201
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Zhao D, Wang R, Meng J, Li Z, Wu Y, Tao J. Ameliorative effects of melatonin on dark-induced leaf senescence in gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis): leaf morphology, anatomy, physiology and transcriptome. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10423. [PMID: 28874722 PMCID: PMC5585368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cut gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) foliage is widely used as a vase material or flower bouquet indoors; however, insufficient indoor light accelerates its senescence, which shortens its viewing time. In this study, applying melatonin to delay gardenia leaf senescence when exposed to extremely low light condition (darkness), and the results showed that 1.0 mM was the effective concentration. At this concentration, chlorophyll contents and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, Fv/F0 and Y(II)) increased, while the carotenoid and flavonoid contents decreased. Meanwhile, stress physiological indices decreased in response to exogenous melatonin application, whereas an increase in glutamine synthetase activity, water and soluble protein contents was observed. Moreover, exogenous melatonin application also reduced leaf programmed cell death under darkness, increased the endogenous melatonin level, expression levels of tryptophan decarboxylase gene, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, and maintained more intact anatomical structures. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing revealed that various biological processes responded to exogenous melatonin application, including carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction and pigment biosynthesis. Consequently, dark-induced leaf senescence in gardenia was significantly delayed. These results provided a better understanding for improving the ornamental value of cut gardenia foliage using melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqiu Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiasong Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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202
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Chang E, Zhang J, Deng N, Yao X, Liu J, Zhao X, Jiang Z, Shi S. Transcriptome differences between 20- and 3,000-year-old Platycladus orientalis reveal that ROS are involved in senescence regulation. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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203
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Han S, Liu H, Yan M, Qi F, Wang Y, Sun Z, Huang B, Dong W, Tang F, Zhang X, He G. Differential gene expression in leaf tissues between mutant and wild-type genotypes response to late leaf spot in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183428. [PMID: 28841668 PMCID: PMC5571927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Late leaf spot (LLS) is a major foliar disease in peanut (A. hypogaea L.) worldwide, causing significant losses of potential yield in the absence of fungicide applications. Mutants are important materials to study the function of disease-related genes. In this study, the mutant line M14 was derived from cultivar Yuanza 9102 treated with EMS. Yuanza 9102 was selected from an interspecific cross of cultivar Baisha 1016 with A. diogoi, and is resistant to several fungal diseases. By contrast, the M14 was highly susceptible to late leaf spot. RNA-Seq analysis in the leaf tissues of the M14 and its wild type Yuanza 9102 under pathogen challenge showed 2219 differentially expressed genes including1317 up-regulated genes and 902 down-regulated genes. Of these genes, 1541, 1988, 1344, 643 and 533 unigenes were obtained and annotated by public protein databases of SwissPort, TrEMBL, gene ontology (GO), KEGG and clusters of orthologous groups (COG), respectively. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that expression of inducible pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins was significantly up-regulated; in the meantime DEGs related to photosynthesis were down-regulated in the susceptible M14 in comparison to the resistant WT. Moreover, the up-regulated WRKY transcription factors and down-regulated plant hormones related to plant growth were detected in the M14. The results suggest that down-regulated chloroplast genes, up-regulated WRKY transcription factors, and depressed plant hormones related to plant growth in the M14 might coordinately render the susceptibility though there was a significant high level of PRs. Those negative effectors might be triggered in the susceptible plant by fungal infection and resulted in reduction of photosynthesis and phytohormones and led to symptom formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suoyi Han
- Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Hua Liu
- Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mei Yan
- Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feiyan Qi
- Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ziqi Sun
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bingyan Huang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenzhao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fengshou Tang
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinyou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guohao He
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama, United States of America
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204
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Li J, Zhong R, Palva ET. WRKY70 and its homolog WRKY54 negatively modulate the cell wall-associated defenses to necrotrophic pathogens in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183731. [PMID: 28837631 PMCID: PMC5570282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have identified the Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor WRKY70 as a node of convergence for salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defense signal pathways and, together with its closest homolog WRKY54, as a negative regulator of SA biosynthesis. Here, we demonstrate that WRKY70 together with WRKY54 negatively affect the response of Arabidopsis to the necrotrophic pathogens Pectobacterium carotovorum and Botrytis cinerea, but not to the hemibiotroph Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000, as revealed by mutants studies. Unstressed wrky54wrky70 double mutants exhibited increased levels of SA, accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and up-regulated expression of both SA and JA/ethylene (ET) responsive defense related genes. Additionally, protein cross-linking in cell wall was promoted by endogenous SA, suggesting involvement of wall-associated defenses against necrotrophs. This response to necrotrophs was compromised by introducing the sid2-1 allele impairing SA biosynthesis and leading to reduction of H2O2 content and of defense gene expression. The data suggest that the elevated SA level in the wrky54wrky70 double mutant results in moderate accumulation of H2O2, in promoting cell wall fortification and consequently enhanced resistance to necrotrophs but is not sufficient to trigger hypersensitive reaction (HR)-like cell death and resistance to biotrophs/hemibiotrophs like Pst DC3000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rusen Zhong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - E Tapio Palva
- Viikki Biocenter, Department of Biosciences, Division of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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205
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Zhao H, Jiang J, Li K, Liu G. Populus simonii × Populus nigra WRKY70 is involved in salt stress and leaf blight disease responses. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:827-844. [PMID: 28369503 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are important regulators in the complex stress response signaling networks in plants, but the detailed mechanisms underlying these regulatory networks have not been fully characterized. In the present study, we identified a Group III WRKY gene (PsnWRKY70, Potri.016G137900) from Populussimonii × Populusnigra and explored its function under salt and pathogen stresses. The promoter sequence that is located 2471-bp upstream from the start codon (SC) of PsnWRKY70 contained many stress-responsive cis-elements. Yeast one-hybrid assay suggested the upstream regulators, PsnWRKY70, PsnNAM (Potri.009G141600), PsnMYB (Potri.006G000800) and PsnGT1 (Potri.010G055000), probably modulate the expression of the PsnWRKY70 gene by specifically binding to the W-box or GT1GMSCAM4 (GT1) element. Yeast two-hybrid assay and transcriptome analysis revealed that HP1 (Potri.004G092100), RRM (Potri.008G146700), Ulp1 (Potri.002G105700) and some mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade members probably interact with PsnWRKY70 TF to response to salt stress. Compared with non-transgenic (NT) plants, PsnWRKY70-overexpressing (OEX) plants exhibited improved leaf blight disease resistance, while PsnWRKY70-repressing (REX) plants displayed enhanced salt stress tolerance. PsnWRKY70, PsnNAM, PsnMYB and PsnGT1 exhibited similar expression patterns in NT under salt and leaf blight disease stresses. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from NT vs OEX1 and the DEGs from NT vs REX1 exhibited considerable diversification. Most of the DEGs between NT and OEX1 were involved in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, secondary metabolism, programmed cell death, peroxisomes and disease resistance. Most of the DEGs between NT and REX1 were related to desiccation response, urea transmembrane transport, abscisic acid response, calcium ion transport and hydrogen peroxide transmembrane transport. Our findings not only revealed the salt stress response signal transduction pathway of PsnWRKY70, but also provided direct evidence for the opposite biological functions of PsnWRKY70 TF in response to salt stress and leaf blight disease in P. simonii × P. nigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, No. 2, Hexing Road, Xiangfang, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, No. 2, Hexing Road, Xiangfang, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Kailong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, No. 2, Hexing Road, Xiangfang, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Guifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, No. 2, Hexing Road, Xiangfang, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
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206
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Kanofsky K, Bahlmann AK, Hehl R, Dong DX. Combinatorial requirement of W- and WT-boxes in microbe-associated molecular pattern-responsive synthetic promoters. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:971-986. [PMID: 28341984 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The WT-box GGACTTTC belongs to a novel class of MAMP-responsive cis-regulatory sequences that are part of combinatorial elements. Microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-responsive synthetic promoters were generated with two cis-regulatory modules (CRM1 and CRM2) from the Arabidopsis thaliana WRKY30 promoter. Both modules harbour two W-boxes and one WT-box. Mutation analysis of the synthetic promoters and transient gene expression analysis in parsley protoplasts underline the importance of the W- and WT-boxes for MAMP-responsive gene expression and reveal the combinatorial requirement of at least two boxes for full MAMP responsivity. In the context of the native promoter, CRM1 is required for MAMP responsivity, while CRM2 alone is not sufficient. Yeast one-hybrid screenings using CRM1 with a transcription factor (TF) only prey library select only WRKY factors. Selection of WRKY26, 40, 41, and 70 requires the W-boxes. The WT-box is also required for selection of WRKY26 and 41 in yeast. In plant cells, WRKY26, 40, and 41 act as repressors of MAMP-responsive gene expression, whereas WRKY70 is an activator. To investigate whether the WT-box is also required for WRKY26 and 41 mediated gene expression in plant cells, both were converted into transcriptional activators by adding the GAL4 activating domain (AD). In contrast to yeast, transient gene expression in parsley protoplasts shows that only the W-boxes from CRM1 are required for WRKY41AD-activated reporter gene activity but not the WT-box. In addition, WRKY70-activated reporter gene activity in parsley cells does not require the WT-box of CRM1. The results demonstrate the importance of the WT-box as a new cis-regulatory sequence for MAMP-responsive gene expression. Based on these and earlier results, two types of WT-boxes are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Kanofsky
- Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Bahlmann
- Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hehl
- Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Do Xuan Dong
- Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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207
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Chen J, Nolan TM, Ye H, Zhang M, Tong H, Xin P, Chu J, Chu C, Li Z, Yin Y. Arabidopsis WRKY46, WRKY54, and WRKY70 Transcription Factors Are Involved in Brassinosteroid-Regulated Plant Growth and Drought Responses. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:1425-1439. [PMID: 28576847 PMCID: PMC5502465 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant steroid hormones, brassinosteroids (BRs), play important roles in growth and development. BR signaling controls the activities of BRASSINOSTERIOD INSENSITIVE1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR1/BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BES1/BZR1) family transcription factors. Besides the role in promoting growth, BRs are also implicated in plant responses to drought stress. However, the molecular mechanisms by which BRs regulate drought response have just begun to be revealed. The functions of WRKY transcription factors in BR-regulated plant growth have not been established, although their roles in stress responses are well documented. Here, we found that three Arabidopsis thaliana group III WRKY transcription factors, WRKY46, WRKY54, and WRKY70, are involved in both BR-regulated plant growth and drought response as the wrky46 wrky54 wrky70 triple mutant has defects in BR-regulated growth and is more tolerant to drought stress. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed global roles of WRKY46, WRKY54, and WRKY70 in promoting BR-mediated gene expression and inhibiting drought responsive genes. WRKY54 directly interacts with BES1 to cooperatively regulate the expression of target genes. In addition, WRKY54 is phosphorylated and destabilized by GSK3-like kinase BR-INSENSITIVE2, a negative regulator in the BR pathway. Our results therefore establish WRKY46/54/70 as important signaling components that are positively involved in BR-regulated growth and negatively involved in drought responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Chen
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Trevor M Nolan
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Huaxun Ye
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Mingcai Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongning Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Peiyong Xin
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanhai Yin
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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208
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Zhang S, Li C, Wang R, Chen Y, Shu S, Huang R, Zhang D, Li J, Xiao S, Yao N, Yang C. The Arabidopsis Mitochondrial Protease FtSH4 Is Involved in Leaf Senescence via Regulation of WRKY-Dependent Salicylic Acid Accumulation and Signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:2294-2307. [PMID: 28250067 PMCID: PMC5373041 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria and autophagy play important roles in the networks that regulate plant leaf senescence and cell death. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between mitochondrial signaling and autophagy are currently not well understood. This study characterized the function of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mitochondrial AAA-protease gene FtSH4 in regulating autophagy and senescence, finding that FtSH4 mediates WRKY-dependent salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and signaling. Knockout of FtSH4 in the ftsh4-4 mutant resulted in severe leaf senescence, cell death, and high autophagy levels. The level of SA increased dramatically in the ftsh4-4 mutant. Expression of nahG in the ftsh4-4 mutant led to decreased SA levels and suppressed the leaf senescence and cell death phenotypes. The transcript levels of several SA synthesis and signaling genes, including SALICYLIC ACIDINDUCTION DEFICIENT2 (SID2), NON-RACE-SPECIFIC DISEASE RESISTANCE1 (NDR1), and NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS1 (NPR1), increased significantly in the ftsh4-4 mutants compared with the wild type. Loss of function of SID2, NDR1, or NPR1 in the ftsh4-4 mutant reversed the ftsh4-4 senescence and autophagy phenotypes. Furthermore, ftsh4-4 mutants had elevated levels of transcripts of several WRKY genes, including WRKY40, WRKY46, WRKY51, WRKY60, WRKY63, and WRKY75; all of these WRKY proteins can bind to the promoter of SID2 Loss of function of WRKY75 in the ftsh4-4 mutants decreased the levels of SA and reversed the senescence phenotype. Taken together, these results suggest that the mitochondrial ATP-dependent protease FtSH4 may regulate the expression of WRKY genes by modifying the level of reactive oxygen species and the WRKY transcription factors that control SA synthesis and signaling in autophagy and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchun Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (S.Z., C.L., R.W., Y.C., S.S., R.H., D.Z. C.Y.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China (J.L., S.X., N.Y.)
| | - Cui Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (S.Z., C.L., R.W., Y.C., S.S., R.H., D.Z. C.Y.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China (J.L., S.X., N.Y.)
| | - Rui Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (S.Z., C.L., R.W., Y.C., S.S., R.H., D.Z. C.Y.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China (J.L., S.X., N.Y.)
| | - Yaxue Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (S.Z., C.L., R.W., Y.C., S.S., R.H., D.Z. C.Y.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China (J.L., S.X., N.Y.)
| | - Si Shu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (S.Z., C.L., R.W., Y.C., S.S., R.H., D.Z. C.Y.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China (J.L., S.X., N.Y.)
| | - Ruihua Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (S.Z., C.L., R.W., Y.C., S.S., R.H., D.Z. C.Y.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China (J.L., S.X., N.Y.)
| | - Daowei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (S.Z., C.L., R.W., Y.C., S.S., R.H., D.Z. C.Y.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China (J.L., S.X., N.Y.)
| | - Jian Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (S.Z., C.L., R.W., Y.C., S.S., R.H., D.Z. C.Y.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China (J.L., S.X., N.Y.)
| | - Shi Xiao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (S.Z., C.L., R.W., Y.C., S.S., R.H., D.Z. C.Y.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China (J.L., S.X., N.Y.)
| | - Nan Yao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (S.Z., C.L., R.W., Y.C., S.S., R.H., D.Z. C.Y.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China (J.L., S.X., N.Y.)
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (S.Z., C.L., R.W., Y.C., S.S., R.H., D.Z. C.Y.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China (J.L., S.X., N.Y.)
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209
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Lee MH, Jeon HS, Kim HG, Park OK. An Arabidopsis NAC transcription factor NAC4 promotes pathogen-induced cell death under negative regulation by microRNA164. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:343-360. [PMID: 28032643 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hypersensitive response (HR) is a form of programmed cell death (PCD) and the primary immune response that prevents pathogen invasion in plants. Here, we show that a microRNAmiR164 and its target gene NAC4 (At5g07680), encoding a NAC transcription factor, play essential roles in the regulation of HR PCD in Arabidopsis thaliana. Cell death symptoms were noticeably enhanced in NAC4-overexpressing (35S:NAC4) and mir164 mutant plants in response to avirulent bacterial pathogens. NAC4 expression was induced by pathogen infection and negatively regulated by miR164 expression. NAC4-binding DNA sequences were determined by in vitro binding site selection using random oligonucleotide sequences. Microarray, chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses, followed by cell death assays in protoplasts, led to the identification of NAC4 target genes LURP1, WRKY40 and WRKY54, which act as negative regulators of cell death. Our results suggest that NAC4 promotes hypersensitive cell death by suppressing its target genes and this immune process is fine-tuned by the negative action of miR164.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung-Hoon Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Hwi Seong Jeon
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Hye Gi Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Ohkmae K Park
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
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210
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Tsai AYL, Chan K, Ho CY, Canam T, Capron R, Master ER, Bräutigam K. Transgenic expression of fungal accessory hemicellulases in Arabidopsis thaliana triggers transcriptional patterns related to biotic stress and defense response. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173094. [PMID: 28253318 PMCID: PMC5333852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant cell wall is an abundant and renewable resource for lignocellulosic applications such as the production of biofuel. Due to structural and compositional complexities, the plant cell wall is, however, recalcitrant to hydrolysis and extraction of platform sugars. A cell wall engineering strategy to reduce this recalcitrance makes use of microbial cell wall modifying enzymes that are expressed directly in plants themselves. Previously, we constructed transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana constitutively expressing the fungal hemicellulases: Phanerochaete carnosa glucurnoyl esterase (PcGCE) and Aspergillus nidulans α-arabinofuranosidase (AnAF54). While the PcGCE lines demonstrated improved xylan extractability, they also displayed chlorotic leaves leading to the hypothesis that expression of such enzymes in planta resulted in plant stress. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of transgenic expression of the aforementioned microbial hemicellulases in planta on the host arabidopsis. More specifically, we investigated transcriptome profiles by short read high throughput sequencing (RNAseq) from developmentally distinct parts of the plant stem. When compared to non-transformed wild-type plants, a subset of genes was identified that showed differential transcript abundance in all transgenic lines and tissues investigated. Intriguingly, this core set of genes was significantly enriched for those involved in plant defense and biotic stress responses. While stress and defense-related genes showed increased transcript abundance in the transgenic plants regardless of tissue or genotype, genes involved in photosynthesis (light harvesting) were decreased in their transcript abundance potentially reflecting wide-spread effects of heterologous microbial transgene expression and the maintenance of plant homeostasis. Additionally, an increase in transcript abundance for genes involved in salicylic acid signaling further substantiates our finding that transgenic expression of microbial cell wall modifying enzymes induces transcriptome responses similar to those observed in defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Yi-Lin Tsai
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Kin Chan
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chi-Yip Ho
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Canam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Resmi Capron
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma R. Master
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katharina Bräutigam
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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211
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Zhang X, Ivanova A, Vandepoele K, Radomiljac J, Van de Velde J, Berkowitz O, Willems P, Xu Y, Ng S, Van Aken O, Duncan O, Zhang B, Storme V, Chan KX, Vaneechoutte D, Pogson BJ, Van Breusegem F, Whelan J, De Clercq I. The Transcription Factor MYB29 Is a Regulator of ALTERNATIVE OXIDASE1a. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:1824-1843. [PMID: 28167700 PMCID: PMC5338668 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants sense and integrate a variety of signals from the environment through different interacting signal transduction pathways that involve hormones and signaling molecules. Using ALTERNATIVE OXIDASE1a (AOX1a) gene expression as a model system of retrograde or stress signaling between mitochondria and the nucleus, MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN29 (MYB29) was identified as a negative regulator (regulator of alternative oxidase1a 7 [rao7] mutant) in a genetic screen of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). rao7/myb29 mutants have increased levels of AOX1a transcript and protein compared to wild type after induction with antimycin A. A variety of genes previously associated with the mitochondrial stress response also display enhanced transcript abundance, indicating that RAO7/MYB29 negatively regulates mitochondrial stress responses in general. Meta-analysis of hormone-responsive marker genes and identification of downstream transcription factor networks revealed that MYB29 functions in the complex interplay of ethylene, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and reactive oxygen species signaling by regulating the expression of various ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR and WRKY transcription factors. Despite an enhanced induction of mitochondrial stress response genes, rao7/myb29 mutants displayed an increased sensitivity to combined moderate light and drought stress. These results uncover interactions between mitochondrial retrograde signaling and the regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis, both regulated by RAO7/MYB29. This common regulator can explain why perturbation of the mitochondrial function leads to transcriptomic responses overlapping with responses to biotic stress.
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212
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Jiang J, Ma S, Ye N, Jiang M, Cao J, Zhang J. WRKY transcription factors in plant responses to stresses. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:86-101. [PMID: 27995748 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The WRKY gene family is among the largest families of transcription factors (TFs) in higher plants. By regulating the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, these TFs play critical roles in some plant processes in response to biotic and abiotic stress. Various bodies of research have demonstrated the important biological functions of WRKY TFs in plant response to different kinds of biotic and abiotic stresses and working mechanisms. However, very little summarization has been done to review their research progress. Not just important TFs function in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses, WRKY also participates in carbohydrate synthesis, senescence, development, and secondary metabolites synthesis. WRKY proteins can bind to W-box (TGACC (A/T)) in the promoter of its target genes and activate or repress the expression of downstream genes to regulate their stress response. Moreover, WRKY proteins can interact with other TFs to regulate plant defensive responses. In the present review, we focus on the structural characteristics of WRKY TFs and the research progress on their functions in plant responses to a variety of stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology Shenzhen Base, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Shenghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology Shenzhen Base, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nenghui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology Shenzhen Base, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Ecology Key Discipline of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, China
| | - Jiashu Cao
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology Shenzhen Base, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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213
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Aamir M, Singh VK, Meena M, Upadhyay RS, Gupta VK, Singh S. Structural and Functional Insights into WRKY3 and WRKY4 Transcription Factors to Unravel the WRKY-DNA (W-Box) Complex Interaction in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). A Computational Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:819. [PMID: 28611792 PMCID: PMC5447077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factors (TFs), play crucial role in plant defense response against various abiotic and biotic stresses. The role of WRKY3 and WRKY4 genes in plant defense response against necrotrophic pathogens is well-reported. However, their functional annotation in tomato is largely unknown. In the present work, we have characterized the structural and functional attributes of the two identified tomato WRKY transcription factors, WRKY3 (SlWRKY3), and WRKY4 (SlWRKY4) using computational approaches. Arabidopsis WRKY3 (AtWRKY3: NP_178433) and WRKY4 (AtWRKY4: NP_172849) protein sequences were retrieved from TAIR database and protein BLAST was done for finding their sequential homologs in tomato. Sequence alignment, phylogenetic classification, and motif composition analysis revealed the remarkable sequential variation between, these two WRKYs. The tomato WRKY3 and WRKY4 clusters with Solanum pennellii showing the monophyletic origin and evolution from their wild homolog. The functional domain region responsible for sequence specific DNA-binding occupied in both proteins were modeled [using AtWRKY4 (PDB ID:1WJ2) and AtWRKY1 (PDBID:2AYD) as template protein structures] through homology modeling using Discovery Studio 3.0. The generated models were further evaluated for their accuracy and reliability based on qualitative and quantitative parameters. The modeled proteins were found to satisfy all the crucial energy parameters and showed acceptable Ramachandran statistics when compared to the experimentally resolved NMR solution structures and/or X-Ray diffracted crystal structures (templates). The superimposition of the functional WRKY domains from SlWRKY3 and SlWRKY4 revealed remarkable structural similarity. The sequence specific DNA binding for two WRKYs was explored through DNA-protein interaction using Hex Docking server. The interaction studies found that SlWRKY4 binds with the W-box DNA through WRKYGQK with Tyr408, Arg409, and Lys419 with the initial flanking sequences also get involved in binding. In contrast, the SlWRKY3 made interaction with RKYGQK along with the residues from zinc finger motifs. Protein-protein interactions studies were done using STRING version 10.0 to explore all the possible protein partners involved in associative functional interaction networks. The Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed the functional dimension and characterized the identified WRKYs based on their functional annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aamir
- Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Vinay K. Singh
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Ram S. Upadhyay
- Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Vijai K. Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Tallinn University of TechnologyTallinn, Estonia
| | - Surendra Singh
- Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
- *Correspondence: Surendra Singh
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214
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Mohanta TK, Park YH, Bae H. Novel Genomic and Evolutionary Insight of WRKY Transcription Factors in Plant Lineage. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37309. [PMID: 27853303 PMCID: PMC5112548 DOI: 10.1038/srep37309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved WRKY transcription factor (TF) regulates different aspects of gene expression in plants, and modulates growth, development, as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses. Therefore, understanding the details regarding WRKY TFs is very important. In this study, large-scale genomic analyses of the WRKY TF gene family from 43 plant species were conducted. The results of our study revealed that WRKY TFs could be grouped and specifically classified as those belonging to the monocot or dicot plant lineage. In this study, we identified several novel WRKY TFs. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a revised grouping system of the WRKY TF gene family in plants. The different forms of novel chimeric forms of WRKY TFs in the plant genome might play a crucial role in their evolution. Tissue-specific gene expression analyses in Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris showed that WRKY11-1, WRKY11-2 and WRKY11-3 were ubiquitously expressed in all tissue types, and WRKY15-2 was highly expressed in the stem, root, nodule and pod tissues in G. max and P. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Free Major of Natural Sciences, College of Basic Studies, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Park
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhong Bae
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
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215
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Kozuleva M, Goss T, Twachtmann M, Rudi K, Trapka J, Selinski J, Ivanov B, Garapati P, Steinhoff HJ, Hase T, Scheibe R, Klare JP, Hanke GT. Ferredoxin:NADP(H) Oxidoreductase Abundance and Location Influences Redox Poise and Stress Tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:1480-1493. [PMID: 27634426 PMCID: PMC5100767 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In linear photosynthetic electron transport, ferredoxin:NADP(H) oxidoreductase (FNR) transfers electrons from ferredoxin (Fd) to NADP+ Both NADPH and reduced Fd (Fdred) are required for reductive assimilation and light/dark activation/deactivation of enzymes. FNR is therefore a hub, connecting photosynthetic electron transport to chloroplast redox metabolism. A correlation between FNR content and tolerance to oxidative stress is well established, although the precise mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the impact of altered FNR content and localization on electron transport and superoxide radical evolution in isolated thylakoids, and probed resulting changes in redox homeostasis, expression of oxidative stress markers, and tolerance to high light in planta. Our data indicate that the ratio of Fdred to FNR is critical, with either too much or too little FNR potentially leading to increased superoxide production, and perception of oxidative stress at the level of gene transcription. In FNR overexpressing plants, which show more NADP(H) and glutathione pools, improved tolerance to high-light stress indicates that disturbance of chloroplast redox poise and increased free radical generation may help "prime" the plant and induce protective mechanisms. In fnr1 knock-outs, the NADP(H) and glutathione pools are more oxidized relative to the wild type, and the photoprotective effect is absent despite perception of oxidative stress at the level of gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kozuleva
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Tatjana Goss
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Manuel Twachtmann
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Katherina Rudi
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Jennifer Trapka
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Jennifer Selinski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Boris Ivanov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Prashanth Garapati
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Heinz-Juergen Steinhoff
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Toshiharu Hase
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Renate Scheibe
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Johann P Klare
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Guy T Hanke
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.);
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany;
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
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216
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Huang Y, Li MY, Wu P, Xu ZS, Que F, Wang F, Xiong AS. Members of WRKY Group III transcription factors are important in TYLCV defense signaling pathway in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). BMC Genomics 2016; 17:788. [PMID: 27717312 PMCID: PMC5055730 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, tomato yellow leaf curly virus (TYLCV) has posed serious threats to plant growth and development. Plant innate immune systems against various threats involve WRKY Group III transcription factors (TFs). This group participates as a major component of biological processes in plants. Results In this study, 6 WRKY Group III TFs (SolyWRKY41, SolyWRKY42, SolyWRKY53, SolyWRKY54, SolyWRKY80, and SolyWRKY81) were identified, and these TFs responded to TYLCV infection. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that SolyWRKY41 and SolyWRKY54 were nuclear proteins in vivo. Many elements, including W-box, were found in the promoter region of Group III TFs. Interaction network analysis revealed that Group III TFs could interact with other proteins, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase 5 (MAPK) and isochorismate synthase (ICS), to respond to biotic and abiotic stresses. Positive and negative expression patterns showed that WRKY Group III genes could also respond to TYLCV infection in tomato. The DNA content of TYLCV resistant lines after SolyWRKY41 and SolyWRKY54 were subjected to virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was lower than that of the control lines. Conclusions In the present study, 6 WRKY Group III TFs in tomato were identified to respond to TYLCV infection. Quantitative real-time–polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and VIGS analyses demonstrated that Group III genes served as positive and negative regulators in tomato–TYLCV interaction. WRKY Group III TFs could interact with other proteins by binding to cis elements existing in the promoter regions of other genes to regulate pathogen-related gene expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3123-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Meng-Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Que
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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217
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Stefanowicz K, Lannoo N, Zhao Y, Eggermont L, Van Hove J, Al Atalah B, Van Damme EJM. Glycan-binding F-box protein from Arabidopsis thaliana protects plants from Pseudomonas syringae infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:213. [PMID: 27716048 PMCID: PMC5050601 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A small group of F-box proteins consisting of a conserved F-box domain linked to a domain homologous to the glycan-binding protein has been identified within the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. Previously, the so-called F-box-Nictaba protein, encoded by the gene At2g02360, was shown to be a functional lectin which binds N-acetyllactosamine structures. Here, we present a detailed qRT-PCR expression analysis of F-box-Nictaba in Arabidopsis plants upon different stresses and hormone treatments. RESULTS Expression of the F-box-Nictaba gene was enhanced after plant treatment with salicylic acid and after plant infection with the virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 (Pst DC3000). β-glucuronidase histochemical staining of transgenic Arabidopsis plants displayed preferential activity of the At2g02360 promoter in trichomes present on young rosette leaves. qRT-PCR analyses confirmed high expression of F-box-Nictaba in leaf trichomes. A. thaliana plants overexpressing the gene showed less disease symptoms after Pst DC3000 infection with reduced bacterial colonization compared to infected wild type and F-box-Nictaba knock-out plants. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that the Arabidopsis F-box-Nictaba gene is a stress-inducible gene responsive to SA, bacterial infection and heat stress, and is involved in salicylic acid related plant defense responses. This knowledge enriched our understanding of the physiological importance of F-box-Nictaba, and can be used to create plants with better performance in changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Stefanowicz
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nausicaä Lannoo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yafei Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lore Eggermont
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Van Hove
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bassam Al Atalah
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els J. M. Van Damme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Mahmood K, El-Kereamy A, Kim SH, Nambara E, Rothstein SJ. ANAC032 Positively Regulates Age-Dependent and Stress-Induced Senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:2029-2046. [PMID: 27388337 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Members of the NAC transcription factor family have been implicated in the regulation of different processes of plant development including senescence. In this study, the role of ANAC032 is analyzed in Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0). ANAC032 is shown to act as a transcriptional activator and its expression is induced in senescing leaves as well as in dark-treated detached leaves. Analysis of transgenic overexpressors (OXs) and chimeric repressors (SRDXs) of ANAC032 indicates that ANAC032 positively regulates age-dependent and dark-induced leaf senescence. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that ANAC032 regulates leaf senescence mainly through the modulation of expression of the senescence-associated genes AtNYE1, SAG113 and SAUR36/SAG201, which are involved in Chl degradation, and ABA and auxin promotion of senescence, respectively. In addition, ANAC032 expression is induced by a range of oxidative and abiotic stresses. As a result, ANAC032 overexpression lines exhibited enhanced leaf senescence when challenged with different oxidative (3-aminotriazole, fumonisin B1 and high light) and abiotic stress (osmotic and salinity) conditions compared with the wild type. In contrast, ANAC032 SRDX lines displayed the opposite phenotype. ANAC032 transgenic lines showed altered 2,4-D-mediated root tip swelling and root inhibition responses when compared with the wild type. The altered response to auxin, oxidative and abiotic stress treatments in ANAC032 transgenic lines involves differential accumulation of H2O2 compared with the wild type. Taken together, these results indicate that ANAC032 is an important transcription factor that positively regulates age-dependent and stress-induced senescence in A. thaliana by modulating reactive oxygen species production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Mahmood
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ashraf El-Kereamy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Present address: Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Cooperative Extension Kern County, Bakersfield, CA, USA
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Steven J Rothstein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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219
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Ortega-Villasante C, Burén S, Barón-Sola Á, Martínez F, Hernández LE. In vivo ROS and redox potential fluorescent detection in plants: Present approaches and future perspectives. Methods 2016; 109:92-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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220
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Lee IH, Lee IC, Kim J, Kim JH, Chung EH, Kim HJ, Park SJ, Kim YM, Kang SK, Nam HG, Woo HR, Lim PO. NORE1/SAUL1 integrates temperature-dependent defense programs involving SGT1b and PAD4 pathways and leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 158:180-99. [PMID: 26910207 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is not only primarily governed by developmental age but also influenced by various internal and external factors. Although some genes that control leaf senescence have been identified, the detailed regulatory mechanisms underlying integration of diverse senescence-associated signals into the senescence programs remain to be elucidated. To dissect the regulatory pathways involved in leaf senescence, we isolated the not oresara1-1 (nore1-1) mutant showing accelerated leaf senescence phenotypes from an EMS-mutagenized Arabidopsis thaliana population. We found that altered transcriptional programs in defense response-related processes were associated with the accelerated leaf senescence phenotypes observed in nore1-1 through microarray analysis. The nore1-1 mutation activated defense program, leading to enhanced disease resistance. Intriguingly, high ambient temperature effectively suppresses the early senescence and death phenotypes of nore1-1. The gene responsible for the phenotypes of nore1-1 contains a missense mutation in SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE 1 (SAUL1), which was reported as a negative regulator of premature senescence in the light intensity- and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4)-dependent manner. Through extensive double mutant analyses, we recently identified suppressor of the G2 Allele of SKP1b (SGT1b), one of the positive regulators for disease resistance conferred by many resistance (R) proteins, as a downstream signaling component in NORE1-mediated senescence and cell death pathways. In conclusion, NORE1/SAUL1 is a key factor integrating signals from temperature-dependent defense programs and leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. These findings provide a new insight that plants might utilize defense response program in regulating leaf senescence process, possibly through recruiting the related genes during the evolution of the leaf senescence program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Hwan Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - In Chul Lee
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsik Kim
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Hwan Chung
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Park
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Bioscience, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Kyu Kang
- Department of Bioscience, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Gil Nam
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Ryun Woo
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pyung Ok Lim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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Wei W, Hu Y, Han YT, Zhang K, Zhao FL, Feng JY. The WRKY transcription factors in the diploid woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca: Identification and expression analysis under biotic and abiotic stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 105:129-144. [PMID: 27105420 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
WRKY proteins comprise a large family of transcription factors that play important roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses and in plant growth and development. To date, little is known about the WRKY gene family in strawberry. In this study, we identified 62 WRKY genes (FvWRKYs) in the wild diploid woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca, 2n = 2x = 14) accession Heilongjiang-3. According to the phylogenetic analysis and structural features, these identified strawberry FvWRKY genes were classified into three main groups. In addition, eight FvWRKY-GFP fusion proteins showed distinct subcellular localizations in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts. Furthermore, we examined the expression of the 62 FvWRKY genes in 'Heilongjiang-3' under various conditions, including biotic stress (Podosphaera aphanis), abiotic stresses (drought, salt, cold, and heat), and hormone treatments (abscisic acid, ethephon, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid). The expression levels of 33 FvWRKY genes were upregulated, while 12 FvWRKY genes were downregulated during powdery mildew infection. FvWRKY genes responded to drought and salt treatment to a greater extent than to temperature stress. Expression profiles derived from quantitative real-time PCR suggested that 11 FvWRKY genes responded dramatically to various stimuli at the transcriptional level, indicating versatile roles in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Interaction networks revealed that the crucial pathways controlled by WRKY proteins may be involved in the differential response to biotic stress. Taken together, the present work may provide the basis for future studies of the genetic modification of WRKY genes for pathogen resistance and stress tolerance in strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong-Tao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Yue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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223
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Yang Y, Chi Y, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Fan B, Chen Z. Functional analysis of structurally related soybean GmWRKY58 and GmWRKY76 in plant growth and development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4727-42. [PMID: 27335454 PMCID: PMC4973743 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors constitute a large protein superfamily with a predominant role in plant stress responses. In this study we report that two structurally related soybean WRKY proteins, GmWRKY58 and GmWRKY76, play a critical role in plant growth and flowering. GmWRKY58 and GmWRKY76 are both Group III WRKY proteins with a C2HC zinc finger domain and are close homologs of AtWRKY70 and AtWRKY54, two well-characterized Arabidopsis WRKY proteins with an important role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. GmWRKY58 and GmWRKY76 are both localized to the nucleus, recognize the TTGACC W-box sequence with a high specificity, and function as transcriptional activators in both yeast and plant cells. Expression of GmWRKY58 and GmWRKY76 was detected at low levels in roots, stem, leaves, flowers, and pods. Expression of the two genes in leaves increased substantially during the first 4 weeks after germination but steadily declined thereafter with increased age. To determine their biological functions, transgenic Arabidopsis plants were generated overexpressing GmWRKY58 or GmWRKY76 Unlike AtWRKY70 and AtWRKY54, overexpression of GmWRKY58 or GmWRKY76 had no effect on disease resistance and only small effects on abiotic stress tolerance of the transgenic plants. Significantly, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing GmWRKY58 or GmWRKY76 flowered substantially earlier than control plants and this early flowering phenotype was associated with increased expression of several flowering-promoting genes, some of which are enriched in W-box sequences in their promoters recognized by GmWRKY58 and GmWRKY76. In addition, virus-induced silencing of GmWRKY58 and GmWRKY76 in soybean resulted in stunted plants with reduced leaf expansion and terminated stem growth. These results provide strong evidence for functional divergence among close structural homologs of WRKY proteins from different plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingjun Chi
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Baofang Fan
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, 915W. State Street, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, 915W. State Street, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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224
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Molecular Responses to Small Regulating Molecules against Huanglongbing Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159610. [PMID: 27459099 PMCID: PMC4961454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB; citrus greening) is the most devastating disease of citrus worldwide. No cure is yet available for this disease and infected trees generally decline after several months. Disease management depends on early detection of symptoms and chemical control of insect vectors. In this work, different combinations of organic compounds were tested for the ability to modulate citrus molecular responses to HLB disease beneficially. Three small-molecule regulating compounds were tested: 1) L-arginine, 2) 6-benzyl-adenine combined with gibberellins, and 3) sucrose combined with atrazine. Each treatment contained K-phite mineral solution and was tested at two different concentrations. Two trials were conducted: one in the greenhouse and the other in the orchard. In the greenhouse study, responses of 42 key genes involved in sugar and starch metabolism, hormone-related pathways, biotic stress responses, and secondary metabolism in treated and untreated mature leaves were analyzed. TGA5 was significantly induced by arginine. Benzyladenine and gibberellins enhanced two important genes involved in biotic stress responses: WRKY54 and WRKY59. Sucrose combined with atrazine mainly upregulated key genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism such as sucrose-phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, starch synthase, and α-amylase. Atrazine also affected expression of some key genes involved in systemic acquired resistance such as EDS1, TGA6, WRKY33, and MYC2. Several treatments upregulated HSP82, which might help protect protein folding and integrity. A subset of key genes was chosen as biomarkers for molecular responses to treatments under field conditions. GPT2 was downregulated by all small-molecule treatments. Arginine-induced genes involved in systemic acquired resistance included PR1, WRKY70, and EDS1. These molecular data encourage long-term application of treatments that combine these regulating molecules in field trials.
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225
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Song Y, Zhang Z, Tan X, Jiang Y, Gao J, Lin L, Wang Z, Ren J, Wang X, Qin L, Cheng W, Qi J, Kuai B. Association of the molecular regulation of ear leaf senescence/stress response and photosynthesis/metabolism with heterosis at the reproductive stage in maize. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29843. [PMID: 27435114 PMCID: PMC4951735 DOI: 10.1038/srep29843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize exhibits a wide range of heterotic traits, but the molecular basis of heterosis at the reproductive stage has seldom been exploited. Leaf senescence is a degenerative process which affects crop yield and quality. In this study, we observed significantly delayed ear leaf senescence in the reciprocal hybrids of B73/Mo17 and Zheng58/Chang7-2 after silking, and all the hybrids displayed larger leaf areas and higher stems with higher yields. Our time-course transcriptome analysis identified 2,826 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two parental lines (PP-DEGs) and 2,328 DEGs between parental lines and the hybrid (PH-DEGs) after silking. Notably, several senescence promoting genes (ZmNYE1, ZmORE1, ZmWRKY53 and ZmPIFs) exhibited underdominant expression patterns in the hybrid, whereas putative photosynthesis and carbon-fixation (ZmPEPC)-associated, starch biosynthetic (ZmAPS1, ZmAPL), gibberellin biosynthetic genes (ZmGA20OX, ZmGA3OX) expressed overdominantly. We also identified 86 transcription factors from PH-DEGs, some of which were known to regulate senescence, stress and metabolic processes. Collectively, we demonstrate a molecular association of the regulations of both ear leaf senescence/stress response and photosynthesis/metabolism with heterosis at the late developmental stage. This finding not only extends our understanding to the molecular basis of maize heterosis but also provides basic information for molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xianjie Tan
- Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Li Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lanqiu Qin
- Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Weidong Cheng
- Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ji Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Benke Kuai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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226
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Zhang Q, Bartels D. Physiological factors determine the accumulation of D-glycero-D-ido-octulose (D-g-D-i-oct) in the desiccation tolerant resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:684-694. [PMID: 32480496 DOI: 10.1071/fp15278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the accumulation of D-glycero-D-ido-octulose (D-g-D-i-oct) and sucrose and desiccation tolerance was analysed in leaves of Craterostigma plantagineum Hochst. in various conditions. The D-g-D-i-oct level is strictly controlled in C. plantagienum. Light is an important factor enhancing D-g-D-i-oct synthesis when exogenous sucrose is supplied. Desiccation tolerance is lost during natural senescence and during sugar starvation that leads to senescence. The differences in expression patterns of senescence-related genes and the carbohydrate status between vigorous and senescent plants indicate that desiccation tolerance and accumulation of octulose in C. plantagineum is dependent on the developmental stage. Sucrose synthesis is affected more by dehydration than by senescence. D-g-D-i-oct has superior hydroxyl scavenging ability to other common sugars accumulating in C. plantagineum. In the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) D-g-D-i-oct levels decreased, probably as a defence reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dorothea Bartels
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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227
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Yang J, Worley E, Ma Q, Li J, Torres‐Jerez I, Li G, Zhao PX, Xu Y, Tang Y, Udvardi M. Nitrogen remobilization and conservation, and underlying senescence-associated gene expression in the perennial switchgrass Panicum virgatum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:75-89. [PMID: 26935010 PMCID: PMC6680227 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Improving nitrogen (N) remobilization from aboveground to underground organs during yearly shoot senescence is an important goal for sustainable production of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) as a biofuel crop. Little is known about the genetic control of senescence and N use efficiency in perennial grasses such as switchgrass, which limits our ability to improve the process. Switchgrass aboveground organs (leaves, stems and inflorescences) and underground organs (crowns and roots) were harvested every month over a 3-yr period. Transcriptome analysis was performed to identify genes differentially expressed in various organs during development. Total N content in aboveground organs increased from spring until the end of summer, then decreased concomitant with senescence, while N content in underground organs exhibited an increase roughly matching the decrease in shoot N during fall. Hundreds of senescence-associated genes were identified in leaves and stems. Functional grouping indicated that regulation of transcription and protein degradation play important roles in shoot senescence. Coexpression networks predict important roles for five switchgrass NAC (NAM, ATAF1,2, CUC2) transcription factors (TFs) and other TF family members in orchestrating metabolism of carbohydrates, N and lipids, protein modification/degradation, and transport processes during senescence. This study establishes a molecular basis for understanding and enhancing N remobilization and conservation in switchgrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiading Yang
- Plant Biology Divisionthe Samuel Roberts Noble FoundationArdmoreOK73401USA
- BioEnergy Sciences Center (BESC)Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Eric Worley
- Plant Biology Divisionthe Samuel Roberts Noble FoundationArdmoreOK73401USA
- BioEnergy Sciences Center (BESC)Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Plant ScienceSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD57007USA
| | - Jun Li
- Plant Biology Divisionthe Samuel Roberts Noble FoundationArdmoreOK73401USA
| | - Ivone Torres‐Jerez
- Plant Biology Divisionthe Samuel Roberts Noble FoundationArdmoreOK73401USA
| | - Gaoyang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Patrick X. Zhao
- Plant Biology Divisionthe Samuel Roberts Noble FoundationArdmoreOK73401USA
| | - Ying Xu
- BioEnergy Sciences Center (BESC)Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Yuhong Tang
- Plant Biology Divisionthe Samuel Roberts Noble FoundationArdmoreOK73401USA
- BioEnergy Sciences Center (BESC)Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Michael Udvardi
- Plant Biology Divisionthe Samuel Roberts Noble FoundationArdmoreOK73401USA
- BioEnergy Sciences Center (BESC)Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
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228
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Xu H, Watanabe KA, Zhang L, Shen QJ. WRKY transcription factor genes in wild rice Oryza nivara. DNA Res 2016; 23:311-23. [PMID: 27345721 PMCID: PMC4991837 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsw025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factor family is one of the largest gene families involved in plant development and stress response. Although many WRKY genes have been studied in cultivated rice (Oryza sativa), the WRKY genes in the wild rice species Oryza nivara, the direct progenitor of O. sativa, have not been studied. O. nivara shows abundant genetic diversity and elite drought and disease resistance features. Herein, a total of 97 O. nivara WRKY (OnWRKY) genes were identified. RNA-sequencing demonstrates that OnWRKY genes were generally expressed at higher levels in the roots of 30-day-old plants. Bioinformatic analyses suggest that most of OnWRKY genes could be induced by salicylic acid, abscisic acid, and drought. Abundant potential MAPK phosphorylation sites in OnWRKYs suggest that activities of most OnWRKYs can be regulated by phosphorylation. Phylogenetic analyses of OnWRKYs support a novel hypothesis that ancient group IIc OnWRKYs were the original ancestors of only some group IIc and group III WRKYs. The analyses also offer strong support that group IIc OnWRKYs containing the HVE sequence in their zinc finger motifs were derived from group Ia WRKYs. This study provides a solid foundation for the study of the evolution and functions of WRKY genes in O. nivara.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjian Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Kenneth A Watanabe
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Qingxi J Shen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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229
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Moschen S, Higgins J, Di Rienzo JA, Heinz RA, Paniego N, Fernandez P. Network and biosignature analysis for the integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic data to characterize leaf senescence process in sunflower. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17 Suppl 5:174. [PMID: 27295368 PMCID: PMC4905614 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, high throughput technologies have led to an increase of datasets from omics disciplines allowing the understanding of the complex regulatory networks associated with biological processes. Leaf senescence is a complex mechanism controlled by multiple genetic and environmental variables, which has a strong impact on crop yield. Transcription factors (TFs) are key proteins in the regulation of gene expression, regulating different signaling pathways; their function is crucial for triggering and/or regulating different aspects of the leaf senescence process. The study of TF interactions and their integration with metabolic profiles under different developmental conditions, especially for a non-model organism such as sunflower, will open new insights into the details of gene regulation of leaf senescence. Results Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) and BioSignature Discoverer (BioSD, Gnosis Data Analysis, Heraklion, Greece) were used to integrate transcriptomic and metabolomic data. WGCNA allowed the detection of 10 metabolites and 13 TFs whereas BioSD allowed the detection of 1 metabolite and 6 TFs as potential biomarkers. The comparative analysis demonstrated that three transcription factors were detected through both methodologies, highlighting them as potentially robust biomarkers associated with leaf senescence in sunflower. Conclusions The complementary use of network and BioSignature Discoverer analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data provided a useful tool for identifying candidate genes and metabolites which may have a role during the triggering and development of the leaf senescence process. The WGCNA tool allowed us to design and test a hypothetical network in order to infer relationships across selected transcription factor and metabolite candidate biomarkers involved in leaf senescence, whereas BioSignature Discoverer selected transcripts and metabolites which discriminate between different ages of sunflower plants. The methodology presented here would help to elucidate and predict novel networks and potential biomarkers of leaf senescence in sunflower. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-016-1045-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Moschen
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Janet Higgins
- The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Julio A Di Rienzo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ruth A Heinz
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norma Paniego
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Fernandez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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230
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Yin XR, Xie XL, Xia XJ, Yu JQ, Ferguson IB, Giovannoni JJ, Chen KS. Involvement of an ethylene response factor in chlorophyll degradation during citrus fruit degreening. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 86:403-12. [PMID: 27037684 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll degradation naturally occurs during plant senescence. However, in fruit such as citrus, it is a positive characteristic, as degreening is an important colour development contributing to fruit quality. In the present work, Citrus sinensis Osbeck, cv. Newhall fruit was used as a model for chlorophyll degradation. An ethylene response factor, CitERF13, was isolated and its transcriptional changes were closely correlated with fruit peel degreening during development or in response to ethylene. Dual-luciferase and yeast one-hybrid assays, as well as motif mutation, indicated that CitERF13 directly binds to the CitPPH promoter and enhances its activity. Transient and stable over-expression of CitERF13 resulted in rapid chlorophyll degradation in Nicotiana tabacum leaves and led to accumulation of pheophorbide (Pheide) a, a metabolite of pheophorbide hydrolase (PPH). Similar results were observed from transient transformation of CitERF13 in citrus fruit peel. Moreover, this function of CitERF13 was conserved within Arabidopsis and tomato, as the homologs AtERF17 and SlERF16 similarly acted as activators of PPH genes and accelerators of chlorophyll degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ren Yin
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Lan Xie
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jian Xia
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Quan Yu
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ian B Ferguson
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag, 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James J Giovannoni
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- US Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service, Robert W. Holley Centre for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kun-Song Chen
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
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231
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Su M, Huang G, Zhang Q, Wang X, Li C, Tao Y, Zhang S, Lai J, Yang C, Wang Y. The LEA protein, ABR, is regulated by ABI5 and involved in dark-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 247:93-103. [PMID: 27095403 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) modulates plant growth and developmental processes such as leaf senescence. In this study, we investigated the role of the Arabidopsis late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein ABR (ABA-response protein) in delaying dark-induced leaf senescence. The ABR gene was up-regulated by treatment with ABA, NaCl and mannitol, as well as by light deprivation. In the dark, abr mutant plants displayed a premature leaf senescence phenotype, and various senescence-associated indicators, such as an increase in chlorophyll degradation and membrane leakiness, were enhanced, whereas 35S:ABR/abr transgenic lines showed a marked delay in dark-induced leaf senescence phenotypes. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that ABI5 bind to the ABR promoter, indicating that ABI5 directly regulates the expression of ABR. The disruption of ABI5 function in abr abi5-1 plants abolished the senescence-accelerating phenotype of the abr mutant, demonstrating that ABI5 is epistatic to ABR. In summary, these results highlight the important role that ABR, which is negatively regulated by ABI5, plays in delaying dark-induced leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
| | - Gan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
| | - Chunxin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
| | - Yujin Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
| | - Shengchun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
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232
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Zhang H, Zhao M, Song Q, Zhao L, Wang G, Zhou C. Identification and function analyses of senescence-associated WRKYs in wheat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 474:761-767. [PMID: 27166153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a positive, highly regulated, complex process, and transcription factors play important roles in the regulation of this process. We identified and characterized 116 WRKYs from the wheat genome database. Thirteen TaWRKYs were confirmed as senescence-associated genes. We focused on TaWRKY7, which is up-regulated in the natural leaf senescence process. TaWRKY7 is expressed in different tissues of wheat and is localized in the nucleus. It shows transcriptional activation activity in yeast cells. The ectopic over-expression of TaWRKY7 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) significantly promoted early leaf senescence under darkness treatment and prevented leaf moisture losses. TaWRKY7 played important roles in the senescence process and was involved in abiotic stress responses. Our transcriptomic and genetic studies on WRKYs suggest that WRKY transcription factors are a type of vital regulator in leaf senescence in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoshan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024 PR China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024 PR China
| | - Qiuhang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024 PR China
| | - Lifeng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024 PR China
| | - Geng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024 PR China
| | - Chunjiang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024 PR China.
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233
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Woo HR, Koo HJ, Kim J, Jeong H, Yang JO, Lee IH, Jun JH, Choi SH, Park SJ, Kang B, Kim YW, Phee BK, Kim JH, Seo C, Park C, Kim SC, Park S, Lee B, Lee S, Hwang D, Nam HG, Lim PO. Programming of Plant Leaf Senescence with Temporal and Inter-Organellar Coordination of Transcriptome in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:452-67. [PMID: 26966169 PMCID: PMC4854694 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaves, harvesting light energy and fixing CO2, are a major source of foods on the earth. Leaves undergo developmental and physiological shifts during their lifespan, ending with senescence and death. We characterized the key regulatory features of the leaf transcriptome during aging by analyzing total- and small-RNA transcriptomes throughout the lifespan of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves at multidimensions, including age, RNA-type, and organelle. Intriguingly, senescing leaves showed more coordinated temporal changes in transcriptomes than growing leaves, with sophisticated regulatory networks comprising transcription factors and diverse small regulatory RNAs. The chloroplast transcriptome, but not the mitochondrial transcriptome, showed major changes during leaf aging, with a strongly shared expression pattern of nuclear transcripts encoding chloroplast-targeted proteins. Thus, unlike animal aging, leaf senescence proceeds with tight temporal and distinct interorganellar coordination of various transcriptomes that would be critical for the highly regulated degeneration and nutrient recycling contributing to plant fitness and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryun Woo
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.R.W., D.H., H.G.N., P.O.L.);Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.K., H.J., I.H.L., S.H.C., S.J.P., B.K., Y.W.K., B.-K.P., J.H.K., D.H., H.G.N.);School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (H.J.K.);Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.O.Y., S.C.K., S.P., B.L.);Division of Molecular Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (I.H.L., J.H.J., S.H.C.);Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnologies, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (S.J.P.);DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.S.); andEwha Research Center for Systems Biology and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.P., S.L.)
| | - Hee Jung Koo
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.R.W., D.H., H.G.N., P.O.L.);Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.K., H.J., I.H.L., S.H.C., S.J.P., B.K., Y.W.K., B.-K.P., J.H.K., D.H., H.G.N.);School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (H.J.K.);Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.O.Y., S.C.K., S.P., B.L.);Division of Molecular Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (I.H.L., J.H.J., S.H.C.);Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnologies, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (S.J.P.);DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.S.); andEwha Research Center for Systems Biology and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.P., S.L.)
| | - Jeongsik Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.R.W., D.H., H.G.N., P.O.L.);Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.K., H.J., I.H.L., S.H.C., S.J.P., B.K., Y.W.K., B.-K.P., J.H.K., D.H., H.G.N.);School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (H.J.K.);Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.O.Y., S.C.K., S.P., B.L.);Division of Molecular Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (I.H.L., J.H.J., S.H.C.);Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnologies, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (S.J.P.);DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.S.); andEwha Research Center for Systems Biology and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.P., S.L.)
| | - Hyobin Jeong
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.R.W., D.H., H.G.N., P.O.L.);Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.K., H.J., I.H.L., S.H.C., S.J.P., B.K., Y.W.K., B.-K.P., J.H.K., D.H., H.G.N.);School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (H.J.K.);Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.O.Y., S.C.K., S.P., B.L.);Division of Molecular Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (I.H.L., J.H.J., S.H.C.);Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnologies, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (S.J.P.);DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.S.); andEwha Research Center for Systems Biology and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.P., S.L.)
| | - Jin Ok Yang
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.R.W., D.H., H.G.N., P.O.L.);Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.K., H.J., I.H.L., S.H.C., S.J.P., B.K., Y.W.K., B.-K.P., J.H.K., D.H., H.G.N.);School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (H.J.K.);Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.O.Y., S.C.K., S.P., B.L.);Division of Molecular Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (I.H.L., J.H.J., S.H.C.);Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnologies, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (S.J.P.);DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.S.); andEwha Research Center for Systems Biology and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.P., S.L.)
| | - Il Hwan Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.R.W., D.H., H.G.N., P.O.L.);Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.K., H.J., I.H.L., S.H.C., S.J.P., B.K., Y.W.K., B.-K.P., J.H.K., D.H., H.G.N.);School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (H.J.K.);Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.O.Y., S.C.K., S.P., B.L.);Division of Molecular Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (I.H.L., J.H.J., S.H.C.);Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnologies, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (S.J.P.);DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.S.); andEwha Research Center for Systems Biology and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.P., S.L.)
| | - Ji Hyung Jun
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.R.W., D.H., H.G.N., P.O.L.);Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.K., H.J., I.H.L., S.H.C., S.J.P., B.K., Y.W.K., B.-K.P., J.H.K., D.H., H.G.N.);School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (H.J.K.);Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.O.Y., S.C.K., S.P., B.L.);Division of Molecular Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (I.H.L., J.H.J., S.H.C.);Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnologies, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (S.J.P.);DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.S.); andEwha Research Center for Systems Biology and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.P., S.L.)
| | - Seung Hee Choi
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.R.W., D.H., H.G.N., P.O.L.);Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.K., H.J., I.H.L., S.H.C., S.J.P., B.K., Y.W.K., B.-K.P., J.H.K., D.H., H.G.N.);School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (H.J.K.);Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.O.Y., S.C.K., S.P., B.L.);Division of Molecular Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (I.H.L., J.H.J., S.H.C.);Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnologies, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (S.J.P.);DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.S.); andEwha Research Center for Systems Biology and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.P., S.L.)
| | - Su Jin Park
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.R.W., D.H., H.G.N., P.O.L.);Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.K., H.J., I.H.L., S.H.C., S.J.P., B.K., Y.W.K., B.-K.P., J.H.K., D.H., H.G.N.);School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (H.J.K.);Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.O.Y., S.C.K., S.P., B.L.);Division of Molecular Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (I.H.L., J.H.J., S.H.C.);Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnologies, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (S.J.P.);DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.S.); andEwha Research Center for Systems Biology and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.P., S.L.)
| | - Byeongsoo Kang
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.R.W., D.H., H.G.N., P.O.L.);Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.K., H.J., I.H.L., S.H.C., S.J.P., B.K., Y.W.K., B.-K.P., J.H.K., D.H., H.G.N.);School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (H.J.K.);Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.O.Y., S.C.K., S.P., B.L.);Division of Molecular Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (I.H.L., J.H.J., S.H.C.);Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnologies, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (S.J.P.);DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.S.); andEwha Research Center for Systems Biology and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.P., S.L.)
| | - You Wang Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.R.W., D.H., H.G.N., P.O.L.);Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.K., H.J., I.H.L., S.H.C., S.J.P., B.K., Y.W.K., B.-K.P., J.H.K., D.H., H.G.N.);School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (H.J.K.);Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.O.Y., S.C.K., S.P., B.L.);Division of Molecular Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (I.H.L., J.H.J., S.H.C.);Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnologies, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (S.J.P.);DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.S.); andEwha Research Center for Systems Biology and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.P., S.L.)
| | - Bong-Kwan Phee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.R.W., D.H., H.G.N., P.O.L.);Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.K., H.J., I.H.L., S.H.C., S.J.P., B.K., Y.W.K., B.-K.P., J.H.K., D.H., H.G.N.);School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (H.J.K.);Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.O.Y., S.C.K., S.P., B.L.);Division of Molecular Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (I.H.L., J.H.J., S.H.C.);Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnologies, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (S.J.P.);DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.S.); andEwha Research Center for Systems Biology and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.P., S.L.)
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.R.W., D.H., H.G.N., P.O.L.);Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.K., H.J., I.H.L., S.H.C., S.J.P., B.K., Y.W.K., B.-K.P., J.H.K., D.H., H.G.N.);School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (H.J.K.);Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.O.Y., S.C.K., S.P., B.L.);Division of Molecular Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (I.H.L., J.H.J., S.H.C.);Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnologies, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (S.J.P.);DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.S.); andEwha Research Center for Systems Biology and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.P., S.L.)
| | - Chaehwa Seo
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.R.W., D.H., H.G.N., P.O.L.);Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.K., H.J., I.H.L., S.H.C., S.J.P., B.K., Y.W.K., B.-K.P., J.H.K., D.H., H.G.N.);School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (H.J.K.);Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.O.Y., S.C.K., S.P., B.L.);Division of Molecular Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (I.H.L., J.H.J., S.H.C.);Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnologies, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (S.J.P.);DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.S.); andEwha Research Center for Systems Biology and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.P., S.L.)
| | - Charny Park
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.R.W., D.H., H.G.N., P.O.L.);Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.K., H.J., I.H.L., S.H.C., S.J.P., B.K., Y.W.K., B.-K.P., J.H.K., D.H., H.G.N.);School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (H.J.K.);Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.O.Y., S.C.K., S.P., B.L.);Division of Molecular Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (I.H.L., J.H.J., S.H.C.);Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnologies, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (S.J.P.);DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.S.); andEwha Research Center for Systems Biology and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.P., S.L.)
| | - Sang Cheol Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.R.W., D.H., H.G.N., P.O.L.);Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.K., H.J., I.H.L., S.H.C., S.J.P., B.K., Y.W.K., B.-K.P., J.H.K., D.H., H.G.N.);School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (H.J.K.);Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.O.Y., S.C.K., S.P., B.L.);Division of Molecular Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (I.H.L., J.H.J., S.H.C.);Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnologies, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (S.J.P.);DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.S.); andEwha Research Center for Systems Biology and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.P., S.L.)
| | - Seongjin Park
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.R.W., D.H., H.G.N., P.O.L.);Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.K., H.J., I.H.L., S.H.C., S.J.P., B.K., Y.W.K., B.-K.P., J.H.K., D.H., H.G.N.);School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (H.J.K.);Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.O.Y., S.C.K., S.P., B.L.);Division of Molecular Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (I.H.L., J.H.J., S.H.C.);Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnologies, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (S.J.P.);DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.S.); andEwha Research Center for Systems Biology and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.P., S.L.)
| | - Byungwook Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.R.W., D.H., H.G.N., P.O.L.);Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.K., H.J., I.H.L., S.H.C., S.J.P., B.K., Y.W.K., B.-K.P., J.H.K., D.H., H.G.N.);School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (H.J.K.);Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.O.Y., S.C.K., S.P., B.L.);Division of Molecular Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (I.H.L., J.H.J., S.H.C.);Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnologies, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (S.J.P.);DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.S.); andEwha Research Center for Systems Biology and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.P., S.L.)
| | - Sanghyuk Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.R.W., D.H., H.G.N., P.O.L.);Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.K., H.J., I.H.L., S.H.C., S.J.P., B.K., Y.W.K., B.-K.P., J.H.K., D.H., H.G.N.);School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (H.J.K.);Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.O.Y., S.C.K., S.P., B.L.);Division of Molecular Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (I.H.L., J.H.J., S.H.C.);Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnologies, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (S.J.P.);DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.S.); andEwha Research Center for Systems Biology and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.P., S.L.)
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.R.W., D.H., H.G.N., P.O.L.);Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.K., H.J., I.H.L., S.H.C., S.J.P., B.K., Y.W.K., B.-K.P., J.H.K., D.H., H.G.N.);School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (H.J.K.);Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.O.Y., S.C.K., S.P., B.L.);Division of Molecular Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (I.H.L., J.H.J., S.H.C.);Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnologies, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (S.J.P.);DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.S.); andEwha Research Center for Systems Biology and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.P., S.L.)
| | - Hong Gil Nam
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.R.W., D.H., H.G.N., P.O.L.);Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.K., H.J., I.H.L., S.H.C., S.J.P., B.K., Y.W.K., B.-K.P., J.H.K., D.H., H.G.N.);School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (H.J.K.);Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.O.Y., S.C.K., S.P., B.L.);Division of Molecular Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (I.H.L., J.H.J., S.H.C.);Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnologies, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (S.J.P.);DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.S.); andEwha Research Center for Systems Biology and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.P., S.L.)
| | - Pyung Ok Lim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.R.W., D.H., H.G.N., P.O.L.);Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.K., H.J., I.H.L., S.H.C., S.J.P., B.K., Y.W.K., B.-K.P., J.H.K., D.H., H.G.N.);School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (H.J.K.);Korean Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.O.Y., S.C.K., S.P., B.L.);Division of Molecular Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (I.H.L., J.H.J., S.H.C.);Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnologies, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea (S.J.P.);DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.S.); andEwha Research Center for Systems Biology and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.P., S.L.)
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234
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Kumar K, Srivastava V, Purayannur S, Kaladhar VC, Cheruvu PJ, Verma PK. WRKY domain-encoding genes of a crop legume chickpea (Cicer arietinum): comparative analysis with Medicago truncatula WRKY family and characterization of group-III gene(s). DNA Res 2016; 23:225-39. [PMID: 27060167 PMCID: PMC4909309 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsw010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The WRKY genes have been identified as important transcriptional modulators predominantly during the environmental stresses, but they also play critical role at various stages of plant life cycle. We report the identification of WRKY domain (WD)-encoding genes from galegoid clade legumes chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and barrel medic (Medicago truncatula). In total, 78 and 98 WD-encoding genes were found in chickpea and barrel medic, respectively. Comparative analysis suggests the presence of both conserved and unique WRKYs, and expansion of WRKY family in M. truncatula primarily by tandem duplication. Exclusively found in galegoid legumes, CaWRKY16 and its orthologues encode for a novel protein having a transmembrane and partial Exo70 domains flanking a group-III WD. Genomic region of galegoids, having CaWRKY16, is more dynamic when compared with millettioids. In onion cells, fused CaWRKY16-EYFP showed punctate fluorescent signals in cytoplasm. The chickpea WRKY group-III genes were further characterized for their transcript level modulation during pathogenic stress and treatments of abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid (SA) by real-time PCR. Differential regulation of genes was observed during Ascochyta rabiei infection and SA treatment. Characterization of A. rabiei and SA inducible gene CaWRKY50 showed that it localizes to plant nucleus, binds to W-box, and have a C-terminal transactivation domain. Overexpression of CaWRKY50 in tobacco plants resulted in early flowering and senescence. The in-depth comparative account presented here for two legume WRKY genes will be of great utility in hastening functional characterization of crop legume WRKYs and will also help in characterization of Exo70Js.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Kumar
- Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vikas Srivastava
- Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Savithri Purayannur
- Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - V Chandra Kaladhar
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Purnima Jaiswal Cheruvu
- Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Verma
- Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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235
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Jiang Y, Guo L, Liu R, Jiao B, Zhao X, Ling Z, Luo K. Overexpression of Poplar PtrWRKY89 in Transgenic Arabidopsis Leads to a Reduction of Disease Resistance by Regulating Defense-Related Genes in Salicylate- and Jasmonate-Dependent Signaling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149137. [PMID: 27019084 PMCID: PMC4809744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) play key roles in plant defenses against pathogens and several WRKY transcription factors have been shown to have a role in SA/JA crosstalk. In a previous study, overexpression of the poplar WRKY gene PtrWRKY89 enhanced resistance to pathogens in transgenic poplars. In this study, the promoter of PtrWRKY89 (ProPtrWRKY89) was isolated and used to drive GUS reporter gene. High GUS activity was observed in old leaves of transgenic Arabidopsis containing ProPtrWRKY89-GUS construct and GUS expression was extremely induced by SA solution and SA+MeJA mixture but not by MeJA treatment. Subcellular localization and transactivation assays showed that PtrWRKY89 acted as a transcription activator in the nucleus. Constitutive expression of PtrWRKY89 in Arabidopsis resulted in more susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea compared to wild-type plants. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis confirmed that marker genes of SA and JA pathways were down-regulated in transgenic Arabidopsis after pathogen inoculations. Overall, our results indicated that PtrWRKY89 modulates a cross talk in resistance to P. syringe and B. cinerea by negatively regulating both SA and JA pathways in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- State Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Li Guo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhengyi Ling
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 810008, Xining, China
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236
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Chen M, Tan Q, Sun M, Li D, Fu X, Chen X, Xiao W, Li L, Gao D. Genome-wide identification of WRKY family genes in peach and analysis of WRKY expression during bud dormancy. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:1319-32. [PMID: 26951048 PMCID: PMC4875958 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bud dormancy in deciduous fruit trees is an important adaptive mechanism for their survival in cold climates. The WRKY genes participate in several developmental and physiological processes, including dormancy. However, the dormancy mechanisms of WRKY genes have not been studied in detail. We conducted a genome-wide analysis and identified 58 WRKY genes in peach. These putative genes were located on all eight chromosomes. In bioinformatics analyses, we compared the sequences of WRKY genes from peach, rice, and Arabidopsis. In a cluster analysis, the gene sequences formed three groups, of which group II was further divided into five subgroups. Gene structure was highly conserved within each group, especially in groups IId and III. Gene expression analyses by qRT-PCR showed that WRKY genes showed different expression patterns in peach buds during dormancy. The mean expression levels of six WRKY genes (Prupe.6G286000, Prupe.1G393000, Prupe.1G114800, Prupe.1G071400, Prupe.2G185100, and Prupe.2G307400) increased during endodormancy and decreased during ecodormancy, indicating that these six WRKY genes may play a role in dormancy in a perennial fruit tree. This information will be useful for selecting fruit trees with desirable dormancy characteristics or for manipulating dormancy in genetic engineering programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Qiuping Tan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Mingyue Sun
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xiling Fu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xiude Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China. .,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Dongsheng Gao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China. .,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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237
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Zou Z, Yang L, Wang D, Huang Q, Mo Y, Xie G. Gene Structures, Evolution and Transcriptional Profiling of the WRKY Gene Family in Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148243. [PMID: 26849139 PMCID: PMC4743969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
WRKY proteins comprise one of the largest transcription factor families in plants and form key regulators of many plant processes. This study presents the characterization of 58 WRKY genes from the castor bean (Ricinus communis L., Euphorbiaceae) genome. Compared with the automatic genome annotation, one more WRKY-encoding locus was identified and 20 out of the 57 predicted gene models were manually corrected. All RcWRKY genes were shown to contain at least one intron in their coding sequences. According to the structural features of the present WRKY domains, the identified RcWRKY genes were assigned to three previously defined groups (I-III). Although castor bean underwent no recent whole-genome duplication event like physic nut (Jatropha curcas L., Euphorbiaceae), comparative genomics analysis indicated that one gene loss, one intron loss and one recent proximal duplication occurred in the RcWRKY gene family. The expression of all 58 RcWRKY genes was supported by ESTs and/or RNA sequencing reads derived from roots, leaves, flowers, seeds and endosperms. Further global expression profiles with RNA sequencing data revealed diverse expression patterns among various tissues. Results obtained from this study not only provide valuable information for future functional analysis and utilization of the castor bean WRKY genes, but also provide a useful reference to investigate the gene family expansion and evolution in Euphorbiaceus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zou
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Lifu Yang
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Danhua Wang
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Qixing Huang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Yeyong Mo
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Guishui Xie
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, P. R. China
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238
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Moschen S, Bengoa Luoni S, Di Rienzo JA, Caro MDP, Tohge T, Watanabe M, Hollmann J, González S, Rivarola M, García-García F, Dopazo J, Hopp HE, Hoefgen R, Fernie AR, Paniego N, Fernández P, Heinz RA. Integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis to understand natural leaf senescence in sunflower. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:719-34. [PMID: 26132509 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a complex process, which has dramatic consequences on crop yield. In sunflower, gap between potential and actual yields reveals the economic impact of senescence. Indeed, sunflower plants are incapable of maintaining their green leaf area over sustained periods. This study characterizes the leaf senescence process in sunflower through a systems biology approach integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses: plants being grown under both glasshouse and field conditions. Our results revealed a correspondence between profile changes detected at the molecular, biochemical and physiological level throughout the progression of leaf senescence measured at different plant developmental stages. Early metabolic changes were detected prior to anthesis and before the onset of the first senescence symptoms, with more pronounced changes observed when physiological and molecular variables were assessed under field conditions. During leaf development, photosynthetic activity and cell growth processes decreased, whereas sucrose, fatty acid, nucleotide and amino acid metabolisms increased. Pathways related to nutrient recycling processes were also up-regulated. Members of the NAC, AP2-EREBP, HB, bZIP and MYB transcription factor families showed high expression levels, and their expression level was highly correlated, suggesting their involvement in sunflower senescence. The results of this study thus contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of leaf senescence in sunflower leaves as well as to the identification of candidate genes involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Moschen
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Bengoa Luoni
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Argentina
| | - Julio A Di Rienzo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Del Pilar Caro
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Julien Hollmann
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sergio González
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Máximo Rivarola
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco García-García
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, España
- Functional Genomics Node, National Institute of Bioinformatics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, España
| | - Joaquin Dopazo
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, España
- Functional Genomics Node, National Institute of Bioinformatics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, España
| | - Horacio Esteban Hopp
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Norma Paniego
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Fernández
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Argentina
| | - Ruth A Heinz
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Phukan UJ, Jeena GS, Shukla RK. WRKY Transcription Factors: Molecular Regulation and Stress Responses in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:760. [PMID: 27375634 PMCID: PMC4891567 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants in their natural habitat have to face multiple stresses simultaneously. Evolutionary adaptation of developmental, physiological, and biochemical parameters give advantage over a single window of stress but not multiple. On the other hand transcription factors like WRKY can regulate diverse responses through a complicated network of genes. So molecular orchestration of WRKYs in plant may provide the most anticipated outcome of simultaneous multiple responses. Activation or repression through W-box and W-box like sequences is regulated at transcriptional, translational, and domain level. Because of the tight regulation involved in specific recognition and binding of WRKYs to downstream promoters, they have become promising candidate for crop improvement. Epigenetic, retrograde and proteasome mediated regulation enable WRKYs to attain the dynamic cellular homeostatic reprograming. Overexpression of several WRKYs face the paradox of having several beneficial affects but with some unwanted traits. These overexpression-associated undesirable phenotypes need to be identified and removed for proper growth, development and yeild. Taken together, we have highlighted the diverse regulation and multiple stress response of WRKYs in plants along with the future prospects in this field of research.
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240
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Yousfi FE, Makhloufi E, Marande W, Ghorbel AW, Bouzayen M, Bergès H. Comparative Analysis of WRKY Genes Potentially Involved in Salt Stress Responses in Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:2034. [PMID: 28197152 PMCID: PMC5281569 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors are involved in multiple aspects of plant growth, development and responses to biotic stresses. Although they have been found to play roles in regulating plant responses to environmental stresses, these roles still need to be explored, especially those pertaining to crops. Durum wheat is the second most widely produced cereal in the world. Complex, large and unsequenced genomes, in addition to a lack of genomic resources, hinder the molecular characterization of tolerance mechanisms. This paper describes the isolation and characterization of five TdWRKY genes from durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum). A PCR-based screening of a T. turgidum BAC genomic library using primers within the conserved region of WRKY genes resulted in the isolation of five BAC clones. Following sequencing fully the five BACs, fine annotation through Triannot pipeline revealed 74.6% of the entire sequences as transposable elements and a 3.2% gene content with genes organized as islands within oceans of TEs. Each BAC clone harbored a TdWRKY gene. The study showed a very extensive conservation of genomic structure between TdWRKYs and their orthologs from Brachypodium, barley, and T. aestivum. The structural features of TdWRKY proteins suggested that they are novel members of the WRKY family in durum wheat. TdWRKY1/2/4, TdWRKY3, and TdWRKY5 belong to the group Ia, IIa, and IIc, respectively. Enrichment of cis-regulatory elements related to stress responses in the promoters of some TdWRKY genes indicated their potential roles in mediating plant responses to a wide variety of environmental stresses. TdWRKY genes displayed different expression patterns in response to salt stress that distinguishes two durum wheat genotypes with contrasting salt stress tolerance phenotypes. TdWRKY genes tended to react earlier with a down-regulation in sensitive genotype leaves and with an up-regulation in tolerant genotype leaves. The TdWRKY transcripts levels in roots increased in tolerant genotype compared to sensitive genotype. The present results indicate that these genes might play some functional role in the salt tolerance in durum wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma-Ezzahra Yousfi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Borj Cedria Science and Technology ParkHammam-lif, Tunisia
- Centre National de Ressources Genomiques Vegetales, French Plant Genomic Center, INRA–CNRGVCastanet-Tolosan, France
- INRA, UMR990 Genomique et Biotechnologie des FruitsCastanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Emna Makhloufi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Borj Cedria Science and Technology ParkHammam-lif, Tunisia
- Centre National de Ressources Genomiques Vegetales, French Plant Genomic Center, INRA–CNRGVCastanet-Tolosan, France
- INRA, UMR990 Genomique et Biotechnologie des FruitsCastanet-Tolosan, France
- INPT, Laboratoire de Genomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, University of ToulouseCastanet-Tolosan, France
| | - William Marande
- Centre National de Ressources Genomiques Vegetales, French Plant Genomic Center, INRA–CNRGVCastanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Abdel W. Ghorbel
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Borj Cedria Science and Technology ParkHammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- INRA, UMR990 Genomique et Biotechnologie des FruitsCastanet-Tolosan, France
- INPT, Laboratoire de Genomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, University of ToulouseCastanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Hélène Bergès
- Centre National de Ressources Genomiques Vegetales, French Plant Genomic Center, INRA–CNRGVCastanet-Tolosan, France
- *Correspondence: Hélène Bergès
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241
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Galsurker O, Doron-Faigenboim A, Teper-Bamnolker P, Daus A, Fridman Y, Lers A, Eshel D. Cellular and Molecular Changes Associated with Onion Skin Formation Suggest Involvement of Programmed Cell Death. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:2031. [PMID: 28119713 PMCID: PMC5220068 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Skin formation of onion (Allium cepa L.) bulb involves scale desiccation accompanied by scale senescence, resulting in cell death and tissue browning. Understanding the mechanism of skin formation is essential to improving onion skin and bulb qualities. Although onion skin plays a crucial role in postharvest onion storage and shelf life, its formation is poorly understood. We investigated the mode of cell death in the outermost scales that are destined to form the onion skin. Surprisingly, fluorescein diacetate staining and scanning electron microscopy indicated that the outer scale desiccates from the inside out. This striking observation suggests that cell death in the outer scales, during skin formation, is an internal and organized process that does not derive only from air desiccation. DNA fragmentation, a known hallmark of programmed cell death (PCD), was revealed in the outer scales and gradually decreased toward the inner scales of the bulb. Transmission electron microscopy further revealed PCD-related structural alterations in the outer scales which were absent from the inner scales. De novo transcriptome assembly for three different scales: 1st (outer), 5th (intermediate) and 8th (inner) fleshy scales identified 2,542 differentially expressed genes among them. GO enrichment for cluster analysis revealed increasing metabolic processes in the outer senescent scale related to defense response, PCD processes, carbohydrate metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis, whereas increased metabolism and developmental growth processes were identified in the inner scales. High expression levels of PCD-related genes were identified in the outer scale compared to the inner ones, highlighting the involvement of PCD in outer-skin development. These findings suggest that a program to form the dry protective skin exists and functions only in the outer scales of onion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortal Galsurker
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZion, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Field Crops and Vegetables, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Paula Teper-Bamnolker
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Avinoam Daus
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Yael Fridman
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, Edmond Safra Campus (G Ram), The Hebrew UniversityJerusalem, Israel
| | - Amnon Lers
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Dani Eshel
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZion, Israel
- *Correspondence: Dani Eshel,
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242
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Hu L, Ye M, Li R, Zhang T, Zhou G, Wang Q, Lu J, Lou Y. The Rice Transcription Factor WRKY53 Suppresses Herbivore-Induced Defenses by Acting as a Negative Feedback Modulator of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:2907-21. [PMID: 26453434 PMCID: PMC4677900 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which herbivore-attacked plants activate their defenses are well studied. By contrast, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms that allow them to control their defensive investment and avoid a defensive overshoot. We characterized a rice (Oryza sativa) WRKY gene, OsWRKY53, whose expression is rapidly induced upon wounding and induced in a delayed fashion upon attack by the striped stem borer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis. The transcript levels of OsWRKY53 are independent of endogenous jasmonic acid but positively regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinases OsMPK3/OsMPK6. OsWRKY53 physically interacts with OsMPK3/OsMPK6 and suppresses their activity in vitro. By consequence, it modulates the expression of defensive, MPK-regulated WRKYs and thereby reduces jasmonic acid, jasmonoyl-isoleucine, and ethylene induction. This phytohormonal reconfiguration is associated with a reduction in trypsin protease inhibitor activity and improved SSB performance. OsWRKY53 is also shown to be a negative regulator of plant growth. Taken together, these results show that OsWRKY53 functions as a negative feedback modulator of MPK3/MPK6 and thereby acts as an early suppressor of induced defenses. OsWRKY53 therefore enables rice plants to control the magnitude of their defensive investment during early signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (L.H., M.Y., R.L., T.Z., G.Z., Q.W., J.L., Y.L.); andDepartment of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agriculture Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China (G.Z.)
| | - Meng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (L.H., M.Y., R.L., T.Z., G.Z., Q.W., J.L., Y.L.); andDepartment of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agriculture Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China (G.Z.)
| | - Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (L.H., M.Y., R.L., T.Z., G.Z., Q.W., J.L., Y.L.); andDepartment of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agriculture Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China (G.Z.)
| | - Tongfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (L.H., M.Y., R.L., T.Z., G.Z., Q.W., J.L., Y.L.); andDepartment of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agriculture Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China (G.Z.)
| | - Guoxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (L.H., M.Y., R.L., T.Z., G.Z., Q.W., J.L., Y.L.); andDepartment of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agriculture Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China (G.Z.)
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (L.H., M.Y., R.L., T.Z., G.Z., Q.W., J.L., Y.L.); andDepartment of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agriculture Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China (G.Z.)
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (L.H., M.Y., R.L., T.Z., G.Z., Q.W., J.L., Y.L.); andDepartment of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agriculture Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China (G.Z.)
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (L.H., M.Y., R.L., T.Z., G.Z., Q.W., J.L., Y.L.); andDepartment of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agriculture Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China (G.Z.)
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243
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ThWRKY4 from Tamarix hispida Can Form Homodimers and Heterodimers and Is Involved in Abiotic Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:27097-106. [PMID: 26580593 PMCID: PMC4661867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161126009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
WRKY proteins are a large family of transcription factors that are involved in diverse developmental processes and abiotic stress responses in plants. However, our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of WRKYs participation in protein–protein interactions is still fragmentary, and such protein–protein interactions are fundamental in understanding biological networks and the functions of proteins. In this study, we report that a WRKY protein from Tamarix hispida, ThWRKY4, can form both homodimers and heterodimers with ThWRKY2 and ThWRKY3. In addition, ThWRKY2 and ThWRKY3 can both bind to W-box motif with binding affinities similar to that of ThWRKY4. Further, the expression patterns of ThWRKY2 and ThWRKY3 are similar to that of ThWRKY4 when plants are exposed to abscisic acid (ABA). Subcellular localization shows that these three ThWRKY proteins are nuclear proteins. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ThWRKY4 is a dimeric protein that can form functional homodimers or heterodimers that are involved in abiotic stress responses.
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244
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Chu X, Wang C, Chen X, Lu W, Li H, Wang X, Hao L, Guo X. The Cotton WRKY Gene GhWRKY41 Positively Regulates Salt and Drought Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143022. [PMID: 26562293 PMCID: PMC4643055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors constitute a very large family of proteins in plants and participate in modulating plant biological processes, such as growth, development and stress responses. However, the exact roles of WRKY proteins are unclear, particularly in non-model plants. In this study, Gossypium hirsutum WRKY41 (GhWRKY41) was isolated and transformed into Nicotiana benthamiana. Our results showed that overexpression of GhWRKY41 enhanced the drought and salt stress tolerance of transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana. The transgenic plants exhibited lower malondialdehyde content and higher antioxidant enzyme activity, and the expression of antioxidant genes was upregulated in transgenic plants exposed to osmotic stress. A β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining assay showed that GhWRKY41 was highly expressed in the stomata when plants were exposed to osmotic stress, and plants overexpressing GhWRKY41 exhibited enhanced stomatal closure when they were exposed to osmotic stress. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that GhWRKY41 may enhance plant tolerance to stress by functioning as a positive regulator of stoma closure and by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and the expression of antioxidant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Lili Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
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245
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Rinerson CI, Scully ED, Palmer NA, Donze-Reiner T, Rabara RC, Tripathi P, Shen QJ, Sattler SE, Rohila JS, Sarath G, Rushton PJ. The WRKY transcription factor family and senescence in switchgrass. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:912. [PMID: 26552372 PMCID: PMC4640240 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early aerial senescence in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) can significantly limit biomass yields. WRKY transcription factors that can regulate senescence could be used to reprogram senescence and enhance biomass yields. METHODS All potential WRKY genes present in the version 1.0 of the switchgrass genome were identified and curated using manual and bioinformatic methods. Expression profiles of WRKY genes in switchgrass flag leaf RNA-Seq datasets were analyzed using clustering and network analyses tools to identify both WRKY and WRKY-associated gene co-expression networks during leaf development and senescence onset. RESULTS We identified 240 switchgrass WRKY genes including members of the RW5 and RW6 families of resistance proteins. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of the flag leaf transcriptomes across development readily separated clusters of co-expressed genes into thirteen modules. A visualization highlighted separation of modules associated with the early and senescence-onset phases of flag leaf growth. The senescence-associated module contained 3000 genes including 23 WRKYs. Putative promoter regions of senescence-associated WRKY genes contained several cis-element-like sequences suggestive of responsiveness to both senescence and stress signaling pathways. A phylogenetic comparison of senescence-associated WRKY genes from switchgrass flag leaf with senescence-associated WRKY genes from other plants revealed notable hotspots in Group I, IIb, and IIe of the phylogenetic tree. CONCLUSIONS We have identified and named 240 WRKY genes in the switchgrass genome. Twenty three of these genes show elevated mRNA levels during the onset of flag leaf senescence. Eleven of the WRKY genes were found in hotspots of related senescence-associated genes from multiple species and thus represent promising targets for future switchgrass genetic improvement. Overall, individual WRKY gene expression profiles could be readily linked to developmental stages of flag leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles I Rinerson
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Dallas, TX, 75252, USA.
| | - Erin D Scully
- Grain, Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit USDA-ARS UNL, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0937, USA.
| | - Nathan A Palmer
- Grain, Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit USDA-ARS UNL, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0937, USA.
| | - Teresa Donze-Reiner
- Department of Biology, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA, 19382, USA.
| | - Roel C Rabara
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Dallas, TX, 75252, USA.
| | - Prateek Tripathi
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Dana & David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Qingxi J Shen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
| | - Scott E Sattler
- Grain, Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit USDA-ARS UNL, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0937, USA.
| | - Jai S Rohila
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
| | - Gautam Sarath
- Grain, Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit USDA-ARS UNL, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0937, USA.
| | - Paul J Rushton
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Dallas, TX, 75252, USA.
- Current address: 22nd Century Group Inc., Clarence, 14031, New York.
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246
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Gong X, Zhang J, Hu J, Wang W, Wu H, Zhang Q, Liu JH. FcWRKY70, a WRKY protein of Fortunella crassifolia, functions in drought tolerance and modulates putrescine synthesis by regulating arginine decarboxylase gene. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:2248-62. [PMID: 25808564 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
WRKY comprises a large family of transcription factors in plants, but most WRKY members are still poorly understood. In this study, we report functional characterization of a Group III WRKY gene (FcWRKY70) from Fortunella crassifolia. FcWRKY70 was greatly induced by drought and abscisic acid, but slightly or negligibly by salt and cold. Overexpression of FcWRKY70 in tobacco (Nicotiana nudicaulis) and lemon (Citrus lemon) conferred enhanced tolerance to dehydration and drought stresses. Transgenic tobacco and lemon exhibited higher expression levels of ADC (arginine decarboxylase), and accumulated larger amount of putrescine in comparison with wild type (WT). Treatment with D-arginine, an inhibitor of ADC, caused transgenic tobacco plants more sensitive to dehydration. Knock-down of FcWRKY70 in kumquat down-regulated ADC abundance and decreased putrescine level, accompanied by compromised dehydration tolerance. The promoter region of FcADC contained two W-box elements, which were shown to be interacted with FcWRKY70. Taken together, our data demonstrated that FcWRKY70 functions in drought tolerance by, at least partly, promoting production of putrescine via regulating ADC expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianbing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Phosphorylation Affects DNA-Binding of the Senescence-Regulating bZIP Transcription Factor GBF1. PLANTS 2015; 4:691-709. [PMID: 27135347 PMCID: PMC4844403 DOI: 10.3390/plants4030691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Massive changes in the transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana during onset and progression of leaf senescence imply a central role for transcription factors. While many transcription factors are themselves up- or down-regulated during senescence, the bZIP transcription factor G-box-binding factor 1 (GBF1/bZIP41) is constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis leaf tissue but at the same time triggers the onset of leaf senescence, suggesting posttranscriptional mechanisms for senescence-specific GBF1 activation. Here we show that GBF1 is phosphorylated by the threonine/serine CASEIN KINASE II (CKII) in vitro and that CKII phosphorylation had a negative effect on GBF1 DNA-binding to G-boxes of two direct target genes, CATALASE2 and RBSCS1a. Phosphorylation mimicry at three serine positions in the basic region of GBF1 also had a negative effect on DNA-binding. Kinase assays revealed that CKII phosphorylates at least one serine in the basic domain but has additional phosphorylation sites outside this domain. Two different ckII α subunit1 and one α subunit2 T-DNA insertion lines showed no visible senescence phenotype, but in all lines the expression of the senescence marker gene SAG12 was remarkably diminished. A model is presented suggesting that senescence-specific GBF1 activation might be achieved by lowering the phosphorylation of GBF1 by CKII.
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Wang Y, Feng L, Zhu Y, Li Y, Yan H, Xiang Y. Comparative genomic analysis of the WRKY III gene family in populus, grape, arabidopsis and rice. Biol Direct 2015; 10:48. [PMID: 26350041 PMCID: PMC4563840 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-015-0076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background WRKY III genes have significant functions in regulating plant development and resistance. In plant, WRKY gene family has been studied in many species, however, there still lack a comprehensive analysis of WRKY III genes in the woody plant species poplar, three representative lineages of flowering plant species are incorporated in most analyses: Arabidopsis (a model plant for annual herbaceous dicots), grape (one model plant for perennial dicots) and Oryza sativa (a model plant for monocots). Results In this study, we identified 10, 6, 13 and 28 WRKY III genes in the genomes of Populus trichocarpa, grape (Vitis vinifera), Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the WRKY III proteins could be divided into four clades. By microsynteny analysis, we found that the duplicated regions were more conserved between poplar and grape than Arabidopsis or rice. We dated their duplications by Ks analysis of Populus WRKY III genes and demonstrated that all the blocks were formed after the divergence of monocots and dicots. Strong purifying selection has played a key role in the maintenance of WRKY III genes in Populus. Tissue expression analysis of the WRKY III genes in Populus revealed that five were most highly expressed in the xylem. We also performed quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR analysis of WRKY III genes in Populus treated with salicylic acid, abscisic acid and polyethylene glycol to explore their stress-related expression patterns. Conclusions This study highlighted the duplication and diversification of the WRKY III gene family in Populus and provided a comprehensive analysis of this gene family in the Populus genome. Our results indicated that the majority of WRKY III genes of Populus was expanded by large-scale gene duplication. The expression pattern of PtrWRKYIII gene identified that these genes play important roles in the xylem during poplar growth and development, and may play crucial role in defense to drought stress. Our results presented here may aid in the selection of appropriate candidate genes for further characterization of their biological functions in poplar. Reviewers This article was reviewed by Prof Dandekar and Dr Andrade-Navarro. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13062-015-0076-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Wang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Lin Feng
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Hanwei Yan
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Yan Xiang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China. .,Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Wang Y, Feng L, Zhu Y, Li Y, Yan H, Xiang Y. Comparative genomic analysis of the WRKY III gene family in populus, grape, arabidopsis and rice. Biol Direct 2015. [PMID: 26350041 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-015-0076-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WRKY III genes have significant functions in regulating plant development and resistance. In plant, WRKY gene family has been studied in many species, however, there still lack a comprehensive analysis of WRKY III genes in the woody plant species poplar, three representative lineages of flowering plant species are incorporated in most analyses: Arabidopsis (a model plant for annual herbaceous dicots), grape (one model plant for perennial dicots) and Oryza sativa (a model plant for monocots). RESULTS In this study, we identified 10, 6, 13 and 28 WRKY III genes in the genomes of Populus trichocarpa, grape (Vitis vinifera), Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the WRKY III proteins could be divided into four clades. By microsynteny analysis, we found that the duplicated regions were more conserved between poplar and grape than Arabidopsis or rice. We dated their duplications by Ks analysis of Populus WRKY III genes and demonstrated that all the blocks were formed after the divergence of monocots and dicots. Strong purifying selection has played a key role in the maintenance of WRKY III genes in Populus. Tissue expression analysis of the WRKY III genes in Populus revealed that five were most highly expressed in the xylem. We also performed quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR analysis of WRKY III genes in Populus treated with salicylic acid, abscisic acid and polyethylene glycol to explore their stress-related expression patterns. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the duplication and diversification of the WRKY III gene family in Populus and provided a comprehensive analysis of this gene family in the Populus genome. Our results indicated that the majority of WRKY III genes of Populus was expanded by large-scale gene duplication. The expression pattern of PtrWRKYIII gene identified that these genes play important roles in the xylem during poplar growth and development, and may play crucial role in defense to drought stress. Our results presented here may aid in the selection of appropriate candidate genes for further characterization of their biological functions in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Wang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Lin Feng
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Hanwei Yan
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Yan Xiang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Wang Y, Feng L, Zhu Y, Li Y, Yan H, Xiang Y. Comparative genomic analysis of the WRKY III gene family in populus, grape, arabidopsis and rice. Biol Direct 2015. [PMID: 26350041 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-015-007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WRKY III genes have significant functions in regulating plant development and resistance. In plant, WRKY gene family has been studied in many species, however, there still lack a comprehensive analysis of WRKY III genes in the woody plant species poplar, three representative lineages of flowering plant species are incorporated in most analyses: Arabidopsis (a model plant for annual herbaceous dicots), grape (one model plant for perennial dicots) and Oryza sativa (a model plant for monocots). RESULTS In this study, we identified 10, 6, 13 and 28 WRKY III genes in the genomes of Populus trichocarpa, grape (Vitis vinifera), Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the WRKY III proteins could be divided into four clades. By microsynteny analysis, we found that the duplicated regions were more conserved between poplar and grape than Arabidopsis or rice. We dated their duplications by Ks analysis of Populus WRKY III genes and demonstrated that all the blocks were formed after the divergence of monocots and dicots. Strong purifying selection has played a key role in the maintenance of WRKY III genes in Populus. Tissue expression analysis of the WRKY III genes in Populus revealed that five were most highly expressed in the xylem. We also performed quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR analysis of WRKY III genes in Populus treated with salicylic acid, abscisic acid and polyethylene glycol to explore their stress-related expression patterns. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the duplication and diversification of the WRKY III gene family in Populus and provided a comprehensive analysis of this gene family in the Populus genome. Our results indicated that the majority of WRKY III genes of Populus was expanded by large-scale gene duplication. The expression pattern of PtrWRKYIII gene identified that these genes play important roles in the xylem during poplar growth and development, and may play crucial role in defense to drought stress. Our results presented here may aid in the selection of appropriate candidate genes for further characterization of their biological functions in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Wang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Lin Feng
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Hanwei Yan
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Yan Xiang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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