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Stacey D, Lourdusamy A, Ruggeri B, Maroteaux M, Jia T, Cattrell A, Nymberg C, Banaschewski T, Bhattacharyya S, Band H, Barker G, Bokde A, Buchel C, Carvalho F, Conrod P, Desrivieres S, Easton A, Fauth-Buehler M, Fernandez-Medarde A, Flor H, Frouin V, Gallinat J, Garavanh H, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Lathrop M, Lawrence C, Loth E, Mann K, Martinot JL, Nees F, Paus T, Pausova Z, Rietschel M, Rotter A, Santos E, Smolka M, Sommer W, Mameli M, Spanagel R, Girault JA, Mueller C, Schumann G. A translational systems biology approach in both animals and humans identifies a functionally related module of accumbal genes involved in the regulation of reward processing and binge drinking in males. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2016; 41:192-202. [PMID: 26679926 PMCID: PMC4853210 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.150138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mesolimbic dopamine system, composed primarily of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area that project to striatal structures, is considered to be the key mediator of reinforcement-related mechanisms in the brain. Prompted by a genome-wide association meta-analysis implicating the Ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2 (RASGRF2) gene in the regulation of alcohol intake in men, we have recently shown that male Rasgrf2(-/-) mice exhibit reduced ethanol intake and preference accompanied by a perturbed mesolimbic dopamine system. We therefore propose that these mice represent a valid model to further elucidate the precise genes and mechanisms regulating mesolimbic dopamine functioning. METHODS Transcriptomic data from the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) of male Rasgrf2(-/-) mice and wild-type controls were analyzed by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). We performed follow-up genetic association tests in humans using a sample of male adolescents from the IMAGEN study characterized for binge drinking (n = 905) and ventral striatal activation during an fMRI reward task (n = 608). RESULTS The WGCNA analyses using accumbal transcriptomic data revealed 37 distinct "modules," or functionally related groups of genes. Two of these modules were significantly associated with Rasgrf2 knockout status: M5 (p < 0.001) and M6 (p < 0.001). In follow-up translational analyses we found that human orthologues for the M5 module were significantly (p < 0.01) enriched with genetic association signals for binge drinking in male adolescents. Furthermore, the most significant locus, originating from the EH-domain containing 4 (EHD4) gene (p < 0.001), was also significantly associated with altered ventral striatal activity in male adolescents performing an fMRI reward task (pempirical < 0.001). LIMITATIONS It was not possible to determine the extent to which the M5 module was dysregulated in Rasgrf2(-/-) mice by perturbed mesolimbic dopamine signalling or by the loss of Rasgrf2 function in the NAcc. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings indicate that the accumbal M5 module, initially identified as being dysregulated in male Rasgrf2(-/-) mice, is also relevant for human alcohol-related phenotypes potentially through the modulation of reinforcement mechanisms in the NAcc. We therefore propose that the genes comprising this module represent important candidates for further elucidation within the context of alcohol-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stacey
- Correspondence to: D. Stacey, Discipline of Psychiatry, Level 4, Eleanor Harrald Building, Frome Road, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia;
| | | | - Barbara Ruggeri
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Matthieu Maroteaux
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Tianye Jia
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Anna Cattrell
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Charlotte Nymberg
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Sohinee Bhattacharyya
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Hamid Band
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Gareth Barker
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Arun Bokde
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Christian Buchel
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Fabiana Carvalho
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Patricia Conrod
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Sylvane Desrivieres
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Alanna Easton
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Mira Fauth-Buehler
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Alberto Fernandez-Medarde
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Herta Flor
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Vincent Frouin
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Jurgen Gallinat
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Hugh Garavanh
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Andreas Heinz
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Mark Lathrop
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Claire Lawrence
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Eva Loth
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Karl Mann
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Frauke Nees
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Tomas Paus
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Andrea Rotter
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Eugenio Santos
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Michael Smolka
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Wolfgang Sommer
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Manuel Mameli
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Christian Mueller
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
| | - Gunter Schumann
- From the Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Australia (Stacey); the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Maroteaux, Jia, Cattrell, Nymberg, Barker, Carvalho, Conrod, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK (Lourdusamy, Ruggeri, Jia, Nymberg, Carvalho, Desrivières, Easton, Loth, Müller, Schumann); the Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 839, INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (Maroteaux, Mameli, Girault); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Banaschewski); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA (Bhattacharyya, Band); the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Bokde, Garavan); the Institute for Systemic Neuroscience, UMC Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); the Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Conrod); the Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Fauth-Buehler, Mann); the CIC-IBMCC, University of Salamanca – CSIC, Spain (Fernandez-Medarde, Santos); Department of Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Flor, Nees); the CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (Gallinat); the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA (Garavan); the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada (Lathrop); the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK (Lawrence, Paus); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuromaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France (Martinot); the Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Paus); the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Paus); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Pausova); the Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Rietschel); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Rotter, Müller); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (Smolka); and the Deptartment of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Sommer, Spanagel)
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