nicoloro
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Yuefei Shen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Nathan J Coffey
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Grzegorz Godlewski
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
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213
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Comprehensive Study of Multiple Stages Progressing to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis with Subsequent Fibrosis in SD Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081681. [PMID: 28820447 PMCID: PMC5578071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the absence of the time course of histological nonalcoholic fatty hepatitis with subsequent fibrotic progression, the effective approaches available for controlling the onset and progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain limited. Therefore, we detected the serum and liver tissue related lipid metabolism disorder, liver pathology and relative molecular makers alteration dynamically in a high fat-sucrose diet during different time points. High fat-sucrose diet significantly increased the serum lipid level on day 10. The excess lipid accumulation in liver was referred to as simple steatosis after the feeding of a high fat-sucrose diet for 20 days. The high fat-sucrose diet induced a hepatic inflammation response on day 30. Similarly, hepatic fibrosis was also initiated on day 30 and gradually formed from the 30th to the 50th day. Oxidative stress may be related with the process from NASH to liver fibrosis. Insulin resistance was involved in the progression from hepatic steatosis to NASH with hepatic fibrosis from the 20th to the 50th day. In conclusion, we established a high fat-sucrose diet induced nonalcoholic fatty hepatitis with liver fibrosis rat model, which presented the time course of histological nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and the initiation and progression change of characteristic molecular makers in the process from steatosis to hepatic fibrosis.
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214
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Jia J, Li F, Zhou H, Bai Y, Liu S, Jiang Y, Jiang G, Yan B. Oral Exposure to Silver Nanoparticles or Silver Ions May Aggravate Fatty Liver Disease in Overweight Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:9334-9343. [PMID: 28723108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As the applications and environmental release of silver ions and nanoparticles are increasing, increasing human exposure to these pollutants has become an emerging health concern. The impeding effects of such pollutants on susceptible populations are severely under-studied. Here, we demonstrate that silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), at a dose that causes no general toxicity in normal mice, promotes the progression of fatty liver disease from steatosis to steatohepatitis only in overweight mice. Exposure to Ag+ ions induces the same effects in overweight mice. Ag NPs rather than Ag+ ions cause this disease progression based on our findings that Ag+ ions are partly reduced to Ag NPs in fatty livers, and the toxic effect is correlated with the liver dose of Ag NPs, not Ag+ ions. Furthermore, the Ag NP-induced pro-inflammatory activation of Kupffer cells in the liver, enhancement of hepatic inflammation, and suppression of fatty acid oxidation are identified as key factors in the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Bai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, P.R. China
| | - Yiguo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, P.R. China
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, P.R. China
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215
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Tomita K, Kohli R, MacLaurin BL, Hirsova P, Guo Q, Sanchez LHG, Gelbard HA, Blaxall BC, Ibrahim SH. Mixed-lineage kinase 3 pharmacological inhibition attenuates murine nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. JCI Insight 2017; 2:94488. [PMID: 28768902 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase in obesity worldwide, its associated comorbidities, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), have become a public health problem that still lacks effective therapy. We have previously reported that mixed-lineage kinase 3-deficient (MLK3-deficient) mice are protected against diet-induced NASH. Given the critical need to identify new therapeutic agents, we sought to examine whether the small-molecule MLK3 inhibitor URMC099 would be effective in reversing diet-induced murine NASH. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a diet high in saturated fat, fructose, and cholesterol (FFC), or a chow diet for 24 weeks. Mice were treated with either URMC099 (10 mg/kg) twice daily by intraperitoneal injection or its vehicle during the last 2 weeks of the feeding study. FFC-fed mice receiving URMC099 had similar body weight, caloric intake, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, metabolic phenotype, and hepatic steatosis compared with vehicle-treated mice. Furthermore, FFC-fed mice treated with URMC099 had less hepatic macrophage infiltration, activation, and proinflammatory polarization, as well as less liver injury and fibrosis when compared with vehicle-treated mice. In conclusion, URMC099 is well tolerated in mice without obvious toxicities and appears to be efficacious in reversing diet-induced NASH. Hence, URMC099 may serve as a therapeutic agent in human NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Tomita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brittany L MacLaurin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Petra Hirsova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Harris A Gelbard
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery and Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Burns C Blaxall
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Ohio, USA
| | - Samar H Ibrahim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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216
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Nishio T, Taura K, Iwaisako K, Koyama Y, Tanabe K, Yamamoto G, Okuda Y, Ikeno Y, Yoshino K, Kasai Y, Okuno M, Seo S, Sakurai T, Asagiri M, Hatano E, Uemoto S. Hepatic vagus nerve regulates Kupffer cell activation via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:965-976. [PMID: 28044208 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-016-1304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Kupffer cells play a central role in promoting hepatic inflammation, which leads to the development of NASH. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of hepatic vagus-mediated stimulation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) on Kupffer cells in NASH pathogenesis. METHODS Wild-type (WT) mice undergoing hepatic vagotomy (HV) were fed a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 1 week. α7nAChR knockout (α7KO) chimeric mice were generated by transplanting α7KO bone marrow cells into irradiated and Kupffer cell-deleted WT recipients. Kupffer cells were isolated from WT mice and treated with α7nAChR agonist under stimulation by lipopolysaccharide and/or palmitic acid. RESULTS HV aggravated MCD diet-induced NASH in both steatosis and inflammation. The hepatic inflammatory response, including the upregulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-12, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), was accelerated in HV mice, accompanied by the downregulation of PPARα pathway genes. Kupffer cells were highly activated via the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in MCD diet-fed HV mice. The α7nAchR agonist suppressed the inflammatory response of primary Kupffer cells induced by lipopolysaccharide and palmitic acid by attenuating the NF-κB cascade. α7KO chimeric mice fed an MCD diet for 1 week developed advanced NASH with highly activated Kupffer cells. The hepatic expression of TNFα, IL-12, and MCP-1 was upregulated in α7KO chimeric mice, accompanied by abnormal lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic vagus activity regulates the inflammatory response of Kupffer cells via α7nAChR in NASH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nishio
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kojiro Taura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Keiko Iwaisako
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Target Therapy Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukinori Koyama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Tanabe
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gen Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Okuda
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ikeno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshino
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kasai
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Okuno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Seo
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaki Sakurai
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- Innovation Center for Immunoregulation and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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217
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of liver disease and leading cause of cirrhosis in the United States and developed countries. NAFLD is closely associated with obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, significantly contributing to the exacerbation of the latter. Although NAFLD represents the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome, it can also be found in patients prior to their presentation with other manifestations of the syndrome. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex and closely intertwined with insulin resistance and obesity. Several mechanisms are undoubtedly involved in its pathogenesis and progression. In this review, we bring together the current understanding of the pathogenesis that makes NAFLD a systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Reccia
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Jayant Kumar
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Cherif Akladios
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Francesco Virdis
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Madhava Pai
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Nagy Habib
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Duncan Spalding
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, UK.
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218
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Kammoun HL, Allen TL, Henstridge DC, Kraakman MJ, Peijs L, Rose-John S, Febbraio MA. Over-expressing the soluble gp130-Fc does not ameliorate methionine and choline deficient diet-induced non alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28632778 PMCID: PMC5478123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a liver disease with the potential to lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of NASH, with the so-called IL-6 ‘trans-signaling’ cascade being responsible for the pro-inflammatory actions of this cytokine. We aimed to block IL-6 ‘trans-signaling’, using a transgenic mouse that overexpresses human soluble glycoprotein130 (sgp130Fc Tg mice) fed a commonly used dietary model of inducing NASH (methionine and choline deficient-diet; MCD diet) and hypothesized that markers of NASH would be ameliorated in such mice. Sgp130Fc Tg and littermate control mice were fed a MCD or control diet for 4 weeks. The MCD diet induced many hallmarks of NASH including hepatomegaly, steatosis, and liver inflammation. However, in contrast with other mouse models and, indeed, human NASH, the MCD diet model did not increase the mRNA or protein expression of IL-6. Not surprisingly, therefore, markers of MCD diet-induced NASH were unaffected by sgp130Fc transgenic expression. While the MCD diet model induces many pathophysiological markers of NASH, it does not induce increased IL-6 expression in the liver, a key hallmark of human NASH. We, therefore, caution the use of the MCD diet as a viable mouse model of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene L. Kammoun
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Immunology department, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Tamara Louise Allen
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Darren Colin Henstridge
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael James Kraakman
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lone Peijs
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mark Anthony Febbraio
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism, Garvan Institute, Sydney, Australia
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219
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Bahabadi M, Mohammadalipour A, Karimi J, Sheikh N, Solgi G, Goudarzi F, Hashemnia M, Khodadadi I. Hepatoprotective effect of parthenolide in rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 39:233-242. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1327965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Bahabadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Adel Mohammadalipour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Jamshid Karimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Sheikh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ghasem Solgi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farjam Goudarzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemnia
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Iraj Khodadadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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220
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Park JK, Shao M, Kim MY, Baik SK, Cho MY, Utsumi T, Satoh A, Ouyang X, Chung C, Iwakiri Y. An endoplasmic reticulum protein, Nogo-B, facilitates alcoholic liver disease through regulation of kupffer cell polarization. Hepatology 2017; 65:1720-1734. [PMID: 28090670 PMCID: PMC5397326 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nogo-B (Reticulon 4B) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein that regulates ER structure and function. Because ER stress is known to induce M2 macrophage polarization, we examined whether Nogo-B regulates M1/M2 polarization of Kupffer cells and alters the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). M1 and M2 phenotypes were assessed in relation to Nogo-B expression and disease severity in liver specimens from ALD patients (NCT01875211). Liver specimens from wild-type (WT) and Nogo-B knockout (KO) mice fed a control or Lieber-DeCarli ethanol liquid diet (5% ethanol) for 6 weeks were analyzed for liver injury and steatosis. Kupffer cells isolated from WT and Nogo-B KO mice were assessed for M1 and M2 activation. A significant positive correlation was observed between Nogo-B positive Kupffer cells and disease severity in ALD patients (n = 30, r = 0.66, P = 0.048). Furthermore, Nogo-B-positive Kupffer cells were correlated with M1 activation (inducible nitric oxide synthase) (r = 0.50, P = 0.05) and negatively with markers of M2 status (CD163) (r = -0.48, P = 0.07) in these patients. WT mice exhibited significantly increased liver injury (P < 0.05) and higher hepatic triglyceride levels (P < 0.01) compared with Nogo-B KO mice in response to chronic ethanol feeding. Nogo-B in Kupffer cells promoted M1 polarization, whereas absence of Nogo-B increased ER stress and M2 polarization in Kupffer cells. CONCLUSION Nogo-B is permissive of M1 polarization of Kupffer cells, thereby accentuating liver injury in ALD in humans and mice. Nogo-B in Kupffer cells may represent a new therapeutic target for ALD. (Hepatology 2017;65:1720-1734).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyu Park
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, U.S.A.,Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingjie Shao
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, U.S.A.,Transplantation Surgery Center, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, P.R. China
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, U.S.A.,Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei UniversityWonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Koo Baik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei UniversityWonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Yon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Teruo Utsumi
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, U.S.A
| | - Ayano Satoh
- The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xinsho Ouyang
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, U.S.A
| | - Chuhan Chung
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, U.S.A.,VA CT Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, U.S.A
| | - Yasuko Iwakiri
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, U.S.A
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221
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Pulli B, Wojtkiewicz G, Iwamoto Y, Ali M, Zeller MW, Bure L, Wang C, Choi Y, Masia R, Guimaraes AR, Corey KE, Chen JW. Molecular MR Imaging of Myeloperoxidase Distinguishes Steatosis from Steatohepatitis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Radiology 2017; 284:390-400. [PMID: 28358240 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017160588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To test whether MPO-Gd, an activatable molecular magnetic resonance (MR) imaging agent specific for myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, could detect MPO activity in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mouse models and human liver biopsy samples. Materials and Methods In this study, 20 leptin receptor-deficient and three MPO knockout mice were injected with endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) or fed a methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet to induce experimental NASH and underwent MR imaging with MPO-Gd. Saline-injected and control diet-fed leptin receptor-deficient mice were used as respective controls. MPO protein and activity measurements and histologic analyses were performed. Eleven human liver biopsy samples underwent MPO-Gd-enhanced MR imaging ex vivo and subsequent histologic evaluation. Results were compared with Student t test or Mann-Whitney U test. Results With endotoxin, a significantly increased contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was found compared with sham (mean CNR, 1.81 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.53, 2.10] vs 1.02 [95% CI: 0.89, 1.14]; P = .03) at MPO-Gd MR imaging. In the diet-induced NASH model, an increased CNR was also found compared with sham mice (mean CNR, 1.33 [95% CI: 1.27, 1.40] vs 0.98 [95% CI: 0.83, 1.12]; P = .008). Conversely, CNR remained at baseline in NASH mice imaged with gadopentetate dimeglumine and in MPO knockout NASH mice with MPO-Gd, which proves specificity of MPO-Gd. Ex vivo molecular MR imaging of liver biopsy samples from NASH and control patients confirmed results from animal studies (mean CNR for NASH vs control patients, 2.61 [95% CI: 1.48, 3.74] vs 1.29 [95% CI: 1.06, 1.52]; P = .004). Conclusion MPO-Gd showed elevated MPO activity in NAFLD mouse models and human liver biopsy samples. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article. An earlier incorrect version of this article appeared online. This article was corrected on April 6, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pulli
- From the Center for Systems Biology (B.P., G.W., Y.I., M.A., M.W.Z., L.B., C.W., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Department of Radiology (B.P., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division (Y.C., K.E.C.), and Department of Pathology (R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Gregory Wojtkiewicz
- From the Center for Systems Biology (B.P., G.W., Y.I., M.A., M.W.Z., L.B., C.W., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Department of Radiology (B.P., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division (Y.C., K.E.C.), and Department of Pathology (R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- From the Center for Systems Biology (B.P., G.W., Y.I., M.A., M.W.Z., L.B., C.W., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Department of Radiology (B.P., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division (Y.C., K.E.C.), and Department of Pathology (R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Muhammad Ali
- From the Center for Systems Biology (B.P., G.W., Y.I., M.A., M.W.Z., L.B., C.W., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Department of Radiology (B.P., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division (Y.C., K.E.C.), and Department of Pathology (R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Matthias W Zeller
- From the Center for Systems Biology (B.P., G.W., Y.I., M.A., M.W.Z., L.B., C.W., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Department of Radiology (B.P., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division (Y.C., K.E.C.), and Department of Pathology (R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Lionel Bure
- From the Center for Systems Biology (B.P., G.W., Y.I., M.A., M.W.Z., L.B., C.W., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Department of Radiology (B.P., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division (Y.C., K.E.C.), and Department of Pathology (R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Cuihua Wang
- From the Center for Systems Biology (B.P., G.W., Y.I., M.A., M.W.Z., L.B., C.W., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Department of Radiology (B.P., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division (Y.C., K.E.C.), and Department of Pathology (R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Yuri Choi
- From the Center for Systems Biology (B.P., G.W., Y.I., M.A., M.W.Z., L.B., C.W., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Department of Radiology (B.P., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division (Y.C., K.E.C.), and Department of Pathology (R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Ricard Masia
- From the Center for Systems Biology (B.P., G.W., Y.I., M.A., M.W.Z., L.B., C.W., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Department of Radiology (B.P., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division (Y.C., K.E.C.), and Department of Pathology (R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Alex R Guimaraes
- From the Center for Systems Biology (B.P., G.W., Y.I., M.A., M.W.Z., L.B., C.W., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Department of Radiology (B.P., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division (Y.C., K.E.C.), and Department of Pathology (R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Kathleen E Corey
- From the Center for Systems Biology (B.P., G.W., Y.I., M.A., M.W.Z., L.B., C.W., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Department of Radiology (B.P., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division (Y.C., K.E.C.), and Department of Pathology (R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114
| | - John W Chen
- From the Center for Systems Biology (B.P., G.W., Y.I., M.A., M.W.Z., L.B., C.W., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Department of Radiology (B.P., A.R.G., J.W.C.), Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division (Y.C., K.E.C.), and Department of Pathology (R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114
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Role of PAI-1 in Pediatric Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-017-0536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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223
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Yamamotoya T, Nakatsu Y, Matsunaga Y, Fukushima T, Yamazaki H, Kaneko S, Fujishiro M, Kikuchi T, Kushiyama A, Tokunaga F, Asano T, Sakoda H. Reduced SHARPIN and LUBAC Formation May Contribute to CCl₄- or Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Cirrhosis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020326. [PMID: 28165393 PMCID: PMC5343862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), composed of SHARPIN (SHANK-associated RH domain-interacting protein), HOIL-1L (longer isoform of heme-oxidized iron-regulatory protein 2 ubiquitin ligase-1), and HOIP (HOIL-1L interacting protein), forms linear ubiquitin on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) essential modulator (NEMO) and induces NF-κB pathway activation. SHARPIN expression and LUBAC formation were significantly reduced in the livers of mice 24 h after the injection of either carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or acetaminophen (APAP), both of which produced the fulminant hepatitis phenotype. To elucidate its pathological significance, hepatic SHARPIN expression was suppressed in mice by injecting shRNA adenovirus via the tail vein. Seven days after this transduction, without additional inflammatory stimuli, substantial inflammation and fibrosis with enhanced hepatocyte apoptosis occurred in the livers. A similar but more severe phenotype was observed with suppression of HOIP, which is responsible for the E3 ligase activity of LUBAC. Furthermore, in good agreement with these in vivo results, transduction of Hepa1-6 hepatoma cells with SHARPIN, HOIL-1L, or HOIP shRNA adenovirus induced apoptosis of these cells in response to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) stimulation. Thus, LUBAC is essential for the survival of hepatocytes, and it is likely that reduction of LUBAC is a factor promoting hepatocyte death in addition to the direct effect of drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamamotoya
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Hiroshima, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Nakatsu
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Hiroshima, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Yasuka Matsunaga
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Hiroshima, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Fukushima
- CellBiology Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B16 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Yamazaki
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0002, Japan.
| | - Sunao Kaneko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Midori Fujishiro
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Takako Kikuchi
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0002, Japan.
| | - Akifumi Kushiyama
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0002, Japan.
| | - Fuminori Tokunaga
- Laboratory of Pathobiochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Hiroshima, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Sakoda
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
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Salvia-Nelumbinis Naturalis Formula Improved Inflammation in LPS Stressed Macrophages via Upregulating MicroRNA-152. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5842747. [PMID: 28167852 PMCID: PMC5266850 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5842747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia-Nelumbinis naturalis (SNN) formula is an effective agent in treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); however, the precise mechanisms are still undefined. Activation of Kupffer cells by gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of NASH. In the present study, we aimed to explore the epigenetic regulation of microRNAs under the beneficial effects of SNN-containing serum in LPS stressed macrophages. Kupffer cells were isolated from C57BL/6 mice and treated with LPS or LPS and SNN-containing serum; the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was assessed. By using microarray chips, we investigated differentially expressed microRNA profiles to decipher the underlining mechanisms of SNN-containing serum. It was revealed that SNN-containing serum decreased TNF-α and IL-6 expression, and microRNA-152 was identified as the potential epigenetic regulator. We further verified the pharmacological effects in Raw264.7 cells; while transfection with miRNA-152 mimics could reduce TNF-α and IL-6, transfection with miRNA-152 inhibitor blocked the anti-inflammatory effect of SNN-containing serum. These results suggested that SNN-containing serum could improve inflammation in LPS stressed Kupffer cells and macrophages via upregulating microRNA-152.
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Aparicio-Vergara M, Tencerova M, Morgantini C, Barreby E, Aouadi M. Isolation of Kupffer Cells and Hepatocytes from a Single Mouse Liver. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1639:161-171. [PMID: 28752456 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7163-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver perfusion is a common technique used to isolate parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells for in vitro experiments. This method allows hepatic cells to be separated based on their size and weight, by centrifugation using a density gradient. To date, other methods allow the isolation of only one viable hepatic cellular fraction from a single mouse; either parenchymal (hepatocytes) or non-parenchymal cells (i.e., Kupffer cells or hepatic stellate cells). Here, we describe a method to isolate both hepatocytes and Kupffer cells from a single mouse liver, thereby providing the unique advantage of studying different liver cell types that have been isolated from the same organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Aparicio-Vergara
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 57, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- KMEB, Molecular Endocrinology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Cecilia Morgantini
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 57, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emelie Barreby
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 57, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 57, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Antibody-Directed Glucocorticoid Targeting to CD163 in M2-type Macrophages Attenuates Fructose-Induced Liver Inflammatory Changes. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 4:50-61. [PMID: 28344991 PMCID: PMC5363319 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increased consumption of high-caloric carbohydrates contributes substantially to endemic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in humans, covering a histological spectrum from fatty liver to steatohepatitis. Hypercaloric intake and lipogenetic effects of fructose and endotoxin-driven activation of liver macrophages are suggested to be essential to disease progression. In the present study, we show that a low dose of an anti-CD163-IgG-dexamethasone conjugate targeting the hemoglobin scavenger receptor CD163 in Kupffer cells and other M2-type macrophages has a profound effect on liver inflammatory changes in rats on a high-fructose diet. The diet induced severe non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-like changes within a few weeks but the antibody-drug conjugate strongly reduced inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning, fibrosis, and glycogen deposition. Non-conjugated dexamethasone or dexamethasone conjugated to a control IgG did not have this effect but instead exacerbated liver lipid accumulation. The low-dose anti-CD163-IgG-dexamethasone conjugate displayed no apparent systemic side effects. In conclusion, macrophage targeting by antibody-directed anti-inflammatory low-dose glucocorticoid therapy seems to be a promising approach for safe treatment of fructose-induced liver inflammation.
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Mazzolini G, Sowa JP, Canbay A. Cell death mechanisms in human chronic liver diseases: a far cry from clinical applicability. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:2121-2138. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
The liver is constantly exposed to a host of injurious stimuli. This results in hepatocellular death mainly by apoptosis and necrosis, but also due to autophagy, necroptosis, pyroptosis and in some cases by an intricately balanced combination thereof. Overwhelming and continuous cell death in the liver leads to inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. Although data from various disease models may suggest a specific (predominant) cell death mode for different aetiologies, the clinical reality is not as clear cut. Reliable and non-invasive cell death markers are not available in general practice and assessment of cell death mode to absolute certainty from liver biopsies does not seem feasible, yet. Various aetiologies probably induce different predominant cell death modes within the liver, although the death modes involved may change during disease progression. Moreover, current methods applicable in patients are limited to surrogate markers for apoptosis (M30), and possibly for pyroptosis (IL-1 family) and necro(pto)sis (HMGB1). Although markers for some death modes are not available at all (autophagy), others may not be specific for a cell death mode or might not always definitely indicate dying cells. Physicians need to take care in asserting the presence of cell death. Still the serum-derived markers are valuable tools to assess severity of chronic liver diseases. This review gives a short overview of known hepatocellular cell death modes in various aetiologies of chronic liver disease. Also the limitations of current knowledge in human settings and utilization of surrogate markers for disease assessment are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Mazzolini
- Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Medicas Aplicadas, Universidad Austral-CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Pilar Centro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jan-Peter Sowa
- Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Infliximab and Dexamethasone Attenuate the Ductular Reaction in Mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36586. [PMID: 27824131 PMCID: PMC5100545 DOI: 10.1038/srep36586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatic injury is accompanied by a ductular response that is strongly correlated with disease severity and progression of fibrosis. To investigate whether anti-inflammatory drugs can modulate the ductular response, we treated mice suffering from a steatotic or cholestatic injury with anti-TNF-α antibodies (Infliximab) or glucocorticoids (Dexamethasone). We discovered that Dexamethasone and Infliximab can both modulate the adaptive remodeling of the biliary architecture that occurs upon liver injury and limit extracellular matrix deposition. Infliximab treatment, at least in these steatotic and cholestatic mouse models, is the safer approach since it does not increase liver injury, allows inflammation to take place but inhibits efficiently the ductular response and extracellular matrix deposition. Infliximab-based therapy could, thus, still be of importance in multiple chronic liver disorders that display a ductular response such as alcoholic liver disease or sclerosing cholangitis.
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Abstract
Adipose tissue not only functions as the major energy-storing tissue, but also functions as an endocrine organ that regulates systemic metabolism by releasing various hormones called adipokines. Macrophages play a critical role in maintaining adipocyte health in a lean state and in remodeling during the progression of obesity. Large numbers of classically activated (M1) macrophages accumulate in adipose tissue as adipocytes become larger because of excessive energy conditions, and they adversely affect insulin resistance by triggering local and systemic inflammation. In contrast, alternatively activated (M2) macrophages seem to maintain the health of adipose tissues in a lean state. In addition, they play a role in adapting to excess energy states, because M2 macrophage dysfunction caused by genetic disruption of the M2 gene results in metabolic disorders under high-fat-fed conditions that are probably attributable to their anti-inflammatory functions. Nonetheless, how M2 macrophages contribute to maintaining the health of adipose tissue and therefore to insulin sensitivity is largely unknown. In this article, we review the literature on the role of M1 and M2 macrophages in metabolism, with a special focus on the role of M2 macrophages in adipose tissue. Likewise, we raise topics of M2 macrophages in non-adipose tissues to expand our understanding of macrophage heterogeneity.
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Brodt P. Role of the Microenvironment in Liver Metastasis: From Pre- to Prometastatic Niches. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5971-5982. [PMID: 27797969 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Liver metastases remain a major barrier to successful management of malignant disease, particularly for cancers of the gastrointestinal tract but also for other malignancies, such as breast carcinoma and melanoma. The ability of metastatic cells to survive and proliferate in the liver is determined by the outcome of complex, reciprocal interactions between tumor cells and different local resident subpopulations, including the sinusoidal endothelium, stellate, Kupffer, and inflammatory cells that are mediated through cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion and the release of soluble factors. Cross-communication between different hepatic resident cells in response to local tissue damage and inflammation and the recruitment of bone marrow cells further enhance this intercellular communication network. Both resident and recruited cells can play opposing roles in the progression of metastasis, and the balance of these divergent effects determines whether the tumor cells will die, proliferate, and colonize the new site or enter a state of dormancy. Moreover, this delicate balance can be tilted in favor of metastasis, if factors produced by the primary tumor precondition the microenvironment to form niches of activated resident cells that promote tumor expansion. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on these diverse interactions and the impact they can have on the clinical management of hepatic metastases. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 5971-82. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pnina Brodt
- Departments of Surgery, Medicine, and Oncology, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Activation and increase of radio-sensitive CD11b+ recruited Kupffer cells/macrophages in diet-induced steatohepatitis in FGF5 deficient mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34466. [PMID: 27708340 PMCID: PMC5052649 DOI: 10.1038/srep34466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported that Kupffer cells consist of two subsets, radio-resistant resident CD68+ Kupffer cells and radio-sensitive recruited CD11b+ Kupffer cells/macrophages (Mφs). Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized not only by hepatic steatosis but also chronic inflammation and fibrosis. In the present study, we investigated the immunological mechanism of diet-induced steatohepatitis in fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) deficient mice. After consumption of a high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, FGF5 null mice developed severe steatohepatitis and fibrosis resembling human NASH. F4/80+ Mφs which were both CD11b and CD68 positive accumulated in the liver. The production of TNF and FasL indicated that they are the pivotal effectors in this hepatitis. The weak phagocytic activity and lack of CRIg mRNA suggested that they were recruited Mφs. Intermittent exposure to 1 Gy irradiation markedly decreased these Mφs and dramatically inhibited liver inflammation without attenuating steatosis. However, depletion of the resident subset by clodronate liposome (c-lipo) treatment increased the Mφs and tended to exacerbate disease progression. Recruited CD11b+ CD68+ Kupffer cells/Mφs may play an essential role in steatohepatitis and fibrosis in FGF5 null mice fed with a HFD. Recruitment and activation of bone marrow derived Mφs is the key factor to develop steatohepatitis from simple steatosis.
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Kazankov K, Barrera F, Møller HJ, Rosso C, Bugianesi E, David E, Younes R, Esmaili S, Eslam M, McLeod D, Bibby BM, Vilstrup H, George J, Grønbaek H. The macrophage activation marker sCD163 is associated with morphological disease stages in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2016; 36:1549-57. [PMID: 27102725 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Macrophage activation plays a key pathogenic role in experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and contributes to the progression of steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. We studied macrophage activation in human NAFLD by measuring soluble (s)CD163, a specific macrophage activation marker, hypothesizing that sCD163 would be associated with the patients' morphological disease grade. Furthermore, we investigated an association between sCD163 and the apoptosis marker cytokeratin-18 (CK-18) to explore a link between macrophage activation and apoptosis. METHODS sCD163 associations with biochemical and histological measures of NAFLD were investigated in two independent cohorts of 157 Australian and 174 Italian NAFLD patients, with liver biopsies graded for NAFLD severity, steatosis and fibrosis. sCD163 and CK-18 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS In both cohorts sCD163 increased in parallel with the patients' morphological disease grading, being independently associated with the Kleiner fibrosis score (P < 0.001). A high sCD163 predicted advanced fibrosis {F ≥ 3; Australian cohort: area under receiver-operating characteristics curve 0.77 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76-0.87], Italian cohort: 0.80 (95% CI: 0.72-0.88)}. In both groups, sCD163 was independently associated with CK-18 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Soluble CD163 reflecting macrophage activation is associated with morphological features of NAFLD suggesting their involvement in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, NASH and particularly fibrosis. An independent association between sCD163 and cytokeratin-18 suggests that apoptosis may contribute to macrophage activation in NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Kazankov
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Francisco Barrera
- The Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Holger Jon Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Chiara Rosso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ezio David
- Division of Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ramy Younes
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Saeed Esmaili
- The Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed Eslam
- The Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Duncan McLeod
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Bo Martin Bibby
- Department of Biostatistics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hendrik Vilstrup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob George
- The Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Henning Grønbaek
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Ducheix S, Vegliante MC, Villani G, Napoli N, Sabbà C, Moschetta A. Is hepatic lipogenesis fundamental for NAFLD/NASH? A focus on the nuclear receptor coactivator PGC-1β. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3809-22. [PMID: 27522544 PMCID: PMC11108573 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases are the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. According to the classical pattern of NAFLD progression, de novo fatty acid synthesis has been incriminated in NAFLD progression. However, this hypothesis has been challenged by the re-evaluation of NAFLD development mechanisms together with the description of the role of lipogenic genes in NAFLD and with the recent observation that PGC-1β, a nuclear receptor/transcription factor coactivator involved in the transcriptional regulation of lipogenesis, displays protective effects against NAFLD/NASH progression. In this review, we focus on the implication of lipogenesis and triglycerides synthesis on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and discuss the involvement of these pathways in the protective role of PGC-1β toward these hepatic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ducheix
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale O. Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Vegliante
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Gaetano Villani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale O. Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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234
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Trasino SE, Tang XH, Jessurun J, Gudas LJ. A retinoic acid receptor β2 agonist reduces hepatic stellate cell activation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:1143-1151. [PMID: 27271256 PMCID: PMC5053866 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are an important cellular target for the development of novel pharmacological therapies to prevent and treat nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). Using a high fat diet (HFD) model of NAFLD, we sought to determine if synthetic selective agonists for retinoic acid receptor β2 (RARβ2) and RARγ can mitigate HSC activation and HSC relevant signaling pathways during early stages of NAFLD, before the onset of liver injury. We demonstrate that the highly selective RARβ2 agonist, AC261066, can reduce the activation of HSCs, marked by decreased HSC expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), in mice with HFD-induced NAFLD. Livers of HFD-fed mice treated with AC261066 exhibited reduced steatosis, oxidative stress, and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). Kupffer cell (macrophage) expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), which plays a critical role in early HSC activation, was markedly reduced in AC261066-treated, HFD-fed mice. In contrast, HFD-fed mice treated with an RARγ agonist (CD1530) showed no decreases in steatosis, HSC activation, or Kupffer cell TGF-β1 levels. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that RARβ2 is an attractive target for development of NAFLD therapies. KEY MESSAGES • Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are an important pharmacological target for the prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). • Retinoids and retinoic acid receptors (RARs) possess favorable metabolic modulating properties. • We show that an agonist for retinoic acid receptor-β2 (RARβ2), but not RARγ, mitigates HSC activation and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E. Trasino
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, Tel.: 212-746-6250; Fax: 212-746-8858, , ,
| | - Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, Tel.: 212-746-6250; Fax: 212-746-8858, , ,
| | - Jose Jessurun
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street New York, NY 10065, Tel.: 212-746-2700; Fax: 212-746-8624,
| | - Lorraine J. Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, Tel.: 212-746-6250; Fax: 212-746-8858, , ,
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C-X-C motif chemokine 10 in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: role as a pro-inflammatory factor and clinical implication. Expert Rev Mol Med 2016; 18:e16. [PMID: 27669973 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2016.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a more severe form of NAFLD and causes subsequent pathological changes including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Inflammation is the key pathological change in NASH and involves a series of cytokines and chemokines. The C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), which is known as a pro-inflammation chemokine, was recently proven to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NASH. Hepatic CXCL10 is mainly secreted by hepatocytes and liver sinusoidal endothelium. By binding to its specific receptor CXCR3, CXCL10 recruits activated CXCR3+ T lymphocytes and macrophages to parenchyma and promotes inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis. The circulating CXCL10 level correlates with the severity of lobular inflammation and is an independent risk factor for NASH patients. Thus, CXCL10 may be both a potential prognostic tool and a therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with NASH. The aim of this review is to highlight the growing advances in basic knowledge and clinical interest of CXCL10 in NASH to propagate new insights into novel pharmacotherapeutic avenues.
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236
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Kim CS, Choi HS, Joe Y, Chung HT, Yu R. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 with dietary quercetin reduces obesity-induced hepatic inflammation through macrophage phenotype switching. Nutr Res Pract 2016; 10:623-628. [PMID: 27909560 PMCID: PMC5126412 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.6.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity-induced steatohepatitis accompanied by activated hepatic macrophages/Kupffer cells facilitates the progression of hepatic fibrinogenesis and exacerbates metabolic derangements such as insulin resistance. Heme oxyganase-1 (HO-1) modulates tissue macrophage phenotypes and thus is implicated in protection against inflammatory diseases. Here, we show that the flavonoid quercetin reduces obesity-induced hepatic inflammation by inducing HO-1, which promotes hepatic macrophage polarization in favor of the M2 phenotype. MATERIALS/METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a regular diet (RD), high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD supplemented with quercetin (HF+Que, 0.5g/kg diet) for nine weeks. Inflammatory cytokines and macrophage markers were measured by ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. HO-1 protein was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS Quercetin supplementation decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6) and increased that of the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in the livers of HFD-fed mice. This was accompanied by upregulation of M2 macrophage marker genes (Arg-1, Mrc1) and downregulation of M1 macrophage marker genes (TNFα, NOS2). In co-cultures of lipid-laden hepatocytes and macrophages, treatment with quercetin induced HO-1 in the macrophages, markedly suppressed expression of M1 macrophage marker genes, and reduced release of MCP-1. Moreover, these effects of quercetin were blunted by an HO-1 inhibitor and deficiency of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Quercetin reduces obesity-induced hepatic inflammation by promoting macrophage phenotype switching. The beneficial effect of quercetin is associated with Nrf2-mediated HO-1 induction. Quercetin may be a useful dietary factor for protecting against obesity-induced steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Sook Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-ku, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Choi
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Joe
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Rina Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-ku, Ulsan 44610, Korea
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Mishra A, Iyer S, Kesarwani A, Baligar P, Arya SP, Arindkar S, Kumar MJM, Upadhyay P, Majumdar SS, Nagarajan P. Role of antigen presenting cell invariant chain in the development of hepatic steatosis in mouse model. Exp Cell Res 2016; 346:188-97. [PMID: 27371158 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of Invariant chain (CD74 or Ii) in antigen presentation via Antigen Presenting Cells (APC), macrophage recruitment as well as survival, T cell activation and B cell differentiation has been well recognized. However, the aspect of CD74 which is involved in the development of hepatic steatosis and the pathways through which it acts remain to be studied. In this study, we investigated the role of CD74 in the inflammatory pathway and its contribution to development of hepatic steatosis. For this, wild type C57BL/6J and CD74 deficient mice (Ii(-/-) mice) were fed with high fat high fructose (HFHF) diet for 12 weeks. Chronic consumption of this feed did not develop hepatic steatosis, glucose intolerance or change in the level of immune cells in Ii(-/-) mice. Moreover, there was relatively delayed expression of genes involved in development of non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in HFHF fed Ii(-/-) mice as compared to that of C57BL/6J phenotype. Taken together, the data suggest that HFHF diet fed Ii(-/-) mice fail to develop hepatic steatosis, suggesting that Ii mediated pathways play a vital role in the initiation and propagation of liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Srikanth Iyer
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | | | - Satya Pal Arya
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
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238
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Cranberry extract attenuates hepatic inflammation in high-fat-fed obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 37:60-66. [PMID: 27619543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) consumption has been associated with health beneficial effects. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a comorbidity of obesity. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a polyphenol-rich cranberry extract (CBE) on hepatic inflammation in high fat (HF)-fed obese C57BL/6J mice. Following dietary treatment with 0.8% CBE for 10 weeks, we observed no change in body weight or visceral fat mass in CBE-supplemented mice compared to HF-fed control mice. We did observe a significant decrease in plasma alanine aminotransferase (31%) and histological severity of NAFLD (33% decrease in area of involvement, 29% decrease in lipid droplet size) compared to HF-fed controls. Hepatic protein levels of tumor necrosis factor α and C-C chemokine ligand 2 were reduced by 28% and 19%, respectively, following CBE supplementation. CBE significantly decreased hepatic mRNA levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4, 63%) and nuclear factor κB (NFκB, 24%), as well as a number of genes related to the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome. In conclusion, CBE reduced NAFLD and hepatic inflammation in HF-fed obese C57BL/6J mice. These effects appear to be related to mitigation of TLR4-NFκB related signaling; however, further studies into the underlying mechanisms of these hepatoprotective effects are needed.
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239
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Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonist Use Is Associated With Lower Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Population-based Study From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2006. J Clin Gastroenterol 2016; 50:596-601. [PMID: 26905606 PMCID: PMC4935666 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Recent basic mechanistic studies found that proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) or histamine antagonists inhibited multiple pathways involved in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. The aim of this study was to investigate an association between PPIs or H1/H2-receptor antagonist (H1RA/H2RA) use and NAFLD prevalence in the general US population. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2006. We included 10,398 adults aged 20 to 74 years who had alanine aminotransferase data; of those, 2058 were identified as having NAFLD and 8340 as controls. PPI or H1RA/H2RA use was defined as use of prescription medications in the preceding month. The length of use was categorized as ≤60 days and >60 days. NAFLD was defined as elevated serum aminotransferases without any indication of other causes of chronic liver disease. RESULTS In the multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis, H2RA use was inversely associated with prevalent NAFLD [odds ratio (OR)=0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.18-0.99], a finding that was primarily limited to men (OR=0.18, 95% CI, 0.04-0.79) and those with insulin resistance (OR=0.22, 95% CI, 0.05-0.95). However, no significant associations were found between PPI or H1RA use and prevalent NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS These findings, from the first human study to investigate an association of PPI or H1RA/H2RA use with NAFLD, suggest that H2RA use may be associated with a lower prevalence of NAFLD, primarily among men with insulin resistance.
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240
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Jager J, Aparicio-Vergara M, Aouadi M. Liver innate immune cells and insulin resistance: the multiple facets of Kupffer cells. J Intern Med 2016; 280:209-20. [PMID: 26864622 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, which affects 600 million adults worldwide, is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and insulin resistance. Current therapies for these metabolic disorders include weight management by lifestyle intervention or bariatric surgery and pharmacological treatment with the aim of regulating blood glucose. Probably because of their short-term effectiveness, these therapies have not been able to stop the rapidly rising prevalence of T2D over the past decades, highlighting an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies. The role of immune cells, such as macrophages, in insulin resistance has been extensively studied. Major advances have been made to elucidate the role of adipose tissue macrophages in these pathogeneses. Recently, anti-inflammatory drugs have been suggested as an alternative treatment for T2D, and clinical trials of these agents are currently ongoing. In addition, results of previous clinical trials using antibodies against inflammatory cytokines, which showed modest effects, are now being rigorously re-evaluated. However, it is still unclear how liver macrophages [termed Kupffer cells (KCs)], which constitute the major source of macrophages in the body, contribute to the development of insulin resistance. In this review, we will discuss the present understanding of the role of liver immune cells in the development of insulin resistance. We will particularly focus on KCs, which could represent an attractive target for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jager
- Department of Medicine, KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, C2-84, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Aparicio-Vergara
- Department of Medicine, KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, C2-84, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Aouadi
- Department of Medicine, KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, C2-84, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
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241
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Houben T, Brandsma E, Walenbergh SMA, Hofker MH, Shiri-Sverdlov R. Oxidized LDL at the crossroads of immunity in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:416-429. [PMID: 27472963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is viewed as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and is a condition hallmarked by lipid accumulation in the liver (steatosis) along with inflammation (hepatitis). Currently, the etiology and mechanisms leading to obesity-induced hepatic inflammation are not clear and, as a consequence, strategies to diagnose or treat NASH in an accurate manner do not exist. In the current review, we put forward the concept of oxidized lipids as a significant risk factor for NASH. We will focus on the contribution of the different types of oxidized lipids as part of the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) to the hepatic inflammatory response. Furthermore, we will elaborate on the underlying mechanisms linking oxLDL to inflammatory responses in the liver and on how these cascades can be used as therapeutic targets to combat NASH. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipid modification and lipid peroxidation products in innate immunity and inflammation edited by Christoph J. Binder.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Houben
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - E Brandsma
- Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S M A Walenbergh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M H Hofker
- Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R Shiri-Sverdlov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Reid DT, Reyes JL, McDonald BA, Vo T, Reimer RA, Eksteen B. Kupffer Cells Undergo Fundamental Changes during the Development of Experimental NASH and Are Critical in Initiating Liver Damage and Inflammation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159524. [PMID: 27454866 PMCID: PMC4959686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has become the leading liver disease in North America and is associated with the progressive inflammatory liver disease non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Considerable effort has been made to understand the role of resident and recruited macrophage populations in NASH however numerous questions remain. Our goal was to characterize the dynamic changes in liver macrophages during the initiation of NASH in a murine model. Using the methionine-choline deficient diet we found that liver-resident macrophages, Kupffer cells were lost early in disease onset followed by a robust infiltration of Ly-6C+ monocyte-derived macrophages that retained a dynamic phenotype. Genetic profiling revealed distinct patterns of inflammatory gene expression between macrophage subsets. Only early depletion of liver macrophages using liposomal clodronate prevented the development of NASH in mice suggesting that Kupffer cells are critical for the orchestration of inflammation during experimental NASH. Increased understanding of these dynamics may allow us to target potentially harmful populations whilst promoting anti-inflammatory or restorative populations to ultimately guide the development of effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. T. Reid
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J. L. Reyes
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental y Regulación de la Inflamación Hepato-intestinal, UBIMED, FES Iztacala, UNAM, Mexico
| | - B. A. McDonald
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - T. Vo
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - R. A. Reimer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - B. Eksteen
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Wijesundera KK, Izawa T, Tennakoon AH, Golbar HM, Tanaka M, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. M1-/M2-macrophage polarization in pseudolobules consisting of adipohilin-rich hepatocytes in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced rat hepatic cirrhosis. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 101:133-42. [PMID: 27453055 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver steatosis is the most frequent liver disease and may further develop into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver cirrhosis, and finally hepatocellular carcinoma. Adipophilin (Adp) is localized on lipid droplet membrane in cytoplasm, and its increased expression is related to development of steatosis and NASH. The relationship between M1-/M2-macrophage polarization and Adp-rich hepatocyte-consisting pseudolobules (PLs) was investigated in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced rat cirrhosis. MATERIALS AND METHOD F344 rats were injected twice weekly with TAA (100mg/kg bodyweight) and sacrificed at post-first injection (PFI) weeks 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 32. Macrophage immunophenotypes and Adp-containing hepatocytes were analyzed by single immunolabeling. Adp and M1-/M2-related factors were analyzed by real -time RT-PCR. RESULTS PLs consisting exclusively of Adp-containing hepatocytes (Adp-positive) and PLs consisting of few Adp-containing hepatocytes (Adp-negative) were clearly distinguishable at PFI week 20 onwards. The numbers of M1-macrophages (reacting to CD68 and Iba1) and M2- macrophages (reacting to CD163, CD204 and Gal-3) were considerably greater in Adp-positive PLs. Expressions for both M1 (TNF-α, MCP-1, and Iba1)- and M2 (IL-4, TGF-β1, Gal-3, and Hsp25)-related factors were markedly higher in Adp-positive PLs at PFI week 25. Interestingly, MHC class II-positive macrophages/dendritic cells were increased in Adp-positive clusters/foci at the early stages at PFI weeks 5 and 10, and the level was gradually decreased thereafter. CONCLUSIONS M1-/M2-macrophages may simultaneously participate in the pathogenesis of steatosis in TAA-induced cirrhosis through M1- and M2-related factors. MHC class II cells may be responsible for steatosis at early stages, suggesting different functions from the above M1-/M2-macropahges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavindra Kumara Wijesundera
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano City, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan; Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 20000
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano City, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Anusha Hemamali Tennakoon
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano City, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan; Teaching Hospital Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Hossain Md Golbar
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano City, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Miyuu Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano City, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano City, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku-ourai-kita, Izumisano City, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan.
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Tsujimoto S, Kishina M, Koda M, Yamamoto Y, Tanaka K, Harada Y, Yoshida A, Hisatome I. Nimesulide, a cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor, suppresses obesity-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatic insulin resistance through the regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:721-8. [PMID: 27431935 PMCID: PMC4990319 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitors suppress non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the precise mechanism of action remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine how the COX-2 selective inhibitor nimesulide suppresses NAFLD in a murine model of high-fat diet (HFD)‑induced obesity. Mice were fed either a normal chow diet (NC), an HFD, or HFD plus nimesulide (HFD-nime) for 12 weeks. Body weight, hepatic COX-2 mRNA expression and triglyceride accumulation were significantly increased in the HFD group. Triglyceride accumulation was suppressed in the HFD-nime group. The mRNA expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and the natural PPARγ agonist 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d‑PGJ2) were significantly increased in the HFD group and significantly suppressed in the HFD-nime group. Glucose metabolism was impaired in the HFD group compared with the NC group, and it was significantly improved in the HFD-nime group. In addition, the plasma insulin levels in the HFD group were increased compared with those in the NC group, and were decreased in the HFD-nime group. These results indicate that HFD-induced NAFLD is mediated by the increased hepatic expression of COX-2. We suggest that the production of 15d-PGJ2, which is mediated by COX-2, induces NAFLD and hepatic insulin resistance by activating PPARγ. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP‑1), procollagen-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), as well as the number of F4/80-positive hepatic (Kupffer) cells, were significantly increased in the HFD group compared with the NC group, and they were reduced by nimesulide. In conclusion, COX-2 may emerge as a molecular target for preventing the development of NAFLD and insulin resistance in diet-related obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Tsujimoto
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Manabu Kishina
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koda
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Yamamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Group II, Pharmacology Research Department, Pharmaceutical Development Research Laboratories, Tokyo 191‑8512, Japan
| | - Kohei Tanaka
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yusuke Harada
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Akio Yoshida
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
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245
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Interleukin-34 as a fibroblast-derived marker of liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28814. [PMID: 27363523 PMCID: PMC4929441 DOI: 10.1038/srep28814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic non-viral liver disease. Activation of macrophages and hepatic stellate cells is a critical step that promotes liver fibrosis. We aimed to explore the feasibility of interleukin-34 (IL-34), a key regulator of macrophages, as a fibrosis marker in patients with NAFLD. We enrolled 197 liver biopsy-proven NAFLD patients. We evaluated the serum levels of IL-34, macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), soluble CD163 (sCD163), 40 cytokines/chemokines, hyaluronic acid, type IV collagen 7s, and clinically-approved fibrosis scores. IL-34 increased with the progression of fibrosis and was an independent marker for liver fibrosis. Immunostaining experiments, using resected liver specimens from NAFLD patients, revealed that IL-34 was mainly expressed on liver fibroblasts. IL-34 based fibrosis score (0.0387*IL-34 (pg/ml) + 0.3623*type IV collagen 7s (ng/ml) + 0.0184*age (year)-1.1850) was a practical predictive model of liver fibrosis. Using receiver-operating characteristic analyses, the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity of IL-34 based fibrosis score were superior or comparable to the other fibrosis biomarkers and scores. In conclusion, the IL-34 based fibrosis score, including serum IL-34, type IV collagen 7s and age, is a feasible diagnostic marker of liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients.
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246
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Balandaram G, Kramer LR, Kang BH, Murray IA, Perdew GH, Gonzalez FJ, Peters JM. Ligand activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ suppresses liver tumorigenesis in hepatitis B transgenic mice. Toxicology 2016; 363-364:1-9. [PMID: 27427494 PMCID: PMC5278792 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) inhibits steatosis and inflammation, known risk factors for liver cancer. In this study, the effect of ligand activation of PPARβ/δ in modulating liver tumorigenesis in transgenic hepatitis B virus (HBV) mice was examined. Activation of PPARβ/δ in HBV mice reduced steatosis, the average number of liver foci, and tumor multiplicity. Reduced expression of hepatic CYCLIN D1 and c-MYC, tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnfa) mRNA, serum levels of alanine aminotransaminase, and an increase in apoptotic signaling was also observed following ligand activation of PPARβ/δ in HBV mice compared to controls. Inhibition of Tnfa mRNA expression was not observed in wild-type hepatocytes. Ligand activation of PPARβ/δ inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mRNA expression of Tnfa in wild-type, but not in Pparβ/δ-null Kupffer cells. Interestingly, LPS-induced expression of Tnfa mRNA was also inhibited in Kupffer cells from a transgenic mouse line that expressed a DNA binding mutant form of PPARβ/δ compared to controls. Combined, these results suggest that ligand activation of PPARβ/δ attenuates hepatic tumorigenesis in HBV transgenic mice by inhibiting steatosis and cell proliferation, enhancing hepatocyte apoptosis, and modulating anti-inflammatory activity in Kupffer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Balandaram
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lance R Kramer
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Boo-Hyon Kang
- Chemon Nonclinical Research Institute, 240 Nampyeong-ro, Yangji-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Iain A Murray
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Gary H Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Peters
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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247
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CXCL10-Mediates Macrophage, but not Other Innate Immune Cells-Associated Inflammation in Murine Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28786. [PMID: 27349927 PMCID: PMC4923862 DOI: 10.1038/srep28786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an inflammatory lipotoxic disorder, but how inflammatory cells are recruited and activated within the liver is still unclear. We previously reported that lipotoxic hepatocytes release CXCL10-enriched extracellular vesicles, which are potently chemotactic for cells of the innate immune system. In the present study, we sought to determine the innate immune cell involved in the inflammatory response in murine NASH and the extent to which inhibition of the chemotactic ligand CXCL10 and its cognate receptor CXCR3 could attenuate liver inflammation, injury and fibrosis. C57BL/6J CXCL10−/−, CXCR3−/− and wild type (WT) mice were fed chow or high saturated fat, fructose, and cholesterol (FFC) diet. FFC-fed CXCL10−/− and WT mice displayed similar weight gain, metabolic profile, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. In contrast, compared to the WT mice, FFC-fed CXCL10−/− mice had significantly attenuated liver inflammation, injury and fibrosis. Genetic deletion of CXCL10 reduced FFC-induced proinflammatory hepatic macrophage infiltration, while natural killer cells, natural killer T cells, neutrophils and dendritic cells hepatic infiltration were not significantly affected. Our results suggest that CXCL10−/− mice are protected against diet-induced NASH, in an obesity-independent manner. Macrophage-associated inflammation appears to be the key player in the CXCL10-mediated sterile inflammatory response in murine NASH.
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248
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Ma Z, Chu L, Liu H, Li J, Zhang Y, Liu W, Dai J, Yi J, Gao Y. Paeoniflorin alleviates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats: Involvement with the ROCK/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:377-84. [PMID: 27351828 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) is one of the major active ingredients of Paeonia lactiflora and has been suggested as a dietary therapy for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); however, the involved mechanism remains obscure. The present work investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of PF and explores the possible mechanisms in a rat model of NASH. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat (HCF) diet for 12weeks to induce the NASH model, and PF (20mg/kg/d) was orally administered to the NASH rats during the last four weeks of the study. Our results showed that PF significantly decreased serum alanine transferase (ALT) and aspartate transferase (AST) activities and also significantly decreased total levels of cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (all P<0.05). Moreover, PF ameliorated the hepatic steatosis and inflammation and inhibited CD68 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-1 expression (both P<0.05). PF also down-regulated the activity of Rho kinase (ROCK) and suppressed the activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway in liver tissue. PF has liver protective and anti-inflammatory effects in HCF diet-induced NASH rats. The possible mechanisms may be associated with inhibition of the ROCK/NF-κB signaling pathway in the NASH liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China; Department of Immunology and Pathobiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Li Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Hongying Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Jieru Li
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Wentai Liu
- Department of Immunology and Pathobiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Immunology and Pathobiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Jianfeng Yi
- Key Laboratory for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China.
| | - Yue Gao
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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Kheder RK, Hobkirk J, Stover CM. In vitro Modulation of the LPS-Induced Proinflammatory Profile of Hepatocytes and Macrophages- Approaches for Intervention in Obesity? Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:61. [PMID: 27446914 PMCID: PMC4916220 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Low grade endotoxemia is a feature of obesity which is linked to development of steatohepatitis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this study, macrophages (J774) and hepatocytes (HepG2) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli 0111: B4 and analyzed for modulation of this response when preconditioned or stimulated subsequent to LPS, with different doses of Vitamin D3 or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) over a time period of 1 and 5 days. Pro-inflammatory TNFα and pro-fibrotic TGFβ released into the supernatants were measured by ELISA; qPCR was performed for Srebp-1c and PPARα mRNA (genes for products involved in fatty acid synthesis and catabolism, respectively). Vitamin D3 and DHA exerted a consistent, dose dependent anti-inflammatory effect, and increased PPARα relative to Srebp-1c in both cell types. By contrast, addition of free fatty acids (FFA, oleic acid/palmitic acid 2:1) caused aggravation of LPS-induced inflammatory reaction and an increase of Srebp-1c relative to PPARα. Our results argue in favor of dietary supplementation of Vitamin D3 or DHA (and avoidance of monounsaturated/saturated fatty acids) to alleviate development of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiar K Kheder
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of LeicesterLeicester, UK; College of Nursing, University of RaparinRanya, Iraq
| | - James Hobkirk
- Department of Sport, Health, and Exercise Science, University of Hull Hull, UK
| | - Cordula M Stover
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Leicester Leicester, UK
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Narayanan S, Surette FA, Hahn YS. The Immune Landscape in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Immune Netw 2016; 16:147-58. [PMID: 27340383 PMCID: PMC4917398 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver lies at the intersection of multiple metabolic pathways and consequently plays a central role in lipid metabolism. Pathological disturbances in hepatic lipid metabolism are characteristic of chronic metabolic diseases, such as obesity-mediated insulin resistance, which can result in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Tissue damage induced in NAFLD activates and recruits liver-resident and non-resident immune cells, resulting in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Importantly, NASH is associated with an increased risk of significant clinical sequelae such as cirrhosis, cardiovascular diseases, and malignancies. In this review, we describe the immunopathogenesis of NASH by defining the known functions of immune cells in the progression and resolution of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Narayanan
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Fionna A Surette
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Young S Hahn
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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