201
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Das S, Nascimbeni G, de la Morena RO, Ishiwari F, Shoji Y, Fukushima T, Buck M, Zojer E, Zharnikov M. Porous Honeycomb Self-Assembled Monolayers: Tripodal Adsorption and Hidden Chirality of Carboxylate Anchored Triptycenes on Ag. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11168-11179. [PMID: 34125529 PMCID: PMC8320238 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecules with tripodal anchoring to substrates represent a versatile platform for the fabrication of robust self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), complementing the conventional monopodal approach. In this context, we studied the adsorption of 1,8,13-tricarboxytriptycene (Trip-CA) on Ag(111), mimicked by a bilayer of silver atoms underpotentially deposited on Au. While tripodal SAMs frequently suffer from poor structural quality and inhomogeneous bonding configurations, the triptycene scaffold featuring three carboxylic acid anchoring groups yields highly crystalline SAM structures. A pronounced polymorphism is observed, with the formation of distinctly different structures depending on preparation conditions. Besides hexagonal molecular arrangements, the occurrence of a honeycomb structure is particularly intriguing as such an open structure is unusual for SAMs consisting of upright-standing molecules. Advanced spectroscopic tools reveal an equivalent bonding of all carboxylic acid anchoring groups. Notably, density functional theory calculations predict a chiral arrangement of the molecules in the honeycomb network, which, surprisingly, is not apparent in experimental scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images. This seeming discrepancy between theory and experiment can be resolved by considering the details of the actual electronic structure of the adsorbate layer. The presented results represent an exemplary showcase for the intricacy of interpreting STM images of complex molecular films. They are also further evidence for the potential of triptycenes as basic building blocks for generating well-defined layers with unusual structural motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saunak Das
- Angewandte
Physikalische Chemie, Universität
Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giulia Nascimbeni
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Fumitaka Ishiwari
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Manfred Buck
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte
Physikalische Chemie, Universität
Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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202
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Li Y, Liu ZF. Cross-Sphere Electrode Reaction: The Case of Hydroxyl Desorption during the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Pt(111) in Alkaline Media. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6448-6456. [PMID: 34236872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxide ion is a common electrolyte when electrode reactions take place in alkaline media. In the case of oxygen reduction reaction on Pt(111), we demonstrate by ab initio molecular dynamics calculations that the desorption of hydroxyl (OH*) from the electrode surface to form a solvated OH- is a cross-sphere process, with the OH* reactant in the inner sphere and the OH- product directly generated in the aqueous outer sphere. Such a mechanism is distinct from the typical inner sphere and outer sphere reactions. It is dictated by the strong hydrogen bonding interactions between a hydroxide ion and water molecules and is facilitated by proton transfer through solvation layers. It should play a significant role whenever OH* desorption, or its reverse, OH- adsorption, is involved in an electrochemical reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 10, 2nd Yuexing Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen China
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203
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Andriuc O, Siron M, Montoya JH, Horton M, Persson KA. Automated Adsorption Workflow for Semiconductor Surfaces and the Application to Zinc Telluride. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:3908-3916. [PMID: 34288678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Surface adsorption is a crucial step in numerous processes, including heterogeneous catalysis, where the adsorption of key species is often used as a descriptor of efficiency. We present here an automated adsorption workflow for semiconductors which employs density functional theory calculations to generate adsorption data in a high-throughput manner. Starting from a bulk structure, the workflow performs an exhaustive surface search, followed by an adsorption structure construction step, which generates a minimal energy landscape to determine the optimal adsorbate-surface distance. An extensive set of energy-based, charge-based, geometric, and electronic descriptors tailored toward catalysis research are computed and saved to a personal user database. The application of the workflow to zinc telluride, a promising CO2 reduction photocatalyst, is presented as a case study to illustrate the capabilities of this method and its potential as a material discovery tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Andriuc
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Liquid Sunlight Alliance and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Siron
- Liquid Sunlight Alliance and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Toyota Research Institute, Los Altos, California 94022, United States
| | - Joseph H Montoya
- Toyota Research Institute, Los Altos, California 94022, United States
| | - Matthew Horton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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204
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Moayedpour S, Dardzinski D, Yang S, Hwang A, Marom N. Structure prediction of epitaxial inorganic interfaces by lattice and surface matching with Ogre. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:034111. [PMID: 34293896 DOI: 10.1063/5.0051343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a new version of the Ogre open source Python package with the capability to perform structure prediction of epitaxial inorganic interfaces by lattice and surface matching. In the lattice matching step, a scan over combinations of substrate and film Miller indices is performed to identify the domain-matched interfaces with the lowest mismatch. Subsequently, surface matching is conducted by Bayesian optimization to find the optimal interfacial distance and in-plane registry between the substrate and the film. For the objective function, a geometric score function is proposed based on the overlap and empty space between atomic spheres at the interface. The score function reproduces the results of density functional theory (DFT) at a fraction of the computational cost. The optimized interfaces are pre-ranked using a score function based on the similarity of the atomic environment at the interface to the bulk environment. Final ranking of the top candidate structures is performed with DFT. Ogre streamlines DFT calculations of interface energies and electronic properties by automating the construction of interface models. The application of Ogre is demonstrated for two interfaces of interest for quantum computing and spintronics, Al/InAs and Fe/InSb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Moayedpour
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Derek Dardzinski
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Shuyang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Andrea Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Noa Marom
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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205
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Bhasker-Ranganath S, Rahman MS, Zhao C, Calaza F, Wu Z, Xu Y. Elucidating the Mechanism of Ambient-Temperature Aldol Condensation of Acetaldehyde on Ceria. ACS Catal 2021; 11:8621-8634. [PMID: 34306815 PMCID: PMC8294007 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we conclusively demonstrate that acetaldehyde (AcH) undergoes aldol condensation when flown over ceria octahedral nanoparticles, and the reaction is desorption-limited at ambient temperature. trans-Crotonaldehyde (CrH) is the predominant product whose coverage builds up on the catalyst with time on stream. The proposed mechanism on CeO2(111) proceeds via AcH enolization (i.e., α C-H bond scission), C-C coupling, and further enolization and dehydroxylation of the aldol adduct, 3-hydroxybutanal, to yield trans-CrH. The mechanism with its DFT-calculated parameters is consistent with reactivity at ambient temperature and with the kinetic behavior of the aldol condensation of AcH reported on other oxides. The slightly less stable cis-CrH can be produced by the same mechanism depending on how the enolate and AcH are positioned with respect to each other in C-C coupling. All vibrational modes in DRIFTS are identified with AcH or trans-CrH, except for a feature at 1620 cm-1 that is more intense relative to the other bands on the partially reduced ceria sample than on the oxidized sample. It is identified to be the C=C stretch mode of CH3CHOHCHCHO adsorbed on an oxygen vacancy. It constitutes a deep energy minimum, rendering oxygen vacancies an inactive site for CrH formation under given conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Bhasker-Ranganath
- Cain
Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana
State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Md. Saeedur Rahman
- Cain
Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana
State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Chuanlin Zhao
- Cain
Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana
State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Florencia Calaza
- Instituto
de Desarrollo Tecnoloǵico para la Industria Química
(INTEC), CONICET-UNL, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Zili Wu
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ye Xu
- Cain
Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana
State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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206
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Lupan O, Santos-Carballal D, Ababii N, Magariu N, Hansen S, Vahl A, Zimoch L, Hoppe M, Pauporté T, Galstyan V, Sontea V, Chow L, Faupel F, Adelung R, de Leeuw NH, Comini E. TiO 2/Cu 2O/CuO Multi-Nanolayers as Sensors for H 2 and Volatile Organic Compounds: An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:32363-32380. [PMID: 34223766 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
TiO2/Cu2O/CuO multi-nanolayers highly sensitive toward volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and H2 have been grown in various thicknesses by a cost-effective and reproducible combined spray-sputtering-annealing approach. The ultrathin TiO2 films were deposited by spray pyrolysis on top of sputtered-annealed Cu2O/CuO nanolayers to enhance their gas sensing performance and improve their protection against corrosion at high operating temperatures. The prepared heterostructures were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The gas sensing properties were measured at several operating temperatures, where the nanolayered sensors with oxide thicknesses between 20 and 30 nm (Cu2O/CuO nanolayers) exhibited a high response and an excellent selectivity to ethanol vapor after thermal annealing the samples at 420 °C. The results obtained at an operating temperature of 350 °C demonstrate that the CuO/Cu2O nanolayers with thicknesses between 20 and 30 nm are sensitive mainly to ethanol vapor, with a response of ∼150. The response changes from ethanol vapors to hydrogen gas as the thickness of the CuO/Cu2O nanolayers changes from 50 to 20 nm. Density functional theory-based calculations were carried out for the geometries of the CuO(1̅11)/Cu2O(111) and TiO2(111)/CuO(1̅11)/Cu2O(111) heterostructures and their sensing mechanism toward alcohols of different chain lengths and molecular hydrogen. The reconstructed hexagonal Cu2O(111) surface and the reconstructed monoclinic CuO(1̅11) and TiO2(111) facets, all of which terminate in an O layer, lead to the lowest surface energies for each isolated material. We studied the formation of the binary and ternary heteroepitaxial interfaces for the surface planes with the best-matching lattices. Despite the impact of the Cu2O(111) substrate in lowering the atomic charges of the CuO(1̅11) adlayer in the binary sensor, we found that it is the different surface structures of the CuO(1̅11)/Cu2O(111) and TiO2(111)/CuO(1̅11)/Cu2O(111) devices that are fundamental in driving the change in the sensitivity response observed experimentally. The experimental data, supported by the computational results, are important in understanding the use of the multi-nanolayered films tested in this work as reliable, accurate, and selective sensor structures for the tracking of gases at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Lupan
- Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanosensors, Technical University of Moldova, 168 Stefan cel Mare si Sfant Boulevard, MD-2004 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2385, United States
| | | | - Nicolai Ababii
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanosensors, Technical University of Moldova, 168 Stefan cel Mare si Sfant Boulevard, MD-2004 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Nicolae Magariu
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanosensors, Technical University of Moldova, 168 Stefan cel Mare si Sfant Boulevard, MD-2004 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Sandra Hansen
- Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Vahl
- Faculty of Engineering, Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143, 16 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lukas Zimoch
- Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mathias Hoppe
- Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thierry Pauporté
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris-IRCP, Chimie ParisTech, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Université, rue Pierre et Marie Curie 11, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Vardan Galstyan
- Sensor Laboratory, Department of Information Engineering (DII), University of Brescia, Via Valotti 9, 25133 Brescia, Italy
| | - Victor Sontea
- National Center for Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Moldova, 168 Stefan cel Mare si Sfant Boulevard, MD-2004 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
- Department of Nanoelectronics and Surface Modification, Sumy State University, 2 Rymskogo-Korsakova Street, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Lee Chow
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2385, United States
| | - Franz Faupel
- Faculty of Engineering, Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143, 16 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nora H de Leeuw
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabetta Comini
- Sensor Laboratory, Department of Information Engineering (DII), University of Brescia, Via Valotti 9, 25133 Brescia, Italy
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207
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Weak ferroelectric charge transfer in layer-asymmetric bilayers of 2D semiconductors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13422. [PMID: 34183714 PMCID: PMC8239035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In bilayers of two-dimensional semiconductors with stacking arrangements which lack inversion symmetry charge transfer between the layers due to layer-asymmetric interband hybridisation can generate a potential difference between the layers. We analyse bilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)—in particular, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\hbox {WSe}_2$$\end{document}WSe2—for which we find a substantial stacking-dependent charge transfer, and InSe, for which the charge transfer is found to be negligibly small. The information obtained about TMDs is then used to map potentials generated by the interlayer charge transfer across the moiré superlattice in twistronic bilayers.
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208
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Yu Y, Zhou J, Guo Z, Sun Z. Novel Two-Dimensional Janus MoSiGeN 4 and WSiGeN 4 as Highly Efficient Photocatalysts for Spontaneous Overall Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:28090-28097. [PMID: 34115478 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Searching for highly efficient and eco-friendly photocatalysts for water splitting is essential for renewable conversion and storage of inexhaustible solar energy but remains a great challenge. Herein, based on the new emerging two-dimensional (2D) material of MoSi2N4, we report novel Janus MoSiGeN4 and WSiGeN4 structures with excellent stabilities and great potentials in photocatalytic applications through first-principles calculations. Comprehensive studies show that MoSi2N4, MoSiGeN4, and WSiGeN4 exhibit semiconductor characteristics with an indirect gap, appropriate band gaps, and strong optical absorbance in the visible spectrum. Excitingly, by constructing Janus structures, an intrinsic electric field is realized that enhances the spatial separation and anisotropic migration of photoexcited electrons and holes. Further, this strategy can also alter the band alignment to provide an adequate photoexcited carrier driving force for water redox reactions. Moreover, the surface N vacancy can effectively lower the energy demand of both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) so that the catalytic process can be self-sustained under the potential provided by the photocatalyst alone. Particularly, the overall water splitting can proceed simultaneously and spontaneously on the surface of MoSiGeN4 and WSiGeN4 when pH is 3 or ≥8, respectively. These explorations offer new prospects for the design of highly efficient photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Centre for Integrated Computational Materials Science, International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Centre for Integrated Computational Materials Science, International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhonglu Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Boron Nitride Micro and Nano Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Zhimei Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Centre for Integrated Computational Materials Science, International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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209
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Xu L, Stangland EE, Dumesic JA, Mavrikakis M. Hydrodechlorination of 1,2-Dichloroethane on Platinum Catalysts: Insights from Reaction Kinetics Experiments, Density Functional Theory, and Microkinetic Modeling. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lang Xu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Eric E. Stangland
- Core Research and Development, Dow, Midland, Michigan 48667, United States
| | - James A. Dumesic
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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210
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Zhang YF, Pan J, Du S. Geometric, electronic, and optical properties of MoS 2/WSSe van der Waals heterojunctions: a first-principles study. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:355705. [PMID: 34038884 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals (vdW) heterojunctions constructed by vertical stacking two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides hold exciting promise in realizing future atomically thin electronic and optoelectronic devices. Recently, a Janus WSSe structure has been successfully synthesized by using chemical vapor deposition, selective epitaxy atomic replacement, and pulsed laser deposition methods. Herein, based on first-principles calculations, we introduce the structures and performances of MoS2/WSSe vdW heterojunctions with different interfaces and stacking modes. The vdW heterojunctions possess indirect band gaps for S-S interfaces, while direct band gaps for Se-S interfaces. Besides, the potential drop indicates an efficient separation of photogenerated charges. Interestingly, the opposite built-in electric fields formed in the vdW heterojunctions with a S-S interface and a Se-S interface suggest different charge transfer paths, which would motivate further theoretical and experimental investigations on charge transfer dynamics. Moreover, the electronic property is adjustable by applying external in-plane strains, accomplishing with indirect to direct bandgap transition and semiconductor to metal transition. The findings are helpful for the design of multi-functional high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices based on the MoS2/WSSe vdW heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Zhang
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbo Pan
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixuan Du
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
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211
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Martirez JMP, Carter EA. Projector-Free Capped-Fragment Scheme within Density Functional Embedding Theory for Covalent and Ionic Compounds. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:4105-4121. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Mark P. Martirez
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Emily A. Carter
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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212
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Kong L, Liang X, Deng X, Guo C, Wu CL. Adsorption of SF
6
Decomposed Species on Ti
3
C
2
O
2
and Ti
3
C
2
F
2
with Point Defects by DFT Study. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Xiongyi Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Xiangxuan Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Chen Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Chi‐Man Lawrence Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
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213
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Wang H, Zhou Z, Chen H, Xia C, Zhang L, Li X. Gate-tunable chiral phonons in low-buckled group-IVA monolayers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:285704. [PMID: 33962406 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abfee5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the electric response of chiral phonons on the low-buckled group-IVA monolayers by performing first-principles calculations. The vertical electric field breaks the degeneracy of phonon modes at high-symmetry ±Kpoints of the phonon Brillouin zone, and the size of the phononic gap is proportional to the strength of the electric field. The gapped phonon modes at ±Kpossess chiralities with considerable phonon circular polarizations and discrete phonon pseudoangular momenta. The chiralities of phonons are robust against the variation of the field strength, but reversed by changing the field direction. Electric control of chiral phonons adds a new dimension to the study of chiral phonons, which has potential use in the design of phononic and valley devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science (CQTES), NNU-SULI Thermal Energy Research Center (NSTER), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science (CQTES), NNU-SULI Thermal Energy Research Center (NSTER), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongqun Xia
- School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science (CQTES), NNU-SULI Thermal Energy Research Center (NSTER), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifa Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science (CQTES), NNU-SULI Thermal Energy Research Center (NSTER), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science (CQTES), NNU-SULI Thermal Energy Research Center (NSTER), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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214
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Steiner C, Fromm L, Gebhardt J, Liu Y, Heidenreich A, Hammer N, Görling A, Kivala M, Maier S. Host guest chemistry and supramolecular doping in triphenylamine-based covalent frameworks on Au(111). NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9798-9807. [PMID: 34028477 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr09140e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The post-synthetic modification of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) via host-guest chemistry is an important method to tailor their electronic properties for applications. Due to the limited structural control in the assembly of two-dimensional surface-supported COFs, supramolecular networks are traditionally used at present for host-guest experiments on surfaces, which lack structural and thermal stability, however. Here, we present a combined scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory study to understand the host-guest interaction in triphenylamine-based covalently-linked macrocycles and networks on Au(111). These triphenylamine-based structures feature carbonyl and hydrogen functionalized pores that create preferred adsorption sites for trimesic acid (TMA) and halogen atoms. The binding of the TMA through optimized hydrogen-bond interactions is corroborated by selective adsorption positions within the pores. Band structure calculations reveal that the strong intermolecular charge transfer through the TMA bonding reduces the band gap in the triphenylamine COFs, demonstrating the concept of supramolecular doping by host-guest interactions in surface-supported COFs. Halogen atoms selectively adsorb between two carbonyl groups at Au hollow sites. The mainly dispersive interaction of the halogens with the triphenylamine COF leads to a small downshift of the bands. Most of the halogens change their adsorption position selectively upon annealing near the desorption temperature. In conclusion, we demonstrate evidence for supramolecular doping via post-synthetic modification and to track chemical reactions in confined space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steiner
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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215
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Gao W, Elnabawy AO, Hood ZD, Shi Y, Wang X, Roling LT, Pan X, Mavrikakis M, Xia Y, Chi M. Atomistic insights into the nucleation and growth of platinum on palladium nanocrystals. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3215. [PMID: 34078886 PMCID: PMC8173021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the large number of reports on colloidal nanocrystals, very little is known about the mechanistic details in terms of nucleation and growth at the atomistic level. Taking bimetallic core-shell nanocrystals as an example, here we integrate in situ liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy with first-principles calculations to shed light on the atomistic details involved in the nucleation and growth of Pt on Pd cubic seeds. We elucidate the roles played by key synthesis parameters, including capping agent and precursor concentration, in controlling the nucleation site, diffusion path, and growth pattern of the Pt atoms. When the faces of a cubic seed are capped by Br-, Pt atoms preferentially nucleate from corners and then diffuse to edges and faces for the creation of a uniform shell. The diffusion does not occur until the Pt deposited at the corner has reached a threshold thickness. At a high concentration of the precursor, self-nucleation takes place and the Pt clusters then randomly attach to the surface of a seed for the formation of a non-uniform shell. These atomistic insights offer a general guideline for the rational synthesis of nanocrystals with diverse compositions, structures, shapes, and related properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpei Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ahmed O Elnabawy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Zachary D Hood
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yifeng Shi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luke T Roling
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Younan Xia
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Miaofang Chi
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
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216
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Martirez JMP, Carter EA. Metal-to-Ligand Charge-Transfer Spectrum of a Ru-Bipyridine-Sensitized TiO 2 Cluster from Embedded Multiconfigurational Excited-State Theory. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4998-5013. [PMID: 34077662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding optical properties of the dye molecule in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) from first-principles quantum mechanics can contribute to improving the efficiency of such devices. While density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT have been pivotal in simulating optoelectronic properties of photoanodes used in DSSCs at the atomic scale, questions remain regarding DFT's adequacy and accuracy to furnish critical information needed to understand the various excited-state processes involved. Here, we simulate the absorption spectra of a dye-sensitized solar cell analogue, comprised of a Ru-bipyridine (Ru-bpy) dye molecule and a small TiO2 cluster via DFT and via an accurate embedded correlated wavefunction (CW) theory. We generated CW spectra for the adsorbed Ru-bpy dye via a recently introduced capped density functional embedding theory or capped-DFET (to generate the embedding potential that accounts for the interaction of the molecule and the TiO2 cluster). We then combined capped-DFET with the accurate but expensive multiconfigurational complete active space second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2)-embedded CASPT2. Because the CW theory is conducted on only a portion of the total system in the presence of an embedding potential that describes that portion's interaction with its environment, we efficiently obtain CW-quality predictions that reflect local properties of the entire system. Specifically, for example, with capped-DFET and embedded CW theory, we can simulate accurately a plethora of metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited properties at a manageable computational cost. Here, we predict detailed electronic spectra within the visible region, featuring the lowest three singlet and triplet excited states, along with predictions of the singlets' lifetimes. We illustrated these results using a Jablonski diagram that show the relative energy position of the singlet and longer-lived triplet excited states and analyzed and proposed relaxation paths for the excited state corresponding to the most intense but short-lived absorption (interconversion, intersystem crossing, fluorescence, and phosphorescence) that may lead to longer-lived excited states necessary for efficient charge separation required to generate current in solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mark P Martirez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1592, United States
| | - Emily A Carter
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1592, United States.,Office of the Chancellor, University of California, Los Angeles, Box 951405, Los Angeles, California 90095-1405, United States.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-5263, United States
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217
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Ta LT, Hamada I, Morikawa Y, Dinh VA. Adsorption of toxic gases on borophene: surface deformation links to chemisorptions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18279-18287. [PMID: 35480898 PMCID: PMC9033448 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02738g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
β12 borophene has received great attention because of its intriguing mechanical and electronic properties. One of the possible applications of borophene is gas sensing. However, the interaction between common gases and β12 borophene remains to be clarified. In this work, we study the interactions of β12 borophene towards five hazardous gases, namely, CO, NO, NH3, NO2, and CO2 using various non-empirical van der Waals density functionals and provide an insight into the adsorption behavior of borophene. The adsorption mechanism and molecular vibrations are discussed in great detail. Among the gases considered, CO2 is physisorbed while other gases are chemically bonded to β12 borophene. We also demonstrate that the deformation at the ridge of borophene enables its active p z orbital to strongly hybridize with frontier orbitals of the studied polar gases. Consequently, borophene is predicted to interact strongly with CO, NO, NH3, and especially NO2, making it a sensitive sensing material for toxic gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luong Thi Ta
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1, Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Nanotechnology Program, VNU Vietnam Japan University Luu Huu Phuoc Str., My Dinh I, Nam Tu Liem Hanoi, 100000 Vietnam
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Environment, Vietnam Maritime University Le Chan Haiphong, 18000 Vietnam
| | - Ikutaro Hamada
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1, Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8245 Japan
| | - Yoshitada Morikawa
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1, Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8245 Japan
- Research Center for Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Van An Dinh
- Nanotechnology Program, VNU Vietnam Japan University Luu Huu Phuoc Str., My Dinh I, Nam Tu Liem Hanoi, 100000 Vietnam
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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218
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Lévy A, De Anda Villa M, Laurens G, Blanchet V, Bozek J, Gaudin J, Lamour E, Macé S, Mignon P, Milosavljević AR, Nicolas C, Patanen M, Prigent C, Robert E, Steydli S, Trassinelli M, Vernhet D, Veteläinen O, Amans D. Surface Chemistry of Gold Nanoparticles Produced by Laser Ablation in Pure and Saline Water. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:5783-5794. [PMID: 33939435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) is a powerful method for producing nanoparticle colloids with a long-term stability despite the absence of stabilizing organic agents. The colloid stability involves different reactivities and chemical equilibria with complex ionic-specific effects at the nanoparticle/solvent interface which must be strongly influenced by their chemical composition. In this work, the surface composition of PLAL-produced gold nanoparticles in alkaline and saline (NaBr) water is investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on free-flying nanoparticles, exempt from any substrate or radiation damage artifact. The Au 4f photoelectron spectra with a depth profiling investigation are used to evaluate the degree of nanoparticle surface oxidation. In alkaline water, the results preclude any surface oxidation contrary to the case of nanoparticles produced in NaBr solution. In addition, the analysis of Br 3d core-level photoelectron spectra agrees with a clear signature of Br on the nanoparticle surface, which is confirmed by a specific valence band feature. This experimental study is supported by DFT calculations, evaluating the energy balance of halide adsorption on different configurations of gold surfaces including oxidation or adsorbed salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lévy
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS UMR7588, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Manuel De Anda Villa
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS UMR7588, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gaétan Laurens
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR5306 CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, University of Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Valérie Blanchet
- CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), University of Bordeaux, UMR5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - John Bozek
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Gaudin
- CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), University of Bordeaux, UMR5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Emily Lamour
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS UMR7588, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Macé
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS UMR7588, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Mignon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR5306 CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, University of Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Christophe Nicolas
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Minna Patanen
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Christophe Prigent
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS UMR7588, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Robert
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Steydli
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS UMR7588, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Martino Trassinelli
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS UMR7588, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Vernhet
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS UMR7588, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Onni Veteläinen
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - David Amans
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR5306 CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, University of Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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219
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Zhang W, Wang Q, Hu L, Wu J, Shi X. Electrical contacts to few-layer MoS 2 with phase-engineering and metal intercalation for tuning the contact performance. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:184705. [PMID: 34241005 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to Fermi-level pinning in metal-two-dimensional MoS2 junctions, improving the performance of MoS2-based electrical devices is still under extensive study. The device performance of few-layer MoS2 depends strongly on the number of layers. In this work, via density-functional theory calculations, a comprehensive understanding from the atomistic view was reached for the interlayer interaction between metal and few-layer MoS2 with phase-engineering and intercalation doping, which are helpful for improving the contact performance. These two methods are probed to tune the performance of few-layer MoS2-based field-effect transistors, and both of them can tune the Schottky barrier height. Phase-engineering, which means that the MoS2 layer in contact with metal is converted to the T phase, can transform the Schottky barrier from n- to p-type. Intercalation doping, which takes advantage of annealing and results in metal atom interaction in between MoS2 layers, makes the MoS2 layers become quasi-freestanding and converts the indirect bandgap into direct bandgap. Our atomistic insights help improve the performance of few-layer MoS2-based electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiansheng Wu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xingqiang Shi
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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220
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Yun S, Shi J, Si Y, Sun M, Zhang Y, Arshad A, Yang C. Insight into electrocatalytic activity and mechanism of bimetal niobium-based oxides in situ embedded into biomass-derived porous carbon skeleton nanohybrids for photovoltaics and alkaline hydrogen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 601:12-29. [PMID: 34052724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Developing highly-efficient multifunctional electrocatalysts for energy conversion devices is of great importance. A sequence of nano-sized bimetal (Al, Cr, Fe) niobium oxide nanoparticles anchored on aloe peel-derived porous carbon skeleton hybrids (AN/APPC, CN/APPC, and FN/APPC) are successfully prepared via co-precipitation avenue and used as electrocatalysts for photovoltaics and alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction. Benefiting from the synergies between nano-sized metal niobium oxides and highly conductive porous carbon skeleton, these robust polycomponent hybrid electrocatalysts exhibit superior catalytic performances for accelerating the triiodide reduction and hydrogen evolution reaction. The solar cell with AN/APPC electrocatalyst achieves an outstanding device efficiency of 7.31%, superior to that with Pt (6.84%), and the AN/APPC electrocatalyst exhibit an overpotential (131.6 mV) when the current density is 10 mA cm-2 and Tafel slope (54 mV dec-1) in 1 M KOH for hydrogen evolution reaction. The AN/APPC electrocatalysts illustrate remarkable electrochemical durability in both I3-/I- electrolyte and alkaline media. Furthermore, the catalytic mechanism was clarified both from the electronic structure and work function through first-principle density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work opens a new avenue for electrocatalysis field via using nano-sized porous bio-carbon skeleton loaded with niobium-based binary metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sining Yun
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China.
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University City College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, China
| | - Yiming Si
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Menglong Sun
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Yongwei Zhang
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Asim Arshad
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
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221
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Boné T, Windischbacher A, Sättele MS, Greulich K, Egger L, Jauk T, Lackner F, Bettinger HF, Peisert H, Chassé T, Ramsey MG, Sterrer M, Koller G, Puschnig P. Demonstrating the Impact of the Adsorbate Orientation on the Charge Transfer at Organic-Metal Interfaces. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:9129-9137. [PMID: 34055126 PMCID: PMC8154845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Charge-transfer processes at molecule-metal interfaces play a key role in tuning the charge injection properties in organic-based devices and thus, ultimately, the device performance. Here, the metal's work function and the adsorbate's electron affinity are the key factors that govern the electron transfer at the organic/metal interface. In our combined experimental and theoretical work, we demonstrate that the adsorbate's orientation may also be decisive for the charge transfer. By thermal cycloreversion of diheptacene isomers, we manage to produce highly oriented monolayers of the rodlike, electron-acceptor molecule heptacene on a Cu(110) surface with molecules oriented either along or perpendicular to the close-packed metal rows. This is confirmed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images as well as by angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (ARUPS). By utilizing photoemission tomography momentum maps, we show that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is fully occupied and also, the LUMO + 1 gets significantly filled when heptacene is oriented along the Cu rows. Conversely, for perpendicularly aligned heptacene, the molecular energy levels are shifted significantly toward the Fermi energy, preventing charge transfer to the LUMO + 1. These findings are fully confirmed by our density functional calculations and demonstrate the possibility to tune the charge transfer and level alignment at organic-metal interfaces through the adjustable molecular alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marie S. Sättele
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Greulich
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Larissa Egger
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Jauk
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Lackner
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Peisert
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Chassé
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Sterrer
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Koller
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Puschnig
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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222
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Luy JN, Molla M, Pecher L, Tonner R. Efficient hierarchical models for reactivity of organic layers on semiconductor surfaces. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:827-839. [PMID: 33617671 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Computational modeling of organic interface formation on semiconductors poses a challenge to a density functional theory-based description due to structural and chemical complexity. A hierarchical approach is presented, where parts of the interface are successively removed in order to increase computational efficiency while maintaining the necessary accuracy. First, a benchmark is performed to probe the validity of this approach for three model reactions and five dispersion corrected density functionals. Reaction energies are generally well reproduced by generalized gradient approximation-type functionals but accurate reaction barriers require the use of hybrid functionals. Best performance is found for the model system that does not explicitly consider the substrate but includes its templating effects. Finally, this efficient model is used to provide coverage dependent reaction energies and suggest synthetic principles for the prevention of unwanted growth termination reactions for organic layers on semiconductor surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Niclas Luy
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 2, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mahlet Molla
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Pecher
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Tonner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 2, Leipzig, Germany
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223
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Kano K, Hagiwara S, Igarashi T, Otani M. Study on the free corrosion potential at an interface between an Al electrode and an acidic aqueous NaCl solution through density functional theory combined with the reference interaction site model. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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224
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Structure sensitivity of ammonia electro-oxidation on transition metal surfaces: A first-principles study. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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225
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Zhu TY, Shu DJ. Polarization-Controlled Surface Defect Formation in a Hybrid Perovskite. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3898-3906. [PMID: 33861073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid perovskites have two properties that are absent in traditional inorganic photovoltaic materials, namely, polarization and mobile ionic defects, the interaction between which may introduce new features into the materials. By using the first-principles calculations, we find that the formation energies of the vacancy defects at a tetragonal MAPbI3(110) surface are highly related to the surface polarization. The positive total polarization and local polarization of MA facilitate the formation of surface MA vacancies, whereas the negative total polarization and local polarization of MAI are favorable for the formation of surface iodine vacancies. The phenomena can be explained quantitatively on the basis of the two kinds of Coulomb interactions between the charged defect and the polarization-induced electrostatic field. The comprehensive insights into the interaction between the polarization and the ionic defects in hybrid perovskites can provide a new avenue for defect control for high-performance perovskite solar cells via surface polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yuan Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Da-Jun Shu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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226
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Jeindl A, Domke J, Hörmann L, Sojka F, Forker R, Fritz T, Hofmann OT. Nonintuitive Surface Self-Assembly of Functionalized Molecules on Ag(111). ACS NANO 2021; 15:6723-6734. [PMID: 33728893 PMCID: PMC8155339 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of nanomaterials involves self-ordering processes of functional molecules on inorganic surfaces. To obtain specific molecular arrangements, a common strategy is to equip molecules with functional groups. However, focusing on the functional groups alone does not provide a comprehensive picture. Especially at interfaces, processes that govern self-ordering are complex and involve various physical and chemical effects, often leading to unexpected structures, as we showcase here on the example of a homologous series of quinones on Ag(111). Naively, one could expect that such quinones, which all bear the same functionalization, form similar motifs. In salient contrast, our joint theoretical and experimental study shows that profoundly different structures are formed. Using a machine-learning-based structure search algorithm, we find that this is due to a shift of the balance of three antagonizing driving forces: adsorbate-substrate interactions governing adsorption sites, adsorbate-adsorbate interactions favoring close packing, and steric hindrance inhibiting certain otherwise energetically beneficial molecular arrangements. The theoretical structures show excellent agreement with our experimental characterizations of the organic/inorganic interfaces, both for the unit cell sizes and the orientations of the molecules within. The nonintuitive interplay of similarly important interaction mechanisms will continue to be a challenging aspect for the design of functional interfaces. With a detailed examination of all driving forces, we are, however, still able to devise a design principle for self-assembly of functionalized molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Jeindl
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jari Domke
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lukas Hörmann
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Falko Sojka
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Roman Forker
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Fritz
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver T. Hofmann
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
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227
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Surendralal S, Todorova M, Neugebauer J. Impact of Water Coadsorption on the Electrode Potential of H-Pt(1 1 1)-Liquid Water Interfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:166802. [PMID: 33961474 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.166802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory molecular dynamics simulations of H-covered Pt(111)-H_{2}O interfaces reveal that, in contrast to common understanding, H_{2}O coadsorption has a significant impact on the electrode potential of and plays a major role in determining the stability of H adsorbates under electrochemical conditions. Based on these insights, we explain the origin behind the experimentally observed upper limit of H coverage well below one monolayer and derive a chemically intuitive model for metal-water bonding that explains an unexpectedly large interaction between coadsorbed water and adsorbates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarsan Surendralal
- Department of Computational Materials Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mira Todorova
- Department of Computational Materials Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Neugebauer
- Department of Computational Materials Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
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228
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Beattie JMA, Goss JP, Rayson MJ, Briddon PR. Structure and electron affinity of the 4H-SiC (0001) surfaces: a methodological approach for polar systems. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:165003. [PMID: 33752180 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abf0be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to accurately and consistently determine the surface electronic properties of polar materials is of great importance for device applications. Polar surface modelling is fundamentally limited by the spontaneous polarisation of these materials in a periodic boundary condition scheme. Surface data are sensitive to supercell parameters, including slab and vacuum thicknesses, as well as the non-equivalence of surface adsorbates on opposite surfaces. Using 4H-SiC as a specific case, this study explores calculation of electron affinities (EAs) of (0001̄) and (0001) surfaces varying chemical termination as a function of computational parameters. We report the impact in terms of band-gap, electric fields across the vacuum and slab for single and double cell slab models, where the latter is constructed with inversional symmetry to eliminate the electric field in the vacuum regions. We find that single cells are sensitive to both slab and vacuum thickness. The band-gap narrows with slab thickness, ultimately vanishing and inducing charge transfer between opposite surfaces. This has a consequence for predicted EAs. Adsorbate species are found to play a crucial role in the rate of narrowing. Back to back cells with inversional symmetry have larger electric fields present across the slab than the single slab cases, resulting in a greater band-gap narrowing effect, but the vacuum thickness dependence is completely removed. We discuss the relative merits of the two approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M A Beattie
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - J P Goss
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - M J Rayson
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - P R Briddon
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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229
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Elnabawy AO, Herron JA, Liang Z, Adzic RR, Mavrikakis M. Formic Acid Electrooxidation on Pt or Pd Monolayer on Transition-Metal Single Crystals: A First-Principles Structure Sensitivity Analysis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O. Elnabawy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Herron
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zhixiu Liang
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Radoslav R. Adzic
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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230
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Hofmann OT, Zojer E, Hörmann L, Jeindl A, Maurer RJ. First-principles calculations of hybrid inorganic-organic interfaces: from state-of-the-art to best practice. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:8132-8180. [PMID: 33875987 PMCID: PMC8237233 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06605b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The computational characterization of inorganic-organic hybrid interfaces is arguably one of the technically most challenging applications of density functional theory. Due to the fundamentally different electronic properties of the inorganic and the organic components of a hybrid interface, the proper choice of the electronic structure method, of the algorithms to solve these methods, and of the parameters that enter these algorithms is highly non-trivial. In fact, computational choices that work well for one of the components often perform poorly for the other. As a consequence, default settings for one materials class are typically inadequate for the hybrid system, which makes calculations employing such settings inefficient and sometimes even prone to erroneous results. To address this issue, we discuss how to choose appropriate atomistic representations for the system under investigation, we highlight the role of the exchange-correlation functional and the van der Waals correction employed in the calculation and we provide tips and tricks how to efficiently converge the self-consistent field cycle and to obtain accurate geometries. We particularly focus on potentially unexpected pitfalls and the errors they incur. As a summary, we provide a list of best practice rules for interface simulations that should especially serve as a useful starting point for less experienced users and newcomers to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver T Hofmann
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Lukas Hörmann
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Andreas Jeindl
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Reinhard J Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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231
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Li M, Hua B, Wang LC, Sugar JD, Wu W, Ding Y, Li J, Ding D. Switching of metal–oxygen hybridization for selective CO2 electrohydrogenation under mild temperature and pressure. Nat Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-021-00590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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232
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233
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Wang L, Li G, Wu P, Shen K, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Xiao R. Promoting effect of Pd modification on the M/TiO2 (M = V, Ce, Mn) catalyst for catalytic oxidation of dichloromethane (DCM). Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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234
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Polymerization of silanes through dehydrogenative Si-Si bond formation on metal surfaces. Nat Chem 2021; 13:350-357. [PMID: 33782562 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00651-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Element-element double bonds of group 14 elements can be formed in solution, but generally only by applying harsh reductive conditions using sterically highly shielded tetryl halides as precursors. The two-dimensional confinement in surface-assisted polymerization represents a valuable alternative to access such reactive compounds, as it allows shielding of the labile entities without requiring bulky residues and catalytic activation of the reactive groups. Here, we demonstrate Si-Si bond formation in on-surface chemistry. Polymerization upon multiple Si-H bond dissociation and subsequent Si-Si bond formation was achieved on Au(111) and Cu(111) surfaces by using two different monomers, each containing two silicon functional groups (CH3SiH2 or SiH3) attached to an aromatic backbone, leading to polymeric disilenes that interact with the surface. A combination of experimental and theoretical studies corroborates the formation of covalent Si-Si bonds between the long, highly ordered polymer chains with high diastereoselectivity. The reactive Si=Si bonds formally generated via double dehydrogenative coupling are stabilized via covalent Si-surface interaction.
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235
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Chen JL, Zhang RQ. Strong Interaction between Cyclo[18]Carbon and Graphene. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jialu L. Chen
- Department of Physics City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Ruiqin Q. Zhang
- Department of Physics City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing 100193 P. R. China
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236
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Chen BWJ, Bhandari S, Mavrikakis M. Role of Hydrogen-bonded Bimolecular Formic Acid–Formate Complexes for Formic Acid Decomposition on Copper: A Combined First-Principles and Microkinetic Modeling Study. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W. J. Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Saurabh Bhandari
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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237
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Zhang X, Wang S. Interfacial Strengthening of Graphene/Aluminum Composites through Point Defects: A First-Principles Study. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:738. [PMID: 33804166 PMCID: PMC8001873 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between point defects and mechanical properties has not been fully understood yet from a theoretical perspective. This study systematically investigated how the Stone-Wales (SW) defect, the single vacancy (SV), and the double vacancy (DV) affect the mechanical properties of graphene/aluminum composites. The interfacial bonding energies containing the SW and DV defects were about twice that of the pristine graphene. Surprisingly, the interfacial bonding energy of the composites with single vacancy was almost four times that of without defect in graphene. These results indicate that point defects enhance the interfacial bonding strength significantly and thus improve the mechanical properties of graphene/aluminum composites, especially the SV defect. The differential charge density elucidates that the formation of strong Al-C covalent bonds at the defects is the most fundamental reason for improving the mechanical properties of graphene/aluminum composites. The theoretical research results show the defective graphene as the reinforcing phase is more promising to be used in the metal matrix composites, which will provide a novel design guideline for graphene reinforced metal matrix composites. Furthermore, the sp3-hybridized C dangling bonds increase the chemical activity of the SV graphene, making it possible for the SV graphene/aluminum composites to be used in the catalysis field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shaoqing Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
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238
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Srivastava R. Application of Optimization Algorithms in Clusters. Front Chem 2021; 9:637286. [PMID: 33777900 PMCID: PMC7994592 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.637286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural characterization of clusters or nanoparticles is essential to rationalize their size and composition-dependent properties. As experiments alone could not provide complete picture of cluster structures, so independent theoretical investigations are needed to find out a detail description of the geometric arrangement and corresponding properties of the clusters. The potential energy surfaces (PES) are explored to find several minima with an ultimate goal of locating the global minima (GM) for the clusters. Optimization algorithms, such as genetic algorithm (GA), basin hopping method and its variants, self-consistent basin-to-deformed-basin mapping, heuristic algorithm combined with the surface and interior operators (HA-SIO), fast annealing evolutionary algorithm (FAEA), random tunneling algorithm (RTA), and dynamic lattice searching (DLS) have been developed to solve the geometrical isomers in pure elemental clusters. Various model or empirical potentials (EPs) as Lennard-Jones (LJ), Born-Mayer, Gupta, Sutton-Chen, and Murrell-Mottram potentials are used to describe the bonding in different type of clusters. Due to existence of a large number of homotops in nanoalloys, genetic algorithm, basin-hopping algorithm, modified adaptive immune optimization algorithm (AIOA), evolutionary algorithm (EA), kick method and Knowledge Led Master Code (KLMC) are also used. In this review the optimization algorithms, computational techniques and accuracy of results obtained by using these mechanisms for different types of clusters will be discussed.
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239
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Lei C, Chittari BL, Nomura K, Banerjee N, Jung J, MacDonald AH. Magnetoelectric Response of Antiferromagnetic CrI 3 Bilayers. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1948-1954. [PMID: 33600723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We predict that layer antiferromagnetic bilayers formed from van der Waals (vdW) materials with weak interlayer versus intralayer exchange coupling have strong magnetoelectric response that can be detected in dual-gated devices where internal displacement fields and carrier densities can be varied independently. We illustrate this strong temperature-dependent magnetoelectric response in bilayer CrI3 at charge neutrality by calculating the gate voltage-dependent total magnetization through Monte Carlo simulations and mean-field solutions of the anisotropic Heisenberg model informed from density functional theory and experimental data and present a simple model for electrical control of magnetism by electrostatic doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lei
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Bheema L Chittari
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Kentaro Nomura
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai Aoba-ku 980-8577, Japan
| | - Nepal Banerjee
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
- Department of Smart Cities, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Jeil Jung
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
- Department of Smart Cities, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Allan H MacDonald
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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240
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Zhang J, Zhang YF, Li Y, Ren YR, Huang S, Lin W, Chen WK. Blue-AsP monolayer as a promising anode material for lithium- and sodium-ion batteries: a DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:5143-5151. [PMID: 33624671 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05879c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on first-principle calculations, we proposed a one two-dimensional (2D) blue AsP (b-AsP) monolayer as an ideal anode material for lithium/sodium-ion (Li/Na-ion) batteries for the first time. The b-AsP monolayer possesses thermal and dynamic stabilities. The system undergoes the transition from semiconductor to metal after Li/Na atoms are embedded, which ensures good electric transportation. Most remarkably, our results indicate that the b-AsP monolayer exhibits high theoretical capacities of 1011.2 mA h g-1 (for Li) and 1769.6 mA h g-1 (for Na), low average open circuit voltages of 0.17 eV for Li4AsP and 0.14 eV for Na7AsP systems and ultrafast diffusivity with the low energy barriers of 0.17/0.15 eV and 0.08/0.07 eV of the P/As sides for Li and Na, respectively. Given these exceptional properties, the synthesis of a buckled b-AsP monolayer is desired to achieve a promising electrode material for Li- and Na-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
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241
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Brill AR, Biswas S, Caspary Toroker M, de Ruiter G, Koren E. Dipole-Induced Raman Enhancement Using Noncovalent Azobenzene-Functionalized Self-Assembled Monolayers on Graphene Terraces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:10271-10278. [PMID: 33591709 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a promising material in the field of interface science, especially for noncovalent functionalization, sensing, and for applications in catalysis and nanoelectronics. The noncovalent self-assembly of aromatic molecules on graphene promotes electronic coupling through π-π interactions that allows for quenching of the fluorescence of adsorbent molecules and the enhancement of their Raman spectra via graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (GERS). Although recent work has explored the Raman enhancement on mono- and bilayer graphene, the layer dependence of both electronic phenomena (i.e., fluorescence quenching and Raman enhancement) has largely remained underexplored. Similarly, the effect of near-surface molecular dipoles on GERS has sparsely been examined. In this work, we employ self-assembled monolayers of azobenzene-decorated triazatriangulene molecules (AzoTATA) on graphene terraces to examine the effect of switchable molecular dipoles on the GERS effect, which occurs as a function of azobenzene photoisomerization. Furthermore, using empirical and computational methods, we present a systematic study for deriving the mechanism of GERS enhancement and fluorescence quenching on graphene terraces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Brill
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Santu Biswas
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Maytal Caspary Toroker
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Graham de Ruiter
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Elad Koren
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
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242
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The interactions between nitrogen oxides and α-uranium surface. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2021.100945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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243
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Arabchigavkani N, Somphonsane R, Ramamoorthy H, He G, Nathawat J, Yin S, Barut B, He K, Randle MD, Dixit R, Sakanashi K, Aoki N, Zhang K, Wang L, Mei WN, Dowben PA, Fransson J, Bird JP. Remote Mesoscopic Signatures of Induced Magnetic Texture in Graphene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:086802. [PMID: 33709762 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.086802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mesoscopic conductance fluctuations are a ubiquitous signature of phase-coherent transport in small conductors, exhibiting universal character independent of system details. In this Letter, however, we demonstrate a pronounced breakdown of this universality, due to the interplay of local and remote phenomena in transport. Our experiments are performed in a graphene-based interaction-detection geometry, in which an artificial magnetic texture is induced in the graphene layer by covering a portion of it with a micromagnet. When probing conduction at some distance from this region, the strong influence of remote factors is manifested through the appearance of giant conductance fluctuations, with amplitude much larger than e^{2}/h. This violation of one of the fundamental tenets of mesoscopic physics dramatically demonstrates how local considerations can be overwhelmed by remote signatures in phase-coherent conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arabchigavkani
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - R Somphonsane
- Department of Physics, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - H Ramamoorthy
- Department of Electronics Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - G He
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - J Nathawat
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - S Yin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - B Barut
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - K He
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - M D Randle
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - R Dixit
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - K Sakanashi
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - N Aoki
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - K Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - W-N Mei
- Department of Physics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, USA
| | - P A Dowben
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Theodore Jorgensen Hall, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, USA
| | - J Fransson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J P Bird
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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244
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Hulva J, Meier M, Bliem R, Jakub Z, Kraushofer F, Schmid M, Diebold U, Franchini C, Parkinson GS. Unraveling CO adsorption on model single-atom catalysts. Science 2021; 371:375-379. [PMID: 33479148 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe5757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how the local environment of a "single-atom" catalyst affects stability and reactivity remains a challenge. We present an in-depth study of copper1, silver1, gold1, nickel1, palladium1, platinum1, rhodium1, and iridium1 species on Fe3O4(001), a model support in which all metals occupy the same twofold-coordinated adsorption site upon deposition at room temperature. Surface science techniques revealed that CO adsorption strength at single metal sites differs from the respective metal surfaces and supported clusters. Charge transfer into the support modifies the d-states of the metal atom and the strength of the metal-CO bond. These effects could strengthen the bond (as for Ag1-CO) or weaken it (as for Ni1-CO), but CO-induced structural distortions reduce adsorption energies from those expected on the basis of electronic structure alone. The extent of the relaxations depends on the local geometry and could be predicted by analogy to coordination chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hulva
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Meier
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Computational Materials Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Bliem
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zdenek Jakub
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Cesare Franchini
- Computational Materials Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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245
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Pagaduan JN, Hight-Huf N, Datar A, Nagar Y, Barnes M, Naveh D, Ramasubramaniam A, Katsumata R, Emrick T. Electronic Tuning of Monolayer Graphene with Polymeric "Zwitterists". ACS NANO 2021; 15:2762-2770. [PMID: 33512145 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Work function engineering of two-dimensional (2D) materials by application of polymer coatings represents a research thrust that promises to enhance the performance of electronic devices. While polymer zwitterions have been demonstrated to significantly modify the work function of both metal electrodes and 2D materials due to their dipole-rich structure, the impact of zwitterion chemical structure on work function modulation is not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we synthesized a series of sulfobetaine-based zwitterionic random copolymers with variable substituents and used them in lithographic patterning for the preparation of negative-tone resists (i.e., "zwitterists") on monolayer graphene. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy indicated a significant work function reduction, as high as 1.5 eV, induced by all polymer zwitterions when applied as ultrathin films (<10 nm) on monolayer graphene. Of the polymers studied, the piperidinyl-substituted version, produced the largest dipole normal to the graphene sheet, thereby inducing the maximum work function reduction. Density functional theory calculations probed the influence of zwitterion composition on dipole orientation, while lithographic patterning allowed for evaluation of surface potential contrast via Kelvin probe force microscopy. Overall, this polymer "zwitterist" design holds promise for fine-tuning 2D materials electronics with spatial control based on the chemistry of the polymer coating and the dimensions of the lithographic patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yehiel Nagar
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | | | - Doron Naveh
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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246
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Seidu A, Dvorak M, Rinke P, Li J. Atomic and electronic structure of cesium lead triiodide surfaces. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:074712. [PMID: 33607880 DOI: 10.1063/5.0035448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The (001) surface of the emerging photovoltaic material cesium lead triiodide (CsPbI3) is studied. Using first-principles methods, we investigate the atomic and electronic structure of cubic (α) and orthorhombic (γ) CsPbI3. For both phases, we find that CsI-termination is more stable than PbI2-termination. For the CsI-terminated surface, we then compute and analyze the surface phase diagram. We observe that surfaces with added or removed units of nonpolar CsI and PbI2 are most stable. The corresponding band structures reveal that the α phase exhibits surface states that derive from the conduction band. The surface reconstructions do not introduce new states in the bandgap of CsPbI3, but for the α phase, we find additional surface states at the conduction band edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azimatu Seidu
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Marc Dvorak
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Patrick Rinke
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Jingrui Li
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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247
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Luan D, Jiang H. Theoretical study of surface segregation and ordering in Ni-based bimetallic surface alloys. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:074702. [PMID: 33607899 DOI: 10.1063/5.0037913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ni-based bimetallic materials are promising for a series of important heterogeneous catalytic reactions because of their low cost and potential high activity. In order to understand their catalytic performances in catalytic processes, it is important to know the structural properties of these bimetallic surfaces, including, in particular, how the guest metal is distributed in the nickle host at finite temperature. By using the cluster expansion model built on density-functional theory calculations, combined with Monte Carlo simulation, we study the segregation and ordering behaviors in several frequently studied Ni-based bimetallic catalysts NiX (X = Fe, Co, and Cu). We found that Ni tends to segregate to the top most layer of the surface in NiFe and NiCo, while Cu tends to segregate to the topmost layer of NiCu surfaces. NiCo and NiCu lose short-range order quickly as the temperature increases. Under low temperature, NiFe forms an ordered Ni3Fe structure, which, however, disappears above 550 K because of the order-disorder transition. These findings can provide important information for the understanding of the stability and activity of Ni-based bimetallic catalysts at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Luan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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248
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Abstract
Despite its high thermodynamic stability, the presence of a negative electric field is known to facilitate the activation of CO2 through electrostatic effects. To utilize electric fields for a reverse water gas shift reaction, it is critical to elucidate the role of an electric field on a catalyst surface toward activating a CO2 molecule. We conduct a first-principles study to gain an atomic and electronic description of adsorbed CO2 on YSZ (111) surfaces when external electric fields of +1 V/Å, 0 V/Å, and −1 V/Å are applied. We find that the application of an external electric field generally destabilizes oxide bonds, where the direction of the field affects the location of the most favorable oxygen vacancy. The direction of the field also drastically impacts how CO2 adsorbs on the surface. CO2 is bound by physisorption when a +1 V/Å field is applied, a similar interaction as to how it is adsorbed in the absence of a field. This interaction changes to chemisorption when the surface is exposed to a −1 V/Å field value, resulting in the formation of a CO3− complex. The strong interaction is reflected through a direct charge transfer and an orbital splitting within the Olatticep-states. While CO2 remains physisorbed when a +1 V/Å field value is applied, our total density of states analysis indicates that a positive field pulls the charge away from the adsorbate, resulting in a shift of its bonding and antibonding peaks to higher energies, allowing a stronger interaction with YSZ (111). Ultimately, the effect of an electric field toward CO2 adsorption is not negligible, and there is potential in utilizing electric fields to favor the thermodynamics of CO2 reduction on heterogeneous catalysts.
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249
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Sättele M, Windischbacher A, Egger L, Haags A, Hurdax P, Kirschner H, Gottwald A, Richter M, Bocquet F, Soubatch S, Tautz FS, Bettinger HF, Peisert H, Chassé T, Ramsey MG, Puschnig P, Koller G. Going beyond Pentacene: Photoemission Tomography of a Heptacene Monolayer on Ag(110). THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:2918-2925. [PMID: 33603943 PMCID: PMC7883341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c09062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Longer acenes such as heptacene are promising candidates for optoelectronic applications but are unstable in their bulk structure as they tend to dimerize. This makes the growth of well-defined monolayers and films problematic. In this article, we report the successful preparation of a highly oriented monolayer of heptacene on Ag(110) by thermal cycloreversion of diheptacenes. In a combined effort of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we characterize the electronic and structural properties of the molecule on the surface in detail. Our investigations allow us to unambiguously confirm the successful fabrication of a highly oriented complete monolayer of heptacene and to describe its electronic structure. By comparing experimental momentum maps of photoemission from frontier orbitals of heptacene and pentacene, we shed light on differences between these two acenes regarding their molecular orientation and energy-level alignment on the metal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie
S. Sättele
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University
of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Windischbacher
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz
5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Larissa Egger
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz
5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anja Haags
- Peter
Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum
Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich
Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals
of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Experimental
Physics IV A, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp Hurdax
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz
5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hans Kirschner
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt, Abbestr.
2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Gottwald
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt, Abbestr.
2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Richter
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt, Abbestr.
2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - François
C. Bocquet
- Peter
Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum
Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich
Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals
of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Serguei Soubatch
- Peter
Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum
Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich
Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals
of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - F. Stefan Tautz
- Peter
Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum
Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich
Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals
of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Experimental
Physics IV A, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Peisert
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University
of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Chassé
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University
of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael G. Ramsey
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz
5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Puschnig
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz
5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Koller
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz
5, 8010 Graz, Austria
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250
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Li Z, Liu X, Jiang J, Mi W, Bai H. Electric field induced reversal of spin polarization, magnetic anisotropy and tailored Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in underoxidized SrRuO 3/SrTiO 3 heterostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:3008-3018. [PMID: 33480932 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06362b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electric field tailored magnetic properties of the perovskite-type oxide heterostructures are important in spintronic devices with low energy consumption and small size. Here, the electric field modulated magnetic properties of underoxidized SrRuO3 (SRO)/SrTiO3 (STO) heterostructures are investigated using first-principles calculations. The spin polarization of underoxidized SRO/STO heterostructures turns from negative to positive as the electric field changes from -0.2 to 0.2 V nm-1. The underoxidized SRO/STO heterostructure with 7 SRO atomic layers turns from perpendicular magnetic anisotropy to in-plane magnetic anisotropy as the electric field turns from -0.2 to 0.2 V nm-1, which can be attributed to the in-plane dx2-y2 and out-of-plane dxz, dyz orbitals. The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction of underoxidized SRO/STO heterostructures can also be effectively tailored using an electric field. These results indicate that the use of electric field is an effective method to modulate magnetic properties of perovskite-type oxide heterostructures, which is beneficial for the development of the high-performance spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengjie Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
| | - Xiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
| | - Jiawei Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
| | - Wenbo Mi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
| | - Haili Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
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