201
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Montero RM, Bhangal G, Pusey CD, Frankel AH, Tam FWK. CCL18 synergises with high concentrations of glucose in stimulating fibronectin production in human renal tubuloepithelial cells. BMC Nephrol 2016; 17:139. [PMID: 27686838 PMCID: PMC5041317 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-016-0352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end stage kidney disease worldwide. The pathogenesis of this disease remains elusive and multiple factors have been implicated. These include the effects of hyperglycaemia, haemodynamic and metabolic factors, and an inflammatory process that stimulates cellular signalling pathways leading to disease progression and severe fibrosis. Fibronectin (Fn) is an important protein of the extracellular matrix that is essential in fibrosis and its presence in increased amounts has been identified in the kidney in diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Proximal tubuloepithelial (HK-2) cells were stimulated with high glucose (30 mM D-glucose) or glycated albumin (500 μg/mmol) + 4 mM D-glucose or their controls, Mannitol (26 mM + 4 mM D-glucose) and 4 mM D-glucose, respectively. Following 48 h of stimulation the supernatant was collected and MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay performed to assess cell viability. HK-2 cells were also stimulated in the above environments with recombinant CCL18 (rCCL18) or MCP-1 (rMCP-1) for 48 h with quantification of Fn levels using ELISA. RESULTS Co-stimulation of HK-2 cells with high concentrations of glucose and rCCL18 significantly increased Fn (p < 0.001), in comparison to high concentrations of glucose alone. HK-2 cells stimulated with glycated albumin consistently produced Fn and this did not alter following co-stimulation with rCCL18 or rMCP-1. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates how stimulation with a specific chemokine CCL18 in high glucose upregulates the production of Fn from proximal tubuloepithelial cells. This may be relevant to the development of renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Montero
- Renal and Vascular Inflammation Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Gurjeet Bhangal
- Renal and Vascular Inflammation Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Charles D Pusey
- Renal and Vascular Inflammation Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andrew H Frankel
- Renal and Vascular Inflammation Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Frederick W K Tam
- Renal and Vascular Inflammation Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
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202
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Monteiro MM, D'Epiro TTS, Bernardi L, Fossati ACM, Santos MFD, Lamers ML. Long- and short-term diabetes mellitus type 1 modify young and elder rat salivary glands morphology. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 73:40-47. [PMID: 27664563 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study we performed a temporal analysis of the effects of Diabetes Mellitus on morphology and laminin deposition in salivary glands of young (2 months-old) and aging (12 months-old) male Wistar rats, using immunohistochemistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animals were divided in control and diabetic (Streptozotocin induced) groups and euthanized after short and long-term diabetes induction. RESULTS Short-term induction led to vacuolization of parotid acinar cells and increased laminin deposition in both animal ages. In young rats, no difference was observed between short or long-term diabetes regarding laminin deposition, but parotid acinar cells vacuolization was more discrete after long-term diabetes. A slight decrease of submandibular gland convoluted granular ducts was observed in young and elder diabetic animal ages. In diabetic aging rats was observed an increase of laminin content only in the parotid gland. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that some Diabetes Mellitus effects on salivary glands are not progressive over time, possibly due to the existence of adaptive mechanisms in response to chronic hyperglycemia. They also show that the duration of the disease was more relevant to the morphological effects than the age, although it is known that aging per se affects salivary gland morphology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Mirim Monteiro
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lisiane Bernardi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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203
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Peng FF, Xiao ZL, Chen HM, Chen Y, Zhou J, Yu H, Zhang BF. Parathyroid hormone inhibits TGF-β/Smad signaling and extracellular matrix proteins upregulation in rat mesangial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1093-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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204
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Cross talk between miR-214 and PTEN attenuates glomerular hypertrophy under diabetic conditions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31506. [PMID: 27549568 PMCID: PMC4994004 DOI: 10.1038/srep31506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerular mesangial cells (MCs) hypertrophy is one of the earliest pathological abnormalities in diabetic nephropathy (DN), which correlates with eventual glomerulosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic role of miRNA in diabetic glomerular MCs hypertrophy and synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM). Microarray analysis revealed a significant up-regulation of miR-214 in the renal cortex of diabetic db/db mice, which was confirmed by real-time PCR of isolated glomeruli and primary cultured human MCs. In vitro studies showed that inhibition of miR-214 significantly reduced expression of α-SMA, SM22 and collagen IV, and partially restored phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein level in high glucose-stimulated human MCs. Furthermore, we identified PTEN as the target of miR-214 by a luciferase assay in HEK293 cells. Moreover, overexpression of PTEN ameliorated miR-214-mediated diabetic MC hypertrophy while knockdown of PTEN mimicked the MC hypertrophy. In vivo study further confirmed that inhibition of miR-214 significantly decreased the expression of SM22, α-SMA and collagen IV, partially restored PTEN level, and attenuated albuminuria and mesangial expansion in db/db mice. In conclusion, cross talk between miR-214 and PTEN attenuated glomerular hypertrophy under diabetic conditions in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, miR-214 may represent a novel therapeutic target for DN.
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205
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Liu W, Yang Y, Liu Y, Lu X, Guo S, Wu M, Wang M, Yan L, Wang Q, Zhao X, Tong X, Hu J, Li Y, Hu R, Stanton RC, Zhang Z. Exogenous kallikrein protects against diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 2016; 90:1023-1036. [PMID: 27546607 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The kallikrein-kinin system has been shown to be involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy, but specific mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we determined the renal-protective role of exogenous pancreatic kallikrein in diabetic mice and studied potential mechanisms in db/db type 2 diabetic and streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice. After the onset of diabetes, mice were treated with either pancreatic kallikrein (db/db+kallikrein, streptozotocin+kallikrein) or saline (db/db+saline, streptozotocin+saline) for 16 weeks, while another group of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice received the same treatment after onset of albuminuria (streptozotocin'+kallikrein, streptozotocin'+saline). Db/m littermates or wild type mice were used as non-diabetic controls. Pancreatic kallikrein had no effects on body weight, blood glucose and blood pressure, but significantly reduced albuminuria among all three groups. Pathological analysis showed that exogenous kallikrein decreased the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane, protected against the effacement of foot process, the loss of endothelial fenestrae, and prevented the loss of podocytes in diabetic mice. Renal fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress were reduced in kallikrein-treated mice compared to diabetic controls. The expression of kininogen1, tissue kallikrein, kinin B1 and B2 receptors were all increased in the kallikrein-treated compared to saline-treated mice. Thus, exogenous pancreatic kallikrein both prevented and ameliorated diabetic nephropathy, which may be mediated by activating the kallikrein-kinin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeping Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yemei Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, High-tech District People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shizhe Guo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linling Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Taichang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Keenan Research Centre at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Tong
- Jiangsu (Qianhong) Engineering Research Center for Innovative Biological Drugs, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renming Hu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert C Stanton
- Renal Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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206
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Guan M, Ma J, Keaton JM, Dimitrov L, Mudgal P, Stromberg M, Bonomo JA, Hicks PJ, Freedman BI, Bowden DW, Ng MCY. Association of kidney structure-related gene variants with type 2 diabetes-attributed end-stage kidney disease in African Americans. Hum Genet 2016; 135:1251-1262. [PMID: 27461219 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
African Americans (AAs) are at higher risk for developing end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) compared to European Americans. Genome-wide association studies have identified variants associated with diabetic and non-diabetic kidney diseases. Nephropathy loci, including SLC7A9, UMOD, and SHROOM3, have been implicated in the maintenance of normal glomerular and renal tubular structure and function. Herein, 47 genes important in podocyte, glomerular basement membrane, mesangial cell, mesangial matrix, renal tubular cell, and renal interstitium structure were examined for association with type 2 diabetes (T2D)-attributed ESKD in AAs. Single-variant association analysis was performed in the discovery stage, including 2041 T2D-ESKD cases and 1140 controls (non-diabetic, non-nephropathy). Discrimination analyses in 667 T2D cases-lacking nephropathy excluded T2D-associated SNPs. Nominal associations were tested in an additional 483 T2D-ESKD cases and 554 controls in the replication stage. Meta-analysis of 4218 discovery and replication samples revealed three significant associations with T2D-ESKD at CD2AP and MMP2 (P corr < 0.05 corrected for effective number of SNPs in each locus). Removal of APOL1 renal-risk genotype carriers revealed additional association at five loci, TTC21B, COL4A3, NPHP3-ACAD11, CLDN8, and ARHGAP24 (P corr < 0.05). Genetic variants at COL4A3, CLDN8, and ARHGAP24 were potentially pathogenic. Gene-based associations revealed suggestive significant aggregate effects of coding variants at four genes. Our findings suggest that genetic variation in kidney structure-related genes may contribute to T2D-attributed ESKD in the AA population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijian Guan
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Section on Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jacob M Keaton
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Latchezar Dimitrov
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Poorva Mudgal
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Mary Stromberg
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Jason A Bonomo
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Pamela J Hicks
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Section on Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. .,Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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207
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Zhang L, He S, Yang F, Yu H, Xie W, Dai Q, Zhang D, Liu X, Zhou S, Zhang K. Hyperoside ameliorates glomerulosclerosis in diabetic nephropathy by downregulating miR-21. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:1249-1256. [PMID: 27704873 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of hyperoside (Hyp) on glomerulosclerosis in diabetic nephropathy and its underlying mechanisms. Blood glucose, kidney mass, and renal function of mice were measured. Renal morphology was observed using hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid - Schiff's, and Masson's trichrome stain. Fibronectin (FN) and collagen IV (COL IV) in kidney were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemical studies. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and -9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 in renal tissues were detected on both the mRNA and protein levels. miRNA expression and artificial alterations by miRNA agomir transfection were evaluated to investigate the protective mechanism of Hyp in mesangial cells. Hyp effectively improved renal function and physiologic features of db/db mice. Hyp also ameliorated glomerulosclerosis by suppressing FN, COL IV, and TIMP-1 expressions and promoting MMP-9 and MMP-2 expressions. The change in MMP-9 mRNA expression was inconsistent with that in protein levels in kidney, indicating that there was a post-transcriptional regulation. Further exploration in vitro showed that miR-21 was downregulated by Hyp, increasing expression of its target, MMP-9. These results suggest that Hyp can ameliorate glomerulosclerosis in diabetic nephropathy by downregulating miR-21 to increase expression of its target, MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- a Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Siyi He
- b Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Fan Yang
- a Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hua Yu
- a Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Wei Xie
- a Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Qian Dai
- a Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Di Zhang
- a Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- c Department of Applied Chemistry, Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Shiwen Zhou
- d National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Kebin Zhang
- a Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
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208
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Effect of astragalus injection on renal tubular epithelial transdifferentiation in type 2 diabetic mice. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:222. [PMID: 27422712 PMCID: PMC4947258 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Astragalus injection is used by practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine to treat diabetic nephropathy (DN). The current study was conducted to determine the effect of astragalus on tubular epithelial transdifferentiation during the progression of DN in KKAy mice, as well as to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying this effect. Methods Diabetic, 14-week-old, male KKAy mice were randomly divided into a model group and an astragalus treatment group, while age-matched male C57BL/6 J mice were selected as controls. The treatment group received daily intraperitoneal injections of astragalus (0.03 mL/10 g per day), while the model group received injections of an equal volume of saline. Mice were euthanized after 24 weeks. Serum samples were obtained from the animals in each group for blood glucose measurement. Kidney tissue samples were used for morphometric studies. The mRNA and protein expression levels of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGFβ-R1), alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and E-cadherin were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting. Results Astragalus significantly reduced blood glucose levels; inhibited morphological changes in the kidneys of KKAy mice; reduced mRNA and protein expression levels of TGF-β1, TGFβ-R1, and α-SMA; and increased E-cadherin expression. Conclusions Tubular epithelial transdifferentiation plays an important role in the development of DN in diabetic mice. Administration of astragalus likely prevents or mitigates DN by suppressing tubular epithelial transdifferentiation, protecting KKAy mice from renal damage.
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209
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Pastino AK, Greco TM, Mathias RA, Cristea IM, Schwarzbauer JE. Stimulatory effects of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) on fibronectin matrix assembly. Matrix Biol 2016; 59:39-53. [PMID: 27425255 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of compounds that form via non-enzymatic glycation of proteins throughout our lifespan and at a higher rate in certain chronic diseases such as diabetes. AGEs contribute to the progression of fibrosis, in part by stimulating cellular pathways that affect gene expression. Long-lived ECM proteins are targets for non-enzymatic glycation but the question of whether the AGE-modified ECM leads to excess ECM accumulation and fibrosis remains unanswered. In this study, cellular changes due to AGE accretion in the ECM were investigated. Non-enzymatic glycation of proteins in a decellularized fibroblast ECM was achieved by incubating the ECM in a solution of methylglyoxal (MGO). Mass spectrometry of fibronectin (FN) isolated from the glycated matrix identified twenty-eight previously unidentified MGO-derived AGE modification sites including functional sites such as the RGD integrin-binding sequence. Mesangial cells grown on the glycated, decellularized matrix assembled increased amounts of FN matrix. Soluble AGE-modified bovine serum albumin (BSA) also stimulated FN matrix assembly and this effect was reduced by function-blocking antibodies against the receptor for AGE (RAGE). These results indicate that cells respond to AGEs by increasing matrix assembly and that RAGE is involved in this response. This raises the possibility that the accumulation of ECM during the progression of fibrosis may be enhanced by cell interactions with AGEs on a glycated ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Pastino
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014, USA
| | - Todd M Greco
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014, USA
| | - Rommel A Mathias
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014, USA
| | - Jean E Schwarzbauer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014, USA.
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210
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Baum O, Bigler M. Pericapillary basement membrane thickening in human skeletal muscles. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H654-66. [PMID: 27371680 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00048.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The basement membrane (BM) surrounding capillaries in skeletal muscles varies physiologically in thickness according to age, physical fitness, and anatomical site in humans. Furthermore, the pericapillary BM thickness (CBMT) increases pathophysiologically during several common disease states, including peripheral arterial disease and diabetes mellitus. This review on CBM thickening in human skeletal muscles is two pronged. First, it addresses the advantages/disadvantages of grid- and tablet-based measuring and morphometric techniques that are implemented to assess the CBMT on transmission electron micrographs. Second, it deals with the biology of CBM thickening in skeletal muscles, particularly its possible causes, molecular mechanisms, and functional impact. CBM thickening is triggered by several physical factors, including diabetes-associated glycation, hydrostatic pressure, and inflammation. Increased biosynthesis of type IV collagen expression or repetitive cycles in pericyte or endothelial cell degeneration/proliferation appear to be most critical for CBM accumulation. A thickened CBM obviously poses a greater barrier for diffusion, lowers the microvascular elasticity, and impedes transcytosis of inflammatory cells. Our own morphometric data reveal the CBM enlargement to be not accompanied by the pericyte coverage. Owing to an overlap or redundancy in the capillary supply, CBM thickening in skeletal muscles might not be such a devastating occurrence as in organs with endarterial circulation (e.g., kidney and retina). CBM growth in skeletal muscles can be reversed by training or administration of antidiabetic drugs. In conclusion, CBM thickening in skeletal muscles is a microvascular remodeling process by which metabolic, hemodynamic, and inflammatory forces are integrated together and which could play a hitherto underestimated role in etiology/progression of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Baum
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marius Bigler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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211
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Ying C, Zhou X, Chang Z, Ling H, Cheng X, Li W. Blood glucose fluctuation accelerates renal injury involved to inhibit the AKT signaling pathway in diabetic rats. Endocrine 2016; 53:81-96. [PMID: 26860515 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Blood glucose fluctuation is associated with diabetic nephropathy. However, the mechanism by which blood glucose fluctuation accelerates renal injury is not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of blood glucose fluctuation on diabetic nephropathy in rats and investigate its underlying mechanism. Diabetes in the rats was induced by a high sugar, high-fat diet, and a single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg)-injected intraperitoneally. Unstable blood sugar models were induced by subcutaneous insulin injection and intravenous glucose injection alternately. Body weight, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), and Creatinine clearance (Ccr) were assessed. T-SOD activity and MDA level were measured by assay kit. Change in renal tissue ultrastructure was observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Phosphorylated ser/thr protein kinase (p-AKT) (phosphor-Ser473), phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (p-GSK-3β) (phosphor-Ser9), Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), B cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 (BCL-2), and cleaved-cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 (caspase-3) levels were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. We observed that BUN and Scr were increased in diabetic rats, and Ccr was decreased. Furthermore, blood glucose fluctuations could exacerbate the Ccr changes. Renal tissue ultrastructure was also seriously injured by glucose variability in diabetic rats. In addition, glucose fluctuation increased the oxidative stress of renal tissue. Moreover, fluctuating blood glucose decreased p-AKT level and BCL-2, and increased p-GSK-3β, BAX, cleaved-caspase-3 levels, and ratio of BAX/BCL-2 in the kidneys of diabetic rats. In conclusion, these results suggest that blood glucose fluctuation accelerated renal injury is due, at least in part to its oxidative stress promoting and inhibiting the AKT signaling pathway in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Ying
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Laboratory of Morphology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Chang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Ling
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingbo Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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212
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Maione AG, Smith A, Kashpur O, Yanez V, Knight E, Mooney DJ, Veves A, Tomic-Canic M, Garlick JA. Altered ECM deposition by diabetic foot ulcer-derived fibroblasts implicates fibronectin in chronic wound repair. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 24:630-43. [PMID: 27102877 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Current chronic wound treatments often fail to promote healing of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), leading to amputation and increased patient morbidity. A critical mediator of proper wound healing is the production, assembly, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by fibroblasts. However, little is known about how these processes are altered in fibroblasts within the DFU microenvironment. Thus, we investigated the capacity of multiple, primary DFU-derived fibroblast strains to express, produce, and assemble ECM proteins compared to diabetic patient-derived fibroblasts and healthy donor-derived fibroblasts. Gene expression microarray analysis showed differential expression of ECM and ECM-regulatory genes by DFU-derived fibroblasts which translated to functional differences in a 3D in vitro ECM tissue model. DFU-derived fibroblasts produced thin, fibronectin-rich matrices, and responded abnormally when challenged with transforming growth factor-beta, a key regulator of matrix production during healing. These results provide novel evidence that DFU-derived fibroblasts contribute to the defective matrices of DFUs and chronic wound pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G Maione
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Oral Medicine and Craniofacial Pain, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Avi Smith
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Oral Medicine and Craniofacial Pain, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olga Kashpur
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Oral Medicine and Craniofacial Pain, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vanessa Yanez
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Oral Medicine and Craniofacial Pain, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elana Knight
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Oral Medicine and Craniofacial Pain, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J Mooney
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.,School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Aristidis Veves
- Microcirculation Laboratory and Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, University of Miami Miller Medical School, Miami, Florida
| | - Jonathan A Garlick
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Oral Medicine and Craniofacial Pain, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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213
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Sameni HR, Ramhormozi P, Bandegi AR, Taherian AA, Mirmohammadkhani M, Safari M. Effects of ethanol extract of propolis on histopathological changes and anti-oxidant defense of kidney in a rat model for type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig 2016; 7:506-13. [PMID: 27181714 PMCID: PMC4931200 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Oxidative stress has a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Propolis and its constituents have a wide range of medicinal properties against oxidative stress. In the present study, we evaluated the anti‐oxidant effects of ethanolic extracts of propolis on kidneys in diabetes mellitus rats. Materials and Methods A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following five groups: control, diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus with vehicle treatment, diabetes mellitus with propolis treatment (100 mg/kg) and diabetes mellitus with propolis treatment (200 mg/kg). Diabetes mellitus in rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Diabetic groups were treated with vehicle or ethanolic extracts of Iranian propolis for 6 weeks. Serum concentration of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were measured. Results The results showed that Iranian propolis significantly inhibited bodyweight loss in diabetes mellitus rats. The propolis extracts significantly reduced serum glucose levels and kidney weight in diabetes mellitus rats (P < 0.001). Furthermore, propolis extracts significantly reduced the malondialdehyde content, and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.001) along with the total anti‐oxidant activity in the kidney tissue of diabetes mellitus rats. In the kidneys of the diabetes mellitus and vehicle group, the glomerular basement membrane thickness and glomerular area were significantly increased. Treatment of diabetes mellitus rats with the propolis extract significantly reduced the glomerular basement membrane thickness and glomerular area. Conclusions The present study results showed that the Iranian propolis extract could enhance the anti‐oxidant levels and histopathological changes in the kidneys of rats. The final results showed that most of the favorable effects of propolis are mediated by a reduction of blood glucose levels in diabetic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Sameni
- Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cell, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Parisa Ramhormozi
- Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cell, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bandegi
- Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cell, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Taherian
- Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cell, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majid Mirmohammadkhani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Safari
- Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cell, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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214
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Zhang S, Zhang M, Huang H, Zhou S, Du Y, Yi X, Luo J. High glucose-induced Matrilin-2 expression in mouse mesangial cells was mediated by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 474:303-308. [PMID: 27105914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the effect of high glucose on the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein Matrilin-2 and the mechanism underlying this effect by using a mouse mesangial cell line. Mouse mesangial cells (MMCs) were cultured in media containing normal (5 mM d-glucose) or high concentrations of glucose (30 mM d-glucose). The expression of Matrilin-2 was assessed by either RT-PCR or western blot. Additionally, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) inhibitors and TGF-β1 were used to determine whether glucose-regulated Matrilin-2 expression was mediated by the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Our data demonstrated that Matrilin-2 expression was markedly induced by high glucose and TGF-β1. High glucose-induced Matrilin-2 expression was inhibited by TGF-β1/Smad3 inhibitors, indicating that Matrilin-2 was markedly induced by high glucose and this induction was mediated by the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Taken together, our results showed that high-glucose-induced Matrilin-2 expression that was mediated by the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway might play a role in Diabetic nephropathy (DN) pathogenesis and our finding provided a potential diagnostic and/or therapeutic target for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, 2 Gonghe Road, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China
| | - Menglan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, 2 Gonghe Road, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Medical College of Qinghai University, 16 Kunlun Road, Xining 810000, China
| | - Shiying Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, 2 Gonghe Road, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China
| | - Yanshneg Du
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Junming Luo
- Department of Pathology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, 2 Gonghe Road, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China.
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215
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Hu C, Sun L, Xiao L, Han Y, Fu X, Xiong X, Xu X, Liu Y, Yang S, Liu F, Kanwar YS. Insights into the Mechanisms Involved in the Expression and Regulation of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Diabetic Nephropathy. Curr Med Chem 2016; 22:2858-70. [PMID: 26119175 DOI: 10.2174/0929867322666150625095407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is believed to be a major microvascular complication of diabetes. The hallmark of DN includes deposition of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) proteins, such as, collagen, laminin and fibronectin in the mesangium and renal tubulo-interstitium of the glomerulus and basement membranes. Such an increased expression of ECM leads to glomerular and tubular basement membranes thickening and increase of mesangial matrix, ultimately resulting in glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The characteristic morphologic glomerular mesangial lesion has been described as Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodule, and the process at times is referred to as diabetic nodular glomerulosclerosis. Thus, the accumulation of ECM proteins plays a critical role in the development of DN. The relevant mechanism(s) involved in the increased ECM expression and their regulation in the kidney in diabetic state has been extensively investigated and documented in the literature. Nevertheless, there are certain other mechanisms that may yet be conclusively defined. Recent studies demonstrated that some of the new signaling pathways or molecules including, Notch, Wnt, mTOR, TLRs and small GTPase may play a pivotal role in the modulation of ECM regulation and expression in DN. Such modulation could be operational for instance Notch through Notch1/Jagged1 signaling, Wnt by Wnt/β- catenin pathway and mTOR via PI3-K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. All these pathways may be critical in the modulation of ECM expression and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis. In addition, TLRs, mainly the TLR2 and TLR4, by TLR2- dependent and TGF-β-dependent conduits, may modulate ECM expression and generate a fibrogenic response. Small GTPase like Rho, Ras and Rab family by targeting relevant genes may also influence the accumulation of ECM proteins and renal fibrosis in hyperglycemic states. This review summarizes the recent information about the role and mechanisms by which these molecules and signaling pathways regulate ECM synthesis and its expression in high glucose ambience in vitro and in vivo states. The understanding of such signaling pathways and the molecules that influence expression, secretion and amassing of ECM may aid in developing strategies for the amelioration of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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216
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Cao A, Wang L, Chen X, Guo H, Chu S, Zhang X, Peng W. Ursodeoxycholic Acid Ameliorated Diabetic Nephropathy by Attenuating Hyperglycemia-Mediated Oxidative Stress. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:1300-8. [PMID: 27193377 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has a great role in diabetes and diabetes induced organ damage. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in the onset of diabetic nephropathy. We hypothesize that ER stress inhibition could protect against kidney injury through anti-oxidative effects. To test whether block ER stress could attenuate oxidative stress and improve diabetic nephropathy in vivo and in vitro, the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), an ER stress inhibitor, on spontaneous diabetic nephropathy db/db mice, ER stress inducer or high glucose-triggered podocytes were studied. Mice were assigned to 3 groups (n=6 per group): control group (treated with vehicle), db/db group (treated with vehicle), and UDCA group (db/db mice treated with 40 mg/kg/d UDCA). After 8 weeks treatment, mice were sacrificed. Blood and kidneys were collected for the assessment of albumin/creatinine ratio, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), oxidized LDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), the expressions of SOD isoforms and glutathione peroxidase 1, as well as histopathological examination. In addition, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by 2'7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescence. The results showed that UDCA alleviated renal ER stress-evoked cell death, oxidative stress, renal dysfunction, ROS production, upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and suppressed Bax in vivo and in vitro. Hence, inhibition ER stress diminishes oxidative stress and exerts renoprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Cao
- Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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217
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Wu L, Wang Q, Guo F, Ma X, Ji H, Liu F, Zhao Y, Qin G. MicroRNA-27a Induces Mesangial Cell Injury by Targeting of PPARγ, and its In Vivo Knockdown Prevents Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26072. [PMID: 27184517 PMCID: PMC4869109 DOI: 10.1038/srep26072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, we found that high glucose upregulated miR-27a expression in cultured glomerular mesangial cells and in the kidney glomeruli of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. miR-27a knockdown prevented high glucose-induced mesangial cell proliferation and also blocked the upregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated profibrotic genes. Reduction of cell proliferation and profibrotic gene expression by a miR-27a inhibitor depended upon the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Further studies showed that miR-27a negatively regulated PPARγ expression by binding to the 3'-untranslated region of rat PPARγ. An antisense oligonucleotide specific to miR-27a (antagomir-27a) significantly reduced renal miR-27a expression in STZ-induced diabetic rats and significantly increased PPARγ levels. Antagomir-27a also reduced kidney ECM accumulation and proteinuria in STZ-induced diabetic rats. These findings suggest that specific reduction of renal miR-27a decreases renal fibrosis, which may be explained in part by its regulation of PPARγ, and that targeting miR-27a may represent a novel therapeutic approach for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qingzhu Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hongfei Ji
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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218
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Chen C, Huang K, Hao J, Huang J, Yang Z, Xiong F, Liu P, Huang H. Polydatin attenuates AGEs-induced upregulation of fibronectin and ICAM-1 in rat glomerular mesangial cells and db/db diabetic mice kidneys by inhibiting the activation of the SphK1-S1P signaling pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 427:45-56. [PMID: 26948947 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that activation of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1)- sphingosine 1- phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway by high glucose (HG) plays a pivotal role in increasing the expression of fibronectin (FN), an important fibrotic component, by promoting the DNA-binding activity of transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1) in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) under diabetic conditions. As a multi-target anti-oxidative drug, polydatin (PD) has been shown to have renoprotective effects on experimental diabetes. However, whether PD could resist diabetic nephropathy (DN) by regulating SphK1-S1P signaling pathway needs further investigation. Here, we found that PD significantly reversed the upregulated FN and ICAM-1 expression in GMCs exposed to AGEs. Simultaneously, PD dose-dependently inhibited SphK1 levels at the protein expression and kinase activity and attenuated S1P production under AGEs treatment conditions. In addition, PD reduced SphK activity in GMCs transfected with wild-type SphK(WT) plasmid and significantly suppressed SphK1-mediated increase of FN and ICAM-1 levels under normal conditions. Furthermore, we found that the AGEs-induced upregulation of phosphorylation of c-Jun at Ser63 and Ser73 and c-Fos at Ser32, DNA-binding activity and transcriptional activity of AP-1 were blocked by PD. In comparison with db/db model group, PD treatment suppressed SphK1 levels (mRNA, protein expression, and activity) and S1P production, reversed the upregulation of FN, ICAM-1, c-Jun, and c-Fos in the kidney tissues of diabetic mice, and finally ameliorated renal injury in db/db mice. These findings suggested that the downregulation of SphK1-S1P signaling pathway is probably a novel mechanism by which PD suppressed AGEs-induced FN and ICAM-1 expression and improved renal dysfunction of diabetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kaipeng Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Junying Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiying Yang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fengxiao Xiong
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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219
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Abstract
Diabetes is increasing in prevalence and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the United States. Diabetic kidney disease is considered a proteinuric glomerular disease. Although the glomerulus is composed of various cell types, research suggests that podocytes are critical to overall glomerular health. Podocyte injury has been identified as a pivotal event resulting in proteinuric kidney disease, glomerulosclerosis, and loss of renal function. Thus, understanding the signaling mechanisms that trigger podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease might allow for the development of targeted therapeutics to prevent or ameliorate progression to end-stage renal failure. This review focuses on the role of podocytes in diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S Lin
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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220
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Wang J, Duan L, Guo T, Gao Y, Tian L, Liu J, Wang S, Yang J. Downregulation of miR-30c promotes renal fibrosis by target CTGF in diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:406-14. [PMID: 26775556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) play important roles in initiation and progression of many pathologic processes. However, the role of miR-30c in diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains unclear. This study was to determine whether miR-30c was involved in the mechanism of renal fibrosis by inhibiting target CTGF expression in DN. In this study, In Situ Hybridization(ISH), RT-PCR, cell transfection, western blotting and laser confocal telescope were used, respectively. ISH showed that miR-30c, concentrated in cytoplasmic foci in the proximity of the nucleus, was mainly localized in glomerular and renal tubular epithelial cells within the cortex. RT-PCR showed that miR-30c expression was significantly decreased in DN (p<0.05), consistent with of the results of ISH. Luciferase reporter gene assays showed that CTGF was a validated target of miR-30c. Furthermore, miR-30c overexpression directly decreased CTGF mRNA and protein. Conversely, miR-30c inhibitor enhanced CTGF expression. Interestingly, miR-30c expression was negatively correlated with ACR (r=-0.870, P=0.003) and positively correlated with Ccr (r=0.8230, P=0.01), whereas it was uncorrelated with KW/BW, SBP, HbA1C, HOMR-IR and T-Cho (p>0.05). More importantly, miR-30c mimics significantly decreased col-IV, FN, GSI, GBM, GA, MRA/CLA and ACR (p<0.05) and, in contrast, slightly but significantly increased Ccr (p<0.05). In conclusion, our results suggested that loss of miR-30c may contribute to the pathogenesis of DN by inhibiting target CTGF expression; replenishing miR-30c may ameliorate renal structure and function by reducing renal fibrosis in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial People's hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Endocrine and metabolism, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Lijun Duan
- Department of gynecology and obstetrics, Gansu Provincial People's hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Tiankang Guo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Endocrine and metabolism, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Yanbin Gao
- Metabolic Disease Center, School of Traditional Chinese medical, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Limin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial People's hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Endocrine and metabolism, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial People's hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Endocrine and metabolism, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Shaocheng Wang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jinkui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
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221
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Kitsunai H, Makino Y, Sakagami H, Mizumoto K, Yanagimachi T, Atageldiyeva K, Takeda Y, Fujita Y, Abiko A, Takiyama Y, Haneda M. High glucose induces platelet-derived growth factor-C via carbohydrate response element-binding protein in glomerular mesangial cells. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/6/e12730. [PMID: 27033449 PMCID: PMC4814887 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent high concentration of glucose causes cellular stress and damage in diabetes via derangement of gene expressions. We previously reported high glucose activates hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α and downstream gene expression in mesangial cells, leading to an extracellular matrix expansion in the glomeruli. A glucose‐responsive transcription factor carbohydrate response element‐binding protein (ChREBP) is a key mediator for such perturbation of gene regulation. To provide insight into glucose‐mediated gene regulation in mesangial cells, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by DNA microarray analysis and identified platelet‐derived growth factor‐C (PDGF‐C) as a novel target gene of ChREBP. In streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice, glomerular cells showed a significant increase in PDGF‐C expression; the ratio of PDGF‐C‐positive cells to the total number glomerular cells demonstrated more than threefold increase when compared with control animals. In cultured human mesangial cells, high glucose enhanced expression of PDGF‐C protein by 1.9‐fold. Knock‐down of ChREBP abrogated this induction response. Upregulated PDGF‐C contributed to the production of type IV and type VI collagen, possibly via an autocrine mechanism. Interestingly, urinary PDGF‐C levels in diabetic model mice were significantly elevated in a fashion similar to urinary albumin. Taken together, we hypothesize that a high glucose‐mediated induction of PDGF‐C via ChREBP in mesangial cells contributes to the development of glomerular mesangial expansion in diabetes, which may provide a platform for novel predictive and therapeutic strategies for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Kitsunai
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yuichi Makino
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Sakagami
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Mizumoto
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yanagimachi
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kuralay Atageldiyeva
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Takeda
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Fujita
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Atsuko Abiko
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yumi Takiyama
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Masakazu Haneda
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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222
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Chen X, Wang DD, Wei T, He SM, Zhang GY, Wei QL. Effects of astragalosides from Radix Astragali on high glucose-induced proliferation and extracellular matrix accumulation in glomerular mesangial cells. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:2561-2566. [PMID: 27313676 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) exhibits a deteriorating course that may lead to end-stage renal failure. Astragalosides have been clinically tested for the treatment of DN, but the mechanism is unclear at present. In this study, the effects of astragalosides were investigated on high glucose-induced proliferation and expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), type IV collagen (colIV) and fibronectin (FN) in glomerular mesangial cells (MCs). Cell proliferation was determined by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine assay, and the expression of TGF-β1, CTGF, colIV and FN mRNA and proteins in MCs was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and ELISA assay, respectively. The results showed that high glucose clearly induced the proliferation of MCs and increased the expression of TGF-β1, CTGF, colIV and FN. Treatment with 50, 100, 200 µg/ml astragalosides inhibited cell proliferation and the expression of TGF-β1, CTGF, colIV and FN induced by high glucose. Thus, it is concluded that astragalosides inhibit the increased cell proliferation and expression of major extracellular matrix proteins that are induced by high glucose, indicating their value for the prophylaxis and therapy of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Jiangyin, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Dong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Su-Mei He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Ying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Qun-Li Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
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223
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Liu L, Wang Y, Yan R, Li S, Shi M, Xiao Y, Guo B. Oxymatrine Inhibits Renal Tubular EMT Induced by High Glucose via Upregulation of SnoN and Inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151986. [PMID: 27010330 PMCID: PMC4807015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling has been shown to play a critical role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The nuclear transcription co-repressor Ski-related novel protein N (SnoN) is an important negative regulator of TGF-β1/Smad signal transduction, and subsequent biological responses including tubule epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix accumulation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Oxymatrine (OM) is an alkaloid extracted from the Chinese herb Sophora japonica and has been demonstrated to prevent fibrosis. However, the anti-fibrosis effect of OM in DN is still unclear. In this study, we cultured normal rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK52Es) in high glucose and high glucose plus OM, and detected the expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA, FN, TGF-β1, SnoN, Arkadia, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 and poly-ubiquitination of SnoN. The results showed that E-cadherin and SnoN expression in NRK52Es decreased significantly, but poly-ubiquitination of SnoN, TGF-β1, α-SMA, FN, Arkadia, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 expression significantly increased due to high glucose stimulation, which could be almost completely reversed by OM, suggesting that OM may alleviate EMT induced by high glucose via upregulating SnoN expression and inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway activation. Hence, OM could be a novel therapeutic for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Liu
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Mingjun Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- * E-mail:
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224
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Abd El Dayem S, El Bohy AEM, El Shehaby A. Value of the intrarenal arterial resistivity indices and different renal biomarkers for early identification of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:273-9. [PMID: 26677884 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2014-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare resistivity index (RI) in type 1 diabetic patients and normal controls and to evaluate whether high RI is associated with different biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy (DN) as early detection of DN offers the best chance of delaying or possibly preventing progression to end-stage renal disease. METHODS The study included 62 type 1 diabetic patients and 30 healthy volunteers of the same age and sex. Blood samples were taken for assessment of glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile and urine samples were taken for assessment of albumin/creatinine ratio, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) and kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1). Forty-five diabetic patients and 30 controls had a renal Doppler ultrasonography. t-Test or Mann Whitney U-test for independent variables, Pearson's or Spearman correlation analysis were used. RESULTS The mean age of diabetic patients was 16.3±1.5 years, and mean duration of diabetes was 9.4±2.9 years. RI, albumin/creatinine ratio, NGAL, Kim-1 and L-FABP were significantly higher in diabetics than in controls. RI, NGAL, Kim-1, and L-FABP were significantly higher in microalbuminuric compared to normoalbuminuric diabetics. In normoalbuminuric diabetics, RI, NGAL, Kim-1 and L-FABP were significantly higher compared to controls. The study revealed significant positive correlation between the RI in diabetics and both KIM-1 and albumin/creatinine ratio. CONCLUSIONS Increased RI and renal biomarkers in diabetics are early sensitive specific markers of DN, even preceded the development of microalbuminuria, denoting that they can be used as an early and sensitive markers for early detection of DN.
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225
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Sun SF, Zhao TT, Zhang HJ, Huang XR, Zhang WK, Zhang L, Yan MH, Dong X, Wang H, Wen YM, Pan XP, Lan HY, Li P. Renoprotective effect of berberine on type 2 diabetic nephropathy in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 42:662-70. [PMID: 25867602 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation, fibrosis, and lipid disorder are essential promoters in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney injury in diabetes mellitus type 2. Berberine (BBR) has been reported to have beneficial effects on diabetic nephropathy, but its action mechanism is still unclear. The present study was designed to elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of BBR in a type 2 diabetic nephropathy rat model induced by a high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin injection. The diabetic rats were treated with or without BBR by gavage for 20 weeks and examined by serology, 24-h albuminuria, histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analyses. Results showed that treatment with BBR significantly reduced serum levels of blood glucose and lipids, inhibited urinary excretion of albumin, and attenuated renal histological injuries in diabetic rats. Berberine treatment also inhibited renal inflammation, which was associated with inactivation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cell signalling. As a result, the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α) and chemokine (monocyte chemotactic protein-1) was blocked. In addition, BBR treatment also inactivated transforming growth factor-β/Smad3 signalling and suppressed renal fibrosis, including expression of fibronectin, collagen I, and collagen IV. The present study reveals that BBR is a therapeutic agent for attenuating type 2 diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell-driven renal inflammation and transforming growth factor-β/Smad3 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Fan Sun
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Hua Yan
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Dong
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Min Wen
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ping Pan
- National Innovation Center of TCM Modernization in Shanghai, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Innovative Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Li
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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226
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Abstract
Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) is mediated by the store-operated Ca(2+) channel (SOC) that opens upon depletion of internal Ca(2+) stores following activation of G protein-coupled receptors or receptor tyrosine kinases. Over the past two decades, the physiological and pathological relevance of SOCE has been extensively studied. Recently, accumulating evidence suggests associations of altered SOCE with diabetic complications. This review focuses on the implication of SOCE as it pertains to various complications resulting from diabetes. We summarize recent findings by us and others on the involvement of abnormal SOCE in the development of diabetic complications, such as diabetic nephropathy and diabetic vasculopathy. The underlying mechanisms that mediate the diabetes-associated alterations of SOCE are also discussed. The SOCE pathway may be considered as a potential therapeutic target for diabetes-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Chaudhari
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth 76107, TX, USA
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth 76107, TX, USA
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227
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Zhao T, Sun S, Zhang H, Huang X, Yan M, Dong X, Wen Y, Wang H, Lan HY, Li P. Therapeutic Effects of Tangshen Formula on Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147693. [PMID: 26807792 PMCID: PMC4726711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Inflammation and fibrosis are essential promoters in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes. The present study examined the anti-inflammation and anti-fibrosis effect of Tangshen Formula (TSF), a traditional Chinese medicine, on DN. Research Design and Methods Protective role of TSF in DN was examined in a rat model of type 2 DN that was established by high-fat diet-fed and low-dose-streptozotocin injection. TSF was suspended in 0.5% CMC-Na solution and delivered by oral gavage at a dosage of 1.67g/Kg body weight/day. The therapeutic effects and mechanisms of TSF on diabetic kidney injury were examined. Results We found that TSF treatment for 20 weeks attenuated DN by significantly inhibiting urinary excretion of albumin and renal histological injuries. These beneficial effects were associated with an inactivation of NF-κB signaling, thereby blocking the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα), chemokine (MCP-1), and macrophage infiltration in the TSF-treated rats with type 2 DN. In addition, TSF treatment also inactivated TGF-β/Smad3 signaling and therefore suppressed renal fibrosis including expressions of fibronectin, collagen I, and collagen IV. Further studies revealed that the inhibitory effect of TSF on TGF-β/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling in DN was associated with inhibition of Smurf2-dependent ubiquitin degradation of Smad7. Conclusions The present study reveals that TSF has therapeutic potential for type 2 DN in rats. Blockade of NF-κB-driven renal inflammation and TGF-β/Smad3-mediated renal fibrosis by preventing the Smurf2-mediated Smad7 degradation pathway may be mechanisms through which TSF inhibits type 2 DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- TingTing Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - SiFan Sun
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - HaoJun Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoRu Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - MeiHua Yan
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Dong
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - YuMin Wen
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (PL); (HL)
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (PL); (HL)
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228
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Sun L, Dutta RK, Xie P, Kanwar YS. myo-Inositol Oxygenase Overexpression Accentuates Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Exacerbates Cellular Injury following High Glucose Ambience: A NEW MECHANISM RELEVANT TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5688-5707. [PMID: 26792859 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.669952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by perturbations in metabolic/cellular signaling pathways with generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS are regarded as a common denominator of various pathways, and they inflict injury on renal glomerular cells. Recent studies indicate that tubular pathobiology also plays a role in the progression of DN. However, the mechanism(s) for how high (25 mm) glucose (HG) ambience induces tubular damage remains enigmatic. myo-Inositol oxygenase (MIOX) is a tubular enzyme that catabolizes myo-inositol to d-glucuronate via the glucuronate-xylulose (G-X) pathway. In this study, we demonstrated that G-X pathway enzymes are expressed in the kidney, and MIOX expression/bioactivity was up-regulated under HG ambience in LLC-PK1 cells, a tubular cell line. We further investigated whether MIOX overexpression leads to accentuation of tubulo-interstitial injury, as gauged by some of the parameters relevant to the progression of DN. Under HG ambience, MIOX overexpression accentuated redox imbalance, perturbed NAD(+)/NADH ratios, increased ROS generation, depleted reduced glutathione, reduced GSH/GSSG ratio, and enhanced adaptive changes in the profile of the antioxidant defense system. These changes were also accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunctions, DNA damage and induction of apoptosis, accentuated activity of profibrogenic cytokine, and expression of fibronectin, the latter two being the major hallmarks of DN. These perturbations were largely blocked by various ROS inhibitors (Mito Q, diphenyleneiodonium chloride, and N-acetylcysteine) and MIOX/NOX4 siRNA. In conclusion, this study highlights a novel mechanism where MIOX under HG ambience exacerbates renal injury during the progression of diabetic nephropathy following the generation of excessive ROS via an unexplored G-X pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- From the Department of Nephrology and Renal Institute, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China and
| | - Rajesh K Dutta
- the Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Ping Xie
- the Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- the Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611.
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229
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Sen U, Pushpakumar S. Mini-review: diabetic renal complications, a potential stinky remedy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F119-22. [PMID: 26538437 PMCID: PMC4719040 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00299.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is associated with vasculitis and is also an independent risk factor for peripheral vascular and coronary artery disease in diabetic patients. Despite optimal management, a significant number of patients progress toward end-stage renal disease (ESRD), a suggestion that the disease mechanism is far from clear. A reduction in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been suggested to play a vital role in diabetic vascular complications including diabetic nephropathy (DN). This mini-review highlights the recent findings on the role of H2S in mitigating abnormal extracellular matrix metabolism in DN. A discussion on the development of the newer slow-releasing H2S compounds and its therapeutic potential is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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230
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Myrciaria cauliflora extracts attenuate diabetic nephropathy involving the Ras signaling pathway in streptozotocin/nicotinamide mice on a high fat diet. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:136-146. [PMID: 28911396 PMCID: PMC9345440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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231
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Barati MT, Gould JC, Salyer SA, Isaacs S, Wilkey DW, Merchant ML. Influence of Acute High Glucose on Protein Abundance Changes in Murine Glomerular Mesangial Cells. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:3537863. [PMID: 26839892 PMCID: PMC4709621 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3537863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of acute exposure to high glucose levels as experienced by glomerular mesangial cells in postprandial conditions and states such as in prediabetes were investigated using proteomic methods. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry methods were used to identify protein expression patterns in immortalized rat mesangial cells altered by 2 h high glucose (HG) growth conditions as compared to isoosmotic/normal glucose control (NG(⁎)) conditions. Unique protein expression changes at 2 h HG treatment were measured for 51 protein spots. These proteins could be broadly grouped into two categories: (1) proteins involved in cell survival/cell signaling and (2) proteins involved in stress response. Immunoblot experiments for a protein belonging to both categories, prohibitin (PHB), supported a trend for increased total expression as well as significant increases in an acidic PHB isoform. Additional studies confirmed the regulation of proteasomal subunit alpha-type 2 and the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone and oxidoreductase PDI (protein disulfide isomerase), suggesting altered ER protein folding capacity and proteasomal function in response to acute HG. We conclude that short term high glucose induces subtle changes in protein abundances suggesting posttranslational modifications and regulation of pathways involved in proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T. Barati
- Kidney Disease Program, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - James C. Gould
- Kidney Disease Program, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah A. Salyer
- Kidney Disease Program, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Tuskegee University School of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Susan Isaacs
- Kidney Disease Program, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Daniel W. Wilkey
- Kidney Disease Program, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Michael L. Merchant
- Kidney Disease Program, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- *Michael L. Merchant:
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232
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Choma DP, Vanacore R, Naylor H, Zimmerman IA, Pavlichenko A, Pavlichenko A, Foye L, Carbone DP, Harris RC, Dikov MM, Tchekneva EE. Aquaporin 11 variant associates with kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 310:F416-25. [PMID: 26719361 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00295.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease, a common complication of diabetes, associates with poor prognosis. Our previous animal model studies linked aquaporin (AQP)11 to acute kidney injury, hyperglycemia-induced renal impairment, and kidney disease in diabetes. Here, we report the AQP11 rs2276415 variant as a genetic factor placing type 2 diabetic patients at greater risk for the development of kidney disease. We performed two independent retrospective case-control studies in 1,075 diabetic and 1,619 nondiabetic individuals who were identified in the Synthetic Derivative Database with DNA samples in the BioVU DNA repository at Vanderbilt University (Nashville, TN). A χ(2)-test and multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustments for age, sex, baseline serum creatinine, and underlying comorbid disease covariates showed a significant association between rs2276415 and the prevalence of any event of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetic patients but not in patients without diabetes. This result was replicated in the second independent study. Diabetic CKD patients over 55 yrs old with the minor AQP11 allele had a significantly faster progression of estimated glomerular filtration rate decline than patients with the wild-type genotype. Three-dimensional structural analysis suggested a functional impairment of AQP11 with rs2276415, which could place diabetic patients at a higher risk for kidney disease. These studies identified rs2276415 as a candidate genetic factor predisposing patients with type 2 diabetes to CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Choma
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Roberto Vanacore
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Helen Naylor
- Knowledge Management/Research Informatics Consult Service, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ian A Zimmerman
- Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Pikeville, Pikeville, Kentucky
| | | | | | - Liberty Foye
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David P Carbone
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mikhail M Dikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Elena E Tchekneva
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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233
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Diabetic nephropathy and transcription factors. Diabetol Int 2015; 7:1-3. [PMID: 30603235 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-015-0246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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234
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Barzegar-Fallah A, Alimoradi H, Razmi A, Dehpour AR, Asgari M, Shafiei M. Inhibition of calcineurin/NFAT pathway plays an essential role in renoprotective effect of tropisetron in early stage of diabetic nephropathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 767:152-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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235
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Amaral LSDB, Silva FA, Correia VB, Andrade CEF, Dutra BA, Oliveira MV, de Magalhães ACM, Volpini RA, Seguro AC, Coimbra TM, Soares TDJ. Beneficial effects of previous exercise training on renal changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic female rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:437-45. [PMID: 26490345 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215609696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise performed both previously and after the induction of diabetes mellitus on changes of renal function and structure in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Female wistar rats were divided into five groups: sedentary control (C + Se); trained control (C + Ex); sedentary diabetic (D + Se); trained diabetic (D + Ex) and previously trained diabetic (D + PEx). The previous exercise consisted of treadmill running for four weeks before the induction of diabetes mellitus. After induction of diabetes mellitus with streptozotocin, the D + PEx, D + Ex and C + Ex groups were submitted to eight weeks of aerobic exercise. At the end of the training protocol, we evaluate the serum glucose, insulin and 17β-estradiol levels, renal function and structure, proteinuria, and fibronectin, collagen IV and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) renal expressions. Induction of diabetes mellitus reduced the insulin and did not alter 17β-estradiol levels, and exercise did not affect any of these parameters. Previous exercise training attenuated the loss of body weight, the blood glucose, the increase of glomerular filtration rate and prevented the proteinuria in the D + PEx group compared to D + Se group. Previous exercise also reduced glomerular hypertrophy, tubular and glomerular injury, as well as the expressions of fibronectin and collagen IV. These expressions were associated with reduced expression of TGF-β1. In conclusion, our study shows that regular aerobic exercise especially performed previously to induction of diabetes mellitus improved metabolic control and has renoprotective action on the diabetic kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliany S de Brito Amaral
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil. Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas
| | - Fernanda A Silva
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil. Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas
| | - Vicente B Correia
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil. Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas
| | - Clara E F Andrade
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil. Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas
| | - Bárbara A Dutra
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil. Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas
| | - Márcio V Oliveira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil. Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas
| | - Amélia C M de Magalhães
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil. Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas
| | - Rildo A Volpini
- Departamento de Nefrologia, Laboratório de Pesquisa Básica-LIM12, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Seguro
- Departamento de Nefrologia, Laboratório de Pesquisa Básica-LIM12, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Terezila M Coimbra
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Telma de J Soares
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil. Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas
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Yao L, Li L, Li X, Li H, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Wang J, Mao X. The anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt on high-glucose-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic renal damage in rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:314. [PMID: 26346939 PMCID: PMC4561427 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication of diabetes whose development process is associated with inflammation, renal hypertrophy, and fibrosis. Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt, traditionally used as a healthcare tea, has anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemia, and glycemic regulation activities. The aim of our study was to investigate the renal protective effect of ethyl acetate extract of C. tinctoria Nutt (AC) on high-glucose–fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods A diabetic rat model was induced by high-glucose–fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of 35 mg/kg STZ. After treatment with AC at a daily dose of 150, 300 or, 600 mg/kg for 4 weeks, metabolic and renal function parameters of serum and urine were examined. Degree of renal damage, renal proinflammatory cytokines, and fibrotic protein expression were analyzed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Renal AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad signaling pathway were determined by western blotting. Results Diabetic rats showed obvious renal dysfunction, inflammation and fibrosis. However, AC significantly reduced levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and urinary albumin, as well as expression of kidney proinflammatory cytokines of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. AC also ameliorated renal hypertrophy and fibrosis by reducing fibronectin and collagen IV and suppressing the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Meanwhile, AMPKα as a protective cytokine was markedly stimulated by AC. Conclusion In summary, AC controls blood glucose, inhibits inflammatory and fibrotic processes, suppresses the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, and activates phosphorylation of AMPKα in the kidneys, which confirms the protective effects of AC in the early stage of diabetic kidney disease.
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Extracellular superoxide dismutase ameliorates streptozotocin-induced rat diabetic nephropathy via inhibiting the ROS/ERK1/2 signaling. Life Sci 2015; 135:77-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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238
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Pushpakumar S, Kundu S, Narayanan N, Sen U. DNA hypermethylation in hyperhomocysteinemia contributes to abnormal extracellular matrix metabolism in the kidney. FASEB J 2015. [PMID: 26224753 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-272443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Emerging studies suggest that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the development and progression of fibrosis in CKD. HHcy and its intermediates are known to alter the DNA methylation pattern, which is a critical regulator of epigenetic information. In this study, we hypothesized that HHcy causes renovascular remodeling by DNA hypermethylation, leading to glomerulosclerosis. We also evaluated whether the DNA methylation inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza) could modulate extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism and reduce renovascular fibrosis. C57BL/6J (wild-type) and cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS(+/-)) mice, treated without or with 5-Aza (0.5 mg/kg body weight, i.p.), were used. CBS(+/-) mice showed high plasma Hcy levels, hypertension, and significant glomerular and arteriolar injury. 5-Aza treatment normalized blood pressure and reversed renal injury. CBS(+/-) mice showed global hypermethylation and up-regulation of DNA methyltransferase-1 and -3a. Methylation-specific PCR showed an imbalance between matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and -2 and also increased collagen and galectin-3 expression. 5-Aza reduced abnormal DNA methylation and restored the MMP-9/TIMP-1, -2 balance. In conclusion, our data suggest that during HHcy, abnormal DNA methylation and an imbalance between MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and -2 lead to ECM remodeling and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sourav Kundu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nithya Narayanan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Swathi Chitra P, Swathi T, Sahay R, Reddy GB, Menon RK, Kumar PA. Growth Hormone Induces Transforming Growth Factor-Beta-Induced Protein in Podocytes: Implications for Podocyte Depletion and Proteinuria. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:1947-56. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - T. Swathi
- National Institute of Nutrition; Hyderabad India
| | | | | | - Ram K. Menon
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Molecular and Integrative Physiology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI
| | - P. Anil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad India
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240
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Li R, Uttarwar L, Gao B, Charbonneau M, Shi Y, Chan JSD, Dubois CM, Krepinsky JC. High Glucose Up-regulates ADAM17 through HIF-1α in Mesangial Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:21603-14. [PMID: 26175156 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.651604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that ADAM17 mediates high glucose-induced matrix production by kidney mesangial cells. ADAM17 expression is increased in diabetic kidneys, suggesting that its up-regulation may augment high glucose profibrotic responses. We thus studied the effects of high glucose on ADAM17 gene regulation. Primary rat mesangial cells were treated with high glucose (30 mm) or mannitol as osmotic control. High glucose dose-dependently increased ADAM17 promoter activity, transcript, and protein levels. This correlated with augmented ADAM17 activity after 24 h versus 1 h of high glucose. We tested involvement of transcription factors shown in other settings to regulate ADAM17 transcription. Promoter activation was not affected by NF-κB or Sp1 inhibitors, but was blocked by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) inhibition or down-regulation. This also prevented ADAM17 transcript and protein increases. HIF-1α activation by high glucose was shown by its increased nuclear translocation and activation of the HIF-responsive hypoxia-response element (HRE)-luciferase reporter construct. Assessment of ADAM17 promoter deletion constructs coupled with mutation analysis and ChIP studies identified HIF-1α binding to its consensus element at -607 as critical for the high glucose response. Finally, inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and downstream PI3K/Akt, or ADAM17 itself, prevented high glucose-induced HIF-1α activation and ADAM17 up-regulation. Thus, high glucose induces ADAM17 transcriptional up-regulation in mesangial cells, which is associated with augmentation of its activity. This is mediated by HIF-1α and requires EGFR/ADAM17 signaling, demonstrating the potentiation by ADAM17 of its own up-regulation. ADAM17 inhibition thus provides a potential novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzhong Li
- From the Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6
| | - Lalita Uttarwar
- From the Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6
| | - Bo Gao
- From the Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6
| | - Martine Charbonneau
- the Division of Immunology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, and
| | - Yixuan Shi
- the Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - John S D Chan
- the Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Claire M Dubois
- the Division of Immunology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, and
| | - Joan C Krepinsky
- From the Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6,
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Park Y, Kim H, Park L, Min D, Park J, Choi S, Park MH. Effective Delivery of Endogenous Antioxidants Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130815. [PMID: 26114547 PMCID: PMC4483240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is thought to be partially due to the injury of renal cells and the renal micro-environment by free radicals. Free radial scavenging agents that inhibit free radical damage may well prevent the development of underlying conditions such as mesangial expansion (by inhibiting extracellular matrix expression) in these patients. METHODS Using techniques for intra-cellular delivery of peptides, we made metallothionein (MT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), potent endogenous antioxidants, readily transducible into cell membrane and tested their protective effect against the development of DN in OLETF rats. Herein, we study antioxidant peptides for their ability to prevent oxidative damage to primary rat mesangial cells (MCs), which are important constituents of renal glomeruli. RESULTS Intraperitoneal administration of these antioxidants resulted in delivery to the kidney and decreased ROS and the expression of downstream signals in renal cells and postponed the usual progression to DN. In in vitro experiments, MT and SOD were efficiently transferred to MCs, and the increased removal of ROS by MT and SOD was proportional to the degree of scavenging enzymes delivered. MT and SOD decreased three major oxidative injuries (hyperglycemia, AGE and ROS exposure) and also injuries directly mediated by angiotensin II in MCs while changing downstream signal transduction. CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of MT and SOD for the progression of DN in experimental animals may be associated with the scavenging of ROS by MT and SOD and correlated changes in signal transduction downstream. Concomitant administration of these antioxidant peptides may prove to be a new approach for the prevention and therapy of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsoo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioengineering, Hanyang University College of Medicine and Engineering, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Hyunok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioengineering, Hanyang University College of Medicine and Engineering, Seoul, Korea
| | - Leejin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioengineering, Hanyang University College of Medicine and Engineering, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongsoo Min
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioengineering, Hanyang University College of Medicine and Engineering, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, Korea
| | - Sooyoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, Korea
| | - Moon Hyang Park
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Liu M, Pan Q, Chen Y, Yang X, Zhao B, Jia L, Zhu Y, Zhang B, Gao X, Li X, Han J, Duan Y. Administration of Danhong Injection to diabetic db/db mice inhibits the development of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11219. [PMID: 26061387 PMCID: PMC4462147 DOI: 10.1038/srep11219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Danhong Injection (DHI), a Chinese medicine for treatment of patients with coronary heart disease, inhibits primary abdominal aortic aneurysms in apoE deficient (apoE−/−) mice. Formation of microaneurysms plays an important role in the development of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. It remains unknown if DHI can reduce these diabetic complications. In this study, diabetic db/db mice in two groups were injected with saline and DHI, respectively, for 14 weeks. Blood and tissue samples were collected to determine serum glucose, lipids and tissue structure. DHI reduced diabetes-induced body weight gain, serum cholesterol and glucose levels. In retinas, DHI blocked the shrink of whole retina and retinal sub-layers by inhibiting expression of caspase 3, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9, accumulation of carbohydrate macromolecules and formation of acellular capillaries. DHI improved renal functions by inhibiting mesangial matrix expansion, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A, fibronectin and advanced glycation end products in kidneys. Mechanistically, DHI induced expression of glucokinase, AMPKα/phosphorylated AMPKα, insulin receptor substrate 1, fibroblast growth factor 21 and peroxisome proliferator-activated γ. Expression of genes responsible for energy expenditure was also activated by DHI. Therefore, DHI inhibits diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy by ameliorating glucose metabolism and demonstrates a potential application in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Liu
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China [2] College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Quan Pan
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China [2] College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuanli Chen
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China [2] College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Buchang Zhao
- Buchang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xi'an 712000, China
| | - Lifu Jia
- Buchang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xi'an 712000, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Boli Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiaoju Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jihong Han
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Qin G, Zhou Y, Guo F, Ren L, Wu L, Zhang Y, Ma X, Wang Q. Overexpression of the FoxO1 Ameliorates Mesangial Cell Dysfunction in Male Diabetic Rats. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1080-91. [PMID: 26029993 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of mesangial cells (MCs) in high-glucose (HG) conditions plays pivotal role in inducing glomerular sclerosis by causing the imbalance between generation and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which ultimately leads to diabetic nephropathy. This study was designed to determine the function of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), an important transcription factors in regulating cell metabolism and oxidative stress, in MCs in HG conditions. Up-regulation of fibronectin, collagen type IV, and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) was observed under HG conditions in vivo and in vitro, accompanied with elevation of protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation and reduction of FoxO1 bioactivity. After overexpression of constitutively active (CA) FoxO1 in vivo and in vitro by using lentivirus vector, in vivo and in vitro, FoxO1 expression and activity was increased, in accordance with up-regulation of antioxidative genes (catalase and superoxide dismutase, leading to alleviated oxidative stress as well as attenuated Akt activity, whereas overexpression of wild type-FoxO1 only expressed partial effect. Moreover, CA-FoxO1 decreased the expression of fibronectin, collagen type IV, and PAI-1, causing amelioration of renal pathological changes and decrease of ECM protein deposition in glomerulus. Overexpression of CA-FoxO1 in renal cortex also decreased activin type-I receptor-like kinase-5 levels and increased signaling mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) 7 levels, and simultaneously inhibited Smad3 phosphorylation. Results from in vitro study indicated that increased combination of FoxO1 and Smad3 may interfere with the function of Smad3, including Smad3 phosphorylation and translocation, interaction with cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)-binding protein, and binding with PAI-1 promoter. Together, our findings shed light on the novel function of FoxO1 in inhibiting ECM deposition, which is beneficial to ameliorate MC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijun Qin
- Department of Endocrinology (G.Q., Y.Zho., F.G., L.R., L.W., Y.Zha., X.M., Q.W.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; and Institute of Clinical Medicine (Y.Zho., F.G., L.W., Y.Zha.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingni Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology (G.Q., Y.Zho., F.G., L.R., L.W., Y.Zha., X.M., Q.W.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; and Institute of Clinical Medicine (Y.Zho., F.G., L.W., Y.Zha.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Endocrinology (G.Q., Y.Zho., F.G., L.R., L.W., Y.Zha., X.M., Q.W.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; and Institute of Clinical Medicine (Y.Zho., F.G., L.W., Y.Zha.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Endocrinology (G.Q., Y.Zho., F.G., L.R., L.W., Y.Zha., X.M., Q.W.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; and Institute of Clinical Medicine (Y.Zho., F.G., L.W., Y.Zha.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Wu
- Department of Endocrinology (G.Q., Y.Zho., F.G., L.R., L.W., Y.Zha., X.M., Q.W.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; and Institute of Clinical Medicine (Y.Zho., F.G., L.W., Y.Zha.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology (G.Q., Y.Zho., F.G., L.R., L.W., Y.Zha., X.M., Q.W.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; and Institute of Clinical Medicine (Y.Zho., F.G., L.W., Y.Zha.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Department of Endocrinology (G.Q., Y.Zho., F.G., L.R., L.W., Y.Zha., X.M., Q.W.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; and Institute of Clinical Medicine (Y.Zho., F.G., L.W., Y.Zha.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingzhu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology (G.Q., Y.Zho., F.G., L.R., L.W., Y.Zha., X.M., Q.W.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; and Institute of Clinical Medicine (Y.Zho., F.G., L.W., Y.Zha.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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Zhang YY, Guo QY, Wu MY, Zang CS, Ma FZ, Sun T, Wang WN, Miao LN, Xu ZG. p16ink4a Expression Is Increased through 12-Lipoxygenase in High Glucose-Stimulated Glomerular Mesangial Cells and Type 2 Diabetic Glomeruli. Nephron Clin Pract 2015; 130:141-50. [PMID: 26022507 DOI: 10.1159/000431106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Arachidonic acid-metabolizing enzyme, 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO), is involved in the glomerular hypertrophy of diabetic nephropathy (DN), in which cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) play important roles. However, it is unclear whether 12-LO regulates the expression of the CKI p16(ink4a) in DN. METHODS Primary glomerular mesangial cells (MCs) and glomeruli isolated from rats were used in this study. The rats were fed a high-fat diet and given low-dose streptozotocin to induce type 2 diabetes. The 12-LO product, 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE), was infused through an osmotic minipump. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, and morphometric analyses were performed. RESULTS High glucose (HG) increased the p16(ink4a) protein expression in MCs, but this increase was prevented by the 12-LO inhibitor, cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-α-cynanocinnamate (CDC). The levels of p-p38MAPK and p16(ink4a) in MCs were significantly elevated after the 12(S)-HETE treatment, whereas the p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 prevented these increases. Compared with levels in control MCs, marked increases in p38MAPK activation and p16(ink4a) expression were observed in MCs plated on collagen IV, while the CDC treatment prevented these changes. Subcutaneous injection of CDC did not affect glucose levels, but completely attenuated the diabetes-related increases in the 12(S)-HETE content, p16(ink4a) expression, p-p38MAPK levels, glomerular volume, and the kidney/body weight ratio. Compared with levels in controls, p16(ink4a) and p-p38MAPK in the glomeruli derived from 12(S)-HETE-treated rats were significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS 12-LO-p38MAPK mediates the upregulation of p16(ink4a) in HG-stimulated MCs and type 2-diabetic glomeruli, and new therapies aimed at 12-LO inhibition may prove beneficial in ameliorating diabetes-induced glomerular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-yuan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Xu X, Xiao L, Xiao P, Yang S, Chen G, Liu F, Kanwar YS, Sun L. A glimpse of matrix metalloproteinases in diabetic nephropathy. Curr Med Chem 2015; 21:3244-60. [PMID: 25039784 DOI: 10.2174/0929867321666140716092052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes belonging to the family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that are capable of degrading almost all the proteinaceous components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). It is known that MMPs play a role in a number of renal diseases, such as, various forms of glomerulonephritis and tubular diseases, including some of the inherited kidney diseases. In this regard, ECM accumulation is considered to be a hallmark morphologic finding of diabetic nephropathy, which not only is related to the excessive synthesis of matrix proteins, but also to their decreased degradation by the MMPs. In recent years, increasing evidence suggest that there is a good correlation between the activity or expression of MMPs and progression of renal disease in patients with diabetic nephropathy and in various experimental animal models. In such a diabetic milieu, the expression of MMPs is modulated by high glucose, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), TGF-β, reactive oxygen species (ROS), transcription factors and some of the microRNAs. In this review, we focused on the structure and functions of MMPs, and their role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - L Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 415800, China..
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246
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Zúñiga-Muñoz AM, Guarner Lans V, Soria-Castro E, Diaz-Diaz E, Torrico-Lavayen R, Tena-Betancourt E, Pérez-Torres I. 17β Estradiol Modulates Perfusion Pressure and Expression of 5-LOX and CYP450 4A in the Isolated Kidney of Metabolic Syndrome Female Rats. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:149408. [PMID: 26491436 PMCID: PMC4600504 DOI: 10.1155/2015/149408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and progression of nephropathy depend on sex. We examined a protective effect of estradiol against nephropathy in metabolic syndrome through the modulation of the arachidonic acid metabolism by activating the 5-lipoxygenase and cytochrome p450 4A pathways. 28 female Wistar rats were divided into four groups of seven animals each: control, intact metabolic syndrome, ovariectomized metabolic syndrome, and metabolic syndrome ovariectomized plus estradiol. Blood pressure, body weight, body fat, triglycerides, insulin, HOMA-index, albuminuria, and TNF-α were increased in ovariectomized metabolic syndrome rats (p < 0.001). The perfusion pressure in isolated kidneys of ovariectomized metabolic syndrome rats in presence of 4 μg of arachidonic acid was increased. The inhibitors of the arachidonic acid metabolism Baicalein, Miconazole, and Indomethacin in these rats decreased the perfusion pressure by 57.62%, 99.83%, and 108.5%, respectively and they decreased creatinine clearance and the arachidonic acid percentage. Phospholipase A2 expression in the kidney of ovariectomized metabolic syndrome rats was not modified. 5-lipoxygenase was increased in metabolic syndrome ovariectomized rats while cytochrome p450 4A was decreased. In conclusion, the loss of estradiol increases renal damage while the treatment with estradiol benefits renal function by modulating arachidonic acid metabolism through the 5-lipoxygenase and cytochrome p450 4A pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Zúñiga-Muñoz
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1, Sección XVI, 14080 Tlalpan, DF, Mexico
| | - V. Guarner Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1, Sección XVI, 14080 Tlalpan, DF, Mexico
| | - E. Soria-Castro
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1, Sección XVI, 14080 Tlalpan, DF, Mexico
| | - E. Diaz-Diaz
- Department of Reproduction Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, 14000 Tlalpan, DF, Mexico
| | - R. Torrico-Lavayen
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1, Sección XVI, 14080 Tlalpan, DF, Mexico
| | - E. Tena-Betancourt
- Animal Facility Services and Experimental Surgery, Facultad de Medicina Universidad La Salle, Avenue De las Fuentes 17, 14000 Tlalpan, DF, Mexico
| | - I. Pérez-Torres
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1, Sección XVI, 14080 Tlalpan, DF, Mexico
- *I. Pérez-Torres:
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247
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Abstract
Diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, blindness, and nontraumatic lower-limb amputation. The largest reductions in cardiovascular events are seen when multiple risk factors are addressed simultaneously. The benefit of aspirin as secondary prevention in patients with previous stroke or myocardial infarction has been well established. Regular, dilated eye examinations are effective in detecting sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy and have been shown to prevent blindness. The use of appropriate tools and clinical examination/inspection provides greater than 87% specificity in detecting diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Early treatment of risk factors, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia can delay or prevent diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Gilbert
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, 62 Tilley Drive, South Burlington, VT 05403, USA.
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248
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Matrix metalloproteinases as biomarkers of disease: updates and new insights. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 53:349-55. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2014-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a pivotal role in remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM) and are therefore of interest for new diagnostic tools for the clinical management of diseases involving ECM disruption. This setting ranges from the classical areas of MMP studies, such as vascular disease, cancer progression or bone disorders, to new emerging fields of application, such as neurodegenerative disease or sepsis. Increasing the knowledge about the role of MMPs in the pathogenesis of diseases where a clear diagnostic panel is still lacking could provide new insight and improve the identification and the clinical treatment of these human diseases. This review focuses on the latest descriptions of the clinical use of MMP as biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of different diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and metastasis, neurodegenerative disorders and sepsis.
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249
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Stridh S, Palm F, Takahashi T, Ikegami-Kawai M, Hansell P. Inhibition of mTOR activity in diabetes mellitus reduces proteinuria but not renal accumulation of hyaluronan. Ups J Med Sci 2015; 120:233-40. [PMID: 26175092 PMCID: PMC4816883 DOI: 10.3109/03009734.2015.1062442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components is an early sign of diabetic nephropathy. Also the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is elevated in the renal interstitium during experimental diabetes. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway participates in the signaling of hyperglycemia-induced ECM accumulation in the kidney, but this has not yet been investigated for HA. We hypothesized that interstitial HA accumulation during diabetes may involve mTOR activation. METHODS Diabetic rats (6 weeks post-streptozotocin (STZ)) were treated with rapamycin to inhibit mTOR or vehicle for 2 additional weeks. Kidney function (glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, urine output) and regional renal HA content were thereafter analyzed. The ability of the animals to respond to desmopressin was also tested. RESULTS Diabetic animals displayed hyperglycemia, proteinuria, hyperfiltration, renal hypertrophy, increased diuresis with reduced urine osmolality, and reduced weight gain. Cortical and outer medullary HA was elevated in diabetic rats. Urine hyaluronidase activity was almost doubled in diabetic rats compared with controls. The ability to respond to desmopressin was absent in diabetic rats. Renal blood flow and arterial blood pressure were unaffected by the diabetic state. In diabetic rats treated with rapamycin the proteinuria was reduced by 32%, while all other parameters were unaffected. CONCLUSION Regional renal accumulation of the ECM component HA is not sensitive to mTOR inhibition by rapamycin, while proteinuria is reduced in established STZ-induced diabetes. Whether the diabetes-induced renal accumulation of HA occurs through different pathways than other ECM components, or is irreversible after being established, remains to be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Stridh
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Peter Hansell
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: Peter Hansell, Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, BMC, PO Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Han W, Zhao H, Jiao B, Liu F. EPA and DHA increased PPARγ expression and deceased integrin-linked kinase and integrin β1 expression in rat glomerular mesangial cells treated with lipopolysaccharide. Biosci Trends 2014; 8:120-5. [PMID: 24815389 DOI: 10.5582/bst.8.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fish oil containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is known to prevent the progression of nephropathy and retard the progression of kidney disease. This study sought to investigate the underlying mechanisms of EPA and DHA in terms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), integrin-linked kinase (ILK), and integrin β1 expression in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) because of their critical roles in the development and progression of nephropathy. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly reduced the expression of PPARγand increased the expression of ILK at the mRNA level and at the protein level in GMCs as indicated by real-time PCR and Western blotting. In addition, LPS increased integrin β1 expression in GMCs at the mRNA level. Treatment with EPA and DHA significantly increased the expression of PPARγ and decreased the expression of ILK and integrin β1 in GMCs. These data suggest that the renoprotective effects of EPA and DHA may be related to their potential to increase the expression of PPARγ and decrease the expression of ILK and integrin β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Han
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University
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