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Jones DM, Murray CM, Ketelaar KJ, Thomas JJ, Villalobos JA, Wallace IS. The Emerging Role of Protein Phosphorylation as a Critical Regulatory Mechanism Controlling Cellulose Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:684. [PMID: 27252710 PMCID: PMC4877384 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls are extracellular matrices that surround plant cells and critically influence basic cellular processes, such as cell division and expansion. Cellulose is a major constituent of plant cell walls, and this paracrystalline polysaccharide is synthesized at the plasma membrane by a large protein complex known as the cellulose synthase complex (CSC). Recent efforts have identified numerous protein components of the CSC, but relatively little is known about regulation of cellulose biosynthesis. Numerous phosphoproteomic surveys have identified phosphorylation events in CSC associated proteins, suggesting that protein phosphorylation may represent an important regulatory control of CSC activity. In this review, we discuss the composition and dynamics of the CSC in vivo, the catalog of CSC phosphorylation sites that have been identified, the function of experimentally examined phosphorylation events, and potential kinases responsible for these phosphorylation events. Additionally, we discuss future directions in cellulose synthase kinase identification and functional analyses of CSC phosphorylation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, RenoNV, USA
| | - Christian M. Murray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, RenoNV, USA
| | - KassaDee J. Ketelaar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, RenoNV, USA
| | - Joseph J. Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, RenoNV, USA
| | - Jose A. Villalobos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, RenoNV, USA
| | - Ian S. Wallace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, RenoNV, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, RenoNV, USA
- *Correspondence: Ian S. Wallace,
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202
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Hu Z, Lv X, Xia X, Zhou J, Shi K, Yu J, Zhou Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Calcium-dependent Protein Kinase in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:469. [PMID: 27092168 PMCID: PMC4824780 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) play critical roles in regulating growth, development and stress response in plants. Information about CDPKs in tomato, however, remains obscure although it is one of the most important model crops in the world. In this study, we performed a bioinformatics analysis of the entire tomato genome and identified 29 CDPK genes. These CDPK genes are found to be located in 12 chromosomes, and could be divided into four groups. Analysis of the gene structure and splicing site reflected high structure conservation within different CDPK gene groups both in the exon-intron pattern and mRNA splicing. Transcripts of most CDPK genes varied with plant organs and developmental stages and their transcripts could be differentially induced by abscisic acid (ABA), brassinosteroids (BRs), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and salicylic acid (SA), as well as after exposure to heat, cold, and drought, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the genome-wide analysis of the CDPK gene family in tomato, and the findings obtained offer a clue to the elaborated regulatory role of CDPKs in plant growth, development and stress response in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjian Hu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangzhang Lv
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyHangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyHangzhou, China
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203
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Mohanta TK, Mohanta N, Mohanta YK, Bae H. Genome-Wide Identification of Calcium Dependent Protein Kinase Gene Family in Plant Lineage Shows Presence of Novel D-x-D and D-E-L Motifs in EF-Hand Domain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1146. [PMID: 26734045 PMCID: PMC4690006 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ions are considered ubiquitous second messengers in eukaryotic signal transduction pathways. Intracellular Ca(2+) concentration are modulated by various signals such as hormones and biotic and abiotic stresses. Modulation of Ca(2+) ion leads to stimulation of calcium dependent protein kinase genes (CPKs), which results in regulation of gene expression and therefore mediates plant growth and development as well as biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we reported the CPK gene family of 40 different plant species (950 CPK genes) and provided a unified nomenclature system for all of them. In addition, we analyzed their genomic, biochemical and structural conserved features. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that the kinase domain, auto-inhibitory domain and EF-hands regions of regulatory domains are highly conserved in nature. Additionally, the EF-hand domains of higher plants were found to contain four D-x-D and two D-E-L motifs, while lower eukaryotic plants had two D-x-D and one D-x-E motifs in their EF-hands. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CPK genes are clustered into four different groups. By studying the CPK gene family across the plant lineage, we provide the first evidence of the presence of D-x-D motif in the calcium binding EF-hand domain of CPK proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K. Mohanta
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Nibedita Mohanta
- Department Of Biotechnology, North Orissa UniversityBaripada, India
| | | | - Hanhong Bae
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan, South Korea
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204
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Gravino M, Savatin DV, Macone A, De Lorenzo G. Ethylene production in Botrytis cinerea- and oligogalacturonide-induced immunity requires calcium-dependent protein kinases. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 84:1073-86. [PMID: 26485342 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant immunity against pathogens is achieved through rapid activation of defense responses that occur upon sensing of microbe- or damage-associated molecular patterns, respectively referred to as MAMPs and DAMPs. Oligogalacturonides (OGs), linear fragments derived from homogalacturonan hydrolysis by pathogen-secreted cell wall-degrading enzymes, and flg22, a 22-amino acid peptide derived from the bacterial flagellin, represent prototypical DAMPs and MAMPs, respectively. Both types of molecules induce protection against infections. In plants, like in animals, calcium is a second messenger that mediates responses to biotic stresses by activating calcium-binding proteins. Here we show that simultaneous loss of calcium-dependent protein kinases CPK5, CPK6 and CPK11 affects Arabidopsis thaliana basal as well as elicitor- induced resistance to the necrotroph Botrytis cinerea, by affecting pathogen-induced ethylene production and accumulation of the ethylene biosynthetic enzymes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase 2 (ACS2) and 6 (ACS6). Moreover, ethylene signaling contributes to OG-triggered immunity activation, and lack of CPK5, CPK6 and CPK11 affects the duration of OG- and flg22-induced gene expression, indicating that these kinases are shared elements of both DAMP and MAMP signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Gravino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'C. Darwin', Sapienza - Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Daniel Valentin Savatin
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'C. Darwin', Sapienza - Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Alberto Macone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche 'A. Rossi Fanelli', Sapienza - Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Giulia De Lorenzo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'C. Darwin', Sapienza - Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
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205
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Wang JP, Xu YP, Munyampundu JP, Liu TY, Cai XZ. Calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) and CDPK-related kinase (CRK) gene families in tomato: genome-wide identification and functional analyses in disease resistance. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 291:661-76. [PMID: 26520101 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) and CDPK-related kinases (CRKs) play multiple roles in plant. Nevertheless, genome-wide identification of these two families is limited to several plant species, and role of CRKs in disease resistance remains unclear. In this study, we identified the CDPK and CRK gene families in genome of the economically important crop tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and analyzed their function in resistance to various pathogens. Twenty-nine CDPK and six CRK genes were identified in tomato genome. Both SlCDPK and SlCRK proteins harbored an STKc_CAMK type protein kinase domain, while only SlCDPKs contained EF-hand type Ca(2+) binding domain(s). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that plant CRK family diverged early from CDPKs, and shared a common ancestor gene with subgroup IV CDPKs. Subgroup IV SlCDPK proteins were basic and their genes contained 11 introns, which were distinguished from other subgroups but similar to CRKs. Subgroup I SlCDPKs generally did not carry an N-terminal myristoylation motif while those of the remaining subgroups and SlCRKs universally did. SlCDPK and SlCRK genes were differently responsive to pathogenic stimuli. Furthermore, silencing analyses demonstrated that SlCDPK18 and SlCDPK10 positively regulated nonhost resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and host resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000, respectively, while SlCRK6 positively regulated resistance to both Pst DC3000 and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in tomato. In conclusion, CRKs apparently evolved from CDPK lineage, SlCDPK and SlCRK genes regulate a wide range of resistance and SlCRK6 is the first CRK gene proved to function in plant disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Peng Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - You-Ping Xu
- Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jean-Pierre Munyampundu
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tian-Yu Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin-Zhong Cai
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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206
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Xu Y, Li X, Lin J, Wang Z, Yang Q, Chang Y. Transcriptome sequencing and analysis of major genes involved in calcium signaling pathways in pear plants (Pyrus calleryana Decne.). BMC Genomics 2015; 16:738. [PMID: 26424153 PMCID: PMC4590731 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pears (Pyrus spp. L.) are an important genus of trees that produce one of the world’s oldest fruit crops. Salinity stress is a common limiting factor for plant productivity that significantly affects the flavor and nutritional quality of pear fruits. Much research has shown that calcium signaling pathways, mediated by Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) and their interacting kinases (CIPKs), are closely associated with responses to stresses, including salt. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that govern the relationship between salt stress and calcium signaling pathways in pear plants. The available genomic information for pears has promoted much functional genomic analysis and molecular breeding of the genus. This provided an ample foundation for characterizing the transcriptome of pear under salt stress. Results A high-throughput Illumina RNA-seq technology was used to identify a total of 78,695 unigenes that were successfully annotated by BLASTX analysis, using the publicly available protein database. Additionally, 2,855 novel transcripts, 218,167 SNPs, 23,248 indels and 18,322 alternative splicing events occurred. Assembled unique sequences were annotated and classified with Gene Ontology (GO), Clusters of Orthologous Group (COG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, which revealed that the main activated genes in pear are predominately involved in functions such as basic physiological processes, metabolic pathways, operation of cellular components, signal transduction mechanisms, and other molecular activities. Through targeted searches of the annotations, the majority of the genes involved in calcium signaling pathways were identified, among which, four genes were validated by molecular cloning, while 11 were validated by RT-qPCR expression profiles under salt stress treatment. Conclusions These results facilitate a better understanding of the molecular genetics and functional genomic mechanisms of salt stress in pear plants. Furthermore, they provide a valuable foundation for additional research on the molecular biology and functional genomics of pear and related species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1887-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xu
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Horticulture, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Horticulture, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lin
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Horticulture, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Horticulture, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Yang
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Horticulture, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhong Chang
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Horticulture, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China.
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207
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Chen L, Fan J, Hu L, Hu Z, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Lou Y, Nevo E, Fu J. A transcriptomic analysis of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) provides novel insights into the basis of low temperature tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:216. [PMID: 26362029 PMCID: PMC4566850 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold stress is regarded as a key factor limiting widespread use for bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon). Therefore, to improve cold tolerance for bermudagrass, it is urgent to understand molecular mechanisms of bermudagrass response to cold stress. However, our knowledge about the molecular responses of this species to cold stress is largely unknown. The objective of this study was to characterize the transcriptomic response to low temperature in bermudagrass by using RNA-Seq platform. RESULTS Ten cDNA libraries were generated from RNA samples of leaves from five different treatments in the cold-resistant (R) and the cold-sensitive (S) genotypes, including 4 °C cold acclimation (CA) for 24 h and 48 h, freezing (-5 °C) treatments for 4 h with or without prior CA, and controls. When subjected to cold acclimation, global gene expressions were initiated more quickly in the R genotype than those in the S genotype. The R genotype activated gene expression more effectively in response to freezing temperature after 48 h CA than the S genotype. The differentially expressed genes were identified as low temperature sensing and signaling-related genes, functional proteins and transcription factors, many of which were specifically or predominantly expressed in the R genotype under cold treatments, implying that these genes play important roles in the enhanced cold hardiness of bermudagrass. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis for DEGs revealed that photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and carbon fixation pathways play key roles in bermudagrass response to cold stress. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study may contribute to our understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the responses of bermudagrass to cold stress, and also provide important clues for further study and in-depth characterization of cold-resistance breeding candidate genes in bermudagrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture and Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
| | - Jibiao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture and Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Longxing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture and Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
| | - Zhengrong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture and Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture and Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Yanhong Lou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture and Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
| | - Eviatar Nevo
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, 31905, Israel.
| | - Jinmin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture and Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
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208
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Hu W, Hou X, Xia Z, Yan Y, Wei Y, Wang L, Zou M, Lu C, Wang W, Peng M. Genome-wide survey and expression analysis of the calcium-dependent protein kinase gene family in cassava. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 291:241-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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209
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Mohanta TK, Mohanta N, Mohanta YK, Parida P, Bae H. Genome-wide identification of Calcineurin B-Like (CBL) gene family of plants reveals novel conserved motifs and evolutionary aspects in calcium signaling events. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:189. [PMID: 26245459 PMCID: PMC4527274 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium ions, the most versatile secondary messenger found in plants, are involved in the regulation of diverse arrays of plant growth and development, as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses. The calcineurin B-like proteins are one of the most important genes that act as calcium sensors. RESULTS In this study, we identified calcineurin B-like gene family members from 38 different plant species and assigned a unique nomenclature to each of them. Sequence analysis showed that, the CBL proteins contain three calcium binding EF-hand domain that contains several conserved Asp and Glu amino acid residues. The third EF-hand of the CBL protein was found to posses the D/E-x-D calcium binding sensor motif. Phylogenetic analysis showed that, the CBL genes fall into six different groups. Additionally, except group B CBLs, all the CBL proteins were found to contain N-terminal palmitoylation and myristoylation sites. An evolutionary study showed that, CBL genes are evolved from a common ancestor and subsequently diverged during the course of evolution of land plants. Tajima's neutrality test showed that, CBL genes are highly polymorphic and evolved via decreasing population size due to balanced selection. Differential expression analysis with cold and heat stress treatment led to differential modulation of OsCBL genes. CONCLUSIONS The basic architecture of plant CBL genes is conserved throughout the plant kingdom. Evolutionary analysis showed that, these genes are evolved from a common ancestor of lower eukaryotic plant lineage and led to broadening of the calcium signaling events in higher eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University Gyeongsan, Gyeongbook, 712-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nibedita Mohanta
- Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University, Sri Ramchandra Vihar, Takatpur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Orissa, 757003, India.
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Department of Botany, North Orissa University, Sri Ramchandra Vihar, Takatpur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Orissa, 757003, India.
| | - Pratap Parida
- Center for studies in Biotechnology, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, Assam, India.
| | - Hanhong Bae
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University Gyeongsan, Gyeongbook, 712-749, Republic of Korea.
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210
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Zhu X, Dunand C, Snedden W, Galaud JP. CaM and CML emergence in the green lineage. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:483-9. [PMID: 26115779 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is a well-studied calcium sensor that is ubiquitous in all eukaryotes and contributes to signaling during developmental processes and adaptation to environmental stimuli. Among eukaryotes, plants have a remarkable variety of CaM-like proteins (CMLs). The expansion of genomic data sets offers the opportunity to explore CaM and CML evolution among the green lineage from algae to land plants. Database analysis indicates that a striking diversity of CaM and CMLs evolved in angiosperms during terrestrial colonization and reveals the emergence of new CML classes throughout the green lineage that correlate with the acquisition of novel biological traits. Here, we speculate that expansion of the CML family was driven by selective pressures to process environmental signals efficiently as plants adapted to land environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhu
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS, UMR 5546, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Christophe Dunand
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS, UMR 5546, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Wayne Snedden
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ONT K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Galaud
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS, UMR 5546, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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211
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Dubrovina AS, Kiselev KV, Khristenko VS, Aleynova OA. VaCPK20, a calcium-dependent protein kinase gene of wild grapevine Vitis amurensis Rupr., mediates cold and drought stress tolerance. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 185:1-12. [PMID: 26264965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, cold and heat, are major environmental factors that limit crop productivity. Vitis amurensis Rupr. is a wild grapevine species displaying a high level of abiotic and biotic stress resistance. Protein kinases, including Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), are known to mediate plant acclimation to various environmental changes. However, the functions of most grape CDPKs have not been clarified. A recent CDPK gene expression analysis revealed that 10 CDPK genes of V. amurensis were up-regulated under different abiotic stress treatments. The expression of the VaCPK20 gene was significantly up-regulated under low and high temperature stress in V. amurensis. In the current study, the effects of overexpressing the VaCPK20 gene in callus cell lines of V. amurensis and transgenic plants of A. thaliana on their responses to abiotic stresses were investigated. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing the VaCPK20 gene showed higher tolerance to freezing and drought stresses, and transgenic grape cell cultures overexpressing the VaCPK20 gene showed higher resistance to cold stress in comparison with the controls transformed by the "empty" vector. Heat and salt stress resistance of the transgenic V. amurensis calli and A. thaliana was comparable to that of the wild type and vector controls. Overexpression of the VaCPK20 gene increased the expression of stress-responsive genes, such as COR47, NHX1, KIN1, or ABF3, in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants under non-stress conditions, after freezing, and under drought stress. The results imply that VaCPK20 may act as a regulatory factor involved in cold and drought stress response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Dubrovina
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Konstantin V Kiselev
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vladivostok 690090, Russia
| | - Valeriya S Khristenko
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vladivostok 690090, Russia
| | - Olga A Aleynova
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
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212
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Li G, Boudsocq M, Hem S, Vialaret J, Rossignol M, Maurel C, Santoni V. The calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK7 acts on root hydraulic conductivity. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1312-20. [PMID: 25366820 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The hydraulic conductivity of plant roots (Lp(r)) is determined in large part by the activity of aquaporins. Mechanisms occurring at the post-translational level, in particular phosphorylation of aquaporins of the plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2 (PIP2) subfamily, are thought to be of critical importance for regulating root water transport. However, knowledge of protein kinases and phosphatases acting on aquaporin function is still scarce. In the present work, we investigated the Lp(r) of knockout Arabidopsis plants for four Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases. cpk7 plants showed a 30% increase in Lp(r) because of a higher aquaporin activity. A quantitative proteomic analysis of wild-type and cpk7 plants revealed that PIP gene expression and PIP protein quantity were not correlated and that CPK7 has no effect on PIP2 phosphorylation. In contrast, CPK7 exerts a negative control on the cellular abundance of PIP1s, which likely accounts for the higher Lp(r) of cpk7. In addition, this study revealed that the cellular amount of a few additional proteins including membrane transporters is controlled by CPK7. The overall work provides evidence for CPK7-dependent stability of specific membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Li
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, INRA/CNRS/SupAgro/UM2, UMR 5004, 2 Place Viala, Montpellier Cedex 1, 34060, France
| | - Marie Boudsocq
- Saclay Plant Sciences, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR2355, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, 91198, France
| | - Sonia Hem
- Laboratoire de Protéomique Fonctionnelle, UR1199, 1 Place Viala, Montpellier Cedex 1, 34060, France
| | - Jérôme Vialaret
- Laboratoire de Protéomique Fonctionnelle, UR1199, 1 Place Viala, Montpellier Cedex 1, 34060, France
| | - Michel Rossignol
- Laboratoire de Protéomique Fonctionnelle, UR1199, 1 Place Viala, Montpellier Cedex 1, 34060, France
| | - Christophe Maurel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, INRA/CNRS/SupAgro/UM2, UMR 5004, 2 Place Viala, Montpellier Cedex 1, 34060, France
| | - Véronique Santoni
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, INRA/CNRS/SupAgro/UM2, UMR 5004, 2 Place Viala, Montpellier Cedex 1, 34060, France
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213
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Zhang K, Han YT, Zhao FL, Hu Y, Gao YR, Ma YF, Zheng Y, Wang YJ, Wen YQ. Genome-wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the CDPK Gene Family in Grape, Vitis spp. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:164. [PMID: 26122404 PMCID: PMC4485369 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0552-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) play vital roles in plant growth and development, biotic and abiotic stress responses, and hormone signaling. Little is known about the CDPK gene family in grapevine. RESULTS In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the 12X grape genome (Vitis vinifera) and identified nineteen CDPK genes. Comparison of the structures of grape CDPK genes allowed us to examine their functional conservation and differentiation. Segmentally duplicated grape CDPK genes showed high structural conservation and contributed to gene family expansion. Additional comparisons between grape and Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrated that several grape CDPK genes occured in the corresponding syntenic blocks of Arabidopsis, suggesting that these genes arose before the divergence of grapevine and Arabidopsis. Phylogenetic analysis divided the grape CDPK genes into four groups. Furthermore, we examined the expression of the corresponding nineteen homologous CDPK genes in the Chinese wild grape (Vitis pseudoreticulata) under various conditions, including biotic stress, abiotic stress, and hormone treatments. The expression profiles derived from reverse transcription and quantitative PCR suggested that a large number of VpCDPKs responded to various stimuli on the transcriptional level, indicating their versatile roles in the responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, we examined the subcellular localization of VpCDPKs by transiently expressing six VpCDPK-GFP fusion proteins in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts; this revealed high variability consistent with potential functional differences. CONCLUSIONS Taken as a whole, our data provide significant insights into the evolution and function of grape CDPKs and a framework for future investigation of grape CDPK genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Tao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Rong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Fei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Zheng
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Yue-Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying-Qiang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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214
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Genome-wide expression patterns of calcium-dependent protein kinases in Toxoplasma gondii. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:304. [PMID: 26040276 PMCID: PMC4459671 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are found in plants and some Apicomplexan parasites but not in animals or fungi. CDPKs have been shown to play important roles in various calcium-signaling pathways such as host cell invasion, egress and protein secretion in Toxoplasma gondii. The objectives of the present study were to examine the T. gondii CDPK genes expression patterns during different development stages and stress responses. Methods We carried out a comprehensive expression analysis of CDPK genes based on previously published microarray datasets, and we also used real time quantitative RT-PCR to study ten T. gondii CDPK genes expression patterns under acid, alkali, high temperature and low temperature conditions. Results Microarrays analysis indicated that some TgCDPK genes exhibited different expression levels in IFN-γ stimuli conditions or at different developmental stages, suggesting that CDPK genes may play different roles in these processes. Expression profiles under low temperature, high temperature, acid and alkaline indicated that most CDPK may be involved in regulating high temperature, acid and alkaline signaling pathways. Conclusions We present a genome-wide expression analysis of CDPK genes in T. gondii for the first time, and the mRNA levels change with abiotic and biotic stresses, suggesting their functional roles in these processes. These results will provide a solid basis for future functional studies of the CDPK gene family in T. gondii. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0917-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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215
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Zou JJ, Li XD, Ratnasekera D, Wang C, Liu WX, Song LF, Zhang WZ, Wu WH. Arabidopsis CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE8 and CATALASE3 Function in Abscisic Acid-Mediated Signaling and H2O2 Homeostasis in Stomatal Guard Cells under Drought Stress. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:1445-60. [PMID: 25966761 PMCID: PMC4456645 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major threat to plant growth and crop productivity. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs, CPKs) are believed to play important roles in plant responses to drought stress. Here, we report that Arabidopsis thaliana CPK8 functions in abscisic acid (ABA)- and Ca(2+)-mediated plant responses to drought stress. The cpk8 mutant was more sensitive to drought stress than wild-type plants, while the transgenic plants overexpressing CPK8 showed enhanced tolerance to drought stress compared with wild-type plants. ABA-, H2O2-, and Ca(2+)-induced stomatal closing were impaired in cpk8 mutants. Arabidopsis CATALASE3 (CAT3) was identified as a CPK8-interacting protein, confirmed by yeast two-hybrid, coimmunoprecipitation, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. CPK8 can phosphorylate CAT3 at Ser-261 and regulate its activity. Both cpk8 and cat3 plants showed lower catalase activity and higher accumulation of H2O2 compared with wild-type plants. The cat3 mutant displayed a similar drought stress-sensitive phenotype as cpk8 mutant. Moreover, ABA and Ca(2+) inhibition of inward K(+) currents were diminished in guard cells of cpk8 and cat3 mutants. Together, these results demonstrated that CPK8 functions in ABA-mediated stomatal regulation in responses to drought stress through regulation of CAT3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Disna Ratnasekera
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lian-Fen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen-Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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216
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Zhou L, Lan W, Chen B, Fang W, Luan S. A calcium sensor-regulated protein kinase, CALCINEURIN B-LIKE PROTEIN-INTERACTING PROTEIN KINASE19, is required for pollen tube growth and polarity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:1351-60. [PMID: 25713341 PMCID: PMC4378171 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.256065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Calcium plays an essential role in pollen tube tip growth. However, little is known concerning the molecular basis of the signaling pathways involved. Here, we identified Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CALCINEURIN B-LIKE PROTEIN-INTERACTING PROTEIN KINASE19 (CIPK19) as an important element to pollen tube growth through a functional survey for CIPK family members. The CIPK19 gene was specifically expressed in pollen grains and pollen tubes, and its overexpression induced severe loss of polarity in pollen tube growth. In the CIPK19 loss-of-function mutant, tube growth and polarity were significantly impaired, as demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo pollen tube growth assays. Genetic analysis indicated that disruption of CIPK19 resulted in a male-specific transmission defect. Furthermore, loss of polarity induced by CIPK19 overexpression was associated with elevated cytosolic Ca2+ throughout the bulging tip, whereas LaCl3, a Ca2+ influx blocker, rescued CIPK19 overexpression-induced growth inhibition. Our results suggest that CIPK19 may be involved in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis through its potential function in the modulation of Ca2+ influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z., W.F.);Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China (W.L., S.L.);College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (B.C.); andDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (S.L.)
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z., W.F.);Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China (W.L., S.L.);College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (B.C.); andDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (S.L.)
| | - Binqing Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z., W.F.);Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China (W.L., S.L.);College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (B.C.); andDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (S.L.)
| | - Wei Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z., W.F.);Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China (W.L., S.L.);College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (B.C.); andDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (S.L.)
| | - Sheng Luan
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z., W.F.);Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China (W.L., S.L.);College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (B.C.); andDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (S.L.)
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217
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Bigeard J, Colcombet J, Hirt H. Signaling mechanisms in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:521-39. [PMID: 25744358 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In nature, plants constantly have to face pathogen attacks. However, plant disease rarely occurs due to efficient immune systems possessed by the host plants. Pathogens are perceived by two different recognition systems that initiate the so-called pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), both of which are accompanied by a set of induced defenses that usually repel pathogen attacks. Here we discuss the complex network of signaling pathways occurring during PTI, focusing on the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bigeard
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA/CNRS/Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne/Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA/CNRS/Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne/Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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218
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Chen J, Gutjahr C, Bleckmann A, Dresselhaus T. Calcium signaling during reproduction and biotrophic fungal interactions in plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:595-611. [PMID: 25660409 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Many recent studies have indicated that cellular communications during plant reproduction, fungal invasion, and defense involve identical or similar molecular players and mechanisms. Indeed, pollen tube invasion and sperm release shares many common features with infection of plant tissue by fungi and oomycetes, as a tip-growing intruder needs to communicate with the receptive cells to gain access into a cell and tissue. Depending on the compatibility between cells, interactions may result in defense, invasion, growth support, or cell death. Plant cells stimulated by both pollen tubes and fungal hyphae secrete, for example, small cysteine-rich proteins and receptor-like kinases are activated leading to intracellular signaling events such as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the generation of calcium (Ca(2+)) transients. The ubiquitous and versatile second messenger Ca(2+) thereafter plays a central and crucial role in modulating numerous downstream signaling processes. In stimulated cells, it elicits both fast and slow cellular responses depending on the shape, frequency, amplitude, and duration of the Ca(2+) transients. The various Ca(2+) signatures are transduced into cellular information via a battery of Ca(2+)-binding proteins. In this review, we focus on Ca(2+) signaling and discuss its occurrence during plant reproduction and interactions of plant cells with biotrophic filamentous microbes. The participation of Ca(2+) in ROS signaling pathways is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Chen
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Faculty of Biology Genetics, Biocenter Martinsried, University of Munich (LMU), Grosshaderner Strasse 2-4, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andrea Bleckmann
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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219
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Zhao R, Sun H, Zhao N, Jing X, Shen X, Chen S. The Arabidopsis Ca²⁺-dependent protein kinase CPK27 is required for plant response to salt-stress. Gene 2015; 563:203-14. [PMID: 25791495 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) play vital roles in plant adaptations to environmental challenges. The precise regulatory mechanism of CDPKs in mediating salt stress still remains unclear, although several CDPK members have been identified to be involved in salt stress accumulation in various plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. Here, we investigated the function of an Arabidopsis CDPK, CPK27, in salt stress-signaling. CPK27 is a membrane-localized protein kinase; its expression was induced by NaCl. cpk27-1, a T-DNA insertion mutant of CPK27, was much more sensitive to salt stress than wild-type plants in terms of seed germination and post-germination seedling growth. In ion-flux assay, cpk27-1 mutants exhibited a lower capacity than wild-type plants to extrude Na(+) and import H(+) after a long-term salt treatment (110mM NaCl for 10days). Moreover, the content of Na(+) was higher and K(+) was lower in cpk27-1 mutants than in wild-type plants under salt stress. In addition, the level of salt-elicited H2O2 production was higher in cpk27-1 mutants than in wild-type plants Col after a short-term NaCl shock and long-term salt treatment. Collectively, our results suggest that CPK27 is required for plant adaptation to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Huimin Sun
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Nan Zhao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaoshu Jing
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xin Shen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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220
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Adachi H, Yoshioka H. Kinase-mediated orchestration of NADPH oxidase in plant immunity. Brief Funct Genomics 2015; 14:253-9. [PMID: 25740095 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elv004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signalling molecules, which participate in multiple physiological processes including immune response, development, cell elongation and hormonal signalling in plants. Plant NADPH oxidase, termed respiratory burst oxidase homologue (RBOH), is frequently studied as a main player for pathogen-responsive ROS burst. Our understanding of the activation mechanism of RBOH after pathogen recognition has increased in recent years. In this review, we focus on kinase-mediated regulatory mechanisms of RBOHs. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are well known to activate RBOHs by direct phosphorylation. In addition to functions of CDPKs in plants, we also describe the involvement of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in fine-tuning RBOH activity at the post-translational and transcriptional levels, respectively.
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221
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Weckwerth P, Ehlert B, Romeis T. ZmCPK1, a calcium-independent kinase member of the Zea mays CDPK gene family, functions as a negative regulator in cold stress signalling. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:544-58. [PMID: 25052912 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) have been shown to play important roles in plant environmental stress signal transduction. We report on the identification of ZmCPK1 as a member of the maize (Zea mays) CDPK gene family involved in the regulation of the maize cold stress response. Based upon in silico analysis of the Z. mays cv. B73 genome, we identified that the maize CDPK gene family consists of 39 members. Two CDPK members were selected whose gene expression was either increased (Zmcpk1) or decreased (Zmcpk25) in response to cold exposure. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that ZmCPK1 displays calcium-independent protein kinase activity. The C-terminal calcium-binding domain of ZmCPK1 was sufficient to mediate calcium independency of a previously calcium-dependent enzyme in chimeric ZmCPK25-CPK1 proteins. Furthermore, co-transfection of maize mesophyll protoplasts with active full-length ZmCPK1 suppressed the expression of a cold-induced marker gene, Zmerf3 (ZmCOI6.21). In accordance, heterologous overexpression of ZmCPK1 in Arabidopsis thaliana yielded plants with altered acclimation-induced frost tolerance. Our results identify ZmCPK1 as a negative regulator of cold stress signalling in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Weckwerth
- Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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222
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Genome-wide analysis and expression of the calcium-dependent protein kinase gene family in cucumber. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 290:1403-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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223
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Hochmal AK, Schulze S, Trompelt K, Hippler M. Calcium-dependent regulation of photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:993-1003. [PMID: 25687895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of calcium as a second messenger in plants has been growing intensively over the last decades. Recently, attention has been drawn to the organelles, especially the chloroplast but focused on the stromal Ca2+ transients in response to environmental stresses. Herein we will expand this view and discuss the role of Ca2+ in photosynthesis. Moreover we address of how Ca2+ is delivered to chloroplast stroma and thylakoids. Thereby, new light is shed on the regulation of photosynthetic electron flow and light-dependent metabolism by the interplay of Ca2+, thylakoid acidification and redox status. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chloroplast biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karina Hochmal
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulze
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
| | - Kerstin Trompelt
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany.
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Chen Q, Luo H, Zhang C, Chen YPP. Bioinformatics in protein kinases regulatory network and drug discovery. Math Biosci 2015; 262:147-56. [PMID: 25656386 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases have been implicated in a number of diseases, where kinases participate many aspects that control cell growth, movement and death. The deregulated kinase activities and the knowledge of these disorders are of great clinical interest of drug discovery. The most critical issue is the development of safe and efficient disease diagnosis and treatment for less cost and in less time. It is critical to develop innovative approaches that aim at the root cause of a disease, not just its symptoms. Bioinformatics including genetic, genomic, mathematics and computational technologies, has become the most promising option for effective drug discovery, and has showed its potential in early stage of drug-target identification and target validation. It is essential that these aspects are understood and integrated into new methods used in drug discovery for diseases arisen from deregulated kinase activity. This article reviews bioinformatics techniques for protein kinase data management and analysis, kinase pathways and drug targets and describes their potential application in pharma ceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Chen
- School of Computer, Electronic and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, China.
| | - Haiqiong Luo
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Chengqi Zhang
- Centre for Quantum Computation & Intelligent Systems, University of Technology, Sydney P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Yi-Ping Phoebe Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, La Trobe University, Vic 3086, Australia.
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225
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Manimaran P, Mangrauthia SK, Sundaram RM, Balachandran SM. Constitutive expression and silencing of a novel seed specific calcium dependent protein kinase gene in rice reveals its role in grain filling. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 174:41-8. [PMID: 25462965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+) sensor protein kinases are prevalent in most plant species including rice. They play diverse roles in plant signaling mechanism. Thirty one CDPK genes have been identified in rice and some are functionally characterized. In the present study, the newly identified rice CDPK gene OsCPK31 was functionally validated by overexpression and silencing in Taipei 309 rice cultivar. Spikelets of overexpressing plants showed hard dough stage within 15d after pollination (DAP) with rapid grain filling and early maturation. Scanning electron microscopy of endosperm during starch granule formation confirmed early grain filling. Further, seeds of overexpressing transgenic lines matured early (20-22 DAP) and the average number of maturity days reduced significantly. On the other hand, silencing lines showed more number of unfilled spikelet without any difference in maturity duration. It will be interesting to further decipher the role of OsCPK31 in biological pathways associated with distribution of photosynthetic assimilates during grain filling stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Manimaran
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Directorate of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Satendra K Mangrauthia
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Directorate of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - R M Sundaram
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Directorate of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S M Balachandran
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Directorate of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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226
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Hu X, Wu L, Zhao F, Zhang D, Li N, Zhu G, Li C, Wang W. Phosphoproteomic analysis of the response of maize leaves to drought, heat and their combination stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015. [PMID: 25999967 DOI: 10.3389/flps.2015.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Drought and heat stress, especially their combination, greatly affect crop production. Many studies have described transcriptome, proteome and phosphoproteome changes in response of plants to drought or heat stress. However, the study about the phosphoproteomic changes in response of crops to the combination stress is scare. To understand the mechanism of maize responses to the drought and heat combination stress, phosphoproteomic analysis was performed on maize leaves by using multiplex iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic and LC-MS/MS methods. Five-leaf-stage maize was subjected to drought, heat or their combination, and the leaves were collected. Globally, heat, drought and the combined stress significantly changed the phosphorylation levels of 172, 149, and 144 phosphopeptides, respectively. These phosphopeptides corresponded to 282 proteins. Among them, 23 only responded to the combined stress and could not be predicted from their responses to single stressors; 30 and 75 only responded to drought and heat, respectively. Notably, 19 proteins were phosphorylated on different sites in response to the single and combination stresses. Of the seven significantly enriched phosphorylation motifs identified, two were common for all stresses, two were common for heat and the combined stress, and one was specific to the combined stress. The signaling pathways in which the phosphoproteins were involved clearly differed among the three stresses. Functional characterization of the phosphoproteins and the pathways identified here could lead to new targets for the enhancement of crop stress tolerance, which will be particularly important in the face of climate change and the increasing prevalence of abiotic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liuji Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feiyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Biotechnology Nanjing, China
| | - Nana Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guohui Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaohao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou, China
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227
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Hu X, Wu L, Zhao F, Zhang D, Li N, Zhu G, Li C, Wang W. Phosphoproteomic analysis of the response of maize leaves to drought, heat and their combination stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:298. [PMID: 25999967 PMCID: PMC4419667 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought and heat stress, especially their combination, greatly affect crop production. Many studies have described transcriptome, proteome and phosphoproteome changes in response of plants to drought or heat stress. However, the study about the phosphoproteomic changes in response of crops to the combination stress is scare. To understand the mechanism of maize responses to the drought and heat combination stress, phosphoproteomic analysis was performed on maize leaves by using multiplex iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic and LC-MS/MS methods. Five-leaf-stage maize was subjected to drought, heat or their combination, and the leaves were collected. Globally, heat, drought and the combined stress significantly changed the phosphorylation levels of 172, 149, and 144 phosphopeptides, respectively. These phosphopeptides corresponded to 282 proteins. Among them, 23 only responded to the combined stress and could not be predicted from their responses to single stressors; 30 and 75 only responded to drought and heat, respectively. Notably, 19 proteins were phosphorylated on different sites in response to the single and combination stresses. Of the seven significantly enriched phosphorylation motifs identified, two were common for all stresses, two were common for heat and the combined stress, and one was specific to the combined stress. The signaling pathways in which the phosphoproteins were involved clearly differed among the three stresses. Functional characterization of the phosphoproteins and the pathways identified here could lead to new targets for the enhancement of crop stress tolerance, which will be particularly important in the face of climate change and the increasing prevalence of abiotic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Liuji Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Feiyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of BiotechnologyNanjing, China
| | - Nana Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Guohui Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Chaohao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wang, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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228
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Cai H, Cheng J, Yan Y, Xiao Z, Li J, Mou S, Qiu A, Lai Y, Guan D, He S. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of calcium-dependent protein kinase and its closely related kinase genes in Capsicum annuum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:737. [PMID: 26442050 PMCID: PMC4584942 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
As Ca2+ sensors and effectors, calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) play important roles in plant growth, development, and response to environmental cues. However, no CDPKs have been characterized in Capsicum annuum thus far. Herein, a genome wide comprehensive analysis of genes encoding CDPKs and CDPK-related protein kinases (CRKs) was performed in pepper, a total of 31 CDPK genes and five closely related kinase genes were identified, which were phylogenetically divided into four distinct subfamilies and unevenly distributed across nine chromosomes. Conserved sequence and exon-intron structures were found to be shared by pepper CDPKs within the same subfamily, and the expansion of the CDPK family in pepper was found to be due to segmental duplication events. Five CDPKs in the C. annuum variety CM334 were found to be mutated in the Chiltepin variety, and one CDPK present in CM334 was lost in Chiltepin. The majority of CDPK and CRK genes were expressed in different pepper tissues and developmental stages, and 10, 12, and 8 CDPK genes were transcriptionally modified by salt, heat, and Ralstonia solanacearum stresses, respectively. Furthermore, these genes were found to respond specifically to one stress as well as respond synergistically to two stresses or three stresses, suggesting that these CDPK genes might be involved in the specific or synergistic response of pepper to salt, heat, and R. solanacearum. Our results lay the foundation for future functional characterization of pepper CDPK and its closely related gene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyang Cai
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Junbin Cheng
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Yan Yan
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Zhuoli Xiao
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Jiazhi Li
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Shaoliang Mou
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Ailian Qiu
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Yan Lai
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Deyi Guan
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Shuilin He
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuilin He, National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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229
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Ma H, Feng L, Chen Z, Chen X, Zhao H, Xiang Y. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the IQD gene family in Populus trichocarpa. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 229:96-110. [PMID: 25443837 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
IQD proteins are downstream targets of calcium sensors, which play important roles in development and responses to environmental cues in plants. Comprehensive analyses of IQD genes have been conducted in Arabidopsis, rice, tomato, and Brachypodium distachyon, but have not been reported from poplar. The availability of the Populus trichocarpa genome sequence allowed us to conduct phylogenetic, gene structure, chromosomal location, and microarray analyses of the predicted IQD genes in P. trichocarpa. We identified 40 IQD genes (PtIQD1-40) classified in four subfamilies (I-IV). Gene structure and protein motif analyses showed that these genes are relatively conserved within each subfamily. The 40 PtIQD genes are distributed on 18 of the 19 chromosomes, with 16 gene pairs involved in segmental duplication events. The Ka/Ks ratios of the 16 segmentally-duplicated gene pairs show that the duplicated pairs underwent purifying selection with restrictive functional divergence after the duplication events. Analyses of microarray data for 38 PtIQD genes showed tissue/organ-specific expression patterns. We also performed quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses of twelve selected PtIQD genes in plants treated with MeJA and PEG in order to explore their stress-related expression patterns. Our results will be valuable for further analysis of poplar IQD genes to characterize their important biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hualin Zhao
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230036, China.
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230
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Regulation of Resveratrol Production in Vitis amurensis Cell Cultures by Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:1460-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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231
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Edel KH, Kudla J. Increasing complexity and versatility: how the calcium signaling toolkit was shaped during plant land colonization. Cell Calcium 2014; 57:231-46. [PMID: 25477139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcium serves as a versatile messenger in adaptation reactions and developmental processes in plants and animals. Eukaryotic cells generate cytosolic Ca(2+) signals via Ca(2+) conducting channels. Ca(2+) signals are represented in form of stimulus-specific spatially and temporally defined Ca(2+) signatures. These Ca(2+) signatures are detected, decoded and transmitted to downstream responses by an elaborate toolkit of Ca(2+) binding proteins that function as Ca(2+) sensors. In this article, we examine the distribution and evolution of Ca(2+)-conducting channels and Ca(2+) decoding proteins in the plant lineage. To this end, we have in addition to previously studied genomes of plant species, identified and analyzed the Ca(2+)-signaling components from species that hold key evolutionary positions like the filamentous terrestrial algae Klebsormidium flaccidum and Amborella trichopoda, the single living representative of the sister lineage to all other extant flowering plants. Plants and animals exhibit substantial differences in their complements of Ca(2+) channels and Ca(2+) binding proteins. Within the plant lineage, remarkable differences in the evolution of complexity between different families of Ca(2+) signaling proteins are observable. Using the CBL/CIPK Ca(2+) sensor/kinase signaling network as model, we attempt to link evolutionary tendencies to functional predictions. Our analyses, for example, suggest Ca(2+) dependent regulation of Na(+) homeostasis as an evolutionary most ancient function of this signaling network. Overall, gene families of Ca(2+) signaling proteins have significantly increased in their size during plant evolution reaching an extraordinary complexity in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai H Edel
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 4, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 4, 48149 Münster, Germany; College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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232
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Wu S, Shan L, He P. Microbial signature-triggered plant defense responses and early signaling mechanisms. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 228:118-26. [PMID: 25438792 PMCID: PMC4254448 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
It has long been observed that microbial elicitors can trigger various cellular responses in plants. Microbial elicitors have recently been referred to as pathogen or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or MAMPs) and remarkable progress has been made on research of their corresponding receptors, signaling mechanisms and critical involvement in disease resistance. Plants also generate endogenous signals due to the damage or wounds caused by microbes. These signals were originally called endogenous elicitors and subsequently renamed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that serve as warning signals for infections. The cellular responses induced by PAMPs and DAMPs include medium alkalinization, ion fluxes across the membrane, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ethylene production. They collectively contribute to plant pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and play an important role in plant basal defense against a broad spectrum of microbial infections. In this review, we provide an update on multiple PTI responses and early signaling mechanisms and discuss its potential applications to improve crop disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Laboratory of Apple Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, and Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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233
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Maathuis FJM, Ahmad I, Patishtan J. Regulation of Na(+) fluxes in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:467. [PMID: 25278946 PMCID: PMC4165222 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
When exposed to salt, every plant takes up Na(+) from the environment. Once in the symplast, Na(+) is distributed within cells and between different tissues and organs. There it can help to lower the cellular water potential but also exert potentially toxic effects. Control of Na(+) fluxes is therefore crucial and indeed, research shows that the divergence between salt tolerant and salt sensitive plants is not due to a variation in transporter types but rather originates in the control of uptake and internal Na(+) fluxes. A number of regulatory mechanisms has been identified based on signaling of Ca(2+), cyclic nucleotides, reactive oxygen species, hormones, or on transcriptional and post translational changes of gene and protein expression. This review will give an overview of intra- and intercellular movement of Na(+) in plants and will summarize our current ideas of how these fluxes are controlled and regulated in the early stages of salt stress.
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234
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Dimerization of peptides by calcium ions: investigation of a calcium-binding motif. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS 2014; 2014:153712. [PMID: 25295190 PMCID: PMC4177772 DOI: 10.1155/2014/153712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated calcium-binding motifs of peptides and their recognition of active functionalities for coordination. This investigation generates the fundamentals to design carrier material for calcium-bound peptide-peptide interactions. Interactions of different peptides with active calcium domains were investigated. Evaluation of selectivity was performed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry by infusing solutions containing two different peptides (P1 and P2) in the presence of calcium ions. In addition to signals for monomer species, intense dimer signals are observed for the heterodimer ions (P1 ⋯ Ca2+ ⋯ P2) (⋯ represents the noncovalent binding of calcium with the peptide) in the positive ion mode and for ions ([P1-2H]2− ⋯ Ca2+ ⋯ [P2-2H]2−) in the negative ion mode. Monitoring of the dissociation from these mass selected dimer ions via the kinetic method provides information on the calcium affinity order of different peptide sequences.
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235
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Ronzier E, Corratgé-Faillie C, Sanchez F, Prado K, Brière C, Leonhardt N, Thibaud JB, Xiong TC. CPK13, a noncanonical Ca2+-dependent protein kinase, specifically inhibits KAT2 and KAT1 shaker K+ channels and reduces stomatal opening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:314-26. [PMID: 25037208 PMCID: PMC4149717 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.240226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2) (+)-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) form a large family of 34 genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Based on their dependence on Ca(2+), CPKs can be sorted into three types: strictly Ca(2+)-dependent CPKs, Ca(2+)-stimulated CPKs (with a significant basal activity in the absence of Ca(2+)), and essentially calcium-insensitive CPKs. Here, we report on the third type of CPK, CPK13, which is expressed in guard cells but whose role is still unknown. We confirm the expression of CPK13 in Arabidopsis guard cells, and we show that its overexpression inhibits light-induced stomatal opening. We combine several approaches to identify a guard cell-expressed target. We provide evidence that CPK13 (1) specifically phosphorylates peptide arrays featuring Arabidopsis K(+) Channel KAT2 and KAT1 polypeptides, (2) inhibits KAT2 and/or KAT1 when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and (3) closely interacts in plant cells with KAT2 channels (Förster resonance energy transfer-fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy). We propose that CPK13 reduces stomatal aperture through its inhibition of the guard cell-expressed KAT2 and KAT1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Ronzier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
| | - Claire Corratgé-Faillie
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
| | - Frédéric Sanchez
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
| | - Karine Prado
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
| | - Christian Brière
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Thibaud
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
| | - Tou Cheu Xiong
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
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Khan M, Rozhon W, Unterholzner SJ, Chen T, Eremina M, Wurzinger B, Bachmair A, Teige M, Sieberer T, Isono E, Poppenberger B. Interplay between phosphorylation and SUMOylation events determines CESTA protein fate in brassinosteroid signalling. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4687. [PMID: 25134617 PMCID: PMC4167607 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids are steroid hormones that are essential for plant growth. Responses to these hormones are mediated by transcription factors of the BES1/BZR1 subfamily, and brassinosteroids activate these factors by impairing their inhibitory phosphorylation by GSK3/shaggy-like kinases. Here we show that brassinosteroids induce nuclear compartmentalization of CESTA (CES), a bHLH transcription factor that regulates brassinosteroid responses, and reveal that this process is regulated by CES SUMOylation. We demonstrate that CES contains an extended SUMOylation motif, and that SUMOylation of this motif is antagonized by phosphorylation to control CES subnuclear localization. Moreover, we provide evidence that phosphorylation regulates CES transcriptional activity and protein turnover by the proteasome. A coordinated modification model is proposed in which, in a brassinosteroid-deficient situation, CES is phosphorylated to activate target gene transcription and enable further posttranslational modification that controls CES protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoona Khan
- 1] Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany [2] Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Rozhon
- 1] Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany [2] Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Josef Unterholzner
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Tingting Chen
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Marina Eremina
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wurzinger
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bachmair
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Teige
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Sieberer
- Plant Growth Regulation, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Erika Isono
- Plant Systems Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Brigitte Poppenberger
- 1] Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany [2] Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
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237
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Romeis T, Herde M. From local to global: CDPKs in systemic defense signaling upon microbial and herbivore attack. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 20:1-10. [PMID: 24681995 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are multifunctional proteins in which a calmodulin-like calcium-sensor and a protein kinase effector domain are combined in one molecule. Not surprisingly, CDPKs were primarily recognized as signaling mediators, which perceive rapid intracellular changes of Ca(2+) ion concentration, for example triggered by environmental stress cues, and relay them into specific phosphorylation events to induce further downstream stress responses. In the context of both, plant exposure to biotrophic pathogens-derived signals as well as plant attack by herbivores and wounding, CDPKs were shown to undergo rapid biochemical activation within seconds to minutes after stimulation and to induce local defence-responses including respective changes in gene expression patterns. In addition, CDPK function was correlated with the control of either salicylic acid-mediated or jasmonic acid-mediated phytohormone signaling pathways, mediating long term resistance to either biotrophic bacterial pathogens or herbivores also in distal parts of a plant. It has long been unclear how an individual enzyme can affect both rapid local as well as long-term distal immune responses. Here, we discuss recently raised topics from the field of CDPK research, in particular with a view on the identification of in vivo phosphorylation targets, which provide first mechanistic insights into the dual role of these enzymes: On the one hand as component of a self-activating circuit responsible for rapid plasma-membrane anchored cell-to-cell signal propagation from local to distal plant sites. On the other hand as nuclear-located regulators of transcription factor activity. Finally, we will highlight the dual function of calcium sensors in plasma-membrane/calcium-mediated signal propagation and in phytohormone signaling-dependent systemic resistance in immune responses to both, bacterial pathogens and herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Romeis
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marco Herde
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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238
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Ito T, Nakata M, Fukazawa J, Ishida S, Takahashi Y. Scaffold Function of Ca2+-Dependent Protein Kinase: Tobacco Ca2+-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE1 Transfers 14-3-3 to the Substrate REPRESSION OF SHOOT GROWTH after Phosphorylation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:1737-1750. [PMID: 24920444 PMCID: PMC4119052 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.236448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A molecular mechanism to ensure signaling specificity is a scaffold. REPRESSION OF SHOOT GROWTH (RSG) is a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) transcription factor that is involved in gibberellin feedback regulation. The 14-3-3 proteins negatively regulate RSG by sequestering it in the cytoplasm in response to gibberellins. The N. tabacum Ca2+-dependent protein kinase NtCDPK1 was identified as an RSG kinase that promotes 14-3-3 binding of RSG by phosphorylation of RSG. CDPKs are unique sensor responders of Ca2+ that are only found in plants and some protozoans. Here, we report a scaffolding function of CDPK. 14-3-3 proteins bound to NtCDPK1 by a new mode. Autophosphorylation of NtCDPK1 was necessary for the formation of the binding between NtCDPK1 and 14-3-3 but not for its maintenance. NtCDPK1 formed a heterotrimer with RSG and 14-3-3. Furthermore, we found that NtCDPK1 transfers 14-3-3 to RSG after phosphorylation of RSG and that RSG dissociates from NtCDPK1 as a complex with 14-3-3. These results suggest that NtCDPK1 is an interesting scaffolding kinase that increases the specificity and efficiency of signaling by coupling catalysis with scaffolding on the same protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ito
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (T.I., M.N., J.F., Y.T.); andDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan (S.I.)
| | - Masaru Nakata
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (T.I., M.N., J.F., Y.T.); andDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan (S.I.)
| | - Jutarou Fukazawa
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (T.I., M.N., J.F., Y.T.); andDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan (S.I.)
| | - Sarahmi Ishida
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (T.I., M.N., J.F., Y.T.); andDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan (S.I.)
| | - Yohsuke Takahashi
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (T.I., M.N., J.F., Y.T.); andDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan (S.I.)
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239
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Kamimura M, Han Y, Kito N, Che FS. Identification of interacting proteins for calcium-dependent protein kinase 8 by a novel screening system based on bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:438-47. [PMID: 25036830 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.882757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are key regulators of cell function that constitute one of the largest and most functionally diverse gene families. We developed a novel assay system, based on the bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) technique in Escherichia coli, for detecting transient interactions such as those between kinases and their substrates. This system detected the interaction between OsMEK1 and its direct target OsMAP1. By contrast, BiFC fluorescence was not observed when OsMAP2 or OsMAP3, which are not substrates of OsMEK1, were used as prey proteins. We also screened for interacting proteins of calcium-dependent protein kinase 8 (OsCPK8), a regulator of plant immune responses, and identified three proteins as interacting molecules of OsCPK8. The interaction between OsCPK8 and two of these proteins (ARF-GEF and peptidyl prolyl isomerase) was confirmed in rice cells by means of BiFC technology. These results indicate that our new assay system has the potential to screen for protein kinase target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Kamimura
- a Graduate School of Bio-Science , Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology , 1266 Tamura , Nagahama, Shiga , Japan
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240
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Bigeard J, Rayapuram N, Pflieger D, Hirt H. Phosphorylation-dependent regulation of plant chromatin and chromatin-associated proteins. Proteomics 2014; 14:2127-40. [PMID: 24889195 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, most of the DNA is located in the nucleus where it is organized with histone proteins in a higher order structure as chromatin. Chromatin and chromatin-associated proteins contribute to DNA-related processes such as replication and transcription as well as epigenetic regulation. Protein functions are often regulated by PTMs among which phosphorylation is one of the most abundant PTM. Phosphorylation of proteins affects important properties, such as enzyme activity, protein stability, or subcellular localization. We here describe the main specificities of protein phosphorylation in plants and review the current knowledge on phosphorylation-dependent regulation of plant chromatin and chromatin-associated proteins. We also outline some future challenges to further elucidate protein phosphorylation and chromatin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bigeard
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA/CNRS/Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne/Saclay Plant Sciences, Evry, France
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241
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Xie K, Chen J, Wang Q, Yang Y. Direct phosphorylation and activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase by a calcium-dependent protein kinase in rice. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3077-89. [PMID: 25035404 PMCID: PMC4145133 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.126441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a pivotal point of convergence for many signaling pathways in eukaryotes. In the classical MAPK cascade, a signal is transmitted via sequential phosphorylation and activation of MAPK kinase kinase, MAPK kinase (MKK), and MAPK. The activation of MAPK is dependent on dual phosphorylation of a TXY motif by an MKK, which is considered the sole kinase to phosphorylate and activate MAPK. Here, we report a novel regulatory mechanism of MAPK phosphorylation and activation besides the canonical MAPK cascade. A rice (Oryza sativa) calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK), CPK18, was identified as an upstream kinase of MAPK (MPK5) in vitro and in vivo. Curiously, CPK18 was shown to phosphorylate and activate MPK5 without affecting the phosphorylation of its TXY motif. Instead, CPK18 was found to predominantly phosphorylate two Thr residues (Thr-14 and Thr-32) that are widely conserved in MAPKs from land plants. Further analyses reveal that the newly identified CPK18-MPK5 pathway represses defense gene expression and negatively regulates rice blast resistance. Our results suggest that land plants have evolved an MKK-independent phosphorylation pathway that directly connects calcium signaling to the MAPK machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabin Xie
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Yinong Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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242
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Luo X, Chen Z, Gao J, Gong Z. Abscisic acid inhibits root growth in Arabidopsis through ethylene biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 79:44-55. [PMID: 24738778 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
When first discovered in 1963, abscisic acid (ABA) was called abscisin II because it promotes abscission. Later, researchers found that ABA accelerates abscission via ethylene. In Arabidopsis, previous studies have shown that high concentrations of ABA inhibit root growth through ethylene signaling but not ethylene production. In the present study in Arabidopsis, we found that ABA inhibits root growth by promoting ethylene biosynthesis. The ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor L-α-(2-aminoethoxyvinyl)-glycine reduces ABA inhibition of root growth, and multiple mutants of ACS (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase) are more resistant to ABA in terms of root growth than the wild-type is. Two ABA-activated calcium-dependent protein kinases, CPK4 and CPK11, phosphorylate the C-terminus of ACS6 and increase the stability of ACS6 in ethylene biosynthesis. Plants expressing an ACS6 mutant that mimics the phosphorylated form of ACS6 produce more ethylene than the wild-type. Our results reveal an important mechanism by which ABA promotes ethylene production. This mechanism may be highly conserved among higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingju Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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243
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Wu G, Jia H, Huang Y, Gan L, Fu C, Zhang L, Yu L, Li M. Characterization and molecular interpretation of the photosynthetic traits of Lonicera confusa in Karst environment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100703. [PMID: 24959829 PMCID: PMC4069104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lonicera confusa was a medical plant which could adapt to the Ca-rich environment in the karst area of China. The photosynthesis, relative chlorophyll content,differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of L. confusa that cultivated in calcareous and sandstone soils were investigated. The results showed that the relative chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis rate of L. confusa in calcareous soil are much higher than that planted in sandstone soil, the higher content of calcium might play a role in keeping the chloroplast from harm and showed higher photosynthesis rate. The transpiration and stomata conductance were decreased in calcareous soil, which might result from the closure of stomata. The GeneFishing and proteomic results showed that the expression of DEGs and DEPs were critical for photosynthesis and stomata closure, such as RuBisCO, photosynthetic electron transfer c and malate dehydrogenase varied in the leaves of L. confusa that cultivated in different soils. These DEGs or DEPs were further found to be directly or indirectly regulated by calcium sensor proteins. This study enriched our knowledge of the molecular mechanism of high net photosynthesis rate and lower transpiration of L. confusa that cultivated in the calcareous soil in some degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haibo Jia
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongwei Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Gan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunhua Fu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Longjiang Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Maoteng Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail:
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244
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Shumakova OA, Kiselev KV. Regulation of somatic embryogenesis in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer cell cultures by PgCDPK2DS1. RUSS J GENET+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795414060106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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245
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Liu W, Li W, He Q, Daud MK, Chen J, Zhu S. Genome-wide survey and expression analysis of calcium-dependent protein kinase in Gossypium raimondii. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98189. [PMID: 24887436 PMCID: PMC4041719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are one of the largest protein kinases in plants and participate in different physiological processes through regulating downstream components of calcium signaling pathways. In this study, 41 CDPK genes, from GrCPK1 to GrCPK41, were identified in the genome of the diploid cotton, Gossypium raimondii. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that all these genes were divided into four subgroups and members within the same subgroup shared conserved exon-intron structures. The expansion of GrCPKs family in G. raimondii was due to the segmental duplication events, and the analysis of Ka/Ks ratios implied that the duplicated GrCPKs had mainly undergone strong purifying selection pressure with limited functional divergence. The cold-responsive elements in promoter regions were detected in the majority of GrCPKs. The expression analysis of 11 selected genes showed that GrCPKs exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns and the expression of GrCPKs were induced or repressed by cold treatment. These observations would lay an important foundation for functional and evolutionary analysis of CDPK gene family in Gossypium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiuling He
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Muhammad Khan Daud
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuijin Zhu
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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246
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Wei S, Hu W, Deng X, Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhao X, Luo Q, Jin Z, Li Y, Zhou S, Sun T, Wang L, Yang G, He G. A rice calcium-dependent protein kinase OsCPK9 positively regulates drought stress tolerance and spikelet fertility. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:133. [PMID: 24884869 PMCID: PMC4036088 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plants, calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are involved in tolerance to abiotic stresses and in plant seed development. However, the functions of only a few rice CDPKs have been clarified. At present, it is unclear whether CDPKs also play a role in regulating spikelet fertility. RESULTS We cloned and characterized the rice CDPK gene, OsCPK9. OsCPK9 transcription was induced by abscisic acid (ABA), PEG6000, and NaCl treatments. The results of OsCPK9 overexpression (OsCPK9-OX) and OsCPK9 RNA interference (OsCPK9-RNAi) analyses revealed that OsCPK9 plays a positive role in drought stress tolerance and spikelet fertility. Physiological analyses revealed that OsCPK9 improves drought stress tolerance by enhancing stomatal closure and by improving the osmotic adjustment ability of the plant. It also improves pollen viability, thereby increasing spikelet fertility. In OsCPK9-OX plants, shoot and root elongation showed enhanced sensitivity to ABA, compared with that of wild-type. Overexpression and RNA interference of OsCPK9 affected the transcript levels of ABA- and stress-responsive genes. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that OsCPK9 is a positive regulator of abiotic stress tolerance, spikelet fertility, and ABA sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Wei
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Hu
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Present address: Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiaomin Deng
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Present address: Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingchen Luo
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhengyi Jin
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yin Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shiyi Zhou
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tao Sun
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lianzhe Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangxiao Yang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangyuan He
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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247
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Veremeichik GN, Shkryl YN, Pinkus SA, Bulgakov VP. Expression profiles of calcium-dependent protein kinase genes (CDPK1-14) in Agrobacterium rhizogenes pRiA4-transformed calli of Rubia cordifolia under temperature- and salt-induced stresses. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:467-474. [PMID: 24655382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium rhizogenes genetically transform plant cells naturally via horizontal gene transfer by the introduction of T-DNA from the Ri plasmid into genomic DNA to create favorable conditions for successful colonization. An intriguing feature of pRiA4-transformed cells is their recently discovered enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress stimuli and activation of antioxidant enzyme expression. The mechanism by which A. rhizogenes modulates the defense responses of transformed cells remains unclear. It has been established that calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) genes mediate crosstalk of signaling pathways in plants, and these genes have been implicated in biotic and abiotic stress signaling. In this study, we identified fourteen CDPK genes from Rubia cordifolia and examined their expression in aerial plant organs as well as in non-transformed and A. rhizogenes A4-transformed calli. Expression of RcCDPK4, RcCDPK5, RcCDPK7, and RcCDPK10 was 1.2- to 3.9-fold higher in pRiA4-transformed cells than in non-transformed cells, whereas expression of RcCDPK1, RcCDPK9, RcCDPK11, and RcCDPK14 was 1.2- to 1.9-fold lower. Agrobacterium transformation substantially modified the transcriptional responses of specific RcCDPK isoforms in pRiA4-transformed cells under conditions of temperature- and salinity-induced stress. On the basis of the results, we suggest that A. rhizogenes T-DNA genes exert their diverse biological functions by altering the expression of various CDPK genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Veremeichik
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Y N Shkryl
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia.
| | - S A Pinkus
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - V P Bulgakov
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia
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248
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Swatek KN, Wilson RS, Ahsan N, Tritz RL, Thelen JJ. Multisite phosphorylation of 14-3-3 proteins by calcium-dependent protein kinases. Biochem J 2014; 459:15-25. [PMID: 24438037 PMCID: PMC4127189 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant 14-3-3 proteins are phosphorylated at multiple sites in vivo; however, the protein kinase(s) responsible are unknown. Of the 34 CPK (calcium-dependent protein kinase) paralogues in Arabidopsis thaliana, three (CPK1, CPK24 and CPK28) contain a canonical 14-3-3-binding motif. These three, in addition to CPK3, CPK6 and CPK8, were tested for activity against recombinant 14-3-3 proteins χ and ε. Using an MS-based quantitative assay we demonstrate phosphorylation of 14-3-3 χ and ε at a total of seven sites, one of which is an in vivo site discovered in Arabidopsis. CPK autophosphorylation was also comprehensively monitored by MS and revealed a total of 45 sites among the six CPKs analysed, most of which were located within the N-terminal variable and catalytic domains. Among these CPK autophosphorylation sites was Tyr463 within the calcium-binding EF-hand domain of CPK28. Of all CPKs assayed, CPK28, which contained an autophosphorylation site (Ser43) within a canonical 14-3-3-binding motif, showed the highest activity against 14-3-3 proteins. Phosphomimetic mutagenesis of Ser72 to aspartate on 14-3-3χ, which is adjacent to the 14-3-3-binding cleft and conserved among all 14-3-3 isoforms, prevented 14-3-3-mediated inhibition of phosphorylated nitrate reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby N. Swatek
- Department of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A
| | - Rashaun S. Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A
| | - Nagib Ahsan
- Department of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A
| | - Rebecca L. Tritz
- Department of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A
| | - Jay J. Thelen
- Department of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A
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249
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Lv DW, Ge P, Zhang M, Cheng ZW, Li XH, Yan YM. Integrative network analysis of the signaling cascades in seedling leaves of bread wheat by large-scale phosphoproteomic profiling. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:2381-95. [PMID: 24679076 DOI: 10.1021/pr401184v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Here, we conducted the first large-scale leaf phosphoproteome analysis of two bread wheat cultivars by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Altogether, 1802 unambiguous phosphorylation sites representing 1175 phosphoproteins implicated in various molecular functions and cellular processes were identified by gene ontology enrichment analysis. Among the 1175 phosphoproteins, 141 contained 3-10 phosphorylation sites. The phosphorylation sites were located more frequently in the N- and C-terminal regions than in internal regions, and ∼70% were located outside the conserved regions. Conservation analysis showed that 90.5% of the phosphoproteins had phosphorylated orthologs in other plant species. Eighteen significantly enriched phosphorylation motifs, of which six were new wheat phosphorylation motifs, were identified. In particular, 52 phosphorylated transcription factors (TFs), 85 protein kinases (PKs), and 16 protein phosphatases (PPs) were classified and analyzed in depth. All the Tyr phosphorylation sites were in PKs such as mitogen-activated PKs (MAPKs) and SHAGGY-like kinases. A complicated cross-talk phosphorylation regulatory network based on PKs such as Snf1-related kinases (SnRKs), calcium-dependent PKs (CDPKs), and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and PPs including PP2C, PP2A, and BRI1 suppressor 1 (BSU1)-like protein (BSL) was constructed and was found to be potentially involved in rapid leaf growth. Our results provide a series of phosphoproteins and phosphorylation sites in addition to a potential network of phosphorylation signaling cascades in wheat seedling leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wen Lv
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University , 100048 Beijing, China
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250
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Vialaret J, Di Pietro M, Hem S, Maurel C, Rossignol M, Santoni V. Phosphorylation dynamics of membrane proteins fromArabidopsisroots submitted to salt stress. Proteomics 2014; 14:1058-70. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Vialaret
- Laboratoire de Protéomique Fonctionnelle; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1199; Montpellier France
| | - Magali Di Pietro
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes; Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II; Montpellier France
| | - Sonia Hem
- Laboratoire de Protéomique Fonctionnelle; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1199; Montpellier France
| | - Christophe Maurel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes; Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II; Montpellier France
| | - Michel Rossignol
- Laboratoire de Protéomique Fonctionnelle; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1199; Montpellier France
| | - Véronique Santoni
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes; Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II; Montpellier France
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