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IL-1β as mucosal vaccine adjuvant: the specific induction of tissue-resident memory T cells improves the heterosubtypic immunity against influenza A viruses. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1265-1278. [PMID: 29545648 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A universal influenza vaccine must provide protection against antigenically divergent influenza viruses either through broadly neutralizing antibodies or cross-reactive T cells. Here, intranasal immunizations with recombinant adenoviral vectors (rAd) encoding hemagglutinin (HA) and nucleoprotein (NP) in combination with rAd-Interleukin-(IL)-1β or rAd-IL-18 were evaluated for their efficacy in BALB/c mice. Mucosal delivery of rAd-IL-1β enhanced HA-specific antibody responses including strain-specific neutralizing antibodies. Nevertheless, the beneficial effects on the local T cell responses were much more impressive reflected by increased numbers of CD103+CD69+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM). This increased immunogenicity translated into superior protection against infections with homologous and heterologous strains including H1N1, pH1N1, H3N2, and H7N7. Inhibition of the egress of circulating T cells out of the lymph nodes during the heterologous infection had no impact on the degree of protection underscoring the unique potential of TRM for the local containment of mucosal infections. The local co-expression of IL-1β and antigen lead to the activation of critical checkpoints in the formation of TRM including activation of epithelial cells, expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules, recruitment of lung-derived CD103+ DCs, and finally local TRM imprinting. Given the importance of TRM-mediated protection at mucosal barriers, this study has major implications for vaccine development.
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Zhang C, Zeng W, Yao Y, Xu B, Wei X, Wang L, Yin X, Barman AK, Zhang F, Zhang C, Song Q, Liang W. Naringenin Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Lung Injury by Lowering IL-1 β Level. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 366:341-348. [PMID: 29866791 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.248807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is the main complication of radiotherapy for thoracic malignancies. Since naringenin, a potent immune-modulator, has been found to relieve bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis by restoring the balance of disordered cytokines, we sought to determine whether naringenin would mitigate RILI and to investigate the underlying mechanism. Animals received fractionated irradiation in the thoracic area to induce RILI. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and MILLIPLEX assays were used for serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for cytokine analyses, hematoxylin and eosin staining for pathologic changes, and Masson trichrome staining for determination of lung fibrosis. Interleukin (IL)-1β was found significantly elevated after thoracic irradiation and it triggered production of profibrotic tumor growth factor β both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting the vital role of in IL-1β in the development of RILI. Furthermore, we found that naringenin was able to ameliorate RILI through downregulation of IL-1β and restoration of the homeostasis of inflammatory factors. Our results demonstrated that naringenin could serve as a potent immune-modulator to ameliorate RILI. More importantly, we suggest that a new complementary strategy of maintaining the homeostasis of inflammatory factors combined with radiation could improve the efficacy of thoracic radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., W.Z., X.W., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B., F.Z., Chu.Z., W.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B.); and Department of Oncology I (Y.Y., B.X., Q.S.) and Cancer Center (Y.Y., Q.S.), Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenfeng Zeng
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., W.Z., X.W., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B., F.Z., Chu.Z., W.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B.); and Department of Oncology I (Y.Y., B.X., Q.S.) and Cancer Center (Y.Y., Q.S.), Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Yao
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., W.Z., X.W., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B., F.Z., Chu.Z., W.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B.); and Department of Oncology I (Y.Y., B.X., Q.S.) and Cancer Center (Y.Y., Q.S.), Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., W.Z., X.W., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B., F.Z., Chu.Z., W.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B.); and Department of Oncology I (Y.Y., B.X., Q.S.) and Cancer Center (Y.Y., Q.S.), Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuli Wei
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., W.Z., X.W., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B., F.Z., Chu.Z., W.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B.); and Department of Oncology I (Y.Y., B.X., Q.S.) and Cancer Center (Y.Y., Q.S.), Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Luoyang Wang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., W.Z., X.W., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B., F.Z., Chu.Z., W.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B.); and Department of Oncology I (Y.Y., B.X., Q.S.) and Cancer Center (Y.Y., Q.S.), Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaozhe Yin
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., W.Z., X.W., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B., F.Z., Chu.Z., W.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B.); and Department of Oncology I (Y.Y., B.X., Q.S.) and Cancer Center (Y.Y., Q.S.), Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Apurba Kumar Barman
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., W.Z., X.W., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B., F.Z., Chu.Z., W.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B.); and Department of Oncology I (Y.Y., B.X., Q.S.) and Cancer Center (Y.Y., Q.S.), Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Fayun Zhang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., W.Z., X.W., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B., F.Z., Chu.Z., W.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B.); and Department of Oncology I (Y.Y., B.X., Q.S.) and Cancer Center (Y.Y., Q.S.), Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., W.Z., X.W., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B., F.Z., Chu.Z., W.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B.); and Department of Oncology I (Y.Y., B.X., Q.S.) and Cancer Center (Y.Y., Q.S.), Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Qibin Song
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., W.Z., X.W., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B., F.Z., Chu.Z., W.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B.); and Department of Oncology I (Y.Y., B.X., Q.S.) and Cancer Center (Y.Y., Q.S.), Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., W.Z., X.W., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B., F.Z., Chu.Z., W.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Cha.Z., L.W., X.Y., A.K.B.); and Department of Oncology I (Y.Y., B.X., Q.S.) and Cancer Center (Y.Y., Q.S.), Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
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Oleanolic acid acetate attenuates polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2018; 252-253:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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204
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Chen C, Yang S, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Zhang SB, Wu B, Hong J, Zhang W, Lin J, Okunieff P, Zhang L. Triptolide mitigates radiation-induced pneumonitis via inhibition of alveolar macrophages and related inflammatory molecules. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45133-45142. [PMID: 28415830 PMCID: PMC5542172 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation-induced pulmonary injury is a major limitation of radiotherapy for thoracic tumors. We have demonstrated that triptolide (TPL) could alleviate IR-induced pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we explored the underlying mechanism by which TPL mitigates the effects of radiotoxicity. The results showed that: (1) Alveolar macrophages (AMs) were the primary inflammatory cells infiltrating irradiated lung tissues and were maintained at a high level for at least 17 days, which TPL could reduce by inhibiting of the production of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and its receptor CXCR2. (2) Stimulated by the co-cultured irradiated lung epithelium, AMs produced a panel of inflammative molecules (IMs), such as cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β) and chemokines (MIP-2, MCP-1, LIX). TPL-treated AMs could reduce the production of these IMs. Meanwhile, AMs isolated from irradiated lung tissue secreted significantly high levels of IMs, which could be dramatically reduced by TPL. (3) TPL suppressed the phagocytosis of AMs as well as ROS production. Our results indicate that TPL mitigates radiation-induced pulmonary inflammation through the inhibition of the infiltration, IM secretion, and phagocytosis of AMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China 350122
| | - Shanmin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Zhenhuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Steven B Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Bing Wu
- Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy and Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China 350005
| | - Jinsheng Hong
- Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy and Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China 350005
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy and Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China 350005
| | - Jianhua Lin
- Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy and Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China 350005
| | - Paul Okunieff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.,Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy and Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China 350005
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205
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Amicone L, Marchetti A. Microenvironment and tumor cells: two targets for new molecular therapies of hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3:24. [PMID: 29971255 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2018.04.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is one of the most frequent human cancer and is characterized by a high mortality rate. The aggressiveness appears strictly related to the liver pathological background on which cancer develops. Inflammation and the consequent fibro/cirrhosis, derived from chronic injuries of several origins (viral, toxic and metabolic) and observable in almost all oncological patients, represents the most powerful risk factor for HCC and, at the same time, an important obstacle to the efficacy of systemic therapy. Multiple microenvironmental cues, indeed, play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis, evolution and recurrence of HCC as well as in the resistance to standard therapies observed in most of patients. The identification of altered pathways in cancer cells and of microenvironmental changes, strictly connected in pathogenic feedback loop, may permit to plan new therapeutic approaches targeting tumor cells and their permissive microenvironment, simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Amicone
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marchetti
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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206
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Shimodaira T, Matsuda K, Uchibori T, Sugano M, Uehara T, Honda T. Upregulation of osteopontin expression via the interaction of macrophages and fibroblasts under IL-1b stimulation. Cytokine 2018; 110:63-69. [PMID: 29704820 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrosis is attributed to dysregulation of tissue-remodeling. In remodeling areas, fibroblasts and macrophages actively make contact with each other. Osteopontin (OPN) is a pro-fibrotic molecule, whose expression is upregulated by interleukin (IL)-1β via secretion of its downstream cytokines, such as IL-6. Here, we investigated the effect of interaction between fibroblasts and macrophages under IL-1β stimulation on the expression of OPN. METHODS We used human lung fibroblasts and THP-1 macrophages differentiated from THP-1 cells using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. These cells were either cultured alone or co-cultured under IL-1β stimulation. Secretion of OPN and IL-6 were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and mRNA expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. The effects of siRNA against IL-6 or OPN on OPN expression were evaluated. RESULTS OPN expression increased when fibroblasts and THP-1 macrophages were co-cultured under IL-1β stimulation. The siRNA against IL-6 in fibroblasts suppressed the upregulation of OPN expression during co-culture, whereas siRNA against IL-6 in THP-1 macrophages did not. The upregulation of expression of OPN mRNA in fibroblasts or THP-1 macrophages when co-cultured under IL-1β stimulation was mediated by IL-6 from fibroblasts. OPN from THP-1 macrophages was involved in the increase of OPN expression in fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed the crosstalk between fibroblasts and THP-1 macrophages under IL-1β stimulation, where IL-6 from fibroblasts, stimulated by IL-1β, upregulated OPN expression in fibroblasts themselves via increase in OPN from THP-1 macrophages. The fibroblasts/macrophages network may induce activation or qualitative changes in both cells, which contributes to inflammation-associated fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shimodaira
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsuda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Uchibori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Sugano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Honda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
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207
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Wang H, Xue K, Li P, Yang Y, He Z, Zhang W, Zhang W, Tang B. In Vivo Two-Photon Fluorescence Imaging of the Activity of the Inflammatory Biomarker LTA4H in a Mouse Pneumonia Model. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6020-6027. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Xue
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuyun Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixu He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
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208
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Habiel DM, Espindola MS, Coelho AL, Hogaboam CM. Modeling Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Humanized Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:891-903. [PMID: 29378172 PMCID: PMC5954978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fibrotic lung disease of unknown etiopathogenesis with limited therapeutic options. IPF is characterized by an abundance of fibroblasts and loss of epithelial progenitors, which cumulates in unrelenting fibrotic lung remodeling and loss of normal oxygenation. IPF has been challenging to model in rodents; nonetheless, mouse models of lung fibrosis provide clues as to the natural progression of lung injury and remodeling, but many have not been useful in predicting efficacy of therapeutics in clinical IPF. We provide a detailed methodologic description of various iterations of humanized mouse models, initiated by the i.v. injection of cells from IPF lung biopsy or explants specimens into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)/beige or nonobese diabetic SCID γ mice. Unlike cells from normal lung samples, IPF cells promote persistent, nonresolving lung remodeling in SCID mice. Finally, we provide examples and discuss potential advantages and pitfalls of human-specific targeting approaches in a humanized SCID model of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Habiel
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Milena S Espindola
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ana L Coelho
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Cory M Hogaboam
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
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209
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Wang X, Yan J, Xu X, Duan C, Xie Z, Su Z, Ma H, Ma H, Wei X, Du X. Puerarin prevents LPS-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting inflammatory response. Microb Pathog 2018; 118:170-176. [PMID: 29571724 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a critical illness syndrome with high morbidity and mortality in patients. Inflammation has been known to be involved in the development of ALI. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of puerarin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice. The pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were determined by ELISA. Western blot analysis was used for detecting the expression of NF-κB, IκBα, and LXRα. And myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio, and histopathological examination were also detected in lung tissues. The results showed that puerarin significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated MPO activity in lung tissues. Meanwhile, puerarin attenuated lung histopathological changes and lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio. We also found that the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were inhibited by puerarin. Puerarin also inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells and IL-8 in A549 cells. From the results of western blotting, puerarin significantly suppressed LPS-stimulated NF-κB activation. And the expression of LXRα was dose-dependently increased by treatment of puerarin. The inhibition of puerarin on TNF-α production in RAW264.7 cells and IL-8 production in A549 cells were blocked by LXRα inhibitor geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). These results suggested that puerarin attenuated ALI by activating LXRα, which subsequently inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Management, Jilin, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Jinjun Yan
- The General Hospital of FAW, Department of Anesthesiology, Jilin, Changchun, 130011, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Graduate School, Jilin, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Chunyan Duan
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Management, Jilin, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Zheng Xie
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Management, Jilin, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Zheqian Su
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Management, Jilin, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Management, Jilin, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Management, Jilin, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Management, Jilin, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xiaochun Du
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Management, Jilin, Changchun, 130117, China.
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210
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Hosseinzadeh A, Javad-Moosavi SA, Reiter RJ, Hemati K, Ghaznavi H, Mehrzadi S. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) signaling pathways and protective roles of melatonin. Life Sci 2018; 201:17-29. [PMID: 29567077 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by the progressive loss of lung function due to tissue scarring. A variety of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic factors including interleukin‑17A, transforming growth factor β, Wnt/β‑catenin, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factors, endotelin‑1, renin angiotensin system and impaired caveolin‑1 function are involved in the IPF pathogenesis. Current therapies for IPF have some limitations and this highlights the need for effective therapeutic agents to treat this fatal disease. Melatonin and its metabolites are broad-spectrum antioxidants that not only remove reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by radical scavenging but also up-regulate the expression and activity of endogenous antioxidants. Via these actions, melatonin and its metabolites modulate a variety of molecular pathways in different pathophysiological conditions. Herein, we review the signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of IPF and the potentially protective effects of melatonin on these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Karim Hemati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anesthesiology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang A, Pan W, Lv J, Wu H. Protective Effect of Amygdalin on LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting NF-κB and NLRP3 Signaling Pathways. Inflammation 2018; 40:745-751. [PMID: 28303417 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The acute lung injury (ALI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Amygdalin is derived from the bitter apricot kernel, an efficacious Chinese herbal medicine. Although amygdalin is used by many cancer patients as an antitumor agent, there is no report about the effect of amygdalin on acute lung injury. Here we explored the protective effect of amygdalin on ALI using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine model by detecting the lung wet/dry ratio, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung tissues, inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), inflammatory cytokines production, as well as NLRP3 and NF-κB signaling pathways. The results showed that amygdalin significantly reduced LPS-induced infiltration of inflammatory cells and the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the BALF. The activity of MPO and lung wet/dry ratio were also attenuated by amygdalin. Furthermore, the western blotting analysis showed that amygdalin remarkably inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB and NLRP3 activation. These findings indicate that amygdalin has a protective effect on LPS-induced ALI in mice. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Weiyun Pan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Juan Lv
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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212
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Artlett CM. The IL-1 family of cytokines. Do they have a role in scleroderma fibrosis? Immunol Lett 2018; 195:30-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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213
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Chenodeoxycholic acid activates NLRP3 inflammasome and contributes to cholestatic liver fibrosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83951-83963. [PMID: 27924062 PMCID: PMC5356637 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids in the liver contributes to cholestatic liver injury. Inflammation induced by excessive bile acids is believed to play a crucial role, however, the mechanisms of bile acids triggered inflammatory response remain unclear. Recent studies have highlighted the effect of NLRP3 inflammasome in mediating liver inflammation and fibrosis. In this study, we for the first time showed that chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), the major hydrophobic primary bile acid involved in cholestatic liver injury, could dose-dependently induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine-IL-1β in macrophages by promoting ROS production and K+ efflux. Mechanistically, CDCA triggered ROS formation in part through TGR5/EGFR downstream signaling, including protein kinase B, extracellular regulated protein kinases and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways. Meanwhile, CDCA also induced ATP release from macrophages which subsequently causes K+ efflux via P2X7 receptor. Furthermore, in vivo inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome with caspase-1 inhibitor dramatically decreased mature IL-1β level of liver tissue and ameliorated liver fibrosis in bile duct ligation (BDL) mouse model. In conclusion, excessive CDCA may represent an endogenous danger signal to activate NLRP3 inflammasome and initiate liver inflammation during cholestasis. Our finding offers a mechanistic basis to ameliorate cholestatic liver fibrosis by targeting inflammasome activation.
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214
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Antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity of budesonide against human rhinovirus infection mediated via autophagy activation. Antiviral Res 2018; 151:87-96. [PMID: 29407486 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human rhinovirus (HRV) infection causes more than 80% of all common colds and is associated with severe complications in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To identify antiviral drug against HRV infection, we screened 800 FDA-approved drugs and found budesonide as one of the possible drug candidates. Budesonide is a corticosteroid, which is commonly used to prevent exacerbation of asthma and symptoms of common cold. Budesonide specifically protects host cells from cytotoxicity following HRV infection, which depend on the expression of glucocorticoid receptor. Intranasal administration of budesonide lowered the pulmonary HRV load and the levels of IL-1β cytokine leading to decreased lung inflammation. Budesonide regulates IL-1β production following HRV infection independent of inflammasome activation. Instead, budesonide induces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species followed by activation of autophagy. Further, the inhibition of autophagy following chloroquine or bafilomycin A1 treatment reduced the anti-viral effect of budesonide against HRV, suggesting that the antiviral activity of budesonide was mediated via autophagy. The results suggest that budesonide represents a promising antiviral and anti-inflammatory drug candidate for the treatment of human rhinovirus infection.
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215
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Gibbs-Flournoy EA, Gilmour MI, Higuchi M, Jetter J, George I, Copeland L, Harrison R, Moser VC, Dye JA. Differential exposure and acute health impacts of inhaled solid-fuel emissions from rudimentary and advanced cookstoves in female CD-1 mice. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 161:35-48. [PMID: 29100208 PMCID: PMC6143295 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an urgent need to provide access to cleaner end user energy technologies for the nearly 40% of the world's population who currently depend on rudimentary cooking and heating systems. Advanced cookstoves (CS) are designed to cut emissions and solid-fuel consumption, thus reducing adverse human health and environmental impacts. STUDY PREMISE We hypothesized that, compared to a traditional (Tier 0) three-stone (3-S) fire, acute inhalation of solid-fuel emissions from advanced natural-draft (ND; Tier 2) or forced-draft (FD; Tier 3) stoves would reduce exposure biomarkers and lessen pulmonary and innate immune system health effects in exposed mice. RESULTS Across two simulated cooking cycles (duration ~ 3h), emitted particulate mass concentrations were reduced 80% and 62% by FD and ND stoves, respectively, compared to the 3-S fire; with corresponding decreases in particles visible within murine alveolar macrophages. Emitted carbon monoxide was reduced ~ 90% and ~ 60%, respectively. Only 3-S-fire-exposed mice had increased carboxyhemoglobin levels. Emitted volatile organic compounds were FD ≪ 3-S-fire ≤ ND stove; increased expression of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism (COX-2, NQO1, CYP1a1) was detected only in ND- and 3-S-fire-exposed mice. Diminished macrophage phagocytosis was observed in the ND group. Lung glutathione was significantly depleted across all CS groups, however the FD group had the most severe, ongoing oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with reports associating exposure to solid fuel stove emissions with modulation of the innate immune system and increased susceptibility to infection. Lower respiratory infections continue to be a leading cause of death in low-income economies. Notably, 3-S-fire-exposed mice were the only group to develop acute lung injury, possibly because they inhaled the highest concentrations of hazardous air toxicants (e.g., 1,3-butadiene, toluene, benzene, acrolein) in association with the greatest number of particles, and particles with the highest % organic carbon. However, no Tier 0-3 ranked CS group was without some untoward health effect indicating that access to still cleaner, ideally renewable, energy technologies for cooking and heating is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- National Health and Environmental Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Mark Higuchi
- National Health and Environmental Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - James Jetter
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL), Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Ingrid George
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL), Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Lisa Copeland
- National Health and Environmental Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Randy Harrison
- National Health and Environmental Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Virginia C Moser
- National Health and Environmental Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Janice A Dye
- National Health and Environmental Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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216
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Villani F, Busia A, Villani M, Vismara C, Viviani S, Bonfante V. Serum Cytokine in Response to Chemo-Radiotherapy for Hodgkin's Disease. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 94:803-8. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160809400605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Background Mediastinal radiotherapy and multiple-drug chemotherapy, including bleomycin employed in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease, can produce lung toxicity leading to fibrosis. There is increasing evidence of the involvement in the fibrosing process of different cytokines and growth factors such as TNF-alfa, IL-1 beta, TGF-beta and PDGF. Material and Methods In a pilot study, we evaluated lung function in 20 patients suffering from Hodgkin's disease, mainly in stage II A, submitted to multiple-drug chemotherapy including bleomycin (ABVD) and mediastinal radiotherapy and correlated its modifications with serum concentration of the cytokines determined by immunoenzymatic assay. Spirometry and transfer lung function for carbon monoxide (DLCO) were performed before, at the end of chemotherapy, at the end of radiotherapy and after a follow-up of 6 and 12 months. Results DLCO decreased at the end of the combined treatment and then remained constantly decreased. TNF-alfa, TGF-beta and PDGF-alfa concentrations did not change, whereas IL-1 beta significantly increased after the completion of the combined treatment and after a follow-up of 6–months and then declined to normal values after 12 months. The serum concentration of the cytokine was significantly higher in patients who had a DLCO <75% of predicted after 1 year than in patients with a DLCO >75%. Conclusions The results indicate a potential role of IL-1 beta in the pathogenesis of chemoradiotherapy-induced lung toxicity, which needs to be confirmed in a larger patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Villani
- UO di Pneumologia e Fisiopatologia Respiratoria, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Busia
- UO di Pneumologia e Fisiopatologia Respiratoria, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Villani
- UO di Pneumologia e Fisiopatologia Respiratoria, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Vismara
- UO Analisi Clinica e Microbiologia, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Simonetta Viviani
- UO Oncologia Medica, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Bonfante
- UO Oncologia Medica, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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217
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Lam FW, Da Q, Guillory B, Cruz MA. Recombinant Human Vimentin Binds to P-Selectin and Blocks Neutrophil Capture and Rolling on Platelets and Endothelium. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:1718-1726. [PMID: 29335256 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium and platelets is an early step in the acute inflammatory response. The initial process is mediated through P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) on leukocytes binding to platelets adhered to endothelium and the endothelium itself via P-selectin. Although these interactions are generally beneficial, pathologic inflammation may occur in undesirable circumstances, such as in acute lung injury (ALI) and ischemia and reperfusion injury. Therefore, the development of novel therapies to attenuate inflammation may be beneficial. In this article, we describe the potential benefit of using a recombinant human vimentin (rhVim) on reducing human leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium and platelets under shear stress. The addition of rhVim to whole blood and isolated neutrophils decreased leukocyte adhesion to endothelial and platelet monolayers. Furthermore, rhVim blocked neutrophil adhesion to P-selectin-coated surfaces. Binding assays showed that rhVim binds specifically to P-selectin and not to its counterreceptor, PSGL-1. Finally, in an endotoxin model of ALI in C57BL/6J mice, treatment with rhVim significantly decreased histologic findings of ALI. These data suggest a potential role for rhVim in attenuating inflammation through blocking P-selectin-PSGL-1 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong W Lam
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030; .,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Qi Da
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Bobby Guillory
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Miguel A Cruz
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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218
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Groves AM, Johnston CJ, Williams JP, Finkelstein JN. Role of Infiltrating Monocytes in the Development of Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Radiat Res 2018; 189:300-311. [PMID: 29332538 DOI: 10.1667/rr14874.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lung exposure to radiation induces an injury response that includes the release of cytokines and chemotactic mediators; these signals recruit immune cells to execute inflammatory and wound-healing processes. However, radiation alters the pulmonary microenvironment, dysregulating the immune responses and preventing a return to homeostasis. Importantly, dysregulation is observed as a chronic inflammation, which can progress into pneumonitis and promote pulmonary fibrosis; inflammatory monocytes, which are bone marrow derived and express CCR2, have been shown to migrate into the lung after radiation exposure. Although the extent to which recruited inflammatory monocytes contribute to radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis has not been fully investigated, we hypothesize that its pathogenesis is reliant on this population. The CC chemokine ligand, CCL2, is a chemotactic mediator responsible for trafficking of CCR2+ inflammatory cells into the lung. Therefore, the contribution of this mediator to fibrosis development was analyzed. Interleukin (IL)-1β, a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed during the radiation response, and its receptor, IL-1R1, were also evaluated. To this end, CCR2-/-, IL-1β-/- and IL-1R1-/- chimeric mice were generated and exposed to 12.5 Gy thoracic radiation, and their response was compared to wild-type (C57BL/6) syngeneic controls. Fibrotic foci were observed in the periphery of the lungs of C57 syngeneic mice and CCR2-/- recipient mice that received C57 bone marrow (C57 > CCR2-/-) by 16 and 12 weeks after irradiation, respectively. In contrast, in the mice that had received bone marrow lacking CCR2 (CCR2-/- > C57 and CCR2-/- syngeneic mice), no pulmonary fibrosis was observed at 22 weeks postirradiation. This observation correlated with decreased numbers of infiltrating and interstitial macrophages compared to controls, as well as reduced proportions of pro-inflammatory Ly6C+ macrophages observed at 12-18 weeks postirradiation, suggesting that CCR2+ macrophages contribute to radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Interestingly, reduced proportions of CD206+ lung macrophages were also present at these time points in CCR2-/- chimeric mice, regardless of donor bone marrow type, suggesting that the phenotype of resident subsets may be influenced by CCR2. Furthermore, chimeras, in which either IL-1β was ablated from infiltrating cells or IL-1R1 from lung tissues, were also protected from fibrosis development, correlating with attenuated CCL2 production; these data suggest that IL-1β may influence chemotactic signaling after irradiation. Overall, our data suggest that CCR2+ infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages may play a critical role in the development of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Groves
- Department of a Pediatrics M&D Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Carl J Johnston
- Department of a Pediatrics M&D Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,b Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Jacqueline P Williams
- b Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Jacob N Finkelstein
- Department of a Pediatrics M&D Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,b Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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219
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Meng N, Xia M, Lu YQ, Wang M, Boini KM, Li PL, Tang WX. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in mouse hepatic stellate cells during Schistosoma J. infection. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39316-39331. [PMID: 27322427 PMCID: PMC5129935 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The major pathological changes during Schistosoma J. infection are characterized by granulomatous inflammation in the liver, a cellular immune response to schistosomal egg antigens. The molecular mechanisms initiating or promoting this schistosomal granulomatous inflammation remain poorly understood. In the present study, we first demonstrated that in mice infected with Schistosoma J. for 6 weeks exhibited increased levels of IL-1β in liver, a major product of NLRP3 inflammasomes and collagen deposition around the eosinophilic granuloma with Schistosoma J. eggs, which was substantially attenuated by caspase-1 inhibitor, YVAD. This activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome occurred in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), as shown by a marked increase in co-localization of IL-1β with HSCs marker, desmin. Using isolated, cultured mouse HSCs, we further explored the mechanisms by which soluble egg antigen (SEA) from Schistosoma J. activates NLRP3 inflammasomes. SEA induced the formation and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, which was associated with both redox regulation and lysosomal dysfunction, but not with potassium channel activation. These results suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome activation in HSCs may serve as an early mechanism to turn on the inflammatory response and thereby instigate liver fibrosis during Schistosoma J. infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Meng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Xia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ya-Qi Lu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Krishna M Boini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Wang-Xian Tang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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220
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Islam MS, Akhtar MM, Segars JH, Castellucci M, Ciarmela P. Molecular targets of dietary phytochemicals for possible prevention and therapy of uterine fibroids: Focus on fibrosis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3583-3600. [PMID: 28609115 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1245649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Uterine fibroids (myomas or leiomyomas) are common benign tumors of reproductive aged women. Fibroids are clinically apparent in 20-50% of women, and cause abnormal uterine bleeding, abdominal pain and discomfort, pregnancy complications and infertility. Unfortunately, limited numbers of medical treatment are available but no effective preventive strategies exist. Moreover, the benefits of medical treatments are tempered by lack of efficacy or serious adverse side effects. Fibrosis has recently been recognized as a key pathological event in leiomyoma development and growth. It is defined by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM plays important role in making bulk structure of leiomyoma, and ECM-rich rigid structure is believed to be a cause of abnormal bleeding and pelvic pain/pressure. Dietary phytochemicals are known to regulate fibrotic process in different biological systems, and being considered as potential tool to manage human health. At present, very few dietary phytochemicals have been studied in uterine leiomyoma, and they are mostly known for their antiproliferative effects. Therefore, in this review, our aim was to introduce some dietary phytochemicals that could target fibrotic processes in leiomyoma. Thus, this review could serve as useful resource to develop antifibrotic drugs for possible prevention and treatment of uterine fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Soriful Islam
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy.,b Biotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany , University of Rajshahi , Rajshahi , Bangladesh
| | - Most Mauluda Akhtar
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy.,c Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences , Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - James H Segars
- d Howard W. and Georgeanna Seegar Jones Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Mario Castellucci
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Pasquapina Ciarmela
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy.,e Department of Information Engineering , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
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221
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Jin M, Wang L, Wu Y, Zang BX, Tan L. Protective effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A on bleomycin- induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in rats. Chin J Integr Med 2018; 24:32-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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222
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are large innate cytoplasmic complexes that play a major role in promoting inflammation in the lung in response to a range of environmental and infectious stimuli. Inflammasomes are critical for driving acute innate immune responses that resolve infection and maintain tissue homeostasis. However, dysregulated or excessive inflammasome activation can be detrimental. Here, we discuss the plethora of recent data from clinical studies and small animal disease models that implicate excessive inflammasome responses in the pathogenesis of a number of acute and chronic respiratory inflammatory diseases. Understanding of the role of inflammasomes in lung disease is of great therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleela M Ruwanpura
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Rosli
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle D Tate
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Molecular Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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223
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Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a debilitating disease and is often fatal. It may be the consequence of direct lung injury or the result of genetic defects and occupational, environmental, or drug-related exposures. In many cases the etiology is unknown. The pathogenesis of all forms of pulmonary fibrosis regardless of type of injury or etiology is incompletely understood. These disorders are characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix in the lung interstitium with a loss of lung compliance and impaired gas exchange that ultimately leads to respiratory failure. Animal models of pulmonary fibrosis have become indispensable in the improved understanding of these disorders. Multiple models have been developed each with advantages and disadvantages. In this chapter we discuss the application of two of the most commonly employed direct lung instillation models, namely, the induction of pulmonary fibrosis with bleomycin or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). We provide details on design, materials, and methods and describe how these models can be best undertaken. We also discuss methods to induce fibrosis in aged mice using murine gamma-herpesvirus (γHV-68) and approaches to exacerbate bleomycin- or FITC-induced fibrosis using γHV-68.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N O'Dwyer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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224
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Cordero MD, Alcocer-Gómez E. Inflammasome in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Diseases. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2018; 108:111-151. [PMID: 30536170 PMCID: PMC7123416 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89390-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lung diseases are common and significant causes of illness and death around the world. Inflammasomes have emerged as an important regulator of lung diseases. The important role of IL-1 beta and IL-18 in the inflammatory response of many lung diseases has been elucidated. The cleavage to turn IL-1 beta and IL-18 from their precursors into the active forms is tightly regulated by inflammasomes. In this chapter, we structurally review current evidence of inflammasome-related components in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic lung diseases, focusing on the "inflammasome-caspase-1-IL-1 beta/IL-18" axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario D. Cordero
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Armilla, Spain
| | - Elísabet Alcocer-Gómez
- Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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225
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Gan W, Ren J, Li T, Lv S, Li C, Liu Z, Yang M. The SGK1 inhibitor EMD638683, prevents Angiotensin II–induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis by blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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226
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Mattoo H, Stone JH, Pillai S. Clonally expanded cytotoxic CD4 + T cells and the pathogenesis of IgG4-related disease. Autoimmunity 2017; 50:19-24. [PMID: 28166682 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2017.1280029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic condition of unknown cause characterized by highly fibrotic lesions, with dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates containing a preponderance of IgG4-expressing plasma cells. CD4+ T cells and B cells constitute the major inflammatory cell populations in IgG4-RD lesions. IgG4-RD patients with active, untreated disease show a marked expansion of plasmablasts in the circulation. Although the therapeutic depletion of B cells suggests a role for these cells in the disease, a direct role for B cells or IgG4 in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD is yet to be demonstrated. Among the CD4+ T-cell subsets, Th2 cells were initially thought to contribute to IgG4-RD pathogenesis, but many previous studies were confounded by the concomitant history of allergic diseases in the patients studied and the failure to use multi-color staining to definitively identify T-cell subsets in tissue samples. More recently, using an unbiased approach to characterize CD4+ T-cell subsets in patients with IgG4-RD - based on their clonal expansion and ability to infiltrate affected tissue sites - CD4+ CTLs have been identified as the major CD4+ T-cell subset in disease lesions as well as in the circulation. CD4+ CTLs in affected tissues secrete pro-fibrotic cytokines including IL-1β, TGF-β1, and IFN-γ as well as cytolytic molecules such as perforin and granzymes A and B. In this review, we examine possible mechanisms by which activated B cells and plasmablasts may collaborate with the expanded CD4+ CTLs in driving the fibrotic pathology of the disease and describe the lacunae in the field and in our understanding of IgG4-RD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mattoo
- a Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - John H Stone
- a Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Shiv Pillai
- a Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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227
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Wujak L, Schnieder J, Schaefer L, Wygrecka M. LRP1: A chameleon receptor of lung inflammation and repair. Matrix Biol 2017; 68-69:366-381. [PMID: 29262309 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The lung displays a remarkable capability to regenerate following injury. Considerable effort has been made thus far to understand the cardinal processes underpinning inflammation and reconstruction of lung tissue. However, the factors determining the resolution or persistence of inflammation and efficient wound healing or aberrant remodeling remain largely unknown. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is an endocytic/signaling cell surface receptor which controls cellular and molecular mechanisms driving the physiological and pathological inflammatory reactions and tissue remodeling in several organs. In this review, we will discuss the impact of LRP1 on the consecutive steps of the inflammatory response and its role in the balanced tissue repair and aberrant remodeling in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Wujak
- Department of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schnieder
- Department of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Goethe University School of Medicine, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.
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228
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Effects of S-Nitroso-N-Acetyl-Penicillamine (SNAP) on Inflammation, Lung Tissue Apoptosis and iNOS Activity in a Rabbit Model of Acute Lung Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 935:13-23. [PMID: 27334732 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury is characterized by lung edema, surfactant dysfunction, and inflammation. The main goal of our study was to evaluate effects of S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) on migration of cells into the lung and their activation, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity, and apoptosis in experimental acute lung injury (ALI) in rabbits. ALI was induced by repetitive lung lavage with saline. The animals were divided into the following groups: (1) ALI without therapy, (2) lung injury treated with SNAP (ALI + SNAP), and (3) healthy animals (Control). After 5 h of ventilation, total and differential counts of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were assessed. Concentrations of interleukins (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and IL-8, endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (esRAGE), sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR)3, caspase-3, and mRNA expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in lung tissue and nitrite/nitrate in plasma were analyzed. In the right lung, apoptotic cells were evaluated by TUNEL assay. In the animals with ALI, higher counts of cells, mainly neutrophils, in BALF and increased production of pro-inflammatory substances were observed compared with controls. SNAP therapy reduced a leak of cells into the lung and decreased concentrations of pro-inflammatory and apoptotic markers, reduced mRNA expression of iNOS, and decreased apoptotic index in the lung.
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229
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Ishikawa S, Ishimori K, Ito S. A 3D epithelial-mesenchymal co-culture model of human bronchial tissue recapitulates multiple features of airway tissue remodeling by TGF-β1 treatment. Respir Res 2017; 18:195. [PMID: 29166920 PMCID: PMC5700468 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The collagen gel contraction assay measures gel size to assess the contraction of cells embedded in collagen gel matrices. Using the assay with lung fibroblasts is useful in studying the lung tissue remodeling process in wound healing and disease development. However, the involvement of bronchial epithelial cells in this process should also be investigated. METHODS We applied a layer of mucociliary differentiated bronchial epithelial cells onto collagen gel matrices with lung fibroblasts. This co-culture model enables direct contact between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. We stimulated the culture with transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 as an inducer of tissue remodeling for 21 days, and measured gel size, histological changes, and expression of factors related to extracellular matrix homeostasis. RESULTS TGF-β1 exerted a concentration-dependent effect on collagen gel contraction and on contractile myofibroblasts in the mesenchymal collagen layer. TGF-β1 also induced expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin in the basal layer of the epithelium, suggesting the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In addition, the expression of various genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins was upregulated. Fibrotic tenascin-C accumulated in the sub-epithelial region of the co-culture model. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that TGF-β1 can affect both epithelial and mesenchymal cells, and induce gel contraction and structural changes. Our novel in vitro co-culture model will be a useful tool for investigating the roles of epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and their interactions in the airway remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinkichi Ishikawa
- Scientific Product Assessment Center, R&D Group, Japan Tobacco Inc., 6-2 Umegaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8512, Japan.
| | - Kanae Ishimori
- Scientific Product Assessment Center, R&D Group, Japan Tobacco Inc., 6-2 Umegaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8512, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Ito
- Scientific Product Assessment Center, R&D Group, Japan Tobacco Inc., 6-2 Umegaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8512, Japan
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230
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Liu W, Zhu H, Fang H. Propofol Potentiates Sevoflurane-Induced Inhibition of Nuclear Factor--κB-Mediated Inflammatory Responses and Regulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Pathways via Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Am J Med Sci 2017; 354:493-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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231
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Li C, Lu Y, Du S, Li S, Zhang Y, Liu F, Chen Y, Weng D, Chen J. Dioscin Exerts Protective Effects Against Crystalline Silica-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice. Theranostics 2017; 7:4255-4275. [PMID: 29158824 PMCID: PMC5695011 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of crystalline silica particles leads to pulmonary fibrosis, eventually resulting in respiratory failure and death. There are few effective drugs that can delay the progression of this disease; thus, patients with silicosis are usually only offered supportive care. Dioscin, a steroidal saponin, exhibits many biological activities and health benefits including its protective effects against hepatic fibrosis. However, the effect of dioscin on silicosis is unknown. Methods: We employed experimental mouse mode of silicosis. Different doses of dioscin were gavaged to the animals 1 day after crystalline silica instillation to see the effect of dioscin on crystalline silica induced pulmonary fibrosis. Also, we used RAW264.7 and NIH-3T3 cell lines to explore dioscin effects on macrophages and fibroblasts. Dioscin was also oral treatment but 10 days after crystalline silica instillation to see its effect on established pulmonary fibrosis. Results: Dioscin treatment reduced pro-inflammation and pro-fibrotic cytokine secretion by modulating innate and adaptive immune responses. It also reduced the recruitment of fibrocytes, protected epithelial cells from crystalline silica injury, inhibited transforming growth factor beta/Smad3 signaling and fibroblast activation. Together, these effects delayed the progression of crystalline silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The mechanism by which dioscin treatment alleviated CS-induced inflammation appeared to be via the reduction of macrophage, B lymphocyte, and T lymphocte infiltration into lung. Dioscin inhibits macrophages and fibroblasts from secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines and may also function as a modulator of T helper cells responses, concurrent with attenuated phosphorylation of the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1-p38/c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. Also, dioscin could block the phosphorylation of Smad3 in fibroblast. Oral treatment of dioscin could also effectively postpone the progression of established silicosis. Conclusion: Oral treatment dioscin delays crystalline silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis and exerts pulmonary protective effects in mice. Dioscin may be a novel and potent candidate for protection against crystalline silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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232
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Nikota J, Banville A, Goodwin LR, Wu D, Williams A, Yauk CL, Wallin H, Vogel U, Halappanavar S. Stat-6 signaling pathway and not Interleukin-1 mediates multi-walled carbon nanotube-induced lung fibrosis in mice: insights from an adverse outcome pathway framework. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:37. [PMID: 28903780 PMCID: PMC5598059 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of MWCNTs in the lung environment leads to inflammation and the development of disease similar to pulmonary fibrosis in rodents. Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) are a framework for defining and organizing the key events that comprise the biological changes leading to undesirable events. A putative AOP has been developed describing MWCNT-induced pulmonary fibrosis; inflammation and the subsequent healing response induced by inflammatory mechanisms have been implicated in disease progression. The objective of the present study was to address a key data gap in this AOP: empirical data supporting the essentiality of pulmonary inflammation as a key event prior to fibrosis. Specifically, Interleukin-1 Receptor1 (IL-1R1) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6 (STAT6) knock-out (KO) mice were employed to target inflammation and the subsequent healing response using MWCNTs as a model pro-fibrotic stressor to determine whether this altered the development of fibrosis. RESULTS Wild type (WT) C57BL/6, IL-1R1 (KO) or STAT6 KO mice were exposed to a high dose of Mitsui-7 MWCNT by intratracheal administration. Inflammation was assessed 24 h and 28 days post MWCNT administration, and fibrotic lesion development was assessed 28 days post MWCNT administration. MWCNT-induced acute inflammation was suppressed in IL-1R1 KO mice at the 24 h time point relative to WT mice, but this suppression was not observed 28 days post exposure, and IL-1R1 KO did not alter fibrotic disease development. In contrast, STAT6 KO mice exhibited suppressed acute inflammation and attenuated fibrotic disease in response to MWCNT administration compared to STAT6 WT mice. Whole genome analysis of all post-exposure time points identified a subset of differentially expressed genes associated with fibrosis in both KO mice compared to WT mice. CONCLUSION The findings support the essentiality of STAT6-mediated signaling in the development of MWCNT-induced fibrotic disease. The IL-1R1 KO results also highlight the nature of the inflammatory response associated with MWCNT exposure, and indicate a system with multiple redundancies. These data add to the evidence supporting an existing AOP, and will be useful in designing screening strategies that could be used by regulatory agencies to distinguish between MWCNTs of varying toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Nikota
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - Allyson Banville
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - Laura Rose Goodwin
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - Carole Lynn Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - Håkan Wallin
- Department of Biological and Chemical Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lerso Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
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233
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Bouros E, Filidou E, Arvanitidis K, Mikroulis D, Steiropoulos P, Bamias G, Bouros D, Kolios G. Lung fibrosis-associated soluble mediators and bronchoalveolar lavage from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients promote the expression of fibrogenic factors in subepithelial lung myofibroblasts. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 46:78-87. [PMID: 28865842 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells, excessive collagen production and accumulation of myofibroblasts. We explored the possible role of subepithelial lung myofibroblasts (SELMs) in the development of fibrosis in IPF. SELMs, isolated from surgical specimens of healthy lung tissue, were cultured with pro-inflammatory factors or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with IPF or idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia (iNSIP) and their fibrotic activity was assessed. Stimulation of SELMs with pro-inflammatory factors induced a significant increase of Tissue Factor (TF) and Tumor necrosis factor-Like cytokine 1 A (TL1A) expression and collagen production in culture supernatants. Stimulation with BALF from IPF patients with mild to moderate, but not severe disease, and from iNSIP patients induced a significant increase of TF expression. BALF from all IPF patients induced a significant increase of TL1A expression and collagen production, while BALF from iNSIP patients induced a significant increase of TL1A, but not of collagen production. Interestingly, TGF-β1 and BALF from all IPF, but not iNSIP patients, induced a significant increase in SELMs migration. In conclusion, BALF from IPF patients induces fibrotic activity in lung myofibroblasts, similar to mediators associated with lung fibrosis, indicating a key role of SELMs in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Bouros
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Eirini Filidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitidis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Mikroulis
- Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Paschalis Steiropoulos
- Pneumonology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - George Bamias
- Gastroenterology Department of Laiko Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece.
| | - Demosthenes Bouros
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit of 1st Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece.
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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234
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Greco CT, Akins RE, Epps TH, Sullivan MO. Attenuation of Maladaptive Responses in Aortic Adventitial Fibroblasts through Stimuli-Triggered siRNA Release from Lipid-Polymer Nanocomplexes. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 1:1700099. [PMID: 29392169 PMCID: PMC5788321 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-siRNA assemblies are modified with photo-responsive polymers to enable spatiotemporally-controlled silencing of interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) and cadherin 11 (CDH11), two genes that are essential drivers of maladaptive responses in human aortic adventitial fibroblasts (AoAFs). These hybrid nanocomplexes address the critical challenge of locally mitigating fibrotic actions that lead to the high rates of vascular graft failures. In particular, the lipid-polymer formulations provide potent silencing of IL1β and CDH11 that is precisely modulated by a photo-release stimulus. Moreover, a dynamic modeling framework is used to design a multi-dose siRNA regimen that sustains knockdown of both genes over clinically-relevant timescales. Multi-dose suppression illuminates a cooperative role for IL1β and CDH11 in pathogenic adventitial remodeling and is directly linked to desirable functional outcomes. Specifically, myofibroblast differentiation and cellular proliferation, two of the primary hallmarks of fibrosis, are significantly attenuated by IL1β silencing. Meanwhile, the effects of CDH11 siRNA treatment on differentiation become more pronounced at higher cell densities characteristic of constrictive adventitial remodeling in vivo. Thus, this work offers a unique formulation design for photo-responsive gene suppression in human primary cells and establishes a new dosing method to satisfy the critical need for local attenuation of fibrotic responses in the adventitium surrounding vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad T Greco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Robert E Akins
- Department of Biomedical Research, Nemours - Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Thomas H Epps
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Millicent O Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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235
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Tashiro J, Rubio GA, Limper AH, Williams K, Elliot SJ, Ninou I, Aidinis V, Tzouvelekis A, Glassberg MK. Exploring Animal Models That Resemble Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:118. [PMID: 28804709 PMCID: PMC5532376 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Large multicenter clinical trials have led to two recently approved drugs for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF); yet, both of these therapies only slow disease progression and do not provide a definitive cure. Traditionally, preclinical trials have utilized mouse models of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis—though several limitations prevent direct translation to human IPF. Spontaneous pulmonary fibrosis occurs in other animal species, including dogs, horses, donkeys, and cats. While the fibrotic lungs of these animals share many characteristics with lungs of patients with IPF, current veterinary classifications of fibrotic lung disease are not entirely equivalent. Additional studies that profile these examples of spontaneous fibroses in animals for similarities to human IPF should prove useful for both human and animal investigators. In the meantime, studies of BLM-induced fibrosis in aged male mice remain the most clinically relevant model for preclinical study for human IPF. Addressing issues such as time course of treatment, animal size and characteristics, clinically irrelevant treatment endpoints, and reproducibility of therapeutic outcomes will improve the current status of preclinical studies. Elucidating the mechanisms responsible for the development of fibrosis and disrepair associated with aging through a collaborative approach between researchers will promote the development of models that more accurately represent the realm of interstitial lung diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tashiro
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Gustavo A Rubio
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Andrew H Limper
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kurt Williams
- Department Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigations, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Sharon J Elliot
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ioanna Ninou
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Athens, Greece
| | - Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Athens, Greece
| | - Marilyn K Glassberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Valproic acid mitigates the inflammatory response and prevents acute respiratory distress syndrome in a murine model of Escherichia coli pneumonia at the expense of bacterial clearance. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2017; 82:758-765. [PMID: 28099388 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI) are members of a family of epigenetic modifying agents with broad anti-inflammatory properties. These anti-inflammatory properties may have important therapeutic implications in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, administration of HDACI may create an immunosuppressive environment conducive to bacterial growth. Accordingly, the aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of HDACI valproic acid (VPA) on host inflammatory response and bacterial burden in a murine model of Escherichia coli pneumonia-induced ARDS. METHODS ARDS was induced in male C57BL6 mice (n = 24) by endotracheal instillation of 3 × 10 E. coli. VPA (250 mg/kg) was administered 30 minutes after E. coli instillation in the intervention group. Blood samples were collected at 3 and 6 hours, and animals were sacrificed at 6 hours. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, and tissue specimens were harvested. Cytokine levels were measured in blood and BAL, and so was transalveolar protein transit. Cell counts and colony forming units were quantified in BAL fluid. RESULTS VPA reduced neutrophil influx into the lungs and local tissue destruction through decreased myeloperoxidase activity. It also ameliorated the pulmonary and systemic inflammatory response. This led to greater bacterial proliferation in the pulmonary parenchyma. CONCLUSION Administration of VPA in a clinically relevant bacterial model of murine ARDS mitigates the host inflammatory response, essentially preventing ARDS, but creates an immunosuppressive environment that favors bacterial overgrowth.
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237
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Tian L, Li W, Wang T. Therapeutic effects of silibinin on LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting NLRP3 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Microb Pathog 2017; 108:104-108. [PMID: 28483599 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Silibinin, a natural product extracted from Silybum marianum (milk thistle), has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of this study was to explore the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of silibinin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory responses in acute lung injury (ALI). Male BALB/c mice were conditioned with silibinin 1 h after intranasal instillation of LPS. After 12 h, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) level in lung tissues, the wet/dry (W/D) ratio, inflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and histopathological examination of lung were detected. Our results showed that silibinin inhibited LPS-induced histopathological changes and MPO activity, as well as the wet/dry (W/D) ratio in the lung tissues. Furthermore, silibinin significantly inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines production in the BALF. In addition, silibinin suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB activation and the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome. These results indicate that silibinin exerts its anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tian
- Department of Respirology, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Encephalopathy Treatment Area, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Tan Wang
- Department of Respirology, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China.
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238
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Stout-Delgado HW, Cho SJ, Chu SG, Mitzel DN, Villalba J, El-Chemaly S, Ryter SW, Choi AMK, Rosas IO. Age-Dependent Susceptibility to Pulmonary Fibrosis Is Associated with NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:252-63. [PMID: 26933834 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0222oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging has been implicated in the development of pulmonary fibrosis, which has seen a sharp increase in incidence in those older than 50 years. Recent studies demonstrate a role for the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine rich repeat containing family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and its regulated cytokines in experimental lung fibrosis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that age-related NLRP3 inflammasome activation is an important predisposing factor in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Briefly, young and aged wild-type and NLRP3(-/-) mice were subjected to bleomycin-induced lung injury. Pulmonary fibrosis was determined by histology and hydroxyproline accumulation. Bone marrow and alveolar macrophages were isolated from these mice. NLRP3 inflammasome activation was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. IL-1β and IL-18 production was measured by ELISA. The current study demonstrated that aged wild-type mice developed more lung fibrosis and exhibited increased morbidity and mortality after bleomycin-induced lung injury, when compared with young mice. Bleomycin-exposed aged NLRP3(-/-) mice had reduced fibrosis compared with their wild-type age-matched counterparts. Bone marrow-derived and alveolar macrophages from aged mice displayed higher levels of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and caspase-1-dependent IL-1β and IL-18 production, which was associated with altered mitochondrial function and increased production of reactive oxygen species. Our study demonstrated that age-dependent increases in alveolar macrophage mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation contribute to the development of experimental fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather W Stout-Delgado
- 1 Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,2 Pulmonary Fibrosis Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and
| | - Soo Jung Cho
- 1 Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Sarah G Chu
- 3 Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dana N Mitzel
- 2 Pulmonary Fibrosis Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and
| | - Julian Villalba
- 2 Pulmonary Fibrosis Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and.,3 Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Souheil El-Chemaly
- 2 Pulmonary Fibrosis Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and.,3 Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stefan W Ryter
- 1 Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,3 Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- 1 Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,3 Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- 2 Pulmonary Fibrosis Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and.,3 Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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239
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Kulkarni T, O'Reilly P, Antony VB, Gaggar A, Thannickal VJ. Matrix Remodeling in Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 54:751-60. [PMID: 26741177 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0166ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema are chronic lung diseases characterized by a progressive decline in lung function, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. A hallmark of these diseases is recurrent or persistent alveolar epithelial injury, typically caused by common environmental exposures such as cigarette smoke. We propose that critical determinants of the outcome of the injury-repair processes that result in fibrosis versus emphysema are mesenchymal cell fate and associated extracellular matrix dynamics. In this review, we explore the concept that regulation of mesenchymal cells under the influence of soluble factors, in particular transforming growth factor-β1, and the extracellular matrix determine the divergent tissue remodeling responses seen in pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswini Kulkarni
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Program in Protease and Matrix Biology Center, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Philip O'Reilly
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Program in Protease and Matrix Biology Center, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Veena B Antony
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Program in Protease and Matrix Biology Center, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Amit Gaggar
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Program in Protease and Matrix Biology Center, Birmingham, Alabama; and.,3 Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Program in Protease and Matrix Biology Center, Birmingham, Alabama; and.,3 Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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240
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Papathanasiou E, Trotman CA, Scott AR, Van Dyke TE. Current and Emerging Treatments for Postsurgical Cleft Lip Scarring: Effectiveness and Mechanisms. J Dent Res 2017. [PMID: 28650705 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517717261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is the most common congenital malformation of the head and the third-most common birth defect. Surgical repair of the lip is the only treatment and is usually performed during the first year of life. Hypertrophic scar (HTS) formation is a frequent postoperative complication that impairs soft tissue form, function, or movement. Multiple lip revision operations are often required throughout childhood, attempting to optimize aesthetics and function. The mechanisms guiding HTS formation are multifactorial and complex. HTS is the result of dysregulated wound healing, where excessive collagen and extracellular matrix proteins are deposited within the wound area, resulting in persistent inflammation and resultant fibrosis. Many studies support the contribution of dysregulated, exaggerated inflammation in scar formation. Fibrosis and scarring result from chronic inflammation that interrupts tissue remodeling in normal wound healing. Failure of active resolution of inflammation pathways has been implicated. The management of HTS has been challenging for clinicians, since current therapies are minimally effective. Emerging evidence that specialized proresolving mediators of inflammation accelerate wound healing by preventing chronic inflammation and allowing natural uninterrupted tissue remodeling suggests new therapeutic opportunities in the prevention and management of HTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Papathanasiou
- 1 Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,2 Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C A Trotman
- 3 Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A R Scott
- 4 Department of Otolaryngology and Pediatrics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T E Van Dyke
- 1 Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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241
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Wang A, Wang F, Yin Y, Zhang M, Chen P. Dexamethasone reduces serum level of IL-17 in Bleomycin-A5-induced rats model of pulmonary fibrosis. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:783-787. [PMID: 28608724 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1339051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengqiang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yingqiu Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yuebei People’s Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of tubercular Medicine, Shandong Chest Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
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242
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Ji H, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Jia Y, Li Y, Ge J, Zhuo Y. The Effect of Dry Eye Disease on Scar Formation in Rabbit Glaucoma Filtration Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1150. [PMID: 28555041 PMCID: PMC5485974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The success rate of glaucoma filtration surgery is closely related to conjunctival inflammation, and the main mechanism of dry eye disease (DED) is inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of DED on bleb scar formation after rabbit glaucoma filtration surgery. Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into control and DED groups. A DED model was induced by twice-daily topical administration of 0.1% benzalkonium chloride (BAC) drops for three weeks. Ocular examinations were performed to verify the DED model. Surgical effects were assessed, and histologic assessments were performed on the 28th postoperative day. Higher fluorescein staining scores, lower basal tear secretion levels and goblet cell counts, and increased interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels were observed in the DED group. The DED eyes displayed significantly higher intraocular pressure (IOP)% on the 14th postoperative day; a smaller bleb area on days 14, 21 and 28; and a shorter bleb survival time. Moreover, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) levels were significantly increased in the DED group. These results demonstrate that DED promotes filtering bleb scar formation and shortens bleb survival time; these effects may be mediated via IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Yingting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Yingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Yu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Yiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Jian Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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243
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Analysis of Microarray-Identified Genes and MicroRNAs Associated with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:1804240. [PMID: 28588348 PMCID: PMC5446886 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1804240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify potential microRNAs and genes associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) through web-available microarrays. The microRNA microarray dataset GSE32538 and the mRNA datasets GSE32537, GSE53845, and GSE10667 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs)/genes (DEGs) were screened with GEO2R, and their associations with IPF were analyzed by comprehensive bioinformatic analyses. A total of 45 DE-microRNAs were identified between IPF and control tissues, whereas 67 common DEGs were determined to exhibit the same expression trends in all three microarrays. Furthermore, functional analysis indicated that microRNAs in cancer and ECM-receptor interaction were the most significant pathways and were enriched by the 45 DE-miRNAs and 67 common DEGs. Finally, we predicted potential microRNA-target interactions between 17 DE-miRNAs and 17 DEGs by using at least three online programs. A microRNA-mediated regulatory network among the DE-miRNAs and DEGs was constructed that might shed new light on potential biomarkers for the prediction of IPF progression.
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244
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Li H, Hao Y, Zhang H, Ying W, Li D, Ge Y, Ying B, Cheng B, Lian Q, Jin S. Posttreatment with Protectin DX ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and lung dysfunction in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46754. [PMID: 28466866 PMCID: PMC5413938 DOI: 10.1038/srep46754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protectin DX (10S,17S-dihydroxydocosa-4Z,7Z,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-hexaenoic acid) (PDX), generated from Ω-3 fatty docosahexaenoic acids, is believed to exert anti-inflammatory and proresolution bioactions. To date, few studies have been performed regarding its effect on pulmonary fibrosis. Herein we show that PDX exerts a potential therapeutic effect which is distinct from its anti-inflammation and pro-resolution activity on mice with pulmonary fibrosis. In the present study, we showed that bleomycin (BLM) increased inflammatory infiltration, collagen deposition, and lung dysfunction on day7 after challenged in mice. Posttreatment with PDX ameliorated BLM-induced inflammatory responses, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and the level of cytokines related to fibrosis as evaluated by histology analysis, transformation electron microscope (TEM), lung hydroxyproline content and cytokines test. Moreover, PDX improved lung respiratory function, remedied BLM-induced hypoxemia and prolonged life span. In addition, we found that PDX reversed epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypic transformation in vivo and in vitro, reinforcing a potential mechanism of promoting fibrosis resolution. In summary, our findings showed that posttreatment with PDX could ameliorate BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and lung dysfunction in mice and PDX may be considered as a promising therapeutic approached to fibrotic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yu Hao
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Weiyang Ying
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yahe Ge
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Binyu Ying
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Bihuan Cheng
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Shengwei Jin
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
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245
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Ma H, Qiao S, Wang Z, Geng S, Zhao Y, Hou X, Tian W, Chen X, Yao L. Microencapsulation of Lefty-secreting engineered cells for pulmonary fibrosis therapy in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L741-L747. [PMID: 28213468 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00295.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease that causes unremitting deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, thus resulting in distortion of the pulmonary architecture and impaired gas exchange. Associated with high morbidity and mortality, IPF is generally refractory to current pharmacological therapies. Lefty A, a potent inhibitor of transforming growth factor-β signaling, has been shown to have promising antifibrotic ability in vitro for the treatment of renal fibrosis and other potential organ fibroses. Here, we determined whether Lefty A can attenuate bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo based on a novel therapeutic strategy where human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells are genetically engineered with the Lefty A-associated GFP gene. The engineered HEK293 cells were encapsulated in alginate microcapsules and then subcutaneously implanted in ICR mice that had 1 wk earlier been intratracheally administered BLM to induce pulmonary fibrosis. The severity of fibrosis in lung tissue was assessed using pathological morphology and collagen expression to examine the effect of Lefty A released from the microencapsulated cells. The engineered HEK293 cells with Lefty A significantly reduced the expression of connective tissue growth factor and collagen type I mRNA, lessened the morphological fibrotic effects induced by BLM, and increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9. This illustrates that engineered HEK293 cells with Lefty A can attenuate pulmonary fibrosis in vivo, thus providing a novel method to treat human pulmonary fibrotic disease and other organ fibroses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongge Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shupei Qiao
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zeli Wang
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Yufang Zhao
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaolu Hou
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Weiming Tian
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lifen Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China;
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246
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Steffen L, Ruppert C, Hoymann HG, Funke M, Ebener S, Kloth C, Mühlfeld C, Ochs M, Knudsen L, Lopez-Rodriguez E. Surfactant replacement therapy reduces acute lung injury and collapse induration-related lung remodeling in the bleomycin model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L313-L327. [PMID: 28450283 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00033.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bleomycin-induced lung injury leads to surfactant dysfunction and permanent loss of alveoli due to a remodeling process called collapse induration. Collapse induration also occurs in acute interstitial lung disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in humans. We hypothesized that surfactant dysfunction aggravates lung injury and early remodeling resulting in collapse induration within 7 days after lung injury. Rats received bleomycin to induce lung injury and either repetitive surfactant replacement therapy (SRT: 100 mg Curosurf/kg BW = surf group) or saline (0.9% NaCl = saline group). After 3 (D3) or 7 (D7) days, invasive pulmonary function tests were performed to determine tissue elastance (H) and static compliance (Cst). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was taken for surfactant function, inflammatory markers, and protein measurements. Lungs were fixed by vascular perfusion for design-based stereology and electron microscopic analyses. SRT significantly improved minimum surface tension of alveolar surfactant as well as H and Cst at D3 and D7. At D3 decreased inflammatory markers including neutrophilic granulocytes, IL-1β, and IL-6 correlated with reduced BAL-protein levels after SRT. Numbers of open alveoli were significantly increased at D3 and D7 in SRT groups whereas at D7 there was also a significant reduction in septal wall thickness and parenchymal tissue volume. Septal wall thickness and numbers of open alveoli highly correlated with improved lung mechanics after SRT. In conclusion, reduction in surface tension was effective to stabilize alveoli linked with an attenuation of parameters of acute lung injury at D3 and collapse induration at D7. Hence, SRT modifies disease progression to collapse induration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Steffen
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Germany and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany, and Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Heinz-Gerd Hoymann
- Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuela Funke
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and
| | - Simone Ebener
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and
| | - Christina Kloth
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Germany and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Germany and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Germany and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lars Knudsen
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Germany and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany; .,Cluster of Excellence Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elena Lopez-Rodriguez
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Germany and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy, Hannover, Germany
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247
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Baarsma HA, Königshoff M. 'WNT-er is coming': WNT signalling in chronic lung diseases. Thorax 2017; 72:746-759. [PMID: 28416592 PMCID: PMC5537530 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases represent a major public health problem with only limited therapeutic options. An important unmet need is to identify compounds and drugs that target key molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases. Over the last decade, there has been extensive interest in investigating Wingless/integrase-1 (WNT) signalling pathways; and WNT signal alterations have been linked to pulmonary disease pathogenesis and progression. Here, we comprehensively review the cumulative evidence for WNT pathway alterations in chronic lung pathologies, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, asthma and COPD. While many studies have focused on the canonical WNT/β-catenin signalling pathway, recent reports highlight that non-canonical WNT signalling may also significantly contribute to chronic lung pathologies; these studies will be particularly featured in this review. We further discuss recent advances uncovering the role of WNT signalling early in life, the potential of pharmaceutically modulating WNT signalling pathways and highlight (pre)clinical studies describing promising new therapies for chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Baarsma
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - M Königshoff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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248
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Cheng H, Jin C, Wu J, Zhu S, Liu YJ, Chen J. Guards at the gate: physiological and pathological roles of tissue-resident innate lymphoid cells in the lung. Protein Cell 2017; 8:878-895. [PMID: 28271447 PMCID: PMC5712288 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is an important open organ and the primary site of respiration. Many life-threatening diseases develop in the lung, e.g., pneumonia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPDs), pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer. In the lung, innate immunity serves as the frontline in both anti-irritant response and anti-tumor defense and is also critical for mucosal homeostasis; thus, it plays an important role in containing these pulmonary diseases. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), characterized by their strict tissue residence and distinct function in the mucosa, are attracting increased attention in innate immunity. Upon sensing the danger signals from damaged epithelium, ILCs activate, proliferate, and release numerous cytokines with specific local functions; they also participate in mucosal immune-surveillance, immune-regulation, and homeostasis. However, when their functions become uncontrolled, ILCs can enhance pathological states and induce diseases. In this review, we discuss the physiological and pathological functions of ILC subsets 1 to 3 in the lung, and how the pathogenic environment affects the function and plasticity of ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cheng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chengyan Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Yong-Jun Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China. .,Sanofi Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Jingtao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China.
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249
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Saha B, Kodys K, Adejumo A, Szabo G. Circulating and Exosome-Packaged Hepatitis C Single-Stranded RNA Induce Monocyte Differentiation via TLR7/8 to Polarized Macrophages and Fibrocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1974-1984. [PMID: 28122964 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages (MΦs) play a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The tissue microenvironment triggers monocyte differentiation into MΦs, with polarization ranging within the spectrum of M1 (classical) to M2 (alternative) activation. Recently, we demonstrated that HCV infection leads to monocyte differentiation into polarized MΦs that mediate stellate cell activation via TGF-β. In this study, we aimed to identify the viral factor(s) that mediate monocyte-to-MΦ differentiation. We performed coculture experiments using healthy monocytes with exosome-packaged HCV, cell-free HCV, or HCV ssRNA. Coculture of monocytes with exosome-packaged HCV, cell-free HCV, or HCV ssRNA induced differentiation into MΦs with high M2 surface marker expression and production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The HCV ssRNA-induced monocyte activation and differentiation into MΦs could be prevented by TLR7 or TLR8 knockdown. Furthermore, TLR7 or TLR8 stimulation, independent of HCV, caused monocyte differentiation and M2 MΦ polarization. In vivo, in chronic HCV-infected patients, we found increased expression of TLR7/8 in circulating monocytes that was associated with increased intracellular expression of procollagen. Furthermore, knockdown of TLR8 completely attenuated collagen expression in monocytes exposed to HCV, and knockdown of TLR7 partially attenuated this expression, suggesting roles for TLR7/8 in induction of fibrocytes in HCV infection. We identified TLR7/8 as mediators of monocyte differentiation and M2 MΦ polarization during HCV infection. Further, we demonstrated that HCV ssRNA and other TLR7/8 ligands promote MΦ polarization and generation of circulating fibrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banishree Saha
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Karen Kodys
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Adeyinka Adejumo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
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250
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Thompson JK, MacPherson MB, Beuschel SL, Shukla A. Asbestos-Induced Mesothelial to Fibroblastic Transition Is Modulated by the Inflammasome. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:665-678. [PMID: 28056339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the causal relationship established between malignant mesothelioma (MM) and asbestos exposure, the exact mechanism by which asbestos induces this neoplasm and other asbestos-related diseases is still not well understood. MM is characterized by chronic inflammation, which is believed to play an intrinsic role in the origin of this disease. We recently found that asbestos activates the nod-like receptor family member containing a pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in a protracted manner, leading to an up-regulation of IL-1β and IL-18 production in human mesothelial cells. Combined with biopersistence of asbestos fibers, we hypothesize that this creates an environment of chronic IL-1β signaling in human mesothelial cells, which may promote mesothelial to fibroblastic transition (MFT) in an NLRP3-dependent manner. Using a series of experiments, we found that asbestos induces a fibroblastic transition of mesothelial cells with a gain of mesenchymal markers (vimentin and N-cadherin), whereas epithelial markers, such as E-cadherin, are down-regulated. Use of siRNA against NLRP3, recombinant IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist confirmed the role of NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent IL-1β in the process. In vivo studies using wild-type and various inflammasome component knockout mice also revealed the process of asbestos-induced mesothelial to fibroblastic transition and its amelioration in caspase-1 knockout mice. Taken together, our data are the first to suggest that asbestos induces mesothelial to fibroblastic transition in an inflammasome-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce K Thompson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Maximilian B MacPherson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Stacie L Beuschel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.
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