201
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Groitl B, Dahl JU, Schroeder JW, Jakob U. Pseudomonas aeruginosa defense systems against microbicidal oxidants. Mol Microbiol 2017; 106:335-350. [PMID: 28795780 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The most abundant oxidants controlling bacterial colonization on mucosal barrier epithelia are hypochlorous acid (HOCl), hypobromous acid (HOBr) and hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN). All three oxidants are highly antimicrobial but little is known about their relative efficacies, their respective cellular targets, or what specific responses they elicit in bacteria. To address these important questions, we directly tested the individual oxidants on the virulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA14. We discovered that HOCl and HOBr work almost interchangeably, impacting non-growing bacterial cultures more significantly than actively growing bacteria, and eliciting similar stress responses, including the heat shock response. HOSCN treatment is distinctly different, affecting primarily actively growing PA14 and evoking stress responses suggestive of membrane damage. What all three oxidants have in common, however, is their ability to cause substantial protein aggregation. This effect became particularly obvious in strains lacking polyphosphate, a newly recognized chemical chaperone. Treatment of PA14 with the FDA-approved anti-inflammatory drug mesalamine, which has recently been shown to attenuate polyP production in a wide range of bacteria, effectively decreased the resistance of PA14 toward all three oxidants, suggesting that we have discovered a novel, targetable defense system in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Groitl
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jan-Ulrik Dahl
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeremy W Schroeder
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ursula Jakob
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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202
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Dereven’kov IA, Makarov SV, Shpagilev NI, Salnikov DS, Koifman OI. Studies on reaction of glutathionylcobalamin with hypochlorite. Evidence of protective action of glutathionyl-ligand against corrin modification by hypochlorite. Biometals 2017; 30:757-764. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-0044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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203
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Joseph P. Transcriptomics in toxicology. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:650-662. [PMID: 28720289 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Xenobiotics, of which many are toxic, may enter the human body through multiple routes. Excessive human exposure to xenobiotics may exceed the body's capacity to defend against the xenobiotic-induced toxicity and result in potentially fatal adverse health effects. Prevention of the adverse health effects, potentially associated with human exposure to the xenobiotics, may be achieved by detecting the toxic effects at an early, reversible and, therefore, preventable stage. Additionally, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity may be helpful in preventing and/or managing the ensuing adverse health effects. Human exposures to a large number of xenobiotics are associated with hepatotoxicity or pulmonary toxicity. Global gene expression changes taking place in biological systems, in response to exposure to xenobiotics, may represent the early and mechanistically relevant cellular events contributing to the onset and progression of xenobiotic-induced adverse health outcomes. Hepatotoxicity and pulmonary toxicity resulting from exposure to xenobiotics are discussed as specific examples to demonstrate the potential application of transcriptomics or global gene expression analysis in the prevention of adverse health effects associated with exposure to xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pius Joseph
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA.
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204
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Al-Asmari AK, Khan AQ, Al-Asmari SA, Al-Rawi A, Al-Omani S. Alleviation of 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis in rats by vitamin E via targeting oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 13:377-385. [PMID: 27682716 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2016-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundIntestinal mucositis is a major concern related with cancer therapy. It is well established that overproduction of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators plays vital role in the pathogenesis of mucositis. The aim of the study was to investigate the modulatory effect of vitamin E (vit. E) on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced intestinal mucositis by targeting oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in rats. MethodsRats were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each. All four-group animals received normal standard diet and water throughout the experimental period which last up to 10 days. Rats were gavaged with vit. E (300 mg/kg b. wt.) daily for 10 days (day 1-10) and were given intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (150 mg/kg b. wt.) or saline (control) on day 8 to induce mucositis. Results We found that vit. E supplementation ameliorated 5-FU-induced lipid peroxidation, myeloperoxidase activity, activation of nuclear factor κB, expression of cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and mucin depletion. Vit. E administration also attenuated 5-FU-induced histological anomalies such as neutrophil infiltration, loss of cellular integrity, villus and crypt deformities. ConclusionsFindings of the study suggest that vit. E inhibits 5-FU-induced mucositis via modulation of oxidative stress, activation of redox sensitive transcription factor and its downstream targets.
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205
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Cadet J, Davies KJA, Medeiros MH, Di Mascio P, Wagner JR. Formation and repair of oxidatively generated damage in cellular DNA. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:13-34. [PMID: 28057600 PMCID: PMC5457722 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, emphasis is placed on the critical survey of available data concerning modified nucleobase and 2-deoxyribose products that have been identified in cellular DNA following exposure to a wide variety of oxidizing species and agents including, hydroxyl radical, one-electron oxidants, singlet oxygen, hypochlorous acid and ten-eleven translocation enzymes. In addition, information is provided about the generation of secondary oxidation products of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine and nucleobase addition products with reactive aldehydes arising from the decomposition of lipid peroxides. It is worth noting that the different classes of oxidatively generated DNA damage that consist of single lesions, intra- and interstrand cross-links were unambiguously assigned and quantitatively detected on the basis of accurate measurements involving in most cases high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The reported data clearly show that the frequency of DNA lesions generated upon severe oxidizing conditions, including exposure to ionizing radiation is low, at best a few modifications per 106 normal bases. Application of accurate analytical measurement methods has also allowed the determination of repair kinetics of several well-defined lesions in cellular DNA that however concerns so far only a restricted number of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cadet
- Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4.
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, United States; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, United States
| | - Marisa Hg Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508 000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508 000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J Richard Wagner
- Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
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206
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Prescott C, Bottle SE. Biological Relevance of Free Radicals and Nitroxides. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 75:227-240. [PMID: 27709467 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nitroxides are stable, kinetically-persistent free radicals which have been successfully used in the study and intervention of oxidative stress, a critical issue pertaining to cellular health which results from an imbalance in the levels of damaging free radicals and redox-active species in the cellular environment. This review gives an overview of some of the biological processes that produce radicals and other reactive oxygen species with relevance to oxidative stress, and then discusses interactions of nitroxides with these species in terms of the use of nitroxides as redox-sensitive probes and redox-active therapeutic agents.
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207
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Tonoyan L, Fleming GTA, Mc Cay PH, Friel R, O'Flaherty V. Antibacterial Potential of an Antimicrobial Agent Inspired by Peroxidase-Catalyzed Systems. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:680. [PMID: 28512449 PMCID: PMC5412088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an increasingly serious threat to global health. Consequently, the development of non-antibiotic based therapies and disinfectants, which avoid induction of resistance, or cross-resistance, is of high priority. We report the synthesis of a biocidal complex, which is produced by the reaction between ionic oxidizable salts-iodide and thiocyanate-in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidation source. The reaction generates bactericidal reactive oxygen and iodine species. In this study, we report that the iodo-thiocyanate complex (ITC) is an effective bactericidal agent with activity against planktonic and biofilm cells of Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus) bacteria. The minimum bactericidal concentrations and the minimum biofilm eradication concentrations of the biocidal composite were in the range of 7.8-31.3 and 31.3-250 μg ml-1, respectively. As a result, the complex was capable to cause a rapid cell death of planktonic test cultures at between 0.5 and 2 h, and complete eradication of dual and mono-species biofilms between 30 s and 10 min. Furthermore, the test bacteria, including a MRSA strain, exposed to the cocktail failed to develop resistance after serial passages. The antimicrobial activity of the ITC appears to derive from the combinational effect of the powerful species capable of oxidizing the essential biomolecules of bacteria. The use of this composition may provide an effective and efficient method for killing potential pathogens, as well as for disinfecting and removing biofilm contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Tonoyan
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland GalwayGalway, Ireland
| | - Gerard T. A. Fleming
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland GalwayGalway, Ireland
| | - Paul H. Mc Cay
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland GalwayGalway, Ireland
| | - Ruairi Friel
- Westway Health Ltd., Business Innovation Centre, National University of Ireland GalwayGalway, Ireland
| | - Vincent O'Flaherty
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland GalwayGalway, Ireland
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208
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Carroll L, Pattison DI, Fu S, Schiesser CH, Davies MJ, Hawkins CL. Catalytic oxidant scavenging by selenium-containing compounds: Reduction of selenoxides and N-chloramines by thiols and redox enzymes. Redox Biol 2017; 12:872-882. [PMID: 28458184 PMCID: PMC5408155 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase produces strong oxidants during the immune response to destroy invading pathogens. However, these oxidants can also cause tissue damage, which contributes to the development of numerous inflammatory diseases. Selenium containing compounds, including selenomethionine (SeMet) and 1,4-anhydro-5-seleno-D-talitol (SeTal), react rapidly with different MPO-derived oxidants to form the respective selenoxides (SeMetO and SeTalO). This study investigates the susceptibility of these selenoxides to undergo reduction back to the parent compounds by intracellular reducing systems, including glutathione (GSH) and the glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase systems. GSH is shown to reduce SeMetO and SeTalO, with consequent formation of GSSG with apparent second order rate constants, k2, in the range 103–104 M−1 s−1. Glutathione reductase reduces both SeMetO and SeTalO at the expense of NADPH via formation of GSSG, whereas thioredoxin reductase acts only on SeMetO. The presence of SeMet and SeTal also increased the rate at which NADPH was consumed by the glutathione reductase system in the presence of N-chloramines. In contrast, the presence of SeMet and SeTal reduced the rate of NADPH consumption by the thioredoxin reductase system after addition of N-chloramines, consistent with the rapid formation of selenoxides, but only slow reduction by thioredoxin reductase. These results support a potential role of seleno compounds to act as catalytic scavengers of MPO-derived oxidants, particularly in the presence of glutathione reductase and NADPH, assuming that sufficient plasma levels of the parent selenoether can be achieved in vivo following supplementation. Selenoxides react with thiols including GSH by a two-step mechanism. The reaction is proposed to occur via a selenosulfide intermediate. The thioredoxin reductase system recycles selenomethionine selenoxide. The glutathione reductase system reduces both N-chloramines and selenoxides. Selenoxides can increase the reduction of N-chloramines by antioxidant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Carroll
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - David I Pattison
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Shanlin Fu
- University of Technology Sydney, Centre for Forensic Science, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Carl H Schiesser
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Michael J Davies
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Clare L Hawkins
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark.
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209
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Badr G, Ramadan NK, Sayed LH, Badr BM, Omar HM, Selamoglu Z. Why whey? Camel whey protein as a new dietary approach to the management of free radicals and for the treatment of different health disorders. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 20:338-349. [PMID: 28804604 PMCID: PMC5425915 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.8573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The balance between free radicals and antioxidants is an important factor for maintaining health and slowing disease progression. The use of antioxidants, particularly natural antioxidants, has become an important strategy for dealing with this cause of widespread diseases. Natural antioxidants have been used as therapeutic tools against many diseases because they are safe, effective, and inexpensive and are among the most commonly used adjuvants in the treatment of several diseases. Camel whey protein (CWP) is considered a strong natural antioxidant because it decreases oxidative stress, enhances immune system function, and increases glutathione levels. The structure of CWP is very similar to that of other types of whey protein from different types of milk. CWP contains many components, such as lactoferrin (LF), lactalbumin, lactoglobulins, lactoperoxidase, and lysozyme, and is rich in immunoglobulins. However, in contrast to other WPs, CWP lacks β-lactoglobulin, the main cause of milk allergies in children. The components of CWP have many beneficial effects, including stimulation of both innate and adaptive immunity and anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. Recently, it has been shown that CWP and its unique components can facilitate the treatment of impaired diabetic wound healing. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of CWP in human and other animal disorders are not fully understood. Therefore, the current review presents a concise summary of the scientific evidence of the beneficial effects of CWP to support its therapeutic use in disease treatment and nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Badr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
- Laboratory of Immunology & Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nancy K Ramadan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
- Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut Branch. Assiut, Egypt
| | - Leila H Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
- Laboratory of Immunology & Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Badr M Badr
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt
| | - Hossam M Omar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Nigde University, Nigde, Turkey
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210
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Pullar JM, Carr AC, Bozonet SM, Rosengrave P, Kettle AJ, Vissers MCM. Elevated seminal plasma myeloperoxidase is associated with a decreased sperm concentration in young men. Andrology 2017; 5:431-438. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Pullar
- Centre for Free Radical Research; Department of Pathology; University of Otago, Christchurch; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - A. C. Carr
- Centre for Free Radical Research; Department of Pathology; University of Otago, Christchurch; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - S. M. Bozonet
- Centre for Free Radical Research; Department of Pathology; University of Otago, Christchurch; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - P. Rosengrave
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution; Department of Anatomy; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - A. J. Kettle
- Centre for Free Radical Research; Department of Pathology; University of Otago, Christchurch; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - M. C. M. Vissers
- Centre for Free Radical Research; Department of Pathology; University of Otago, Christchurch; Christchurch New Zealand
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211
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Luis PB, Gordon ON, Nakashima F, Joseph AI, Shibata T, Uchida K, Schneider C. Oxidative metabolism of curcumin-glucuronide by peroxidases and isolated human leukocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 132:143-149. [PMID: 28274615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation with glucuronic acid is a prevalent metabolic pathway of orally administrated curcumin, the bioactive diphenol of the spice turmeric. The major in vitro degradation reaction of curcumin is autoxidative transformation resulting in oxygenation and cyclization of the heptadienedione chain to form cyclopentadione derivatives. Here we show that curcumin-glucuronide is much more stable than curcumin, degrading about two orders of magnitude slower. Horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of curcumin-glucuronide occurred at about 80% of the rate with curcumin, achieving efficient transformation. Using LC-MS and NMR analyses the major products of oxidative transformation were identified as glucuronidated bicyclopentadione diastereomers. Cleavage into vanillin-glucuronide accounted for about 10% of the products. Myeloperoxidase and lactoperoxidase oxidized curcumin-glucuronide whereas tyrosinase and xanthine oxidase were not active. Phorbol ester-activated primary human leukocytes showed increased oxidative transformation of curcumin-glucuronide which was inhibited by the peroxidase inhibitor sodium azide. These studies provide evidence that the glucuronide of curcumin is not an inert product and may undergo further enzymatic and non-enzymatic metabolism. Oxidative transformation by leukocyte myeloperoxidase may represent a novel metabolic pathway of curcumin and its glucuronide conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula B Luis
- Department of Pharmacology (Clinical Pharmacology) and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Odaine N Gordon
- Department of Pharmacology (Clinical Pharmacology) and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Fumie Nakashima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Division of Biofunctional Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Akil I Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology (Clinical Pharmacology) and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Division of Biofunctional Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Division of Biofunctional Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Claus Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology (Clinical Pharmacology) and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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212
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Myeloperoxidase targets oxidative host attacks to Salmonella and prevents collateral tissue damage. Nat Microbiol 2017; 2:16268. [PMID: 28112722 DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Host control of infections crucially depends on the capability to kill pathogens with reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, these toxic molecules can also readily damage host components and cause severe immunopathology. Here, we show that neutrophils use their most abundant granule protein, myeloperoxidase, to target ROS specifically to pathogens while minimizing collateral tissue damage. A computational model predicted that myeloperoxidase efficiently scavenges diffusible H2O2 at the surface of phagosomal Salmonella and converts it into highly reactive HOCl (bleach), which rapidly damages biomolecules within a radius of less than 0.1 μm. Myeloperoxidase-deficient neutrophils were predicted to accumulate large quantities of H2O2 that still effectively kill Salmonella, but most H2O2 would leak from the phagosome. Salmonella stimulation of neutrophils from normal and myeloperoxidase-deficient human donors experimentally confirmed an inverse relationship between myeloperoxidase activity and extracellular H2O2 release. Myeloperoxidase-deficient mice infected with Salmonella had elevated hydrogen peroxide tissue levels and exacerbated oxidative damage of host lipids and DNA, despite almost normal Salmonella control. These data show that myeloperoxidase has a major function in mitigating collateral tissue damage during antimicrobial oxidative bursts, by converting diffusible long-lived H2O2 into highly reactive, microbicidal and locally confined HOCl at pathogen surfaces.
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213
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Liu X, Yuan Z, Wang J, Cui Y, Liu S, Ma Y, Gu L, Xu S. Crystal structure and biochemical features of dye-decolorizing peroxidase YfeX from Escherichia coli O157 Asp 143 and Arg 232 play divergent roles toward different substrates. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:40-44. [PMID: 28109884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
YfeX from Escherichia coli O157 is a bacterial dye-decolorizing peroxidase that represents both dye-decoloring activity and typical peroxidase activity. We reported the crystal structure of YfeX bound to heme at 2.09 Å resolution. The YfeX monomer resembles a ferredoxin-like fold and contains two domains. The three conserved residues surrounding the heme group are His215, Asp143 and Arg232. His215 functions as the proximal axial ligand of the heme iron atom. Biochemical data show that the catalytic significance of the conserved Asp143 and Arg232 depends on the substrate types and that YfeX may adopt various catalytic mechanisms toward divergent substrates. In addition, it is observed that an access tunnel spans from the protein molecular surface to the heme distal region, it serves as the passageway for the entrance and binding of the H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Zenglin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jiaxu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yaqi Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yinliang Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Lichuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Sujuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
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Abstract
Although substantial improvements have been made in majority of cardiac disorders, heart failure (HF) remains a major health problem, with both increasing incidence and prevalence over the past decades. For that reason, the number of potential biomarkers that could contribute to diagnosis and treatment of HF patients is, almost exponentially, increasing over the recent years. The biomarkers that are, at the moment, more or less ready for use in everyday clinical practice, reflect different pathophysiological processes present in HF. In this review, seven groups of biomarkers associated to myocardial stretch (mid-regional proatrial natriuretic peptide, MR-proANP), myocyte injury (high-sensitive troponins, hs-cTn; heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, H-FABP; glutathione transferase P1, GSTP1), matrix remodeling (galectin-3; soluble isoform of suppression of tumorigenicity 2, sST2), inflammation (growth differentiation factor-15, GDF-15), renal dysfunction (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, NGAL; kidney injury molecule-1, KIM-1), neurohumoral activation (adrenomedullin, MR-proADM; copeptin), and oxidative stress (ceruloplasmin; myeloperoxidase, MPO; 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG; thioredoxin 1, Trx1) in HF will be overviewed. It is important to note that clinical value of individual biomarkers within the single time points in both diagnosis and outcome prediction in HF is limited. Hence, the future of biomarker application in HF lies in the multimarker panel strategy, which would include specific combination of biomarkers that reflect different pathophysiological processes underlying HF.
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215
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Ismael FO, Barrett TJ, Sheipouri D, Brown BE, Davies MJ, Hawkins CL. Role of Myeloperoxidase Oxidants in the Modulation of Cellular Lysosomal Enzyme Function: A Contributing Factor to Macrophage Dysfunction in Atherosclerosis? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168844. [PMID: 27997605 PMCID: PMC5173366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the major source of lipid within atherosclerotic lesions. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is present in lesions and forms the reactive oxidants hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN). These oxidants modify LDL and have been strongly linked with the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined the effect of HOCl, HOSCN and LDL pre-treated with these oxidants on the function of lysosomal enzymes responsible for protein catabolism and lipid hydrolysis in murine macrophage-like J774A.1 cells. In each case, the cells were exposed to HOCl or HOSCN or LDL pre-treated with these oxidants. Lysosomal cathepsin (B, L and D) and acid lipase activities were quantified, with cathepsin and LAMP-1 protein levels determined by Western blotting. Exposure of J774A.1 cells to HOCl or HOSCN resulted in a significant decrease in the activity of the Cys-dependent cathepsins B and L, but not the Asp-dependent cathepsin D. Cathepsins B and L were also inhibited in macrophages exposed to HOSCN-modified, and to a lesser extent, HOCl-modified LDL. No change was seen in cathepsin D activity or the expression of the cathepsin proteins or lysosomal marker protein LAMP-1. The activity of lysosomal acid lipase was also decreased on treatment of macrophages with each modified LDL. Taken together, these results suggest that HOCl, HOSCN and LDL modified by these oxidants could contribute to lysosomal dysfunction and thus perturb the cellular processing of LDL, which could be important during the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahd O. Ismael
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tessa J. Barrett
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diba Sheipouri
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bronwyn E. Brown
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael J. Davies
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clare L. Hawkins
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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216
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Zhang XY, Elfarra AA. Potential roles of myeloperoxidase and hypochlorous acid in metabolism and toxicity of alkene hydrocarbons and drug molecules containing olefinic moieties. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 13:513-524. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1271413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Adnan A. Elfarra
- Department of Comparative Biosciences and the Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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217
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Karimi M, Ignasiak MT, Chan B, Croft AK, Radom L, Schiesser CH, Pattison DI, Davies MJ. Reactivity of disulfide bonds is markedly affected by structure and environment: implications for protein modification and stability. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38572. [PMID: 27941824 PMCID: PMC5150571 DOI: 10.1038/srep38572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfide bonds play a key role in stabilizing protein structures, with disruption strongly associated with loss of protein function and activity. Previous data have suggested that disulfides show only modest reactivity with oxidants. In the current study, we report kinetic data indicating that selected disulfides react extremely rapidly, with a variation of 104 in rate constants. Five-membered ring disulfides are particularly reactive compared with acyclic (linear) disulfides or six-membered rings. Particular disulfides in proteins also show enhanced reactivity. This variation occurs with multiple oxidants and is shown to arise from favorable electrostatic stabilization of the incipient positive charge on the sulfur reaction center by remote groups, or by the neighboring sulfur for conformations in which the orbitals are suitably aligned. Controlling these factors should allow the design of efficient scavengers and high-stability proteins. These data are consistent with selective oxidative damage to particular disulfides, including those in some proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Karimi
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Marta T Ignasiak
- Department of Biomedical Science, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Bun Chan
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Anna K Croft
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Great Britain
| | - Leo Radom
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Carl H Schiesser
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David I Pattison
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Michael J Davies
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Science, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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218
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Borzouee F, Mofid MR, Varshosaz J, Samsam Shariat SZA. Purification of lactoperoxidase from bovine whey and investigation of kinetic parameters. Adv Biomed Res 2016; 5:189. [PMID: 28028529 PMCID: PMC5156962 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.192738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactoperoxidase (LPO) is related to mammalian peroxidase family which contains a wide spectrum of biological activities. Despite the wide studies on the LPO, there is little study has been performed to simplify and shorten the procedure of enzyme purification. The aim of this project was to purify the enzyme through a simple method, and investigating enzyme kinetic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS LPO was purified from bovine whey through modified method of Yoshida (1990) using two steps of ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography. The purity of isolated enzyme was monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). RESULTS The enzyme was purified 59.13-fold with a recovery of 10.26 having a specific activity of 5.78 U/mg protein and an Rz value of 0.8. The enzyme activity was measured using guaiacol as a chromogenic substrate in phosphate buffer pH 6. SDS-PAGE showed a single bond with molecular weight of 78 kDa. The purified enzyme displayed optimum activity at pH 6 in 30 mM phosphate buffer and at a temperature of 50°C, with a Km value of 178 mM and Vmax 0.63 U/ml.min for guaiacol. CONCLUSION Using only one step ion-exchange chromatography, LPO was isolated from bovine whey in high purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Borzouee
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mofid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ziyae Aldin Samsam Shariat
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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219
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Teng N, Maghzal GJ, Talib J, Rashid I, Lau AK, Stocker R. The roles of myeloperoxidase in coronary artery disease and its potential implication in plaque rupture. Redox Rep 2016; 22:51-73. [PMID: 27884085 PMCID: PMC6837458 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1256119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main pathophysiological process underlying coronary artery disease (CAD). Acute complications of atherosclerosis, such as myocardial infarction, are caused by the rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, which are characterized by thin, highly inflamed, and collagen-poor fibrous caps. Several lines of evidence mechanistically link the heme peroxidase myeloperoxidase (MPO), inflammation as well as acute and chronic manifestations of atherosclerosis. MPO and MPO-derived oxidants have been shown to contribute to the formation of foam cells, endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis, the activation of latent matrix metalloproteinases, and the expression of tissue factor that can promote the development of vulnerable plaque. As such, detection, quantification and imaging of MPO mass and activity have become useful in cardiac risk stratification, both for disease assessment and in the identification of patients at risk of plaque rupture. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the role of MPO in CAD with a focus on its possible roles in plaque rupture and recent advances to quantify and image MPO in plasma and atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Teng
- a Vascular Biology Division , Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst , New South Wales , Australia.,b Department of Cardiology , Prince of Wales Hospital , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Ghassan J Maghzal
- a Vascular Biology Division , Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Jihan Talib
- a Vascular Biology Division , Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Imran Rashid
- a Vascular Biology Division , Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Antony K Lau
- b Department of Cardiology , Prince of Wales Hospital , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia.,c Faculty of Medicine , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- a Vascular Biology Division , Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst , New South Wales , Australia.,d School of Medical Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
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220
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Papuc C, Goran GV, Predescu CN, Nicorescu V. Mechanisms of Oxidative Processes in Meat and Toxicity Induced by Postprandial Degradation Products: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2016; 16:96-123. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Papuc
- UASVM of Bucharest; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; 105 Splaiul Independentei, 5th district 050097 Bucharest Romania
| | - Gheorghe V. Goran
- UASVM of Bucharest; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; 105 Splaiul Independentei, 5th district 050097 Bucharest Romania
| | - Corina N. Predescu
- UASVM of Bucharest; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; 105 Splaiul Independentei, 5th district 050097 Bucharest Romania
| | - Valentin Nicorescu
- UASVM of Bucharest; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; 105 Splaiul Independentei, 5th district 050097 Bucharest Romania
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221
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Reactions of aquacobalamin and cob(II)alamin with chlorite and chlorine dioxide. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 22:453-459. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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222
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Nauseef WM, Kubes P. Pondering neutrophil extracellular traps with healthy skepticism. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:1349-57. [PMID: 27470975 PMCID: PMC5025378 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The authors engage in a dialogue that evaluates critically the state of the study of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a phenomenon currently the object of considerable interest, with the goal of identifying those aspects that merit clarification in order to assign the process its proper place in our current understanding of cell biology. Since the seminal observations in the Zychlinsky laboratory that described the extrusion of filaments of nuclear DNA associated with histones and granule proteins from neutrophils stimulated in vitro, many investigators have examined the phenomenon of NET formation in numerous and diverse settings. However, an overview of work in this rapidly growing field prompts several fundamental questions about NETs, including their precise composition, the mechanisms by which they arise, their clinical relevance, and the interrelationship of those observed in vitro and in vivo. In this discussion, the authors challenge interpretation of data from some experimental settings and provide recommendations for specific studies that would address the concerns raised, improve understanding of the biological relevance of NETs, and strengthen the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Nauseef
- Inflammation Program and Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, 52240, USA.
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Immunology Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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223
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Grigorieva DV, Gorudko IV, Sokolov AV, Kostevich VA, Vasilyev VB, Cherenkevich SN, Panasenko OM. Myeloperoxidase Stimulates Neutrophil Degranulation. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 161:495-500. [PMID: 27597056 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase, heme enzyme of azurophilic granules in neutrophils, is released into the extracellular space in the inflammation foci. In neutrophils, it stimulates a dose-dependent release of lactoferrin (a protein of specific granules), lysozyme (a protein of specific and azurophilic granules), and elastase (a protein of azurophilic granules). 4-Aminobenzoic acid hydrazide, a potent inhibitor of peroxidase activity of myeloperoxidase, produced no effect on neutrophil degranulation. Using signal transduction inhibitors (genistein, methoxyverapamil, wortmannin, and NiCl2), we demonstrated that myeloperoxidase-induced degranulation of neutrophils resulted from enzyme interaction with the plasma membrane and depends on activation of tyrosine kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K), and calcium signaling. Myeloperoxidase modified by oxidative/halogenation stress (chlorinated and monomeric forms of the enzyme) lost the potency to activate neutrophil degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Grigorieva
- Physics Faculty, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - I V Gorudko
- Physics Faculty, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - A V Sokolov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Russian Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Kostevich
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Russian Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - V B Vasilyev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - O M Panasenko
- Scientific Research Institute of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Russian Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.
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224
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Panasenko OM, Mikhalchik EV, Gorudko IV, Grigorieva DV, Sokolov AV, Kostevich VA, Vasilyev VB, Cherenkevich SN. The effects of antioxidants and hypohalous acid scavengers on neutrophil activation by hypochlorous acid-modified low-density lipoproteins. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350916030131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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225
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Reactive oxygen species in organ-specific autoimmunity. AUTOIMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2016; 7:11. [PMID: 27491295 PMCID: PMC4974204 DOI: 10.1007/s13317-016-0083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been extensively studied in the induction of inflammation and tissue damage, especially as it relates to aging. In more recent years, ROS have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Here, ROS accumulation leads to apoptosis and autoantigen structural changes that result in novel specificities. ROS have been implicated not only in the initiation of the autoimmune response but also in its amplification and spreading to novel epitopes, through the unmasking of cryptic determinants. This review will examine the contribution of ROS to the pathogenesis of four organ specific autoimmune diseases (Hashimoto thyroiditis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and vitiligo), and compare it to that of a better characterized systemic autoimmune disease (rheumatoid arthritis). It will also discuss tobacco smoking as an environmental factor endowed with both pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant properties, thus capable of differentially modulating the autoimmune response.
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226
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Talib J, Maghzal GJ, Cheng D, Stocker R. Detailed protocol to assess in vivo and ex vivo myeloperoxidase activity in mouse models of vascular inflammation and disease using hydroethidine. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:124-135. [PMID: 27184954 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity contributes to arterial inflammation, vascular dysfunction and disease, including atherosclerosis. Current assessment of MPO activity in biological systems in vivo utilizes 3-chlorotyrosine (3-Cl-Tyr) as a biomarker of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and other chlorinating species. However, 3-Cl-Tyr is formed in low yield and is subject to further metabolism. Recently, we reported a method to selectively assess MPO-activity in vivo by measuring the conversion of hydroethidine to 2-chloroethidium (2-Cl-E(+)) by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (J. Biol. Chem., 289, 2014, pp. 5580-5595). The hydroethidine-based method has greater sensitivity for MPO activity than measurement of 3-Cl-Tyr. The current methods paper provides a detailed protocol to determine in vivo and ex vivo MPO activity in arteries from mouse models of vascular inflammation and disease by utilizing the conversion of hydroethidine to 2-Cl-E(+). Procedures for the synthesis of standards, preparation of tissue homogenates and the generation of 2-Cl-E(+) are also provided in detail, as are the conditions for LC-MS/MS detection of 2-Cl-E(+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihan Talib
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Ghassan J Maghzal
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - David Cheng
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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227
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Caruso CS, Biazin E, Carvalho FA, Tabak M, Bachega JF. Metals content of Glossoscolex paulistus extracellular hemoglobin: Its peroxidase activity and the importance of these ions in the protein stability. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 161:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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228
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Ray RS, Katyal A. Myeloperoxidase: Bridging the gap in neurodegeneration. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:611-620. [PMID: 27343997 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative conditions present a group of complex disease pathologies mostly due to unknown aetiology resulting in neuronal death and permanent neurological disability. Any undesirable stress to the brain, disrupts homeostatic balance, through a remarkable convergence of pathophysiological changes and immune dysregulation. The crosstalk between inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms results in the release of neurotoxic mediators apparently spearheaded by myeloperoxidase derived from activated microglia, astrocytes, neurons as well as peripheral inflammatory cells. These isolated entities combinedly have the potential to flare up and contribute significantly to neuropathology and disease progression. Recent, clinicopathological evidence support the association of myeloperoxidase and its cytotoxic product, hypochlorous acid in a plethora of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Multiple sclerosis, Stroke, Epilepsy etc. But the biochemical and mechanistic insights into myeloperoxidase mediated neuroinflammation and neuronal death is still an uncharted territory. The current review outlines the emerging recognition of myeloperoxidase in neurodegeneration, which may offer novel therapeutic and diagnostic targets for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Ray
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi 110 007, India.
| | - Anju Katyal
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi 110 007, India.
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229
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Saha P, Yeoh BS, Singh R, Chandrasekar B, Vemula PK, Haribabu B, Vijay-Kumar M, Jala VR. Gut Microbiota Conversion of Dietary Ellagic Acid into Bioactive Phytoceutical Urolithin A Inhibits Heme Peroxidases. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156811. [PMID: 27254317 PMCID: PMC4890745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies signify that diets rich in phytochemicals offer many beneficial functions specifically during pathologic conditions, yet their effects are often not uniform due to inter-individual variation. The host indigenous gut microbiota and their modifications of dietary phytochemicals have emerged as factors that greatly influence the efficacy of phytoceutical-based intervention. Here, we investigated the biological activities of one such active microbial metabolite, Urolithin A (UA or 3,8-dihydroxybenzo[c]chromen-6-one), which is derived from the ellagic acid (EA). Our study demonstrates that UA potently inhibits heme peroxidases i.e. myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lactoperoxidase (LPO) when compared to the parent compound EA. In addition, chrome azurol S (CAS) assay suggests that EA, but not UA, is capable of binding to Fe3+, due to its catechol-like structure, although its modest heme peroxidase inhibitory activity is abrogated upon Fe3+-binding. Interestingly, UA-mediated MPO and LPO inhibition can be prevented by innate immune protein human NGAL or its murine ortholog lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), implying the complex nature of host innate immunity-microbiota interactions. Spectral analysis indicates that UA inhibits heme peroxidase-catalyzed reaction by reverting the peroxidase back to its inactive native state. In support of these in vitro results, UA significantly reduced phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced superoxide generation in neutrophils, however, EA failed to block the superoxide generation. Treatment with UA significantly reduced PMA-induced mouse ear edema and MPO activity compared to EA treated mice. Collectively, our results demonstrate that microbiota-mediated conversion of EA to UA is advantageous to both host and microbiota i.e. UA-mediated inhibition of pro-oxidant enzymes reduce tissue inflammation, mitigate non-specific killing of gut bacteria, and abrogate iron-binding property of EA, thus providing a competitive edge to the microbiota in acquiring limiting nutrient iron and thrive in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piu Saha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rajbir Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Bhargavi Chandrasekar
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), UAS-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Vemula
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), UAS-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Ramalingaswami ReEntry Fellow, Dept. of Biotechnology, Govt. of India
| | - Bodduluri Haribabu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MVK); (VRJ)
| | - Venkatakrishna R. Jala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MVK); (VRJ)
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230
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Yu G, Liang Y, Huang Z, Jones DW, Pritchard KA, Zhang H. Inhibition of myeloperoxidase oxidant production by N-acetyl lysyltyrosylcysteine amide reduces brain damage in a murine model of stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:119. [PMID: 27220420 PMCID: PMC4879722 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays an important and causal role in the mechanisms by which ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury increases brain damage after stroke. Accordingly, reducing oxidative stress has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for limiting damage in the brain after stroke. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a highly potent oxidative enzyme that is capable of inducing both oxidative and nitrosative stress in vivo. METHODS To determine if and the extent to which MPO-generated oxidants contribute to brain I/R injury, we treated mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with N-acetyl lysyltyrosylcysteine amide (KYC), a novel, specific and non-toxic inhibitor of MPO. Behavioral testing, ischemic damage, blood-brain-barrier disruption, apoptosis, neutrophils infiltration, microglia/macrophage activation, and MPO oxidation were analyzed within a 7-day period after MCAO. RESULTS Our studies show that KYC treatment significantly reduces neurological severity scores, infarct size, IgG extravasation, neutrophil infiltration, loss of neurons, apoptosis, and microglia/macrophage activation in the brains of MCAO mice. Immunofluorescence studies show that KYC treatment reduces the formation of chlorotyrosine (ClTyr), a fingerprint biomarker of MPO oxidation, nitrotyrosine (NO2Tyr), and 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) in MCAO mice. All oxidative products colocalized with MPO in the infarcted brains, suggesting that MPO-generated oxidants are involved in forming the oxidative products. CONCLUSIONS MPO-generated oxidants play detrimental roles in causing brain damage after stroke which is effectively reduced by KYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Yu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Ye Liang
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Ziming Huang
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Department of Breast Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, 745 WuLuo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - Deron W Jones
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Kirkwood A Pritchard
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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231
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Vlasova II, Kapralov AA, Michael ZP, Burkert SC, Shurin MR, Star A, Shvedova AA, Kagan VE. Enzymatic oxidative biodegradation of nanoparticles: Mechanisms, significance and applications. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 299:58-69. [PMID: 26768553 PMCID: PMC4811710 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biopersistence of carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide (GO) and several other types of carbonaceous nanomaterials is an essential determinant of their health effects. Successful biodegradation is one of the major factors defining the life span and biological responses to nanoparticles. Here, we review the role and contribution of different oxidative enzymes of inflammatory cells - myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase, lactoperoxidase, hemoglobin, and xanthine oxidase - to the reactions of nanoparticle biodegradation. We further focus on interactions of nanomaterials with hemoproteins dependent on the specific features of their physico-chemical and structural characteristics. Mechanistically, we highlight the significance of immobilized peroxidase reactive intermediates vs diffusible small molecule oxidants (hypochlorous and hypobromous acids) for the overall oxidative biodegradation process in neutrophils and eosinophils. We also accentuate the importance of peroxynitrite-driven pathways realized in macrophages via the engagement of NADPH oxidase- and NO synthase-triggered oxidative mechanisms. We consider possible involvement of oxidative machinery of other professional phagocytes such as microglial cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, in the context of biodegradation relevant to targeted drug delivery. We evaluate the importance of genetic factors and their manipulations for the enzymatic biodegradation in vivo. Finally, we emphasize a novel type of biodegradation realized via the activation of the "dormant" peroxidase activity of hemoproteins by the nano-surface. This is exemplified by the binding of GO to cyt c causing the unfolding and 'unmasking' of the peroxidase activity of the latter. We conclude with the strategies leading to safe by design carbonaceous nanoparticles with optimized characteristics for mechanism-based targeted delivery and regulatable life-span of drugs in circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I Vlasova
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, Moscow 119453, Russia
| | - Alexandr A Kapralov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - Zachary P Michael
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Seth C Burkert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Michael R Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Alexander Star
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Anna A Shvedova
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division (HELD), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States.
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Departments of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States.
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Gong Y, Yu B, Yang W, Zhang X. Phosphorus, and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots as a fluorescent probe for real-time measurement of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species inside macrophages. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 79:822-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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233
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Love DT, Barrett TJ, White MY, Cordwell SJ, Davies MJ, Hawkins CL. Cellular targets of the myeloperoxidase-derived oxidant hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN) and its role in the inhibition of glycolysis in macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 94:88-98. [PMID: 26898502 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) released at sites of inflammation catalyzes the formation of the oxidants hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN) from H2O2 and halide and pseudo-halide ions. HOCl, a major oxidant produced under physiological conditions reacts rapidly with many biological molecules, and is strongly linked with tissue damage during inflammatory disease. The role of HOSCN in disease is less clear, though it can initiate cellular damage by pathways involving the selective oxidation of thiol-containing proteins. Utilizing a thiol-specific proteomic approach, we explored the cellular targets of HOSCN in macrophages (J774A.1). We report that multiple thiol-containing proteins involved in metabolism and glycolysis; fructose bisphosphate aldolase, triosephosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and creatine kinase, together with a number of chaperone, antioxidant and structural proteins, were modified in a reversible manner in macrophages treated with HOSCN. The modification of the metabolic enzymes was associated with a decrease in basal glycolysis, glycolytic reserve, glycolytic capacity and lactate release, which was only partly reversible on further incubation in the absence of HOSCN. Inhibition of glycolysis preceded cell death and was seen in cells exposed to low concentrations (≤25µM) of HOSCN. The ability of HOSCN to inhibit glycolysis and perturb energy production is likely to contribute to the cell death seen in macrophages on further incubation after the initial treatment period, which may be relevant for the propagation of inflammatory disease in smokers, who have elevated plasma levels of the HOSCN precursor, thiocyanate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic T Love
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza St., Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tessa J Barrett
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza St., Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Melanie Y White
- School of Molecular Bioscience, School of Medical Sciences, and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Stuart J Cordwell
- School of Molecular Bioscience, School of Medical Sciences, and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Michael J Davies
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza St., Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Clare L Hawkins
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza St., Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Abstract
Neutrophils are essential for killing bacteria and other microorganisms, and they also have a significant role in regulating the inflammatory response. Stimulated neutrophils activate their NADPH oxidase (NOX2) to generate large amounts of superoxide, which acts as a precursor of hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species that are generated by their heme enzyme myeloperoxidase. When neutrophils engulf bacteria they enclose them in small vesicles (phagosomes) into which superoxide is released by activated NOX2 on the internalized neutrophil membrane. The superoxide dismutates to hydrogen peroxide, which is used by myeloperoxidase to generate other oxidants, including the highly microbicidal species hypochlorous acid. NOX activation occurs at other sites in the cell, where it is considered to have a regulatory function. Neutrophils also release oxidants, which can modify extracellular targets and affect the function of neighboring cells. We discuss the identity and chemical properties of the specific oxidants produced by neutrophils in different situations, and what is known about oxidative mechanisms of microbial killing, inflammatory tissue damage, and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Winterbourn
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; , ,
| | - Anthony J Kettle
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; , ,
| | - Mark B Hampton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; , ,
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Shaeib F, Khan SN, Thakur M, Kohan-Ghadr HR, Drewlo S, Saed GM, Pennathur S, Abu-Soud HM. The Impact of Myeloperoxidase and Activated Macrophages on Metaphase II Mouse Oocyte Quality. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151160. [PMID: 26982351 PMCID: PMC4794194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an abundant heme-containing enzyme present in neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, is produced in high levels during inflammation, and associated with poor reproductive outcomes. MPO is known to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chloride (Cl-). Here we investigate the effect of activated immune cells and MPO on oocyte quality. Mouse metaphase II oocytes were divided into the following groups: 1) Incubation with a catalytic amount of MPO (40 nM) for different incubation periods in the presence of 100 mM Cl- with and without H2O2 and with and without melatonin (100 μM), at 37°C (n = 648/648 total number of oocytes in each group for oocytes with and without cumulus cells); 2) Co-cultured with activated mouse peritoneal macrophage and neutrophils cells (1.0 x 106 cells/ml) in the absence and presence of melatonin (200 μM), an MPO inhibitor/ROS scavenger, for different incubation periods in HTF media, at 37°C (n = 200/200); 3) Untreated oocytes incubated for 4 hrs as controls (n = 73/64). Oocytes were then fixed, stained and scored based on the microtubule morphology and chromosomal alignment. All treatments were found to negatively affect oocyte quality in a time dependent fashion as compared to controls. In all cases the presence of cumulus cells offered no protection; however significant protection was offered by melatonin. Similar results were obtained with oocytes treated with neutrophils. This work provides a direct link between MPO and decreased oocyte quality. Therefore, strategies to decrease MPO mediated inflammation may influence reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Shaeib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Sana N. Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Mili Thakur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Hamid-Reza Kohan-Ghadr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Sascha Drewlo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Ghassan M. Saed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Husam M. Abu-Soud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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236
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Nati M, Haddad D, Birkenfeld AL, Koch CA, Chavakis T, Chatzigeorgiou A. The role of immune cells in metabolism-related liver inflammation and development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2016; 17:29-39. [PMID: 26847547 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-016-9339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The low grade inflammatory state present in obesity promotes the progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). In Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), augmented hepatic steatosis is accompanied by aberrant intrahepatic inflammation and exacerbated hepatocellular injury. NASH is an important disorder and can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis and even neoplasia. The pathology of NASH involves a complex network of mechanisms, including increased infiltration of different subsets of immune cells, such as monocytes, T-lymphocytes and neutrophils, to the liver, as well as activation and in situ expansion of liver resident cells such as Kupffer cells or stellate cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances regarding understanding the role of the various cells of the innate and adaptive immunity in NASH development and progression, and discuss possible future therapeutic options and tools to interfere with disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nati
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, MTZ, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Haddad
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, MTZ, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Rayne Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christian A Koch
- Division of Endocrinology, Endocrine Tumor Program, Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, MTZ, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, MTZ, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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237
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DeNichilo MO, Shoubridge AJ, Panagopoulos V, Liapis V, Zysk A, Zinonos I, Hay S, Atkins GJ, Findlay DM, Evdokiou A. Peroxidase Enzymes Regulate Collagen Biosynthesis and Matrix Mineralization by Cultured Human Osteoblasts. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 98:294-305. [PMID: 26643175 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-0090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The early recruitment of inflammatory cells to sites of bone fracture and trauma is a critical determinant in successful fracture healing. Released by infiltrating inflammatory cells, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) are heme-containing enzymes, whose functional involvement in bone repair has mainly been studied in the context of providing a mechanism for oxidative defense against invading microorganisms. We report here novel findings that show peroxidase enzymes have the capacity to stimulate osteoblastic cells to secrete collagen I protein and generate a mineralized extracellular matrix in vitro. Mechanistic studies conducted using cultured osteoblasts show that peroxidase enzymes stimulate collagen biosynthesis at a post-translational level in a prolyl hydroxylase-dependent manner, which does not require ascorbic acid. Our studies demonstrate that osteoblasts rapidly bind and internalize both MPO and EPO, and the catalytic activity of these peroxidase enzymes is essential to support collagen I biosynthesis and subsequent release of collagen by osteoblasts. We show that EPO is capable of regulating osteogenic gene expression and matrix mineralization in culture, suggesting that peroxidase enzymes may play an important role not only in normal bone repair, but also in the progression of pathological states where infiltrating inflammatory cells are known to deposit peroxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark O DeNichilo
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
- TQEH, Basil Hetzel Research Institute, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville, SA, 5011, Australia.
| | - Alexandra J Shoubridge
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vasilios Panagopoulos
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vasilios Liapis
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Aneta Zysk
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Irene Zinonos
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shelley Hay
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gerald J Atkins
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David M Findlay
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andreas Evdokiou
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Personalized Cancer Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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238
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Lung extracellular matrix and redox regulation. Redox Biol 2016; 8:305-15. [PMID: 26938939 PMCID: PMC4777985 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis affects millions worldwide and, even though there has been a significant investment in understanding the processes involved in wound healing and maladaptive repair, a complete understanding of the mechanisms responsible for lung fibrogenesis eludes us, and interventions capable of reversing or halting disease progression are not available. Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by the excessive expression and uncontrolled deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins resulting in erosion of the tissue structure. Initially considered an 'end-stage' process elicited after injury, these events are now considered pathogenic and are believed to contribute to the course of the disease. By interacting with integrins capable of signal transduction and by influencing tissue mechanics, ECM proteins modulate processes ranging from cell adhesion and migration to differentiation and growth factor expression. In doing so, ECM proteins help orchestrate complex developmental processes and maintain tissue homeostasis. However, poorly controlled deposition of ECM proteins promotes inflammation, fibroproliferation, and aberrant differentiation of cells, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, atherosclerosis and cancer. Considering their vital functions, ECM proteins are the target of investigation, and oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions have emerged as important regulators of the ECM. Oxidative stress invariably accompanies lung disease and promotes ECM expression directly or through the overproduction of pro-fibrotic growth factors, while affecting integrin binding and activation. In vitro and in vivo investigations point to redox reactions as targets for intervention in pulmonary fibrosis and related disorders, but studies in humans have been disappointing probably due to the narrow impact of the interventions tested, and our poor understanding of the factors that regulate these complex reactions. This review is not meant to provide a comprehensive review of this field, but rather to highlight what has been learned and to raise interest in this area in need of much attention.
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239
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Barupala DP, Dzul SP, Riggs-Gelasco PJ, Stemmler TL. Synthesis, delivery and regulation of eukaryotic heme and Fe-S cluster cofactors. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 592:60-75. [PMID: 26785297 PMCID: PMC4784227 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In humans, the bulk of iron in the body (over 75%) is directed towards heme- or Fe-S cluster cofactor synthesis, and the complex, highly regulated pathways in place to accomplish biosynthesis have evolved to safely assemble and load these cofactors into apoprotein partners. In eukaryotes, heme biosynthesis is both initiated and finalized within the mitochondria, while cellular Fe-S cluster assembly is controlled by correlated pathways both within the mitochondria and within the cytosol. Iron plays a vital role in a wide array of metabolic processes and defects in iron cofactor assembly leads to human diseases. This review describes progress towards our molecular-level understanding of cellular heme and Fe-S cluster biosynthesis, focusing on the regulation and mechanistic details that are essential for understanding human disorders related to the breakdown in these essential pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulmini P Barupala
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Stephen P Dzul
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | - Timothy L Stemmler
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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240
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Talib J, Davies MJ. Exposure of aconitase to smoking-related oxidants results in iron loss and increased iron response protein-1 activity: potential mechanisms for iron accumulation in human arterial cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 21:305-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1340-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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241
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Cook NL, Moeke CH, Fantoni LI, Pattison DI, Davies MJ. The myeloperoxidase-derived oxidant hypothiocyanous acid inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatases via oxidation of key cysteine residues. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 90:195-205. [PMID: 26616646 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues is critical to cellular processes, and is regulated by kinases and phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs contain a redox-sensitive active site Cys residue, which is readily oxidized. Myeloperoxidase, released from activated leukocytes, catalyzes thiocyanate ion (SCN(-)) oxidation by H2O2 to form hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN), an oxidant that targets Cys residues. Dysregulated phosphorylation and elevated MPO levels have been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases where HOSCN can be generated. Previous studies have shown that HOSCN inhibits isolated PTP1B and induces cellular dysfunction in cultured macrophage-like cells. The present study extends this previous work and shows that physiologically-relevant concentrations of HOSCN alter the activity and structure of other members of the wider PTP family (including leukocyte antigen-related PTP, PTP-LAR; T-cell PTP, TC-PTP; CD45 and Src homology phosphatase-1, Shp-1) by targeting Cys residues. Isolated PTP activity, and activity in lysates of human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM) was inhibited by 0-100 µM HOSCN with this being accompanied by reversible oxidation of Cys residues, formation of sulfenic acids or sulfenyl-thiocyanates (detected by Western blotting, and LC-MS as dimedone adducts), and structural changes. LC-MS/MS peptide mass-mapping has provided data on the modified Cys residues in PTP-LAR. This study indicates that inflammation-induced oxidants, and particularly myeloperoxidase-derived species, can modulate the activity of multiple members of the PTP superfamily via oxidation of Cys residues to sulfenic acids. This alteration of the balance of PTP/kinase activity may perturb protein phosphorylation and disrupt cell signaling with subsequent induction of apoptosis at sites of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi L Cook
- The Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Cassidy H Moeke
- The Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Luca I Fantoni
- The Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - David I Pattison
- The Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael J Davies
- The Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Building 4.5, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Nusshold C, Üllen A, Kogelnik N, Bernhart E, Reicher H, Plastira I, Glasnov T, Zangger K, Rechberger G, Kollroser M, Fauler G, Wolinski H, Weksler BB, Romero IA, Kohlwein SD, Couraud PO, Malle E, Sattler W. Assessment of electrophile damage in a human brain endothelial cell line utilizing a clickable alkyne analog of 2-chlorohexadecanal. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 90:59-74. [PMID: 26577177 PMCID: PMC6392177 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral leukocytes aggravate brain damage by releasing cytotoxic mediators that compromise blood-brain barrier function. One of the oxidants released by activated leukocytes is hypochlorous acid (HOCl) that is formed via the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system. The reaction of HOCl with the endogenous plasmalogen pool of brain endothelial cells results in the generation of 2-chlorohexadecanal (2-ClHDA), a toxic, lipid-derived electrophile that induces blood-brain barrier dysfunction in vivo. Here, we synthesized an alkynyl-analog of 2-ClHDA, 2-chlorohexadec-15-yn-1-al (2-ClHDyA) to identify potential protein targets in the human brain endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3. Similar to 2-ClHDA, 2-ClHDyA administration reduced cell viability/metabolic activity, induced processing of pro-caspase-3 and PARP, and led to endothelial barrier dysfunction at low micromolar concentrations. Protein-2-ClHDyA adducts were fluorescently labeled with tetramethylrhodamine azide (N3-TAMRA) by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition in situ, which unveiled a preferential accumulation of 2-ClHDyA adducts in mitochondria, the Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, and endosomes. Thirty-three proteins that are subject to 2-ClHDyA-modification in hCMEC/D3 cells were identified by mass spectrometry. Identified proteins include cytoskeletal components that are central to tight junction patterning, metabolic enzymes, induction of the oxidative stress response, and electrophile damage to the caveolar/endosomal Rab machinery. A subset of the targets was validated by a combination of N3-TAMRA click chemistry and specific antibodies by fluorescence microscopy. This novel alkyne analog is a valuable chemical tool to identify cellular organelles and protein targets of 2-ClHDA-mediated damage in settings where myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants may play a disease-propagating role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Nusshold
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Üllen
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Nora Kogelnik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Bernhart
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Helga Reicher
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Ioanna Plastira
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Toma Glasnov
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Flow Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Gerald Rechberger
- BioTechMed Graz, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI-Graz, University of Graz, Austria; OMICS-Center Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Austria
| | | | - Günter Fauler
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- BioTechMed Graz, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI-Graz, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Babette B Weksler
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ignacio A Romero
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6BJ, UK
| | - Sepp D Kohlwein
- BioTechMed Graz, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI-Graz, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Pierre-Olivier Couraud
- Institut Cochin, Inserm, U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ernst Malle
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Austria.
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243
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Bazaka K, Jacob MV, Ostrikov KK. Sustainable Life Cycles of Natural-Precursor-Derived Nanocarbons. Chem Rev 2015; 116:163-214. [PMID: 26717047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable societal and economic development relies on novel nanotechnologies that offer maximum efficiency at minimal environmental cost. Yet, it is very challenging to apply green chemistry approaches across the entire life cycle of nanotech products, from design and nanomaterial synthesis to utilization and disposal. Recently, novel, efficient methods based on nonequilibrium reactive plasma chemistries that minimize the process steps and dramatically reduce the use of expensive and hazardous reagents have been applied to low-cost natural and waste sources to produce value-added nanomaterials with a wide range of applications. This review discusses the distinctive effects of nonequilibrium reactive chemistries and how these effects can aid and advance the integration of sustainable chemistry into each stage of nanotech product life. Examples of the use of enabling plasma-based technologies in sustainable production and degradation of nanotech products are discussed-from selection of precursors derived from natural resources and their conversion into functional building units, to methods for green synthesis of useful naturally degradable carbon-based nanomaterials, to device operation and eventual disintegration into naturally degradable yet potentially reusable byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Bazaka
- Institute for Future Environments, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Electronics Materials Lab, College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.,CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Materials and Devices Laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization , P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, New South Wales 2070, Australia
| | - Mohan V Jacob
- Electronics Materials Lab, College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- Institute for Future Environments, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Materials and Devices Laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization , P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, New South Wales 2070, Australia.,School of Physics, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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244
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Storkey C, Pattison DI, Ignasiak MT, Schiesser CH, Davies MJ. Kinetics of reaction of peroxynitrite with selenium- and sulfur-containing compounds: Absolute rate constants and assessment of biological significance. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:1049-56. [PMID: 26524402 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.10.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite (the physiological mixture of ONOOH and its anion, ONOO(-)) is a powerful biologically-relevant oxidant capable of oxidizing and damaging a range of important targets including sulfides, thiols, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. Excessive production of peroxynitrite is associated with several human pathologies including cardiovascular disease, ischemic-reperfusion injury, circulatory shock, inflammation and neurodegeneration. This study demonstrates that low-molecular-mass selenols (RSeH), selenides (RSeR') and to a lesser extent diselenides (RSeSeR') react with peroxynitrite with high rate constants. Low molecular mass selenols react particularly rapidly with peroxynitrite, with second order rate constants k2 in the range 5.1 × 10(5)-1.9 × 10(6)M(-1)s(-1), and 250-830 fold faster than the corresponding thiols (RSH) and many other endogenous biological targets. Reactions of peroxynitrite with selenides, including selenosugars are approximately 15-fold faster than their sulfur homologs with k2 approximately 2.5 × 10(3)M(-1)s(-1). The rate constants for diselenides and sulfides were slower with k2 0.72-1.3 × 10(3)M(-1)s(-1) and approximately 2.1 × 10(2)M(-1)s(-1) respectively. These studies demonstrate that both endogenous and exogenous selenium-containing compounds may modulate peroxynitrite-mediated damage at sites of acute and chronic inflammation, with this being of particular relevance at extracellular sites where the thiol pool is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corin Storkey
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David I Pattison
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Marta T Ignasiak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Belgdamsvej 3, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Carl H Schiesser
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Michael J Davies
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Belgdamsvej 3, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
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245
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Dickerhof N, Schindler L, Bernhagen J, Kettle AJ, Hampton MB. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is rendered enzymatically inactive by myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants but retains its immunomodulatory function. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:498-511. [PMID: 26453918 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important player in the regulation of the inflammatory response. Elevated plasma MIF is found in sepsis, arthritis, cystic fibrosis and atherosclerosis. Immunomodulatory activities of MIF include the ability to promote survival and recruitment of inflammatory cells and to amplify pro-inflammatory cytokine production. MIF has an unusual nucleophilic N-terminal proline with catalytic tautomerase activity. It remains unclear whether tautomerase activity is required for MIF function, but small molecules that inhibit tautomerase activity also inhibit the pro-inflammatory activities of MIF. A prominent feature of the acute inflammatory response is neutrophil activation and production of reactive oxygen species, including myeloperoxidase (MPO)-derived hypochlorous acid and hypothiocyanous acid. We hypothesized that MPO-derived oxidants would oxidize the N-terminal proline of MIF and alter its biological activity. MIF was exposed to hypochlorous acid and hypothiocyanous acid and the oxidative modifications on MIF were examined by LC-MS/MS. Imine formation and carbamylation was observed on the N-terminal proline in response to MPO-dependent generation of hypochlorous and hypothiocyanous acid, respectively. These modifications led to a complete loss of tautomerase activity. However, modified MIF still increased CXCL-8/IL-8 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and blocked neutrophil apoptosis, indicating that tautomerase activity is not essential for these biological functions. Pre-treatment of MIF with hypochlorous acid protected the protein from covalent modification by the MIF inhibitor 4-iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine (4-IPP). Therefore, oxidant generation at inflammatory sites may protect MIF from inactivation by more disruptive electrophiles, including drugs designed to target the tautomerase activity of MIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dickerhof
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Lisa Schindler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anthony J Kettle
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mark B Hampton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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246
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Trujillo M, Alvarez B, Radi R. One- and two-electron oxidation of thiols: mechanisms, kinetics and biological fates. Free Radic Res 2015; 50:150-71. [PMID: 26329537 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1089988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of biothiols participates not only in the defense against oxidative damage but also in enzymatic catalytic mechanisms and signal transduction processes. Thiols are versatile reductants that react with oxidizing species by one- and two-electron mechanisms, leading to thiyl radicals and sulfenic acids, respectively. These intermediates, depending on the conditions, participate in further reactions that converge on different stable products. Through this review, we will describe the biologically relevant species that are able to perform these oxidations and we will analyze the mechanisms and kinetics of the one- and two-electron reactions. The processes undergone by typical low-molecular-weight thiols as well as the particularities of specific thiol proteins will be described, including the molecular determinants proposed to account for the extraordinary reactivities of peroxidatic thiols. Finally, the main fates of the thiyl radical and sulfenic acid intermediates will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madia Trujillo
- a Departamento de Bioquímica , Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay .,b Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research , Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay , and
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- b Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research , Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay , and.,c Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- a Departamento de Bioquímica , Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay .,b Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research , Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay , and
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247
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Chisté RC, Ribeiro D, Freitas M, Leite A, Moniz T, Rangel M, Fernandes E. Uncovering novel 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone metal ion complexes with potential anti-inflammatory properties. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 155:9-16. [PMID: 26606288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ligands of the 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone (3,4-HPO) type, with one (Hmpp) or two methyl groups (Hdmpp), have been reported to possess biomedical, chemical and analytical applications. In this first screening study aiming to uncover new promising agents to mitigate the oxidative damage highly present in several metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, we assessed the potential of twelve 3,4-HPO metal ion complexes to modulate oxidative burst in human neutrophils. Metal ion 3,4-HPO complexes of Ni, Fe, V, Co, Cu and Zn were synthesized and tested up to 15μM. Among all the compounds, [Cu(mpp)2] and [Cu(dmpp)2] exhibited the highest scavenging capacity against superoxide radical (O2(-)) (IC50=0.36±0.07 and 0.30±0.06μM, respectively) and against hypochlorous acid (HOCl) (IC50=0.6±0.3 and 0.4±0.1μM, respectively). In the particular case of O2(-), [Fe(mpp)3] and [Fe(dmpp)3] (both at 15μM) presented 35% and 22% of inhibition, respectively, while all the other compounds were neither able to scavenge O2(-) nor stimulate its production. Regarding the scavenging capacity against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), all the compounds showed low efficiency (from 6-39%). Finally, with exception of [VO(mpp)2] and [VO(dmpp)2], all compounds exhibited scavenging activity against HOCl (39-81%) and the most efficient compounds were Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes. Thus, these preliminary results uncover promising new metal ion complexes, inhibitors of neutrophil's oxidative burst, with potential anti-inflammatory properties, which may be seen as an useful strategy for further studies in the treatment of a number of diseases where oxidative damage is a serious issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Campos Chisté
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Leite
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 404169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Moniz
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 404169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Rangel
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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248
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Flemmig J, Gau J, Schlorke D, Arnhold J. Lactoperoxidase as a potential drug target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:447-61. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1112378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Flemmig
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16 – 18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jana Gau
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16 – 18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Denise Schlorke
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16 – 18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Arnhold
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16 – 18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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249
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Dao VTV, Casas AI, Maghzal GJ, Seredenina T, Kaludercic N, Robledinos-Anton N, Di Lisa F, Stocker R, Ghezzi P, Jaquet V, Cuadrado A, Schmidt HH. Pharmacology and Clinical Drug Candidates in Redox Medicine. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:1113-29. [PMID: 26415051 PMCID: PMC4657508 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress is suggested to be a disease mechanism common to a wide range of disorders affecting human health. However, so far, the pharmacotherapeutic exploitation of this, for example, based on chemical scavenging of pro-oxidant molecules, has been unsuccessful. RECENT ADVANCES An alternative emerging approach is to target the enzymatic sources of disease-relevant oxidative stress. Several such enzymes and isoforms have been identified and linked to different pathologies. For some targets, the respective pharmacology is quite advanced, that is, up to late-stage clinical development or even on the market; for others, drugs are already in clinical use, although not for indications based on oxidative stress, and repurposing seems to be a viable option. CRITICAL ISSUES For all other targets, reliable preclinical validation and drug ability are key factors for any translation into the clinic. In this study, specific pharmacological agents with optimal pharmacokinetic profiles are still lacking. Moreover, these enzymes also serve largely unknown physiological functions and their inhibition may lead to unwanted side effects. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The current promising data based on new targets, drugs, and drug repurposing are mainly a result of academic efforts. With the availability of optimized compounds and coordinated efforts from academia and industry scientists, unambiguous validation and translation into proof-of-principle studies seem achievable in the very near future, possibly leading towards a new era of redox medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Thao-Vi Dao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ana I. Casas
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ghassan J. Maghzal
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tamara Seredenina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Natalia Robledinos-Anton
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Neuroscience Institute, CNR, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roland Stocker
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Division of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Harald H.H.W. Schmidt
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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250
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Howell SC, Richards DH, Mitch WA, Wilson CJ. Leveraging the Mechanism of Oxidative Decay for Adenylate Kinase to Design Structural and Functional Resistances. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:2393-404. [PMID: 26266833 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of the mechanisms underlying hypohalous acid (i.e., hypochlorous acid or hypobromous acid) degradation of proteins is important for understanding how the immune system deactivates pathogens during infections and damages human tissues during inflammatory diseases. Proteins are particularly important hypohalous acid reaction targets in pathogens and in host tissues, as evidenced by the detection of chlorinated and brominated oxidizable residues. While a significant amount of work has been conducted for reactions of hypohalous acids with a range of individual amino acids and small peptides, the assessment of oxidative decay in full-length proteins has lagged in comparison. The most rigorous test of our understanding of oxidative decay of proteins is the rational redesign of proteins with conferred resistances to the decay of structure and function. Toward this end, in this study, we experimentally determined a putative mechanism of oxidative decay using adenylate kinase as the model system. In turn, we leveraged this mechanism to rationally design new proteins and experimentally test each system for oxidative resistance to loss of structure and function. From our extensive assessment of secondary structure, protein hydrodynamics, and enzyme activity upon hypochlorous acid or hypobromous acid challenge, we have identified two key strategies for conferring structural and functional resistance, namely, the design of proteins (adenylate kinase enzymes) that are resistant to oxidation requires complementary consideration of protein stability and the modification (elimination) of certain oxidizable residues proximal to catalytic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William A. Mitch
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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