201
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A Literature-Derived Knowledge Graph Augments the Interpretation of Single Cell RNA-seq Datasets. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060898. [PMID: 34200671 PMCID: PMC8229796 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Technology to generate single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets and tools to annotate them have advanced rapidly in the past several years. Such tools generally rely on existing transcriptomic datasets or curated databases of cell type defining genes, while the application of scalable natural language processing (NLP) methods to enhance analysis workflows has not been adequately explored. Here we deployed an NLP framework to objectively quantify associations between a comprehensive set of over 20,000 human protein-coding genes and over 500 cell type terms across over 26 million biomedical documents. The resultant gene-cell type associations (GCAs) are significantly stronger between a curated set of matched cell type-marker pairs than the complementary set of mismatched pairs (Mann Whitney p = 6.15 × 10−76, r = 0.24; cohen’s D = 2.6). Building on this, we developed an augmented annotation algorithm (single cell Annotation via Literature Encoding, or scALE) that leverages GCAs to categorize cell clusters identified in scRNA-seq datasets, and we tested its ability to predict the cellular identity of 133 clusters from nine datasets of human breast, colon, heart, joint, ovary, prostate, skin, and small intestine tissues. With the optimized settings, the true cellular identity matched the top prediction in 59% of tested clusters and was present among the top five predictions for 91% of clusters. scALE slightly outperformed an existing method for reference data driven automated cluster annotation, and we demonstrate that integration of scALE can meaningfully improve the annotations derived from such methods. Further, contextualization of differential expression analyses with these GCAs highlights poorly characterized markers of well-studied cell types, such as CLIC6 and DNASE1L3 in retinal pigment epithelial cells and endothelial cells, respectively. Taken together, this study illustrates for the first time how the systematic application of a literature-derived knowledge graph can expedite and enhance the annotation and interpretation of scRNA-seq data.
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202
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Archer F, Bobet-Erny A, Gomes M. State of the art on lung organoids in mammals. Vet Res 2021; 52:77. [PMID: 34078444 PMCID: PMC8170649 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The number and severity of diseases affecting lung development and adult respiratory function have stimulated great interest in developing new in vitro models to study lung in different species. Recent breakthroughs in 3-dimensional (3D) organoid cultures have led to new physiological in vitro models that better mimic the lung than conventional 2D cultures. Lung organoids simulate multiple aspects of the real organ, making them promising and useful models for studying organ development, function and disease (infection, cancer, genetic disease). Due to their dynamics in culture, they can serve as a sustainable source of functional cells (biobanking) and be manipulated genetically. Given the differences between species regarding developmental kinetics, the maturation of the lung at birth, the distribution of the different cell populations along the respiratory tract and species barriers for infectious diseases, there is a need for species-specific lung models capable of mimicking mammal lungs as they are of great interest for animal health and production, following the One Health approach. This paper reviews the latest developments in the growing field of lung organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Archer
- UMR754, IVPC, INRAE, EPHE, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69007, Lyon, France.
| | - Alexandra Bobet-Erny
- UMR754, IVPC, INRAE, EPHE, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Maryline Gomes
- UMR754, IVPC, INRAE, EPHE, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69007, Lyon, France
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203
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Orr JC, Hynds RE. Stem Cell-derived Respiratory Epithelial Cell Cultures as Human Disease Models. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:657-668. [PMID: 33428856 PMCID: PMC8456877 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0440tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in stem cell biology and the understanding of factors that determine lung stem cell self-renewal have enabled long-term in vitro culture of human lung cells derived from airway basal and alveolar type II cells. Improved capability to expand and study primary cells long term, including in clonal cultures that are recently derived from a single cell, will allow experiments that address fundamental questions about lung homeostasis and repair, as well as translational questions in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer research. Here, we provide a brief history of postnatal lung epithelial cell culture and describe recent methodological advances. We further discuss the applications of primary cultures in defining "normal" epithelium, in modeling lung disease, and in future cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Orr
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, and
| | - Robert E Hynds
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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204
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Busch SM, Lorenzana Z, Ryan AL. Implications for Extracellular Matrix Interactions With Human Lung Basal Stem Cells in Lung Development, Disease, and Airway Modeling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:645858. [PMID: 34054525 PMCID: PMC8149957 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.645858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is not simply a quiescent scaffold. This three-dimensional network of extracellular macromolecules provides structural, mechanical, and biochemical support for the cells of the lung. Throughout life, the ECM forms a critical component of the pulmonary stem cell niche. Basal cells (BCs), the primary stem cells of the airways capable of differentiating to all luminal cell types, reside in close proximity to the basolateral ECM. Studying BC-ECM interactions is important for the development of therapies for chronic lung diseases in which ECM alterations are accompanied by an apparent loss of the lung's regenerative capacity. The complexity and importance of the native ECM in the regulation of BCs is highlighted as we have yet to create an in vitro culture model that is capable of supporting the long-term expansion of multipotent BCs. The interactions between the pulmonary ECM and BCs are, therefore, a vital component for understanding the mechanisms regulating BC stemness during health and disease. If we are able to replicate these interactions in airway models, we could significantly improve our ability to maintain basal cell stemness ex vivo for use in in vitro models and with prospects for cellular therapies. Furthermore, successful, and sustained airway regeneration in an aged or diseased lung by small molecules, novel compounds or via cellular therapy will rely upon both manipulation of the airway stem cells and their immediate niche within the lung. This review will focus on the current understanding of how the pulmonary ECM regulates the basal stem cell function, how this relationship changes in chronic disease, and how replicating native conditions poses challenges for ex vivo cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana M. Busch
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zareeb Lorenzana
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amy L. Ryan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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205
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Harker JA, Lloyd CM. Overlapping and distinct features of viral and allergen immunity in the human lung. Immunity 2021; 54:617-631. [PMID: 33852829 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunity in the human respiratory tract is provided by a diverse range of tissue-resident cells, including specialized epithelial and macrophage populations and a network of innate and innate-like lymphocytes, such as natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells, and invariant T cells. Lung-resident memory T and B cells contribute to this network following initial exposure to antigenic stimuli. This review explores how advances in the study of human immunology have shaped our understanding of this resident immune network and its response to two of the most commonly encountered inflammatory stimuli in the airways: viruses and allergens. It discusses the many ways in which pathogenic infection and allergic inflammation mirror each other, highlighting the key checkpoints at which they diverge and how this can result in a lifetime of allergic exacerbation versus protective anti-viral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Harker
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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206
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Hoffmann M, Hofmann-Winkler H, Smith JC, Krüger N, Arora P, Sørensen LK, Søgaard OS, Hasselstrøm JB, Winkler M, Hempel T, Raich L, Olsson S, Danov O, Jonigk D, Yamazoe T, Yamatsuta K, Mizuno H, Ludwig S, Noé F, Kjolby M, Braun A, Sheltzer JM, Pöhlmann S. Camostat mesylate inhibits SARS-CoV-2 activation by TMPRSS2-related proteases and its metabolite GBPA exerts antiviral activity. EBioMedicine 2021; 65:103255. [PMID: 33676899 PMCID: PMC7930809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antivirals are needed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2. The clinically-proven protease inhibitor Camostat mesylate inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection by blocking the virus-activating host cell protease TMPRSS2. However, antiviral activity of Camostat mesylate metabolites and potential viral resistance have not been analyzed. Moreover, antiviral activity of Camostat mesylate in human lung tissue remains to be demonstrated. METHODS We used recombinant TMPRSS2, reporter particles bearing the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 or authentic SARS-CoV-2 to assess inhibition of TMPRSS2 and viral entry, respectively, by Camostat mesylate and its metabolite GBPA. FINDINGS We show that several TMPRSS2-related proteases activate SARS-CoV-2 and that two, TMPRSS11D and TMPRSS13, are robustly expressed in the upper respiratory tract. However, entry mediated by these proteases was blocked by Camostat mesylate. The Camostat metabolite GBPA inhibited recombinant TMPRSS2 with reduced efficiency as compared to Camostat mesylate. In contrast, both inhibitors exhibited similar antiviral activity and this correlated with the rapid conversion of Camostat mesylate into GBPA in the presence of serum. Finally, Camostat mesylate and GBPA blocked SARS-CoV-2 spread in human lung tissue ex vivo and the related protease inhibitor Nafamostat mesylate exerted augmented antiviral activity. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can use TMPRSS2 and closely related proteases for spread in the upper respiratory tract and that spread in the human lung can be blocked by Camostat mesylate and its metabolite GBPA. FUNDING NIH, Damon Runyon Foundation, ACS, NYCT, DFG, EU, Berlin Mathematics center MATH+, BMBF, Lower Saxony, Lundbeck Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Heike Hofmann-Winkler
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joan C Smith
- Google, Inc., New York City, NY 10011, USA; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Nadine Krüger
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Prerna Arora
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lambert K Sørensen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole S Søgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Michael Winkler
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Hempel
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Physics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lluís Raich
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Olsson
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Berlin, Germany; Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Olga Danov
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Takashi Yamazoe
- Discovery Technology Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Katsura Yamatsuta
- Discovery Technology Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Mizuno
- Discovery Technology Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Virology (IVM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Cells in Motion", Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Noé
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Physics, Berlin, Germany; Rice University, Department of Chemistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mads Kjolby
- Danish Diabetes Academy and DANDRITE, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jason M Sheltzer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
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207
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Muus C, Luecken MD, Eraslan G, Sikkema L, Waghray A, Heimberg G, Kobayashi Y, Vaishnav ED, Subramanian A, Smillie C, Jagadeesh KA, Duong ET, Fiskin E, Triglia ET, Ansari M, Cai P, Lin B, Buchanan J, Chen S, Shu J, Haber AL, Chung H, Montoro DT, Adams TS, Aliee H, Allon SJ, Andrusivova Z, Angelidis I, Ashenberg O, Bassler K, Bécavin C, Benhar I, Bergenstråhle J, Bergenstråhle L, Bolt L, Braun E, Bui LT, Callori S, Chaffin M, Chichelnitskiy E, Chiou J, Conlon TM, Cuoco MS, Cuomo AS, Deprez M, Duclos G, Fine D, Fischer DS, Ghazanfar S, Gillich A, Giotti B, Gould J, Guo M, Gutierrez AJ, Habermann AC, Harvey T, He P, Hou X, Hu L, Hu Y, Jaiswal A, Ji L, Jiang P, Kapellos TS, Kuo CS, Larsson L, Leney-Greene MA, Lim K, Litviňuková M, Ludwig LS, Lukassen S, Luo W, Maatz H, Madissoon E, Mamanova L, Manakongtreecheep K, Leroy S, Mayr CH, Mbano IM, McAdams AM, Nabhan AN, Nyquist SK, Penland L, Poirion OB, Poli S, Qi C, Queen R, Reichart D, Rosas I, Schupp JC, Shea CV, Shi X, Sinha R, Sit RV, Slowikowski K, Slyper M, Smith NP, Sountoulidis A, Strunz M, Sullivan TB, Sun D, Talavera-López C, Tan P, Tantivit J, Travaglini KJ, Tucker NR, Vernon KA, Wadsworth MH, Waldman J, Wang X, Xu K, Yan W, Zhao W, Ziegler CG. Single-cell meta-analysis of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes across tissues and demographics. Nat Med 2021; 27:546-559. [PMID: 33654293 PMCID: PMC9469728 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-01227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and accessory proteases (TMPRSS2 and CTSL) are needed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cellular entry, and their expression may shed light on viral tropism and impact across the body. We assessed the cell-type-specific expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and CTSL across 107 single-cell RNA-sequencing studies from different tissues. ACE2, TMPRSS2 and CTSL are coexpressed in specific subsets of respiratory epithelial cells in the nasal passages, airways and alveoli, and in cells from other organs associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission or pathology. We performed a meta-analysis of 31 lung single-cell RNA-sequencing studies with 1,320,896 cells from 377 nasal, airway and lung parenchyma samples from 228 individuals. This revealed cell-type-specific associations of age, sex and smoking with expression levels of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and CTSL. Expression of entry factors increased with age and in males, including in airway secretory cells and alveolar type 2 cells. Expression programs shared by ACE2+TMPRSS2+ cells in nasal, lung and gut tissues included genes that may mediate viral entry, key immune functions and epithelial-macrophage cross-talk, such as genes involved in the interleukin-6, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor and complement pathways. Cell-type-specific expression patterns may contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and our work highlights putative molecular pathways for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Muus
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA; John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard, University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Malte D. Luecken
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, , Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gokcen Eraslan
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Lisa Sikkema
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Avinash Waghray
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Graham Heimberg
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Yoshihiko Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Eeshit Dhaval Vaishnav
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
| | - Ayshwarya Subramanian
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Christopher Smillie
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Karthik A. Jagadeesh
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Elizabeth Thu Duong
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine
| | - Evgenij Fiskin
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Elena Torlai Triglia
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Meshal Ansari
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) / Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany; Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peiwen Cai
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicineat Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Brian Lin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital,Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Justin Buchanan
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093
| | - Sijia Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jian Shu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Adam L. Haber
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Hattie Chung
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Daniel T. Montoro
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Taylor S. Adams
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Hananeh Aliee
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Samuel J. Allon
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science & Department of Chemistry, MIT; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
| | - Zaneta Andrusivova
- SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
| | - Ilias Angelidis
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) / Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Orr Ashenberg
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Kevin Bassler
- Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Inbal Benhar
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard,Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | | | - Liam Bolt
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Emelie Braun
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute
| | - Linh T. Bui
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Steven Callori
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine; Bioinformatic Program, Boston University
| | - Mark Chaffin
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - Evgeny Chichelnitskiy
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, MHH, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany, phone +40 511 532 9745; fax +40 511 532 8090; German Center for Infectious Diseases DZIF, TTU-IICH 07.801
| | - Joshua Chiou
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093
| | - Thomas M. Conlon
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) / Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael S. Cuoco
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Anna S.E. Cuomo
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Marie Deprez
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560, France
| | - Grant Duclos
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - David S. Fischer
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Shila Ghazanfar
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Astrid Gillich
- Department of Biochemistry and Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease
| | - Bruno Giotti
- Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Joshua Gould
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Minzhe Guo
- Divisions of Pulmonary Biology; Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | | | - Arun C. Habermann
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Tyler Harvey
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Peng He
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Xiaomeng Hou
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093
| | - Lijuan Hu
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute
| | - Yan Hu
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
| | - Alok Jaiswal
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Lu Ji
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Theodoro S. Kapellos
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christin S. Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease
| | - Ludvig Larsson
- SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
| | | | - Kyungtae Lim
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Monika Litviňuková
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif S. Ludwig
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA Division of Hematology / Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Soeren Lukassen
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Center for Digital Health, Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Strasse 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wendy Luo
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Henrike Maatz
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Elo Madissoon
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics Programme Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Lira Mamanova
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kasidet Manakongtreecheep
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Sylvie Leroy
- Université Côte d’Azur, Pulmonology Department, CHU Nice, NICE, France; Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Christoph H. Mayr
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Group Systems Medicine of Chronic Lung Disease, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Ian M. Mbano
- Africa Health Research Institute,Durban, South Africa. School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Alexi M. McAdams
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Ahmad N. Nabhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease
| | - Sarah K. Nyquist
- Computational and Systems Biology, CSAIL, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science & Department of Chemistry, MIT; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
| | - Lolita Penland
- Department of Biochemistry and Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease
| | - Olivier B. Poirion
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093
| | - Sergio Poli
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - CanCan Qi
- Dept. of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Queen
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Bioscience West Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3 BZ, UK
| | - Daniel Reichart
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.; Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ivan Rosas
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Jonas C. Schupp
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Conor V. Shea
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Xingyi Shi
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine; Bioinformatic Program, Boston University
| | - Rahul Sinha
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rene V. Sit
- Department of Biochemistry and Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease
| | - Kamil Slowikowski
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Michal Slyper
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Neal P. Smith
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases
| | - Alex Sountoulidis
- Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute
| | - Maximilian Strunz
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Dawei Sun
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Carlos Talavera-López
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Peng Tan
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jessica Tantivit
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kyle J. Travaglini
- Department of Biochemistry and Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease
| | - Nathan R. Tucker
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142; Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY, USA 13501
| | - Katherine A. Vernon
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marc H. Wadsworth
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Department of Chemistry & Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
| | - Julia Waldman
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Xiuting Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicineat Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - William Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicineat Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carly G.K. Ziegler
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard
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208
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Wauters E, Van Mol P, Garg AD, Jansen S, Van Herck Y, Vanderbeke L, Bassez A, Boeckx B, Malengier-Devlies B, Timmerman A, Van Brussel T, Van Buyten T, Schepers R, Heylen E, Dauwe D, Dooms C, Gunst J, Hermans G, Meersseman P, Testelmans D, Yserbyt J, Tejpar S, De Wever W, Matthys P, Neyts J, Wauters J, Qian J, Lambrechts D. Discriminating mild from critical COVID-19 by innate and adaptive immune single-cell profiling of bronchoalveolar lavages. Cell Res 2021; 31:272-290. [PMID: 33473155 PMCID: PMC8027624 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
How the innate and adaptive host immune system miscommunicate to worsen COVID-19 immunopathology has not been fully elucidated. Here, we perform single-cell deep-immune profiling of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from 5 patients with mild and 26 with critical COVID-19 in comparison to BALs from non-COVID-19 pneumonia and normal lung. We use pseudotime inference to build T-cell and monocyte-to-macrophage trajectories and model gene expression changes along them. In mild COVID-19, CD8+ resident-memory (TRM) and CD4+ T-helper-17 (TH17) cells undergo active (presumably antigen-driven) expansion towards the end of the trajectory, and are characterized by good effector functions, while in critical COVID-19 they remain more naïve. Vice versa, CD4+ T-cells with T-helper-1 characteristics (TH1-like) and CD8+ T-cells expressing exhaustion markers (TEX-like) are enriched halfway their trajectories in mild COVID-19, where they also exhibit good effector functions, while in critical COVID-19 they show evidence of inflammation-associated stress at the end of their trajectories. Monocyte-to-macrophage trajectories show that chronic hyperinflammatory monocytes are enriched in critical COVID-19, while alveolar macrophages, otherwise characterized by anti-inflammatory and antigen-presenting characteristics, are depleted. In critical COVID-19, monocytes contribute to an ATP-purinergic signaling-inflammasome footprint that could enable COVID-19 associated fibrosis and worsen disease-severity. Finally, viral RNA-tracking reveals infected lung epithelial cells, and a significant proportion of neutrophils and macrophages that are involved in viral clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Wauters
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.410569.f0000 0004 0626 3338Department of Pneumology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Mol
- grid.410569.f0000 0004 0626 3338Department of Pneumology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.511459.dVIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhishek Dinkarnath Garg
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory for Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (CMM), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sander Jansen
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yannick Van Herck
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lore Vanderbeke
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ayse Bassez
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.511459.dVIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Boeckx
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.511459.dVIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Malengier-Devlies
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Timmerman
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.511459.dVIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Brussel
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.511459.dVIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tina Van Buyten
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rogier Schepers
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.511459.dVIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Heylen
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dieter Dauwe
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Dooms
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.410569.f0000 0004 0626 3338Department of Pneumology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Gunst
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Hermans
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Meersseman
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory for Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dries Testelmans
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.410569.f0000 0004 0626 3338Department of Pneumology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonas Yserbyt
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.410569.f0000 0004 0626 3338Department of Pneumology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Walter De Wever
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Matthys
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Johan Neyts
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost Wauters
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory for Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Junbin Qian
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006 China
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.511459.dVIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
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209
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Lee SN, Kim SJ, Yoon SA, Song JM, Ahn JS, Kim HC, Choi AMK, Yoon JH. CD44v3-Positive Intermediate Progenitor Cells Contribute to Airway Goblet Cell Hyperplasia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:247-259. [PMID: 33264080 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0350oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In allergic airway diseases, intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs) increase in number in the surface epithelium. IPCs arise from basal cells, the origin of hallmark pathological changes, including goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion. Thus, targeting IPCs will benefit future treatment of allergic airway diseases. However, the lack of adequate cell surface markers for IPCs limits their identification and characterization. We now show that CD44 containing exon v3 (CD44v3) is a surface marker for IPCs that are capable of both proliferating and generating differentiated goblet cells in allergic human nasal epithelium. In primary human nasal epithelial cells that had differentiated at an air-liquid interface, IL-4 upregulated mRNA expression of three CD44v variants that include exon v3 (CD44v3-v6, CD44v3,v8-v10, and CD44v3-v10), and it induced expression of CD44v3 protein in the basal and suprabasal layers of the culture. FACS analysis revealed two subpopulations differing in CD44v3 concentrations, as follows: CD44v3low cells expressed high amounts of proliferative and basal cell markers (Ki-67 and TP63), whereas CD44v3high cells strongly expressed progenitor and immature and mature goblet cell markers (SOX2, CA2, and SPDEF). Importantly, a blocking anti-CD44 antibody suppressed IL-4-induced mucin production by human nasal epithelial cells. Furthermore, CD44v3 was coexpressed with TP63, KRT5, or SOX2 and was upregulated in the basal and suprabasal layers of the nasal surface epithelium of subjects with allergic rhinitis. Taken together, these data demonstrate that high CD44v3 expression contributes to goblet cell hyperplasia in inflammation of the allergic airway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Augustine M K Choi
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York; and.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Joo-Heon Yoon
- The Airway Mucus Institute and.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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210
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Ziegler CGK, Miao VN, Owings AH, Navia AW, Tang Y, Bromley JD, Lotfy P, Sloan M, Laird H, Williams HB, George M, Drake RS, Christian T, Parker A, Sindel CB, Burger MW, Pride Y, Hasan M, Abraham GE, Senitko M, Robinson TO, Shalek AK, Glover SC, Horwitz BH, Ordovas-Montanes J. Impaired local intrinsic immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection in severe COVID-19. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.02.20.431155. [PMID: 33619488 PMCID: PMC7899452 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.20.431155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, can lead to severe lower respiratory illness including pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, which can result in profound morbidity and mortality. However, many infected individuals are either asymptomatic or have isolated upper respiratory symptoms, which suggests that the upper airways represent the initial site of viral infection, and that some individuals are able to largely constrain viral pathology to the nasal and oropharyngeal tissues. Which cell types in the human nasopharynx are the primary targets of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and how infection influences the cellular organization of the respiratory epithelium remains incompletely understood. Here, we present nasopharyngeal samples from a cohort of 35 individuals with COVID-19, representing a wide spectrum of disease states from ambulatory to critically ill, as well as 23 healthy and intubated patients without COVID-19. Using standard nasopharyngeal swabs, we collected viable cells and performed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), simultaneously profiling both host and viral RNA. We find that following infection with SARS-CoV-2, the upper respiratory epithelium undergoes massive reorganization: secretory cells diversify and expand, and mature epithelial cells are preferentially lost. Further, we observe evidence for deuterosomal cell and immature ciliated cell expansion, potentially representing active repopulation of lost ciliated cells through coupled secretory cell differentiation. Epithelial cells from participants with mild/moderate COVID-19 show extensive induction of genes associated with anti-viral and type I interferon responses. In contrast, cells from participants with severe lower respiratory symptoms appear globally muted in their anti-viral capacity, despite substantially higher local inflammatory myeloid populations and equivalent nasal viral loads. This suggests an essential role for intrinsic, local epithelial immunity in curbing and constraining viral-induced pathology. Using a custom computational pipeline, we characterized cell-associated SARS-CoV-2 RNA and identified rare cells with RNA intermediates strongly suggestive of active replication. Both within and across individuals, we find remarkable diversity and heterogeneity among SARS-CoV-2 RNA+ host cells, including developing/immature and interferon-responsive ciliated cells, KRT13+ "hillock"-like cells, and unique subsets of secretory, goblet, and squamous cells. Finally, SARS-CoV-2 RNA+ cells, as compared to uninfected bystanders, are enriched for genes involved in susceptibility (e.g., CTSL, TMPRSS2) or response (e.g., MX1, IFITM3, EIF2AK2) to infection. Together, this work defines both protective and detrimental host responses to SARS-CoV-2, determines the direct viral targets of infection, and suggests that failed anti-viral epithelial immunity in the nasal mucosa may underlie the progression to severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly G. K. Ziegler
- Program in Health Sciences & Technology, Harvard Medical School & MIT, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vincent N. Miao
- Program in Health Sciences & Technology, Harvard Medical School & MIT, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anna H. Owings
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Andrew W. Navia
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ying Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua D. Bromley
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Peter Lotfy
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meredith Sloan
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Hannah Laird
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Haley B. Williams
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Micayla George
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Riley S. Drake
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Taylor Christian
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Adam Parker
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Campbell B. Sindel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Molly W. Burger
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Yilianys Pride
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Mohammad Hasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - George E. Abraham
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Michal Senitko
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Tanya O. Robinson
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Alex K. Shalek
- Program in Health Sciences & Technology, Harvard Medical School & MIT, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sarah C. Glover
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Bruce H. Horwitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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211
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Koch CM, Prigge AD, Anekalla KR, Shukla A, Do-Umehara HC, Setar L, Chavez J, Abdala-Valencia H, Politanska Y, Markov NS, Hahn GR, Heald-Sargent T, Sanchez-Pinto LN, Muller WJ, Misharin AV, Ridge KM, Coates BM. Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the nasal mucosa in children and adults. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [PMID: 33532801 PMCID: PMC7852252 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.26.21250269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rationale: Despite similar viral load and infectivity rates between children and adults infected with SARS-CoV-2, children rarely develop severe illness. Differences in the host response to the virus at the primary infection site are among the proposed mechanisms. Objectives: To investigate the host response to SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza virus (IV) in the nasal mucosa in children and adults. Methods: Clinical outcomes and gene expression in the nasal mucosa were analyzed in 36 children hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 24 children with RSV infection, 9 children with IV infection, 16 adults with mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 7 healthy pediatric and 13 healthy adult controls. Results: In both children and adults, infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to an interferon response in the nasal mucosa. The magnitude of the interferon response correlated with the abundance of viral reads and was comparable between symptomatic children and adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 and symptomatic children infected with RSV and IV. Cell type deconvolution identified an increased abundance of immune cells in the samples from children and adults with a viral infection. Expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 - key entry factors for SARS-CoV-2 - did not correlate with age or presence or absence of viral infection. Conclusions: Our findings support the hypothesis that differences in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 determine disease severity, independent of viral load and interferon response at the primary infection primary site.
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212
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Cellular and functional heterogeneity of the airway epithelium. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:978-990. [PMID: 33608655 PMCID: PMC7893625 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The airway epithelium protects us from environmental insults, which we encounter with every breath. Not only does it passively filter large particles, it also senses potential danger and alerts other cells, including immune and nervous cells. Together, these tissues orchestrate the most appropriate response, balancing the need to eliminate the danger with the risk of damage to the host. Each cell subset within the airway epithelium plays its part, and when impaired, may contribute to the development of respiratory disease. Here we highlight recent advances regarding the cellular and functional heterogeneity along the airway epithelium and discuss how we can use this knowledge to design more effective, targeted therapeutics.
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213
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Xing X, Yang F, Huang Q, Guo H, Li J, Qiu M, Bai F, Wang J. Decoding the multicellular ecosystem of lung adenocarcinoma manifested as pulmonary subsolid nodules by single-cell RNA sequencing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/5/eabd9738. [PMID: 33571124 PMCID: PMC7840134 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd9738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) that radiologically display as subsolid nodules (SSNs) exhibit more indolent biological behavior than solid LUAD. The transcriptomic features and tumor microenvironment (TME) of SSN remain poorly understood. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing analyses of 16 SSN samples, 6 adjacent normal lung tissues (nLung), and 9 primary LUAD with lymph node metastasis (mLUAD). Approximately 0.6 billion unique transcripts were obtained from 118,293 cells. We found that cytotoxic natural killer/T cells were dominant in the TME of SSN, and malignant cells in SSN undergo a strong metabolic reprogram and immune stress. In SSN, the subtype composition of endothelial cells was similar to that in mLUAD, while the subtype distribution of fibroblasts was more like that in nLung. Our study provides single-cell transcriptomic profiling of SSN and their TME. This resource provides deeper insight into the indolent nature of SSN and will be helpful in advancing lung cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Haifa Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Mantang Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Fan Bai
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
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214
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Abstract
The community of cells lining our airways plays a collaborative role in the preservation of immune homeostasis in the lung and provides protection from the pathogens and pollutants in the air we breathe. In addition to its structural attributes that provide effective mucociliary clearance of the lower airspace, the airway epithelium is an immunologically active barrier surface that senses changes in the airway environment and interacts with resident and recruited immune cells. Single-cell RNA-sequencing is illuminating the cellular heterogeneity that exists in the airway wall and has identified novel cell populations with unique molecular signatures, trajectories of differentiation and diverse functions in health and disease. In this Review, we discuss how our view of the airway epithelial landscape has evolved with the advent of transcriptomic approaches to cellular phenotyping, with a focus on epithelial interactions with the local neuronal and immune systems.
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215
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Christian Schupp
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut and
| | - Xiting Yan
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut and
- Department of Biostatistics Yale School of Public Health New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut and
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216
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Legendre M, Zaragosi LE, Mitchison HM. Motile cilia and airway disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 110:19-33. [PMID: 33279404 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A finely regulated system of airway epithelial development governs the differentiation of motile ciliated cells of the human respiratory tract, conferring the body's mucociliary clearance defence system. Human cilia dysfunction can arise through genetic mutations and this is a cause of debilitating disease morbidities that confer a greatly reduced quality of life. The inherited human motile ciliopathy disorder, primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), can arise from mutations in genes affecting various aspects of motile cilia structure and function through deficient production, transport and assembly of cilia motility components or through defective multiciliogenesis. Our understanding about the development of the respiratory epithelium, motile cilia biology and the implications for human pathology has expanded greatly over the past 20 years since isolation of the first PCD gene, rising to now nearly 50 genes. Systems level insights about cilia motility in health and disease have been made possible through intensive molecular and omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics) research, applied in ciliate organisms and in animal and human disease modelling. Here, we review ciliated airway development and the genetic stratification that underlies PCD, for which the underlying genotype can increasingly be connected to biological mechanism and disease prognostics. Progress in this field can facilitate clinical translation of research advances, with potential for great medical impact, e.g. through improvements in ciliopathy disease diagnosis, management, family counselling and by enhancing the potential for future genetically tailored approaches to disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Legendre
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Childhood Genetic Disorders, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75012, France
| | | | - Hannah M Mitchison
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
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217
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Bissonnette EY, Lauzon-Joset JF, Debley JS, Ziegler SF. Cross-Talk Between Alveolar Macrophages and Lung Epithelial Cells is Essential to Maintain Lung Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583042. [PMID: 33178214 PMCID: PMC7593577 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The main function of the lung is to perform gas exchange while maintaining lung homeostasis despite environmental pathogenic and non-pathogenic elements contained in inhaled air. Resident cells must keep lung homeostasis and eliminate pathogens by inducing protective immune response and silently remove innocuous particles. Which lung cell type is crucial for this function is still subject to debate, with reports favoring either alveolar macrophages (AMs) or lung epithelial cells (ECs) including airway and alveolar ECs. AMs are the main immune cells in the lung in steady-state and their function is mainly to dampen inflammatory responses. In addition, they phagocytose inhaled particles and apoptotic cells and can initiate and resolve inflammatory responses to pathogens. Although AMs release a plethora of mediators that modulate immune responses, ECs also play an essential role as they are more than just a physical barrier. They produce anti-microbial peptides and can secrete a variety of mediators that can modulate immune responses and AM functions. Furthermore, ECs can maintain AMs in a quiescent state by expressing anti-inflammatory membrane proteins such as CD200. Thus, AMs and ECs are both very important to maintain lung homeostasis and have to coordinate their action to protect the organism against infection. Thus, AMs and lung ECs communicate with each other using different mechanisms including mediators, membrane glycoproteins and their receptors, gap junction channels, and extracellular vesicles. This review will revisit characteristics and functions of AMs and lung ECs as well as different communication mechanisms these cells utilize to maintain lung immune balance and response to pathogens. A better understanding of the cross-talk between AMs and lung ECs may help develop new therapeutic strategies for lung pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Y Bissonnette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Lauzon-Joset
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jason S Debley
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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218
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Kinloch NN, Shahid A, Ritchie G, Dong W, Lawson T, Montaner JSG, Romney MG, Stefanovic A, Matic N, Brumme CJ, Lowe CF, Brumme ZL, Leung V. Evaluation of Nasopharyngeal Swab Collection Techniques for Nucleic Acid Recovery and Participant Experience: Recommendations for COVID-19 Diagnostics. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa488. [PMID: 33235889 PMCID: PMC7665666 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal swabs are critical to the diagnosis of respiratory infections including coronavirus disease 2019, but collection techniques vary. We compared 2 recommended nasopharyngeal swab collection techniques in adult volunteers and found that swab rotation following nasopharyngeal contact did not recover additional nucleic acid (as measured by human DNA/RNA copy number). Rotation was also less tolerable for participants. Notably, both discomfort and nucleic acid recovery were significantly higher in Asian participants, consistent with nasal anatomy differences. Our results suggest that it is unnecessary to rotate the swab in place following contact with the nasopharynx and reveal that procedural discomfort levels can differ by ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie N Kinloch
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aniqa Shahid
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gordon Ritchie
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Winnie Dong
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tanya Lawson
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julio S G Montaner
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marc G Romney
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Stefanovic
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nancy Matic
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chanson J Brumme
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher F Lowe
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zabrina L Brumme
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Victor Leung
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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219
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Riva L, Yuan S, Yin X, Martin-Sancho L, Matsunaga N, Pache L, Burgstaller-Muehlbacher S, De Jesus PD, Teriete P, Hull MV, Chang MW, Chan JFW, Cao J, Poon VKM, Herbert KM, Cheng K, Nguyen TTH, Rubanov A, Pu Y, Nguyen C, Choi A, Rathnasinghe R, Schotsaert M, Miorin L, Dejosez M, Zwaka TP, Sit KY, Martinez-Sobrido L, Liu WC, White KM, Chapman ME, Lendy EK, Glynne RJ, Albrecht R, Ruppin E, Mesecar AD, Johnson JR, Benner C, Sun R, Schultz PG, Su AI, García-Sastre A, Chatterjee AK, Yuen KY, Chanda SK. Discovery of SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drugs through large-scale compound repurposing. Nature 2020; 586:113-119. [PMID: 32707573 PMCID: PMC7603405 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 has triggered an ongoing global pandemic of the severe pneumonia-like disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)1. The development of a vaccine is likely to take at least 12-18 months, and the typical timeline for approval of a new antiviral therapeutic agent can exceed 10 years. Thus, repurposing of known drugs could substantially accelerate the deployment of new therapies for COVID-19. Here we profiled a library of drugs encompassing approximately 12,000 clinical-stage or Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved small molecules to identify candidate therapeutic drugs for COVID-19. We report the identification of 100 molecules that inhibit viral replication of SARS-CoV-2, including 21 drugs that exhibit dose-response relationships. Of these, thirteen were found to harbour effective concentrations commensurate with probable achievable therapeutic doses in patients, including the PIKfyve kinase inhibitor apilimod2-4 and the cysteine protease inhibitors MDL-28170, Z LVG CHN2, VBY-825 and ONO 5334. Notably, MDL-28170, ONO 5334 and apilimod were found to antagonize viral replication in human pneumocyte-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, and apilimod also demonstrated antiviral efficacy in a primary human lung explant model. Since most of the molecules identified in this study have already advanced into the clinic, their known pharmacological and human safety profiles will enable accelerated preclinical and clinical evaluation of these drugs for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Riva
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Martin-Sancho
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Naoko Matsunaga
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lars Pache
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Burgstaller-Muehlbacher
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul D De Jesus
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter Teriete
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Max W Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianli Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincent Kwok-Man Poon
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kristina M Herbert
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kuoyuan Cheng
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Andrey Rubanov
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Pu
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Courtney Nguyen
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Angela Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Raveen Rathnasinghe
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Miorin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marion Dejosez
- Huffington Foundation Center for Cell-based Research in Parkinson's Disease, Department for Cell, Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas P Zwaka
- Huffington Foundation Center for Cell-based Research in Parkinson's Disease, Department for Cell, Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ko-Yung Sit
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kris M White
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mackenzie E Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Emma K Lendy
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Randy Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew D Mesecar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Benner
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ren Sun
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrew I Su
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sumit K Chanda
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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220
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Singh M, Bansal V, Feschotte C. A Single-Cell RNA Expression Map of Human Coronavirus Entry Factors. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108175. [PMID: 32946807 PMCID: PMC7470764 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To predict the tropism of human coronaviruses, we profile 28 SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus-associated receptors and factors (SCARFs) using single-cell transcriptomics across various healthy human tissues. SCARFs include cellular factors both facilitating and restricting viral entry. Intestinal goblet cells, enterocytes, and kidney proximal tubule cells appear highly permissive to SARS-CoV-2, consistent with clinical data. Our analysis also predicts non-canonical entry paths for lung and brain infections. Spermatogonial cells and prostate endocrine cells also appear to be permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting male-specific vulnerabilities. Both pro- and anti-viral factors are highly expressed within the nasal epithelium, with potential age-dependent variation, predicting an important battleground for coronavirus infection. Our analysis also suggests that early embryonic and placental development are at moderate risk of infection. Lastly, SCARF expression appears broadly conserved across a subset of primate organs examined. Our study establishes a resource for investigations of coronavirus biology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvendra Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Vikas Bansal
- Biomedical Data Science and Machine Learning Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Cédric Feschotte
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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221
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Barrantes FJ. Central Nervous System Targets and Routes for SARS-CoV-2: Current Views and New Hypotheses. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2793-2803. [PMID: 32845609 PMCID: PMC7460807 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic unfolds, neurological signs and symptoms reflect the involvement of targets beyond the primary lung effects. The etiological agent of COVID-19, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), exhibits neurotropism for central and peripheral nervous systems. Various infective mechanisms and paths can be exploited by the virus to reach the central nervous system, some of which bypass the blood-brain barrier; others alter its integrity. Numerous studies have established beyond doubt that the membrane-bound metalloprotease angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) performs the role of SARS-CoV-2 host-cell receptor. Histochemical studies and more recently transcriptomics of mRNA have dissected the cellular localization of the ACE2 enzyme in various tissues, including the central nervous system. Epithelial cells lining the nasal mucosae, the upper respiratory tract, and the oral cavity, bronchoalveolar cells type II in the pulmonary parenchyma, and intestinal enterocytes display ACE2 binding sites at their cell surfaces, making these epithelial mucosae the most likely viral entry points. Neuronal and glial cells and endothelial cells in the central nervous system also express ACE2. This short review analyzes the known entry points and routes followed by the SARS-CoV-2 to reach the central nervous system and postulates new hypothetical pathways stemming from the enterocytes lining the intestinal lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Barrantes
- Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED),
UCA-CONICET, Av. Alicia Moreau de
Justo 1600, C1107AFF Buenos Aires, Argentina
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222
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Barnett BP, Wahlin K, Krawczyk M, Spencer D, Welsbie D, Afshari N, Chao D. Potential of Ocular Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A Review. Vision (Basel) 2020; 4:vision4030040. [PMID: 32883010 PMCID: PMC7559808 DOI: 10.3390/vision4030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW to provide a prospective on the current mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 enters cells and replicates, and its implications for ocular transmission. The literature was analyzed to understand ocular transmission as well as molecular mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 enters cells and replicates. Analysis of gene expression profiles from available datasets, published immunohistochemistry, as well as current literature was reviewed, to assess the likelihood that ocular inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 results in systemic infection. RECENT FINDINGS The ocular surface and retina have the necessary proteins, Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2), CD147, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Cathepsin L (CTSL) necessary to be infected with SARS-CoV-2. In addition to direct ocular infection, virus carried by tears through the nasolacrimal duct to nasal epithelium represent a means of ocular inoculation. SUMMARY There is evidence that SARS-CoV-2 may either directly infect cells on the ocular surface, or virus can be carried by tears through the nasolacrimal duct to infect the nasal or gastrointestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad P. Barnett
- NVISION Eye Centers—South Sacramento, 7501 Hospital Dr. Suite 105, Sacramento, CA 95823, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-6423-4040; Fax: +91-6689-2100
| | - Karl Wahlin
- Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (K.W.); (M.K.); (D.S.); (D.W.); (N.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Michal Krawczyk
- Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (K.W.); (M.K.); (D.S.); (D.W.); (N.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Doran Spencer
- Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (K.W.); (M.K.); (D.S.); (D.W.); (N.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Derek Welsbie
- Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (K.W.); (M.K.); (D.S.); (D.W.); (N.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Natalie Afshari
- Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (K.W.); (M.K.); (D.S.); (D.W.); (N.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniel Chao
- Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (K.W.); (M.K.); (D.S.); (D.W.); (N.A.); (D.C.)
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