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Ishida S, Kasamatsu A, Endo-Sakamoto Y, Nakashima D, Koide N, Takahara T, Shimizu T, Iyoda M, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H, Uzawa K. Novel mechanism of aberrant ZIP4 expression with zinc supplementation in oral tumorigenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 483:339-345. [PMID: 28017725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zrt-Irt-like protein 4 (ZIP4) is critical molecule for proper mammalian development and releasing zinc from vesicular compartments. Recent studies suggested that ZIP4 plays an important role of tumor progression in pancreatic, prostate, and hepatocellular cancers, however, little is known about the detail mechanism of ZIP4 in their cancers. In the present study, we examined the possibility of ZIP4 as a new molecular target for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We evaluated ZIP4 expression in OSCC-derived cell lines and primary OSCC samples by quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). We also analyzed the clinical correlation between ZIP4 status and clinical behaviors in patients with OSCC. In addition, ZIP4 knockdown cells (shZIP4 cells) and ZnCl2 treatment were used for functional experiments, including cellular proliferation assay, zinc uptake assay, and cell-cycle analysis. ZIP4 mRNA and protein were up-regulated significantly in OSCCs compared with normal counterparts in vitro and in vivo. IHC showed that ZIP4 expression in the primary OSCC was positively correlated with primary tumoral size. The shZIP4 cells showed decrease accumulation of intercellular zinc and decreased cellular growth by cell-cycle arrest at the G1 phase, resulting from up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and down-regulation of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. Since cellular growth of OSCC cells after treatment with zinc was significantly greater than control cells, we speculated that intercellular ZnCl2 accumulation is an important factor for cellular growth. Consistent with our hypothesis, not only decreased zinc uptake by ZIP4 knockdown but also chelating agent, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN), showed inhibitory effects of cellular proliferation. Therefore, our data provide evidence for an essential role of ZIP4 and intracellular zinc for tumoral growth in OSCC, suggesting that zinc uptake might be a potential therapeutic targeting event for OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Ishida
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Endo-Sakamoto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Dai Nakashima
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nao Koide
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takahara
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Manabu Iyoda
- Division of Oral Surgery, Chiba Rosai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiiba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Uzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
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202
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Hessels AM, Taylor KM, Merkx M. Monitoring cytosolic and ER Zn(2+) in stimulated breast cancer cells using genetically encoded FRET sensors. Metallomics 2016; 8:211-7. [PMID: 26739447 PMCID: PMC4756312 DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00257e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Zn(2+)-specific ion channel ZIP7 has been implicated to play an important role in releasing Zn(2+) from the ER. External stimulation of breast cancer cells has been proposed to induce phosphorylation of ZIP7 by CK2α, resulting in ZIP7-mediated Zn(2+) release from the ER into the cytosol. Here, we examined whether changes in cytosolic and ER Zn(2+) concentrations can be detected upon such external stimuli. Two previously developed FRET sensors for Zn(2+), eZinCh-2 (Kd = 1 nM at pH 7.1) and eCALWY-4 (Kd = 0.63 nM at pH 7.1), were expressed in both the cytosol and the ER of wild-type MCF-7 and TamR cells. Treatment of MCF-7 and TamR cells with external Zn(2+) and pyrithione, one of the previously used triggers, resulted in an immediate increase in free Zn(2+) in both cytosol and ER, suggesting that Zn(2+) was directly transferred across the cellular membranes by pyrithione. Cells treated with a second trigger, EGF/ionomycin, showed no changes in intracellular Zn(2+) levels, neither in multicolor imaging experiments that allowed simultaneous imaging of cytosolic and ER Zn(2+), nor in experiments in which cytosolic and ER Zn(2+) were monitored separately. In contrast to previous work using small-molecule fluorescent dyes, these results indicate that EGF-ionomycin treatment does not result in significant changes in cytosolic Zn(2+) levels as a result from Zn(2+) release from the ER. These results underline the importance of using genetically encoded fluorescent sensors to complement and verify intracellular imaging experiments with synthetic fluorescent Zn(2+) dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Hessels
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Kathryn M Taylor
- Breast Cancer Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Maarten Merkx
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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203
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Kille P, Morgan AJ, Powell K, Mosselmans JFW, Hart D, Gunning P, Hayes A, Scarborough D, McDonald I, Charnock JM. 'Venus trapped, Mars transits': Cu and Fe redox chemistry, cellular topography and in situ ligand binding in terrestrial isopod hepatopancreas. Open Biol 2016; 6:rsob.150270. [PMID: 26935951 PMCID: PMC4821242 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Woodlice efficiently sequester copper (Cu) in ‘cuprosomes' within hepatopancreatic ‘S' cells. Binuclear ‘B’ cells in the hepatopancreas form iron (Fe) deposits; these cells apparently undergo an apocrine secretory diurnal cycle linked to nocturnal feeding. Synchrotron-based µ-focus X-ray spectroscopy undertaken on thin sections was used to characterize the ligands binding Cu and Fe in S and B cells of Oniscus asellus (Isopoda). Main findings were: (i) morphometry confirmed a diurnal B-cell apocrine cycle; (ii) X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping indicated that Cu was co-distributed with sulfur (mainly in S cells), and Fe was co-distributed with phosphate (mainly in B cells); (iii) XRF mapping revealed an intimate morphological relationship between the basal regions of adjacent S and B cells; (iv) molecular modelling and Fourier transform analyses indicated that Cu in the reduced Cu+ state is mainly coordinated to thiol-rich ligands (Cu–S bond length 2.3 Å) in both cell types, while Fe in the oxidized Fe3+ state is predominantly oxygen coordinated (estimated Fe–O bond length of approx. 2 Å), with an outer shell of Fe scatterers at approximately 3.05 Å; and (v) no significant differences occur in Cu or Fe speciation at key nodes in the apocrine cycle. Findings imply that S and B cells form integrated unit-pairs; a functional role for secretions from these cellular units in the digestion of recalcitrant dietary components is hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kille
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3US, UK
| | - A J Morgan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3US, UK
| | - K Powell
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3US, UK
| | - J F W Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - D Hart
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3US, UK
| | - P Gunning
- Smith and Nephew, Heslington, York Science Park, York YO10 5DF, UK
| | - A Hayes
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3US, UK
| | - D Scarborough
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3US, UK
| | - I McDonald
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - J M Charnock
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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204
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Taylor KA, Pugh N. The contribution of zinc to platelet behaviour during haemostasis and thrombosis. Metallomics 2016; 8:144-55. [PMID: 26727074 DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00251f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are the primary cellular determinants of haemostasis and pathological thrombus formation leading to myocardial infarction and stroke. Following vascular injury or atherosclerotic plaque rupture, platelets are recruited to sites of damage and undergo activation induced by a variety of soluble and/or insoluble agonists. Platelet activation is a multi-step process culminating in the formation of thrombi, which contribute to the haemostatic process. Zinc (Zn(2+)) is acknowledged as an important signalling molecule in a diverse range of cellular systems, however there is limited understanding of the influence of Zn(2+) on platelet behaviour during thrombus formation. This review evaluates the contributions of exogenous and intracellular Zn(2+) to platelet function and assesses the potential pathophysiological implications of Zn(2+) signalling. We also provide a speculative assessment of the mechanisms by which platelets could respond to changes in extracellular and intracellular Zn(2+) concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Taylor
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK.
| | - N Pugh
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK.
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205
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Subramanian Vignesh K, Deepe GS. Immunological orchestration of zinc homeostasis: The battle between host mechanisms and pathogen defenses. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 611:66-78. [PMID: 26921502 PMCID: PMC4996772 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The importance of Zn ions (Zn) in regulating development and functions of the immune system is well established. However, recent years have witnessed a surge in our knowledge of how immune cells choreograph Zn regulatory mechanisms to combat the persistence of pathogenic microbes. Myeloid and lymphoid populations manipulate intracellular and extracellular Zn metabolism via Zn binding proteins and transporters in response to immunological signals and infection. Rapid as well as delayed changes in readily exchangeable Zn, also known as free Zn and the Zn proteome are crucial in determining activation of immune cells, cytokine responses, signaling and nutritional immunity. Recent studies have unearthed distinctive Zn modulatory mechanisms employed by specialized immune cells and necessitate an understanding of the Zn handling behavior in immune responses to infection. The focus of this review, therefore, stems from novel revelations of Zn intoxication, sequestration and signaling roles deployed by different immune cells, with an emphasis on innate immunity, to challenge microbial parasitization and cope with pathogen insult.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George S Deepe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Veterans Affairs Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA.
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206
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Roles of Zinc Signaling in the Immune System. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:6762343. [PMID: 27872866 PMCID: PMC5107842 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6762343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for basic cell activities such as cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Zn deficiency depresses both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the precise physiological mechanisms of the Zn-mediated regulation of the immune system have been largely unclear. Zn homeostasis is tightly controlled by the coordinated activity of Zn transporters and metallothioneins, which regulate the transport, distribution, and storage of Zn. There is growing evidence that Zn behaves like a signaling molecule, facilitating the transduction of a variety of signaling cascades in response to extracellular stimuli. In this review, we highlight the emerging functional roles of Zn and Zn transporters in immunity, focusing on how crosstalk between Zn and immune-related signaling guides the normal development and function of immune cells.
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207
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Zaman MS, Johnson AJ, Bobek G, Kueh S, Kersaitis C, Bailey TD, Buskila Y, Wu MJ. Protein kinase CK2 regulates metal toxicity in neuronal cells. Metallomics 2016; 8:82-90. [PMID: 26623569 DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00260e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 is a pleiotropic tetrameric enzyme, regulating numerous biological processes from cell proliferation to stress response. This study demonstrates for the first time that CK2 is involved in the regulation of metal uptake and toxicity in neuronal cells. After the determination of inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for a range of metal salts (ZnSO4, Al(mal)3, CoCl2, CrO3, NaAsO2 and CaCl2) in Neuro-2a mouse neuroblastoma cells, the effect of CK2 on metal toxicity was investigated by three lines of experiments using CK2 inhibitors, metal ion specific fluorophores and siRNA-mediated knockdown of CK2 expression. The results showed that both CK2 inhibitors, 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB) and quinalizarin, markedly reduced the toxicity of Zn(ii), Al(iii), Co(ii), Cr(vi) and As(iii). Confocal microscopy imaging revealed that Zn(ii) uptake was accompanied by the increase of intracellular Ca(ii) in Neuro-2a cells treated with IC50 of ZnSO4 (240 μM), and such concurrent elevation of intracellular Zn(ii) and Ca(ii) was blocked by TBB and quinalizarin. The role of CK2 in metal uptake was further characterised using specific siRNA against each of the three subunits (CK2α, α' and β) and the data demonstrate that CK2α' is the prominent subunit regulating the metal toxicity. Finally, the role of CK2 in metal toxicity was found to be conserved in the distant species-Saccharomyces cerevisiae by employing the complete deletion mutants of CK2 (cka1Δ, cka2Δ, ckb1Δ and ckb2Δ). Taken together, these findings shed light on a new facet of CK2 functionality and provide a basis for further research on the regulation of Zn(ii) and Ca(ii) homeostasis by CK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Zaman
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Adam J Johnson
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Gabriele Bobek
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Sindy Kueh
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Cindy Kersaitis
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Trevor D Bailey
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Yossi Buskila
- Bioelectronics and Neuroscience Group, The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Ming J Wu
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
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208
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Ohashi W, Kimura S, Iwanaga T, Furusawa Y, Irié T, Izumi H, Watanabe T, Hijikata A, Hara T, Ohara O, Koseki H, Sato T, Robine S, Mori H, Hattori Y, Watarai H, Mishima K, Ohno H, Hase K, Fukada T. Zinc Transporter SLC39A7/ZIP7 Promotes Intestinal Epithelial Self-Renewal by Resolving ER Stress. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006349. [PMID: 27736879 PMCID: PMC5065117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc transporters play a critical role in spatiotemporal regulation of zinc homeostasis. Although disruption of zinc homeostasis has been implicated in disorders such as intestinal inflammation and aberrant epithelial morphology, it is largely unknown which zinc transporters are responsible for the intestinal epithelial homeostasis. Here, we show that Zrt-Irt-like protein (ZIP) transporter ZIP7, which is highly expressed in the intestinal crypt, is essential for intestinal epithelial proliferation. Mice lacking Zip7 in intestinal epithelium triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in proliferative progenitor cells, leading to significant cell death of progenitor cells. Zip7 deficiency led to the loss of Olfm4+ intestinal stem cells and the degeneration of post-mitotic Paneth cells, indicating a fundamental requirement for Zip7 in homeostatic intestinal regeneration. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for the importance of ZIP7 in maintenance of intestinal epithelial homeostasis through the regulation of ER function in proliferative progenitor cells and maintenance of intestinal stem cells. Therapeutic targeting of ZIP7 could lead to effective treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Intestinal epithelium undergoes continuous self-renewal to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Given that dysregulation of zinc flux causes intestinal disorders, appropriate spatiotemporal regulation of zinc in the intracellular compartments should be a prerequisite for the intestinal epithelial self-renewal process. Zinc transporters such as Zrt-Irt-like proteins (ZIPs) are essential to fine-tune intracellular zinc flux. However, the link between specific zinc transporter(s) and intestinal epithelial self-renewal remains to be elucidated. Here, we found that ZIP7 is highly expressed in the intestinal crypts. The finding motivated us to further analyze the role of ZIP7 in intestinal homeostasis. ZIP7 deficiency greatly enhanced ER stress response in proliferative progenitor cells, which induced apoptotic cell death. This abnormality disrupted epithelial proliferation and intestinal stemness. Based on these observations, we reason that ZIP7-dependent zinc transport facilitates the vigorous epithelial proliferation in the intestine by ameliorating ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Ohashi
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Iwanaga
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Furusawa
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Barriology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tarou Irié
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Izumi
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hijikata
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hara
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Technology Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sylvie Robine
- Equipe de Morphogenese et Signalisation cellulaires UMR 144 CNRS/Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Hisashi Mori
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watarai
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Barriology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (KH); (TF)
| | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro, Tokushima, Japan
- * E-mail: (KH); (TF)
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209
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Zinc-Induced Polymerization of Killer-Cell Ig-like Receptor into Filaments Promotes Its Inhibitory Function at Cytotoxic Immunological Synapses. Mol Cell 2016; 62:21-33. [PMID: 27058785 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory function of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) that bind HLA-C and block activation of human natural killer (NK) cells is dependent on zinc. We report that zinc induced the assembly of soluble KIR into filamentous polymers, as detected by electron microscopy, which depolymerized after zinc chelation. Similar KIR filaments were isolated from lysates of cells treated with zinc, and membrane protrusions enriched in zinc were detected on whole cells by scanning electron microscopy and imaging mass spectrometry. Two independent mutations in the extracellular domain of KIR, away from the HLA-C binding site, impaired zinc-driven polymerization and inhibitory function. KIR filaments formed spontaneously, without the addition of zinc, at functional inhibitory immunological synapses of NK cells with HLA-C(+) cells. Adding to the recent paradigm of signal transduction through higher order molecular assemblies, zinc-induced polymerization of inhibitory KIR represents an unusual mode of signaling by a receptor at the cell surface.
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210
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Aper SJ, Merkx M. Rewiring Multidomain Protein Switches: Transforming a Fluorescent Zn(2+) Sensor into a Light-Responsive Zn(2+) Binding Protein. ACS Synth Biol 2016; 5:698-709. [PMID: 27031076 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein-based sensors and switches provide attractive tools for the real-time monitoring and control of molecular processes in complex biological environments. Fluorescent sensor proteins have been developed for a wide variety of small molecules, but the construction of genetically encoded light-responsive ligand binding proteins remains mostly unexplored. Here we present a generic approach to reengineer a previously developed FRET-based Zn(2+) sensor into a light-activatable Zn(2+) binding protein using a design strategy based on mutually exclusive domain interactions. These so-called VividZn proteins consist of two light-responsive Vivid domains that homodimerize upon illumination with blue light, thus preventing the binding of Zn(2+) between two Zn(2+) binding domains, Atox1 and WD4. Following optimization of the linker between WD4 and the N-terminus of one of the Vivid domains, VividZn variants were obtained that show a 9- to 55-fold decrease in Zn(2+) affinity upon illumination, which is fully reversible following dark adaptation. The Zn(2+) affinities of the switch could be rationally tuned between 1 pM and 2 nM by systematic variation of linker length and mutation of one of the Zn(2+) binding residues. Similarly, introduction of mutations in the Vivid domains allowed tuning of the switching kinetics between 10 min and 7 h. Low expression levels in mammalian cells precluded the demonstration of light-induced perturbation of cytosolic Zn(2+) levels. Nonetheless, our results firmly establish the use of intramolecular Vivid dimerization as an attractive light-sensitive input module to rationally engineer light-responsive protein switches based on mutually exclusive domain interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn J.A. Aper
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology
and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of
Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Merkx
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology
and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of
Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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211
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Structural insights of ZIP4 extracellular domain critical for optimal zinc transport. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11979. [PMID: 27321477 PMCID: PMC4915132 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ZIP zinc transporter family is responsible for zinc uptake from the extracellular milieu or intracellular vesicles. The LIV-1 subfamily, containing nine out of the 14 human ZIP proteins, is featured with a large extracellular domain (ECD). The critical role of the ECD is manifested by disease-causing mutations on ZIP4, a representative LIV-1 protein. Here we report the first crystal structure of a mammalian ZIP4-ECD, which reveals two structurally independent subdomains and an unprecedented dimer centred at the signature PAL motif. Structure-guided mutagenesis, cell-based zinc uptake assays and mapping of the disease-causing mutations indicate that the two subdomains play pivotal but distinct roles and that the bridging region connecting them is particularly important for ZIP4 function. These findings lead to working hypotheses on how ZIP4-ECD exerts critical functions in zinc transport. The conserved dimeric architecture in ZIP4-ECD is also demonstrated to be a common structural feature among the LIV-1 proteins.
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212
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Zinc transporter ZIP10 forms a heteromer with ZIP6 which regulates embryonic development and cell migration. Biochem J 2016; 473:2531-44. [PMID: 27274087 PMCID: PMC4980808 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is involved in cell migration during embryo development and in cancer. We show that a zinc transporter consisting of two proteins, ZIP6 and ZIP10, stimulates both cell migration and division in mammalian cells and in the zebrafish embryo. There is growing evidence that zinc and its transporters are involved in cell migration during development and in cancer. In the present study, we show that zinc transporter ZIP10 (SLC39A10) stimulates cell motility and proliferation, both in mammalian cells and in the zebrafish embryo. This is associated with inactivation of GSK (glycogen synthase kinase)-3α and -3β and down-regulation of E-cadherin (CDH1). Morpholino-mediated knockdown of zip10 causes delayed epiboly and deformities of the head, eye, heart and tail. Furthermore, zip10 deficiency results in overexpression of cdh1, zip6 and stat3, the latter gene product driving transcription of both zip6 and zip10. The non-redundant requirement of Zip6 and Zip10 for epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is consistent with our finding that they exist as a heteromer. We postulate that a subset of ZIPs carrying prion protein (PrP)-like ectodomains, including ZIP6 and ZIP10, are integral to cellular pathways and plasticity programmes, such as EMT.
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213
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Wee J, Day DM, Linz JE. Effects of Zinc Chelators on Aflatoxin Production in Aspergillus parasiticus. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8060171. [PMID: 27271668 PMCID: PMC4926138 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8060171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc concentrations strongly influence aflatoxin accumulation in laboratory media and in food and feed crops. The presence of zinc stimulates aflatoxin production, and the absence of zinc impedes toxin production. Initial studies that suggested a link between zinc and aflatoxin biosynthesis were presented in the 1970s. In the present study, we utilized two zinc chelators, N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethane-1,2-diamine (TPEN) and 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS) to explore the effect of zinc limitation on aflatoxin synthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus. TPEN but not DMPS decreased aflatoxin biosynthesis up to six-fold depending on whether A. parasiticus was grown on rich or minimal medium. Although we observed significant inhibition of aflatoxin production by TPEN, no detectable changes were observed in expression levels of the aflatoxin pathway gene ver-1 and the zinc binuclear cluster transcription factor, AflR. Treatment of growing A. parasiticus solid culture with a fluorescent zinc probe demonstrated an increase in intracellular zinc levels assessed by increases in fluorescent intensity of cultures treated with TPEN compared to controls. These data suggest that TPEN binds to cytoplasmic zinc therefore limiting fungal access to zinc. To investigate the efficacy of TPEN on food and feed crops, we found that TPEN effectively decreases aflatoxin accumulation on peanut medium but not in a sunflower seeds-derived medium. From an application perspective, these data provide the basis for biological differences that exist in the efficacy of different zinc chelators in various food and feed crops frequently contaminated by aflatoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Wee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
- Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Devin M Day
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - John E Linz
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
- Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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214
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Naito Y, Yoshikawa Y, Masuda K, Yasui H. Bis(hinokitiolato)zinc complex ([Zn(hkt)2]) activates Akt/protein kinase B independent of insulin signal transduction. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 21:537-48. [PMID: 27251140 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since many Zn complexes have been developed to enhance the insulin-like activity and increase the exposure and residence of Zn in the animal body, these complexes are recognized as one of the new candidates with action mechanism different from existing anti-diabetic drugs. However, the molecular mechanism by which Zn complexes exert an anti-DM effect is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the activity of Zn complexes, especially related to the phosphorylation of insulin signaling pathway components. We focused on the insulin-like effects of the bis(hinokitiolato)zinc complex, [Zn(hkt)2], using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. [Zn(hkt)2] was taken up by cells and induced Akt phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner. Additionally, it showed inhibitory activity against PTP1B and PTEN, which are major negative regulators of insulin signaling. It did not promote the phosphorylation of IR (insulin receptor)-β or IRS (insulin receptor substrate)-1 by itself, but in combination with insulin, it enhanced the phosphorylation of IRβ. We conclude that [Zn(hkt)2] has effects on the proteins of insulin signaling pathway without insulin receptor mediation, and [Zn(hkt)2] promotes insulin function and shows the anti-DM effects. Thus, [Zn(hkt)2] may be the basis for improved DM treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Naito
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yoshikawa
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, 4-7-2 Minatojima-nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0046, Japan.
| | - Kazufumi Masuda
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, 703-8516, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasui
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
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215
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The EVER genes - the genetic etiology of carcinogenesis in epidermodysplasia verruciformis and a possible role in non-epidermodysplasia verruciformis patients. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2016; 33:75-80. [PMID: 27279814 PMCID: PMC4884774 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2016.59145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the two adjacent novel EVER1 and EVER2 genes have been identified, whose mutations are responsible for the development of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). Epidermodysplasia verruciformis is a rare, autosomal recessive genodermatosis associated with increased risk of skin carcinoma. Up to now 7 mutations in the EVER1 gene and 5 mutations in the EVER2 gene have been identified only in EV. It was also determined that the EVER genes belong to a novel gene family, the transmembrane channel-like (TMC) family, and are responsible for properly functioning zinc homeostasis. These observations have given new insights into EV pathogenesis.
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216
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Hasan R, Rink L, Haase H. Chelation of Free Zn²⁺ Impairs Chemotaxis, Phagocytosis, Oxidative Burst, Degranulation, and Cytokine Production by Neutrophil Granulocytes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:79-88. [PMID: 26400651 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil granulocytes are the largest leukocyte population in the blood and major players in the innate immune response. Impaired neutrophil function has been reported in in vivo studies with zinc-deficient human subjects and experimental animals. Moreover, in vitro formation of neutrophil extracellular traps has been shown to depend on free intracellular Zn(2+). This study investigates the requirement of Zn(2+) for several other essential neutrophil functions, such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis, cytokine production, and degranulation. To exclude artifacts resulting from indirect effects of zinc deprivation, such as impaired hematopoietic development and influences of other immune cells, direct effects of zinc deprivation were tested in vitro using cells isolated from healthy human donors. Chelation of Zn(2+) by the membrane permeable chelator N,N,N',N'-tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine (TPEN) reduced granulocyte migration toward N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLF) and IL-8, indicating a role of free intracellular Zn(2+) in chemotaxis. However, a direct action of Zn(2+) as a chemoattractant, as previously reported by others, was not observed. Similar to chemotaxis, phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and granule release were also impaired in TPEN-treated granulocytes. Moreover, Zn(2+) contributes to the regulatory role of neutrophil granulocytes in the inflammatory response by affecting the cytokine production by these cells. TPEN inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of chemotactic IL-8 and also anti-inflammatory IL-1ra. In conclusion, free intracellular Zn(2+) plays essential roles in multiple neutrophil functions, affecting extravasation to the site of the infection, uptake and killing of microorganisms, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafah Hasan
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hajo Haase
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Technology, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany.
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217
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Lu T, Li J, Qian S, Cao H, Ning C, Liu X. Enhanced osteogenic and selective antibacterial activities on micro-/nano-structured carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:2944-2953. [PMID: 32262972 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00268d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFRPEEK) possesses a similar elastic modulus to that of human cortical bone and is considered as a promising candidate to replace metallic surgical implants. However, the bioinertness and deficiency of antibacterial activities impedes the application of CFRPEEK as orthopedic and especially oral implants. In this work, dual zinc and oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation (Zn/O-PIII) is applied to modify CFRPEEK, achieving both zinc incorporation and introduction of unique micro-/nano-structures on the surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation reveals the formation of micro-pits with the size of around 800 nm on the CFRPEEK surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) test results confirm the existence of ZnO on the near surface. In vitro cell adhesion, viability assay, and real-time PCR analyses disclose enhanced adhesion, proliferation, and osteo-differentiation of mouse osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) and rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) on the structured surface. Furthermore, the multilevel structures on CFRPEEK exhibit great antibacterial activity to biofilm-positive Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), MRSA (ATCC 43300) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 35984) while show no obvious inhibition to Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and biofilm-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228). The obtained results indicate that the CFRPEEK surface with specific biological properties can be enhanced by zinc incorporation and multilevel structure introduction, through which the application of CFRPEEK to orthopedic and dental implants can be further broadened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
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218
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Kumar J, Barhydt T, Awasthi A, Lithgow GJ, Killilea DW, Kapahi P. Zinc Levels Modulate Lifespan through Multiple Longevity Pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153513. [PMID: 27078872 PMCID: PMC4831763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace metal that has integral roles in numerous biological processes, including enzymatic function, protein structure, and cell signaling pathways. Both excess and deficiency of zinc can lead to detrimental effects on development and metabolism, resulting in abnormalities and disease. We altered the zinc balance within Caenorhabditis elegans to examine how changes in zinc burden affect longevity and healthspan in an invertebrate animal model. We found that increasing zinc levels in vivo with excess dietary zinc supplementation decreased the mean and maximum lifespan, whereas reducing zinc levels in vivo with a zinc-selective chelator increased the mean and maximum lifespan in C. elegans. We determined that the lifespan shortening effects of excess zinc required expression of DAF-16, HSF-1 and SKN-1 proteins, whereas the lifespan lengthening effects of the reduced zinc may be partially dependent upon this set of proteins. Furthermore, reducing zinc levels led to greater nuclear localization of DAF-16 and enhanced dauer formation compared to controls, suggesting that the lifespan effects of zinc are mediated in part by the insulin/IGF-1 pathway. Additionally, zinc status correlated with several markers of healthspan in worms, including proteostasis, locomotion and thermotolerance, with reduced zinc levels always associated with improvements in function. Taken together, these data support a role for zinc in regulating both development and lifespan in C. elegans, and that suggest that regulation of zinc homeostasis in the worm may be an example of antagonistic pleiotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- DBT-PU-IPLS Programme, Department of Botany/Biotechnology, Patna University, Patna- 800005, Bihar, India
- * E-mail: (PK); (DWK); (JK)
| | - Tracy Barhydt
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
| | - Anjali Awasthi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gordon J. Lithgow
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
| | - David W. Killilea
- Nutrition & Metabolism Center, Children’s Hospital of Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PK); (DWK); (JK)
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PK); (DWK); (JK)
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219
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Liang X, Dempski RE, Burdette SC. Zn(2+) at a cellular crossroads. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 31:120-5. [PMID: 27010344 PMCID: PMC4870122 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient for cellular homeostasis. Initially proposed to only contribute to cellular viability through structural roles and non-redox catalysis, advances in quantifying changes in nM and pM quantities of Zn(2+) have elucidated increasing functions as an important signaling molecule. This includes Zn(2+)-mediated regulation of transcription factors and subsequent protein expression, storage and release of intracellular compartments of zinc quanta into the extracellular space which modulates plasma membrane protein function, as well as intracellular signaling pathways which contribute to the immune response. This review highlights some recent advances in our understanding of zinc signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Liang
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester, MA 01609-2280, United States
| | - Robert E Dempski
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester, MA 01609-2280, United States
| | - Shawn C Burdette
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester, MA 01609-2280, United States.
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220
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Kambe T, Takeda TA, Nishito Y. Activation of zinc-requiring ectoenzymes by ZnT transporters during the secretory process: Biochemical and molecular aspects. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 611:37-42. [PMID: 27046342 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In humans, about 1000 enzymes are estimated to bind zinc. In most of these enzymes, zinc is present at the active site; thus, these enzymes are functional as "zinc-requiring enzymes". Of these zinc-requiring enzymes, zinc-requiring ectoenzymes (defined as secretory, membrane-bound, and organelle-resident enzymes) have received much attention because of their important physiological functions, involvement in a number of diseases, and potential applications as therapeutic targets for diseases. Zinc-requiring ectoenzymes may become active by coordinating zinc at their active site during the secretory process, which requires elaborate control of zinc mobilization from the extracellular milieu to the cytosol and then lumen in the early secretory pathway. Therefore, zinc transporters should properly maintain the process at systemic, cellular, and subcellular levels by mobilizing zinc across biological membranes. However, few studies have examined the mechanisms underlying this process. In this review, current knowledge of the activation process of zinc-requiring ectoenzymes by ZnT zinc transporters in the early secretory pathway is briefly reviewed at the molecular level, with a focus on tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase. Moreover, we also discuss whether zinc-chaperone proteins function during the activation of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Taka-Aki Takeda
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yukina Nishito
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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221
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Khan MZ. A possible significant role of zinc and GPR39 zinc sensing receptor in Alzheimer disease and epilepsy. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 79:263-72. [PMID: 27044837 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc the essential trace element, plays a significant role in the brain development and in the proper brain functions at every stage of life. Misbalance of zinc (Zn(2+)) ions in the central nervous system is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Depression, and Epilepsy. In brain, Zn(2+) has been identified as a ligand, capable of activating and inhibiting the receptors including the NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs), GABAA receptors, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), glycine receptors (glyR) and serotonin receptors (5-HT3). Recently GPR39 has been identified as a zinc-specific receptor, widely expressed in brain tissues including the frontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. GPR39, when binding with Zn(2+) has shown promising therapeutic potentials. This review presents current knowledge regarding the role of GPR39 zinc sensing receptor in brain, with a focus on Alzheimer's disease and Epilepsy. Although the results are encouraging, further research is needed to clarify zinc and GPR39 role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahid Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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222
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Wong VKW, Dong H, Liang X, Bai LP, Jiang ZH, Guo Y, Kong ANT, Wang R, Kam RKT, Law BYK, Hsiao WWL, Chan KM, Wang J, Chan RWK, Guo J, Zhang W, Yen FG, Zhou H, Leung ELH, Yu Z, Liu L. Rh2E2, a novel metabolic suppressor, specifically inhibits energy-based metabolism of tumor cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:9907-24. [PMID: 26799418 PMCID: PMC4891092 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism in cancer cells is often increased to meet their higher proliferative rate and biosynthesis demands. Suppressing cancer cell metabolism using agents like metformin has become an attractive strategy for treating cancer patients. We showed that a novel ginsenoside derivative, Rh2E2, is as effective as aspirin in preventing the development of AOM/DSS-induced colorectal cancer and suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in a LLC-1 xenograft. A sub-chronic and acute toxicity LD50 test of Rh2E2 showed no harmful reactions at the maximum oral dosage of 5000 mg/kg body weight in mice. Proteomic profiling revealed that Rh2E2 specifically inhibited ATP production in cancer cells via down-regulation of metabolic enzymes involving glycolysis, fatty acid β-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, leading to specific cytotoxicity and S-phase cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. Those findings suggest that Rh2E2 possesses a novel and safe anti-metabolic agent for cancer patients by specific reduction of energy-based metabolism in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Hang Dong
- Shum Yiu Foon Shum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Li-Ping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Richard Kin Ting Kam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wendy Wen Luen Hsiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
- Shum Yiu Foon Shum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Man Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jingrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Rick Wai Kit Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jianru Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Feng Gen Yen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Elaine Lai Han Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Zhiling Yu
- Shum Yiu Foon Shum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
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223
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Gupta N, Ram H, Kumar B. Mechanism of Zinc absorption in plants: uptake, transport, translocation and accumulation. REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND BIO/TECHNOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11157-016-9390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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224
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Yasuda H, Tsutsui T. Infants and elderlies are susceptible to zinc deficiency. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21850. [PMID: 26912464 PMCID: PMC4766432 DOI: 10.1038/srep21850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of zinc for human health has been recognized since the early 1960s, but today there is little concern about zinc deficiency in developed countries. In this study, we measured the zinc concentration in hair from 28,424 Japanese subjects (18,812 females and 9,612 males) and found that 1,754 subjects (6.17%) had zinc concentrations lower than 2 standard deviations (86.3 ppm) below the control reference range, which qualifies as zinc deficiency. In particular, a considerable proportion of elderlies and children (20% or more) were found to have marginal to severe zinc deficiency. A zinc concentration of 9.7 ppm was the lowest observed in a 51-year-old woman; this concentration was approximately 1/13 of the mean reference level. The prevalence of zinc deficiency in adults increased with aging to a maximum of 19.7% by the 8(th) decade of life, and decreased to 3.4% above 90-year-old. The proportion of zinc deficiency in infants 0-4 years was 36.5% in males and 47.3% in females; these percentages were higher than the maximum prevalence in elderly subjects. These findings suggest that infants and elderlies are prone to zinc deficiency and that intervention of zinc deficiency is necessary for normal human development, health and longevity.
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225
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Zinc Chloride Transiently Maintains Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by Activating Stat3 Signaling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148994. [PMID: 26910359 PMCID: PMC4765890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An improved understanding of the pluripotency maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cells is important for investigations of early embryo development and for cell replacement therapy, but the mechanism behind pluripotency is still incompletely understood. Recent findings show that zinc, an essential trace element in humans, is critically involved in regulating various signaling pathways and genes expression. However, its role in ES cell fate determination remains to be further explored. Here we showed that 2μM zinc chloride (ZnCl2) transiently maintained mouse ES cell pluripotency in vitro. The cultured mouse ES cells remained undifferentiated under 2μM ZnCl2 treatment in leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) withdrawal, retinoic acid (RA) or embryoid bodies (EBs) differentiation assays. In addition, ZnCl2 increased pluripotency genes expression and inhibited differentiation genes expression. Further mechanistic studies revealed that ZnCl2 transiently activated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (Stat3) signaling through promoting Stat3 phosphorylation. Inhibition of Stat3 signaling abrogated the effects of ZnCl2 on mouse ES cell pluripotency. Taken together, this study demonstrated a critical role of zinc in the pluripotency maintenance of mouse ES cells, as well as an important regulator of Stat3 signaling.
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226
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Zhao Y, Feresin RG, Falcon-Perez JM, Salazar G. Differential Targeting of SLC30A10/ZnT10 Heterodimers to Endolysosomal Compartments Modulates EGF-Induced MEK/ERK1/2 Activity. Traffic 2016; 17:267-88. [PMID: 26728129 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The solute carrier 30A (SLC30A) family of zinc exporters transports zinc into the lumen of intracellular organelles in order to prevent zinc toxicity. We reported that formation of tyrosine dimers is required for ZnT3 (zinc transporter 3) zinc transport activity and targeting to synaptic-like microvesicles (SLMVs) in PC12 cells and the formation of ZnT3/ZnT10 heterodimers. Here, we focused on ZnT10 to determine the role of heterodimerization in the sorting of ZnTs in the endolysosomal pathway. Using cell fractionation, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence approaches, we found that ZnT10 resides in transferrin receptor and Rab5-positive endosomes and forms covalent heterodimers and oligomers with ZnT2, ZnT3 and ZnT4. The interaction of ZnT10 with ZnT3, mediated by dityrosine bonds, was unable to target ZnT10 into SLMVs in vitro or into synaptic vesicles isolated from mouse brain in vivo. However, ZnT3/ZnT10 heterodimers regulate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) signaling by increasing the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), but not EGF-R, C-Raf or Akt phosphorylation in response to EGF. Further, mutation of tyrosine 4 in ZnT10 reduced ZnT3/ZnT10 dityrosine-mediated heterodimerization and zinc transport, as well as MEK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, which were also reduced by the zinc chelator TPEN. Phosphorylation of these kinases is likely to occur in the cytosol as no differences in phosphorylation were observed in membrane fractions of control and ZnT3/ZnT10-expressing cells. We propose that ZnT10 plays a role in signal transduction, which is mediated by homo and heterodimerization with other ZnTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Zhao
- The Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Rafaela G Feresin
- The Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Juan M Falcon-Perez
- Exosomes Lab, Metabolomics Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBErehd, Derio, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gloria Salazar
- The Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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227
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Adeyemi JA, Adedire CO, Paulelli AC, da Cunha Martins A, Ileke KD, Barbosa F. Levels and daily intake of lead (Pb) and six essential elements in gari samples from Ondo State, Southwest Nigeria: A potential risk factor of health status. J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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228
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MP Resulting in Autophagic Cell Death of Microglia through Zinc Changes against Spinal Cord Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6090316. [PMID: 27057544 PMCID: PMC4736586 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6090316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methylprednisolone pulse therapy (MPPT), as a public recognized therapy of spinal cord injury (SCI), is doubted recently, and the exact mechanism of MP on SCI is unclear. This study sought to investigate the exact effect of MP on SCI. We examined the effect of MP in a model of SCI in vivo and an LPS induced model in vitro. We found that administration of MP produced an increase in the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores and motor neurons counts of injured rats. Besides the number of activated microglia was apparently reduced by MP in vivo, and Beclin-1 dependent autophagic cell death of microglia was induced by MP in LPS induced model. At the same time, MP increases cellular zinc concentration and level of ZIP8, and TPEN could revert effect of MP on autophagic cell death of microglia. Finally, we have found that MP could inhibit NF-κβ in LPS induced model. These results show that the MP could result in autophagic cell death of microglia, which mainly depends on increasing cellular labile zinc, and may be associated with inhibition of NF-κβ, and that MP can produce neuroprotective effect in SCI.
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229
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Balamurugan R, Chang WI, Zhang Y, Fitriyani S, Liu JH. A turn-on fluorescence chemosensor based on a tripodal amine [tris(pyrrolyl-α-methyl)amine]-rhodamine conjugate for the selective detection of zinc ions. Analyst 2016; 141:5456-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00486e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A tris(pyrrolyl-α-methyl)amine (H3tpa) and rhodamine-based conjugate (PR) served as a sensor for the selective detection of Zn2+and their application of imaging living cells were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathinam Balamurugan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan 70101
- Republic of China
| | - Wen-I Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan 70101
- Republic of China
| | - Yandison Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan 70101
- Republic of China
| | - Sri Fitriyani
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan 70101
- Republic of China
| | - Jui-Hsiang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan 70101
- Republic of China
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230
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Xiao S, Liu Z, Zhao J, Pei M, Zhang G, He W. A novel fluorescent sensor based on imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine for Zn2+. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01800a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel chemosensorL1for the detection of Zn2+based on imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine in C2H5OH–H2O (9 : 1, v/v) buffer solution was designed and synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Jinyan Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
- Jinan Technician College
| | - Meishan Pei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Guangyou Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Wei He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
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231
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Du Y, Guo D, Wu Q, Shi J, Liu D, Bi H. Protective effects of appropriate Zn2+ levels against UVB radiation-induced damage in human lens epithelial cells in vitro. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 21:213-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-015-1324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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232
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Valera P, Zavattari P, Sanna A, Pretti S, Marcello A, Mannu C, Targhetta C, Bruno G, Songini M. Zinc and Other Metals Deficiencies and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: An Ecological Study in the High Risk Sardinia Island. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141262. [PMID: 26559814 PMCID: PMC4641716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes incidence presents a decreasing gradient in Europe from the Nordic countries to the Mediterranean ones. Exception to this gradient is represented by Sardinia, the second largest Mediterranean island whose population shows the highest incidence in Europe, after Finland. The genetic features of this population have created a fertile ground for the epidemic of the disease, however, as well as being strikingly high, the incidence rate has suddenly presented a continuous increase from the ‘50s, not explainable by accumulation of new genetic variants. Several environmental factors have been taken into account, possibly interacting with the genetic/epigenetic scenario, but there are no strong evidences to date. Methods The present study investigated the hypothesis that geochemical elements could create permissive environmental conditions for autoimmune diabetes. An ecological analysis was performed to test possible correlations between the values of eight elements in stream sediments and type 1 diabetes incidence rate in Sardinia. Results Analyses revealed negative associations between elements, such as Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, and type 1 diabetes incidence. Conclusions The results suggest a possible protective role of some elements against the onset of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Valera
- Department of Civil-Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- * E-mail: (PV); (PZ)
| | - Patrizia Zavattari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- * E-mail: (PV); (PZ)
| | - Alessandro Sanna
- Department of Civil-Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pretti
- Department of Civil-Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alberto Marcello
- Department of Civil-Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carla Mannu
- Centre for the Study of Diabetes Complications and Metabolic Diseases, St. Michele Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Clara Targhetta
- Centre for the Study of Diabetes Complications and Metabolic Diseases, St. Michele Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Graziella Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Songini
- Centre for the Study of Diabetes Complications and Metabolic Diseases, St. Michele Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
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233
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Yin XF, Jiang LB, Ma YQ, Xu J, Gu HJ, Wu XH, Li XL, Dong J. Decreased Zn(2+) Influx Underlies the Protective Role of Hypoxia in Rat Nucleus Pulposus Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 168:196-205. [PMID: 25910898 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Zn(2+) is an essential component of metalloproteinases, and is required for their activity in cartilage; however, the effect of Zn(2+) on nucleus pulposus (NP) cells has not been widely investigated. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of intracellular Zn(2+) concentration ([Zn(2+)]i) in hypoxia-induced regulation of metalloproteinases (MMPs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) production in NP cells. NP cells from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were cultured as monolayers or in alginate beads. [Zn(2+)]i was assayed by FluoZin-3 AM staining. Alcian Blue staining, immunochemistry, 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay, and real-time PCR were used to assay collagen II, proteoglycan, and COL2A1, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-5 mRNA expression. ZIP8, a main Zn(2+) transporter in chondrocytes, was assayed by immunochemistry and in Western blotting. Interleukin (IL)-1β- and ZnCl2-induced increases of [Zn(2+)]i were significantly inhibited by hypoxia. Hypoxia did not reverse a decline of ECM expression caused by IL-1β and ZnCl2 in monolayer cultures, but did significantly attenuate the decreases of proteoglycan, glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and COL2A1 mRNA expression following IL-1β and ZnCl2 treatment in alginate bead cultures. However, ZnCl2 inhibited the protective effect of hypoxia. Both an intracellular Zn(2+) chelator and hypoxia prevented the increase in MMP-13 mRNA expression. IL-1β and ZnCl2 treatment increased ZIP8 expression in NP cells, and hypoxia inhibited ZIP8 expression. In conclusion, decrease of Zn(2+) influx mediates the protective role of hypoxia on ECM and MMP-13 expression. Consequently, changes in intracellular Zn(2+) concentration maybe involved in intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fan Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Bo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi-Qun Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Jie Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Lei Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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234
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Adedire CO, Adeyemi JA, Paulelli AC, da Cunha Martins-Junior A, Ileke KD, Segura FR, de Oliveira-Souza VC, Batista BL, Barbosa F. Toxic and essential elements in Nigerian rice and estimation of dietary intake through rice consumption. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2015; 8:271-6. [PMID: 26368023 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2015.1085101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, levels and estimated daily intake (EDI) of two toxic elements, Cd and Pb, and eight essential elements: Ca, P, Zn, Mn, Co, Cu, Se and Mo, were determined in Nigerian rice samples. The mean levels of Cd, Pb and Co were 5.43±0.88, 38.66±5.42, 25.8±3.18 ng/g. The mean levels of Ca, P, Zn, Mn, Cu, Se and Mo were 71.5±7.31, 951±52.0, 10.2±0.63, 8.5±0.47, 3.07±0.18, 40.1±9.2 and 0.39±0.05 µg/g, respectively. The percentage contribution to the reference values for each element was 0.54, 7.71, 0.38, 9.51, 8.97, 31.3, 30.7, 5.1 and 60.7% for Cd, Pb, Ca, P, Zn, Mn, Cu, Se and Mo, respectively. The elemental nutrient levels in Nigerian rice samples are comparable to those obtained from other regions and their consumption does not pose any serious health risk to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris O Adedire
- a Department of Biology, School of Science , Federal University of Technology , Akure , Nigeria
| | - Joseph A Adeyemi
- b Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil.,c Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences , Osun State University , Osogbo , Nigeria
| | - Ana Carolina Paulelli
- b Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Airton da Cunha Martins-Junior
- b Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Kayode D Ileke
- d Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries, Faculty of Science , Adekunle Ajasin University , Akungba Akoko , Nigeria
| | - Fabiana Roberta Segura
- e Centre of Human and Natural Sciences , Federal University of ABC , Santo André , Brazil
| | - Vanessa C de Oliveira-Souza
- b Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Bruno L Batista
- b Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil.,e Centre of Human and Natural Sciences , Federal University of ABC , Santo André , Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- b Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
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235
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Hara H, Taniguchi M, Kobayashi M, Kamiya T, Adachi T. Plasma-activated medium-induced intracellular zinc liberation causes death of SH-SY5Y cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 584:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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236
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Hessels AM, Chabosseau P, Bakker MH, Engelen W, Rutter GA, Taylor KM, Merkx M. eZinCh-2: A Versatile, Genetically Encoded FRET Sensor for Cytosolic and Intraorganelle Zn(2+) Imaging. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:2126-34. [PMID: 26151333 PMCID: PMC4577962 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zn(2+) plays essential and diverse roles in numerous cellular processes. To get a better understanding of intracellular Zn(2+) homeostasis and the putative signaling role of Zn(2+), various fluorescent sensors have been developed that allow monitoring of Zn(2+) concentrations in single living cells in real time. Thus far, two families of genetically encoded FRET-based Zn(2+) sensors have been most widely applied, the eCALWY sensors developed by our group and the ZapCY sensors developed by Palmer and co-workers. Both have been successfully used to measure cytosolic free Zn(2+), but distinctly different concentrations have been reported when using these sensors to measure Zn(2+) concentrations in the ER and mitochondria. Here, we report the development of a versatile alternative FRET sensor containing a de novo Cys2His2 binding pocket that was created on the surface of the donor and acceptor fluorescent domains. This eZinCh-2 sensor binds Zn(2+) with a high affinity that is similar to that of eCALWY-4 (Kd = 1 nM at pH 7.1), while displaying a substantially larger change in emission ratio. eZinCh-2 not only provides an attractive alternative for measuring Zn(2+) in the cytosol but was also successfully used for measuring Zn(2+) in the ER, mitochondria, and secretory vesicles. Moreover, organelle-targeted eZinCh-2 can also be used in combination with the previously reported redCALWY sensors to allow multicolor imaging of intracellular Zn(2+) simultaneously in the cytosol and the ER or mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Hessels
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS),
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline Chabosseau
- Section
of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten H. Bakker
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS),
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Engelen
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS),
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Section
of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn M. Taylor
- Breast
Cancer Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten Merkx
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS),
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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237
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Abstract
Zinc is an important micronutrient, essential in the diet to avoid a variety of conditions associated with malnutrition such as diarrhoea and alopecia. Lowered circulating levels of zinc are also found in diabetes mellitus, a condition which affects one in twelve of the adult population and whose treatments consume approximately 10 % of healthcare budgets. Zn2+ ions are essential for a huge range of cellular functions and, in the specialised pancreatic β-cell, for the storage of insulin within the secretory granule. Correspondingly, genetic variants in the SLC30A8 gene, which encodes the diabetes-associated granule-resident Zn2+ transporter ZnT8, are associated with an altered risk of type 2 diabetes. Here, we focus on (i) recent advances in measuring free zinc concentrations dynamically in subcellular compartments, and (ii) studies dissecting the role of intracellular zinc in the control of glucose homeostasis in vitro and in vivo. We discuss the effects on insulin secretion and action of deleting or over-expressing Slc30a8 highly selectively in the pancreatic β-cell, and the role of zinc in insulin signalling. While modulated by genetic variability, healthy levels of dietary zinc, and hence normal cellular zinc homeostasis, are likely to play an important role in the proper release and action of insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis and lower diabetes risk.
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238
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Factors affecting the activation and inhibition of intracellular enzymes for degradation of 1,2 diamino benzene: kinetics and thermodynamic studies. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:2221-30. [PMID: 26334986 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Citrobacter freundii, the bacterium isolated from marine sediments was capable of degrading 1,2 diamino benzene (DAB), an endocrine disruptor. The mixed intracellular enzymes from C. freundii were extracted and purified. The mixed intracellular enzymes were used for the degradation of DAB and degree of degradation was evaluated in terms of pyruvic acid, the end product, formed. The variables such as effect of pH, temperature and metal ions on the degradation of DAB using mixed intracellular enzymes (MICE) were investigated. The maximum amount of pyruvic acid formed was found to be 569 ± 5 µg with 96% degradation efficiency at pH 7; temperature 25 °C; zinc nitrate 0.1 mM; and copper sulphate ions 0.15 mM. The stability of MICE at different temperatures and the interaction of MICE with metal ions were confirmed using FT-IR spectroscopy. The formation of pyruvic acid from degradation of DAB followed pseudo-second-order rate kinetics and it was a spontaneous, exothermic process. The activation energy of degradation of DAB by MICE was found to be 82.55 kJ/mol.
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239
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Notomi T, Kuno M, Hiyama A, Ohura K, Noda M, Skerry TM. Zinc-Induced Effects on Osteoclastogenesis Involves Activation of Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide Modulated Channels via Changes in Membrane Potential. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1618-26. [PMID: 25762086 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a trace element in the mammalian body, and increasing evidence shows its critical role in bone development and osteoclastogenesis. The relationships between zinc and voltage-gated ion channels have been reported; however, the effects of zinc on membrane potential and the related ion channels remain unknown. In this study, we found that zinc-induced hyperpolarization in RAW264.7 cells (RAW) was promoted by inhibition of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide modulated channels (HCNs). In electrophysiological experiments with RAW-derived osteoclasts, HCNs were functional and generated hyperpolarization-activated inward currents (Ih) with properties similar to the Ih recorded in excitable cells such as neurons and cardiomyocytes. Quantitative PCR of HCN subunits HCN1 and HCN4 in RAW cells showed detectable levels of HCN1 mRNA and HCN4 expression was the highest of all four subunits. HCN4 knockdown decreased osteoclastic Ih and promoted osteoclastogenesis in the presence of zinc, but not in the absence of zinc. To determine the effect of membrane hyperpolarization on osteoclastogenesis, we developed a light-controllable membrane potential system in RAW cells by stably expressing the light-driven outward proton pump, Archaerhodopsin3 (Arch). Arch activation by yellow-green light hyperpolarizes the cell membrane. Light-induced hyperpolarization accelerated osteoclast differentiation in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). Thus, HCN activation reduced the hyperpolarization-related promotion of osteoclast differentiation in the presence of zinc. This study revealed the novel role of HCN and membrane potential in non-excitable osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Notomi
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Global Center of Excellence Program for Molecular Science for Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kuno
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Hiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ohura
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Noda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Global Center of Excellence Program for Molecular Science for Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Timothy M Skerry
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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240
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Ishida T, Yamaguchi T, Takechi S. 3-Hydro-2,2,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine: A novel inducer of zinc transporter-1 in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 580:57-63. [PMID: 26145010 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dihydropyrazine compounds, including 3-hydro-2,2,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine (DHP-3), are low-molecular-weight glycation products spontaneously generated in vivo and also ingested via food. Our preliminary study using microarray analysis demonstrated that DHP-3 induced zinc transporter-1 (ZnT-1) in HepG2 cells. It is well known that the increase of intracellular zinc is a sensitive stimulating factor for ZnT-1 protein induction; however, there is little information about the induction of ZnT-1 by low-molecular-weight chemical compounds. Here, we attempted to clarify the mechanism of ZnT-1 induction by DHP-3. A significant increase of ZnT-1 mRNA was observed 6h after DHP-3 treatment at concentrations over 0.5mM, and disappeared 24h after exposure. This induction pattern followed that of metal-responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF-1) mRNA, a metalloregulatory protein that serves as a major transcription factor of ZnT-1. Moreover, DHP-3 yielded transcriptional activation of MTF-1 in a luciferase reporter assay. The intracellular zinc content was unaffected by the compound; however, oxidative stress was observed in cells under the same conditions that activated the MTF-1 signaling pathway. These results suggest that DHP-3 is a novel ZnT-1 inducer and acts via activation of the MTF-1 signaling pathway. Additionally, the activation of MTF-1 by this compound likely occurs through oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Ishida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
| | - Tadatoshi Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
| | - Shinji Takechi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
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241
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Cellular sensing and transport of metal ions: implications in micronutrient homeostasis. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1103-15. [PMID: 26342943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrients include the transition metal ions zinc, copper and iron. These metals are essential for life as they serve as cofactors for many different proteins. On the other hand, they can also be toxic to cell growth when in excess. As a consequence, all organisms require mechanisms to tightly regulate the levels of these metal ions. In eukaryotes, one of the primary ways in which metal levels are regulated is through changes in expression of genes required for metal uptake, compartmentalization, storage and export. By tightly regulating the expression of these genes, each organism is able to balance metal levels despite fluctuations in the diet or extracellular environment. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of how gene expression can be controlled at a transcriptional, posttranscriptional and posttranslational level in response to metal ions in lower and higher eukaryotes. Specifically, I review what is known about how these metalloregulatory factors sense fluctuations in metal ion levels and how changes in gene expression maintain nutrient homeostasis.
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242
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Impact of Cadmium on Intracellular Zinc Levels in HepG2 Cells: Quantitative Evaluations and Molecular Effects. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:949514. [PMID: 26339654 PMCID: PMC4538774 DOI: 10.1155/2015/949514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is classified as a human carcinogen, and its disturbance in zinc homeostasis has been well established. However, its extent as well as molecular mechanisms involved in cadmium carcinogenesis has yet to be fully clarified. To this end, we used the zinc specific probe Zinquin to visualize and to quantitatively evaluate changes in the concentration of labile zinc, in an in vitro model of human hepatic cells (HepG2) exposed to cadmium. A very large increase (+93%) of intracellular labile zinc, displaced by cadmium from the zinc proteome, was measured when HepG2 were exposed to 10 µM cadmium for 24 hrs. Microarray expression profiling showed that in cells, featuring an increase of labile zinc after cadmium exposure, one of the top regulated genes is Snail1 (+3.6), which is included in the adherens junction pathway and linked to cancer. In the same pathway MET, TGF-βR, and two members of the Rho-family GTPase, Rac, and cdc42 all implicated in the loss of adherence features and acquisition of migratory and cancer properties were regulated, as well. The microRNAs analysis showed a downregulation of miR-34a and miR-200a, both implicated in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These microRNAs results support the role played by zinc in affecting gene expression at the posttranscriptional level.
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243
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Ugajin T, Nishida K, Yamasaki S, Suzuki J, Mita M, Kubo M, Yokozeki H, Hirano T. Zinc-binding metallothioneins are key modulators of IL-4 production by basophils. Mol Immunol 2015; 66:180-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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244
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Zinc regulates expression of IL-23 p19 mRNA via activation of eIF2α/ATF4 axis in HAPI cells. Biometals 2015; 28:891-902. [PMID: 26174742 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-015-9874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn(2+)) is considered to be one of the factors aggravating brain damage after cerebral ischemia. Since Zn(2+) activates microglia, immune cells in the brain, this metal is proposed to modulate neuroinflammatory responses in the post-ischemic brain. Interleukin (IL)-23 is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of the p19 subunit unique to IL-23 and the p40 subunit common to IL-12. IL-23 has been shown to play a critical role in the progression of ischemic brain injury. However, whether Zn(2+) participates in the expression of IL-23 in microglia remains unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of Zn(2+) on IL-23 p19 mRNA expression using rat immortalized microglia HAPI cells. Exposure to Zn(2+) dose- and time-dependently induced the expression of IL-23 p19 mRNA in HAPI cells. Inhibitors of MAPK and NF-κB pathways failed to suppress this induction. Interestingly, we found that Zn(2+) stimulated the phosphorylation of eIF2α and promoted the nuclear accumulation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Treatment with salubrinal, an eIF2α dephosphorylation inhibitor, enhanced Zn(2+)-induced ATF4 accumulation and IL-23 p19 mRNA expression. In addition, reporter assay using the IL-23 p19 promoter region revealed that ATF4 directly transactivated IL-23 p19 promoter and that dominant-negative ATF4 suppressed Zn(2+)-induced activation of IL-23 p19 promoter. Taken together, these findings suggest that Zn(2+) up-regulates expression of the IL-23 p19 gene via the eIF2α/ATF4 axis in HAPI cells.
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245
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Kambe T, Tsuji T, Hashimoto A, Itsumura N. The Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Roles of Zinc Transporters in Zinc Homeostasis and Metabolism. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:749-84. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is involved in a variety of biological processes, as a structural, catalytic, and intracellular and intercellular signaling component. Thus zinc homeostasis is tightly controlled at the whole body, tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels by a number of proteins, with zinc transporters being particularly important. In metazoan, two zinc transporter families, Zn transporters (ZnT) and Zrt-, Irt-related proteins (ZIP) function in zinc mobilization of influx, efflux, and compartmentalization/sequestration across biological membranes. During the last two decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular properties, expression, regulation, and cellular and physiological roles of ZnT and ZIP transporters, which underpin the multifarious functions of zinc. Moreover, growing evidence indicates that malfunctioning zinc homeostasis due to zinc transporter dysfunction results in the onset and progression of a variety of diseases. This review summarizes current progress in our understanding of each ZnT and ZIP transporter from the perspective of zinc physiology and pathogenesis, discussing challenging issues in their structure and zinc transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tokuji Tsuji
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Hashimoto
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Itsumura
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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246
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Mesquita VA, Machado MD, Silva CF, Soares EV. Impact of multi-metals (Cd, Pb and Zn) exposure on the physiology of the yeast Pichia kudriavzevii. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:11127-11136. [PMID: 25794581 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Metal contamination of the environment is frequently associated to the presence of two or more metals. This work aimed to study the impact of a mixture of metals (Cd, Pb and Zn) on the physiology of the non-conventional yeast Pichia kudriavzevii. The incubation of yeast cells with 5 mg/l Cd, 10 mg/l Pb and 5 mg/l Zn, for 6 h, induced a loss of metabolic activity (assessed by FUN-1 staining) and proliferation capacity (evaluated by a clonogenic assay), with a small loss of membrane integrity (measured by trypan blue exclusion assay). The staining of yeast cells with calcofluor white revealed that no modification of chitin deposition pattern occurred during the exposure to metal mixture. Extending for 24 h, the exposure of yeast cells to metal mixture provoked a loss of membrane integrity, which was accompanied by the leakage of intracellular components. A marked loss of the metabolic activity and the loss of proliferation capacity were also observed. The analysis of the impact of a single metal has shown that, under the conditions studied, Pb was the metal responsible for the toxic effect observed in the metal mixture. Intracellular accumulation of Pb seems to be correlated with the metals' toxic effects observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Mesquita
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, ISEP-School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
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247
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Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of Rutin-zinc(II) flavonoid -metal complex. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 239:184-91. [PMID: 26091902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of compounds analogous to natural products from secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, is a promising source of novel drugs. Rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) is a natural flavone, which has, in its chemical structure, different sites for coordination with transition metals and the complexation with these metals enhances its biological properties. Rutin-zinc(II), a flavonoid-metal complex, was synthesized and characterized by UV-VIS, FT-IR, elemental analysis and (1)H NMR. The antioxidant and antitumor activities, as well as the cytotoxicity and in vivo toxicity of this complex were evaluated and compared with the free rutin. Rutin-zinc(II) has not shown any cytotoxicity against normal cells (fibroblasts and HUVECs) or toxicity in BALB/c mice, but has shown antioxidant activity in vitro and cytotoxicity against leukemia (KG1, K562 and Jurkat), multiple myeloma (RPMI8226) and melanoma (B16F10 and SK-Mel-28) cell lines in vitro. In Ehrlich ascites carcinoma model, Rutin-zinc(II) modulated the mitochondrial membrane potential and the expression of genes related to cell cycle progression, angiogenesis and apoptosis.
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248
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Woodier J, Rainbow RD, Stewart AJ, Pitt SJ. Intracellular Zinc Modulates Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor-mediated Calcium Release. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17599-610. [PMID: 26041778 PMCID: PMC4498093 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.661280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant Zn2+ homeostasis is a hallmark of certain cardiomyopathies associated with altered contractile force. In this study, we addressed whether Zn2+ modulates cardiac ryanodine receptor gating and Ca2+ dynamics in isolated cardiomyocytes. We reveal that Zn2+ is a high affinity regulator of RyR2 displaying three modes of operation. Picomolar free Zn2+ concentrations potentiate RyR2 responses, but channel activation is still dependent on the presence of cytosolic Ca2+. At concentrations of free Zn2+ >1 nm, Zn2+ is the main activating ligand, and the dependence on Ca2+ is removed. Zn2+ is therefore a higher affinity activator of RyR2 than Ca2+. Millimolar levels of free Zn2+ were found to inhibit channel openings. In cardiomyocytes, consistent with our single channel results, we show that Zn2+ modulates both the frequency and amplitude of Ca2+ waves in a concentration-dependent manner and that physiological levels of Zn2+ elicit Ca2+ release in the absence of activating levels of cytosolic Ca2+. This highlights a new role for intracellular Zn2+ in shaping Ca2+ dynamics in cardiomyocytes through modulation of RyR2 gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Woodier
- From the School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9TF, United Kingdom and
| | - Richard D Rainbow
- the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J Stewart
- From the School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9TF, United Kingdom and
| | - Samantha J Pitt
- From the School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9TF, United Kingdom and
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249
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Examining a new role for zinc in regulating calcium release in cardiac muscle. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 43:359-63. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20140285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that mammalian cells contain a small but measurable pool of free or labile zinc in the cytosol that is buffered in the high picomolar range. Recent attention has focused on the fact that this pool of free zinc has signalling effects that can be evoked through extracellular stimuli posing the question as to whether zinc should be regarded as a second messenger. Our knowledge of the targets, the biological significance and the molecular mechanisms of zinc signalling is limited but recent evidence suggests that zinc homoeostasis may be intimately linked to intracellular calcium signalling. In this review, we discuss the role of zinc as an intracellular signalling molecule with an emphasis on the potential role of zinc in shaping calcium-dynamics in cardiac muscle. We also consider the evidence that the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is a potential zinc signalling target.
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250
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Liu Y, Batchuluun B, Ho L, Zhu D, Prentice KJ, Bhattacharjee A, Zhang M, Pourasgari F, Hardy AB, Taylor KM, Gaisano H, Dai FF, Wheeler MB. Characterization of Zinc Influx Transporters (ZIPs) in Pancreatic β Cells: ROLES IN REGULATING CYTOSOLIC ZINC HOMEOSTASIS AND INSULIN SECRETION. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18757-69. [PMID: 25969539 PMCID: PMC4513131 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.640524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc plays an essential role in the regulation of pancreatic β cell function, affecting important processes including insulin biosynthesis, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and cell viability. Mutations in the zinc efflux transport protein ZnT8 have been linked with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, further supporting an important role for zinc in glucose homeostasis. However, very little is known about how cytosolic zinc is controlled by zinc influx transporters (ZIPs). In this study, we examined the β cell and islet ZIP transcriptome and show consistent high expression of ZIP6 (Slc39a6) and ZIP7 (Slc39a7) genes across human and mouse islets and MIN6 β cells. Modulation of ZIP6 and ZIP7 expression significantly altered cytosolic zinc influx in pancreatic β cells, indicating an important role for ZIP6 and ZIP7 in regulating cellular zinc homeostasis. Functionally, this dysregulated cytosolic zinc homeostasis led to impaired insulin secretion. In parallel studies, we identified both ZIP6 and ZIP7 as potential interacting proteins with GLP-1R by a membrane yeast two-hybrid assay. Knock-down of ZIP6 but not ZIP7 in MIN6 β cells impaired the protective effects of GLP-1 on fatty acid-induced cell apoptosis, possibly via reduced activation of the p-ERK pathway. Therefore, our data suggest that ZIP6 and ZIP7 function as two important zinc influx transporters to regulate cytosolic zinc concentrations and insulin secretion in β cells. In particular, ZIP6 is also capable of directly interacting with GLP-1R to facilitate the protective effect of GLP-1 on β cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Battsetseg Batchuluun
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Louisa Ho
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Dan Zhu
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Kacey J Prentice
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Alpana Bhattacharjee
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Ming Zhang
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Farzaneh Pourasgari
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Alexandre B Hardy
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Kathryn M Taylor
- the Breast Cancer Molecular Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VIIth Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB United Kingdom
| | - Herbert Gaisano
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Feihan F Dai
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
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