201
|
Exploiting Bacterial Whole-Genome Sequencing Data for Evaluation of Diagnostic Assays: Campylobacter Species Identification as a Case Study. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54:2882-2890. [PMID: 27733632 PMCID: PMC5121375 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01522-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to problems in clinical microbiology has had a major impact on the field. Clinical laboratories are now using WGS for pathogen identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and epidemiological typing. WGS data also represent a valuable resource for the development and evaluation of molecular diagnostic assays, which continue to play an important role in clinical microbiology. To demonstrate this application of WGS, this study used publicly available genomic data to evaluate a duplex real-time PCR (RT-PCR) assay that targets mapA and ceuE for the detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, leading global causes of bacterial gastroenteritis. In silico analyses of mapA and ceuE primer and probe sequences from 1,713 genetically diverse C. jejuni and C. coli genomes, supported by RT-PCR testing, indicated that the assay was robust, with 1,707 (99.7%) isolates correctly identified. The high specificity of the mapA-ceuE assay was the result of interspecies diversity and intraspecies conservation of the target genes in C. jejuni and C. coli Rare instances of a lack of specificity among C. coli isolates were due to introgression in mapA or sequence diversity in ceuE The results of this study illustrate how WGS can be exploited to evaluate molecular diagnostic assays by using publicly available data, online databases, and open-source software.
Collapse
|
202
|
Llarena AK, Zhang J, Vehkala M, Välimäki N, Hakkinen M, Hänninen ML, Roasto M, Mäesaar M, Taboada E, Barker D, Garofolo G, Cammà C, Di Giannatale E, Corander J, Rossi M. Monomorphic genotypes within a generalist lineage of Campylobacter jejuni show signs of global dispersion. Microb Genom 2016; 2:e000088. [PMID: 28348829 PMCID: PMC5359405 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The decreased costs of genome sequencing have increased the capability to apply whole-genome sequencing to epidemiological surveillance of zoonotic Campylobacter jejuni. However, knowledge of the genetic diversity of this bacteria is vital for inferring relatedness between epidemiologically linked isolates and a necessary prerequisite for correct application of this methodology. To address this issue in C. jejuni we investigated the spatial and temporal signals in the genomes of a major clonal complex and generalist lineage, ST-45 CC, by analysing the population structure and genealogy as well as applying genome-wide association analysis of 340 isolates from across Europe collected over a wide time range. The occurrence and strength of the geographical signal varied between sublineages and followed the clonal frame when present, while no evidence of a temporal signal was found. Certain sublineages of ST-45 formed discrete and genetically isolated clades containing isolates with extremely similar genomes regardless of time and location of sampling. Based on a separate data set, these monomorphic genotypes represent successful C. jejuni clones, possibly spread around the globe by rapid animal (migrating birds), food or human movement. In addition, we observed an incongruence between the genealogy of the strains and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), challenging the existing clonal complex definition and the use of whole-genome gene-by-gene hierarchical nomenclature schemes for C. jejuni.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Llarena
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal & Biomedical Sciences, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerstone North, New Zealand
| | - Minna Vehkala
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niko Välimäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjaana Hakkinen
- Food and Feed Microbiology Research Unit, Research and Laboratory Department, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Hänninen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mati Roasto
- Department of Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mihkel Mäesaar
- Department of Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Veterinary and Food Laboratory, VFL, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eduardo Taboada
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, c/o Animal Diseases Research Institute, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Dillon Barker
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, c/o Animal Diseases Research Institute, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Giuliano Garofolo
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’, Teramo, Italy
| | - Cesare Cammà
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’, Teramo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Giannatale
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’, Teramo, Italy
| | - Jukka Corander
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mirko Rossi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Antimicrobial and Virulence-Modulating Effects of Clove Essential Oil on the Foodborne Pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:6158-6166. [PMID: 27520816 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01221-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study investigated the antimicrobial action of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oil (EO) on the zoonotic pathogen Campylobacter jejuni After confirming the clove essential oil's general antibacterial effect, we analyzed the reference strain Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168. Phenotypic, proteomic, and transcriptomic methods were used to reveal changes in cell morphology and functions when exposed to sublethal concentrations of clove EO. The normally curved cells showed markedly straightened and shrunken morphology on the scanning electron micrographs as a result of stress. Although, oxidative stress, as a generally accepted response to essential oils, was also present, the dominance of a general stress response was demonstrated by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). The results of RT-PCR and two-dimensional (2D) PAGE revealed that clove oil perturbs the expression of virulence-associated genes taking part in the synthesis of flagella, PEB1, PEB4, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and serine protease. Loss of motility was also detected by a phenotypic test. Bioautographic analysis revealed that besides its major component, eugenol, at least four other spots of clove EO possessed bactericidal activity against C. jejuni Our findings show that clove EO has a marked antibacterial and potential virulence-modulating effect on C. jejuni IMPORTANCE: This study demonstrates that the components of clove essential oil influence not only the expression of general stress genes but also the expression of virulence-associated genes. Based on this finding, alternative strategies can be worked on to control this important foodborne pathogen.
Collapse
|
204
|
Mund NLA, Masanta WO, Goldschmidt AM, Lugert R, Groß U, Zautner AE. Association of Campylobacter Jejuni ssp. Jejuni Chemotaxis Receptor Genes with Multilocus Sequence Types and Source of Isolation. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2016; 6:162-177. [PMID: 27766165 PMCID: PMC5063009 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2015.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni's flagellar locomotion is controlled by eleven chemoreceptors. Assessment of the distribution of the relevant chemoreceptor genes in the C. jejuni genomes deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database led to the identification of two previously unknown tlp genes and a tlp5 pseudogene. These two chemoreceptor genes share the same locus in the C. jejuni genome with tlp4 and tlp11, but the gene region encoding the periplasmic ligand binding domain differs significantly from other chemoreceptor genes. Hence, they were named tlp12 and tlp13. Consequently, it was of interest to study their distribution in C. jejuni subpopulations of different clonality, and their cooccurrence with the eleven previously reported chemoreceptor genes. Therefore, the presence of all tlp genes was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 292 multilocus sequence typing (MLST)-typed C. jejuni isolates from different hosts. The findings show interesting trends: Tlp4, tlp11, tlp12, and tlp13 appeared to be mutually exclusive and cooccur in a minor subset of isolates. Tlp4 was found to be present in only 33.56% of all tested isolates and was significantly less often detected in turkey isolates. Tlp11 was tested positive in only 17.8% of the isolates, while tlp12 was detected in 29.5% of all isolates, and tlp13 was found to be present in 38.7%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andreas E. Zautner
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 57, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Mughini-Gras L, Penny C, Ragimbeau C, Schets FM, Blaak H, Duim B, Wagenaar JA, de Boer A, Cauchie HM, Mossong J, van Pelt W. Quantifying potential sources of surface water contamination with Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 101:36-45. [PMID: 27244295 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter is the most common causative agent of human bacterial gastroenteritis and is frequently found in surface water, where it indicates recent contamination with animal faeces, sewage effluent, and agricultural run-off. The contribution of different animal reservoirs to surface water contamination with Campylobacter is largely unknown. In the Netherlands, the massive poultry culling to control the 2003 avian influenza epidemic coincided with a 44-50% reduction in human campylobacteriosis cases in the culling areas, suggesting substantial environment-mediated spread of poultry-borne Campylobacter. We inferred the origin of surface water Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains in Luxembourg and the Netherlands, as defined by multilocus sequence typing, by comparison to strains from poultry, pigs, ruminants, and wild birds, using the asymmetric island model for source attribution. Most Luxembourgish water strains were attributed to wild birds (61.0%), followed by poultry (18.8%), ruminants (15.9%), and pigs (4.3%); whereas the Dutch water strains were mainly attributed to poultry (51.7%), wild birds (37.3%), ruminants (9.8%), and pigs (1.2%). Attributions varied over seasons and surface water types, and geographical variation in the relative contribution of poultry correlated with the magnitude of poultry production at either the national or provincial level, suggesting that environmental dissemination of Campylobacter from poultry farms and slaughterhouses can be substantial in poultry-rich regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lapo Mughini-Gras
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Yalelaan 1, De Uithof, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Christian Penny
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Catherine Ragimbeau
- National Health Laboratory (LNS), Surveillance and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, 1 rue Louis Rech, Dudelange L-3555, Luxembourg
| | - Franciska M Schets
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty Blaak
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitta Duim
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Yalelaan 1, De Uithof, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; WHO-Collaborating Center for Campylobacter and OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Yalelaan 1, De Uithof, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Yalelaan 1, De Uithof, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; WHO-Collaborating Center for Campylobacter and OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Yalelaan 1, De Uithof, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert de Boer
- Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Henry-Michel Cauchie
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Joel Mossong
- National Health Laboratory (LNS), Surveillance and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, 1 rue Louis Rech, Dudelange L-3555, Luxembourg
| | - Wilfrid van Pelt
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Lucarelli C, Dionisi AM, Trezzi L, Farina C, Passera M, Kärki T, D'Ancona F, Luzzi I. Molecular and Epidemiological Analysis of aCampylobacter jejuniOutbreak in Northern Italy in November 2013. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:490-4. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lucarelli
- European Program for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Livia Trezzi
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Bergamo, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Passera
- Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Tommi Kärki
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ida Luzzi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Abstract
Campylobacter is the leading cause of bacterial diarrhoeal disease worldwide, with raw and undercooked poultry meat and products the primary source of infection. Colonization of broiler chicken flocks with Campylobacter has proved difficult to prevent, even with high levels of biosecurity. Dipteran flies are proven carriers of Campylobacter and their ingress into broiler houses may contribute to its transmission to broiler chickens. However, this has not been investigated in the UK. Campylobacter was cultured from 2195 flies collected from four UK broiler farms. Of flies cultured individually, 0·22% [2/902, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0-0·53] were positive by culture for Campylobacter spp. Additionally, 1293 flies were grouped by family and cultured in 127 batches: 4/127 (3·15%, 95% CI 0·11-6·19) from three broiler farms were positive for Campylobacter. Multilocus sequence typing of isolates demonstrated that the flies were carrying broiler-associated sequence types, responsible for human enteric illness. Malaise traps were used to survey the dipteran species diversity on study farms and also revealed up to 612 flies present around broiler-house ventilation inlets over a 2-h period. Therefore, despite the low prevalence of Campylobacter cultured from flies, the risk of transmission by this route may be high, particularly during summer when fly populations are greatest.
Collapse
|
208
|
Nohra A, Grinberg A, Midwinter AC, Marshall JC, Collins-Emerson JM, French NP. Molecular Epidemiology of Campylobacter coli Strains Isolated from Different Sources in New Zealand between 2005 and 2014. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:4363-4370. [PMID: 27208097 PMCID: PMC4959208 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00934-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Campylobacteriosis is one of the most important foodborne diseases worldwide and a significant health burden in New Zealand. Campylobacter jejuni is the predominant species worldwide, accounting for approximately 90% of human cases, followed by Campylobacter coli Most studies in New Zealand have focused on C. jejuni; hence, the impact of C. coli strains on human health is not well understood. The aim of this study was to genotype C. coli isolates collected in the Manawatu region of New Zealand from clinical cases, fresh poultry meat, ruminant feces, and environmental water sources, between 2005 and 2014, to study their population structure and estimate the contribution of each source to the burden of human disease. Campylobacter isolates were identified by PCR and typed by multilocus sequence typing. C. coli accounted for 2.9% (n = 47/1,601) of Campylobacter isolates from human clinical cases, 9.6% (n = 108/1,123) from poultry, 13.4% (n = 49/364) from ruminants, and 6.4% (n = 11/171) from water. Molecular subtyping revealed 27 different sequence types (STs), of which 18 belonged to clonal complex ST-828. ST-1581 was the most prevalent C. coli sequence type isolated from both human cases (n = 12/47) and poultry (n = 44/110). When classified using cladistics, all sequence types belonged to clade 1 except ST-7774, which belonged to clade 2. ST-854, ST-1590, and ST-4009 were isolated only from human cases and fresh poultry, while ST-3232 was isolated only from human cases and ruminant sources. Modeling indicated ruminants and poultry as the main sources of C. coli human infection. IMPORTANCE We performed a molecular epidemiological study of Campylobacter coli infection in New Zealand, one of few such studies globally. This study analyzed the population genetic structure of the bacterium and included a probabilistic source attribution model covering different animal and water sources. The results are discussed in a global context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Nohra
- Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (EpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Infectious Diseases Group, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Alex Grinberg
- Infectious Diseases Group, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Anne C Midwinter
- Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (EpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Infectious Diseases Group, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan C Marshall
- Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (EpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Julie M Collins-Emerson
- Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (EpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Infectious Diseases Group, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nigel P French
- Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (EpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Infectious Diseases Group, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Vasco K, Graham JP, Trueba G. Detection of Zoonotic Enteropathogens in Children and Domestic Animals in a Semirural Community in Ecuador. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:4218-4224. [PMID: 27208122 PMCID: PMC4959199 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00795-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Animals are important reservoirs of zoonotic enteropathogens, and transmission to humans occurs more frequently in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where small-scale livestock production is common. In this study, we investigated the presence of zoonotic enteropathogens in stool samples from 64 asymptomatic children and 203 domestic animals of 62 households in a semirural community in Ecuador between June and August 2014. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to assess zoonotic transmission of Campylobacter jejuni and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC), which were the most prevalent bacterial pathogens in children and domestic animals (30.7% and 10.5%, respectively). Four sequence types (STs) of C. jejuni and four STs of aEPEC were identical between children and domestic animals. The apparent sources of human infection were chickens, dogs, guinea pigs, and rabbits for C. jejuni and pigs, dogs, and chickens for aEPEC. Other pathogens detected in children and domestic animals were Giardia lamblia (13.1%), Cryptosporidium parvum (1.1%), and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) (2.6%). Salmonella enterica was detected in 5 dogs and Yersinia enterocolitica was identified in 1 pig. Even though we identified 7 enteric pathogens in children, we encountered evidence of active transmission between domestic animals and humans only for C. jejuni and aEPEC. We also found evidence that C. jejuni strains from chickens were more likely to be transmitted to humans than those coming from other domestic animals. Our findings demonstrate the complex nature of enteropathogen transmission between domestic animals and humans and stress the need for further studies. IMPORTANCE We found evidence that Campylobacter jejuni, Giardia, and aEPEC organisms were the most common zoonotic enteropathogens in children and domestic animals in a region close to Quito, the capital of Ecuador. Genetic analysis of the isolates suggests transmission of some genotypes of C. jejuni and aEPEC from domestic animals to humans in this region. We also found that the genotypes associated with C. jejuni from chickens were present more often in children than were those from other domestic animals. The potential environmental factors associated with transmission of these pathogens to humans then are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Vasco
- Microbiology Institute, Colegio de Ciencias Biologicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jay P Graham
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gabriel Trueba
- Microbiology Institute, Colegio de Ciencias Biologicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
Di Giannatale E, Garofolo G, Alessiani A, Di Donato G, Candeloro L, Vencia W, Decastelli L, Marotta F. Tracing Back Clinical Campylobacter jejuni in the Northwest of Italy and Assessing Their Potential Source. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:887. [PMID: 27379033 PMCID: PMC4904018 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-borne campylobacteriosis is caused mainly by the handling or consumption of undercooked chicken meat or by the ingestion of contaminated raw milk. Knowledge about the contributions of different food sources to gastrointestinal disease is fundamental to prioritize food safety interventions and to establish proper control strategies. Assessing the genetic diversity among Campylobacter species is essential to our understanding of their epidemiology and population structure. We molecularly characterized 56 Campylobacter jejuni isolates (31 from patients hospitalized with gastroenteritis, 17 from raw milk samples, and 8 from chicken samples) using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in order to trace the source of the disease. We also used a population genetic approach to investigate the source of the human cases from six different reservoirs of infection. MLST identified 25 different sequence types and 11 clonal complexes (CCs) (21, 658, 206, 353, 443, 48, 61, 257, 1332, 354, 574) and these included several alleles not cited previously in the PubMLST international database. The most prevalent CCs were 21, 206, and 354. PFGE showed 34 pulsotypes divided between 28 different clusters. At the fine scale, by means of PFGE and MLST, only two human cases were linked to raw milk, while one case was linked to chicken meat. The investigation revealed the presence of several genotypes among the human isolates, which probably suggests multiple foci for the infections. Finally, the source attribution model we used revealed that most cases were attributed to chicken (69.75%) as the main reservoir in Italy, followed to a lesser extent by the following sources: cattle (8.25%); environment (6.28%); wild bird (7.37%); small ruminant (5.35%), and pork (2.98%). This study confirms the importance of correlating epidemiological investigations with molecular epidemiological data to better understand the dynamics of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Giannatale
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G.Caporale”Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuliano Garofolo
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G.Caporale”Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Alessiani
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G.Caporale”Teramo, Italy
| | - Guido Di Donato
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G.Caporale”Teramo, Italy
| | - Luca Candeloro
- Department of Statistics and GIS, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G.Caporale”Teramo, Italy
| | - Walter Vencia
- Food Hygiene and Safety Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’AostaTorino, Italy
| | - Lucia Decastelli
- Food Hygiene and Safety Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’AostaTorino, Italy
| | - Francesca Marotta
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G.Caporale”Teramo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Nguyen TNM, Hotzel H, El-Adawy H, Tran HT, Le MTH, Tomaso H, Neubauer H, Hafez HM. Genotyping and antibiotic resistance of thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from chicken and pig meat in Vietnam. Gut Pathog 2016; 8:19. [PMID: 27175218 PMCID: PMC4863348 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-016-0100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter species are recognized as the most common cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. In this study nine Campylobacter strains isolated from chicken meat and pork in Hanoi, Vietnam, were characterized using molecular methods and tested for antibiotic resistance. RESULTS The nine isolates (eight C. jejuni and one C. coli) were identified by multiplex PCR, and tested for the presence or absence of 29 gene loci associated with virulence, lipooligosaccharide (LOS) biosynthesis and further functions. flaA typing, multilocus sequence typing and microarray assay investigation showed a high degree of genetic diversity among these isolates. In all isolates motility genes (flaA, flaB, flhA, fliM), colonization associated genes (cadF, docB), toxin production genes (cdtA, cdtB, secD, secF), and the LOS biosynthesis gene pglB were detected. Eight gene loci (fliY, virB11, Cje1278, Cj1434c, Cj1138, Cj1438c, Cj1440c, Cj1136) could not be detected by PCR. A differing presence of the gene loci ciaB (22.2 %), Cje1280 (77.8 %), docC (66.7 %), and cgtB (55.6 %) was found. iamA, cdtC, and the type 6 secretion system were present in all C. jejuni isolates but not in C. coli. flaA typing resulted in five different genotypes within C. jejuni, MLST classified the isolates into seven sequence types (ST-5155, ST-6736, ST-2837, ST-4395, ST-5799, ST-4099 and ST-860). The microarray assay analysis showed a high genetic diversity within Vietnamese Campylobacter isolates which resulted in eight different types for C. jejuni. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles showed that all isolates were sensitive to gentamicin and most isolates (88.8 %) were sensitive to chloramphenicol, erythromycin and streptomycin. Resistance rates to nalidixic acid, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin were 88.9, 77.8 and 66.7 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report that shows high genetic diversity and remarkable antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter strains isolated from meat in Vietnam which can be considered of high public health significance. These preliminary data show that large scale screenings are justified to assess the relevance of Campylobacter infections on human health in Vietnam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Ngoc Minh Nguyen
- />HungVuong University, Viet Tri, PhuTho Vietnam
- />Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
- />Institute of Poultry Diseases, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- />Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- />Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
- />Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Hanh Thi Tran
- />Institute of Tropical Diseases and Zoonoses Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Thi Hong Le
- />Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- />Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- />Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
212
|
IRSHAD H, COOKSON AL, ROSS CM, JAROS P, PRATTLEY DJ, DONNISON A, McBRIDE G, MARSHALL J, FRENCH NP. Diversity and relatedness of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni between farms in a dairy catchment. Epidemiol Infect 2016; 144:1406-17. [PMID: 26593403 PMCID: PMC9150598 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268815002782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the population structure, transmission and spatial relationship between genotypes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Campylobacter jejuni, on 20 dairy farms in a defined catchment. Pooled faecal samples (n = 72) obtained from 288 calves were analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) for E. coli serotypes O26, O103, O111, O145 and O157. The number of samples positive for E. coli O26 (30/72) was high compared to E. coli O103 (7/72), O145 (3/72), O157 (2/72) and O111 (0/72). Eighteen E. coli O26 and 53 C. jejuni isolates were recovered from samples by bacterial culture. E. coli O26 and C. jejuni isolates were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing, respectively. All E. coli O26 isolates could be divided into four clusters and the results indicated that E. coli O26 isolates recovered from calves on the same farm were more similar than isolates recovered from different farms in the catchment. There were 11 different sequence types of C. jejuni isolated from the cattle and 22 from water. An analysis of the population structure of C. jejuni isolated from cattle provided evidence of clustering of genotypes within farms, and among groups of farms separated by road boundaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. IRSHAD
- mEpiLab, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Animal Health Programme, Animal Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A. L. COOKSON
- mEpiLab, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch Ltd, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - C. M. ROSS
- AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - P. JAROS
- mEpiLab, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - D. J. PRATTLEY
- mEpiLab, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - A. DONNISON
- AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - G. McBRIDE
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - J. MARSHALL
- mEpiLab, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - N. P. FRENCH
- mEpiLab, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
213
|
Cha W, Mosci R, Wengert SL, Singh P, Newton DW, Salimnia H, Lephart P, Khalife W, Mansfield LS, Rudrik JT, Manning SD. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Human Campylobacter jejuni Isolates and Association with Phylogenetic Lineages. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:589. [PMID: 27199922 PMCID: PMC4845714 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a zoonotic pathogen and the most common bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. With the increase of antibiotic resistance to fluoroquinolones and macrolides, the drugs of choice for treatment, C. jejuni was recently classified as a serious antimicrobial resistant threat. Here, we characterized 94 C. jejuni isolates collected from patients at four Michigan hospitals in 2011 and 2012 to determine the frequency of resistance and association with phylogenetic lineages. The prevalence of resistance to fluoroquinolones (19.1%) and macrolides (2.1%) in this subset of C. jejuni isolates from Michigan was similar to national reports. High frequencies of fluoroquinolone-resistant C. jejuni isolates, however, were recovered from patients with a history of foreign travel. A high proportion of these resistant isolates were classified as multilocus sequence type (ST)-464, a fluoroquinolone-resistant lineage that recently emerged in Europe. A significantly higher prevalence of tetracycline-resistant C. jejuni was also found in Michigan and resistant isolates were more likely to represent ST-982, which has been previously recovered from ruminants and the environment in the U.S. Notably, patients with tetracycline-resistant C. jejuni infections were more likely to have contact with cattle. These outcomes prompt the need to monitor the dissemination and diversification of imported fluoroquinolone-resistant C. jejuni strains and to investigate the molecular epidemiology of C. jejuni recovered from cattle and farm environments to guide mitigation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wonhee Cha
- Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Rebekah Mosci
- Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Samantha L Wengert
- Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Pallavi Singh
- Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Duane W Newton
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hossein Salimnia
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, DetroitMichigan, USA; Detroit Medical Center University LaboratoriesDetroit, MI, USA
| | - Paul Lephart
- Detroit Medical Center University Laboratories Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Linda S Mansfield
- Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA; Departments of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, USA
| | - James T Rudrik
- Bureau of Laboratories, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Shannon D Manning
- Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Yamazaki W, Uemura R, Sekiguchi S, Dong JB, Watanabe S, Kirino Y, Mekata H, Nonaka N, Norimine J, Sueyoshi M, Goto Y, Horii Y, Kurogi M, Yoshino S, Misawa N. Campylobacter and Salmonella are prevalent in broiler farms in Kyushu, Japan: results of a 2-year distribution and circulation dynamics audit. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1711-22. [PMID: 27005691 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To elucidate the distribution and circulation dynamics of Campylobacter and Salmonella in Japanese chicken broiler flocks. METHODS AND RESULTS A 2-year investigation of the distribution of Campylobacter and Salmonella was conducted in 25 broiler flocks at nine farms in Japan from 2013 to 2014. Campylobacter and Salmonella tested positive in 11 (44·0%) and 24 (96·0%) broiler flocks respectively. One hundred and ninety-five Campylobacter and 184 Salmonella isolates were characterized into 12 Campylobacter (including two novel genotypes) and three Salmonella MLST genotypes. Only Salmonella isolation between caecal and environmental samples were significantly correlated. Further, one litter sample tested positive for Salmonella before new chicks were introduced. The Campylobacter strains rapidly lost culturability within 2-18 days; in contrast, the Salmonella strains survived from 64-211 days in artificially inoculated water samples. CONCLUSION No persistent circulation-mediated Campylobacter contamination was observed. In contrast, circulation of Salmonella in broiler houses was seen, apparently due to the litter excreted from broiler flocks, as well as Salmonella-contaminated water and feed. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This paper provides the distribution, genotypic data and circulation dynamics of Campylobacter and Salmonella as recently observed in Japanese chicken broiler farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Yamazaki
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - R Uemura
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - S Sekiguchi
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - J-B Dong
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Y Kirino
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - H Mekata
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - N Nonaka
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - J Norimine
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - M Sueyoshi
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Y Goto
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Y Horii
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - M Kurogi
- Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - S Yoshino
- Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - N Misawa
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
215
|
Campylobacter jejuni Fatal Sepsis in a Patient with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Case Report and Literature Review of a Difficult Diagnosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:544. [PMID: 27077849 PMCID: PMC4849000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) bacteremia is difficult to diagnose in individuals with hematological disorders undergoing chemotherapy. The cause can be attributed to the rarity of this infection, to the variable clinical presentation, and to the partial overlapping symptoms underlying the disease. Here, we report a case of a fatal sepsis caused by C. jejuni in a 76-year-old Caucasian man with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. After chemotherapeutic treatment, the patient experienced fever associated with severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia without hemodynamic instability, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The slow growth of C. jejuni in the blood culture systems and the difficulty in identifying it with conventional biochemical phenotyping methods contributed to the delay of administering a targeted antimicrobial treatment, leading to a fatal outcome. Early recognition and timely intervention are critical for the successful management of C. jejuni infection. Symptoms may be difficult to recognize in immunocompromised patients undergoing chemotherapy. Thus, it is important to increase physician awareness regarding the clinical manifestations of C. jejuni to improve therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, the use of more aggressive empirical antimicrobial treatments with aminoglycosides and/or carbapenems should be considered in immunosuppressed patients, in comparison to those currently indicated in the guidelines for cancer-related infections supporting the use of cephalosporins as monotherapy.
Collapse
|
216
|
Schallegger G, Muri-Klinger S, Brugger K, Lindhardt C, John L, Glatzl M, Wagner M, Stessl B. CombinedCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter coliRapid Testing and Molecular Epidemiology in Conventional Broiler Flocks. Zoonoses Public Health 2016; 63:588-599. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Schallegger
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health; Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology, and Food Science; University of Veterinary Medicine; Vienna Austria
- Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary Practice Dr. Glatzl; Vienna Austria
| | - S. Muri-Klinger
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health; Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology, and Food Science; University of Veterinary Medicine; Vienna Austria
| | - K. Brugger
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health; Institute for Veterinary Public Health; University of Veterinary Medicine; Vienna Austria
| | - C. Lindhardt
- Immunological Microbiology Group; Merck Millipore; LBR; Applications; Merck KGaA; Darmstadt Germany
| | - L. John
- Immunological Microbiology Group; Merck Millipore; LBR; Applications; Merck KGaA; Darmstadt Germany
| | - M. Glatzl
- Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary Practice Dr. Glatzl; Vienna Austria
| | - M. Wagner
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health; Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology, and Food Science; University of Veterinary Medicine; Vienna Austria
| | - B. Stessl
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health; Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology, and Food Science; University of Veterinary Medicine; Vienna Austria
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Harvala H, Rosendal T, Lahti E, Engvall EO, Brytting M, Wallensten A, Lindberg A. Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni infections in Sweden, November 2011-October 2012: is the severity of infection associated with C. jejuni sequence type? Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2016; 6:31079. [PMID: 27059819 PMCID: PMC4826459 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v6.31079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni is among the most frequent causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in Europe. Over 8,000 C. jejuni multilocus sequence typing sequence types (STs) have been described; ST-21 and ST-45 have been identified as the most frequent types in all human studies so far. In contrast to other STs, ST-22 has been associated with the Guillain-Barré syndrome and ST-677 was recently linked to severe systemic infections in Finland. We investigated risk factors associated with hospitalisation in individuals with C. jejuni infections acquired in Sweden. METHODS A total of 1,075 individuals with domestically acquired C. jejuni infection diagnosed between November 2011 and October 2012 in Sweden were included in this retrospective cohort study. Typing data for the isolates as well as clinical data including hospitalisation dates and diagnosis codes for individuals with C. jejuni infection were obtained. Factors associated with hospitalisation and length of hospitalisation were investigated by multivariable analysis. RESULTS A total of 289 individuals were hospitalised due to C. jejuni infection (26.8%); those with co-morbidities were over 14 times more likely to become hospitalised than those without (odds ratio [OR]: 14.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.84-30.26). Those with underlying co-morbidities were also hospitalised longer than those without (4.22 days vs. 2.86 days), although this was not statistically significant. C. jejuni ST-257 (OR: 2.38; CI: 1.08-5.23), but not ST-22 or ST-677, was significantly associated with hospitalisation. CONCLUSION ST-677 was not associated with increased hospitalisation or a longer hospital stay in our study whilst ST-257 was. However, individuals with C. jejuni infections were generally more frequently hospitalised than previously demonstrated; this requires further consideration including possible targeted interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heli Harvala
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
- European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden; ;
| | | | - Elina Lahti
- National Veterinary Institute of Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva O Engvall
- National Veterinary Institute of Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Wallensten
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann Lindberg
- National Veterinary Institute of Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
218
|
Genetic Diversity of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolates from Conventional Broiler Flocks and the Impacts of Sampling Strategy and Laboratory Method. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:2347-2355. [PMID: 26873321 PMCID: PMC4959481 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03693-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic diversity of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from commercial broiler farms was examined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), with an assessment of the impact of the sample type and laboratory method on the genotypes of Campylobacter isolated. A total of 645 C. jejuni and 106 C. coli isolates were obtained from 32 flocks and 17 farms, with 47 sequence types (STs) identified. The Campylobacter jejuni isolates obtained by different sampling approaches and laboratory methods were very similar, with the same STs identified at similar frequencies, and had no major effect on the genetic profile of Campylobacter population in broiler flocks at the farm level. For C. coli, the results were more equivocal. While some STs were widely distributed within and among farms and flocks, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a high degree of genetic diversity among farms for C. jejuni, where farm effects accounted for 70.5% of variance, and among flocks from the same farm (9.9% of variance for C. jejuni and 64.1% for C. coli). These results show the complexity of the population structure of Campylobacter in broiler production and that commercial broiler farms provide an ecological niche for a wide diversity of genotypes. The genetic diversity of C. jejuni isolates among broiler farms should be taken into account when designing studies to understand Campylobacter populations in broiler production and the impact of interventions. We provide evidence that supports synthesis of studies on C. jejuni populations even when laboratory and sampling methods are not identical.
Collapse
|
219
|
Discriminative power of Campylobacter phenotypic and genotypic typing methods. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 125:33-9. [PMID: 26996762 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare different typing methods, individually and combined, for use in the monitoring of Campylobacter in food. Campylobacter jejuni (n=94) and Campylobacter coli (n=52) isolated from different broiler meat carcasses were characterized using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), flagellin gene A restriction fragment length polymorphism typing (flaA-RFLP), antimicrobial resistance profiling (AMRp), the presence/absence of 5 putative virulence genes; and, exclusively for C. jejuni, the determination of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) class. Discriminatory power was calculated by the Simpson's index of diversity (SID) and the congruence was measured by the adjusted Rand index and adjusted Wallace coefficient. MLST was individually the most discriminative typing method for both C. jejuni (SID=0.981) and C. coli (SID=0.957). The most discriminative combination with a SID of 0.992 for both C. jejuni and C. coli was obtained by combining MLST with flaA-RFLP. The combination of MLST with flaA-RFLP is an easy and feasible typing method for short-term monitoring of Campylobacter in broiler meat carcass.
Collapse
|
220
|
Genetic Similarity Using MLST Amongst Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Children with Diarrhea Symptoms and Broilers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-016-0720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
221
|
Koolman L, Whyte P, Burgess C, Bolton D. Virulence gene expression, adhesion and invasion of Campylobacter jejuni exposed to oxidative stress (H2O2). Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 220:33-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
222
|
Molecular Characterization, Antimicrobial Resistance and Caco-2 Cell Invasion Potential of Campylobacter jejuni/coli from Young Children with Diarrhea. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2016; 35:330-4. [PMID: 26627197 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000001016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Young children represent a particular age group affected by Campylobacter infection because of their limited diets and weak immune systems. METHODS In this study, a total of 110 Campylobacter (80 Campylobacter jejuni and 30 Campylobacter coli) isolated from children younger than 5 years of age with diarrhea in Shanghai, China in 2011 were examined for their genetic relationship and antimicrobial susceptibility. The presence of virulence genes and its association with invasion potential in Caco-2 cell were also determined. RESULTS Multilocus sequence typing revealed 62 sequence types (STs) under 14 clonal complexes from C. jejuni and 15 STs under 2 clonal complexes from C. coli. High resistance rates among the 110 isolates were observed to nalidixic acid (88.2%), ciprofloxacin (87.3%) and tetracycline (87.3%), followed by ampicillin (30.9%), gentamicin (28.2%), clindamycin (21.8%), erythromycin (21.8%) and chloramphenicol (8.2%). Compared with that of C. jejuni (32.5%), a larger proportion of C. coli (83.3%) were resistant to multiple antimicrobials, including 16 isolates of ST-828 complex resistant to 6 antimicrobials: ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline. Furthermore, 57 Campylobacter isolates were selected based on their distinct STs and the presence of virulence genes to determine their abilities to adhere to and invade Caco-2 cells. The level of invasion varied widely among isolates and had relatively weak correlation with the genotype data. CONCLUSION Our findings provided baseline data on Campylobacter among young children. Active surveillance of Campylobacter is needed to better understand the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance trends of this significant pathogen to help control and protect young children from such infections.
Collapse
|
223
|
Distribution and Genetic Profiles of Campylobacter in Commercial Broiler Production from Breeder to Slaughter in Thailand. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149585. [PMID: 26886590 PMCID: PMC4757449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry and poultry products are commonly considered as the major vehicle of Campylobacter infection in humans worldwide. To reduce the number of human cases, the epidemiology of Campylobacter in poultry must be better understood. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the distribution and genetic relatedness of Campylobacter in the Thai chicken production industry. During June to October 2012, entire broiler production processes (i.e., breeder flock, hatchery, broiler farm and slaughterhouse) of five broiler production chains were investigated chronologically. Representative isolates of C. jejuni from each production stage were characterized by flaA SVR sequencing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Amongst 311 selected isolates, 29 flaA SVR alleles and 17 sequence types (STs) were identified. The common clonal complexes (CCs) found in this study were CC-45, CC-353, CC-354 and CC-574. C. jejuni isolated from breeders were distantly related to those isolated from broilers and chicken carcasses, while C. jejuni isolates from the slaughterhouse environment and meat products were similar to those isolated from broiler flocks. Genotypic identification of C. jejuni in slaughterhouses indicated that broilers were the main source of Campylobacter contamination of chicken meat during processing. To effectively reduce Campylobacter in poultry meat products, control and prevention strategies should be aimed at both farm and slaughterhouse levels.
Collapse
|
224
|
Mossong J, Mughini-Gras L, Penny C, Devaux A, Olinger C, Losch S, Cauchie HM, van Pelt W, Ragimbeau C. Human Campylobacteriosis in Luxembourg, 2010-2013: A Case-Control Study Combined with Multilocus Sequence Typing for Source Attribution and Risk Factor Analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20939. [PMID: 26860258 PMCID: PMC4748240 DOI: 10.1038/srep20939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis has increased markedly in Luxembourg during recent years. We sought to determine which Campylobacter genotypes infect humans, where they may originate from, and how they may infect humans. Multilocus sequence typing was performed on 1153 Campylobacter jejuni and 136 C. coli human strains to be attributed to three putative animal reservoirs (poultry, ruminants, pigs) and to environmental water using the asymmetric island model. A nationwide case-control study (2010-2013) for domestic campylobacteriosis was also conducted, including 367 C. jejuni and 48 C. coli cases, and 624 controls. Risk factors were investigated by Campylobacter species, and for strains attributed to different sources using a combined case-control and source attribution analysis. 282 sequence types (STs) were identified: ST-21, ST-48, ST-572, ST-50 and ST-257 were prevailing. Most cases were attributed to poultry (61.2%) and ruminants (33.3%). Consuming chicken outside the home was the dominant risk factor for both Campylobacter species. Newly identified risk factors included contact with garden soil for either species, and consuming beef specifically for C. coli. Poultry-associated campylobacteriosis was linked to poultry consumption in wintertime, and ruminant-associated campylobacteriosis to tap-water provider type. Besides confirming chicken as campylobacteriosis primary source, additional evidence was found for other reservoirs and transmission routes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joël Mossong
- National Health Laboratory (LNS), Surveillance and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, 1 rue Louis Rech, Dudelange L-3555, Luxembourg
| | - Lapo Mughini-Gras
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb). PO Box 1 - 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Yalelaan 1, De Uithof - 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Penny
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Anthony Devaux
- National Health Laboratory (LNS), Surveillance and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, 1 rue Louis Rech, Dudelange L-3555, Luxembourg
| | - Christophe Olinger
- National Health Laboratory (LNS), Surveillance and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, 1 rue Louis Rech, Dudelange L-3555, Luxembourg
| | - Serge Losch
- Veterinary Services Administration, Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, 54 av. Gaston Diderich, L-1420 Luxembourg
| | - Henry-Michel Cauchie
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Wilfrid van Pelt
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb). PO Box 1 - 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Ragimbeau
- National Health Laboratory (LNS), Surveillance and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, 1 rue Louis Rech, Dudelange L-3555, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
225
|
Klein-Jöbstl D, Sofka D, Iwersen M, Drillich M, Hilbert F. Multilocus Sequence Typing and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter jejuni Isolated from Dairy Calves in Austria. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:72. [PMID: 26870027 PMCID: PMC4737881 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human campylobacteriosis is primarily associated with poultry but also cattle. In this study, 55 Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from 382 dairy calves’ feces were differentiated by multilocus sequence typing and tested for antimicrobial resistance. The most prevalent sequence type (ST) was ST883 (20.0%), followed by ST48 (14.5%), and ST50 (9.1%). In contrast to ST48 and ST50, ST883 has rarely been described in cattle previously. Furthermore, risk factor analysis was performed for the presence of the most prevalent STs in these calves. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the type of farm (organic vs. conventional) and calf housing (place, and individual vs. group) were identified as significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the presence of ST883 in calves, and ST50 was associated with calf diarrhea. Antimicrobial resistance was detected in 58.2% of the isolates. Most of the resistant isolates (81.3%) were resistant to more than one antimicrobial. Most frequently, resistance to ciprofloxacin (49.1%), followed by nalidixic acid (42.8%), and tetracycline (14.5%) was observed. The results of the present study support the hypothesis that dairy calves may serve as a potential reservoir for C. jejuni and pose a risk for transmission, including antimicrobial resistant isolates to the environment and to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Klein-Jöbstl
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Dmitri Sofka
- Institute of Meat Hygiene, Meat Technology and Food Science, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Iwersen
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Marc Drillich
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Friederike Hilbert
- Institute of Meat Hygiene, Meat Technology and Food Science, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
Thieme S, Mühldorfer K, Lüschow D, Hafez HM. Molecular Characterization of the Recently Emerged Poultry Pathogen Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale by Multilocus Sequence Typing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148158. [PMID: 26829551 PMCID: PMC4734695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is an economically important bacterial pathogen of turkeys and chickens worldwide. Since its first detection, a variety of typing methods have been used to gain basic knowledge about the bacterial population structure, an issue that still needs to be addressed. Serological characterization revealed at least 18 different serotypes (A-R) with ORT of serotype A to be predominate among poultry. This study aimed to establish a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for ORT that could easily be used by other laboratories and allows for worldwide comparison of sequence data. For this purpose, 87 ORT strains from different poultry hosts, geographical origins, years of isolation and serotypes were included in the analysis to identify correlations. Fourteen different sequence types (ST) were found. The most common ST1 was identified in 40 ORT strains from turkeys and chickens on 4 continents and in 3 different European countries. Together with ST9, both STs represented over three quarters (77%) of ORT strains used in the MLST analysis and included strains of frequently cross-reacting ORT serotypes A, E and I. Nine STs were only represented by one ORT strain and might indicate possible avian host, disease or serotype-specific relationships. In contrast, discrepancies between serotype and phylogenetic relatedness were clearly demonstrated by ORT strains that belonged to identical serotypes but differed in their ST. The overall identified low genetic diversity among strains isolated from turkeys and chickens independent of host and geographical origins suggests that ORT has only recently been introduced into domestic poultry and dispersed worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susann Thieme
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Kristin Mühldorfer
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dörte Lüschow
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hafez M. Hafez
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
227
|
Manfreda G, Parisi A, De Cesare A, Mion D, Piva S, Zanoni RG. Typing of Campylobacter jejuni Isolated from Turkey by Genotypic Methods, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Virulence Gene Patterns: A Retrospective Study. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 13:93-100. [PMID: 26693797 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this retrospective study, typing ability, discriminatory power, and concordance between typing results obtained on 123 Campylobacter jejuni turkey isolates, collected in 1998, within 14 different farms, applying multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), antibiotic resistance profile, and virulence gene pattern, were assessed and compared. Overall, 33 sequence types, 28 pulsotypes, 10 resistotypes, and 5 pathotypes were identified. MLST and PFGE showed the better discriminatory ability (i.e., Simpson's diversity index >0.90) as well as unidirectional (i.e., Wallace and adjusted Wallace coefficients >0.86) and bidirectional (i.e., adjusted Rand coefficient >0.60) concordance. Moreover, both methods showed a good unidirectional and bidirectional concordance with the resistotype. On the contrary, the congruence of both genotyping methods and resistotype with the pathotype seemed due to chance alone. A clonal relationship was identified among 66.7% of the isolates. Furthermore, 59.7% of the investigated isolates were resistant to two or more antimicrobials and 92% to tetracycline. All the isolates harbored cadF and pldA genes, whereas a flaA gene product and a cdtB gene product were amplified from 85.4% and 79.7% of the isolates, respectively, using the primers designed by Bang et al. (2003). The results of this study clarify the level of genetic diversity among the C. jejuni originating from turkeys. MLST level of correlation with PFGE, resistotype, and pathotype is assessed. This result supports the selection of type and number of typing methods to use in epidemiological studies. Finally, the identification of clonal complexes (i.e., groups of profiles differing by no more than one gene from at least one other profile of the group using the entire Campylobacter MLST database) shared between turkey and human isolates suggests that turkeys could be a possible source of Campylobacter infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Manfreda
- 1 Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna , Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Antonio Parisi
- 2 Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata , Foggia, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Cesare
- 1 Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna , Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Domenico Mion
- 3 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna , Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Silvia Piva
- 3 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna , Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Renato G Zanoni
- 3 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna , Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Zautner AE, Goldschmidt AM, Thürmer A, Schuldes J, Bader O, Lugert R, Groß U, Stingl K, Salinas G, Lingner T. SMRT sequencing of the Campylobacter coli BfR-CA-9557 genome sequence reveals unique methylation motifs. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:1088. [PMID: 26689587 PMCID: PMC4687069 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter species are the most prevalent bacterial pathogen causing acute enteritis worldwide. In contrast to Campylobacter jejuni, about 5 % of Campylobacter coli strains exhibit susceptibility to restriction endonuclease digestion by DpnI cutting specifically 5'-G(m)ATC-3' motifs. This indicates significant differences in DNA methylation between both microbial species. The goal of the study was to analyze the methylome of a C. coli strain susceptible to DpnI digestion, to identify its methylation motifs and restriction modification systems (RM-systems), and compare them to related organisms like C. jejuni and Helicobacter pylori. RESULTS Using one SMRT cell and the PacBio RS sequencing technology followed by PacBio Modification and Motif Analysis the complete genome of the DpnI susceptible strain C. coli BfR-CA-9557 was sequenced to 500-fold coverage and assembled into a single contig of 1.7 Mbp. The genome contains a CJIE1-like element prophage and is phylogenetically closer to C. coli clade 1 isolates than clade 3. 45,881 6-methylated adenines (ca. 2.7 % of genome positions) that are predominantly arranged in eight different methylation motifs and 1,788 4-methylated cytosines (ca. 0.1 %) have been detected. Only two of these motifs correspond to known restriction modification motifs. Characteristic for this methylome was the very high fraction of methylation of motifs with mostly above 99 %. CONCLUSIONS Only five dominant methylation motifs have been identified in C. jejuni, which have been associated with known RM-systems. C. coli BFR-CA-9557 shares one (RAATTY) of these, but four ORFs could be assigned to putative Type I RM-systems, seven ORFs to Type II RM-systems and three ORFs to Type IV RM-systems. In accordance with DpnI prescreening RM-system IIP, methylation of GATC motifs was detected in C. coli BfR-CA-9557. A homologous IIP RM-system has been described for H. pylori. The remaining methylation motifs are specific for C. coli BfR-CA-9557 and have been neither detected in C. jejuni nor in H. pylori. The results of this study give us new insights into epigenetics of Campylobacteraceae and provide the groundwork to resolve the function of RM-systems in C. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas E Zautner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 57, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Anne-Marie Goldschmidt
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 57, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Thürmer
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Schuldes
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Bader
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 57, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Raimond Lugert
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 57, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Groß
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 57, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Stingl
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Biological Safety - National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, D-12277, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- Microarray and Deep-Sequencing Core Facility, University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Lingner
- Microarray and Deep-Sequencing Core Facility, University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
229
|
Griekspoor P, Hansbro PM, Waldenström J, Olsen B. Campylobacter jejuni sequence types show remarkable spatial and temporal stability in Blackbirds. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2015; 5:28383. [PMID: 26634844 PMCID: PMC4669312 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v5.28383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The zoonotic bacterium Campylobacter jejuni has a broad host range but is especially associated with birds, both domestic and wild. Earlier studies have indicated thrushes of the genus Turdus in Europe to be frequently colonized with C. jejuni, and predominately with host-associated specific genotypes. The European Blackbird Turdus merula has a large distribution in Europe, including some oceanic islands, and was also introduced to Australia by European immigrants in the 1850s. Methods The host specificity and temporal stability of European Blackbird C. jejuni was investigated with multilocus sequence typing in a set of isolates collected from Sweden, Australia, and The Azores. Results Remarkably, we found that the Swedish, Australian, and Azorean isolates were genetically highly similar, despite extensive spatial and temporal isolation. This indicates adaptation, exquisite specificity, and stability in time for European Blackbirds, which is in sharp contrast with the high levels of recombination and mutation found in poultry-related C. jejuni genotypes. Conclusion The maintenance of host-specific signals in spatially and temporally separated C. jejuni populations suggests the existence of strong purifying selection for this bacterium in European Blackbirds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Griekspoor
- Section for Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology, Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden;
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jonas Waldenström
- Section for Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology, Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.,Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Olsen
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Zoonosis Science Center, IMBIM, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
230
|
Skarp CPA, Akinrinade O, Nilsson AJE, Ellström P, Myllykangas S, Rautelin H. Comparative genomics and genome biology of invasive Campylobacter jejuni. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17300. [PMID: 26603914 PMCID: PMC4658567 DOI: 10.1038/srep17300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major pathogen in bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and can cause bacteremia in severe cases. C. jejuni is highly structured into clonal lineages of which the ST677CC lineage has been overrepresented among C. jejuni isolates derived from blood. In this study, we characterized the genomes of 31 C. jejuni blood isolates and 24 faecal isolates belonging to ST677CC in order to study the genome biology related to C. jejuni invasiveness. We combined the genome analyses with phenotypical evidence on serum resistance which was associated with phase variation of wcbK; a GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase involved in capsular biosynthesis. We also describe the finding of a Type III restriction-modification system unique to the ST-794 sublineage. However, features previously considered to be related to pathogenesis of C. jejuni were either absent or disrupted among our strains. Our results refine the role of capsule features associated with invasive disease and accentuate the possibility of methylation and restriction enzymes in the potential of C. jejuni to establish invasive infections. Our findings underline the importance of studying clinically relevant well-characterized bacterial strains in order to understand pathogenesis mechanisms important in human infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. P. A. Skarp
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala
University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - O. Akinrinade
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki,
Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki,
Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. J. E. Nilsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala
University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P. Ellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala
University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S. Myllykangas
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki,
Helsinki, Finland
| | - H. Rautelin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala
University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of
Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
231
|
Rodrigues RC, Pocheron AL, Hernould M, Haddad N, Tresse O, Cappelier JM. Description of Campylobacter jejuni Bf, an atypical aero-tolerant strain. Gut Pathog 2015; 7:30. [PMID: 26594244 PMCID: PMC4653858 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-015-0077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial enteritis worldwide. This microaerophilic bacterium can survive in aerobic environments, suggesting it has protective mechanisms against oxidative stress. The clinical C. jejuni Bf strain is characterized by an increased resistance to oxygen. This study aimed to characterize the behavior of the clinical C. jejuni Bf strain under an aerobic atmosphere and in response to ROS-promoter agents. METHODS Growth was studied in both aerobic and microaerobic conditions using classic cultivable methods. Electronic microscopy and mreB gene expression were used to evaluate the morphology of this strain under aerobic conditions. The survival under oxidative stress was tested in the presence of different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and paraquat (PQ). RESULTS The results showed that C. jejuni Bf strain can grow aerobically, unlike other strains of C. jejuni tested. Cells of C. jejuni Bf exposed to oxidative stress presented changes in morphology and the gene mreB, responsible for maintaining the bacillary cell morphology, was down-expressed. In aerobically acclimated conditions, C. jejuni Bf exhibited a higher survival rate of 52 % in the presence of H2O2 (1 mM) compared to the reference strain NCTC 11168. Concentrations above 1 mM PQ were lethal for the reference strain but not for C. jejuni Bf. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data highlight the resistance to oxidative stress conditions of C. jejuni Bf, indicating that this microorganism seems more adapted to survival in hostile environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramila Cristiane Rodrigues
- />ONIRIS National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Route de Gachet - La Chantrerie, BP 40706, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France
- />Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Rue de la Geraudière, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Anne-Lise Pocheron
- />ONIRIS National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Route de Gachet - La Chantrerie, BP 40706, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France
- />Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Rue de la Geraudière, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Mathieu Hernould
- />ONIRIS National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Route de Gachet - La Chantrerie, BP 40706, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France
- />Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Rue de la Geraudière, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Nabila Haddad
- />ONIRIS National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Route de Gachet - La Chantrerie, BP 40706, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France
- />Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Rue de la Geraudière, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Odile Tresse
- />ONIRIS National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Route de Gachet - La Chantrerie, BP 40706, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France
- />Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Rue de la Geraudière, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Michel Cappelier
- />ONIRIS National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Route de Gachet - La Chantrerie, BP 40706, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France
- />Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Rue de la Geraudière, 44000 Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
232
|
Zeng D, Zhang X, Xue F, Wang Y, Jiang L, Jiang Y. Phenotypic Characters and Molecular Epidemiology of Campylobacter Jejuni in East China. J Food Sci 2015; 81:M106-13. [PMID: 26565657 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the distribution, phenotypic and molecular typing characters of Campylobacter jejuni in domestic fowl, and livestock populations in East China, to provide some reference for researches on its molecular epidemiology. A total of 1250 samples were collected from different animal sources, and C. jejuni strains were then isolated and tested for antibiotic sensitivity. Antibiotics-resistance gene and pathogenic genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Phylogenic analysis on the C. jejuni strains was performed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method. The results showed that 108 out of the 1250 samples (mean 8.64%) were C. jejuni positive. These 108 C. jejuni strains were highly sensitive to antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, amikacin, cefotaxime, and azithromycin, whereas they were highly resistant to antibiotics such as cefoperazone, cotrimoxazole, cefamandole, sulfamethoxazole, and cefradine. Pathogenicity related gene identification indicated that the mean carrying rate of adhesion related gene cadF and racR, flagellin gene flaA, toxin regulating gene cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, wlaN and virB11, heat shock proteins and transferring proteins related genes dnaJ and ceuE, CiaB and pldA were 92.45%, 38.69%, 73.58%, 71.70%, 52.83%, 96.23%, 12.26%, 1.89%, 0.94%, 65.09%, 39.62% and 9.43%, respectively. A total of 58.82% of these strains contained more than 6 pathogenicity-related genes. MLST typed 58 ST types from the 108 isolated C. jejuni strains, including 24 new types, and ST-21 was the major type, accounting for 39.3% of the total strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Zeng
- APFIC Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Nanjing, 210001, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Beijing Kemufeng Biopharmaceutical Co, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Feng Xue
- APFIC Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Nanjing, 210001, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Author Wang is with College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou Univ, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Luyan Jiang
- APFIC Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Nanjing, 210001, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- APFIC Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Nanjing, 210001, China
| |
Collapse
|
233
|
Kashoma IP, Kassem II, Kumar A, Kessy BM, Gebreyes W, Kazwala RR, Rajashekara G. Antimicrobial Resistance and Genotypic Diversity of Campylobacter Isolated from Pigs, Dairy, and Beef Cattle in Tanzania. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1240. [PMID: 26617582 PMCID: PMC4641918 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne Campylobacter infections pose a serious threat to public health worldwide. However, the occurrence and characteristics of Campylobacter in food animals and products remain largely unknown in Tanzania. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and genetic profiles (sequence types, STs) of Campylobacter isolated from feces of pigs and dairy and beef cattle in Tanzania. Overall, 259 (~30%) of 864 samples were positive for Campylobacter spp, which were detected in 32.5, 35.4, and 19.6% of the pig, dairy, and beef cattle samples, respectively. Multiplex PCR analysis identified 64.5 and 29.3% of the Campylobacter isolates as C. coli and C. jejuni, respectively. The majority (91.9%) of the isolates from pig samples were identified as C. coli, while C. jejuni accounted for 65.5% of the isolates from cattle. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disk diffusion assay and the broth microdilution method revealed resistance to: ampicillin (Amp) (70.3% and 75.7%, respectively), gentamicin (Gen) (1.8% and 12.6%), streptomycin (Str) (65.8 and 74.8%), erythromycin (Ery) (41.4 and 48.7%), tetracycline (Tet) (18.9 and 23.4%), and ciprofloxacin (Cip) (14.4 and 7.2%). Resistance to nalidixic acid (Nal) (39.6%), azithromycin (Azm) (13.5%), and chloramphenicol (Chl) (4.5%) was determined using the disk diffusion assay only, while resistance to tylosin (Tyl) (38.7%) was quantified using the broth microdilution method. Multilocus sequence typing of 111 Campylobacter isolates resulted in the identification of 48 STs (26 C. jejuni and 22 C. coli) of which seven were novel (six C. jejuni and one C. coli). Taken together, this study revealed the high prevalence, genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter in important food animals in Tanzania, which highlights the urgent need for the surveillance and control of Campylobacter in this country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac P. Kashoma
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State UniversityWooster, OH, USA
- VPH-Biotec Global Consortium
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoro, Tanzania
| | - Issmat I. Kassem
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State UniversityWooster, OH, USA
| | - Anand Kumar
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State UniversityWooster, OH, USA
| | - Beda M. Kessy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoro, Tanzania
| | - Wondwossen Gebreyes
- VPH-Biotec Global Consortium
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA
| | - Rudovick R. Kazwala
- VPH-Biotec Global Consortium
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoro, Tanzania
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State UniversityWooster, OH, USA
- VPH-Biotec Global Consortium
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
Oh E, McMullen L, Jeon B. High Prevalence of Hyper-Aerotolerant Campylobacter jejuni in Retail Poultry with Potential Implication in Human Infection. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1263. [PMID: 26617597 PMCID: PMC4641907 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses around the world. Since C. jejuni is microaerophilic and sensitive to oxygen, aerotolerance is important in the transmission of C. jejuni to humans via foods under aerobic conditions. In this study, 70 C. jejuni strains were isolated from retail raw chicken meats and were subject to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis. In the aerotolerance testing by aerobic shaking at 200 rpm, 50 (71.4%) isolates survived after 12 h (i.e., aerotolerant), whereas 20 (28.6%) isolates did not (i.e., aerosensitive). Interestingly, further aerobic cultivation showed that 25 (35.7%) isolates still survived even after 24 h of vigorous aerobic shaking (i.e., hyper-aerotolerant). Compared to aerosensitive strains, the hyper-aerotolerant strains exhibited increased resistance to oxidative stress, both peroxide and superoxide. A mutation of ahpC in hyper-aerotolerant strains significantly impaired aerotolerance, indicating oxidative stress defense plays an important role in hyper-aerotolerance. The aerotolerant and hyper-aerotolerant strains were primarily classified into MLST clonal complexes (CCs)-21 and -45, which are known to be the major CCs implicated in human gastroenteritis. Compared to the aerosensitive strains, CC-21 was more dominant than CC-45 in aerotolerant and hyper-aerotolerant strains. The findings in this study revealed that hyper-aerotolerant C. jejuni is highly prevalent in raw chicken meats. The enhanced aerotolerance in C. jejuni would impact human infection by increasing possibilities of the foodborne transmission of C. jejuni under aerobic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Euna Oh
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lynn McMullen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
235
|
Muhamadali H, Weaver D, Subaihi A, AlMasoud N, Trivedi DK, Ellis DI, Linton D, Goodacre R. Chicken, beams, and Campylobacter: rapid differentiation of foodborne bacteria via vibrational spectroscopy and MALDI-mass spectrometry. Analyst 2015; 141:111-22. [PMID: 26523729 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01945a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter species are one of the main causes of food poisoning worldwide. Despite the availability of established culturing and molecular techniques, due to the fastidious nature of these microorganisms, simultaneous detection and species differentiation still remains challenging. This study focused on the differentiation of eleven Campylobacter strains from six species, using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies, together with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), as physicochemical approaches for generating biochemical fingerprints. Cluster analysis of data from each of the three analytical approaches provided clear differentiation of each Campylobacter species, which was generally in agreement with a phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Notably, although C. fetus subspecies fetus and venerealis are phylogenetically very closely related, using FT-IR and MALDI-TOF-MS data these subspecies were readily differentiated based on differences in the lipid (2920 and 2851 cm(-1)) and fingerprint regions (1500-500 cm(-1)) of the FT-IR spectra, and the 500-2000 m/z region of the MALDI-TOF-MS data. A finding that was further investigated with targeted lipidomics using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Our results demonstrate that such metabolomics approaches combined with molecular biology techniques may provide critical information and knowledge related to the risk factors, virulence, and understanding of the distribution and transmission routes associated with different strains of foodborne Campylobacter spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Howbeer Muhamadali
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
236
|
Kovač J, Čadež N, Stessl B, Stingl K, Gruntar I, Ocepek M, Trkov M, Wagner M, Smole Možina S. High genetic similarity of ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter jejuni in central Europe. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1169. [PMID: 26557112 PMCID: PMC4615952 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is the leading zoonosis in the European Union with the majority of cases attributed to Campylobacter jejuni. Although the disease is usually self-limiting, some severe cases need to be treated with antibiotics, primarily macrolides and quinolones. However, the resistance to the latter is reaching alarming levels in most of the EU countries. To shed light on the expansion of antibiotic resistance in central Europe, we have investigated genetic similarity across 178 ciprofloxacin-resistant C. jejuni mostly isolated in Slovenia, Austria and Germany. We performed comparative genetic similarity analyses using allelic types of seven multilocus sequence typing housekeeping genes, and single nucleotide polymorphisms of a quinolone resistance determining region located within the DNA gyrase subunit A gene. This analysis revealed high genetic similarity of isolates from clonal complex ST-21 that carry gyrA allelic type 1 in all three of these central-European countries, suggesting these ciprofloxacin resistant isolates arose from a recent common ancestor and are spread clonally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Kovač
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neža Čadež
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Beatrix Stessl
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, University of Veterinary MedicineVienna, Austria
| | - Kerstin Stingl
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk AssessmentBerlin, Germany
| | - Igor Gruntar
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Ocepek
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marija Trkov
- Department for Public Health Microbiology Ljubljana, Centre for Medical Microbiology, National Laboratory of Health, Environment and FoodLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, University of Veterinary MedicineVienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
237
|
Pascoe B, Méric G, Murray S, Yahara K, Mageiros L, Bowen R, Jones NH, Jeeves RE, Lappin-Scott HM, Asakura H, Sheppard SK. Enhanced biofilm formation and multi-host transmission evolve from divergent genetic backgrounds in Campylobacter jejuni. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:4779-89. [PMID: 26373338 PMCID: PMC4862030 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular biofilms are an ancient bacterial adaptation that offers a protective environment for survival in hostile habitats. In microaerophilic organisms such as Campylobacter, biofilms play a key role in transmission to humans as the bacteria are exposed to atmospheric oxygen concentrations when leaving the reservoir host gut. Genetic determinants of biofilm formation differ between species, but little is known about how strains of the same species achieve the biofilm phenotype with different genetic backgrounds. Our approach combines genome‐wide association studies with traditional microbiology techniques to investigate the genetic basis of biofilm formation in 102 Campylobacter jejuni isolates. We quantified biofilm formation among the isolates and identified hotspots of genetic variation in homologous sequences that correspond to variation in biofilm phenotypes. Thirteen genes demonstrated a statistically robust association including those involved in adhesion, motility, glycosylation, capsule production and oxidative stress. The genes associated with biofilm formation were different in the host generalist ST‐21 and ST‐45 clonal complexes, which are frequently isolated from multiple host species and clinical samples. This suggests the evolution of enhanced biofilm from different genetic backgrounds and a possible role in colonization of multiple hosts and transmission to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Pascoe
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,MRC CLIMB Consortium, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Guillaume Méric
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Susan Murray
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Koji Yahara
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Leonardos Mageiros
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Ryan Bowen
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Nathan H Jones
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Rose E Jeeves
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Hiroshi Asakura
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,MRC CLIMB Consortium, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
238
|
Differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Using Multiplex-PCR and High Resolution Melt Curve Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138808. [PMID: 26394042 PMCID: PMC4578860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are important causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans in developed countries. Among Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and C. coli are the most common causes of human infection. In this study, a multiplex PCR (mPCR) and high resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis were optimized for simultaneous detection and differentiation of C. jejuni and C. coli isolates. A segment of the hippuricase gene (hipO) of C. jejuni and putative aspartokinase (asp) gene of C. coli were amplified from 26 Campylobacter isolates and amplicons were subjected to HRM curve analysis. The mPCR-HRM was able to differentiate between C. jejuni and C. coli species. All DNA amplicons generated by mPCR were sequenced. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences from each isolate revealed that the HRM curves were correlated with the nucleotide sequences of the amplicons. Minor variation in melting point temperatures of C. coli or C. jejuni isolates was also observed and enabled some intraspecies differentiation between C. coli and/or C. jejuni isolates. The potential of PCR-HRM curve analysis for the detection and speciation of Campylobacter in additional human clinical specimens and chicken swab samples was also confirmed. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were found to be 100% and 92%, respectively. The results indicated that mPCR followed by HRM curve analysis provides a rapid (8 hours) technique for differentiation between C. jejuni and C. coli isolates.
Collapse
|
239
|
Seasonality ofCampylobacter jejuniisolates associated with human campylobacteriosis in the Manawatu region, New Zealand. Epidemiol Infect 2015; 144:820-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268815002009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYA 9-year time-series of genotyped human campylobacteriosis cases from the Manawatu region of New Zealand was used to investigate strain-type seasonality. The data were collected from 2005 to 2013 and the samples were multi-locus sequence-typed (MLST). The four most prevalent clonal complexes (CCs), consisting of 1215 isolates, were CC48, CC21, CC45 and CC61. Seasonal decomposition and Poisson regression with autocorrelated errors, were used to display and test for seasonality of the most prevalent CCs. Of the four examined CCs, only CC45 showed a marked seasonal (summer) peak. The association of CC45 with summer peaks has been observed in other temperate countries, but has previously not been identified in New Zealand. This is the first in-depth study over a long time period employing MLST data to examine strain-type-associated seasonal patterns ofC. jejuniinfection in New Zealand.
Collapse
|
240
|
Zautner AE, Masanta WO, Weig M, Groß U, Bader O. Mass Spectrometry-based PhyloProteomics (MSPP): A novel microbial typing Method. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13431. [PMID: 26303099 PMCID: PMC4548220 DOI: 10.1038/srep13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MALDI-TOF-MS of microorganisms, which identifies microbes based on masses of high abundant low molecular weight proteins, is rapidly advancing to become another standard method in clinical routine laboratory diagnostics. Allelic isoforms of these proteins result in varying masses of detectable biomarker ions. These variations give rise to a novel typing method for microorganisms named mass spectrometry-based phyloproteomics (MSPP). The base of MSPP is an amino acid sequence list of allelic isoforms caused by non-synonymous mutations in biomarker genes, which were detectable as mass shifts in an overlay of calibrated MALDI-TOF spectra. Thus, for each isolate a combination of amino acid sequences can be deduced from the scheme of recordable biomarker masses. Performing comparably to laborious multilocus and whole genome sequence typing (wgMLST)-approaches it is feasible to build phyloproteomic dendrograms using hierarchical cluster analysis. MSPP bears a high potential especially for identification of chromosomal localised virulence or antimicrobial resistance factors associated with evolutionary relatedness. In this study the principle of MSPP-typing was demonstrated on a Campylobacter jejuni ssp. jejuni isolate collection and MSPP was compared to MLST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Erich Zautner
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wycliffe Omurwa Masanta
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Weig
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Groß
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Bader
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
241
|
Development of Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis for Molecular Subtyping of Campylobacter jejuni by Using Capillary Electrophoresis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:5318-25. [PMID: 26025899 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01151-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of the frequently reported food-borne diseases in developed and developing nations. This study describes the development of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) using capillary electrophoresis as a novel typing method for microbial source tracking and epidemiological investigation of C. jejuni. Among 36 tandem repeat loci detected by the Tandem Repeat Finder program, 7 VNTR loci were selected and used for characterizing 60 isolates recovered from chicken meat samples from retail shops, samples from chicken meat processing factory, and stool samples. The discrimination ability of MLVA was compared with that of multilocus sequence typing (MLST). MLVA (diversity index of 0.97 with 31 MLVA types) provided slightly higher discrimination than MLST (diversity index of 0.95 with 25 MLST types). The overall concordance between MLVA and MLST was estimated at 63% by adjusted Rand coefficient. MLVA predicted MLST type better than MLST predicted MLVA type, as reflected by Wallace coefficient (Wallace coefficient for MLVA to MLST versus MLST to MLVA, 86% versus 51%). MLVA is a useful tool and can be used for effective monitoring of C. jejuni and investigation of epidemics caused by C. jejuni.
Collapse
|
242
|
Olkkola S, Kovanen S, Roine J, Hänninen ML, Hielm-Björkman A, Kivistö R. Population Genetics and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Canine Campylobacter Isolates Collected before and after a Raw Feeding Experiment. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132660. [PMID: 26172151 PMCID: PMC4501809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing numbers of consumers have become interested in feeding raw food for their pet dogs as opposed to commercial dry food, in the belief of health advantages. However, raw meat and internal organs, possibly contaminated by pathogens such as Campylobacter spp., may pose a risk of transmission of zoonoses to the pet owners. Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans but C. upsaliensis has also been associated with human disease. In this study we investigated the effect of different feeding strategies on the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in Finnish dogs. We further characterized the isolates using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), whole-genome (wg) MLST and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Dogs were sampled before and after a feeding period consisting of commercial raw feed or dry pellet feed. Altogether 56% (20/36) of the dogs yielded at least one Campylobacter-positive fecal sample. C. upsaliensis was the major species detected from 39% of the dogs before and 30% after the feeding period. Two C. jejuni isolates were recovered, both from raw-fed dogs after the dietary regimen. The isolates represented the same genotype (ST-1326), suggesting a common infection source. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between the feeding strategies and Campylobacter spp. carriage. The global genealogy of MLST types of dog and human C. upsaliensis isolates revealed weakly clonal population structure as most STs were widely dispersed. Major antimicrobial resistance among C. upsaliensis isolates was against streptomycin (STR MIC > 4 mg/l). Apart from that, all isolates were highly susceptible against the antimicrobials tested. Mutations were found in the genes rpsL or rpsL and rsmG in streptomycin resistant isolates. In conclusion, increasing trend to feed dogs with raw meat warrants more studies to evaluate the risk associated with raw feeding of pets in transmission of zoonoses to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satu Olkkola
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Kovanen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Roine
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Hänninen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Hielm-Björkman
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rauni Kivistö
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
243
|
Cha I, Kim NO, Nam JG, Choi ES, Chung GT, Kang YH, Hong S. Genetic diversity of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from Korea and travel-associated cases from east and southeast Asian countries. Jpn J Infect Dis 2015; 67:490-4. [PMID: 25410568 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.67.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Forty domestic and travel-associated Campylobacter jejuni isolates were analyzed by profiling 7 pathogenic genes (cdtB, cadF, Cj0131, ciaB, racR, wlaN, and virB11) along with multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. cdtB, cadF, and Cj0131 were present in all isolates, whereas virB11 was not detected in either domestic or travel-associated isolates. ciaB was present in all domestic isolates and 94% of travel-associated isolates. The respective detection rates of racR and wlaN in domestic and travel-associated isolates were 94% and 71% and 35.3% and 23%, respectively. MLST analyses of the 40 isolates generated 25 different sequence types (STs). ST-443 (12 isolates) and ST-21 (8 isolates) were dominant among the domestic isolates; however, STs varied among travel-associated isolates. Nalidixic acid, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin resistance rates of the 40 isolates were 100% (40/40), 95% (38/40), and 88% (35/40), respectively. Domestic isolates exhibited 2-fold higher ciprofloxacin, telithromycin, and chloramphenicol resistance rates than travel-associated isolates. These results indicate a diverse genetic background for travel-associated C. jejuni and suggest that this pathogen may be an important emerging public health threat to travelers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Injun Cha
- Division of Enteric Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
244
|
Zhang G, Zhang X, Hu Y, Jiao XA, Huang J. Multilocus Sequence Types of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Different Sources in Eastern China. Curr Microbiol 2015; 71:341-6. [PMID: 26100240 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major food-borne pathogen that causes human gastroenteritis in many developed countries. In our study, we applied multilocus sequence typing (MLST) technology to 167 C. jejuni isolates from diverse sources in Eastern China to examine their genetic diversity. MLST defined 94 sequence types (STs) belonging to 18 clonal complexes (CCs). Forty-five STs from 60 isolates (36%) and 22 alleles have not been previously documented in an international database. One hundred and two isolates, accounting for 61.1% of all isolates, belonged to eight clonal complexes. The eight major CCs were also the most common complexes from different sources. The most common ST type of isolates from human and food was ST-353. The dominant ST type in chicken and foods was ST-354. Among 21 STs that contained two or more different sources isolates, 15 STs contained human isolates and isolates from other sources, suggesting that potentially pathogenic strains are not restricted to specific lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 88 South Daxue Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
245
|
Fernandes AM, Balasegaram S, Willis C, Wimalarathna HML, Maiden MC, McCarthy ND. Partial Failure of Milk Pasteurization as a Risk for the Transmission of Campylobacter From Cattle to Humans. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 61:903-9. [PMID: 26063722 PMCID: PMC4551004 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cattle are the second most common source of human campylobacteriosis. However, routes to account for this scale of transmission have not been identified. In contrast to chicken, red meat is not heavily contaminated at point of sale. Although effective pasteurization prevents milk-borne infection, apparently sporadic infections may include undetected outbreaks from raw or perhaps incompletely pasteurized milk. METHODS A rise in Campylobacter gastroenteritis in an isolated population was investigated using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), an epidemiological study, and environmental investigations. RESULTS A single strain was identified in 20 cases, clearly distinguishable from other local strains and a reference population by WGS. A case-case analysis showed association of infection with the outbreak strain and milk from a single dairy (odds ratio, 8; Fisher exact test P value = .023). Despite temperature records indicating effective pasteurization, mechanical faults likely to lead to incomplete pasteurization of part of the milk were identified by further testing and examination of internal components of dairy equipment. CONCLUSIONS Here, milk distribution concentrated on a small area, including school-aged children with low background incidence of campylobacteriosis, facilitated outbreak identification. Low-level contamination of widely distributed milk would not produce as detectable an outbreak signal. Such hidden outbreaks may contribute to the substantial burden of apparently sporadic Campylobacter from cattle where transmission routes are not certain. The effective discrimination of outbreak isolates from a reference population using WGS shows that integrating these data and approaches into surveillance could support the detection as well as investigation of such outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline Willis
- Food, Water and Environment Laboratory, Public Health England
| | | | - Martin C Maiden
- Department of Zoology National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Oxford
| | - Noel D McCarthy
- Field Epidemiology Services Department of Zoology National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Oxford Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
246
|
Klančnik A, Pogačar MŠ, Raspor P, Abram M, Možina SS, Vučković D. Virulence genes and cytokine profile in systemic murine Campylobacter coli infection. Virulence 2015; 6:581-90. [PMID: 26039573 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015.1042642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter coli are one of the most common bacteria in bacterial gastroenteritis and acute enterocolitis in humans. However, relatively little is known regarding the mechanisms of pathogenesis and host response to C. coli infections. To investigate the influence of genetic changes, we first used PCR to demonstrate the presence of the known virulence genes cadF, virB11, cdtB, cdtC and ceuE in the clinical isolate C. coli 26536, which was isolated from the liver of infected BALB/c mice. Sequence analyses of the cadF, virB11, cdtB and ceuE genes in C. coli 26536 confirmed the stability in these virulence genes during their transmission through the host. We further investigated C. coli infection for the bacterial clearance from the liver and spleen of infected mice, and for their immune response. C. coli persisted well in both organs, with better survival in the liver. We also determined the levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., interleukin [IL]-6, IL-12, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in plasma and in liver homogenates from the infected mice, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The lowest levels among these cytokines were for tumor necrosis factor-α in the plasma and IL-6 in the liver on days 1, 3 and 8 post-infection. The most pronounced production was for IL-10, in both plasma (days 1 and 8 post-infection) and liver (day 8 post-infection), which suggests that it has a role in healing of the organ inflammation. Our findings showed dynamic relationships between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and thus contribute toward clarification of the healing processes involved in the resolution of C. coli infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Klančnik
- a Department of Food Science and Technology ; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana ; Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | | | - Peter Raspor
- d Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Primorska ; Izola , Slovenia
| | - Maja Abram
- c Department of Microbiology ; Medical Faculty; University of Rijeka ; Rijeka , Croatia
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- a Department of Food Science and Technology ; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana ; Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Darinka Vučković
- c Department of Microbiology ; Medical Faculty; University of Rijeka ; Rijeka , Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
247
|
Guyard-Nicodème M, Rivoal K, Houard E, Rose V, Quesne S, Mourand G, Rouxel S, Kempf I, Guillier L, Gauchard F, Chemaly M. Prevalence and characterization of Campylobacter jejuni from chicken meat sold in French retail outlets. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 203:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
248
|
Genetic diversity and host associations in Campylobacter jejuni from human cases and broilers in 2000 and 2008. Vet Microbiol 2015; 178:94-8. [PMID: 25960333 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is an important food-borne pathogen, with a global distribution. It can colonize numerous host species, including both domestic and wild animals, but is particularly associated with birds (poultry and wild birds). For human campylobacteriosis, poultry products are deemed the most significant risk factor for acquiring infection. We conducted a genotyping and host attribution study of a large representative collection of C. jejuni isolated from humans and broilers in Sweden in the years 2000 and 2008. In total 673 broiler and human isolates from 10 different abattoirs and 6 different hospitals were genotyped with multilocus sequence typing. Source attribution analyses confirmed the strong linkage between broiler C. jejuni and domestic human cases, but also indicated a significant association to genotypes more commonly found in wild birds. Genotype distributions did not change dramatically between the two study years, suggesting a stable population of infecting bacteria.
Collapse
|
249
|
Lambert D, Carrillo CD, Koziol AG, Manninger P, Blais BW. GeneSippr: a rapid whole-genome approach for the identification and characterization of foodborne pathogens such as priority Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122928. [PMID: 25860693 PMCID: PMC4393293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The timely identification and characterization of foodborne bacteria for risk assessment purposes is a key operation in outbreak investigations. Current methods require several days and/or provide low-resolution characterization. Here we describe a whole-genome-sequencing (WGS) approach (GeneSippr) enabling same-day identification of colony isolates recovered from investigative food samples. The identification of colonies of priority Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) (i.e., serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145 and O157) served as a proof of concept. Genomic DNA was isolated from single colonies and sequencing was conducted on the Illumina MiSeq instrument with raw data sampling from the instrument following 4.5 hrs of sequencing. Modeling experiments indicated that datasets comprised of 21-nt reads representing approximately 4-fold coverage of the genome were sufficient to avoid significant gaps in sequence data. A novel bioinformatic pipeline was used to identify the presence of specific marker genes based on mapping of the short reads to reference sequence libraries, along with the detection of dispersed conserved genomic markers as a quality control metric to assure the validity of the analysis. STEC virulence markers were correctly identified in all isolates tested, and single colonies were identified within 9 hrs. This method has the potential to produce high-resolution characterization of STEC isolates, and whole-genome sequence data generated following the GeneSippr analysis could be used for isolate identification in place of lengthy biochemical characterization and typing methodologies. Significant advantages of this procedure include ease of adaptation to the detection of any gene marker of interest, as well as to the identification of other foodborne pathogens for which genomic markers have been defined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Lambert
- Research and Development, Ottawa Laboratory Carling, Science Branch, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine D. Carrillo
- Research and Development, Ottawa Laboratory Carling, Science Branch, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam G. Koziol
- Research and Development, Ottawa Laboratory Carling, Science Branch, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Manninger
- Research and Development, Ottawa Laboratory Carling, Science Branch, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Burton W. Blais
- Research and Development, Ottawa Laboratory Carling, Science Branch, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
250
|
Holmberg M, Rosendal T, Engvall EO, Ohlson A, Lindberg A. Prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter species in Swedish dogs and characterization of C. jejuni isolates. Acta Vet Scand 2015; 57:19. [PMID: 25884591 PMCID: PMC4389321 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-015-0108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter species in Swedish dogs, to identify the species of the Campylobacter isolates and to genotype the C. jejuni isolates. Young and healthy dogs were targeted and the sampling was performed at 11 veterinary clinics throughout Sweden from October 2011 to October 2012. Faecal swab samples were collected and sent to the laboratory at the National Veterinary Institute (SVA) for isolation of Campylobacter, speciation and genotyping. RESULTS Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 67 of the 180 sampled dogs which yields an overall prevalence of 37%. The most prevalent species of Campylobacter among the participating dogs was C. upsaliensis with 52 of the 67 identified isolates. A lower prevalence was observed for C. jejuni with seven identified isolates and one isolate was identified as C. helveticus. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was carried out on the seven C. jejuni isolates and all sequence types that were found are also commonly found in humans. The dogs were divided into three age groups; 1) under 12 months, 2) 12 to 23 months and 3) 24 months and older. The highest prevalence was found in the two younger age groups. Dogs shedding C. jejuni were between 3-12 months of age while dogs shedding C. upsaliensis were found in all ages. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation finds that Campylobacter spp. known to cause campylobacteriosis in humans are present in Swedish dogs. The results suggest an age predisposition where dogs under 2 years of age are more likely to shed Campylobacter spp. than older dogs. The most commonly isolated species was C. upsaliensis followed by C. jejuni, which was only detected in dogs up to 12 months of age. All C. jejuni isolates identified in the present study were of the same MLST types that have previously been described both in humans and in animals. The awareness of the Campylobacter risk of healthy young dogs may be an important way to reduce the transmission from dogs to infants, young children and immunocompromised adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Holmberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, National Veterinary Institute, SVA, SE-751 89, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Rosendal
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, National Veterinary Institute, SVA, SE-751 89, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Eva O Engvall
- Department of Bacteriology, National Veterinary Institute, SVA, SE-751 89, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Anna Ohlson
- Växa Sverige, Box 30204, SE-104 25, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ann Lindberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, National Veterinary Institute, SVA, SE-751 89, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|