201
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Zheng X, Jin C, Liu Y, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Kan S, Wu Y, Ruan C, Lin L, Yang X, Zhao X, Wu S. Arterial Stiffness as a Predictor of Clinical Hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2015; 17:582-91. [PMID: 25917107 PMCID: PMC8032013 DOI: 10.1111/jch.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The association between vascular stiffening and blood pressure is likely bidirectional. The present study was designed to examine temporal relationships among vascular stiffness, blood pressure progression, and hypertension. The Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Community study is a community-based, prospective, long-term follow-up observational study. The present investigation is based on the baseline examinations (2010-2011) and the first follow-up measurements (2012-2013) included in the study. A total of 4025 participants were followed for an average of 27 months. Of 2153 participants free of hypertension at the baseline examination, 432 (20.07%) had incident hypertension. The authors observed that brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was an independent predictor of incident hypertension. baPWV during baseline examination was positively associated with higher systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure during the first follow-up examination. baPWV but not blood pressure during baseline examination was associated with baPWV during the first follow-up examination. This study not only provides evidence that baPWV is an independent predictor of blood pressure progression and incident hypertension, but also provides evidence that blood pressure is not associated with baPWV after adjusting for baseline baPWV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zheng
- Department of CardiologyKailuan HospitalHebei United UniversityTangshanChina
| | - Cheng Jin
- Department of CardiologyKailuan HospitalHebei United UniversityTangshanChina
| | - Yeqiang Liu
- Department of EndocrinologyKailuan HospitalHebei United UniversityTangshanChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of CardiologyKailuan HospitalHebei United UniversityTangshanChina
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of CardiologyKailuan HospitalHebei United UniversityTangshanChina
| | - Shuting Kan
- Department of CardiologyKailuan HospitalHebei United UniversityTangshanChina
| | - Yuntao Wu
- Department of CardiologyKailuan HospitalHebei United UniversityTangshanChina
| | - Chunyu Ruan
- Department of CardiologyKailuan HospitalHebei United UniversityTangshanChina
| | - Liming Lin
- Department of CardiologyKailuan HospitalHebei United UniversityTangshanChina
| | - Xinchun Yang
- Department of CardiologyChaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of CardiologyKailuan HospitalHebei United UniversityTangshanChina
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202
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Raaz U, Schellinger IN, Chernogubova E, Warnecke C, Kayama Y, Penov K, Hennigs JK, Salomons F, Eken S, Emrich FC, Zheng WH, Adam M, Jagger A, Nakagami F, Toh R, Toyama K, Deng A, Buerke M, Maegdefessel L, Hasenfuß G, Spin JM, Tsao PS. Transcription Factor Runx2 Promotes Aortic Fibrosis and Stiffness in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Circ Res 2015. [PMID: 26208651 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Accelerated arterial stiffening is a major complication of diabetes mellitus with no specific therapy available to date. OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the role of the osteogenic transcription factor runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) as a potential mediator and therapeutic target of aortic fibrosis and aortic stiffening in diabetes mellitus. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a murine model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (db/db mice), we identify progressive structural aortic stiffening that precedes the onset of arterial hypertension. At the same time, Runx2 is aberrantly upregulated in the medial layer of db/db aortae, as well as in thoracic aortic samples from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Vascular smooth muscle cell-specific overexpression of Runx2 in transgenic mice increases expression of its target genes, Col1a1 and Col1a2, leading to medial fibrosis and aortic stiffening. Interestingly, increased Runx2 expression per se is not sufficient to induce aortic calcification. Using in vivo and in vitro approaches, we further demonstrate that expression of Runx2 in diabetes mellitus is regulated via a redox-sensitive pathway that involves a direct interaction of NF-κB with the Runx2 promoter. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study highlights Runx2 as a previously unrecognized inducer of vascular fibrosis in the setting of diabetes mellitus, promoting arterial stiffness irrespective of calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Raaz
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., F.N., R.T., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.), and Cardiovascular Institute (U.R., Y.K., K.P., J.K.H., F.C.E., M.A., A.J., F.N., K.T., J.M.S., P.S.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (U.R., G.H.); Departments of Medicine (E.C., S.E., L.M.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (F.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (C.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Siegen, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Isabel N Schellinger
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., F.N., R.T., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.), and Cardiovascular Institute (U.R., Y.K., K.P., J.K.H., F.C.E., M.A., A.J., F.N., K.T., J.M.S., P.S.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (U.R., G.H.); Departments of Medicine (E.C., S.E., L.M.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (F.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (C.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Siegen, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Ekaterina Chernogubova
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., F.N., R.T., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.), and Cardiovascular Institute (U.R., Y.K., K.P., J.K.H., F.C.E., M.A., A.J., F.N., K.T., J.M.S., P.S.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (U.R., G.H.); Departments of Medicine (E.C., S.E., L.M.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (F.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (C.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Siegen, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Christina Warnecke
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., F.N., R.T., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.), and Cardiovascular Institute (U.R., Y.K., K.P., J.K.H., F.C.E., M.A., A.J., F.N., K.T., J.M.S., P.S.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (U.R., G.H.); Departments of Medicine (E.C., S.E., L.M.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (F.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (C.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Siegen, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Yosuke Kayama
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., F.N., R.T., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.), and Cardiovascular Institute (U.R., Y.K., K.P., J.K.H., F.C.E., M.A., A.J., F.N., K.T., J.M.S., P.S.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (U.R., G.H.); Departments of Medicine (E.C., S.E., L.M.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (F.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (C.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Siegen, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Kiril Penov
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., F.N., R.T., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.), and Cardiovascular Institute (U.R., Y.K., K.P., J.K.H., F.C.E., M.A., A.J., F.N., K.T., J.M.S., P.S.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (U.R., G.H.); Departments of Medicine (E.C., S.E., L.M.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (F.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (C.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Siegen, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Jan K Hennigs
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., F.N., R.T., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.), and Cardiovascular Institute (U.R., Y.K., K.P., J.K.H., F.C.E., M.A., A.J., F.N., K.T., J.M.S., P.S.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (U.R., G.H.); Departments of Medicine (E.C., S.E., L.M.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (F.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (C.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Siegen, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Florian Salomons
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., F.N., R.T., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.), and Cardiovascular Institute (U.R., Y.K., K.P., J.K.H., F.C.E., M.A., A.J., F.N., K.T., J.M.S., P.S.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (U.R., G.H.); Departments of Medicine (E.C., S.E., L.M.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (F.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (C.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Siegen, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Suzanne Eken
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., F.N., R.T., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.), and Cardiovascular Institute (U.R., Y.K., K.P., J.K.H., F.C.E., M.A., A.J., F.N., K.T., J.M.S., P.S.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (U.R., G.H.); Departments of Medicine (E.C., S.E., L.M.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (F.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (C.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Siegen, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Fabian C Emrich
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., F.N., R.T., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.), and Cardiovascular Institute (U.R., Y.K., K.P., J.K.H., F.C.E., M.A., A.J., F.N., K.T., J.M.S., P.S.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (U.R., G.H.); Departments of Medicine (E.C., S.E., L.M.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (F.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (C.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Siegen, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Wei H Zheng
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., F.N., R.T., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.), and Cardiovascular Institute (U.R., Y.K., K.P., J.K.H., F.C.E., M.A., A.J., F.N., K.T., J.M.S., P.S.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (U.R., G.H.); Departments of Medicine (E.C., S.E., L.M.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (F.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (C.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Siegen, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Matti Adam
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., F.N., R.T., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.), and Cardiovascular Institute (U.R., Y.K., K.P., J.K.H., F.C.E., M.A., A.J., F.N., K.T., J.M.S., P.S.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (U.R., G.H.); Departments of Medicine (E.C., S.E., L.M.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (F.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (C.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Siegen, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Ann Jagger
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., F.N., R.T., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.), and Cardiovascular Institute (U.R., Y.K., K.P., J.K.H., F.C.E., M.A., A.J., F.N., K.T., J.M.S., P.S.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (U.R., G.H.); Departments of Medicine (E.C., S.E., L.M.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (F.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (C.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Siegen, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Futoshi Nakagami
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., F.N., R.T., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.), and Cardiovascular Institute (U.R., Y.K., K.P., J.K.H., F.C.E., M.A., A.J., F.N., K.T., J.M.S., P.S.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (U.R., G.H.); Departments of Medicine (E.C., S.E., L.M.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (F.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (C.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Siegen, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Ryuji Toh
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., F.N., R.T., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.), and Cardiovascular Institute (U.R., Y.K., K.P., J.K.H., F.C.E., M.A., A.J., F.N., K.T., J.M.S., P.S.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (U.R., G.H.); Departments of Medicine (E.C., S.E., L.M.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (F.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (C.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Siegen, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Kensuke Toyama
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., F.N., R.T., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.), and Cardiovascular Institute (U.R., Y.K., K.P., J.K.H., F.C.E., M.A., A.J., F.N., K.T., J.M.S., P.S.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (U.R., G.H.); Departments of Medicine (E.C., S.E., L.M.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (F.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (C.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Siegen, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Alicia Deng
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., F.N., R.T., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.), and Cardiovascular Institute (U.R., Y.K., K.P., J.K.H., F.C.E., M.A., A.J., F.N., K.T., J.M.S., P.S.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (U.R., G.H.); Departments of Medicine (E.C., S.E., L.M.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (F.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (C.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Siegen, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Michael Buerke
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., F.N., R.T., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.), and Cardiovascular Institute (U.R., Y.K., K.P., J.K.H., F.C.E., M.A., A.J., F.N., K.T., J.M.S., P.S.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (U.R., G.H.); Departments of Medicine (E.C., S.E., L.M.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (F.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (C.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Siegen, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., F.N., R.T., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.), and Cardiovascular Institute (U.R., Y.K., K.P., J.K.H., F.C.E., M.A., A.J., F.N., K.T., J.M.S., P.S.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (U.R., G.H.); Departments of Medicine (E.C., S.E., L.M.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (F.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (C.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Siegen, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Gerd Hasenfuß
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., F.N., R.T., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.), and Cardiovascular Institute (U.R., Y.K., K.P., J.K.H., F.C.E., M.A., A.J., F.N., K.T., J.M.S., P.S.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (U.R., G.H.); Departments of Medicine (E.C., S.E., L.M.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (F.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (C.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Siegen, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Joshua M Spin
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., F.N., R.T., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.), and Cardiovascular Institute (U.R., Y.K., K.P., J.K.H., F.C.E., M.A., A.J., F.N., K.T., J.M.S., P.S.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (U.R., G.H.); Departments of Medicine (E.C., S.E., L.M.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (F.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (C.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Siegen, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Philip S Tsao
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., F.N., R.T., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.), and Cardiovascular Institute (U.R., Y.K., K.P., J.K.H., F.C.E., M.A., A.J., F.N., K.T., J.M.S., P.S.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (U.R., I.N.S., Y.K., W.H.Z., M.A., A.J., K.T., A.D., J.M.S., P.S.T.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (U.R., G.H.); Departments of Medicine (E.C., S.E., L.M.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (F.S.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (C.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Siegen, Germany (M.B.).
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Aroor AR, Sowers JR, Jia G, DeMarco VG. Pleiotropic effects of the dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors on the cardiovascular system. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 307:H477-92. [PMID: 24929856 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00209.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane protein that removes NH2-terminal dipeptides from various substrate hormones, chemokines, neuropeptides, and growth factors. Two known substrates of DPP-4 include the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory peptide, which are secreted by enteroendocrine cells in response to postprandial hyperglycemia and account for 60–70% of postprandial insulin secretion. DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) block degradation of GLP-1 and gastric inhibitory peptide, extend their insulinotropic effect, and improve glycemia. Since 2006, several DPP-4i have become available for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical trials confirm that DPP-4i raises GLP-1 levels in plasma and improves glycemia with very low risk for hypoglycemia and other side effects. Recent studies also suggest that DPP-4i confers cardiovascular and kidney protection, beyond glycemic control, which may reduce the risk for further development of the multiple comorbidities associated with obesity/type 2 diabetes mellitus, including hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and kidney disease. The notion that DPP-4i may improve CVD outcomes by mechanisms beyond glycemic control is due to both GLP-1-dependent and GLP-1-independent effects. The CVD protective effects by DPP-4i result from multiple factors including insulin resistance, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, adipose tissue dysfunction, dysfunctional immunity, and antiapoptotic properties of these agents in the heart and vasculature. This review focuses on cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating the CVD protective effects of DPP-4i beyond favorable effects on glycemic control.
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204
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Weberruß H, Pirzer R, Böhm B, Elmenhorst J, Pozza RD, Netz H, Oberhoffer R. Increased intima-media thickness is not associated with stiffer arteries in children. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:48-55. [PMID: 26177274 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subclinical atherosclerosis can be assessed via sonographic measurement of intima-media thickness and carotid artery distensibility, both may already be pathologically altered in childhood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide reference percentiles and investigate possible associations between alterations of intima-media thickness and distensibility. METHODS Carotid intima-media thickness and distensibility was measured via B- and M-mode ultrasound. Distensibility was defined by arterial compliance, elastic modulus, stiffness parameter β, and local pulse wave velocity β. Age- and height-dependent reference values were calculated separately for boys and girls among 690 (intima-media thickness) and 870 (distensibility) non-obese children aged 7-17 years. RESULTS Intima-media thickness and distensibility did not increase significantly with age or differ between boys and girls. Systolic blood pressure and body mass index were independent predictors of intima-media thickness, while an increased systolic blood pressure or pulse pressure was associated with stiffer arteries. Increased intima-media thickness was accompanied by higher arterial compliance and lower stiffness. CONCLUSION Using this healthy cohort, we describe a functional and non-pathological arterial adaptation wherein an increase in intima-media thickness is not associated with stiffer arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Weberruß
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Raphael Pirzer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Böhm
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Elmenhorst
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Dalla Pozza
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Heinrich Netz
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Renate Oberhoffer
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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205
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Bender SB, Castorena-Gonzalez JA, Garro M, Reyes-Aldasoro CC, Sowers JR, DeMarco VG, Martinez-Lemus LA. Regional variation in arterial stiffening and dysfunction in Western diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H574-82. [PMID: 26092984 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00155.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increased central vascular stiffening, assessed in vivo by determination of pulse wave velocity (PWV), is an independent predictor of cardiovascular event risk. Recent evidence demonstrates that accelerated aortic stiffening occurs in obesity; however, little is known regarding stiffening of other disease-relevant arteries or whether regional variation in arterial stiffening occurs in this setting. We addressed this gap in knowledge by assessing femoral PWV in vivo in conjunction with ex vivo analyses of femoral and coronary structure and function in a mouse model of Western diet (WD; high-fat/high-sugar)-induced obesity and insulin resistance. WD feeding resulted in increased femoral PWV in vivo. Ex vivo analysis of femoral arteries revealed a leftward shift in the strain-stress relationship, increased modulus of elasticity, and decreased compliance indicative of increased stiffness following WD feeding. Confocal and multiphoton fluorescence microscopy revealed increased femoral stiffness involving decreased elastin/collagen ratio in conjunction with increased femoral transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) content in WD-fed mice. Further analysis of the femoral internal elastic lamina (IEL) revealed a significant reduction in the number and size of fenestrae with WD feeding. Coronary artery stiffness and structure was unchanged by WD feeding. Functionally, femoral, but not coronary, arteries exhibited endothelial dysfunction, whereas coronary arteries exhibited increased vasoconstrictor responsiveness not present in femoral arteries. Taken together, our data highlight important regional variations in the development of arterial stiffness and dysfunction associated with WD feeding. Furthermore, our results suggest TGF-β signaling and IEL fenestrae remodeling as potential contributors to femoral artery stiffening in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn B Bender
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jorge A Castorena-Gonzalez
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Mona Garro
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - James R Sowers
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; and
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206
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Trachet B, Fraga-Silva RA, Londono FJ, Swillens A, Stergiopulos N, Segers P. Performance comparison of ultrasound-based methods to assess aortic diameter and stiffness in normal and aneurysmal mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129007. [PMID: 26023786 PMCID: PMC4449181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several ultrasound-based methods are currently used to assess aortic diameter, circumferential strain and stiffness in mice, but none of them is flawless and a gold standard is lacking. We aimed to assess the validity and sensitivity of these methods in control animals and animals developing dissecting abdominal aortic aneurysm. METHODS AND RESULTS We first compared systolic and diastolic diameters as well as local circumferential strains obtained in 47 Angiotensin II-infused ApoE(-/-) mice with three different techniques (BMode, short axis MMode, long axis MMode), at two different abdominal aortic locations (supraceliac and paravisceral), and at three different time points of abdominal aneurysm formation (baseline, 14 days and 28 days). We found that short axis BMode was preferred to assess diameters, but should be avoided for strains. Short axis MMode gave good results for diameters but high standard deviations for strains. Long axis MMode should be avoided for diameters, and was comparable to short axis MMode for strains. We then compared pulse wave velocity measurements using global, ultrasound-based transit time or regional, pressure-based transit time in 10 control and 20 angiotensin II-infused, anti-TGF-Beta injected C57BL/6 mice. Both transit-time methods poorly correlated and were not able to detect a significant difference in PWV between controls and aneurysms. However, a combination of invasive pressure and MMode diameter, based on radio-frequency data, detected a highly significant difference in local aortic stiffness between controls and aneurysms, with low standard deviation. CONCLUSIONS In small animal ultrasound the short axis view is preferred over the long axis view to measure aortic diameters, local methods are preferred over transit-time methods to measure aortic stiffness, invasive pressure-diameter data are preferred over non-invasive strains to measure local aortic stiffness, and the use of radiofrequency data improves the accuracy of diameter, strain as well as stiffness measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Trachet
- IBiTech-bioMMeda, Ghent University-IMinds Medical IT, Ghent, Belgium
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo A. Fraga-Silva
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Abigaïl Swillens
- IBiTech-bioMMeda, Ghent University-IMinds Medical IT, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nikolaos Stergiopulos
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Segers
- IBiTech-bioMMeda, Ghent University-IMinds Medical IT, Ghent, Belgium
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Gil-Ortega M, Martín-Ramos M, Arribas SM, González MC, Aránguez I, Ruiz-Gayo M, Somoza B, Fernández-Alfonso MS. Arterial stiffness is associated with adipokine dysregulation in non-hypertensive obese mice. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 77:38-47. [PMID: 26028606 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize alterations in vascular structure and mechanics in murine mesenteric arteries from obese non-hypertensive mice, as well as their relationship with adipokines. Four-week old C57BL/6J male mice were assigned either to a control (C, 10% kcal from fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD, 45% kcal from fat) for 32weeks. HFD animals weighed 30% more than controls (p<0.001), exhibited similar blood pressure, increased leptin, insulin and superoxide anion (O2(-)) levels, and reduced adiponectin levels and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Arterial structure showed an outward remodeling with an increase in total number of both adventitial and smooth muscle cells in HFD. Moreover, HFD mice exhibited an increased arterial stiffness assessed by β-values (C=2.4±0.5 vs HFD=5.3±0.8; p<0.05) and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV, C=3.4±0.1 vs HFD=3.9±0.1; p<0.05). β-Values and PWV positively correlated with leptin, insulin or O2(-) levels, whereas they negatively correlated with adiponectin levels and NO bioavailability (p<0.01). A reduction in fenestrae number together with an increase in type-I collagen amount (p<0.05) were observed in HFD. These data demonstrate that HFD accounts for the development of vascular remodeling and arterial stiffness associated with adipokine dysregulation and oxidative stress, independently of hypertension development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Martín-Ramos
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia M Arribas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carmen González
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Aránguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María S Fernández-Alfonso
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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DeMarco VG, Habibi J, Jia G, Aroor AR, Ramirez-Perez FI, Martinez-Lemus LA, Bender SB, Garro M, Hayden MR, Sun Z, Meininger GA, Manrique C, Whaley-Connell A, Sowers JR. Low-Dose Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockade Prevents Western Diet-Induced Arterial Stiffening in Female Mice. Hypertension 2015; 66:99-107. [PMID: 26015449 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Women are especially predisposed to development of arterial stiffening secondary to obesity because of consumption of excessive calories. Enhanced activation of vascular mineralocorticoid receptors impairs insulin signaling, induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and maladaptive immune responses. We tested whether a subpressor dose of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, spironolactone (1 mg/kg per day) prevents aortic and femoral artery stiffening in female C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat/high-sugar western diet (WD) for 4 months (ie, from 4-20 weeks of age). Aortic and femoral artery stiffness were assessed using ultrasound, pressurized vessel preparations, and atomic force microscopy. WD induced weight gain and insulin resistance compared with control diet-fed mice and these abnormalities were unaffected by spironolactone. Blood pressures and heart rates were normal and unaffected by diet or spironolactone. Spironolactone prevented WD-induced stiffening of aorta and femoral artery, as well as endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, within aortic explants. Spironolactone prevented WD-induced impaired aortic protein kinase B/endothelial nitric oxide synthase signaling, as well as impaired endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation. Spironolactone ameliorated WD-induced aortic medial thickening and fibrosis and the associated activation of the progrowth extracellular receptor kinase 1/2 pathway. Finally, preservation of normal arterial stiffness with spironolactone in WD-fed mice was associated with attenuated systemic and vascular inflammation and an anti-inflammatory shift in vascular immune cell marker genes. Low-dose spironolactone may represent a novel prevention strategy to attenuate vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, and growth pathway signaling and remodeling to prevent development of arterial stiffening secondary to consumption of a WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent G DeMarco
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.).
| | - Javad Habibi
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Guanghong Jia
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Francisco I Ramirez-Perez
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Shawn B Bender
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Mona Garro
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Zhe Sun
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Gerald A Meininger
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Camila Manrique
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - James R Sowers
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.).
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209
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Hudson LD, Rapala A, Khan T, Williams B, Viner RM. Evidence for contemporary arterial stiffening in obese children and adolescents using pulse wave velocity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:376-86. [PMID: 26071661 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AI) may provide information on future cardiovascular risk. Reports are conflicting on whether obese children show evidence of raised PWV and AI. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies using EMBASE, Web-of-Science and PUBMED databases for studies reporting PWV and AI in obese versus non-obese controls(<age 18 years). Studies were pooled in meta-analyses to generate weighted mean differences (WMD) using random effects methodology. Analyses were repeated by method, quality grade and anatomical region. RESULTS 383 studies were found in initial searches and 81 were assessed in detail; 14 studies (6677 total participants, 1120 obese and 5557 non-obese) were suitable for meta-analysis for PWV, and 5 studies (728 participants obese and 317 non-obese) for AI. Across all studies, obese children had higher PWV than non-obese children (WMD 0.45(95% confidence interval 0.10 to 0.81 ms(-)(1))). This difference was not significant when only studies with low/medium risk of bias were included. Obese subjects had higher PWV measured directly at the carotid (WMD 0.51 (0.35-0.67 ms(-)(1))) and aorta (WMD 1.33 (0.36-2.31)). No significant differences were found for AI. Heterogeneity was high in all analyses(I(2) > 90% in PWV and AI meta-analyses). CONCLUSION There is moderate evidence that obese children have increased arterial stiffening, especially in central arteries. This supports concerns about future CVD risk in obese children. Developing effective obesity interventions must remain a health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee D Hudson
- UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Alicja Rapala
- Vascular Physiology Unit, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Tauseef Khan
- Vascular Physiology Unit, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan Williams
- Vascular Physiology Unit, University College London, United Kingdom
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210
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Microvascular function. J Hypertens 2015; 33:928-30. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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211
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Huveneers S, Daemen MJAP, Hordijk PL. Between Rho(k) and a hard place: the relation between vessel wall stiffness, endothelial contractility, and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res 2015; 116:895-908. [PMID: 25722443 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.305720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular stiffness is a mechanical property of the vessel wall that affects blood pressure, permeability, and inflammation. As a result, vascular stiffness is a key driver of (chronic) human disorders, including pulmonary arterial hypertension, kidney disease, and atherosclerosis. Responses of the endothelium to stiffening involve integration of mechanical cues from various sources, including the extracellular matrix, smooth muscle cells, and the forces that derive from shear stress of blood. This response in turn affects endothelial cell contractility, which is an important property that regulates endothelial stiffness, permeability, and leukocyte-vessel wall interactions. Moreover, endothelial stiffening reduces nitric oxide production, which promotes smooth muscle cell contraction and vasoconstriction. In fact, vessel wall stiffening, and microcirculatory endothelial dysfunction, precedes hypertension and thus underlies the development of vascular disease. Here, we review the cross talk among vessel wall stiffening, endothelial contractility, and vascular disease, which is controlled by Rho-driven actomyosin contractility and cellular mechanotransduction. In addition to discussing the various inputs and relevant molecular events in the endothelium, we address which actomyosin-regulated changes at cell adhesion complexes are genetically associated with human cardiovascular disease. Finally, we discuss recent findings that broaden therapeutic options for targeting this important mechanical signaling pathway in vascular pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Huveneers
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (S.H., P.L.H.) and Department of Pathology (M.J.A.P.D.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mat J A P Daemen
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (S.H., P.L.H.) and Department of Pathology (M.J.A.P.D.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (S.H., P.L.H.) and Department of Pathology (M.J.A.P.D.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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212
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Kohn JC, Lampi MC, Reinhart-King CA. Age-related vascular stiffening: causes and consequences. Front Genet 2015; 6:112. [PMID: 25926844 PMCID: PMC4396535 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffening occurs with age and is closely associated with the progression of cardiovascular disease. Stiffening is most often studied at the level of the whole vessel because increased stiffness of the large arteries can impose increased strain on the heart leading to heart failure. Interestingly, however, recent evidence suggests that the impact of increased vessel stiffening extends beyond the tissue scale and can also have deleterious microscale effects on cellular function. Altered extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture has been recognized as a key component of the pre-atherogenic state. Here, the underlying causes of age-related vessel stiffening are discussed, focusing on age-related crosslinking of the ECM proteins as well as through increased matrix deposition. Methods to measure vessel stiffening at both the macro- and microscale are described, spanning from the pulse wave velocity measurements performed clinically to microscale measurements performed largely in research laboratories. Additionally, recent work investigating how arterial stiffness and the changes in the ECM associated with stiffening contributed to endothelial dysfunction will be reviewed. We will highlight how changes in ECM protein composition contribute to atherosclerosis in the vessel wall. Lastly, we will discuss very recent work that demonstrates endothelial cells (ECs) are mechano-sensitive to arterial stiffening, where changes in stiffness can directly impact EC health. Overall, recent studies suggest that stiffening is an important clinical target not only because of potential deleterious effects on the heart but also because it promotes cellular level dysfunction in the vessel wall, contributing to a pathological atherosclerotic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Kohn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Marsha C Lampi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA
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213
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi M Hamburg
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (N.M.H.)
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214
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Joint scientific statement of the European Association for the Study of Obesity and the European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens 2015; 33:425-34. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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215
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Dake BL, Oltman CL. Cardiovascular, metabolic, and coronary dysfunction in high-fat-fed obesity-resistant/prone rats. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:623-9. [PMID: 25645537 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a global epidemic leading to several comorbidities including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The hypothesis that the genetic background of the obesity-prone rat (OP) predisposes to physiologic, metabolic, and microvascular dysfunction which is exacerbated by a diet high in saturated fats was tested. METHODS Male OP and obesity-resistant (OR) rats were fed either a diet containing 10% (chow) or 45% kcal fat (HF) for 42 weeks. RESULTS Weight of OP rats was greater than OR rats by 8 weeks on both diets. Blood pressure was increased in OP rats on chow and further augmented by HF diet compared to OR rats on similar diets. In contrast to weight and blood pressure, glucose clearance was similar in OR and OP rats on chow and impaired in both models on HF diet. Relaxation to acetylcholine was attenuated in OP rats compared to OR rats by 8 weeks and remained reduced throughout the study. A longer period of time was required to observe vascular dysfunction in HF-fed OR rats. CONCLUSIONS When compared to OR rats, OP rats are prone to develop not only greater obesity but also hypertension and vascular dysfunction on a normal diet which is further augmented with HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Dake
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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216
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Cuomo F, Ferruzzi J, Humphrey JD, Figueroa CA. An Experimental-Computational Study of Catheter Induced Alterations in Pulse Wave Velocity in Anesthetized Mice. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:1555-70. [PMID: 25698526 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Computational methods for solving problems of fluid dynamics and fluid-solid-interactions have advanced to the point that they enable reliable estimates of many hemodynamic quantities, including those important for studying vascular mechanobiology or designing medical devices. In this paper, we use a customized version of the open source code SimVascular to develop a computational model of central artery hemodynamics in anesthetized mice that is informed with experimental data on regional geometries, blood flows and pressures, and biaxial wall properties. After validating a baseline model against available data, we then use the model to investigate the effects of commercially available catheters on the very parameters that they are designed to measure, namely, murine blood pressure and (pressure) pulse wave velocity (PWV). We found that a combination of two small profile catheters designed to measure pressure simultaneously in the ascending aorta and femoral artery increased the PWV due to an overall increase in pressure within the arterial system. Conversely, a larger profile dual-sensor pressure catheter inserted through a carotid artery into the descending thoracic aorta decreased the PWV due to an overall decrease in pressure. In both cases, similar reductions in cardiac output were observed due to increased peripheral vascular resistance. As might be expected, therefore, invasive transducers can alter the very quantities that are designed to measure, yet advanced computational models offer a unique method to evaluate or augment such measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cuomo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
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217
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Petersen KS, Blanch N, Keogh JB, Clifton PM. Effect of Weight Loss on Pulse Wave Velocity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:243-52. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina S. Petersen
- From the School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Natalie Blanch
- From the School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jennifer B. Keogh
- From the School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter M. Clifton
- From the School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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218
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Golob MJ, Tian L, Wang Z, Zimmerman TA, Caneba CA, Hacker TA, Song G, Chesler NC. Mitochondria DNA mutations cause sex-dependent development of hypertension and alterations in cardiovascular function. J Biomech 2014; 48:405-12. [PMID: 25582357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with conduit artery stiffening that is a risk factor for and can precede hypertension and ventricular dysfunction. Increases in mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) frequency have been correlated with aging. Mice with a mutation in the encoding domain (D257A) of a proof-reading deficient version of mtDNA polymerase-γ (POLG) have musculoskeletal features of premature aging and a shortened lifespan. However, few studies using these mice have investigated the effects of mtDNA mutations on cardiovascular function. We hypothesized that the proof-reading deficient mtDNA POLG leads to arterial stiffening, hypertension, and ventricular hypertrophy. Ten to twelve month-old D257A mice (n=13) and age- and sex-matched wild-type controls (n=13) were catheterized for hemodynamic and ventricular function measurements. Left common carotid arteries (LCCA) were harvested for mechanical tests followed by histology. Male D257A mice had pulmonary and systemic hypertension, arterial stiffening, larger LCCA diameter (701±45 vs. 597±60μm), shorter LCCA axial length (8.96±0.56 vs. 10.10±0.80mm), and reduced hematocrit (29.1±6.1 vs. 41.3±8.1; all p<0.05). Male and female D257A mice had biventricular hypertrophy (p<0.05). Female D257A mice did not have significant increases in pressure or arterial stiffening, suggesting that the mechanisms of hypertension or arterial stiffening from mtDNA mutations differ based on sex. Our results lend insight into the mechanisms of age-related cardiovascular disease and may point to novel treatment strategies to address cardiovascular mortality in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Golob
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UW-Madison College of Engineering, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Material Science Program, UW-Madison College of Engineering, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Lian Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UW-Madison College of Engineering, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UW-Madison College of Engineering, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Todd A Zimmerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UW-Madison College of Engineering, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Christine A Caneba
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UW-Madison College of Engineering, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Timothy A Hacker
- Department of Medicine, Medical Science Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Guoqing Song
- Department of Medicine, Medical Science Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Naomi C Chesler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UW-Madison College of Engineering, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Medicine, Medical Science Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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219
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Dependence of arterial stiffness on pressure quantified in the realm of the cardiac cycle: towards a patient-specific approach? J Hypertens 2014; 33:257-9. [PMID: 25535877 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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220
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Sun
- From the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City.
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221
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Mei Y, Thompson MD, Shiraishi Y, Cohen RA, Tong X. Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase C674 promotes ischemia- and hypoxia-induced angiogenesis via coordinated endothelial cell and macrophage function. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 76:275-82. [PMID: 25260714 PMCID: PMC4250384 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia is a complex phenomenon modulated by the concerted action of several cell types. We have identified that sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase 2 (SERCA 2) cysteine 674 (C674) S-glutathiolation is essential for ischemic angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated endothelial cell (EC) migration and network formation. A heterozygote SERCA 2 C674S knockin (SKI) mouse shows impaired ischemic blood flow recovery after femoral artery ligation, and its ECs show depleted endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) stores and impaired angiogenic behavior. Here we studied the role of SERCA 2 C674 in the interaction between ECs and macrophages in the context of ischemia and discovered the involvement of the ER stress response protein, ER oxidoreductin-1α (ERO1). In wild type (WT) mice, expression of ERO1 was increased in the ischemic hind limb in vivo, as well as in ECs and macrophages exposed to hypoxia in vitro. The increase in ERO1 to ischemia/hypoxia was less in SKI mice. In WT ECs, both vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) expression and bone marrow-derived macrophage adhesion to ECs were increased by hypoxia, and both were attenuated in SKI ECs. In WT ECs, ERO1 siRNA blocked hypoxia-induced VCAM1 expression and macrophage adhesion. In WT macrophages, hypoxia also stimulated both ERO1 and VEGF expression, and both were less in SKI macrophages. Compared with conditioned media of hypoxic SKI macrophages, conditioned media from WT macrophages had a greater effect on EC angiogenic behavior, and were blocked by VEGF neutralizing antibody. Taken together, under hypoxic conditions, SERCA 2 C674 and ERO1 enable increased VCAM1 expression and macrophage adhesion to ECs, as well as macrophage VEGF production that, in turn, promote angiogenesis. This study highlights the hitherto unrecognized interaction of two ER proteins, SERCA 2 C674 and ERO1, which mediate the EC and macrophage angiogenic response to ischemia/hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mei
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Melissa D Thompson
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Yasunaga Shiraishi
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Richard A Cohen
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Xiaoyong Tong
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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222
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Thompson JA, Sarr O, Piorkowska K, Gros R, Regnault TRH. Low birth weight followed by postnatal over-nutrition in the guinea pig exposes a predominant player in the development of vascular dysfunction. J Physiol 2014; 592:5429-43. [PMID: 25362153 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.275016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and hypertension is well established, yet the interaction between IUGR and other pathogenic contributors remains ill-defined. This study examined the independent and interactive effects of fetal growth reduction resulting in low birth weight (LBW), and postnatal Western diet (WD) on vascular function. Growth reduction was induced in pregnant guinea pigs by uterine artery ablation. LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) offspring were randomly assigned to a control diet (CD) or a WD. In young adulthood, length-tension curves were generated in aortic rings and responses to methacholine (MCh) were evaluated in the carotid and aorta using wire myography. Relative to NBW/CD, aortae of NBW/WD offspring were stiffer, as determined by a leftward shift in the length-tension curve, yet the shift in the LBW/CD curve was considerably greater. Aortic stiffening was most severe in LBW/WD (slope: NBW/CD, 1.97 ± 0.04; NBW/WD, 2.16 ± 0.04; LBW/CD, 2.28 ± 0.05; LBW/WD, 2.34 ± 0.07). Maximal responses (Emax) to MCh were significantly blunted in the aorta of LBW/CD vs. NBW/CD (P < 0.05) and in LBW/WD vs. NBW/WD offspring (P < 0.05); but WD alone had no influence on MCh responses. Emax values for carotid responses to MCh were reduced in LBW/CD vs. NBW/CD (P < 0.05). Thus, aortic stiffening was influenced more by LBW than by a postnatal WD and the most severe stiffening was observed in LBW/WD offspring. In contrast, blunted endothelial responses in LBW/CD offspring were not exacerbated by WD. IUGR may have a greater independent impact on vascular function than a postnatal WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Thompson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ousseynou Sarr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada Children's Health Research Institute, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karolina Piorkowska
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Gros
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada Department of Medicine, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy R H Regnault
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada Children's Health Research Institute, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kokkinos
- From the Cardiology Department, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Cardiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; and Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
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225
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Chantler PD, Frisbee JC. Arterial function in cardio-metabolic diseases: from the microcirculation to the large conduits. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 57:489-96. [PMID: 25220256 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized as a constellation of metabolic risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia that co-occur within a given individual. This consultation of risk factors exposes MetS to a 3-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease and an even higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to healthy individuals. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this increased cardiovascular risk are incompletely understood but likely include alterations to macro- and micro-vasculature. The vasculature plays an important role not only in delivery and adjusting the quantity of blood delivered to the tissues, but the dynamic changes in structure and compliance significantly alter the hemodynamic stress imposed on the heart and end-organs. This review will give an overview of the pathophysiological changes to the vasculature that accompany MetS in both human and animal models, as well as the possible mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Chantler
- Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jefferson C Frisbee
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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Guo X, Lu X, Yang J, Kassab GS. Increased aortic stiffness elevates pulse and mean pressure and compromises endothelial function in Wistar rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H880-7. [PMID: 25038146 PMCID: PMC4166746 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00265.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An increase in pulse pressure (PP) is highly associated with hypertension. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of increased aortic stiffness on PP and endothelial dysfunction as precursors to hypertension. A rat model of suddenly increased aortic stiffness by use of a nonconstrictive restraint (glue coating) on aortic surface was created to investigate the change of PP and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Group I (n = 16) underwent aorta restraint for 4 wk. Group II (n = 12) underwent aortic restraint for 4 wk, followed by restraint removal to evaluate extent of reversibility for additional 4 wk. The aortic and peripheral endothelial function was assessed by ACh-stimulated endothelium-dependent vasodilation. The level of nitrate/nitrite (NOx), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and prostacyclin (PGI2) were measured in the serum and artery tissue. We found that aortic stiffening causes a significant increase in PP and MAP (P < 0.05). The endothelial function was markedly blunted (P < 0.05) in both aorta and small peripheral artery. After removal of the restraint, the impaired endothelium function persisted in the aorta likely due to sustained deterioration of aortic wall, but was partially restored in peripheral artery. The endothelial dysfunction was correlated with a decrease in NOx and PGI2 (P < 0.05) and an increase in ET-1 (P < 0.05). Our results show that aortic stiffening results in widening of PP, which affected endothelium function through changes in synthesis of NOx, ET-1, and PGI2. These findings suggest that increased aortic stiffness may be a cause of increased PP and a precursor to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Guo
- Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University, Purdue University, Indianapolis
| | - Xiao Lu
- Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University, Purdue University, Indianapolis
| | - Junrong Yang
- Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University, Purdue University, Indianapolis
| | - Ghassan S Kassab
- Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University, Purdue University, Indianapolis; Surgery, Indiana University, Purdue University, Indianapolis; and Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University, Purdue University, Indianapolis
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227
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Liu K, Wang Y, He J, He S, Liao H, Si D, Wang S, Zhang X, Chen X. Is pulse pressure a predictor of diabetes in Chinese Han nationality population? 15-year prospective study in Chengdu community. Int J Cardiol 2014; 176:529-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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228
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Gao YZ, Saphirstein RJ, Yamin R, Suki B, Morgan KG. Aging impairs smooth muscle-mediated regulation of aortic stiffness: a defect in shock absorption function? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H1252-61. [PMID: 25128168 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00392.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Increased aortic stiffness is an early and independent biomarker of cardiovascular disease. Here we tested the hypothesis that vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contribute significantly to aortic stiffness and investigated the mechanisms involved. The relative contributions of VSMCs, focal adhesions (FAs), and matrix to stiffness in mouse aorta preparations at optimal length and with confirmed VSMC viability were separated by the use of small-molecule inhibitors and activators. Using biomechanical methods designed for minimal perturbation of cellular function, we directly quantified changes with aging in aortic material stiffness. An alpha adrenoceptor agonist, in the presence of N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) to remove interference of endothelial nitric oxide, increases stiffness by 90-200% from baseline in both young and old mice. Interestingly, increases are robustly suppressed by the Src kinase inhibitor PP2 in young but not old mice. Phosphotyrosine screening revealed, with aging, a biochemical signature of markedly impaired agonist-induced FA remodeling previously associated with Src signaling. Protein expression measurement confirmed a decrease in Src expression with aging. Thus we report here an additive model for the in vitro biomechanical components of the mouse aortic wall in which 1) VSMCs are a surprisingly large component of aortic stiffness at physiological lengths and 2) regulation of the VSMC component through FA signaling and hence plasticity is impaired with aging, diminishing the aorta's normal shock absorption function in response to stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Z Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert J Saphirstein
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rina Yamin
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bela Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Kathleen G Morgan
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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229
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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230
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Zhao S, Zhang H, Cao D, Liu Y, Li X. Lipopolysaccharide exposure during pregnancy leads to aortic dysfunction in offspring rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102273. [PMID: 25025169 PMCID: PMC4099131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produces hypertension in adult offspring rats. The present study was to explore the effects of prenatal inflammation on morphological and functional changes in the aorta from offspring rats and to further assess its susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS Pregnant rats were treated intraperitoneally on gestation Days 8, 10 and 12 with saline, LPS (0.79 mg/kg), or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, 100 mg/kg)+LPS, respectively. Aortic ring reactivity and histopathological alteration were analyzed in offspring at the age of 12 weeks. The detections of connexin (Cx) 37, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45, including immunofluorescent patterns, protein levels and mRNA expression in the aorta, were performed as well. Furthermore, the expressions of Nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65), IκBα, phospho-IκBα and IκBβ were determined. The results showed that prenatal LPS exposure leads to morphological abnormalities and impaired aortic reactivity in offspring. Prenatal LPS exposure also decreased the protein and mRNA expression of Cx37 in the aorta from offspring rats. NF-κB and phospho-IκBα levels were both increased, IκBα level, however, was decreased in the aorta of offspring from the maternal LPS exposure compared to the controls. Simultaneously, PDTC treatment markedly reversed the action of LPS. CONCLUSIONS Decreased expression of Cx37 contributed to the aortic dysfunction of prenatal LPS exposure offspring, which should be associated with NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyu Zhao
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Haigang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Dayan Cao
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ya Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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231
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The effect of a single nucleotide polymorphism of the CYP4F2 gene on blood pressure and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid excretion after weight loss. J Hypertens 2014; 32:1495-502; discussion 1502. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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232
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Abstract
The combination of obesity and hypertension is associated with high morbidity and mortality because it leads to cardiovascular and kidney disease. Potential mechanisms linking obesity to hypertension include dietary factors, metabolic, endothelial and vascular dysfunction, neuroendocrine imbalances, sodium retention, glomerular hyperfiltration, proteinuria, and maladaptive immune and inflammatory responses. Visceral adipose tissue also becomes resistant to insulin and leptin and is the site of altered secretion of molecules and hormones such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, TNF and IL-6, which exacerbate obesity-associated cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence also suggests that the gut microbiome is important for modulating these mechanisms. Uric acid and altered incretin or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 activity further contribute to the development of hypertension in obesity. The pathophysiology of obesity-related hypertension is especially relevant to premenopausal women with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus who are at high risk of developing arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction. In this Review we discuss the relationship between obesity and hypertension with special emphasis on potential mechanisms and therapeutic targeting that might be used in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent G DeMarco
- Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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233
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Su S, Wang X, Kapuku GK, Treiber FA, Pollock DM, Harshfield GA, McCall WV, Pollock JS. Adverse childhood experiences are associated with detrimental hemodynamics and elevated circulating endothelin-1 in adolescents and young adults. Hypertension 2014; 64:201-7. [PMID: 24777980 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the risks for coronary heart disease and hypertension in mid and late adulthood. We previously reported that early life stress induces a hyperreactive endothelin-dependent cardiovascular phenotype in a rat model. In the present study, we evaluated whether exposure to ACEs is associated with greater peripheral resistance, arterial stiffness, blood pressure, or elevated circulating endothelin-1 levels in humans. In 221 healthy adolescents and young adults (mean age, 21 years; range, 13-29 years), we found a graded association of ACE exposure with plasma endothelin-1 levels, of which on average 18% and 24% were higher in participants with 1 ACE and ≥2 ACEs, respectively, compared with those with no ACEs (P=0.001). Participants with moderate/severe exposure to ACEs (≥2 ACEs) had significantly higher total peripheral resistance index (+12%), diastolic blood pressure (+5%), and pulse wave velocity (+9%) compared with those who were not exposed. These associations were independent of age, race, sex, body mass index, and childhood socioeconomic status. Our results indicate that early life stress promotes cardiovascular disease risk, specifically detrimental vascular and cardiac function, detectable in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyong Su
- From the Georgia Prevention Center (S.S., X.W., G.K.K., G.A.H.), Department of Medicine (D.M.P., J.S.P.), and Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior (W.V.M.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta; Technology Applications Center for Healthful Lifestyles, Colleges of Nursing and Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (F.A.T.); and Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (D.M.P., J.S.P.)
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- From the Georgia Prevention Center (S.S., X.W., G.K.K., G.A.H.), Department of Medicine (D.M.P., J.S.P.), and Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior (W.V.M.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta; Technology Applications Center for Healthful Lifestyles, Colleges of Nursing and Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (F.A.T.); and Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (D.M.P., J.S.P.)
| | - Gaston K Kapuku
- From the Georgia Prevention Center (S.S., X.W., G.K.K., G.A.H.), Department of Medicine (D.M.P., J.S.P.), and Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior (W.V.M.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta; Technology Applications Center for Healthful Lifestyles, Colleges of Nursing and Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (F.A.T.); and Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (D.M.P., J.S.P.)
| | - Frank A Treiber
- From the Georgia Prevention Center (S.S., X.W., G.K.K., G.A.H.), Department of Medicine (D.M.P., J.S.P.), and Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior (W.V.M.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta; Technology Applications Center for Healthful Lifestyles, Colleges of Nursing and Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (F.A.T.); and Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (D.M.P., J.S.P.)
| | - David M Pollock
- From the Georgia Prevention Center (S.S., X.W., G.K.K., G.A.H.), Department of Medicine (D.M.P., J.S.P.), and Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior (W.V.M.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta; Technology Applications Center for Healthful Lifestyles, Colleges of Nursing and Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (F.A.T.); and Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (D.M.P., J.S.P.)
| | - Gregory A Harshfield
- From the Georgia Prevention Center (S.S., X.W., G.K.K., G.A.H.), Department of Medicine (D.M.P., J.S.P.), and Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior (W.V.M.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta; Technology Applications Center for Healthful Lifestyles, Colleges of Nursing and Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (F.A.T.); and Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (D.M.P., J.S.P.)
| | - W Vaughn McCall
- From the Georgia Prevention Center (S.S., X.W., G.K.K., G.A.H.), Department of Medicine (D.M.P., J.S.P.), and Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior (W.V.M.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta; Technology Applications Center for Healthful Lifestyles, Colleges of Nursing and Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (F.A.T.); and Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (D.M.P., J.S.P.)
| | - Jennifer S Pollock
- From the Georgia Prevention Center (S.S., X.W., G.K.K., G.A.H.), Department of Medicine (D.M.P., J.S.P.), and Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior (W.V.M.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta; Technology Applications Center for Healthful Lifestyles, Colleges of Nursing and Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (F.A.T.); and Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (D.M.P., J.S.P.).
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235
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Nox2 targets SERCA in response to a high fat high sugar diet. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 72:228-30. [PMID: 24704899 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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236
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Jia G, Aroor AR, Sowers JR. Arterial Stiffness: A Nexus between Cardiac and Renal Disease. Cardiorenal Med 2014; 4:60-71. [PMID: 24847335 DOI: 10.1159/000360867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world, and vascular function is determined by structural and functional properties of the arterial vascular wall. Cardiorenal metabolic syndrome such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, and aging are conditions that predispose to arterial stiffening, which is a pathological alteration of the vascular wall and ultimately results in target organ damage in heart and kidney. In this review, we provide new insights on the interactions between arterial stiffness, vascular resistance and pulse wave velocity as well as final end-organ damage in heart and kidney. Better understanding of the mechanisms of arterial functional and hemodynamic alteration may help in developing more refined therapeutic strategies aimed to reduce cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mo., USA ; Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, Mo., USA ; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo., USA
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mo., USA ; Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, Mo., USA ; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo., USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mo., USA ; Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, Mo., USA ; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Mo., USA ; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo., USA
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237
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Mai TH, Wu J, Diedrich A, Garland EM, Robertson D. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in autonomic cardiovascular regulation and vascular structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 8:286-96. [PMID: 24746612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is reported to play important roles in cardiovascular regulation in human and animal models. In spite of this, its role remains controversial. We aim to clarify this by studying the autonomic cardiovascular function and vascular structure in CGRP knockout (CGRP(-/-)) mice. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were assessed by telemeters. Urine (24-hour) and blood were collected for catecholamines measurements. Baroreflex sensitivity was assessed using phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside administered in an acute study. Daytime mean arterial pressure (MAP; 12-hour period) was significantly higher in the CGRP(-/-) mice than in the wild type (WT) mice (114.5 vs. 104.5 mm Hg; P = .04). Norepinephrine was elevated in plasma and 24-hour urine in the knockouts (Urine, 956 vs. 618 pg/mL; P = .004; Plasma, 2505 vs. 1168 pg/mL; P = .04). Paradoxically, cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity was higher in CGRP(-/-) mice (3.2 vs. 1.4 ms/mm Hg; P = .03). To increase insight, we studied aortic stiffness in CGRP(-/-) mice and found it increased compared with age-matched WT mice, as evidenced by the depression of the compliance curve (P < .05). CGRP(-/-) mice have higher BP due to elevated sympathetic signals and abnormalities in blood vessel structure. Moreover, our data also showed that CGRP plays an important role in the regulation of the cardio-vagal tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu H Mai
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - André Diedrich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emily M Garland
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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238
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Qin Z, Hou X, Weisbrod RM, Seta F, Cohen RA, Tong X. Nox2 mediates high fat high sucrose diet-induced nitric oxide dysfunction and inflammation in aortic smooth muscle cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 72:56-63. [PMID: 24631774 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome are important contributors to cardiovascular diseases. The decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity in endothelium and the impaired response of smooth muscle cell (SMC) to NO significantly contribute to vascular pathologies, including atherosclerosis and arterial restenosis after angioplasty. Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA) is an important mediator of NO function in both endothelial cells and SMCs, and its irreversible oxidation impairs its stimulation by NO. We used C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat high sucrose diet (HFHSD) to study the role of SMC SERCA in diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome. We found that HFHSD upregulated Nox2 based NADPH oxidase, induced inflammation, increased irreversible SERCA oxidation, and suppressed the response of aortic SERCA to NO. Cultured aortic SMCs from mice fed HFHSD showed increased reactive oxygen species production, Nox2 upregulation, irreversible SERCA oxidation, inflammation, and a decreased ability of NO to inhibit SMC migration. Overexpression of wild type SERCA2b or downregulation of Nox2 restored NO-mediated inhibition of migration in SMCs isolated from HFHSD-fed mice. In addition, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) increased Nox2 which induced SERCA oxidation and inflammation. Taken together, Nox2 induced by HFHSD plays significant roles in controlling SMC responses to NO and TNFα-mediated inflammation, which may contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases in diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexue Qin
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xiuyun Hou
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Robert M Weisbrod
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Francesca Seta
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Richard A Cohen
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Tong
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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239
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Leopold JA. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of arterial stiffness associated with obesity. Hypertension 2013; 62:1003-4. [PMID: 24060893 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Leopold
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB0630K, Boston, MA 02115.
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