201
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Malin MC, Bell JF, Cantor BA, Caplinger MA, Calvin WM, Clancy RT, Edgett KS, Edwards L, Haberle RM, James PB, Lee SW, Ravine MA, Thomas PC, Wolff MJ. Context Camera Investigation on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 805] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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202
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Seu R, Phillips RJ, Biccari D, Orosei R, Masdea A, Picardi G, Safaeinili A, Campbell BA, Plaut JJ, Marinangeli L, Smrekar SE, Nunes DC. SHARAD sounding radar on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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203
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McEwen AS, Eliason EM, Bergstrom JW, Bridges NT, Hansen CJ, Delamere WA, Grant JA, Gulick VC, Herkenhoff KE, Keszthelyi L, Kirk RL, Mellon MT, Squyres SW, Thomas N, Weitz CM. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1056] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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204
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Abstract
Color observations from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter reveal zones of localized fluid alteration (cementation and bleaching) along joints within layered deposits in western Candor Chasma, Mars. This fluid alteration occurred within the subsurface in the geologic past and has been exposed at the surface through subsequent erosion. These findings demonstrate that fluid flow along fractures was a mechanism by which subsurface fluids migrated through these layered deposits. Fractured layered deposits are thus promising sites for investigating the geologic history of water on Mars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris H Okubo
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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205
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Cnossen I, Sanz-Forcada J, Favata F, Witasse O, Zegers T, Arnold NF. Habitat of early life: Solar X-ray and UV radiation at Earth's surface 4–3.5 billion years ago. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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206
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Rogers AD, Christensen PR. Surface mineralogy of Martian low-albedo regions from MGS-TES data: Implications for upper crustal evolution and surface alteration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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207
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Water and carbon dioxide sorption properties of natural zeolites and clay minerals at martian surface temperature and pressure conditions. FROM ZEOLITES TO POROUS MOF MATERIALS - THE 40TH ANNIVERSARY OF INTERNATIONAL ZEOLITE CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL ZEOLITE CONFERENCE 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(07)81108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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208
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Grinspoon DH, Bullock MA. Astrobiology and Venus exploration. EXPLORING VENUS AS A TERRESTRIAL PLANET 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/176gm12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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209
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Hurowitz JA, McLennan SM, McSween HY, DeSouza PA, Klingelhöfer G. Mixing relationships and the effects of secondary alteration in the Wishstone and Watchtower Classes of Husband Hill, Gusev Crater, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel A. Hurowitz
- Department of Geosciences; State University of New York at Stony Brook; Stony Brook New York USA
| | - Scott M. McLennan
- Department of Geosciences; State University of New York at Stony Brook; Stony Brook New York USA
| | - Harry Y. McSween
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Paulo A. DeSouza
- Department of Environmental and Territorial Management; Companhia Vale do Rio Doce; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Göstar Klingelhöfer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Joh. Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Mainz Germany
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210
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Squyres SW, Knoll AH, Arvidson RE, Clark BC, Grotzinger JP, Jolliff BL, McLennan SM, Tosca N, Bell JF, Calvin WM, Farrand WH, Glotch TD, Golombek MP, Herkenhoff KE, Johnson JR, Klingelhöfer G, McSween HY, Yen AS. Two Years at Meridiani Planum: Results from the Opportunity Rover. Science 2006; 313:1403-7. [PMID: 16959999 DOI: 10.1126/science.1130890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has spent more than 2 years exploring Meridiani Planum, traveling approximately 8 kilometers and detecting features that reveal ancient environmental conditions. These include well-developed festoon (trough) cross-lamination formed in flowing liquid water, strata with smaller and more abundant hematite-rich concretions than those seen previously, possible relict "hopper crystals" that might reflect the formation of halite, thick weathering rinds on rock surfaces, resistant fracture fills, and networks of polygonal fractures likely caused by dehydration of sulfate salts. Chemical variations with depth show that the siliciclastic fraction of outcrop rock has undergone substantial chemical alteration from a precursor basaltic composition. Observations from microscopic to orbital scales indicate that ancient Meridiani once had abundant acidic groundwater, arid and oxidizing surface conditions, and occasional liquid flow on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Squyres
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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211
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Glotch TD, Bandfield JL, Christensen PR, Calvin WM, McLennan SM, Clark BC, Rogers AD, Squyres SW. Mineralogy of the light-toned outcrop at Meridiani Planum as seen by the Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer and implications for its formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Glotch
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - Joshua L. Bandfield
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | | | - Wendy M. Calvin
- Department of Geological Sciences; University of Nevada; Reno Nevada USA
| | - Scott M. McLennan
- Department of Geosciences; State University of New York; Stony Brook New York USA
| | | | - A. Deanne Rogers
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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212
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Prieto-Ballesteros O, Fernández-Remolar DC, Rodríguez-Manfredi JA, Selsis F, Manrubia SC. Spiders: water-driven erosive structures in the southern hemisphere of Mars. ASTROBIOLOGY 2006; 6:651-67. [PMID: 16916289 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2006.6.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent data from space missions reveal that there are ongoing climatic changes and erosive processes that continuously modify surface features of Mars. We have investigated the seasonal dynamics of a number of morphological features located at Inca City, a representative area at high southern latitude that has undergone seasonal processes. By integrating visual information from the Mars Orbiter Camera on board the Mars Global Surveyor and climatic cycles from a Mars' General Circulation Model, and considering the recently reported evidence for the presence of water-ice and aqueous precipitates on Mars, we propose that a number of the erosive features identified in Inca City, among them spiders, result from the seasonal melting of aqueous salty solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Prieto-Ballesteros
- Centro de Astrobiología, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ctra. Ajalvir km. 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain.
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213
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Rochette P, Gattacceca J, Chevrier V, Mathé PE, Menvielle M. Magnetism, iron minerals, and life on Mars. ASTROBIOLOGY 2006; 6:423-36. [PMID: 16805698 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2006.6.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A short critical review is provided on two questions linking magnetism and possible early life on Mars: (1) Did Mars have an Earth-like internal magnetic field, and, if so, during which period and was it a requisite for life? (2) Is there a connection between iron minerals in the martian regolith and life? We also discuss the possible astrobiological implications of magnetic measurements at the surface of Mars using two proposed instruments. A magnetic remanence device based on magnetic field measurements can be used to identify Noachian age rocks and lightning impacts. A contact magnetic susceptibility probe can be used to investigate weathering rinds on martian rocks and identify meteorites among the small regolith rocks. Both materials are considered possible specific niches for microorganisms and, thus, potential astrobiological targets. Experimental results on analogues are presented to support the suitability of such in situ measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rochette
- CEREGE, CNRS/Universitá d'Aix Marseille 3, Aix en Provence, France.
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214
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Bibring JP, Langevin Y, Mustard JF, Poulet F, Arvidson R, Gendrin A, Gondet B, Mangold N, Pinet P, Forget F, Berthé M, Bibring JP, Gendrin A, Gomez C, Gondet B, Jouglet D, Poulet F, Soufflot A, Vincendon M, Combes M, Drossart P, Encrenaz T, Fouchet T, Merchiorri R, Belluci G, Altieri F, Formisano V, Capaccioni F, Cerroni P, Coradini A, Fonti S, Korablev O, Kottsov V, Ignatiev N, Moroz V, Titov D, Zasova L, Loiseau D, Mangold N, Pinet P, Douté S, Schmitt B, Sotin C, Hauber E, Hoffmann H, Jaumann R, Keller U, Arvidson R, Mustard JF, Duxbury T, Forget F, Neukum G. Global Mineralogical and Aqueous Mars History Derived from OMEGA/Mars Express Data. Science 2006; 312:400-4. [PMID: 16627738 DOI: 10.1126/science.1122659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Global mineralogical mapping of Mars by the Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activité (OMEGA) instrument on the European Space Agency's Mars Express spacecraft provides new information on Mars' geological and climatic history. Phyllosilicates formed by aqueous alteration very early in the planet's history (the "phyllocian" era) are found in the oldest terrains; sulfates were formed in a second era (the "theiikian" era) in an acidic environment. Beginning about 3.5 billion years ago, the last era (the "siderikian") is dominated by the formation of anhydrous ferric oxides in a slow superficial weathering, without liquid water playing a major role across the planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Bibring
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), Bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay Campus, France
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215
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Wang A, Haskin LA, Squyres SW, Jolliff BL, Crumpler L, Gellert R, Schröder C, Herkenhoff K, Hurowitz J, Tosca NJ, Farrand WH, Anderson R, Knudson AT. Sulfate deposition in subsurface regolith in Gusev crater, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alian Wang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - L. A. Haskin
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - B. L. Jolliff
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - L. Crumpler
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science; Albuquerque New Mexico USA
| | - R. Gellert
- Abteilung Kosmochemie; Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie; Mainz Germany
| | - C. Schröder
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | | | - J. Hurowitz
- Department of Geosciences; State University of New York; Stony Brook New York USA
| | - N. J. Tosca
- Department of Geosciences; State University of New York; Stony Brook New York USA
| | | | - Robert Anderson
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - A. T. Knudson
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
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216
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Wang A, Korotev RL, Jolliff BL, Haskin LA, Crumpler L, Farrand WH, Herkenhoff KE, de Souza P, Kusack AG, Hurowitz JA, Tosca NJ. Evidence of phyllosilicates in Wooly Patch, an altered rock encountered at West Spur, Columbia Hills, by the Spirit rover in Gusev crater, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alian Wang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and McDonnell Center for Space Science; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Randy L. Korotev
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and McDonnell Center for Space Science; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Bradley L. Jolliff
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and McDonnell Center for Space Science; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Larry A. Haskin
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and McDonnell Center for Space Science; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Larry Crumpler
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science; Albuquerque New Mexico USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Joel A. Hurowitz
- Department of Geosciences; State University of New York; Stony Brook New York USA
| | - Nicholas J. Tosca
- Department of Geosciences; State University of New York; Stony Brook New York USA
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217
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Hurowitz JA, McLennan SM, Tosca NJ, Arvidson RE, Michalski JR, Ming DW, Schröder C, Squyres SW. In situ and experimental evidence for acidic weathering of rocks and soils on Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Hurowitz
- Department of Geosciences; State University of New York at Stony Brook; Stony Brook New York USA
| | - S. M. McLennan
- Department of Geosciences; State University of New York at Stony Brook; Stony Brook New York USA
| | - N. J. Tosca
- Department of Geosciences; State University of New York at Stony Brook; Stony Brook New York USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - J. R. Michalski
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - D. W. Ming
- NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston Texas USA
| | - C. Schröder
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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218
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Noe Dobrea EZ, Bell JF, McConnochie TH, Malin M. Analysis of a spectrally unique deposit in the dissected Noachian terrain of Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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219
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Poulet F, Bibring JP, Mustard JF, Gendrin A, Mangold N, Langevin Y, Arvidson RE, Gondet B, Gomez C, Berthé M, Erard S, Forni O, Manaud N, Poulleau G, Soufflot A, Combes M, Drossart P, Encrenaz T, Fouchet T, Melchiorri R, Bellucci G, Altieri F, Formisano V, Fonti S, Capaccioni F, Cerroni P, Coradini A, Korablev O, Kottsov V, Ignatiev N, Titov D, Zasova L, Pinet P, Schmitt B, Sotin C, Hauber E, Hoffmann H, Jaumann R, Keller U, Forget F. Phyllosilicates on Mars and implications for early martian climate. Nature 2005; 438:623-7. [PMID: 16319882 DOI: 10.1038/nature04274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Accepted: 09/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The recent identification of large deposits of sulphates by remote sensing and in situ observations has been considered evidence of the past presence of liquid water on Mars. Here we report the unambiguous detection of diverse phyllosilicates, a family of aqueous alteration products, on the basis of observations by the OMEGA imaging spectrometer on board the Mars Express spacecraft. These minerals are mainly associated with Noachian outcrops, which is consistent with an early active hydrological system, sustaining the long-term contact of igneous minerals with liquid water. We infer that the two main families of hydrated alteration products detected-phyllosilicates and sulphates--result from different formation processes. These occurred during two distinct climatic episodes: an early Noachian Mars, resulting in the formation of hydrated silicates, followed by a more acidic environment, in which sulphates formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Poulet
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS (UMR 8617) F-91405 Orsay, France.
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220
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Knauth LP, Burt DM, Wohletz KH. Impact origin of sediments at the Opportunity landing site on Mars. Nature 2005; 438:1123-8. [PMID: 16372001 DOI: 10.1038/nature04383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity discovered sediments with layered structures thought to be unique to aqueous deposition and with minerals attributed to evaporation of an acidic salty sea. Remarkable iron-rich spherules were ascribed to later groundwater alteration, and the inferred abundance of water reinforced optimism that Mars was once habitable. The layered structures, however, are not unique to water deposition, and the scenario encounters difficulties in accounting for highly soluble salts admixed with less soluble salts, the lack of clay minerals from acid-rock reactions, high sphericity and near-uniform sizes of the spherules and the absence of a basin boundary. Here we present a simple alternative explanation involving deposition from a ground-hugging turbulent flow of rock fragments, salts, sulphides, brines and ice produced by meteorite impact. Subsequent weathering by intergranular water films can account for all of the features observed without invoking shallow seas, lakes or near-surface aquifers. Layered sequences observed elsewhere on heavily cratered Mars and attributed to wind, water or volcanism may well have formed similarly. If so, the search for past life on Mars should be reassessed accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Paul Knauth
- Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Box 871404, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1404, USA.
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221
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Arvidson RE, Poulet F, Bibring JP, Wolff M, Gendrin A, Morris RV, Freeman JJ, Langevin Y, Mangold N, Bellucci G. Spectral Reflectance and Morphologic Correlations in Eastern Terra Meridiani, Mars. Science 2005; 307:1591-4. [PMID: 15718425 DOI: 10.1126/science.1109509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Mars Express Observatoire pour la Minéralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces, et l'Activité (OMEGA) hyperspectral image data covering eastern Terra Meridiani indicate the ubiquitous presence of molecular water in etched terrain materials that disconformably overlie heavily cratered terrains and underlie the hematite-bearing plains explored by the Opportunity rover. Identification of crystalline water in kieserite (MgSO4.H2O) is linked to materials exposed in a valley and plateau to the north of hematite-bearing plains. The mineralogical similarities between the etched terrain deposits examined with OMEGA data and the layered rocks examined by Opportunity imply that the ancient aqueous environments inferred from analyses of the rover data extend over regional scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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222
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Abstract
New results from the Mars Express Orbiter mission reveal multiple deposits of minerals formed in the presence of liquid water. They reinforce the conclusion that ancient Mars was warmer and wetter than it is today, and increase the number of promising localities to search for evidence of past life.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Paige
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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223
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Langevin Y, Poulet F, Bibring JP, Gondet B. Sulfates in the North Polar Region of Mars Detected by OMEGA/Mars Express. Science 2005; 307:1584-6. [PMID: 15718428 DOI: 10.1126/science.1109091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Observatoire pour la Minéralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces, et l'Activité (OMEGA) imaging spectrometer observed the northern circumpolar regions of Mars at a resolution of a few kilometers. An extended region at 240 degrees E, 85 degrees N, with an area of 60 kilometers by 200 kilometers, exhibits absorptions at wavelengths of 1.45, 1.75, 1.94, 2.22, 2.26, and 2.48 micrometers. These signatures can be unambiguously attributed to calcium-rich sulfates, most likely gypsum. This region corresponds to the dark longitudinal dunes of Olympia Planitia. These observations reveal that water alteration played a major role in the formation of the constituting minerals of northern circumpolar terrains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Langevin
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), Bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay Campus, France.
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224
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Bibring JP, Langevin Y, Gendrin A, Gondet B, Poulet F, Berthé M, Soufflot A, Arvidson R, Mangold N, Mustard J, Drossart P. Mars Surface Diversity as Revealed by the OMEGA/Mars Express Observations. Science 2005; 307:1576-81. [PMID: 15718430 DOI: 10.1126/science.1108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Observatoire pour la Minéralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces, et l'Activité (OMEGA) investigation, on board the European Space Agency Mars Express mission, is mapping the surface composition of Mars at a 0.3- to 5-kilometer resolution by means of visible-near-infrared hyperspectral reflectance imagery. The data acquired during the first 9 months of the mission already reveal a diverse and complex surface mineralogy, offering key insights into the evolution of Mars. OMEGA has identified and mapped mafic iron-bearing silicates of both the northern and southern crust, localized concentrations of hydrated phyllosilicates and sulfates but no carbonates, and ices and frosts with a water-ice composition of the north polar perennial cap, as for the south cap, covered by a thin carbon dioxide-ice veneer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Bibring
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), Bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay Campus, France.
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225
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Khamsi R. Mars Express scuppers greenhouse hopes. Nature 2005. [DOI: 10.1038/news050214-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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226
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Stockstill KR, Moersch JE, Ruff SW, Baldridge A, Farmer J. Thermal Emission Spectrometer hyperspectral analyses of proposed paleolake basins on Mars: No evidence for in-place carbonates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004je002353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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227
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Tokano T. Hydration state and abundance of zeolites on Mars and the water cycle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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