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Wichmann G, Rosolowski M, Krohn K, Kreuz M, Boehm A, Reiche A, Scharrer U, Halama D, Bertolini J, Bauer U, Holzinger D, Pawlita M, Hess J, Engel C, Hasenclever D, Scholz M, Ahnert P, Kirsten H, Hemprich A, Wittekind C, Herbarth O, Horn F, Dietz A, Loeffler M. The role of HPV RNA transcription, immune response-related gene expression and disruptive TP53 mutations in diagnostic and prognostic profiling of head and neck cancer. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2846-57. [PMID: 26095926 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Stratification of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) based on HPV16 DNA and RNA status, gene expression patterns, and mutated candidate genes may facilitate patient treatment decision. We characterize head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) with different HPV16 DNA and RNA (E6*I) status from 290 consecutively recruited patients by gene expression profiling and targeted sequencing of 50 genes. We show that tumors with transcriptionally inactive HPV16 (DNA+ RNA-) are similar to HPV-negative (DNA-) tumors regarding gene expression and frequency of TP53 mutations (47%, 8/17 and 43%, 72/167, respectively). We also find that an immune response-related gene expression cluster is associated with lymph node metastasis, independent of HPV16 status and that disruptive TP53 mutations are associated with lymph node metastasis in HPV16 DNA- tumors. We validate each of these associations in another large data set. Four gene expression clusters which we identify differ moderately but significantly in overall survival. Our findings underscore the importance of measuring the HPV16 RNA (E6*I) and TP53-mutation status for patient stratification and identify associations of an immune response-related gene expression cluster and TP53 mutations with lymph node metastasis in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Wichmann
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maciej Rosolowski
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Knut Krohn
- Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Kreuz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Boehm
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anett Reiche
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Scharrer
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Halama
- Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Bertolini
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bauer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dana Holzinger
- Division of Genome Modifications and Carcinogenesis (F020), Infection and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69121, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Division of Genome Modifications and Carcinogenesis (F020), Infection and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69121, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Hess
- Research Group Molecular Mechanisms of Head and Neck Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Section Experimental and Translational Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Hasenclever
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Ahnert
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Kirsten
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Hemprich
- Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Wittekind
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olf Herbarth
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hygiene, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Friedemann Horn
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Dietz
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
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202
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Reuter T, Warta R, Theile D, Meid AD, Rigalli JP, Mogler C, Herpel E, Grabe N, Lahrmann B, Plinkert PK, Herold-Mende C, Dyckhoff G, Haefeli WE, Weiss J. Role of NR1I2 (pregnane X receptor) polymorphisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 388:1141-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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203
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Lee B, Bohmann J, Reeves T, Levenson C, Risinger AL. α- and β-Santalols Directly Interact with Tubulin and Cause Mitotic Arrest and Cytotoxicity in Oral Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1357-62. [PMID: 25993496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with no major advancements in treatment over the past 40 years. The current study explores the biological effects of East Indian sandalwood oil (EISO) and its two major constituents, α- and β-santalol, against a variety of HNSCC lines. All three agents exhibited cytotoxic effects and caused accumulation of cells in the G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Additionally, treatment with these agents caused formation of multipolar mitotic spindles similar to those observed upon treatment of cells with compounds that affect microtubule polymerization. Indeed, the santalols, as well as EISO, inhibited the polymerization of purified tubulin, indicating for the first time that these compounds have the ability to directly bind to tubulin and affect microtubule formation. Modeling studies suggest that the santalols can weakly bind to the colchicine site on tubulin, and topical administration of EISO to a HNSCC xenograft inhibited tumor growth with no observed toxicities. Therefore, santalols can directly interact with tubulin to inhibit the polymerization of microtubules, similarly to established classes of chemotherapeutic agents, albeit with greatly reduced potency that is not associated with the classic toxicity associated with most other compounds that interact directly with tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigette Lee
- †Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Jonathan Bohmann
- ‡Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, Texas 78238, United States
| | - Tony Reeves
- ‡Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, Texas 78238, United States
| | - Corey Levenson
- §Santalis Pharmaceuticals, 18618 Tuscany Stone, Suite 100, San Antonio, Texas 78258, United States
| | - April L Risinger
- †Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
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204
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Giraldo NA, Becht E, Vano Y, Sautès-Fridman C, Fridman WH. The immune response in cancer: from immunology to pathology to immunotherapy. Virchows Arch 2015; 467:127-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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205
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Wang J, Liu Q, Shyr Y. Dysregulated transcription across diverse cancer types reveals the importance of RNA-binding protein in carcinogenesis. BMC Genomics 2015; 16 Suppl 7:S5. [PMID: 26100984 PMCID: PMC4474540 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-16-s7-s5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is well known that carcinogenesis is in part dictated by dysregulated transcription events and signal pathways. Large-scale transcriptional profiling studies in each cancer type have reported aberrant gene expression associated with cancer development. However, common and specific patterns altered across cancer types, especially the contribution of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators, are rarely explored. Results Using transcriptional profiles from matched tumor and normal samples in the Cancer Genome Atlas pan-cancer dataset, we performed a comprehensive analysis on the altered expression across 9 cancer types, focusing on transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators and cancer-related genes. As we expected, the transcription of cancer-related genes was significantly deregulated in tumor vs. normal across all cancer types. Surprisingly, the expression of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), master regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression, was also significantly changed across most studied cancer types. Although the expression of RBPs was not as strongly deregulated as cancer-related genes, their direct interaction partners are enriched by cancer-related genes, suggesting the cascade regulation effect of RBPs. Integrating genetic and epigenetic profiles found that deregulated RBPs were frequently caused by genetic rather than epigenetic alterations. Furthermore, tissue-specific genes were under-expressed in tumor vs. normal across all cancer types except prostate cancer. Conclusions Dysregulated transcription across cancer types reveals the importance of RBPs in carcinogenesis. The aberrant expression of RBPs is caused by genetic alterations and spreads their effect to cancer-related genes. In addition, disruption of tissue-specific genes contributes to the corresponding cancer pathology.
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206
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Dual induction of apoptotic and autophagic cell death by targeting survivin in head neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1771. [PMID: 26018732 PMCID: PMC4669714 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Survivin is ubiquitously expressed in patients with head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and is associated with poor survival and chemotherapy resistance. Sepantronium bromide (YM155) is a selective survivin suppressant that exhibits potent antitumor activities by inducing apoptosis and autophagy in various types of cancer. However, the curative effects and underlying mechanisms of YM155 in HNSCC remain unclear. This study showed that survivin overexpression positively correlated with p-S6, p-Rb and LAMP2 but negatively correlated with the autophagic marker LC3 in human HNSCC tissues. In vitro studies revealed that YM155 triggered apoptosis of HNSCC cells in mitochondria and death receptor-dependent manner. The treatment also significantly enhanced autophagy by upregulating Beclin1, which led to cell death. YM155 not only downregulated the expression of survivin but also remarkably suppressed the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. YM155 displayed potent antitumor activities in both CAL27 xenograft and transgenic HNSCC mice models by delaying tumor onset and suppressing tumor growth. Furthermore, YM155 combined with docetaxel promoted tumor regression better than either treatment alone without causing considerable body weight loss in the HNSCC xenograft models. Overall, targeting survivin by YM155 can benefit HNSCC therapy by increasing apoptotic and autophagic cell death, and suppressing prosurvival pathways.
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207
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Simmons JK, Hildreth BE, Supsavhad W, Elshafae SM, Hassan BB, Dirksen WP, Toribio RE, Rosol TJ. Animal Models of Bone Metastasis. Vet Pathol 2015; 52:827-41. [PMID: 26021553 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815586223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bone is one of the most common sites of cancer metastasis in humans and is a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Bone metastases are considered incurable and result in pain, pathologic fracture, and decreased quality of life. Animal models of skeletal metastases are essential to improve the understanding of the molecular pathways of cancer metastasis and growth in bone and to develop new therapies to inhibit and prevent bone metastases. The ideal animal model should be clinically relevant, reproducible, and representative of human disease. Currently, an ideal model does not exist; however, understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the available models will lead to proper study design and successful cancer research. This review provides an overview of the current in vivo animal models used in the study of skeletal metastases or local tumor invasion into bone and focuses on mammary and prostate cancer, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and miscellaneous tumors that metastasize to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Simmons
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - B E Hildreth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - W Supsavhad
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S M Elshafae
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - B B Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - W P Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - R E Toribio
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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208
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Göke F, Franzen A, Hinz TK, Marek LA, Yoon P, Sharma R, Bode M, von Maessenhausen A, Lankat-Buttgereit B, Göke A, Golletz C, Kirsten R, Boehm D, Vogel W, Kleczko EK, Eagles JR, Hirsch FR, Van Bremen T, Bootz F, Schroeck A, Kim J, Tan AC, Jimeno A, Heasley LE, Perner S. FGFR1 Expression Levels Predict BGJ398 Sensitivity of FGFR1-Dependent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:4356-64. [PMID: 26015511 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE FGFR1 copy-number gain (CNG) occurs in head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCC) and is used for patient selection in FGFR-specific inhibitor clinical trials. This study explores FGFR1 mRNA and protein levels in HNSCC cell lines, primary tumors, and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) as predictors of sensitivity to the FGFR inhibitor, NVP-BGJ398. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FGFR1 status, expression levels, and BGJ398 sensitive growth were measured in 12 HNSCC cell lines. Primary HNSCCs (n = 353) were assessed for FGFR1 CNG and mRNA levels, and HNSCC TCGA data were interrogated as an independent sample set. HNSCC PDXs (n = 39) were submitted to FGFR1 copy-number detection and mRNA assays to identify putative FGFR1-dependent tumors. RESULTS Cell line sensitivity to BGJ398 is associated with FGFR1 mRNA and protein levels, not FGFR1 CNG. Thirty-one percent of primary HNSCC tumors expressed FGFR1 mRNA, 18% exhibited FGFR1 CNG, 35% of amplified tumors were also positive for FGFR1 mRNA. This relationship was confirmed with the TCGA dataset. Using high FGFR1 mRNA for selection, 2 HNSCC PDXs were identified, one of which also exhibited FGFR1 CNG. The nonamplified tumor with high mRNA levels exhibited in vivo sensitivity to BGJ398. CONCLUSIONS FGFR1 expression associates with BGJ398 sensitivity in HNSCC cell lines and predicts tyrosine kinase inhibitor sensitivity in PDXs. Our results support FGFR1 mRNA or protein expression, rather than FGFR1 CNG as a predictive biomarker for the response to FGFR inhibitors in a subset of patients suffering from HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Göke
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alina Franzen
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Trista K Hinz
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lindsay A Marek
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Petros Yoon
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maike Bode
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne von Maessenhausen
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Antonia Göke
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carsten Golletz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Kirsten
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Diana Boehm
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Vogel
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Emily K Kleczko
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Justin R Eagles
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tobias Van Bremen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Friedrich Bootz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Schroeck
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jihye Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Aik-Choon Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Antonio Jimeno
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lynn E Heasley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany. VA Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Denver, Colorado
| | - Sven Perner
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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209
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Castillo-González AC, Pelegrín-Hernández JP, Nieto-Cerón S, Madrona AP, Noguera JA, López-Moreno MF, Rodríguez-López JN, Vidal CJ, Hellín-Meseguer D, Cabezas-Herrera J. Unbalanced acetylcholinesterase activity in larynx squamous cell carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:81-6. [PMID: 26002584 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports have demonstrated that a non-neuronal cholinergic system is expressed aberrantly in airways. A proliferative effect is exerted directly by cholinergic agonists through the activation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. In cancer, particularly those related with smoking, the mechanism through which tumour cells respond to aberrantly activated cholinergic signalling is a key question. Fifty paired pieces of larynx squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent non-cancerous tissue were compared in terms of their acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE). The AChE activity in non-cancerous tissues (0.248 ± 0.030 milliunits per milligram of wet tissue; mU/mg) demonstrates that upper respiratory tissues express sufficient AChE activity for controlling the level of acetylcholine (ACh). In larynx carcinomas, the AChE activity decreased to 0.157 ± 0.024 mU/mg (p=0.009). Larynx cancer patients exhibiting low ACh-degrading enzymatic activity had a significantly shorter overall survival (p=0.031). Differences in the mRNA levels of alternatively spliced AChE isoforms and molecular compositions were noted between glottic and supraglottic cancers. Our results suggest that the low AChE activity observed in larynx squamous cell carcinoma may be useful for predicting the outcome of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Castillo-González
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, School of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Pelegrín-Hernández
- Otorhinolaryngology Surgical Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Susana Nieto-Cerón
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Piñero Madrona
- Surgery Service of University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca IMIB, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Noguera
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Fuensanta López-Moreno
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Neptuno Rodríguez-López
- Surgery Service of University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca IMIB, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Cecilio J Vidal
- Surgery Service of University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca IMIB, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego Hellín-Meseguer
- Otorhinolaryngology Surgical Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Juan Cabezas-Herrera
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain.
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210
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Castillo-González AC, Nieto-Cerón S, Pelegrín-Hernández JP, Montenegro MF, Noguera JA, López-Moreno MF, Rodríguez-López JN, Vidal CJ, Hellín-Meseguer D, Cabezas-Herrera J. Dysregulated cholinergic network as a novel biomarker of poor prognostic in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:385. [PMID: 25956553 PMCID: PMC4435806 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In airways, a proliferative effect is played directly by cholinergic agonists through nicotinic and muscarinic receptors activation. How tumors respond to aberrantly activated cholinergic signalling is a key question in smoking-related cancer. This research was addressed to explore a possible link of cholinergic signalling changes with cancer biology. METHODS Fifty-seven paired pieces of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and adjacent non-cancerous tissue (ANCT) were compared for their mRNA levels for ACh-related proteins and ACh-hydrolyzing activity. RESULTS The measurement in ANCT of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities (5.416 ± 0.501 mU/mg protein and 6.350 ± 0.599 mU/mg protein, respectively) demonstrated that upper respiratory tract is capable of controlling the availability of ACh. In HNSCC, AChE and BChE activities dropped to 3.584 ± 0.599 mU/mg protein (p = 0.002) and 3.965 ± 0.423 mU/mg protein (p < 0.001). Moreover, tumours with low AChE activity and high BChE activity were associated with shorter patient overall survival. ANCT and HNSCC differed in mRNA levels for AChE-T, α3, α5, α9 and β2 for nAChR subunits. Tobacco exposure had a great impact on the expression of both AChE-H and AChE-T mRNAs. Unaffected and cancerous pieces contained principal AChE dimers and BChE tetramers. The lack of nerve-born PRiMA-linked AChE agreed with pathological findings on nerve terminal remodelling and loss in HNSCC. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the low AChE activity in HNSCC can be used to predict survival in patients with head and neck cancer. So, the ChE activity level can be used as a reliable prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Castillo-González
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
| | - Susana Nieto-Cerón
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
| | - Juan Pablo Pelegrín-Hernández
- Otorhinolaryngology Surgical Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
| | - María Fernanda Montenegro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, School of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", IMIB-University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Noguera
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
| | - María Fuensanta López-Moreno
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
| | - José Neptuno Rodríguez-López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, School of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", IMIB-University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| | - Cecilio J Vidal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, School of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", IMIB-University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| | - Diego Hellín-Meseguer
- Otorhinolaryngology Surgical Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
| | - Juan Cabezas-Herrera
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
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211
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Li X, Ottosson S, Wang S, Jernberg E, Boldrup L, Gu X, Nylander K, Li A. Wilms' tumor gene 1 regulates p63 and promotes cell proliferation in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:342. [PMID: 25929687 PMCID: PMC4421988 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wilms’ tumor gene 1 (WT1) can act as a suppressor or activator of tumourigenesis in different types of human malignancies. The role of WT1 in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is not clear. Overexpression of WT1 has been reported in SCCHN, suggesting a possible oncogenic role for WT1. In the present study we aimed at investigating the function of WT1 and its previously identified protein partners p63 and p53 in the SCCHN cell line FaDu. Methods Silencing RNA (siRNA) technology was applied to knockdown of WT1, p63 and p53 in FaDu cells. Cell proliferation was detected using MTT assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)/PCR analysis was performed to confirm the effect of WT1 on the p63 promoter. Protein co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) was used to find protein interaction between WT1 and p53/p63. Microarray analysis was used to identify changes of gene expression in response to knockdown of either WT1 or p63. WT1 RNA level was detected using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in patients with SCCHN. Results We found that WT1 and p63 promoted cell proliferation, while mutant p53 (R248L) possessed the ability to suppress cell proliferation. We reported a novel positive correlation between WT1 and p63 expression. Subsequently, p63 was identified as a WT1 target gene. Furthermore, expression of 18 genes involved in cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation and DNA replication was significantly altered by downregulation of WT1 and p63 expression. Several known WT1 and p63 target genes were affected by WT1 knockdown. Protein interaction was demonstrated between WT1 and p53 but not between WT1 and p63. Additionally, high WT1 mRNA levels were detected in SCCHN patient samples. Conclusions Our findings suggest that WT1 and p63 act as oncogenes in SCCHN, affecting multiple genes involved in cancer cell growth. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1356-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingru Li
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, By 6 M, 2nd floor, Umeå, 90185, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Ottosson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, By 6 M, 2nd floor, Umeå, 90185, Sweden.
| | - Sihan Wang
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, By 6 M, 2nd floor, Umeå, 90185, Sweden.
| | - Emma Jernberg
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, By 6 M, 2nd floor, Umeå, 90185, Sweden.
| | - Linda Boldrup
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, By 6 M, 2nd floor, Umeå, 90185, Sweden.
| | - Xiaolian Gu
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, By 6 M, 2nd floor, Umeå, 90185, Sweden.
| | - Karin Nylander
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, By 6 M, 2nd floor, Umeå, 90185, Sweden.
| | - Aihong Li
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, By 6 M, 2nd floor, Umeå, 90185, Sweden.
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212
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van Dijk LK, Boerman OC, Kaanders JH, Bussink J. PET Imaging in Head and Neck Cancer Patients to Monitor Treatment Response: A Future Role for EGFR-Targeted Imaging. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:3602-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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213
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Thariat J, Vignot S, Lapierre A, Falk AT, Guigay J, Van Obberghen-Schilling E, Milano G. Integrating genomics in head and neck cancer treatment: Promises and pitfalls. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 95:397-406. [PMID: 25979769 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) represent a multifactorial disease of poor prognosis. They have lagged behind other cancers in terms of personalized therapy. With expansion and high throughput sequencing methods, recent landmark exonic studies and Cancer Genome Atlas data have identified genes relevant to carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Mutational profiles and rates vary widely depending on exposure to carcinogens, anatomic subsites and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. Tumors may exhibit specific, tissue-specific, not exclusively HPV-related, gene alterations, such those observed in oral cavity cancers in Asia or Occident. Except for the PI3K pathway, the rate of mutations in HPV+ cancers is much lower than in tobacco/alcohol-related cancers. Somatic driver mutation analyses show that relatively few driver genes are druggable in HNSCC and that tumor suppressor gene alterations prevail. More mature for therapeutic applications is the oncogenic PI3K pathway, with preclinical human xenograft models suggesting that PI3KCA pathway mutations may be used as predictive biomarkers and clinical data showing efficacy of mTOR/Akt inhibitors. Therapeutic guidance, to date, relies on classical histoprognostic factors, anatomic subsite and HPV status, with integration of hierarchized supervised mutational profiling to provide additional therapeutic options in advanced HNSCC in a near future. Unsupervised controlled genomic analyses remain necessary to unravel potentially relevant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Thariat
- Oncopharmacology Unit EA 3836, Centre A. Lacassagne, 33 Av de Valombrose, 06189 Nice, France; Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre A. Lacassagne, 33 Av de Valombrose, 06189 Nice, France.
| | - Stéphane Vignot
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Hôpitaux de Chartres, 6 rue Claude Bernard, 28630 Chartres Le Coudray, France
| | - Ariane Lapierre
- Service d'Oncologie Radiothérapie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Alexander T Falk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre A. Lacassagne, 33 Av de Valombrose, 06189 Nice, France
| | - Joel Guigay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre A. Lacassagne, 33 Av de Valombrose, 06189 Nice, France
| | | | - Gerard Milano
- Oncopharmacology Unit EA 3836, Centre A. Lacassagne, 33 Av de Valombrose, 06189 Nice, France
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214
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Wu H, Gao L, Li F, Song F, Yang X, Kasabov N. Identifying overlapping mutated driver pathways by constructing gene networks in cancer. BMC Bioinformatics 2015; 16 Suppl 5:S3. [PMID: 25859819 PMCID: PMC4402595 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-16-s5-s3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-scale cancer genomic projects are providing lots of data on genomic, epigenomic and gene expression aberrations in many cancer types. One key challenge is to detect functional driver pathways and to filter out nonfunctional passenger genes in cancer genomics. Vandin et al. introduced the Maximum Weight Sub-matrix Problem to find driver pathways and showed that it is an NP-hard problem. METHODS To find a better solution and solve the problem more efficiently, we present a network-based method (NBM) to detect overlapping driver pathways automatically. This algorithm can directly find driver pathways or gene sets de novo from somatic mutation data utilizing two combinatorial properties, high coverage and high exclusivity, without any prior information. We firstly construct gene networks based on the approximate exclusivity between each pair of genes using somatic mutation data from many cancer patients. Secondly, we present a new greedy strategy to add or remove genes for obtaining overlapping gene sets with driver mutations according to the properties of high exclusivity and high coverage. RESULTS To assess the efficiency of the proposed NBM, we apply the method on simulated data and compare results obtained from the NBM, RME, Dendrix and Multi-Dendrix. NBM obtains optimal results in less than nine seconds on a conventional computer and the time complexity is much less than the three other methods. To further verify the performance of NBM, we apply the method to analyze somatic mutation data from five real biological data sets such as the mutation profiles of 90 glioblastoma tumor samples and 163 lung carcinoma samples. NBM detects groups of genes which overlap with known pathways, including P53, RB and RTK/RAS/PI(3)K signaling pathways. New gene sets with p-value less than 1e-3 are found from the somatic mutation data. CONCLUSIONS NBM can detect more biologically relevant gene sets. Results show that NBM outperforms other algorithms for detecting driver pathways or gene sets. Further research will be conducted with the use of novel machine learning techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Lin Gao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Fei Song
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Nikola Kasabov
- Knowledge Engineering and Discovery Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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215
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The challenge of blocking a wider family members of EGFR against head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:423-30. [PMID: 25753560 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represent 95% of head and neck cancer with an incidence of over half a million people globally. The prognosis for patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC is generally poor with low 5-year survival rates despite treatment advances over the past few decades. Consequently, it is essential to search for new biomarkers and effective therapy options to optimize HNSCC treatment. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in approximately 90% of tumours. EGFR has become one of most common targets for new therapies being investigated in HNSCC. In this way, multiple therapies targeting EGFR in HNSCC have been tested but response rates are still low especially in the recurrent or metastatic setting. This has been attributed to mechanisms of resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies. Afatinib, an oral small molecule ErbB Family Blocker that irreversibly binds to ErbB1 (EGFR), ErbB2 (HER2) and ErbB4 (HER4), is being investigated in HNSCC treatment with encouraging phase II results and several ongoing phase III trials. Results of these trials will help to understand the place of afatinib in the HNSCC treatment armamentarium.
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216
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Krüger M, Pabst AM, Al-Nawas B, Horke S, Moergel M. Paraoxonase-2 (PON2) protects oral squamous cell cancer cells against irradiation-induced apoptosis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 141:1757-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-1941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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217
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Orthotopic non-metastatic and metastatic oral cancer mouse models. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:476-82. [PMID: 25682387 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is characterized by high morbidity and mortality with a predisposition to metastasize to different tissues, including lung, liver, and bone. Despite progress in the understanding of mutational profiles and deregulated pathways in oral cancer, patient survival has not significantly improved over the past decades. Therefore, there is a need to establish in vivo models that recapitulate human oral cancer metastasis to evaluate therapeutic potential of novel drugs. Here we report orthotopic tongue cancer nude mouse models to study oral cancer growth and metastasis using human metastatic (UMSCC2) and non-metastatic (CAL27) cell lines, respectively. Transduction of these cell lines with lentivirus expressing red fluorescent protein (DsRed) followed by injection into tongues of immunodeficient mice generated orthotopic tongue tumors that could be monitored for growth and metastasis by fluorescence measurement with an in vivo Imaging System (IVIS 200). The growth rates of CAL27-DsRed induced tumors were higher than UMSCC2-DsRed tumors after day 15, while UMSCC2-DsRed tumors revealed metastasis beginning on day 21. Importantly, UMSCC2 tumors metastasized to a number of tissues including the submandibular gland, lung, kidney, liver, and bone. Further, immunohistochemical analyses of tongue tumors induced by CAL27 and UMSCC2 cells revealed elevated expression of components of protumorigenic pathways deregulated in human cancers, including Cyclin D1, PCNA, Ki-67, LSD1, LOXL2, MT-MMP1, DPAGT1, E-cadherin, OCT4A, and H3K4me1/2. These orthotopic mouse models are likely to be useful tools for gaining insights into the activity and mechanisms of novel oral cancer drug candidates.
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218
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Gevaert O, Tibshirani R, Plevritis SK. Pancancer analysis of DNA methylation-driven genes using MethylMix. Genome Biol 2015; 16:17. [PMID: 25631659 PMCID: PMC4365533 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-014-0579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation is an important mechanism that contributes to oncogenesis. Yet, few algorithms exist that exploit this vast dataset to identify hypo- and hypermethylated genes in cancer. We developed a novel computational algorithm called MethylMix to identify differentially methylated genes that are also predictive of transcription. We apply MethylMix to 12 individual cancer sites, and additionally combine all cancer sites in a pancancer analysis. We discover pancancer hypo- and hypermethylated genes and identify novel methylation-driven subgroups with clinical implications. MethylMix analysis on combined cancer sites reveals 10 pancancer clusters reflecting new similarities across malignantly transformed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Gevaert
- Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Robert Tibshirani
- Departments of Health Research & Policy, and Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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219
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Sadick M, Weiss C, Piniol R, Frey S, Hoermann K, Schoenberg SO, Sadick H. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake Level-Based Lymph Node Staging in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Cancer - Role of Molecular Marker Expression on Diagnostic Outcome. Oncol Res Treat 2015; 38:16-22. [DOI: 10.1159/000370234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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220
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Paparella ML, Abrigo M, Bal de Kier Joffe E, Raimondi AR. Oral-specific ablation of Klf4 disrupts epithelial terminal differentiation and increases premalignant lesions and carcinomas upon chemical carcinogenesis. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 44:801-9. [PMID: 25605610 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma (SSC) of the head and neck is the sixth most common cancer and is rarely diagnosed in early stages. The transcription factor Krϋppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) suppresses cell proliferation and promotes differentiation. Inducible mice carrying an oral-specific ablation of Klf4 (K14-CreER(tam) /Klf4(flox/flox) ) develop mild dysplastic lesions and abnormal differentiation in the tongue. Aiming to analyze whether Klf4 cooperate in oral chemical carcinogenesis,we applied 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), a tobacco surrogate, to this conditional Klf4 knockout mice. METHODS K14-CreER(tam) /Klf4(flox/flox) and control mice were treated with 4NQO for 16 weeks and monitored until week 30. Histopathological samples were used for diagnostic purposes and immunofluorescence detection of epithelial differentiation markers. RESULTS 4NQO-treated K14-CreER(tam) /Klf4(flox/flox) mice (Klf4KO 4NQO) showed a significant weight loss and developed more severe dysplastic lesions than control mice with 4NQO (P < 0.005). The Klf4KO 4NQO showed a tendency to higher incidence of oral SCC and a marked keratinization pattern in dysplasias, in situ carcinomas and SCC. Also, tongues derived from Klf4KO 4NQO mice exhibited reduced terminal differentiation as judged by cytokeratin 1 staining when compared with 4NQO-treated controls. CONCLUSIONS Klf4 ablation results in more severe dysplastic lesions in oral mucosa, with a tendency to higher incidence of SCC, after chemical carcinogenesis. We show here, in a context similar to the human carcinogenesis, that absence of Klf4 accelerates carcinogenesis and correlates with the absence of cytokeratin 1 expression. These results suggest a potential role for KLF4 as a tumor suppressor gene for the tongue epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Paparella
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela Abrigo
- Research Area, Institute of Oncology Angel H. Roffo, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elisa Bal de Kier Joffe
- Research Area, Institute of Oncology Angel H. Roffo, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana R Raimondi
- Research Area, Institute of Oncology Angel H. Roffo, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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221
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Vigneswaran N, Williams MD. Epidemiologic trends in head and neck cancer and aids in diagnosis. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2015; 26:123-41. [PMID: 24794262 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 541] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer worldwide predominately associated with tobacco use. Changing cause and increased incidence in oropharyngeal carcinomas is associated with high-risk types of human papilloma virus and has an improved survival. Optical devices may augment visual oral examination; however, their lack of specificity still warrants tissue evaluation/biopsy. Histologic factors of oral carcinomas are critical for patient management and prognostic determination. Clinical biomarkers are still needed to improve early detection, predict malignant transformation, and optimize therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadarajah Vigneswaran
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Biopsy Service, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, 1941 East Road BBSB, Room 5320, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Michelle D Williams
- Surgical Pathology Fellowship Program, Head & Neck Section, Department of Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit #085, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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222
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Shrotriya S, Deep G, Lopert P, Patel M, Agarwal R, Agarwal C. Grape seed extract targets mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III and induces oxidative and metabolic stress leading to cytoprotective autophagy and apoptotic death in human head and neck cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:1734-47. [PMID: 25557495 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a major killer worldwide and innovative measures are urgently warranted to lower the morbidity and mortality caused by this malignancy. Aberrant redox and metabolic status in HNSCC cells offer a unique opportunity to specifically target cancer cells. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of grape seed extract (GSE) to target the redox and bioenergetic alterations in HNSCC cells. GSE treatment decreased the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III activity, increased the mitochondrial superoxide levels and depleted the levels of cellular antioxidant (glutathione), thus resulting in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in human HNSCC Detroit 562 and FaDu cells. Polyethylene glycol-SOD addition reversed the GSE-mediated apoptosis without restoring complex III activity. Along with redox changes, GSE inhibited the extracellular acidification rate (representing glycolysis) and oxygen consumption rate (indicating oxidative phosphorylation) leading to metabolic stress in HNSCC cells. Molecular studies revealed that GSE activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and suppressed Akt/mTOR/4E-BP1/S6K signaling in both Detroit 562 and FaDu cells. Interestingly, GSE increased the autophagic load specifically in FaDu cells, and autophagy inhibition significantly augmented the apoptosis in these cells. Consistent with in vitro results, in vivo analyses also showed that GSE feeding in nude mice activated AMPK and induced-autophagy in FaDu xenograft tumor tissues. Overall, these findings are innovative as we for the first time showed that GSE targets ETC complex III and induces oxidative and metabolic stress, thereby, causing autophagy and apoptotic death in HNSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Shrotriya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Pamela Lopert
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Manisha Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
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Abstract
Cumulative findings from many research groups have identified new signaling mechanisms associated with head and neck cancers. We summarize these findings, including discussion of aberrant NOTCH, PI3K, STAT3, immune recognition, oxidative pathway, and regulation of cell cycle and cell death. The genomic landscape of head and neck cancers has been shown to differ depending on human papillomavirus (HPV) status. We discuss studies examining the integration of HPV into genomic regions, as well as the epigenetic alterations that occur in response to HPV infection, and how these may help reveal new biomarker and treatment predictors. The characterization of premalignant lesions is also highlighted, as is evidence indicating that the surgical removal of these lesions is associated with better clinical outcomes. Current surgical methods are also discussed, including several less aggressive approaches such as minimal invasive robotic surgery. While much remains to be done in the fight against head and neck cancer, continued integration of basic research with new treatment options will likely lead to more effective therapeutic strategies directed against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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224
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Lobert S, Graichen ME, Hamilton RD, Pitman KT, Garrett MR, Hicks C, Koganti T. Prognostic biomarkers for HNSCC using quantitative real-time PCR and microarray analysis: β-tubulin isotypes and the p53 interactome. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2014; 71:628-37. [PMID: 25355403 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In 2014, more than 40,000 people in the United States will be diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) and nearly 8400 people will die of the disease (www.cancer.org/acs/groups). Little is known regarding molecular targets that might lead to better therapies and improved outcomes for these patients. The incorporation of taxanes into the standard cisplatin/5-fluouracil initial chemotherapy for HNSCC has been associated with improved response rate and survival. Taxanes target the β-subunit of the tubulin heterodimers, the major protein in microtubules, and halt cell division at G2/M phase. Both laboratory and clinical research suggest a link between β-tubulin expression and cancer patient survival, indicating that patterns of expression for β-tubulin isotypes along with activity of tumor suppressors such as p53 or micro-RNAs could be useful prognostic biomarkers and could suggest therapeutic targets. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Lobert
- School of Nursing, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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225
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Szyfter K, Wierzbicka M, Hunt JL, Rinaldo A, Rodrigo JP, Takes RP, Ferlito A. Frequent chromosomal aberrations and candidate genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 273:537-45. [PMID: 25355032 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-3339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of the biology of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has had relatively little impact on the improvement in oncologic outcome up to date. However, the identification of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) involved in cancer progression contributes to the understanding of the molecular pathways involved in oncogenesis and could contribute to individual risk assessment and provide tools for improvement of treatment and targets for therapy based on the alterations in these pathways. The aim of this article is to review the chromosomal aberrations commonly found in HNSCC, to identify the genes in these chromosomal regions suggested to act as (candidate) oncogenes or TSGs, and to discuss the molecular mechanisms modulating their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Szyfter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Wierzbicka
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngeal Oncology, K. Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jennifer L Hunt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Robert P Takes
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medicine Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- University of Udine School of Medicine, Udine, Italy.
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226
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Funk S, Mark R, Bayo P, Flechtenmacher C, Grabe N, Angel P, Plinkert PK, Hess J. High S100A8 and S100A12 protein expression is a favorable prognostic factor for survival of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:2037-46. [PMID: 25302747 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
S100/calgranulins (S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12) are key players of innate immune function and elevated levels are a characteristic feature of acute and chronic inflammation, and inflammation-associated carcinogenesis. However, reduced S100A8 and S100A9 expression has been detected for squamous cell carcinoma, including the head and neck region (HNSCC), which originate from mucosal epithelia with abundant expression of both proteins under physiological conditions. In contrast to S100A8 and S100A9, only sparse information is available for S100A12 and a comparative study of all three S100/calgranulins in HNSCC is still missing. We analyzed S100/calgranulin protein levels in a retrospective patient cohort (n = 131) of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) by immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays. Common characteristics of all three S100/calgranulins were: (i) abundant expression in supra-basal keratinocytes of normal mucosa with predominant nuclear staining, (ii) low expression in 30.4-51.9% of primary OPSCCs and (iii) variable accumulation of S100/calgranulin-positive immune cells in the tumor stroma. These features were associated with histopathological characteristics, such as tumor grade, lymph node metastasis and tumor stage. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate analysis revealed worse overall survival of OPSCC patients with simultaneous reduction of S100A8 and S100A12 expression, while expression of S100A9 or presence of the S100A8/S100A9 heterodimer had no impact, suggesting distinct regulation and function of individual S100/calgranulins in the pathogenesis of HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Funk
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Section Experimental and Translational Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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227
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Mestrinho LA, Pissarra H, Faísca PB, Bragança M, Peleteiro MC, Niza MMRE. p63 and E-cadherin Expression in Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Vet Pathol 2014; 52:614-20. [PMID: 25248518 DOI: 10.1177/0300985814547391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The expression of p63 and E-cadherin was studied in 22 oral squamous cell carcinomas in the dog according to immunohistochemical techniques. The association between these markers and clinicopathologic parameters was assessed. All tumor cells studied showed enhanced p63 expression. Regarding E-cadherin expression, 17 of 22 cases (77.3%) showed decreased immunoreactivity, and in 13 of 22 cases (59.1%), its expression was cytoplasmic. Neither p63 nor E-cadherin expression patterns were associated with tumor size, bone invasion, or lymph node metastasis. p63 score was related to proliferating cell nuclear antigen proliferative index (P = .020). A statistically significant correlation between the expression patterns of these 2 markers was noted (P = .026). Furthermore, they were related with tumor grade. An atypical p63 labeling and a cytoplasmic E-cadherin staining were statistically related with a higher tumor grade (P = .022 and P = .017, respectively). These findings suggest that changes in p63 and E-cadherin expression are frequent events in oral squamous cell carcinoma in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Mestrinho
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, ULisboa; Avenida da Universidade Técnica 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H Pissarra
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, ULisboa; Avenida da Universidade Técnica 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P B Faísca
- Research Centre for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University of Humanities and Technologies, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Bragança
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University of Humanities and Technologies, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M C Peleteiro
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, ULisboa; Avenida da Universidade Técnica 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M M R E Niza
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, ULisboa; Avenida da Universidade Técnica 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
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228
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Bodnar M, Szylberg Ł, Kazmierczak W, Marszalek A. Tumor progression driven by pathways activating matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:437-43. [PMID: 25244188 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is still a problem worldwide. In some publications interactions between the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-2 and MMP-9, and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) implicated during cancer progression were suggested. METHODS The immunohistochemical staining using primary antibody against MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-3 were performed. The research group consists of primary N(0) LSCC (20 cases), primary N(+) LSCC (17 cases), and 18 cases of normal mucosa. RESULTS Studied MMPs and TIMPs were localized in tumor cells and tumor stroma compartment. MMP-2 expression was higher in stroma compared to tumor cells. MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-3 expression was higher in tumor cells than in tumor stroma (P < 0.05). In tumor stroma MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-3 expression, in LSCC N(0) vs. LSCC N(+) was significantly higher (P < 0.05). The ratios between MMP-2 and TIMP-3 expression were statistically significant (N(0) vs. N(+); P = 0.012). The analyses using classification trees predicted the probability of metastases according to TIMP-3/MMP-14/MMP-2 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 expression levels. CONCLUSIONS The presence of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3 expression in tumor cells and in tumor stroma, and additionally different expression according to lymph node involvement suggested of their impact during cancer progression. The significant correlation between TIMP-3 expression and the presence of lymph node metastases and MMP-2 expression might suggest the importance of TIMP-3 as a prognostic factor during tumor progression. The evaluation of molecular markers which participate in MMP-2 activation pathway have a major impact during metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bodnar
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kazmierczak
- Department of Otolaryngology and Clinical Oncology Chair and Clinic of Otolaryngology and Department of Pathophysiology of Hearing and Balance System, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszalek
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Oncology Center, Poznan, Poland
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229
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Oyesanya RA, Bhatia S, Menezes ME, Dumur CI, Singh KP, Bae S, Troyer DA, Wells RB, Sauter ER, Sidransky D, Fisher PB, Semmes OJ, Dasgupta S. MDA-9/Syntenin regulates differentiation and angiogenesis programs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncoscience 2014; 1:725-737. [PMID: 25593999 PMCID: PMC4278274 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the molecular pathways regulating poor differentiation and invasion of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In the present study, we aimed to determine the role of MDA-9/Syntenin, a metastasis associated molecule in HNSCC tumorigenesis. Elevated MDA-9/Syntenin expression was evident in 67% (54/81) primary HNSCC tumors (p=0.001-0.002) and 69% (9/13) pre-neoplastic tissues (p=0.02-0.03). MDA-9/Syntenin overexpression was associated with the stage (p=0.001), grade (p=0.001) and lymph node metastasis (p=0.0001). Silencing of MDA-9/Syntenin in 3 poorly differentiated HNSCC cell lines induced squamous epithelial cell differentiation, disrupted angiogenesis and reduced tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. We confirmed SPRR1B and VEGFR1 as the key molecular targets of MDA-9/Syntenin on influencing HNSCC differentiation and angiogenesis respectively. MDA-9/Syntenin disrupted SPRR1B expression interacting through its PDZ1 domain and altered VEGFR1 expression in vitro and in vivo. VEGFR1 co-localized with MDA-9/Syntenin in HNSCC cell lines and primary tumor. Downregulation of growth regulatory molecules CyclinD1, CDK4, STAT3, PI3K and CTNNB1 was also evident in the MDA-9/Syntenin depleted cells, which was reversed following over-expression of MDA-9/Syntenin in immortalized oral epithelial cells. Our results suggest that early induction of MDA-9/Syntenin expression influences HNSCC progression and should be further evaluated for potential biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina A Oyesanya
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia.,Department of Biology, Norfolk State University, Virginia
| | - Shilpa Bhatia
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia
| | - Mitchell E Menezes
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia
| | | | - Karan P Singh
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center's Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sejong Bae
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center's Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Dean A Troyer
- The Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Virginia
| | - Robert B Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Texas
| | - Edward R Sauter
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Texas
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Maryland
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia
| | - Oliver J Semmes
- The Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Virginia
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Texas
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230
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Tornesello ML, Perri F, Buonaguro L, Ionna F, Buonaguro FM, Caponigro F. HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers: From pathogenesis to new therapeutic approaches. Cancer Lett 2014; 351:198-205. [PMID: 24971935 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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231
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Bodnar M, Szylberg Ł, Kaźmierczak W, Marszałek A. Immunohistochemical expression of p27(kip1) in metastatic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Adv Med Sci 2014; 59:206-12. [PMID: 25323759 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is an interesting diagnostic and therapeutic issue. The diagnostic delay is mainly a consequence of the lack of evident symptoms in the early stage of the disease. The purpose of current studies was the evaluation of the expression of p27(kip1) in primary and metastatic LSCC in correlation with patients' clinicopathological data. MATERIAL/METHODS The indirect immunohistochemical studies were performed on the series of 60 sections (primary tumor: 20 cases of N(0) and 20 cases of N(+), and nodal meta: 20 cases), using primary antibody against p27(kip1) [clone 1B4]. The expression of analyzed protein was performed using automated morphometric methods. RESULTS The p27(kip1) nuclear expression was found in 100% (40/40) cases of primary tumor, and in 85% (17/20) cases of SCC meta at lymph nodes. In primary LSCC N(0) the expression of p27(kip1) was significantly higher compared to N(+) cases (p=0.036672). However, the p27(kip1) expression in SCC metastases was higher compared to the primary SCC. Moreover, the analyses based on the classification trees revealed the cutoff p27(kip1) expression in primary LSCC (IRS ≤ 76) which was characteristic for N(+) patients. Consequently, our analysis revealed that high expression of p27(kip1) (IRS>76) was characteristic for N(0) patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that p27(kip1) might be useful prognostic factor of metastatic potential in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bodnar
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kaźmierczak
- Department of Otolaryngology and Clinical Oncology Chair and Clinic of Otolaryngology and Department of Pathophysiology of Hearing and Balance System Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszałek
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Oncologic Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Oncology Center, Poznan, Poland.
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232
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Riaz N, Morris LG, Lee W, Chan TA. Unraveling the molecular genetics of head and neck cancer through genome-wide approaches. Genes Dis 2014; 1:75-86. [PMID: 25642447 PMCID: PMC4310010 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has seen an unprecedented increase in our understanding of the biology and etiology of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Genome-wide sequencing projects have identified a number of recurrently mutated genes, including unexpected alterations in the NOTCH pathway and chromatin related genes. Gene-expression profiling has identified 4 distinct genetic subtypes which show some parallels to lung squamous cell carcinoma biology. The identification of the human papilloma virus as one causative agent in a subset of oropharyngeal cancers and their association with a favorable prognosis has opened up avenues for new therapeutic strategies. The expanding knowledge of the underlying molecular abnormalities in this once very poorly understood cancer should allow for increasingly rational clinical trial design and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Riaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luc G. Morris
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - William Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy A. Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Human Oncology and Pathogenesis, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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233
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Magnussen S, Hadler-Olsen E, Latysheva N, Pirila E, Steigen SE, Hanes R, Salo T, Winberg JO, Uhlin-Hansen L, Svineng G. Tumour microenvironments induce expression of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and concomitant activation of gelatinolytic enzymes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105929. [PMID: 25157856 PMCID: PMC4144900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is associated with poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and increased expression of uPAR is often found at the invasive tumour front. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the role of uPAR in invasion and metastasis of OSCC, and the effects of various tumour microenvironments in these processes. Furthermore, we wanted to study whether the cells’ expression level of uPAR affected the activity of gelatinolytic enzymes. Methods The Plaur gene was both overexpressed and knocked-down in the murine OSCC cell line AT84. Tongue and skin tumours were established in syngeneic mice, and cells were also studied in an ex vivo leiomyoma invasion model. Soluble factors derived from leiomyoma tissue, as well as purified extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, were assessed for their ability to affect uPAR expression, glycosylation and cleavage. Activity of gelatinolytic enzymes in the tissues were assessed by in situ zymography. Results We found that increased levels of uPAR did not induce tumour invasion or metastasis. However, cells expressing low endogenous levels of uPAR in vitro up-regulated uPAR expression both in tongue, skin and leiomyoma tissue. Various ECM proteins had no effect on uPAR expression, while soluble factors originating from the leiomyoma tissue increased both the expression and glycosylation of uPAR, and possibly also affected the proteolytic processing of uPAR. Tumours with high levels of uPAR, as well as cells invading leiomyoma tissue with up-regulated uPAR expression, all displayed enhanced activity of gelatinolytic enzymes. Conclusions Although high levels of uPAR are not sufficient to induce invasion and metastasis, the activity of gelatinolytic enzymes was increased. Furthermore, several tumour microenvironments have the capacity to induce up-regulation of uPAR expression, and soluble factors in the tumour microenvironment may have an important role in the regulation of posttranslational modification of uPAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synnøve Magnussen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Elin Hadler-Olsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nadezhda Latysheva
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Emma Pirila
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sonja E. Steigen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Diagnostic Clinic - Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Robert Hanes
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan-Olof Winberg
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars Uhlin-Hansen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Diagnostic Clinic - Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gunbjørg Svineng
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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234
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Varelas X, Bouchie MP, Kukuruzinska MA. Protein N-glycosylation in oral cancer: dysregulated cellular networks among DPAGT1, E-cadherin adhesion and canonical Wnt signaling. Glycobiology 2014; 24:579-91. [PMID: 24742667 PMCID: PMC4038253 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Linked glycosylation (N-glycosylation) of proteins has long been associated with oncogenesis, but not until recently have the molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship begun to be unraveled. Here, we review studies describing how dysregulation of the N-glycosylation-regulating gene, DPAGT1, drives oral cancer. DPAGT1 encodes the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the assembly of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum and thus mediates N-glycosylation of many cancer-related proteins. DPAGT1 controls N-glycosylation of E-cadherin, the major epithelial cell-cell adhesion receptor and a tumor suppressor, thereby affecting intercellular adhesion and cytoskeletal dynamics. DPAGT1 also regulates and is regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling, impacting the balance between proliferation and adhesion in homeostatic tissues. Thus, aberrant induction of DPAGT1 promotes a positive feedback network with Wnt/β-catenin that represses E-cadherin-based adhesion and drives tumorigenic phenotypes. Further, modification of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) with N-glycans is known to control their surface presentation via the galectin lattice, and thus increased DPAGT1 expression likely contributes to abnormal activation of RTKs in oral cancer. Collectively, these studies suggest that dysregulation of the DPAGT1/Wnt/E-cadherin network underlies the etiology and pathogenesis of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meghan P Bouchie
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria A Kukuruzinska
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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235
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Chang YS, Hsu HT, Ko YC, Yeh KT, Chang SJ, Lin CY, Chang JG. Combined mutational analysis of RAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and TP53 genes in Taiwanese patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 118:110-116.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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236
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Teixeira JH, Silva PM, Reis RM, Moura IM, Marques S, Fonseca J, Monteiro LS, Bousbaa H. An overview of the spindle assembly checkpoint status in oral cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:145289. [PMID: 24995269 PMCID: PMC4065761 DOI: 10.1155/2014/145289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal chromosome number, or aneuploidy, is a common feature of human solid tumors, including oral cancer. Deregulated spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is thought as one of the mechanisms that drive aneuploidy. In normal cells, SAC prevents anaphase onset until all chromosomes are correctly aligned at the metaphase plate thereby ensuring genomic stability. Significantly, the activity of this checkpoint is compromised in many cancers. While mutations are rather rare, many tumors show altered expression levels of SAC components. Genomic alterations such as aneuploidy indicate a high risk of oral cancer and cancer-related mortality, and the molecular basis of these alterations is largely unknown. Yet, our knowledge on the status of SAC components in oral cancer remains sparse. In this review, we address the state of our knowledge regarding the SAC defects and the underlying molecular mechanisms in oral cancer, and discuss their therapeutic relevance, focusing our analysis on the core components of SAC and its target Cdc20.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Henrique Teixeira
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Manuela Silva
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, CBME/IBB, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Rita Margarida Reis
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Inês Moranguinho Moura
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Marques
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Joana Fonseca
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Luís Silva Monteiro
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Hassan Bousbaa
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Centro de Química Medicinal da Universidade do Porto (CEQUIMED-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
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Onken MD, Winkler AE, Kanchi KL, Chalivendra V, Law JH, Rickert CG, Kallogjeri D, Judd NP, Dunn GP, Piccirillo JF, Lewis JS, Mardis ER, Uppaluri R. A surprising cross-species conservation in the genomic landscape of mouse and human oral cancer identifies a transcriptional signature predicting metastatic disease. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:2873-84. [PMID: 24668645 PMCID: PMC4096804 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Improved understanding of the molecular basis underlying oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) aggressive growth has significant clinical implications. Herein, cross-species genomic comparison of carcinogen-induced murine and human OSCCs with indolent or metastatic growth yielded results with surprising translational relevance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Murine OSCC cell lines were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) to define their mutational landscape, to define novel candidate cancer genes, and to assess for parallels with known drivers in human OSCC. Expression arrays identified a mouse metastasis signature, and we assessed its representation in four independent human datasets comprising 324 patients using weighted voting and gene set enrichment analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to stratify outcomes. A quantitative real-time PCR assay based on the mouse signature coupled to a machine-learning algorithm was developed and used to stratify an independent set of 31 patients with respect to metastatic lymphadenopathy. RESULTS NGS revealed conservation of human driver pathway mutations in mouse OSCC, including in Trp53, mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, NOTCH, JAK/STAT, and Fat1-4. Moreover, comparative analysis between The Cancer Genome Atlas and mouse samples defined AKAP9, MED12L, and MYH6 as novel putative cancer genes. Expression analysis identified a transcriptional signature predicting aggressiveness and clinical outcomes, which were validated in four independent human OSCC datasets. Finally, we harnessed the translational potential of this signature by creating a clinically feasible assay that stratified patients with OSCC with a 93.5% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate surprising cross-species genomic conservation that has translational relevance for human oral squamous cell cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 20(11); 2873-84. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Onken
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Otolaryngology, Genetics, Pathology and Immunology, and Neurosurgery; The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine; and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ashley E Winkler
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Otolaryngology, Genetics, Pathology and Immunology, and Neurosurgery; The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine; and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Krishna-Latha Kanchi
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Otolaryngology, Genetics, Pathology and Immunology, and Neurosurgery; The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine; and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Varun Chalivendra
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Otolaryngology, Genetics, Pathology and Immunology, and Neurosurgery; The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine; and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jonathan H Law
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Otolaryngology, Genetics, Pathology and Immunology, and Neurosurgery; The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine; and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Charles G Rickert
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Otolaryngology, Genetics, Pathology and Immunology, and Neurosurgery; The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine; and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Dorina Kallogjeri
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Otolaryngology, Genetics, Pathology and Immunology, and Neurosurgery; The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine; and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nancy P Judd
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Otolaryngology, Genetics, Pathology and Immunology, and Neurosurgery; The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine; and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gavin P Dunn
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Otolaryngology, Genetics, Pathology and Immunology, and Neurosurgery; The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine; and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jay F Piccirillo
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Otolaryngology, Genetics, Pathology and Immunology, and Neurosurgery; The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine; and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - James S Lewis
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Otolaryngology, Genetics, Pathology and Immunology, and Neurosurgery; The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine; and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MissouriAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Otolaryngology, Genetics, Pathology and Immunology, and Neurosurgery; The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine; and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Otolaryngology, Genetics, Pathology and Immunology, and Neurosurgery; The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine; and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MissouriAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Otolaryngology, Genetics, Pathology and Immunology, and Neurosurgery; The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine; and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ravindra Uppaluri
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Otolaryngology, Genetics, Pathology and Immunology, and Neurosurgery; The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine; and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MissouriAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Otolaryngology, Genetics, Pathology and Immunology, and Neurosurgery; The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine; and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
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New Medical/Biologic Paradigms in the Treatment of Bone Tumors. CURRENT SURGERY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40137-014-0055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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239
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Oliveira MVMD, Fraga CADC, Barros LO, Pereira CS, Santos SHS, Basile JR, Gomez RS, Guimarães ALS, De-Paula AMB. High expression of S100A4 and endoglin is associated with metastatic disease in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Exp Metastasis 2014; 31:639-49. [PMID: 24798676 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-014-9655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The presence of cervical metastasis is responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates in individuals with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). S100A4, a pleiotropic EF-hand calcium-binding protein, is expressed in various normal and cancer cell types. During cancer progression, molecular disturbances in S100A4 can modulate the activity and expression of pre-metastatic and metastatic genes. In this study, we investigated the association between S100A4 methylation status and protein expression as well as the expression of the S100A4 related-proteins annexin A2 (ANXA2), matrix metallopeptidase-9, and endoglin, for metastasis and other clinicopathological parameters in HNSCC. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of metastatic and non-metastatic HNSCC and matched cervical lymph node (LN) samples (metastatic LN = mLN, non-metastatic = nmLN, and control LN (lymphadenitis) = cLN) were submitted for methylation specific-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that S100A4 methylation status failed to demonstrate association with cervical metastasis and other clinicopathological factors related to HNSCC. HNSCC samples from patients that presented with metastatic disease showed high S100A4 and endoglin expression (p < 0.05). In conclusion, molecular disturbances in S100A4 and endoglin expression might regulate the formation of cervical metastasis in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Vinícius Macedo de Oliveira
- Nucleus of Epidemiological and Molecular Research Catrumano. Health Research Laboratory. Health Science Post-graduate Programme, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, 39401-001, Brazil
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240
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Rapamycin inhibits Toll-like receptor 4-induced pro-oncogenic function in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2804-10. [PMID: 24737049 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells and is associated with HNSCC cancer progression. Rapamycin has been proven to be efficient for the treatment of HNSCC in vivo, yet the mechanism is not understood and rapamycin demonstrates little effect in vitro. In the present study, the HNSCC cell lines CAL27 and SCC4 were pre-treated with rapamycin then stimulated with a TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, cytokine production, NF-κB and p65 activation were determined. The results indicated that LPS significantly stimulated HNSCC cell proliferation, cytokine production, migration, invasion and resistance to apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Pretreatment with rapamycin significantly attenuated LPS-induced pro-oncogenic effects by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB by LPS. siRNA knockdown of TLR4 in HNSCC cells demonstrated that rapamycin attenuated LPS-induced pro-oncogenic effects via TLR4. Hence, this study suggests rapamycin may be efficient for the treatment of HNSCC by attenuating TLR4-induced pro-oncogenic effects.
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241
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Santiago MB, DE Lima Marson FA, Secolin R, Ribeiro JD, Lima CSP, Bertuzzo CS. SLC23A2-05 (rs4987219) and KRAS-LCS6 (rs61764370) polymorphisms in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1803-1811. [PMID: 24932237 PMCID: PMC4049758 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a genetic disease that is highly influenced by environmental factors. To determine the risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, two polymorphisms, solute carrier family 23 member 2 (SLC23A2-05 [rs4987219]) and v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)-LCS6 (rs61764370), and environmental factors, including smoking and alcohol consumption, were studied in a population. The present study included 165 males diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The control group consisted of 230 healthy male subjects without cancer or a family history of cancer. The SLC23A2-05 and KRAS-LCS6 polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction followed by enzymatic digestion. All patients and healthy subjects were assessed with regard to their smoking habit and alcohol consumption as these are considered to be risk factors for cancer. The statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression, Fisher’s exact and χ2 tests. Additional analyses were performed using the programs, multi-factor dimensionality reduction (MDR; version 2.0) and MDR permutation test (version 0.4.7), which consider all variables as risk factors simultaneously. The results of the present study demonstrate that the SLC23A2-05 and KRAS-LCS6 polymorphisms are not a risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. In the same samples, the association of alcohol consumption (P<0.001) and smoking habit (P<0.001) with cancer presence was positive when each variable was considered individually. Concerning the environmental factors, a positive association of smoking habit and alcohol consumption with cancer, although not with ethnicity (ratio, 1.0244; testing balance accuracy, 0.8733; P<0.001) was identified using the MDR tool, which analyzed the variables and polymorphism genotypes simultaneously. In conclusion, in the present study, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck was highly affected by environmental factors when compared with the affect of SLC23A2-05 and KRAS-LCS6 polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Bueno Santiago
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Pediatrics Research, CIPED, University of Campinas, University City Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto DE Lima Marson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Pediatrics Research, CIPED, University of Campinas, University City Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-887, Brazil ; Department of Pediatrics, Center for Pediatrics Research, CIPED, University of Campinas, University City Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Secolin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Pediatrics Research, CIPED, University of Campinas, University City Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-887, Brazil
| | - José Dirceu Ribeiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Pediatrics Research, CIPED, University of Campinas, University City Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Carmen Sílvia Passos Lima
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, University City Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Carmen Silvia Bertuzzo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Pediatrics Research, CIPED, University of Campinas, University City Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-887, Brazil
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242
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Nathan CAO, Kaskas NM, Ma X, Chaudhery S, Lian T, Moore-Medlin T, Shi R, Mehta V. Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy in the Detection of Head and Neck Precancerous Lesions. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014; 151:73-80. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599814528660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the feasibility of using probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) in the diagnostic differentiation of non-neoplastic lesions from precancerous and cancerous lesions of head and neck patients. Study Design Diagnostic test evaluation. Setting Louisiana State University Health Shreveport. Subjects and Methods Intravenous injection of fluorescein was given to patients with precancerous and cancerous head and neck lesions (n = 21) followed by the use of a 1.8-mm GastroFlex probe in the oral cavity with subsequent biopsies of selected areas. Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy images were compared to histologic evaluation of visualized sites using sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV). Results The dorsal surface of the tongue was not well visualized. The remaining nonkeratinized subsites, including the buccal mucosa, floor of mouth, and ventral tongue, were well visualized. Diagnoses based on pCLE images correlated well with the gold standard diagnoses based on tissue histology. The overall sensitivity for diagnosis of dysplasia versus nondysplasia was 80.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 62.0-98.0), specificity and PPV were 100%, and the NPV was 80.0% (95% CI, 60.0-100.0). The overall specificity, sensitivity, PPV, and NPV for pCLE diagnosis of carcinoma versus nondysplasia were 100%. The overall sensitivity for diagnosis of carcinoma versus dysplasia was 85.7% (95% CI, 73.0-99.0), specificity and PPV were 100%, and the NPV was 80.0% (95% CI, 60.0-100.0). Conclusion The pCLE is a promising method for differentiating between nondysplastic, precancerous, and cancerous lesions of the head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie-Ann O. Nathan
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nadine M. Kaskas
- Louisiana State University Health Shreveport School of Medicine, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shubnum Chaudhery
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Timothy Lian
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tara Moore-Medlin
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Runhua Shi
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Vikas Mehta
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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243
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Giraldo NA, Becht E, Remark R, Damotte D, Sautès-Fridman C, Fridman WH. The immune contexture of primary and metastatic human tumours. Curr Opin Immunol 2014; 27:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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244
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Ntziachristos P, Lim JS, Sage J, Aifantis I. From fly wings to targeted cancer therapies: a centennial for notch signaling. Cancer Cell 2014; 25:318-34. [PMID: 24651013 PMCID: PMC4040351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since Notch phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster were first identified 100 years ago, Notch signaling has been extensively characterized as a regulator of cell-fate decisions in a variety of organisms and tissues. However, in the past 20 years, accumulating evidence has linked alterations in the Notch pathway to tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the protumorigenic and tumor-suppressive functions of Notch signaling, and dissect the molecular mechanisms that underlie these functions in hematopoietic cancers and solid tumors. Finally, we link these mechanisms and observations to possible therapeutic strategies targeting the Notch pathway in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Ntziachristos
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; NYU Cancer Institute and Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jing Shan Lim
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julien Sage
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; NYU Cancer Institute and Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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245
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Genomic DNA copy number alterations from precursor oral lesions to oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:404-12. [PMID: 24613650 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a multifactorial disease in which both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the aetiopathogenesis. Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide with a higher incidence among Melanesian and South Asian countries. More than 90% of oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present study aimed to determine common genomic copy number alterations (CNAs) and their frequency by including 12 studies that have been conducted on OSCCs using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). In addition, we reviewed the literature dealing with CNAs that drive oral precursor lesions to the invasive tumors. Results showed a sequential accumulation of genetic changes from oral precursor lesions to invasive tumors. With the disease progression, accumulation of genetic changes increases in terms of frequency, type and size of the abnormalities, even on different regions of the same chromosome. Gains in 3q (36.5%), 5p (23%), 7p (21%), 8q (47%), 11q (45%), 20q (31%) and losses in 3p (37%), 8p (18%), 9p (10%) and 18q (11%) were the most common observations among those studies. However, losses are less frequent than gains but it appears that they might be the primary clonal events in causing oral cancer.
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246
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Ohnuki H, Jiang K, Wang D, Salvucci O, Kwak H, Sánchez-Martín D, Maric D, Tosato G. Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells activate Dll4/Notch/TGF-β signaling to drive malignant progression. Cancer Res 2014; 74:2038-49. [PMID: 24520074 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells that orchestrate malignant progression in the tumor microenvironment offer targets for a generalized strategy to attack solid tumors. Through an analysis of tumor microenvironments, we explored an experimental model of lung cancer that uncovered a network of Dll4/Notch/TGF-β1 signals that links myeloid cells to cancer progression. Myeloid cells attracted to the tumor microenvironment by the tumor-derived cytokines CCL2 and M-CSF expressed increased levels of the Notch ligand Dll4, thereby activating Notch signaling in the tumor cells and amplifying tumor-intrinsic Notch activation. Heightened Dll4/Notch signaling in tumor cells magnified TGF-β-induced pSMAD2/3 signaling and was required to sustain TGF-β-induced tumor cell growth. Conversely, Notch blockade reduced TGF-β signaling and limited lung carcinoma tumor progression. Corroborating these findings, by interrogating RNAseq results from tumor and adjacent normal tissue in clinical specimens of human head and neck squamous carcinoma, we found evidence that TGF-β/Notch crosstalk contributed to progression. In summary, the myeloid cell-carcinoma signaling network we describe uncovers novel mechanistic links between the tumor microenvironment and tumor growth, highlighting new opportunities to target tumors where this network is active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Ohnuki
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH; Department of Intramural Research National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; and W2Motif, LLC, San Diego, California
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247
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Aarstad HJ, Osthus AA, Olofsson J, Aarstad AKH. Level of distress predicts subsequent survival in successfully treated head and neck cancer patients: a prospective cohort study. Acta Otolaryngol 2014; 134:211-9. [PMID: 24256042 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2013.841989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Our findings indicate a unique survival prediction from general health questionnaire (GHQ) sum scores in successfully treated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients and also to some extent with inclusion of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores. OBJECTIVE To examine the survival prediction from the level of distress, measured by GHQ scores obtained from at inclusion successfully treated HNSCC patients. METHODS Structured interviews were conducted for 135 successfully treated cognitive functioning HNSCC patients 67 ± 31 (mean ± SD) months after diagnosis following a regular follow-up visit. GHQ scores, alcohol consumption history, smoking status, present comorbidities, level of neuroticism, choice of psychological coping with the cancer disease, and HRQoL scores (EORTC QLQ-C30 and -H&N35) were determined. The TNM stage, treatment provided and tumour site were obtained from the hospital records. Forty-three deaths were noted during a minimum 8.5 years of observation. RESULTS The GHQ sum scores predicted survival in univariate (p < 0.05) and multivariate analyses with the above-mentioned covariates included (p < 0.01). Using clinically relevant cut-off levels, GHQ scores predicted survival in both univariate (hazard ratio (HR) 1.9; p = 0.05) and multivariate Cox regression analyses (HR 3.8; p = 0.001). We also demonstrated survival prediction from GHQ scores when adjusted by HRQoL scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jørgen Aarstad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen
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248
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Hung PS, Tu HF, Kao SY, Yang CC, Liu CJ, Huang TY, Chang KW, Lin SC. miR-31 is upregulated in oral premalignant epithelium and contributes to the immortalization of normal oral keratinocytes. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1162-71. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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249
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Li H, Wawrose JS, Gooding WE, Garraway LA, Lui VWY, Peyser ND, Grandis JR. Genomic analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and human tumors: a rational approach to preclinical model selection. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:571-82. [PMID: 24425785 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common type of cancer worldwide. The increasing amount of genomic information on human tumors and cell lines provides more biologic data to design preclinical studies. We and others previously reported whole-exome sequencing data of 106 HNSCC primary tumors. In 2012, high-throughput genomic data and pharmacologic profiling of anticancer drugs of hundreds of cancer cell lines were reported. Here, we compared the genomic data of 39 HNSCC cell lines with the genomic findings in 106 HNSCC tumors. Amplification of eight genes (PIK3CA, EGFR, CCND2, KDM5A, ERBB2, PMS1, FGFR1, and WHSCIL1) and deletion of five genes (CDKN2A, SMAD4, NOTCH2, NRAS, and TRIM33) were found in both HNSCC cell lines and tumors. Seventeen genes were only mutated in HNSCC cell lines (>10%), suggesting that these mutations may arise through immortalization in tissue culture. Conversely, 11 genes were only mutated in >10% of human HNSCC tumors. Several mutant genes in the EGF receptor (EGFR) pathway are shared both in cell lines and in tumors. Pharmacologic profiling of eight anticancer agents in six HNSCC cell lines suggested that PIK3CA mutation may serve as a predictive biomarker for the drugs targeting the EGFR/PI3K pathway. These findings suggest that a correlation of gene mutations between HNSCC cell lines and human tumors may be used to guide the selection of preclinical models for translational research. IMPLICATIONS These findings suggest that a correlation of gene mutations between HNSCC cell lines and human tumors may be used to guide the selection of preclinical models for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Suite 500, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
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Aigelsreiter AM, Aigelsreiter A, Wehrschuetz M, Ress AL, Koller K, Salzwimmer M, Gerger A, Schauer S, Bauernhofer T, Pichler M. Loss of the putative tumor suppressor protein spinophilin is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck cancer. Hum Pathol 2013; 45:683-90. [PMID: 24565202 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The putative tumor suppressor protein spinophilin has been recently involved in the pathogenesis of lung, liver, and other types of cancer. Previous studies also indicate that a loss of spinophilin in combination with functional impairment of p53 drives tumor progression. To date, no data exist about the role of spinophilin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In the present study, we evaluated spinophilin and p53 expression by immunohistochemistry in 85 patients with nonmetastatic HNSCC. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox proportional models were used to define the prognostic relevance of spinophilin for patients with HNSCC. Overall, immunoreactivity for spinophilin was reduced in 40 tumors (47%). Nine cases (10.5%) showed complete loss of spinophilin. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis demonstrated that reduced spinophilin expression is associated with poor overall survival (P = .022). Concomitant analysis of spinophilin and p53 further showed that patients with reduced spinophilin expression and nuclear p53 staining have a significantly decreased overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-3.61; P = .030). In conclusion, the combination of reduced spinophilin expression and nuclear p53 staining indicates a poor prognosis in HNSCC patients. Based on our results, spinophilin might play a previously unrecognized role in the pathogenesis of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna Lena Ress
- Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Koller
- Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Michaela Salzwimmer
- Department of General Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Schauer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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