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Li K, Han X, Li R, Xu Z, Pan T, Liu J, Li B, Wang S, Diao Y, Liu X. Composition, Antivirulence Activity, and Active Property Distribution of the Fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1721-1729. [PMID: 31206192 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz., or Tibet Olive, is widely used as a food supplement in China. It possesses some natural antimicrobial properties; however, its chemical composition and antivirulence effects have not been identified. In this work, 29 compounds were identified from the peel of T. chebula fruit by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Both the extract of T. chebula and its phenolic acid, corilagin, showed antivirulent activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Specifically, they inhibited biofilm formation. The half maximal inhibitory concentration was 0.13 and 3.18 µg/mL for the extract and corilagin, respectively, whereas for α-hemolysin secretion, the respective concentrations were 30 and 10 µg/mL. Its mechanism of action may be due to reducing the transcription of genes related to quorum sensing. These genes included staphylococcal accessory regulator A, intercellular adhesion accessory gene regulator A, and RNAIII. These findings provide evidence that this food supplement could be an effective antivirulent with corilagin as its active ingredient. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Corilagin from the fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. may be used as an antibacterial for its antivirulent activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal Univ., Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Xianwei Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal Univ., Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Ruzhuo Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal Univ., Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Zhongren Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical Univ., Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Taowen Pan
- Inst. of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical Univ., Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical Univ., Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical Univ., Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical Univ., Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Diao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical Univ., Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Inst. of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical Univ., Dalian, P.R. China
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202
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Araujo G, Chen W, Mani S, Tang JX. Orbiting of Flagellated Bacteria within a Thin Fluid Film around Micrometer-Sized Particles. Biophys J 2019; 117:346-354. [PMID: 31248602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial motility under confinement is relevant to both environmental control and the spread of infection. Here, we report observations on Escherichia coli, Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis when they are confined within a thin layer of water around dispersed micrometer-sized particles sprinkled over a semisolid agar gel. In this setting, E. coli and Enterobacteria orbit around the dispersed particles. The liquid layer is shaped like a shallow tent with its height at the center set by the seeding particle, and the meniscus profile set by the strong surface tension of water. The tent-shaped confinement and the left handedness of the flagellar filaments result in exclusively clockwise circular trajectories. The thin fluid layer is resilient because of a balance between evaporation and reinforcement of fluid that permeated out of the agar. The latter is driven by the Laplace pressure caused by the concave meniscus. In short, we explain the physical mechanism of a convenient method to entrap bacteria within localized thin fluid film near a permeable surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Araujo
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Weijie Chen
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jay X Tang
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
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203
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Vissers T, Koumakis N, Hermes M, Brown AT, Schwarz-Linek J, Dawson A, Poon WCK. Dynamical analysis of bacteria in microscopy movies. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217823. [PMID: 31170194 PMCID: PMC6553751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in microscopy, computing power and image processing have enabled the analysis of ever larger datasets of movies of microorganisms to study their behaviour. However, techniques for analysing the dynamics of individual cells from such datasets are not yet widely available in the public domain. We recently demonstrated significant phenotypic heterogeneity in the adhesion of Escherichia coli bacteria to glass surfaces using a new method for the high-throughput analysis of video microscopy data. Here, we present an in-depth analysis of this method and its limitations, and make public our algorithms for following the positions and orientations of individual rod-shaped bacteria from time-series of 2D images to reconstruct their trajectories and characterise their dynamics. We demonstrate in detail how to use these algorithms to identify different types of adhesive dynamics within a clonal population of bacteria sedimenting onto a surface. The effects of measurement errors in cell positions and of limited trajectory durations on our results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun Vissers
- SUPA and School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Scotland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Nick Koumakis
- SUPA and School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Michiel Hermes
- SUPA and School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aidan T. Brown
- SUPA and School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Schwarz-Linek
- SUPA and School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Dawson
- SUPA and School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Wilson C. K. Poon
- SUPA and School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Scotland, United Kingdom
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204
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Antunes J, Leão P, Vasconcelos V. Marine biofilms: diversity of communities and of chemical cues. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 11:287-305. [PMID: 30246474 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces immersed in seawater are rapidly colonized by various microorganisms, resulting in the formation of heterogenic marine biofilms. These communities are known to influence the settlement of algae spores and invertebrate larvae, triggering a succession of fouling events, with significant environmental and economic impacts. This review covers recent research regarding the differences in composition of biofilms isolated from different artificial surface types and the influence of environmental factors on their formation. One particular phenomenon - bacterial quorum sensing (QS) - allows bacteria to coordinate swarming, biofilm formation among other phenomena. Some other marine biofilm chemical cues are believed to modulate the settlement and the succession of macrofouling organisms, and they are also reviewed here. Finally, since the formation of a marine biofilm is considered to be an initial, QS-dependent step in the development of marine fouling events, QS inhibition is discussed on its potential as a tool for antibiofouling control in marine settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Antunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 4069-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Leão
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 4069-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 4069-007, Porto, Portugal
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205
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In-situ detection based on the biofilm hydrophilicity for environmental biofilm formation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8070. [PMID: 31147580 PMCID: PMC6542837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A biofilm has a unique structure composed of microorganisms, extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), etc., and it is layered on a substrate in water. In material science, it is important to detect the biofilm formed on a surface to prevent biofouling. EPSs, the major component of the biofilm, mainly consist of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Because these biomolecules have a variety of hydrophilicities or hydrophobicities, the substrate covered with the biofilm shows different wettability from the initial state. To detect the biofilm formation, this study employed a liquid-squeezing-based wettability assessment method with a simple wettability index: the liquid-squeezed diameter of a smaller value indicates higher wettability. The method is based on the liquid-squeezing behaviour of a liquid that covers sample surfaces when an air-jet is applied. To form the biofilm, polystyrene surfaces were immersed and incubated in a water-circulated bioreactor that had collected microorganisms in ambient air. After the 14-d incubation, good formation of the biofilm on the surfaces was confirmed by staining with crystal violet. Although the contact angles of captive bubbles on the surfaces with the biofilm were unmeasurable, the liquid-squeezing method could distinguish between hydrophilic and hydrophobic initial surfaces with and without biofilm formation using the diameter of the liquid-squeezed area. The surface wettability is expected to be a promising property for in-situ detection of biofilm formation on a macroscopic scale.
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206
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Passos da Silva D, Matwichuk ML, Townsend DO, Reichhardt C, Lamba D, Wozniak DJ, Parsek MR. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectin LecB binds to the exopolysaccharide Psl and stabilizes the biofilm matrix. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2183. [PMID: 31097723 PMCID: PMC6522473 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms are composed of exopolysaccharides (EPS), exogenous DNA, and proteins that hold these communities together. P. aeruginosa produces lectins LecA and LecB, which possess affinities towards sugars found in matrix EPS and mediate adherence of P. aeruginosa to target host cells. Here, we demonstrate that LecB binds to Psl, a key matrix EPS, and this leads to increased retention of both cells and EPS in a growing biofilm. This interaction is predicted to occur between the lectin and the branched side chains present on Psl. Finally, we show that LecB coordinates Psl localization in the biofilm. This constitutes a unique function for LecB and identifies it as a matrix protein that contributes to biofilm structure through EPS interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Doriano Lamba
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sede Secondaria di Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniel J Wozniak
- Departments of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew R Parsek
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China.
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207
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Reynoso E, Ferreyra DD, Durantini EN, Spesia MB. Photodynamic inactivation to prevent and disrupt Staphylococcus aureus biofilm under different media conditions. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2019; 35:322-331. [PMID: 31006166 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this work was to investigate the photodynamic activity of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(3-N,N-dimethylaminopropoxy)phenyl]chlorin (TAPC) and zinc(II) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis[4-(N-methylpyridyloxy)]phthalocyanine iodide (ZnPPc4+ ) as photosensitizers to inactivate Staphylococcus aureus biofilms and prevent their formations in different culture media. METHODS We incubated S aureus biofilms in different culture media: tryptic soy (TS), nutrient (N), Müeller Hinton (MH) broth, TS with glucose 2 and 5% (w/v) with 5 μM ZnPPc4+ or TAPC and irradiated with visible light (350-800 nm). Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) was determined by count of colony forming units (CFU) and crystal violet method. Furthermore, we studied PDI effect on biofilm development in TS broth. Finally, we examined the effects of PDI on the structure of S aureus biofilm. RESULTS Greater inactivation was achieved, using TAPC or ZnPPc4+ , when S aureus biofilm was grown in N or MH broths rather than in TS. Besides, glucose addition to the medium decreases the ability to develop biofilm and increase the photoinactivation capacity. Prevention of 3 log biofilm developments was obtained when S aureus cultures were treated with TAPC (10 μM) and 108 J/cm2 in TS broth and the number of CFU was counted after 24 hours. Moreover, microscopy studies demonstrated modifications in biofilm architecture. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that TAPC and ZnPPc4+ may be promising photosensitizers for photodynamic inactivation of S aureus biofilms or to prevent their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Reynoso
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Darío D Ferreyra
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Mariana B Spesia
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
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208
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Hoikkala V, Almeida GMF, Laanto E, Sundberg LR. Aquaculture as a source of empirical evidence for coevolution between CRISPR-Cas and phage. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180100. [PMID: 30905289 PMCID: PMC6452259 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, studies on the bacterial immune system CRISPR-Cas and its ecological and evolutionary effects have been largely limited to laboratory conditions. While providing crucial information on the constituents of CRISPR-Cas, such studies may overlook fundamental components that affect bacterial immunity in natural habitats. Translating laboratory-derived predictions to nature is not a trivial task, owing partly to the instability of natural communities and difficulties in repeated sampling. To this end, we review how aquaculture, the farming of fishes and other aquatic species, may provide suitable semi-natural laboratories for examining the role of CRISPR-Cas in phage/bacterium coevolution. Existing data from disease surveillance conducted in aquaculture, coupled with growing interest towards phage therapy, may have already resulted in large collections of bacterium and phage isolates. These data, combined with premeditated efforts, can provide empirical evidence on phage-bacterium dynamics such as the bacteriophage adherence to mucus hypothesis, phage life cycles and their relationship with CRISPR-Cas and other immune defences. Typing of CRISPR spacer content in pathogenic bacteria can also provide practical information on diversity and origin of isolates during outbreaks. In addition to providing information of CRISPR functionality and phage-bacterium dynamics, aquaculture systems can significantly impact perspectives on design of phage-based disease treatment at the current era of increasing antibiotic resistance. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The ecology and evolution of prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lotta-Riina Sundberg
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, PO Box 35, 40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
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209
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Ferrer-Espada R, Liu X, Goh XS, Dai T. Antimicrobial Blue Light Inactivation of Polymicrobial Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:721. [PMID: 31024499 PMCID: PMC6467927 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymicrobial biofilms, in which mixed microbial species are present, play a significant role in persistent infections. Furthermore, polymicrobial biofilms promote antibiotic resistance by allowing interspecies transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. In the present study, we investigated the effectiveness of antimicrobial blue light (aBL; 405 nm), an innovative non-antibiotic approach, for the inactivation of polymicrobial biofilms. Dual-species biofilms with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as well as with P. aeruginosa and Candida albicans were reproducibly grown in 96-well microtiter plates or in the CDC biofilm reactor for 24 or 48 h. The effectiveness of aBL inactivation of polymicrobial biofilms was determined through colony forming assay and compared with that of monomicrobial biofilms of each species. aBL-induced morphological changes of biofilms were analyzed with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For 24-h old monomicrobial biofilms formed in 96-well microtiter plates, 6.30-log10 CFU inactivation of P. aeruginosa, 2.33-log10 CFU inactivation of C. albicans and 3.48-log10 CFU inactivation of MRSA were observed after an aBL exposure of 500 J/cm2. Under the same aBL exposure, 6.34-log10 CFU inactivation of P. aeruginosa and 3.11-log10 CFU inactivation of C. albicans were observed, respectively, in dual-species biofilms. In addition, 2.37- and 3.40-log10 CFU inactivation were obtained in MRSA and P. aeruginosa, dual-species biofilms. The same aBL treatment of the biofilms developed in the CDC-biofilm reactor for 48 h significantly decreased the viability of P. aeruginosa monomicrobial and polymicrobial biofilm when cocultured with MRSA (3.70- and 3.56-log10 CFU inactivation, respectively). 2.58-log10 CFU inactivation and 0.86-log10 CFU inactivation was detected in MRSA monomicrobial and polymicrobial biofilm when cocultured with P. aeruginosa. These findings were further supported by the CLSM and SEM experiments. Phototoxicity studies revealed a no statistically significant loss of viability in human keratinocytes after an exposure to 216 J/cm2 and a statistically significant loss of viability after 500 J/cm2. aBL is potentially an alternative treatment against polymicrobial biofilm-related infections. Future studies will aim to improve the efficacy of aBL and to investigate aBL treatment of polymicrobial biofilm-related infections in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ferrer-Espada
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xueping Sharon Goh
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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210
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Srinivasan S, Vladescu ID, Koehler SA, Wang X, Mani M, Rubinstein SM. Matrix Production and Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis Biofilms Localize to Propagating Wave Fronts. Biophys J 2019; 114:1490-1498. [PMID: 29590605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are surface-attached microbial communities encased in self-produced extracellular polymeric substances. Here we demonstrate that during the development of Bacillus subtilis biofilms, matrix production is localized to an annular front propagating at the periphery and sporulation to a second front at a fixed distance at the interior. We show that within these fronts, cells switch off matrix production and transition to sporulation after a set time delay of ∼100 min. Correlation analyses of fluctuations in fluorescence reporter activity reveal that the fronts emerge from a pair of gene-expression waves of matrix production and sporulation. The localized expression waves travel across cells that are immobilized in the biofilm matrix in contrast to active cell migration or horizontal colony spreading. Our results suggest that front propagation arises via a local developmental program occurring at the level of individual bacterial cells, likely driven by nutrient depletion and metabolic by-product accumulation. A single-length scale and timescale couples the spatiotemporal propagation of both fronts throughout development. As a result, gene expression patterns within the advancing fronts collapse to self-similar expression profiles. Our findings highlight the key role of the localized cellular developmental program associated with the propagating front in describing biofilm growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddarth Srinivasan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - Ioana D Vladescu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Stephan A Koehler
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Madhav Mani
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Shmuel M Rubinstein
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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211
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Iron/Heme Metabolism-Targeted Gallium(III) Nanoparticles Are Active against Extracellular and Intracellular Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.02643-18. [PMID: 30782994 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02643-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron/heme acquisition systems are critical for microorganisms to acquire iron from the human host, where iron sources are limited due to the nutritional immune system and insolubility of the ferric form of iron. Prior work has shown that a variety of gallium compounds can interfere with bacterial iron acquisition. This study explored the intra- and extracellular antimicrobial activities of gallium protoporphyrin (GaPP), gallium mesoporphyrin (GaMP), and nanoparticles encapsulating GaPP or GaMP against the Gram-negative pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, including clinical isolates. All P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii isolates were susceptible to GaPP and GaMP, with MICs ranging from 0.5 to ∼32 μg/ml in iron-depleted medium. Significant intra- and extracellular growth inhibition was observed against P. aeruginosa cultured in macrophages at a gallium concentration of 3.3 μg/ml (5 μM) of all Ga(III) compounds, including nanoparticles. Nanoparticle formulations showed prolonged activity against both P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii in previously infected macrophages. When the macrophages were loaded with the nanoparticles 3 days prior to infection, there was a 5-fold decrease in growth of P. aeruginosa in the presence of single emulsion F127 copolymer nanoparticles encapsulating GaMP (eFGaMP). In addition, all Ga(III) porphyrins and nanoparticles showed significant intracellular and antibiofilm activity against both pathogens, with the nanoparticles exhibiting intracellular activity for 3 days. Ga nanoparticles also increased the survival rate of Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes infected by P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii Our results demonstrate that Ga nanoparticles have prolonged in vitro and in vivo activities against both P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii, including disruption of their biofilms.
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212
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Jing Z, Xiu K, Sun Y. Amide-Based Cationic Polymeric N-Halamines: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial and Biofilm-Binding Properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Jing
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Kemao Xiu
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Yuyu Sun
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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213
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Farcas D, Blachere FM, Kashon ML, Sbarra D, Schwegler-Berry D, Stull JO, Noti JD. Survival of Staphylococcus aureus on the outer shell of fire fighter turnout gear after sanitation in a commercial washer/extractor. J Occup Med Toxicol 2019; 14:10. [PMID: 30949228 PMCID: PMC6431055 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-019-0230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contamination on surfaces including turnout gear had been found throughout a number of fire stations. As such, the outer shell barrier of turnout gear jackets may be an indirect transmission source and proper disinfection is essential to reduce the risk of exposure to fire fighters. Cleaning practices vary considerably among fire stations, and a method to assess disinfection of gear washed in commercial washer/extractors is needed. METHODS Swatches (1 in. × 1.5 in.) of the outer shell fabrics, Gemini™, Advance™, and Pioneer™, of turnout gear were inoculated with S. aureus, and washed with an Environmental Protection Agency-registered sanitizer commonly used to wash turnout gear. To initially assess the sanitizer, inoculated swatches were washed in small tubes according to the American Society for Testing Materials E2274 Protocol for evaluating laundry sanitizers. Inoculated swatches were also pinned to turnout gear jackets and washed in a Milnor commercial washer/extractor. Viable S. aureus that remained attached to fabric swatches after washing were recovered and quantified. Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to characterize the stages of S. aureus biofilm formation on the swatches that can result in resistance to disinfection. RESULTS Disinfection in small tubes for only 10 s reduced the viability of S. aureus on Gemini™, Advance™, and Pioneer™ by 73, 99, and 100%, respectively. In contrast, disinfection of S. aureus-contaminated Gemini™ swatches pinned to turnout gear and washed in the washer/extractor was 99.7% effective. Scanning Electron Microscopy showed that biofilm formation begins as early as 5 h after attachment of S. aureus. CONCLUSION This sanitizer and, likely, others containing the anti-microbial agent didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, is an effective disinfectant of S. aureus. Inclusion of contaminated outer shell swatches in the wash cycle affords a simple and quantitative method to assess sanitization of gear by commercial gear cleaning facilities. This methodology can be extended to assess for other bacterial contaminants. Sanitizer-resistant strains will continue to pose problems, and biofilm formation may affect the cleanliness of the washed turnout gear. Our methodology for assessing effectiveness of disinfection may help reduce the occupational exposure to fire fighters from bacterial contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Farcas
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road M/S L-4020, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888 USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505 USA
| | - Francoise M. Blachere
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road M/S L-4020, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888 USA
| | - Michael L. Kashon
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505 USA
| | - Deborah Sbarra
- National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale, Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505 USA
| | - Diane Schwegler-Berry
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505 USA
| | - Jeffrey O. Stull
- International Personnel Protection, Inc., Box 92493, Austin, TX 78709 USA
| | - John D. Noti
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road M/S L-4020, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888 USA
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214
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Lapointe C, Deschênes L, Ells TC, Bisaillon Y, Savard T. Interactions between spoilage bacteria in tri-species biofilms developed under simulated meat processing conditions. Food Microbiol 2019; 82:515-522. [PMID: 31027813 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The formation of biofilms in the food industry is a major issue, as they are a frequent source of contamination of products, which can result in significant economic losses for processors through spoilage of foods or pose serious health concerns for consumers when foodborne pathogens are present. In this study, experiments were carried out using CDC Biofilm Reactors to produce biofilms on two test surfaces (polystyrene and stainless steel coupons) under a regimen for simulated meat processing conditions (SMPC). This entailed a 12 day regimen of daily cycles of filling the reactors with a meat slurry and letting stand for 16 h, followed by draining and refilling with water for an 8 h period in order to mimic a possible scenario of fluctuating periods of nutrient availability and starvation in a meat processing facility. Strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides were used for mono and mixed cultures biofilms as they are relevant spoilage bacteria in the meat processing industry. In monoculture, the viable cell densities (CFU/cm2) of the two lactic acid bacteria species tested were higher for biofilms grown on polystyrene as compared to those obtained on stainless steel, whereas viable cell numbers in P. fluorescens monoculture were surface-independent. Synergistic interactions were demonstrated during growth of multi-species biofilms. Results from experiments where one of the 3 strains was inoculated 24 h before introduction of the other two strains showed increased levels of L. plantarum within biofilms grown on both test surfaces. The model developed here serves as a baseline to study the interactions between potential spoilage bacteria during biofilm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lapointe
- St-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600, Casavant W., Saint-Hyacinthe, Qc, Canada
| | - Louise Deschênes
- St-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600, Casavant W., Saint-Hyacinthe, Qc, Canada
| | - Timothy C Ells
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, 32 Main St., Kentville, NS, Canada
| | - Yanick Bisaillon
- St-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600, Casavant W., Saint-Hyacinthe, Qc, Canada
| | - Tony Savard
- St-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600, Casavant W., Saint-Hyacinthe, Qc, Canada.
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215
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Siddique A, Suraraksa B, Horprathum M, Oaew S, Cheunkar S. Wastewater biofilm formation on self-assembled monolayer surfaces using elastomeric flow cells. Anaerobe 2019; 57:11-18. [PMID: 30872074 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In anaerobic wastewater treatment, microbial biofilm is beneficial for efficient substrate utilization and for preventing the wash-out of key microorganisms. By providing solid supports, biofilm formation can be accelerated due to the early initial adhesion of residing microbes. Alteration in surface properties is therefore one such approach that helps us understand microbial interfacial interaction. Here, self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiols with carboxyl (-COOH), hydroxyl (-OH), and amine (-NH2) terminal moieties on gold (Au) substrates were employed to study the initial adhesion of wastewater microbes. An elastomeric flow cell was also utilized to simulate the environment of wastewater bioreactor. Results from fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) portrayed more enhanced microbial adhesion after 2 h on -NH2 functional group with the calculated surface coverage of 12.8 ± 2.4% as compared to 7.7 ± 1.6% on -COOH, 11.0 ± 2.0% on -OH, and 1.2% on unmodified Au surfaces. This might be because of concomitant electrostatic attraction between negatively-charged bacteria and positively-charged (-NH3+) functional groups. Nevertheless, the average surface coverage by individual biofilm clusters was 28.0 ± 5.0 μm2 and 32.0 ± 9.0 μm2 on -NH2 and -OH surfaces, respectively, while -COOH surfaces resulted in higher value (60.0 ± 5.0 μm2) and no significant cluster formation was observed on Au surfaces. Accordingly, the average inter-cluster distance observed on -NH2 surfaces was relatively smaller (3.0 ± 0.6 μm) as compared to that on other surfaces. Overall, these data suggest favorable initial biofilm growth on more hydrophilic and positively-charged surfaces. Furthermore, the analysis of the mean fluorescence intensity revealed preferred initial adhesion of key microbes (archaea) on -OH and -NH2 surfaces. Indeed, results obtained from this study would be beneficial in designing selective biointerfaces for certain biofilm carriers in a typical wastewater bioreactor. Importantly, our elastomeric flow cell integrated with SAM-modified surfaces demonstrated an ideal platform for high-throughput investigation of wastewater biofilm under controlled environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Siddique
- Biotechnology Division, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thian, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Benjaphon Suraraksa
- Excellent Center for Waste Utilization and Management, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thian, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Mati Horprathum
- Optical Thin-Film Laboratory, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sukunya Oaew
- Biochemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Research and Development Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thian, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Cheunkar
- Biotechnology Division, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thian, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
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216
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Elbourne A, Chapman J, Gelmi A, Cozzolino D, Crawford RJ, Truong VK. Bacterial-nanostructure interactions: The role of cell elasticity and adhesion forces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 546:192-210. [PMID: 30921674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The attachment of single-celled organisms, namely bacteria and fungi, to abiotic surfaces is of great interest to both the scientific and medical communities. This is because the interaction of such cells has important implications in a range of areas, including biofilm formation, biofouling, antimicrobial surface technologies, and bio-nanotechnologies, as well as infection development, control, and mitigation. While central to many biological phenomena, the factors which govern microbial surface attachment are still not fully understood. This lack of understanding is a direct consequence of the complex nature of cell-surface interactions, which can involve both specific and non-specific interactions. For applications involving micro- and nano-structured surfaces, developing an understanding of such phenomenon is further complicated by the diverse nature of surface architectures, surface chemistry, variation in cellular physiology, and the intended technological output. These factors are extremely important to understand in the emerging field of antibacterial nanostructured surfaces. The aim of this perspective is to re-frame the discussion surrounding the mechanism of nanostructured-microbial surface interactions. Broadly, the article reviews our current understanding of these phenomena, while highlighting the knowledge gaps surrounding the adhesive forces which govern bacterial-nanostructure interactions and the role of cell membrane rigidity in modulating surface activity. The roles of surface charge, cell rigidity, and cell-surface adhesion force in bacterial-surface adsorption are discussed in detail. Presently, most studies have overlooked these areas, which has left many questions unanswered. Further, this perspective article highlights the numerous experimental issues and misinterpretations which surround current studies of antibacterial nanostructured surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Elbourne
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
| | - James Chapman
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Amy Gelmi
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Daniel Cozzolino
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Russell J Crawford
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
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217
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Actively detached Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm cell susceptibility to benzalkonium chloride and associated resistance mechanism. Arch Microbiol 2019; 201:747-755. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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218
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Polyudova TV, Shagdarova BT, Korobov VP, Varlamov VP. Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation in the Presence of Chitosan and Its Derivatives. Microbiology (Reading) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261719020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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219
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Low ZWK, Li Z, Owh C, Chee PL, Ye E, Kai D, Yang DP, Loh XJ. Using Artificial Skin Devices as Skin Replacements: Insights into Superficial Treatment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805453. [PMID: 30690897 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Artificial skin devices are able to mimic the flexibility and sensory perception abilities of the skin. They have thus garnered attention in the biomedical field as potential skin replacements. This Review delves into issues pertaining to these skin-deep devices. It first elaborates on the roles that these devices have to fulfill as skin replacements, and identify strategies that are used to achieve such functionality. Following which, a comparison is done between the current state of these skin-deep devices and that of natural skin. Finally, an outlook on artificial skin devices is presented, which discusses how complementary technologies can create skin enhancements, and what challenges face such devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wei Kenny Low
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Cally Owh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Pei Lin Chee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Enyi Ye
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Dan Kai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Da-Peng Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
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Ong TH, Chitra E, Ramamurthy S, Ling CCS, Ambu SP, Davamani F. Cationic chitosan-propolis nanoparticles alter the zeta potential of S. epidermidis, inhibit biofilm formation by modulating gene expression and exhibit synergism with antibiotics. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213079. [PMID: 30818374 PMCID: PMC6394969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis, is a common microflora of human body that can cause opportunistic infections associated with indwelling devices. It is resistant to multiple antibiotics necessitating the need for naturally occurring antibacterial agents. Malaysian propolis, a natural product obtained from beehives exhibits antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties. Chitosan-propolis nanoparticles (CPNP) were prepared using Malaysian propolis and tested for their effect against S. epidermidis. The cationic nanoparticles depicted a zeta potential of +40 and increased the net electric charge (zeta potential) of S. epidermidis from -17 to -11 mV in a concentration-dependent manner whereas, ethanol (Eth) and ethyl acetate (EA) extracts of propolis further decreased the zeta potential from -17 to -20 mV. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) depicted that CPNP effectively disrupted biofilm formation by S. epidermidis and decreased viability to ~25% compared to Eth and EA with viability of ~60-70%. CPNP was more effective in reducing the viability of both planktonic as well as biofilm bacteria compared to Eth and EA. At 100 μg/mL concentration, CPNP decreased the survival of biofilm bacteria by ~70% compared to Eth or EA extracts which decreased viability by only 40%-50%. The morphology of bacterial biofilm examined by scanning electron microscopy depicted partial disruption of biofilm by Eth and EA extracts and significant disruption by CPNP reducing bacterial number in the biofilm by ~90%. Real time quantitative PCR analysis of gene expression in treated bacteria showed that genes involved in intercellular adhesion such as IcaABCD, embp and other related genes were significantly downregulated by CPNP. In addition to having a direct inhibitory effect on the survival of S. epidermidis, CPNP showed synergism with the antibiotics rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and doxycycline suggestive of effective treatment regimens. This would help decrease antibiotic treatment dose by at least 4-fold in combination therapies thereby opening up ways of tackling antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teik Hwa Ong
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ebenezer Chitra
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Fabian Davamani
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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221
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Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W, Zadernowska A, Gajewska J. S. epidermidis strains from artisanal cheese made from unpasteurized milk in Poland - Genetic characterization of antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 294:55-59. [PMID: 30771666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In Poland artisanal cheese production is an important local economic activity. Artisanal cheese is usually produced using raw cow's milk, animal rennet and salt, without the addition of starter cultures. Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) are often present in artisanal cheeses. Pathogenic potential of some CoNS species, especially S. epidermidis, suggests that they could correspond to emerging pathogens. The identified risk factors correspond to virulence, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. Therefore, we aimed to characterize S. epidermidis isolated along the artisanal raw milk production chain. Seventy artisanal cheeses samples from unpasteurized cow milk purchased in Podlasie and Warmia and Mazury region in Poland, were included in this study. A total of 26 S. epidermidis isolates were obtained. Most of them were antimicrobial resistant, such as to penicillin (84,6%), clindamycin (46,2%), tetracycline (42,3%), erythromycin (42,3%) and cefoxitin (26,9%). Only one isolate was susceptible to all antibiotics used in the study. All methicillin resistant S. epidermidis strains (26,9%) harbored mecA gene. Isolates, phenotypic resistant to tetracycline, harbored at least one tetracycline resistance determinant on which tet(M) was most frequent. Moreover, all tetracycline resistant strains harbored Tn916-Tn1545-like integrase family gene. In the erythromycin resistant isolates, the macrolide resistance genes ermC, ermB or msrA/B were present. Seven strains demonstrated a strong ability to form biofilm and moderate and weak biofilm was demonstrated by 4 strains, whereas 11 of S. epidermidis isolates were found to be unable to form a biofilm. All strains producing strong biofilm harbored the icaD gene which occurred independently or in combination with the icaA. Insertion element IS256, was identified in 15,4% of S. epidermidis strains, all of which were multidrug resistant. Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element (ACME) was identified in 13 of the 26 examined strains (50%). Most common was ACME type I (26,9%), followed by type III (15,4%) and type II (7,7%). Our data indicate that S. epidermidis are widely present in artisanal cheeses from raw whole cow milk in Poland. Many isolated strains containing more virulence factors and antibiotic resistant and carry mobile genetic elements which represent a potential source of resistance transmission to bacteria in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta Chajęcka-Wierzchowska
- Chair of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Anna Zadernowska
- Chair of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Gajewska
- Chair of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland
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Zirconium Nitride Coating Reduced Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm Formation on Orthopaedic Implant Surfaces: An In Vitro Study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2019; 477:461-466. [PMID: 30418277 PMCID: PMC6370079 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most commonly identified pathogens responsible for orthopaedic implant infection is Staphylococcus epidermidis, which can form biofilms on surfaces. Currently, orthopaedic implants made of various surface materials are available, each with features influencing osseointegration, biocompatibility, and adherence of bacteria to the surface, which is the first step in biofilm formation. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the effect of a high tribologic-resistant 2.5-µm zirconium nitride top coat on an antiallergic multilayer ceramic-covered cobalt-chromium-molybdenum surface on the formation of S. epidermidis biofilm compared with other commonly used smooth and rough orthopaedic implant surface materials. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) When evaluating the surfaces of a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy with a zirconium (Zr) nitride coating, a CoCrMo alloy without a coating, titanium alloy, a titanium alloy with a corundum-blasted rough surface, and stainless steel with a corundum-blasted rough surface, does a Zr coating reduce the number of colony-forming units of S. epidermidis in an in vitro setting? (2) Is there quantitatively less biofilm surface area on Zr-coated surfaces than on the other surfaces tested in this in vitro model? METHODS To determine bacterial adhesion, five different experimental implant surface discs were incubated separately with one of 31 different S. epidermidis strains each and subsequently sonicated. Twenty test strains were obtained from orthopaedic patients undergoing emergency hip prosthesis surgeries or revision of implant infection and 10 further strains were obtained from the skin of healthy individuals. Additionally, one reference strain, S. epidermidis DSM 3269, was tested. After serial dilutions, the number of bacteria was counted and expressed as colony-forming units (CFUs)/mL. For biofilm detection, discs were stained with 0.1% Safranin-O for 15 minutes, photographed, and analyzed with computer imaging software. RESULTS The lowest bacterial count was found in the CoCrMo + Zr surface disc (6.6 x 10 CFU/mL ± 4.6 x 10 SD) followed by the CoCrMo surface (1.1 x 10 CFU/mL ± 1.9 x 10 SD), the titanium surface (1.36 x 10 CFU/mL ± 1.8 x 10 SD), the rough stainless steel surface (2.65 x 10 CFU/mL ± 3.8 x 10 SD), and the rough titanium surface (2.1 x 10 CFU/mL ± 3.0 x 10 SD). The mean CFU count was lower for CoCrMo + Zr discs compared with the rough stainless steel surface (mean difference: 2.0 x 10, p = 0.021), the rough titanium alloy surface (mean difference: 1.4 x 10, p = 0.002), and the smooth titanium surface (mean difference: 7.0 x 10, p = 0.016). The results of biofilm formation quantification show that the mean covered area of the surface of the CoCrMo + Zr discs was 19% (± 16 SD), which was lower than CoCrMo surfaces (35% ± 23 SD), titanium alloy surface (46% ± 20 SD), rough titanium alloy surface (66% ± 23 SD), and rough stainless steel surface (58% ± 18 SD). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that a multilayer, ceramic-covered, CoCrMo surface with a 2.5-µm zirconium nitride top coat showed less S. epidermidis biofilm formation compared with other surface materials used for orthopaedic implants. CLINICAL RELEVANCE CoCrMo with a 2.5-µm zirconium nitride top coat seems to be a promising surface modification technology able to reduce bacterial attachment on the surface of an implant and, hence, may further prevent implant infection with S. epidermidis biofilm formation.
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Prasad A, Devi AT, Prasad MNN, Zameer F, Shruthi G, Shivamallu C. Phyto anti-biofilm elicitors as potential inhibitors of Helicobacter pylori. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:53. [PMID: 30729077 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a global public health concern. Due to its high adaptability in various adverse environments (temperature, pH, adhesion, phenotypic forms), targeting the bacterium is quite challenging. Moreover, due to its high persistence, decreased patience compliance and emerging antibiotic resistance, researchers have been forced to search for novel candidates with lesser or no side effects. Hence, in the current study, phytobioactives have been screened for its anti-biofilm attributes against H.pylori. Gastric biopsy samples have been screened using confirmatory techniques (microbiological, biochemical and molecular) for their virulent and non-virulent biomarkers. Physico-nutritive parameters were standardized. H. pylori biofilms were assessed using microtitre plate assay. Biofilms' biomass and exopolysaccharide have been evaluated using crystal violet and ruthenium red staining, respectively. Anti-biofilm screening was performed using potent aqueous phytochemicals namely Acorus calamus, Colocasia esculenta and Vitex trifolia. The results indicated the confluent growth of the H. pylori biofilms confirmed through genotyping and grew best at 37 °C for 72 h at a pH of 7.5 on polystyrene plates. Further, among the phytochemicals tested, Acorus calamus exhibited the highest H. pylori anti-biofilm activity via a dose-dependent pattern. The overall observations of the study will pave way for newer approaches to understand and combat bacterial pathogenesis and will contribute towards better health and hygiene.
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Buret AG, Motta JP, Allain T, Ferraz J, Wallace JL. Pathobiont release from dysbiotic gut microbiota biofilms in intestinal inflammatory diseases: a role for iron? J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:1. [PMID: 30602371 PMCID: PMC6317250 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota interacting with an intact mucosal surface are key to the maintenance of homeostasis and health. This review discusses the current state of knowledge of the biofilm mode of growth of these microbiota communities, and how in turn their disruptions may cause disease. Beyond alterations of relative microbial abundance and diversity, the aim of the review is to focus on the disruptions of the microbiota biofilm structure and function, the dispersion of commensal bacteria, and the mechanisms whereby these dispersed commensals may become pathobionts. Recent findings have linked iron acquisition to the expression of virulence factors in gut commensals that have become pathobionts. Causal studies are emerging, and mechanisms common to enteropathogen-induced disruptions, as well as those reported for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and colo-rectal cancer are used as examples to illustrate the great translational potential of such research. These new observations shed new light on our attempts to develop new therapies that are able to protect and restore gut microbiota homeostasis in the many disease conditions that have been linked to microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Gerald Buret
- Departments of Biological Sciences, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Departments of Biological Sciences, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Institute of Digestive Health Research, INSERM UMR1220, Université Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Thibault Allain
- Departments of Biological Sciences, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jose Ferraz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - John Lawrence Wallace
- Departments of Biological Sciences, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
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225
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Banerjee D, Shivapriya PM, Gautam PK, Misra K, Sahoo AK, Samanta SK. A Review on Basic Biology of Bacterial Biofilm Infections and Their Treatments by Nanotechnology-Based Approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-018-01065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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226
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Ranin J, Šmitran A, Gajić I. Biofilm production and twitching and swarming motility of clinical isolates Acinetobacter baumannii. MEDICINSKI PODMLADAK 2019. [DOI: 10.5937/mp70-17903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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227
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Early Biofilm Formation on UV Light Activated Nanoporous TiO 2 Surfaces In Vivo. Int J Biomater 2019; 2018:7275617. [PMID: 30595694 PMCID: PMC6282137 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7275617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore early S. mutans biofilm formation on hydrothermally induced nanoporous TiO2 surfaces in vivo and to examine the effect of UV light activation on the biofilm development. Materials and Methods Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy discs (n = 40) were divided into four groups with different surface treatments: noncoated titanium alloy (NC); UV treated noncoated titanium alloy (UVNC); hydrothermally induced TiO2 coating (HT); and UV treated titanium alloy with hydrothermally induced TiO2 coating (UVHT). In vivo plaque formation was studied in 10 healthy, nonsmoking adult volunteers. Titanium discs were randomly distributed among the maxillary first and second molars. UV treatment was administered for 60 min immediately before attaching the discs in subjects' molars. Plaque samples were collected 24h after the attachment of the specimens. Mutans streptococci (MS), non-mutans streptococci, and total facultative bacteria were cultured, and colonies were counted. Results The plaque samples of NC (NC + UVNC) surfaces showed over 2 times more often S. mutans when compared to TiO2 surfaces (HT + UVHT), with the number of colonized surfaces equal to 7 and 3, respectively. Conclusion This in vivo study suggested that HT TiO2 surfaces, which we earlier showed to improve blood coagulation and encourage human gingival fibroblast attachment in vitro, do not enhance salivary microbial (mostly mutans streptococci) adhesion and initial biofilm formation when compared with noncoated titanium alloy. UV light treatment provided Ti-6Al-4V surfaces with antibacterial properties and showed a trend towards less biofilm formation when compared with non-UV treated titanium surfaces.
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228
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Carbohydrate-Dependent and Antimicrobial Peptide Defence Mechanisms Against Helicobacter pylori Infections. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:179-207. [PMID: 31123890 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human stomach is a harsh and fluctuating environment for bacteria with hazards such as gastric acid and flow through of gastric contents into the intestine. H. pylori gains admission to a stable niche with nutrient access from exudates when attached to the epithelial cells under the mucus layer, whereof adherence to glycolipids and other factors provides stable and intimate attachment. To reach this niche, H. pylori must overcome mucosal defence mechanisms including the continuously secreted mucus layer, which provides several layers of defence: (1) mucins in the mucus layer can bind H. pylori and transport it away from the gastric niche with the gastric emptying, (2) mucins can inhibit H. pylori growth, both via glycans that can have antibiotic like function and via an aggregation-dependent mechanism, (3) antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have antimicrobial activity and are retained in a strategic position in the mucus layer and (4) underneath the mucus layer, the membrane-bound mucins provide a second barrier, and can function as releasable decoys. Many of these functions are dependent on H. pylori interactions with host glycan structures, and both the host glycosylation and concentration of antimicrobial peptides change with infection and inflammation, making these interactions dynamic. Here, we review our current understanding of mucin glycan and antimicrobial peptide-dependent host defence mechanisms against H. pylori infection.
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229
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Jemil N, Hmidet N, Manresa A, Rabanal F, Nasri M. Isolation and characterization of kurstakin and surfactin isoforms produced by Enterobacter cloacae C3 strain. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2019; 54:7-18. [PMID: 30324699 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the extraction, structural analysis, and identification as well as antimicrobial, anti-adhesive, and antibiofilm activities of lipopeptides produced by Enterobacter cloacae C3 strain were studied. A combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques offers opportunities for a better characterization of the biosurfactant structure. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and HPLC for amino acid composition determination are used. Efficient spectroscopic techniques have been utilized for investigations on the biochemical structure of biosurfactants, such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry analysis. This is the first work describing the production of different isoforms belonging to kurstakin and surfactin families by E cloacae strain. Three kurstakin homologues differing by the fatty acid chain length from C10 to C12 were detected. The spectrum of lipopeptides belonging to surfactin family contains various isoforms differing by the fatty acid chain length as well as the amino acids at positions four and seven. Lipopeptide C3 extract exhibited important antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, antifungal activity, and interesting anti-adhesive and disruptive properties against biofilm formation by human pathogenic bacterial strains: Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawel Jemil
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Noomen Hmidet
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Angeles Manresa
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Health and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Rabanal
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Moncef Nasri
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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230
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Velic A, Tesfamichael T, Li Z, Yarlagadda PK. Parametric Study on Nanopattern Bactericidal Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2019.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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231
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Elbourne A, Truong VK, Cheeseman S, Rajapaksha P, Gangadoo S, Chapman J, Crawford RJ. The use of nanomaterials for the mitigation of pathogenic biofilm formation. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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232
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Galán-Ladero MÁ, Blanco-Blanco MT, Fernández-Calderón MC, Lucio L, Gutiérrez-Martín Y, Blanco MT, Pérez-Giraldo C. Candida tropicalis biofilm formation and expression levels of the CTRG ALS-like genes in sessile cells. Yeast 2018; 36:107-115. [PMID: 30477048 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida tropicalis is an emergent pathogen with a high rate of mortality associated with it; however, less is known about its pathogenic capacity. Biofilm formation (BF) has important clinical repercussions, and it begins with adherence to a substrate. The adherence capacity depends principally on the cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and, at a later stage, on specific adherence due to adhesins. The ALS family in C. tropicalis, implicated in adhesion and BF, is represented in several CTRG genes. In this study, we determined the biofilm-forming ability, the primary adherence, and the CSH of C. tropicalis, including six isolates from blood and seven from urine cultures. We also compared the expression of four CTRG ALS-like genes (CTRG_01028, CTRG_02293, CTRG_03786, and CTRG_03797) in sessile versus planktonic cells, selected for their possible contribution to BF. All the C. tropicalis strains were biofilm producers, related to its filamentation capacity; all the strains displayed a high adherence ability correlated to the CSH, and all the strains expressed the CTRG genes in both types of growth. Urine isolates present, although not significantly, higher CSH, adherence, and biofilm formation than blood isolates. This study reveals that three CTRG ALS-like genes-except CTRG_03797-were more upregulated in biofilm cells, although with a considerable variation in expression across the strains studied and between the CTRG genes. C. tropicalis present a high biofilm capacity, and the overexpression of several CTRG ALS-like genes in the sessile cells suggests a role by the course of the biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Coronada Fernández-Calderón
- Area of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER BBN, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Lucio
- Area of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.,Laboratorio de Salud Pública Badajoz, Servicio Extremeño de Salud, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gutiérrez-Martín
- Bioscience Applied Techniques Services, Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación UEx, Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Teresa Blanco
- Area of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER BBN, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ciro Pérez-Giraldo
- Area of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER BBN, Badajoz, Spain
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233
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Smith HJ, Zelaya AJ, De León KB, Chakraborty R, Elias DA, Hazen TC, Arkin AP, Cunningham AB, Fields MW. Impact of hydrologic boundaries on microbial planktonic and biofilm communities in shallow terrestrial subsurface environments. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2018; 94:5107865. [PMID: 30265315 PMCID: PMC6192502 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Subsurface environments contain a large proportion of planetary microbial biomass and harbor diverse communities responsible for mediating biogeochemical cycles important to groundwater used by human society for consumption, irrigation, agriculture and industry. Within the saturated zone, capillary fringe and vadose zones, microorganisms can reside in two distinct phases (planktonic or biofilm), and significant differences in community composition, structure and activity between free-living and attached communities are commonly accepted. However, largely due to sampling constraints and the challenges of working with solid substrata, the contribution of each phase to subsurface processes is largely unresolved. Here, we synthesize current information on the diversity and activity of shallow freshwater subsurface habitats, discuss the challenges associated with sampling planktonic and biofilm communities across spatial, temporal and geological gradients, and discuss how biofilms may be constrained within shallow terrestrial subsurface aquifers. We suggest that merging traditional activity measurements and sequencing/-omics technologies with hydrological parameters important to sediment biofilm assembly and stability will help delineate key system parameters. Ultimately, integration will enhance our understanding of shallow subsurface ecophysiology in terms of bulk-flow through porous media and distinguish the respective activities of sessile microbial communities from more transient planktonic communities to ecosystem service and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Smith
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
- ENIGMA (www.enigma.lbl.gov) Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS:977, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - A J Zelaya
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
- ENIGMA (www.enigma.lbl.gov) Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS:977, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - K B De León
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- ENIGMA (www.enigma.lbl.gov) Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS:977, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - R Chakraborty
- Climate and Ecosystems Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
- ENIGMA (www.enigma.lbl.gov) Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS:977, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - D A Elias
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
- ENIGMA (www.enigma.lbl.gov) Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS:977, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - T C Hazen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- ENIGMA (www.enigma.lbl.gov) Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS:977, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - A P Arkin
- Department of Bioengineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
- ENIGMA (www.enigma.lbl.gov) Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS:977, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - A B Cunningham
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
- Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| | - M W Fields
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
- ENIGMA (www.enigma.lbl.gov) Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS:977, Berkeley, CA 94720
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234
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Moreira AA, Mali S, Yamashita F, Bilck AP, de Paula MT, Merci A, Oliveira ALMD. Biodegradable plastic designed to improve the soil quality and microbiological activity. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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235
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Howell C, Grinthal A, Sunny S, Aizenberg M, Aizenberg J. Designing Liquid-Infused Surfaces for Medical Applications: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802724. [PMID: 30151909 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of new technologies is key to the continued improvement of medicine, relying on comprehensive materials design strategies that can integrate advanced therapeutic and diagnostic functions with a variety of surface properties such as selective adhesion, dynamic responsiveness, and optical/mechanical tunability. Liquid-infused surfaces have recently come to the forefront as a unique approach to surface coatings that can resist adhesion of a wide range of contaminants on medical devices. Furthermore, these surfaces are proving highly versatile in enabling the integration of established medical surface treatments alongside the antifouling capabilities, such as drug release or biomolecule organization. Here, the range of research being conducted on liquid-infused surfaces for medical applications is presented, from an understanding of the basics behind the interactions of physiological fluids, microbes, and mammalian cells with liquid layers to current applications of these materials in point-of-care diagnostics, medical tubing, instruments, implants, and tissue engineering. Throughout this exploration, the design parameters of liquid-infused surfaces and how they can be adapted and tuned to particular applications are discussed, while identifying how the range of controllable factors offered by liquid-infused surfaces can be used to enable completely new and dynamic approaches to materials and devices for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Howell
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Alison Grinthal
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 021383, USA
| | - Steffi Sunny
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 021383, USA
| | - Michael Aizenberg
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, 3 Blackfan Cir, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joanna Aizenberg
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 021383, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, 3 Blackfan Cir, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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236
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Sánchez MC, Toledano-Osorio M, Bueno J, Figuero E, Toledano M, Medina-Castillo AL, Osorio R, Herrera D, Sanz M. Antibacterial effects of polymeric PolymP-n Active nanoparticles. An in vitro biofilm study. Dent Mater 2018; 35:156-168. [PMID: 30502966 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to study the antibacterial effect of polymeric PolymP-n Active nanoparticles using an in vitro subgingival biofilm model. METHODS Hydroxyapatite discs coated with five modalities of nanoparticles (NPs): NPs, NPs doped with zinc, calcium, silver and doxycycline, PBS as control, and Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were studied in a static in vitro biofilm model (12, 24, 48, and 72h). Nano-roughness of the different disc surfaces (SRa, in nm) and morphological characteristic of the biofilms (thickness (μm) and bacterial viability) were studied by different microscopy modalities. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to assess the effect of the nanoparticles on the bacterial load (colony forming unit per milliliter) (CFUmL-1). Analysis of variance and post-hoc testing with T3 Dunnett́s, and Student Newman Keuls correction was used. Results were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. RESULTS Surfaces containing the different nanoparticles showed significant increments in roughness when compared to controls (p<0.05). A similar biofilm formation and dynamics was observed, although reductions in bacterial viability were detected in biofilms in contact with the different nanoparticles, more pronounced with silver and doxycycline NPs. Doxycycline-NPs biofilms resulted in unstructured biofilm formation and significantly lower number of the six species when compared with the other nanoparticles specimens and controls (p<0.001 in all cases). SIGNIFICANCE Polymeric PolymP-n Active nanoparticles when combined with silver and doxycycline showed a significant antibacterial effect when tested in an in vitro subgingival biofilm model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Sánchez
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Toledano-Osorio
- Biomaterials in Dentistry Research Group, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J Bueno
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Figuero
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Toledano
- Biomaterials in Dentistry Research Group, University of Granada, Spain
| | - A L Medina-Castillo
- NanoMyP. Spin-Off Enterprise from University of Granada, Edificio BIC-Granada, Av. Innovación 1, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - R Osorio
- Biomaterials in Dentistry Research Group, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - D Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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237
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Wu YK, Cheng NC, Cheng CM. Biofilms in Chronic Wounds: Pathogenesis and Diagnosis. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 37:505-517. [PMID: 30497871 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic non-healing wounds have become a major worldwide healthcare burden. The impact of biofilms on chronic wound infection is well established. Despite increasing understanding of the underlying mechanism of biofilm formation in chronic wounds, current strategies for biofilm diagnosis in chronic wounds are still far from ideal. In this review, we briefly summarize the mechanism of biofilm formation and focus on current diagnostic approaches of chronic wound biofilms based on morphology, microbiology, and molecular assays. Innovative biotechnological approaches, such as wound blotting and transcriptomic analysis, may further shed light on this unmet clinical need. The continuous development of these sophisticated diagnostic approaches can markedly contribute to the future implementation of point-of-care biofilm detection in chronic wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Kun Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; These authors contributed equally
| | - Nai-Chen Cheng
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; These authors contributed equally.
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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238
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Zhu Z, Wang Z, Li S, Yuan X. Antimicrobial strategies for urinary catheters. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 107:445-467. [PMID: 30468560 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Over 75% of hospital-acquired or nosocomial urinary tract infections are initiated by urinary catheters, which are used during the treatment of 16% of hospitalized patients. Taking the United States as an example, the costs of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are in excess of $451 million dollars/year. The biofilm formation by pathogenic microbes that protects pathogens from host immune defense and antimicrobial agents is the leading cause for CAUTI. Thus, tremendous efforts have been devoted to antimicrobial coating for urinary catheters in the past few decades, and it has been demonstrated to be one of the most direct and efficient strategies to reduce infections. In this article, we briefly summarize the current methods for preparation of antimicrobial coatings based on different stages in the biofilm formation, highlight recent progress in the urinary catheter coating material design and selection, discuss approaches to improving their long-term antimicrobial efficacy, biocompatibility, multidrug resistance and recurrent infections, and finally outline future requirements and prospects in antimicrobial coating material design. The scope of the works surveyed is confined to antimicrobial urinary catheters. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 445-467, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Ziping Wang
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, Shandong 262700, China
| | - Siheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Xun Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
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239
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Kim MH, Khan MSI, Lee KW, Kim YJ. Biofilm reduction potential of micro-plasma discharged water (m-PDW) against the microbes isolated from a tofu manufacturing plant. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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240
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Ali K, Ahmed B, Khan MS, Musarrat J. Differential surface contact killing of pristine and low EPS Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Aloe vera capped hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 188:146-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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241
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Handorf O, Weihe T, Bekeschus S, Graf AC, Schnabel U, Riedel K, Ehlbeck J. Nonthermal Plasma Jet Treatment Negatively Affects the Viability and Structure of Candida albicans SC5314 Biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e01163-18. [PMID: 30143511 PMCID: PMC6193392 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01163-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are predominantly organized in biofilms, where cells live in dense communities and are more resistant to external stresses than are their planktonic counterparts. With in vitro experiments, the susceptibility of Candida albicans biofilms to a nonthermal plasma treatment (plasma source, kINPen09) in terms of growth, survival, and cell viability was investigated. C. albicans strain SC5314 (ATCC MYA-2876) was plasma treated for different time periods (30 s, 60 s, 120 s, 180 s, 300 s). The results of the experiments, encompassing CFU, fluorescence Live/Dead, and 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide salt (XTT) assays, revealed a negative influence of the plasma treatment on the proliferation ability, vitality, and metabolism of C. albicans biofilms, respectively. Morphological analysis of plasma-treated biofilms using atomic force microscopy supported the indications for lethal plasma effects concomitant with membrane disruptions and the loss of intracellular fluid. Yielding controversial results compared to those of other publications, fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopic inspection of plasma-treated biofilms indicated that an inactivation of cells appeared mainly on the bottom of the biofilms. If this inactivation leads to a detachment of the biofilms from the overgrown surface, it might offer completely new approaches in the plasma treatment of biofilms. Because of plasma's biochemical-mechanical mode of action, resistance of microbial cells against plasma is unknown at this state of research.IMPORTANCE Microbial communities are an increasing problem in medicine but also in industry. Thus, an efficient and rapid removal of biofilms is becoming increasingly important. With the aid of the kINPen09, a radiofrequency plasma jet (RFPJ) instrument, decisive new findings on the effects of plasma on C. albicans biofilms were obtained. This work showed that the inactivation of biofilms takes place mainly on the bottom, which in turn offers new possibilities for the removal of biofilms by other strategies, e.g., mechanical treatment. This result demonstrated that nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma is well suited for biofilm decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Handorf
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Weihe
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Bekeschus
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - A C Graf
- Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - U Schnabel
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - K Riedel
- Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Ehlbeck
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
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242
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Sarmah P, Rout J. Efficient biodegradation of low-density polyethylene by cyanobacteria isolated from submerged polyethylene surface in domestic sewage water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:33508-33520. [PMID: 30267347 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two dominant cyanobacterial species, Phormidium lucidum and Oscillatoria subbrevis, isolated from submerged polyethylene carry bags in domestic sewage water were found to be capable of degrading low-density polyethylene (LDPE) sheets efficiently. The FT-IR, SEM, NMR, CHN content, thermal, and tensile strength of PE were monitored for structural, morphological, and chemical changes of PE. The CHN analysis corroborated about 4% carbon utilization by the cyanobacterial species from the PE. The rapid growth of cyanobacterial species on the PE surface suggested that the microorganisms continued to gain energy from the PE. The reduction in lamellar thickness, weight, and crystallinity of the cyanobacterial-treated PE pointed to an efficient biodegradation process without any pro-oxidant additives or pretreatment. Alteration in bond indices computed from FT-IR spectroscopy revealed changes in functional group and side chain features indicating biodegradation. The enhanced laccase and manganese peroxidase activity corroborated the biodegradation. The 13C-NMR spectroscopy of the PE is consistent with short branching providing further evidence of biodegradation. Scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy exhibited large grooves on the surface suggesting significant disruption of polyethylene structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pampi Sarmah
- Department of Ecology & Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | - Jayashree Rout
- Department of Ecology & Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India.
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243
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Martínez-Pérez M, Conde A, Arenas MA, Mahíllo-Fernandez I, de-Damborenea JJ, Pérez-Tanoira R, Pérez-Jorge C, Esteban J. The "Race for the Surface" experimentally studied: In vitro assessment of Staphylococcus spp. adhesion and preosteoblastic cells integration to doped Ti-6Al-4V alloys. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 173:876-883. [PMID: 30551304 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Implant-related infection is a devastating complication in orthopedic surgery. Aiming to minimize this problem, many material modifications have been developed. Here we report a study of a surface modification of Ti-6 Al-4 V alloy using a methodology that enables the study of interactions between bacteria and the material in the presence of eukaryotic cells. METHODS We mixed different concentrations of collection or clinical strains of staphylococci isolated from implant-related infections with preosteoblastic cells using a previously published methodology, analyzing the minimal concentration of bacteria able to colonize the surface of the material through image analysis. Ti-6 Al-4 V alloy was modified by anodization to obtain two F-doped nanostructured surfaces that have been previously described to have antibacterial properties. RESULTS Our results show similar bacterial adhesion results to nanoporous and nanotubular F-doped surfaces. The presence of preosteoblastic cells increases the adherence of all bacterial strains to both structures. No effect of the surface on eukaryotic cells adherence was detected. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first time that anin vitro study emulating the race for the surface evaluates and compares the osseointegration and antibacterial properties between two nanostructured- modified titanium alloy surfaces. Clinical strains show different behavior from collection ones in bacterial adherence. The presence of cells increased bacterial adherence. NP and NT surface modifications didn´t show significant differences in bacterial adhesion and preosteoblastic cells integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martínez-Pérez
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM. Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Conde
- Department of Surface Engineering Corrosion and Durability, National Center for Metallurgical Research, CENIM-CSIC, Avda. Gregorio del Amo, 8, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María-Angeles Arenas
- Department of Surface Engineering Corrosion and Durability, National Center for Metallurgical Research, CENIM-CSIC, Avda. Gregorio del Amo, 8, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Mahíllo-Fernandez
- Department of Statistics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM. Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan-José de-Damborenea
- Department of Surface Engineering Corrosion and Durability, National Center for Metallurgical Research, CENIM-CSIC, Avda. Gregorio del Amo, 8, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ramón Pérez-Tanoira
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM. Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Concepción Pérez-Jorge
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM. Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jaime Esteban
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM. Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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244
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Velic A, Mathew A, Hines P, Yarlagadda PKDV. Control of bacterial attachment by fracture topography. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 91:416-424. [PMID: 30424978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the biomedical arena, bacterial fouling is a precursor to complications such as implant infection and nosocomial infection. These complications are further compounded by biochemical mechanisms of resistance that threaten the action of traditional antibacterial strategies. Accordingly, antibacterial property by physical, not biochemical, mechanisms of action is becoming increasingly popular and promising. The present work falls in line with this paradigm shift. Here, microtextured Ti-6Al-4V surfaces were manufactured by destructive tension at three different cross-head speeds, probed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and multifocus optical microscopy, and treated with Staphylococcus aureus to study bacterial attachment. The fractographic study revealed the presence of dual-mode fracture, typical of Ti-6Al-4V, comprising regions of both ductile, microvoid coalescence and brittle, cleavage faceting. Based on load-extension curves, quantitative roughness data, and qualitative SEM visualisation, it was evident that cross-head speed modulated fracture behaviour such that increased speed produced more brittle fracture whilst lower speeds produced more ductile fracture. The topography associated with ductile fracture was found to possess notable antibiofouling property due to geometric constrains imposed by the coalesced microvoids. Accordingly, fracture at low cross-head speeds (1 mm/min and 10 mm/min) yielded significant reduction in bacterial attachment, whilst fracture at high cross-head speeds (100 mm/min) did not. The greatest reduction (~72%) was achieved at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min. These findings suggest that antibiofouling property can be elicited by fracture and further 'tuned' by fracture speed. Discovery of this novel, albeit simple, avenue for topography-mediated antibacterial property calls for further research into alternate techniques for the manufacture of 'physical antibacterial surfaces'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Velic
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Asha Mathew
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Hines
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Prasad K D V Yarlagadda
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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245
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Zoumpourtikoudi V, Pyrgelis N, Chatzigrigoriou M, Tasakis RN, Touraki M. Interactions among yeast and probiotic bacteria enhance probiotic properties and metabolism offering augmented protection to Artemia franciscana against Vibrio anguillarum. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:497-506. [PMID: 30347259 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of the probiotics Bacillus subtilis, Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus plantarum with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined in terms of probiotic and biochemical characteristics. Yeast supernatant had a positive effect on the aggregation biofilm formation capacity and hydrophobicity of probiotics, and resulted in increased lactic acid levels, reduced pH values as well as lower RS and FAN levels of probiotics. The effect of probiotics supernatants on yeast was more complex but best results were obtained in the yeast: probiotic CFS ratio of 1:2 for B. subtilis and of 2:1 for the other probiotics. The observed effects depended on the volume ratio of the cell free supernatant to the culture it was applied on. Best results were obtained by the volume ratio probiotic: yeast of (2:1) for B. subtilis and of (1:2) probiotic: yeast for L. plantarum and L. lactis. These ratios were used for further evaluation in vitro against V. anguillarum, resulting in reduced survival and attachment properties of the pathogen. Moreover, the administration of the corresponding combination of bacteria and yeast to Artemia nauplii greatly improved their survival following a challenge with the pathogen. Our results demonstrate that yeast enhances the protective effect of probiotics in a strain specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Zoumpourtikoudi
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N Pyrgelis
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Chatzigrigoriou
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - R N Tasakis
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Touraki
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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246
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Joshi J, Guttal V. Demographic noise and cost of greenbeard can facilitate greenbeard cooperation. Evolution 2018; 72:2595-2607. [PMID: 30270425 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cooperation among organisms, where cooperators suffer a personal cost to benefit others, is ubiquitous in nature. Greenbeard is a key mechanism for the evolution of cooperation, where a single gene or a set of linked genes codes for both cooperation and a phenotypic tag (metaphorically called "green beard"). Greenbeard cooperation is typically thought to decline over time since defectors can also evolve the tag. However, models of tag-based cooperation typically ignore two key realistic features: populations are finite, and that phenotypic tags can be costly. We develop an analytical model for coevolutionary dynamics of two evolvable traits in finite populations with mutations: costly cooperation and a costly tag. We show that an interplay of demographic noise and cost of the tag can induce coevolutionary cycling, where the evolving population does not reach a steady state but spontaneously switches between cooperative tag-carrying and noncooperative tagless states. Such dynamics allows the tag to repeatedly reappear even after it is invaded by defectors. Thus, we highlight the surprising possibility that the cost of the tag, together with demographic noise, can facilitate the evolution of greenbeard cooperation. We discuss implications of these findings in the context of the evolution of quorum sensing and multicellularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Joshi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Vishwesha Guttal
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
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247
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Kan A, Del Valle I, Rudge T, Federici F, Haseloff J. Intercellular adhesion promotes clonal mixing in growing bacterial populations. J R Soc Interface 2018; 15:rsif.2018.0406. [PMID: 30232243 PMCID: PMC6170782 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dense bacterial communities, known as biofilms, can have functional spatial organization driven by self-organizing chemical and physical interactions between cells, and their environment. In this work, we investigated intercellular adhesion, a pervasive property of bacteria in biofilms, to identify effects on the internal structure of bacterial colonies. We expressed the self-recognizing ag43 adhesin protein in Escherichia coli to generate adhesion between cells, which caused aggregation in liquid culture and altered microcolony morphology on solid media. We combined the adhesive phenotype with an artificial colony patterning system based on plasmid segregation, which marked clonal lineage domains in colonies grown from single cells. Engineered E. coli were grown to colonies containing domains with varying adhesive properties, and investigated with microscopy, image processing and computational modelling techniques. We found that intercellular adhesion elongated the fractal-like boundary between cell lineages only when both domains within the colony were adhesive, by increasing the rotational motion during colony growth. Our work demonstrates that adhesive intercellular interactions can have significant effects on the spatial organization of bacterial populations, which can be exploited for biofilm engineering. Furthermore, our approach provides a robust platform to study the influence of intercellular interactions on spatial structure in bacterial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ilenne Del Valle
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tim Rudge
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Biology and Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernán Federici
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Fondo de Desarrollo de Áreas Prioritarias, Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Institute for Integrative Systems and Synthetic Biology (MIISSB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Jim Haseloff
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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248
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Hou W, Liu Y, Zhang B, He X, Li H. Adsorption-associated orientational changes of immunoglobulin G and regulated phagocytosis of Staphylococcus epidermidis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:2838-2849. [PMID: 30194904 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the adsorption of immunoglobulin G (IgG) on biomaterials surfaces is crucial for design and modification of the surfaces to alleviate inflammatory responses after implantation. Here, we report direct visualization and two-dimensional (2D) image interpretation of the IgG molecule adsorbed on simplified surfaces by single particle electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Influence of the orientational changes in adsorbed IgG on phagocytosis of macrophages against Staphylococcus epidermidis is further examined. Untreated amorphous carbon film and -COOH and -NH2 grafted carbon films are employed as the model surfaces for the adsorption testing. Results show that IgG displays flat orientation lying on the untreated surface, while forms vertical orientations standing on the functionalized surfaces. These specific spatial alignments are associated with altered unfolding extent and structure rearrangement of IgG domains, which are influenced synergistically by surface charge and wettability of the substrata. The changes in interdomain distance of IgG molecules subsequently regulate immune behaviors of macrophages and phagocytosis of S. epidermidis. The results would give insight into appropriate design of biomaterial surfaces in nanoscales for desired inflammatory responses. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2838-2849, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Hou
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Botao Zhang
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
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249
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Melok AL, Lee LH, Mohamed Yussof SA, Chu T. Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate-Stearate Inhibits the Growth of Streptococcus mutans: A Promising New Approach in Caries Prevention. Dent J (Basel) 2018; 6:dj6030038. [PMID: 30082585 PMCID: PMC6162448 DOI: 10.3390/dj6030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the main etiological bacteria present in the oral cavity that leads to dental caries. All of the S. mutans in the oral cavity form biofilms that adhere to the surfaces of teeth. Dental caries are infections facilitated by the development of biofilm. An esterified derivative of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin-3-gallate-stearate (EGCG-S), was used in this study to assess its ability to inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of S. mutans. The effect of EGCG-S on bacterial growth was evaluated with colony forming units (CFU) and log reduction; biofilm formation was qualitatively determined by Congo red assay, and quantitatively determined by crystal violet assay, fluorescence-based LIVE/DEAD assays to study the cell viability, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the morphological changes. The results indicated that EGCG-S was able to completely inhibit growth and biofilm formation at concentrations of 250 µg/mL. Its effectiveness was also compared with a commonly prescribed mouthwash in the United States, chlorhexidine gluconate. EGCG-S was shown to be equally effective in reducing S. mutans growth as chlorhexidine gluconate. In conclusion, EGCG-S is potentially an anticariogenic agent by reducing bacterial presence in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lynn Melok
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA.
| | - Lee H Lee
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA.
| | - Siti Ayuni Mohamed Yussof
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA.
| | - Tinchun Chu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA.
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250
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Belik AA, Silchenko AS, Kusaykin MI, Zvyagintseva TN, Ermakova SP. Alginate Lyases: Substrates, Structure, Properties, and Prospects of Application. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162018040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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