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Walker K, Yates J, Dening T, Völlm B, Tomlin J, Griffiths C. Staff perspectives on barriers to and facilitators of quality of life, health, wellbeing, recovery and reduced risk for older forensic mental-health patients: A qualitative interview study. J Health Serv Res Policy 2022; 27:287-300. [PMID: 35584368 DOI: 10.1177/13558196221094512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a lack of research informing service delivery for older forensic mental health patients. This study explored service provision in forensic mental health inpatient and community services in England, investigating what is required for progress in terms of quality of life, health, wellbeing, recovery and reduced risk, and the barriers and facilitators associated with this. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 48 members of staff working with older forensic mental health patients in secure inpatient units or the community in England. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Two global themes 'What works' and 'What doesn't work' were identified comprising themes representing environmental, interpersonal and individual factors. 'What works' included: positive social support and relationships; individualised holistic patient-centred care; hub and spoke approach to patient care; and suitable environments. 'What doesn't work' included: absence of/or maladaptive relationships with family and friends; gaps in service provision; and unsuitable environments. CONCLUSIONS For older patients to progress to improved quality of life, health, wellbeing and reduced risk, multilevel and comprehensive support is required, comprising a range of services, interventions, and multidisciplinary input, and individualised to each patient's needs. The physical environment needs to be adapted for older patients and provide a social environment that seeks to include supportive families, friends and expert professional input. A clear patient progression pathway is required; this must be reflected in policy and provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Walker
- Research Associate, Innovation and Research Department, Berrywood Hospital, 8954Northampton Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Jen Yates
- Assistant Professor, Mental Health, Institute of Mental Health, 6123University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Tom Dening
- Professor, Dementia Research, Institute of Mental Health, 235792University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Birgit Völlm
- Director, Klinik und Poliklinik für Forensische Psychiatrie, University Hospital of Rostock, Germany
| | - Jack Tomlin
- Research Fellow, School of Law and Criminology, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Griffiths
- Senior Research and Evaluation Fellow, Innovation and Research Department, Berrywood Hospital, Northampton Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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202
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Shepherd-Banigan M, Jones KA, Sullivan C, Wang K, Clark AG, Van Houtven C, Olsen JM. Individual and program Characteristics May Drive Variability in Outcomes After Caregivers Participate in a Tailored Support Intervention. J Appl Gerontol 2022; 41:1960-1970. [PMID: 35575158 PMCID: PMC9364230 DOI: 10.1177/07334648221091564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Critically needed programs designed to support family caregivers have shown
inconsistent reductions in stress and burden. To explore drivers of improvement
in caregiver outcomes after participation in a support intervention we analyzed
data from a one-on-one, tailored problem-solving intervention targeting
caregiver wellbeing (2015–2019, n = 503). We explored data
patterns across 21 individual, household, and program-level variables using
elastic net regression to identify drivers of improvements, and their relative
importance. Baseline subjective burden, baseline depressive symptom scores,
baseline caregiver problem solving, African American race, and site and coach
fixed effects were the most consistent drivers of changes across the explored
caregiver outcomes. Caregiver and program characteristics may be promising
avenues to target to decrease distress and burden during intervention design.
Interventions focusing on highly distressed caregivers may lead to greater
improvements. More research is needed to identify how site or interventionists
characteristics drive positive intervention effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Shepherd-Banigan
- Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kelley A Jones
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Caitlin Sullivan
- Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ke Wang
- Rosalynn Carter Institute for Caregivers, Georgia Southwestern State University, Americus, GA, USA
| | - Amy G Clark
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Courtney Van Houtven
- Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer M Olsen
- Rosalynn Carter Institute for Caregivers, Georgia Southwestern State University, Americus, GA, USA
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203
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Factors Influencing Sexual Health Service Use by South Asian Immigrant Men Living in Ontario, Canada: A Qualitative Study. SEXES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sexes3020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: South Asian communities comprise one of the fastest-growing populations in Canada, but there is a paucity of research on if and how immigrant men use sexual health services. Objectives: Our study aimed to understand factors influencing sexual health service use by South Asian immigrant men living in Ontario, Canada. Methods: An interpretive description (ID) research methodology was used, followed by Braun and Clarke’s thematic guidelines to collect and analyze data. Altogether, 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted between May and July 2021 with South Asian immigrant men between 20 and 45 years of age in Ontario. Results: We found that culture shaped the overall perception and use of sexual health services, while the perceived severity of sexual illness also affected the utilization of preventative care. Moreover, there are taboos about sexual health, and while sex positivity and sex negativity exist, sexual health information is shared with trusted sources. We also found South Asian men shared sexual health more openly by following a lifestyle that normalizes sexual health discussions rather than South Asian cultural norms. Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the individual, structural and cultural determinants of health influencing sexual health service use to strengthen existing health communication strategies to improve service utilization for diverse communities in Canada.
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204
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Abbott L, Lemacks J, Greer T. Development and Evaluation of a Measure for Social Support Provided by Friends during Lifestyle Management Programs. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:901. [PMID: 35628038 PMCID: PMC9140622 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a public health crisis that contributes to chronic disease prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. Nutrition and physical activity are risk factors for many chronic diseases including cancer and cardiovascular disease, the leading causes of death in the United States. Lifestyle management programs to address obesity and potential sequelae such as chronic conditions have shown efficacy, with social support an important factor in interventions. Instruments that assess social support specifically provided by friends are lacking but could be important predictors of program success. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the 10-item Social Support to Eat Better and Move More instrument that was developed and designed to measure support from friends that influence dietary and physical activity behaviors during lifestyle management programs. Data were collected during a cross-sectional study using purposive sampling strategies among adult residents of two southern states. Statistical analysis was conducted to examine latent factors, internal consistency, and convergent and predictive validity. These preliminary results indicated that the Social Support to Eat Better and Move More instrument had excellent internal consistency for the overall measure (α = 0.96) as well as for informational support (α = 0.97), emotional support (α = 0.96), and encouragement (α = 0.97). The tool related well to another general social support measure as well as to diet, physical activity, and health-related variables, and it can be a useful measure in lifestyle management studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Abbott
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jennifer Lemacks
- College of Nursing and Health Professions, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA;
| | - Tammy Greer
- School of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 339406, USA;
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205
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Habeger AD, Connell TDJ, Harris RL, Jackson C. Promoting Burnout Prevention Through a Socio-Ecological Lens. Dela J Public Health 2022; 8:70-75. [PMID: 35692986 PMCID: PMC9162404 DOI: 10.32481/djph.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been increased attention on the role of indirect trauma and the need for burnout prevention for behavioral health workers. Though frontline workers traditionally serve high needs and vulnerable populations, pandemic challenges have involved service delivery pivots to meet social distancing and safety guidelines, and have resulted in staff shortages and increased caseloads, increased use of maladaptive coping skills such as substance use, and increased mental health concerns within the workforce. Secondary traumatic stress and vicarious trauma within the workforce have often been linked with increased feelings of burnout. A socio-ecological model can provide a multilevel framework for addressing burnout and increasing resiliency among frontline workers. This article discusses recommendations for preventing burnout on an individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and societal level. Prevention interventions include increasing training, mentorship, peer support, supervision, organizational culture, and interdisciplinary licensure efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy D Habeger
- Associate Professor, Social Work, Delaware State University
| | - Tana D J Connell
- Associate Professor, Social Work, Delaware State University
- Assistant Professor, Social Work, Delaware State University
- Opioid Outreach Specialist, NCALL Research, Inc
- FSCC Projects Director, Delaware Department Health and Social Services
| | - Rona L Harris
- Associate Professor, Social Work, Delaware State University
- Assistant Professor, Social Work, Delaware State University
- Opioid Outreach Specialist, NCALL Research, Inc
- FSCC Projects Director, Delaware Department Health and Social Services
| | - Chanda Jackson
- Associate Professor, Social Work, Delaware State University
- Assistant Professor, Social Work, Delaware State University
- Opioid Outreach Specialist, NCALL Research, Inc
- FSCC Projects Director, Delaware Department Health and Social Services
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206
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Welter CR, Herrera Y, Uskali AL, Seweryn S, Call L, Lasky S, Agbodo N, Ezike NO. Assessing Local Public Health Agency Alignment With Public Health 3.0: A Content Analysis of Illinois Community Health Improvement Plans. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2022; 28:E645-E652. [PMID: 34750326 PMCID: PMC8957484 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Public Health 3.0 described the need for public health agencies and the public health workforce to transform and obtain new skills and approaches to address the social determinants of health (SDOH) through cross-sectoral partnerships and collective action. OBJECTIVE To assess the current state of local health departments' Public Health 3.0 alignment through interventions and initiatives documented in community health improvement plans (CHIPs). METHOD We conducted a content analysis of Illinois CHIPs from July to November 2020. A coding framework aligned with Public Health 3.0 concepts was developed on the basis of constructs from the literature, faculty expertise, and preliminary reviews of the CHIPs. Two researchers deductively coded for health priorities and interventions in Microsoft Excel 2016 and calculated the number of CHIPs in which each code appeared. RESULTS Ninety CHIPs representing 98 counties across the state were analyzed; 2 CHIPs were excluded because of a lack of strategies. Our content analysis found that 13% (n = 12) of CHIPs had explicit priorities related to SDOH and 12% (n = 11) included interventions that addressed socioeconomic factors. Ten percent (n = 9) of CHIPs proposed multilevel multicomponent interventions. Eighty-nine percent (n = 80) of CHIPs included community-level interventions, and 53% (n = 48) of CHIPs included policy, systems, and environmental strategies focused on specific health content. The majority of CHIPs (96%; n = 86) had at least 1 partnership strategy. Thirty-two percent (n = 29) of CHIPs mentioned the use of an evidence-based strategy. CONCLUSIONS Our content analysis found opportunities to improve Illinois public health agencies' Public Health 3.0 capacities and capability. Findings are limited to this data source and definitions of the Public Health 3.0 attributes, leaving room for practice and research opportunities to develop operational definitions of Public Health 3.0; capacity building to improve the public health workforce readiness; and research and evaluation to measure improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R Welter
- Division of Health Policy and Administration (Dr Welter and Mss Herrera and Uskali), Policy, Practice and Prevention Research Center (Dr Welter and Mss Herrera and Uskali), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics Division (Dr Seweryn), School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Center for Community Capacity Development, Illinois Public Health Institute, Chicago, Illinois (Mss Call and Lasky); and Division of Health Data and Policy (Dr Agbodo), Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH), Chicago, Illinois (Dr Ezike)
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207
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Mehta AB, Lockhart S, Reed K, Griesmer C, Glasgow RE, Moss M, Douglas IS, Morris MA. Drivers of Burnout Among Critical Care Providers: A Multicenter Mixed-Methods Study. Chest 2022; 161:1263-1274. [PMID: 34896094 PMCID: PMC9131031 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical care practitioners have some of the highest levels of burnout in health care. RESEARCH QUESTION What are key drivers of burnout across the multidisciplinary ICU team? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a multicenter mixed-methods cohort study in ICUs at three diverse hospitals. We recruited physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other staff members who worked primarily in an ICU. Participants completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI) and a qualitative focus group or interview using a phenomenologic approach. MBI subscales for emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of personal accomplishment were calculated. Emergent shared themes contributing to burnout were identified from qualitative interviews. RESULTS Fifty-eight providers (26 physicians, 22 nurses, six respiratory therapists, three pharmacists, and one case manager) participated. Ten participants (17.9%) described their burnout as moderate to high. However, participants scored moderate or high levels across the three MBI subscales (emotional exhaustion, 71.4%; depersonalization, 53.6%; and lack of personal achievement, 53.6%). Drivers of burnout aligned with three core themes: patient factors, team dynamics, and hospital culture. Individual drivers included medically futile cases, difficult families, contagiousness of burnout, lack of respect between team members, the increasing burden of administrative or regulatory requirements at the cost of time with patients, lack of recognition from hospital leadership, and technology. All were highly interconnected across the three larger domains. Despite differences in MBI scores, most provider types described very similar drivers of burnout. INTERPRETATION High levels of burnout were identified through the MBI, but participants did not self-report high levels of burnout, suggesting a lack of awareness. Drivers of burnout were highly interconnected, but factors related to team dynamics and hospital culture were most prominent and shared across provider types. The shared drivers of burnout across multiple provider types highlights the need for interventions focused on team- and system-level drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj B Mehta
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health & Hospital Association, Denver, CO; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
| | - Steven Lockhart
- Adult and Child Consortium for Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Kathryne Reed
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health & Hospital Association, Denver, CO
| | - Christine Griesmer
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - Russell E Glasgow
- Adult and Child Consortium for Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Marc Moss
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Ivor S Douglas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health & Hospital Association, Denver, CO; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Megan A Morris
- Adult and Child Consortium for Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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208
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Li Y, Miller HJ, Root ED, Hyder A, Liu D. Understanding the role of urban social and physical environment in opioid overdose events using found geospatial data. Health Place 2022; 75:102792. [PMID: 35366619 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder is a serious public health crisis in the United States. Manifestations such as opioid overdose events (OOEs) vary within and across communities and there is growing evidence that this variation is partially rooted in community-level social and economic conditions. The lack of high spatial resolution, timely data has hampered research into the associations between OOEs and social and physical environments. We explore the use of non-traditional, "found" geospatial data collected for other purposes as indicators of urban social-environmental conditions and their relationships with OOEs at the neighborhood level. We evaluate the use of Google Street View images and non-emergency "311" service requests, along with US Census data as indicators of social and physical conditions in community neighborhoods. We estimate negative binomial regression models with OOE data from first responders in Columbus, Ohio, USA between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017. Higher numbers of OOEs were positively associated with service request indicators of neighborhood physical and social disorder and street view imagery rated as boring or depressing based on a pre-trained random forest regression model. Perceived safety, wealth, and liveliness measures from the street view imagery were negatively associated with risk of an OOE. Age group 50-64 was positively associated with risk of an OOE but age 35-49 was negative. White population, percentage of individuals living in poverty, and percentage of vacant housing units were also found significantly positive however, median income and percentage of people with a bachelor's degree or higher were found negative. Our result shows neighborhood social and physical environment characteristics are associated with likelihood of OOEs. Our study adds to the scientific evidence that the opioid epidemic crisis is partially rooted in social inequality, distress and underinvestment. It also shows the previously underutilized data sources hold promise for providing insights into this complex problem to help inform the development of population-level interventions and harm reduction policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Li
- Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, United States.
| | - Harvey J Miller
- Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, United States; Center for Urban and Regional Analysis, The Ohio State University, United States
| | - Elisabeth D Root
- Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, United States; College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, United States
| | - Ayaz Hyder
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, United States
| | - Desheng Liu
- Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, United States
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209
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Guevara SA, Donaldson A, Keegan RJ, Appaneal RN, Smyth EA, Waddington G, Mahony K, Drew MK. Stakeholder insights into athlete attrition in the high-performance pathway. J Sci Med Sport 2022; 25:755-763. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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210
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Blumberg R, Fowler E, Bai Y, Lal P, Smolen A, Dubrovsky I. An Investigation of Social Ecological Barriers to and Facilitators of WIC Farmers Market Nutrition Program Voucher Redemption. Nutrients 2022; 14:1871. [PMID: 35565837 PMCID: PMC9099787 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the United States, many communities lack sufficient access to fresh produce. To improve access to fresh fruits and vegetables, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides eligible participants vouchers through the Farmers Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) that can be redeemed directly from farmers at markets or farm stands. However, FMNP voucher redemption rates in New Jersey remain lower than those in neighboring states. This article used the social ecological model to examine differences between FMNP participants who redeem vouchers (Redeemers) and those who do not (non-Redeemers) in the areas of: produce procurement practices and consumption frequency, and barriers to and facilitators of FMNP voucher redemption. This cross-sectional study included WIC FMNP participants (N = 329) in northern New Jersey, USA. Analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, and one-way ANOVA. Compared to Redeemers, non-Redeemers consumed fewer average daily vegetable servings, were more likely to shop at small grocery/corner stores, and encountered significant barriers to FMNP redemption, e.g., difficulty finding time to redeem vouchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Blumberg
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; (E.F.); (Y.B.); (A.S.); (I.D.)
| | - Emily Fowler
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; (E.F.); (Y.B.); (A.S.); (I.D.)
| | - Yeon Bai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; (E.F.); (Y.B.); (A.S.); (I.D.)
| | - Pankaj Lal
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Clean Energy and Sustainability Analytics Center, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA;
| | - Alyssa Smolen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; (E.F.); (Y.B.); (A.S.); (I.D.)
| | - Ilana Dubrovsky
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; (E.F.); (Y.B.); (A.S.); (I.D.)
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211
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Flynt Wallington S, Greaney M, Rampa S, Cummings C. Using 3 Assessment Tools to Measure Patient Health Literacy in Rhode Island at Federally Qualified Community Health Centers. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2022.2048751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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212
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Song HY, Kim JH. Smartphone Use Type, Fear of Missing Out, Social Support, and Smartphone Screen Time Among Adolescents in Korea: Interactive Effects. Front Public Health 2022; 10:822741. [PMID: 35372183 PMCID: PMC8965802 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.822741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine the relationship between intrapersonal factors, interpersonal factors, smartphone screen time, and the moderating roles of interpersonal factors, on the basis of the ecological model. This study is a cross-sectional and descriptive study. A total of 428 participants from four public middle schools were selected through convenience sampling (55.1% female; Mean age 13.0 ± 0.78). Data were collected through self-report questionnaires that contained questions about sociodemographic characteristics, intrapersonal factors (types of smartphone use, Fear of missing out—FoMO), interpersonal factors (support from parents, teachers, and peers), and smartphone screen time. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression. The daily smartphone screen time was 4.05 ± 2.16 h. Results showed that social media (β = 0.155), games (β = 0.140), and FoMO (β = 0.227) were positively associated with smartphone screen time, while educational videos (β = −0.130) and parental support (β = −0.212) were negatively associated with smartphone screen time. Peers support moderated the association between games and smartphone screen time. Parental support moderated the association between educational videos, videos/movies/TV, and smartphone screen time. The findings highlight the direct and interactive roles of intrapersonal and interpersonal factors in predicting adolescents' smartphone screen time. Based on this study, the intrapersonal and interpersonal factors of adolescents should be comprehensively considered to intervene in their proper smartphone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Song
- College of Nursing, Woosuk University, Chonbuk, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Kim
- College of Nursing, Woosuk University, Chonbuk, South Korea
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213
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Simpson RF, Hesketh KR, Ellis K, van Sluijs EM. What research evidence exists about physical activity in parents? A systematic scoping review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054429. [PMID: 35387812 PMCID: PMC8987757 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the known benefits of physical activity (PA) to physical and mental health, many people fail to achieve recommended PA levels. Parents are less active than non-parent contemporaries and constitute a large potential intervention population. However, little is known about the breadth and scope of parental PA research. This scoping review therefore aimed to provide an overview of the current evidence base on parental PA. METHODS Four databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Scopus) were systematically searched to identify peer-reviewed articles focusing on parental PA from 2005 onwards, including interventional, observational or qualitative study designs. Title and abstract screening was followed by duplicate full-text screening. Data extracted for all articles (100% checked by a second reviewer) included study design, proportion of fathers and ages of children. For interventional/observational studies, PA assessment method and factors examined or targeted based on the socio-ecological model were extracted, and questions addressed in qualitative studies. RESULTS Of 14 913 unique records retrieved, 213 articles were included; 27 articles reported on more than one study design; 173 articles reported on quantitative (81 cross-sectional, 26 longitudinal and 76 interventional) and 58 on qualitative data. Most articles originated from North America (62%), and 53% included only mothers, while 2% included only fathers. Articles most frequently represented parents of infants (56% of articles), toddlers (43%), preschoolers (50%) and primary-school aged children (49%). Most quantitative articles only reported self-reported PA (70%). Observational articles focused on individual correlates/determinants (88%). Likewise, most interventions (88% of articles) targeted individual factors. Most qualitative articles explored PA barriers and facilitators (57%). CONCLUSIONS A range of quantitative and qualitative research has been conducted on parental PA. This review highlights opportunities for evidence synthesis to inform intervention development (such as barriers and facilitators of parental PA) and identifies gaps in the literature, for example, around paternal PA. REVIEW REGISTRATION osf.io/qt9up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn R Hesketh
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Kate Ellis
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
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Agyemang DO, Madden EF, English K, Venner KL, Handy R, Singh TP, Qeadan F. The mediation and moderation effect of social support on the relationship between opioid misuse and suicide attempts among native American youth in New Mexico: 2009-2019 Youth Risk Resiliency Survey (NM-YRRS). BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:243. [PMID: 35382787 PMCID: PMC8985366 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide attempt and opioid misuse continue to be major behavioral health challenges among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN). The aim of the study is to evaluate the mediating and moderating role that social support (SS) plays in their association among AI/AN high-school students in New Mexico (NM). METHODS An aggregated NM Youth Resiliency and Risk Survey (NM-YRRS, 2009-2019: odd years) dataset was used. Multivariable logistic regression modeling and mediation analysis were conducted while adjusting for confounding variables. RESULTS Overall, 12.0 and 14.0% of AI/AN students reported opioid misuse and suicide attempt, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio of suicide attempt in students with high SS relative to low SS who misused opioids was 0.43 (p-value = 0.007). The effect of high SS relative to low SS among males who misused opioids was more pronounced (AOR = 0.24, p-value < 0.0001) compared to females (AOR = 0.43, p-value = 0.007). Relative to low SS, high SS was protective for suicide attempt among AI/AN students who misused opioids and attended school in off-reservation (AOR = 0.42, p-value = 0.012) communities, rural communities (AOR = 0.44, p = 0.040), and in communities that are both rural and off-reservation (AOR = 0.39, p = 0.035). Overall, 23.64, and 41.05% of the association between opioid misuse, and suicide attempt was mediated and moderated by SS, respectively. The mediation effect of SS was lowest for rural, on-reservation schools. CONCLUSION More resources need to be allocated to rural on-reservation schools to enhance social support. The study highlights key insights into the significant role SS plays in promoting health and mitigating the association between opioid misuse and suicide attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Opoku Agyemang
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Erin Fanning Madden
- grid.254444.70000 0001 1456 7807Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Kevin English
- Albuquerque Area Southwest Tribal Epidemiology Center, Santa Fe, NM USA
| | - Kamilla L. Venner
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Psychology, Center on Alcohol, Substance use, And Addiction (CASAA), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Rod Handy
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Tejinder Pal Singh
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Fares Qeadan
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, US, United States.
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Zhou M, Ramírez AS, Chittamuru D. Toward a Recipe for Deep versus Surface Level Tailoring: Mixed-Methods Validation of Message Features to Reduce Sugary Beverage Consumption. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 27:211-221. [PMID: 35730401 PMCID: PMC9391283 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2022.2089301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Targeted marketing contributes to the overconsumption of sugary beverages, which contributes to obesity and diabetes disparities among African American and Latino populations in the U.S. Health communicators can similarly use culturally tailored messages to decrease sugary beverage consumption among these groups, yet the specific strategies to operationalize cultural tailoring-the message components essential for such tailoring-are ill-described. We sought to identify and validate authentically created, culturally tailored messages using a multiple step mixed-methods approach. First, we used a snowball approach to identify nutrition education messages targeting ethnic minorities about reducing sugary beverage consumption (N = 85). Via content analysis, we assessed message features (character gender and race/ethnicity), level of change of the appeal (individual or social), and level of cultural tailoring (surface level tailoring in the form of matching character gender and race/ethnicity with target audience versus deep structural tailoring in the form of appealing to values is an effective message strategy). The highest-rated videos were then validated by a sample of the target audience using a quantitative survey and qualitative comments (N = 76). The results inform theorizing on message tailoring and provide a validated pool of culturally relevant messages intended both to reduce intentions to consume sugary beverages and to engage in social change actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Public Health, University of California
Merced, Merced, USA
| | - A. Susana Ramírez
- Department of Public Health, University of California
Merced, Merced, USA
| | - Deepti Chittamuru
- Department of Public Health, University of California
Merced, Merced, USA
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216
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Su Z, Cheshmehzangi A, McDonnell D, Chen H, Ahmad J, Šegalo S, da Veiga CP. Technology-Based Mental Health Interventions for Domestic Violence Victims Amid COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4286. [PMID: 35409967 PMCID: PMC8998837 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Domestic violence is a threat to human dignity and public health. Mounting evidence shows that domestic violence erodes personal and public health, spawning issues such as lifelong mental health challenges. To further compound the situation, COVID-19 and societies' poor response to the pandemic have not only worsened the domestic violence crisis but also disrupted mental health services for domestic violence victims. While technology-based health solutions can overcome physical constraints posed by the pandemic and offer timely support to address domestic violence victims' mental health issues, there is a dearth of research in the literature. To bridge the research gap, in this study, we aim to examine technology-based mental health solutions for domestic violence victims amid COVID-19. METHODS A literature review was conducted to examine solutions that domestic violence victims can utilize to safeguard and improve their mental health amid COVID-19. Databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus were utilized for the literature search. The search was focused on four themes: domestic violence, mental health, technology-based interventions, and COVID-19. A reverse search of pertinent references was conducted in Google Scholar. The social ecological model was utilized to systematically structure the review findings. RESULTS The findings show that a wide array of technology-based solutions has been proposed to address mental health challenges faced by domestic violence victims amid COVID-19. However, none of these proposals is based on empirical evidence amid COVID-19. In terms of social and ecological levels of influence, most of the interventions were developed on the individual level, as opposed to the community level or social level, effectively placing the healthcare responsibility on the victims rather than government and health officials. Furthermore, most of the articles failed to address risks associated with utilizing technology-based interventions (e.g., privacy issues) or navigating the online environment (e.g., cyberstalking). CONCLUSION Overall, our findings highlight the need for greater research endeavors on the research topic. Although technology-based interventions have great potential in resolving domestic violence victims' mental health issues, risks associated with these health solutions should be comprehensively acknowledged and addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ali Cheshmehzangi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; (A.C.); (H.C.)
- Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability (NERPS), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Dean McDonnell
- Department of Humanities, Institute of Technology Carlow, R93 V960 Carlow, Ireland;
| | - Hengcai Chen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; (A.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Junaid Ahmad
- Prime Institute of Public Health, Peshawar Medical College, Warsak Road, Peshawar 25160, Pakistan;
| | - Sabina Šegalo
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
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217
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Zhou M, Chittamuru D, Ha S, Schillinger D, Ramírez AS. Protocol: Effectiveness of message content and format on individual and collective efficacy in reducing the intention to consume sugar-sweetened beverages. Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 115:106711. [PMID: 35189374 PMCID: PMC9018616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The strategic use of media is a common approach to promote health. A large body of evidence identifies specific features that increase message efficacy, including tailoring messages to the target audience and using a storytelling format. Yet most message testing research has focused on individual-level outcomes, ignoring the social and environmental determinants of health behaviors, which require collective action and political will to change. Grounded in an ecological approach to communication, we will carry out two double-blinded randomized experiments to test the relative effectiveness of message tailoring (culturally-tailored vs. standard) and format (narrative vs. didactic) to increase the intention to reduce individual sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, the understanding of social and commercial determinants of health, and the sense of empowerment among young adult Latinas. Based on power analyses (80% power at alpha = 0.05), we will randomize 438 participants to two groups (traditional standard infographic and culturally-tailored infographic) in the first study, and 662 participants to two groups (culturally-tailored infographic and culturally-tailored comic book) in the second study. All participants will be measured by a pre-treatment test and an immediate post-treatment test. We hypothesize that culturally-tailored comic book will be most effective, and traditional standard infographic will be least effective, on all levels of outcomes. This study will provide empirical evidence in communication strategies to help young Latinos or other racial/ethnic minority young people to pursue positive dietary behaviors that both benefit themselves and contribute to change of social norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- University of California Merced, Merced, United States.
| | | | - Sandie Ha
- University of California Merced, Merced, United States
| | - Dean Schillinger
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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218
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Männikkö N, Ojala P, Hylkilä K, Kääriäinen M, Vähänikkilä H, Mustonen T. The effects of an early intervention on adults' gaming-related problems - a pilot study. J Addict Dis 2022; 40:501-513. [PMID: 35353652 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2022.2030640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Gaming Disorder (GD) has been recognized as an official psychiatric condition characterized by individuals' impaired control over gaming, continuous gaming despite the occurrence of negative side-effects, and gaming taking increasing priority over other important areas of life, thus leading to significant impairments in their everyday lives. To date few prevention and treatment programs have been developed. The present pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of an early psycho-educational intervention for young adults with excessive gaming behaviors. A one-group pre- and post-test design without a control group was used. A total of 22 young adults (20 males and 2 females) aged between 18 and 28 (M = 23.05, SD = 3.02) years old, engaged with the intervention. The severity of gaming-related problems, average gaming time per day, quality of life, and mental well-being were assessed at pretest and post-test stages. Participants demonstrated a slight reduction in gaming time (d = 0.13, p = .545 for weekdays, and d = 0.08, p = .714 for weekend days) and in the severity of problematic gaming (d = 0.17, p = .411) over the three-month intervention period. Changes in neither gaming-related measures nor self-assessed quality of life (p > .01) and mental well-being (d = 0.23, p = .288) reached statistical significance, however. Regardless of limitations on sample size, this study shows encouraging signs that this brief 10-session and three-month educational intervention can achieve positive effects on gaming behavior. A larger scale investigation is needed to develop the intervention further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Männikkö
- School of Health and Social Care, Oulu University of Applied Sciences, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paula Ojala
- Well-Being Services, City of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Krista Hylkilä
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maria Kääriäinen
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hannu Vähänikkilä
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Arctic Biobank, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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219
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Ellis A, Jung SE, Palmer F, Shahan M. Individual and Interpersonal Factors Affecting Dietary Intake of Community-Dwelling Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:1-29. [PMID: 35318906 PMCID: PMC9002146 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As older adults are at higher risk for severe illness and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection, social distancing has been a primary means of mitigating risk. However, this lifestyle change may impact eating habits and food choices. The aim of this study was to explore individual and interpersonal factors affecting the eating behaviors and dietary intake of community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative data were analyzed using a deductive content analysis approach to identify themes. SETTING Southeastern United States. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-three men and women, 60 years of age and older (mean age 71.9 ± 7.7, 22% male) completed both the interview and questionnaire. RESULTS Themes that emerged at the individual level included changes in eating habits and foods eaten, with most participants reporting healthier food choices during the pandemic. Participants also reported more frequent cooking, improved cooking skills, and cooking as a form of stress relief. Although some older adults described increased snacking and consumption of "comfort foods", others noted no influence of mood on food choices. At the interpersonal level, an increased use of technology for social interaction and the importance of social support were identified as influencing factors. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide insight on how to help older adults maintain good nutrition amidst lifestyle changes imposed by social distancing. Nutrition educators may capitalize on positive behavior changes that occurred during the pandemic such as increased cooking and increased use of technology for social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Ellis
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, Russell Hall, Box 870311, Tuscaloosa, AL35487, USA
| | - Seung Eun Jung
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, Russell Hall, Box 870311, Tuscaloosa, AL35487, USA
| | - Frankie Palmer
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, Russell Hall, Box 870311, Tuscaloosa, AL35487, USA
| | - Mackinsey Shahan
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, Russell Hall, Box 870311, Tuscaloosa, AL35487, USA
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220
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Deans E, Ravulo J, Conroy E, Abdo J. A qualitative study exploring young offenders' perspectives on alcohol and other drug health promotion. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:568. [PMID: 35317763 PMCID: PMC8941814 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drugs and alcohol can cause significant harm to individuals, families and communities. Young offenders represent an important population group, which often sport many characteristics that make them highly vulnerable to experiencing harm from drug use. For decades, research has shown the complexity of health behaviours and the need to consider consumer perspectives to respond and support different populations effectively. Methods This study utilised qualitative inquiry to explore young offenders’ (aged 13 to 18 years) experiences with drug use. The study sought to discern the pathways to drug dependencies for young people and to understand how community organisations can better support young people involved with the justice system. Results Three themes were identified in the data. First, the clear lack of knowledge about how to reduce harm from drug use among young offenders. Second, the structural and environmental influences on drug use and the need to develop personal skills and knowledge, alongside advocating for supportive environments for good health. Third, the power and hope that a youth advocate with lived experience can bring to the harm prevention and health promotion field. Conclusions Community services have an integral role in ensuring drug and alcohol education is accessible for different youth populations. Importantly, health promotion organisations should raise awareness about the environmental influences on drug use behaviours, and work deliberately to include consumer perspectives in the design and planning of prevention and harm reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joseph Abdo
- University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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221
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Franken R, Bekhuis H, Tolsma J. Running Together: How Sports Partners Keep You Running. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:643150. [PMID: 35368415 PMCID: PMC8966768 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.643150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined how recreational runners benefit from running with others to maintain a consistent training regimen over time. We used data from the ABS project (“Always Keep Active”). Our sample consisted of more than 800 individuals who had registered to participate in the 2019 edition of the 7K or 15K Seven Hills Run (Nijmegen, The Netherlands) for the first time. Taking advantage of this three-wave, individual-level panel data, we found that increases over time in the number of co-runners (of any ability level) are related to increases in the number of weekly running sessions. The probability of turning up at the Seven Hills Run was positively related to the number of equally or less competent co-runners, and to the number with whom respondents also discussed important matters on a frequent basis. Our recreational athletes differed in the extent to which they expressed social motivations to run. However, among these athletes, the positive impact of sports partners on sport outcomes did not depend on the importance of social motives. Our study demonstrates that social networks play an important role in maintaining a consistent training habit and in reaching set goals (i.e., participating in a race).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Franken
- Department of Sociology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Rob Franken
| | - Hidde Bekhuis
- Department of Orthopedagogics: Learning and Development, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jochem Tolsma
- Department of Sociology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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HIV and STI Testing Preferences for Men Who Have Sex with Men in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19053002. [PMID: 35270694 PMCID: PMC8910668 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Regular testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI) is recommended at least annually for sexually active men who have sex with men (MSM) in most high-income countries. To encourage regular use of HIV and STI testing and treatment services for MSM, we reviewed the literature to summarise the attributes of an HIV/STI testing service that MSM prefer. Method: We conducted a scoping review, searching PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL in January 2020 for articles reporting primary data on the preferences of MSM (living in high-income countries) for HIV/STI testing services. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts and any discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. We extracted data on the service attributes that MSM preferred and summarised these thematically using a socioecological framework. Results: In total, 1464 publications were identified, 220 full texts were read and 57 were included in the final analysis. We found 21 articles addressing ‘individual’ attributes, 50 articles addressing ‘service’ attributes and 17 articles addressing ‘societal’ attributes. The key themes of preferences for HIV/STI testing services were: (1) the appeal of self-testing due to convenience and privacy; (2) the need to provide a variety of testing options; and (3) the influence of the testing experience, including confidentiality and privacy, tester characteristics and stigma. There were distinct patterns of preferences for subpopulations of MSM across studies, such as the preference of self-testing for young MSM, and of in-clinic testing for those who perceived themselves as high risk (i.e., with symptoms of STIs or exposed to a partner living with HIV). Conclusion: To make HIV/STI testing more accessible for MSM and encourage regular screening, it is important to address ‘individual’, ‘service’ and ‘societal’ attributes, such as enhancing the convenience of testing through self-testing, and providing a service that men feel comfortable and safe accessing. Furthermore, services should accommodate the preferences of diverse sub-populations within the MSM community.
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223
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"It's not just the hit itself": the social practice of injecting drug use among gay and bisexual men in Australia. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2022; 103:103642. [PMID: 35247865 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injecting drug use is purportedly more common among gay and bisexual men (GBM) than the general Australian population. Approaches designed to support the wellbeing of people who inject drugs may not be effective for GBM who inject, due to divergent settings, substances, and/or symbolism. We sought to identify the critical elements shaping injecting among GBM as a social practice and the implications for health and psychosocial wellbeing. METHODS We conducted 19 in-depth interviews with GBM in Australia with lifetime experience of injecting drug use, adopting the Frameworks Method for data analysis. Framed by social practice theory, transcripts were coded to delineate the constituent material, competency, and meaning elements of GBM's injecting practices. We developed themes encompassing the dynamic interrelationship between practice elements and wellbeing aspects. RESULTS Of 19 participants interviewed (aged 24-60 years), 17 identified as gay, two as bisexual. Injecting histories ranged from 2-32 years; most injected methamphetamine (n = 18). Injecting involved the integration of sexual function with substances and injecting skills in dyadic/communal settings. Beyond traditional harm reduction aspects, 'safe injecting' concerned trustworthiness of fellow practitioners, preventing addiction, and maintaining a solid self-concept. Injecting occurred as a dyadic/communal practice, in which an uneven distribution of materials (substances, sexual capital) and competencies (self-injecting) influenced risk and power dynamics. Pleasurable meanings of belonging, desirability and self-actualisation - gained from communities of practice - conflicted with injecting-related stigma, social dependencies, and fear of harms to body, mind, and sense of self. CONCLUSION Injecting is a heterogenous practice, including among GBM. Shifting configurations of its composite elements influence GBM's perceptions and experiences of pleasure, risk, and harms. Efforts to support their wellbeing should take a dyadic/communal approach and seek to rectify the uneven distribution of material and competency elements in these settings.
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224
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Alliott O, Ryan M, Fairbrother H, van Sluijs E. Do adolescents' experiences of the barriers to and facilitators of physical activity differ by socioeconomic position? A systematic review of qualitative evidence. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13374. [PMID: 34713548 PMCID: PMC7613938 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to systematically identify and synthesize qualitative data on adolescents' experiences of the barriers to and facilitators of physical activity to understand whether these differ by socioeconomic position. Multiple databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, PsycINFO, and ERIC) were searched in August 2020. Duplicate title/abstract and full text screening was conducted. Studies were included if they reported qualitative data collected from adolescents (aged 10-19), a measure of socioeconomic position and focused on physical activity. Studies not published in English or published before 2000 were excluded. Relevant data were extracted and methodological quality assessed (in duplicate). Data were analyzed using Thomas and Harden's methods for the thematic synthesis. Four analytical themes emerged from the 25 included studies: (1) social support, (2) accessibility and the environment, (3) other behaviors and health, and (4) gendered experiences. These themes appeared across socioeconomic groups; however, their narratives varied significantly. For example, provision and access to local facilities was discussed as a facilitator to middle and high socioeconomic adolescents, but was a barrier to low socioeconomic adolescents. These findings can be used to inform how different socioeconomic groups may benefit from, or be disadvantaged by, current interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Alliott
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mairead Ryan
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Esther van Sluijs
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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225
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El-Bassel N, Mukherjee TI, Stoicescu C, Starbird LE, Stockman JK, Frye V, Gilbert L. Intertwined epidemics: progress, gaps, and opportunities to address intimate partner violence and HIV among key populations of women. Lancet HIV 2022; 9:e202-e213. [PMID: 35151376 PMCID: PMC10009883 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(21)00325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The intersection of intimate partner violence and HIV is a public health problem, particularly among key populations of women, including female sex workers, women who use drugs, and transgender women, and adolescent girls and young women (aged 15-24 years). Intimate partner violence results in greater risk of HIV acquisition and creates barriers to HIV prevention, testing, treatment, and care for key populations of women. Socioecological models can be used to explain the unique multilevel mechanisms linking intimate partner violence and HIV. Few interventions, modelling studies, and economic evaluations that concurrently address both intimate partner violence and HIV exist, with no interventions tailored for transgender populations. Most combination interventions target individual-level risk factors, and rarely consider community or structural factors, or evaluate cost-efficacy. Addressing intimate partner violence is crucial to ending the HIV epidemic; this Review highlights the gaps and opportunities for future research to address the intertwined epidemics of intimate partner violence and HIV among key populations of women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trena I Mukherjee
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claudia Stoicescu
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Centre for Criminology, Oxford Law Faculty, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Centre for Evidence-Based Social Intervention, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura E Starbird
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jamila K Stockman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Frye
- School of Medicine, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louisa Gilbert
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Boelens M, Raat H, Wijtzes AI, Schouten GM, Windhorst DA, Jansen W. Associations of socioeconomic status indicators and migrant status with risk of a low vegetable and fruit consumption in children. SSM Popul Health 2022; 17:101039. [PMID: 35198723 PMCID: PMC8841774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is important to provide insight in potential target groups for interventions to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in children's vegetable/fruit consumption. In earlier studies often single indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) or migrant status have been used. However, SES is a multidimensional concept and different indicators may measure different SES dimensions. Our objective is to explore multiple associations of SES indicators and migrant status with risk of a low vegetable/fruit consumption in a large multi-ethnic and socioeconomically diverse sample of children. Methods We included 5,010 parents of 4- to 12-year-olds from a Dutch public health survey administered in 2018. Cross-sectional associations of parental education, material deprivation, perceived financial difficulties, neighbourhood socioeconomic status (NSES) and migrant status with low (≤4 days a week) vegetable and fruit consumption in children were assessed using multilevel multivariable logistic regression models. Results are displayed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Of the 4- to 12-year-olds, 22.1% had a low vegetable consumption and 11.9% a low fruit consumption. Low (OR 2.51; 95%CI: 2.05, 3.07) and intermediate (OR 1.83; 95%CI: 1.54, 2.17) parental education, material deprivation (OR 1.45; 95%CI: 1.19, 1.76), low NSES (OR 1.28; 95%CI: 1.04, 1.58) and a non-Western migrant status (OR 1.94; 95%CI: 1.66, 2.26) were associated with a higher risk of a low vegetable consumption. Low (OR 1.68; 95%CI: 1.31, 2.17) and intermediate (OR 1.39; 95%CI: 1.12, 1.72) parental education and material deprivation (OR 1.63; 95%CI: 11.27, 2.08) were also associated with a higher risk of a low fruit consumption. Conclusion Our findings indicate associations of multiple SES indicators and migrant status with a higher risk of a low vegetable/fruit consumption in children and thus help to identify potential target groups. Vegetable and fruit consumptions on 4 days or less a week is reported for respectively 22.1% and 11.9% of children. Children's vegetable but not fruit consumption differs between neighbourhoods. A non-Western migrant status and a low socio-economic status of the neighbourhood are associated with low vegetable consumption. Low/intermediate education and material deprivation are associated with low vegetable and fruit consumption. This study provides clues to potential entry points for reducing inequalities in vegetable and fruit consumption.
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van Heijster H, van Berkel J, Boot CRL, Abma T, de Vet E. Stakeholder dialogue on dilemmas at work as a workplace health promotion intervention including employees with a low SEP: a Responsive Evaluation. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:407. [PMID: 35227228 PMCID: PMC8883621 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the perceived changes of an innovative workplace health promotion intervention and evaluation. In this study, a bottom-up approach was taken to define the central themes and relevant outcomes of an intervention. These central themes and relevant outcomes of the intervention were defined together with stakeholders, including employees with a low socioeconomic position. Methods The intervention consisted of a series of structured stakeholder dialogues in which dilemmas around the – by employees defined —health themes were discussed. The intervention was implemented in a harbor service provider with approximately 400 employees. Over a two-year period, 57 participants engaged in eight dialogues of one hour. 15 interviews and six participant observations took place for the evaluation of the intervention. Results Together with the stakeholders, high workload and mental health were defined as central themes for the dialogue intervention in the male-dominated workplace. The dialogue intervention contributed to changes, on different levels: individual, team, and organization. Overall, the stakeholder dialogues advanced the understanding of factors contributing to high workload and mental health. In reply to this, several actions were taken on a organizational level. Conclusions Taking a bottom-up approach in WHP allows to understand the health issues that are important in the daily reality of employees with a low socioeconomic position. Through this understanding, workplace health promotion can become more suitable and relevant for employees with a low socioeconomic position. Trial registration Netherlands Trial Register (NRT): NL8051. Registration date: 28/09/2019, Retrospectively registered https://www.trialregister.nl Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12802-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke van Heijster
- Department of Social Sciences, Chair Group Consumption & Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University & Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Jantien van Berkel
- Department of Social Sciences, Chair Group Consumption & Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University & Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Cécile R L Boot
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tineke Abma
- Department Public Health, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Emely de Vet
- Department of Social Sciences, Chair Group Consumption & Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University & Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Amoah PA, Musalia J, Abrefa Busia K. Health Behaviors and Health Literacy: Questing the Role of Weak Social Ties Among Older Persons in Rural and Urban Ghana. Front Public Health 2022; 10:777217. [PMID: 35296048 PMCID: PMC8919952 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.777217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Older persons are one of the most vulnerable groups as regards low health literacy. However, little is known about the extent of limitations and multi-faceted nature of their health literacy, such as its characteristics and social and geographical dimensions. Additionally, most existing studies have predominantly treated health literacy as a risk factor of health and wellbeing of older persons as opposed to an outcome that must be pursued. Objectives This study investigated the moderating role of weak social ties (bridging social capital) in the relationship between health behaviors, such as smoking, alcohol intake, voluntary body check-up and physical exercise, and health literacy among older persons in rural and urban Ghana. Methods Data was drawn from a cross-sectional survey comprising 522 respondents across five administrative regions in Ghana. Ordinary Least Squares regression technique was used to analyse the data. Results Older persons in urban areas had higher health literacy [Mean/Standard deviation (SD) = 9.1/4.1 vs. 10.1/4.2] as well as higher bridging social capital (Mean/SD = 2.0/1.2 vs. 1.6/0.9) than their rural counterparts. Bridging social capital was negatively associated with the health literacy of urban residents (B = -0.997, p < 0.01). We found evidence that smoking (B = -0.787, p < 0.05) and undertaking physical activities (B = 0.812, p < 0.01) were associated with health literacy of older persons in rural areas. Having voluntary body check-ups (B = 0.155, p < 0.01) was associated with health literacy in urban areas. Bridging social capital negatively moderated the association of smoking with health literacy in rural areas (B = -5.032, p < 0.01), but it instead positively modified the relationship between alcohol intake and health literacy in urban areas (B = 0.185, p < 0.05). Conclusion For policymakers and practitioners aiming to promote older persons' health literacy as a public health asset at individual and community levels, an important starting point to achieving such goals is to understand the fundamental indicators (e.g., health behaviors) and the role that social and geographical factors play in shaping their health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmore Adusei Amoah
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Graduate Studies, Institute of Policy Studies, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John Musalia
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, United States
| | - Kwaku Abrefa Busia
- Department of Sociology and Social Policy, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Skiba MB, Lopez-Pentecost M, Werts SJ, Ingram M, Vogel RM, Enriquez T, Garcia L, Thomson CA. Health Promotion Among Mexican-Origin Survivors of Breast Cancer and Caregivers Living in the United States-Mexico Border Region: Qualitative Analysis From the Vida Plena Study. JMIR Cancer 2022; 8:e33083. [PMID: 35200150 PMCID: PMC8914737 DOI: 10.2196/33083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hispanic survivors of cancer experience increased cancer burden. Lifestyle behaviors, including diet and physical activity, may reduce the cancer burden. There is limited knowledge about the posttreatment lifestyle experiences of Hispanic survivors of cancer living on the United States–Mexico border. Objective This study aims to support the development of a stakeholder-informed, culturally relevant, evidence-based lifestyle intervention for Mexican-origin Hispanic survivors of cancer living in a border community to improve their dietary quality and physical activity. Methods Semistructured interviews with 12 Mexican-origin Hispanic survivors of breast cancer and 7 caregivers were conducted through internet-based teleconferencing. The interviews explored the impact of cancer on lifestyle and treatment-related symptoms, perception of lifestyle as an influence on health after cancer, and intervention content and delivery preferences. Interviews were analyzed using a deductive thematic approach grounded in the Quality of Cancer Survivorship Care Framework. Results Key survivor themes included perception of Mexican diet as unhealthy, need for reliable diet-related information, perceived benefits of physical activity after cancer treatment, family support for healthy lifestyles (physical and emotional), presence of cancer-related symptoms interfering with lifestyle, and financial barriers to living a healthy lifestyle. Among caregivers, key themes included effects of the cancer caregiving experience on caregivers’ lifestyle and cancer-preventive behaviors and gratification in providing support to the survivors. Conclusions The interviews revealed key considerations to the adaptation, development, and implementation of a theory-informed, evidence-based, culturally relevant lifestyle program to support lifestyle behavior change among Mexican-origin Hispanic survivors of cancer living in border communities. Our qualitative findings highlight specific strategies that can be implemented in health promotion programming aimed at encouraging cancer protective behaviors to reduce the burden of cancer and comorbidities in Mexican-origin survivors of cancer living in border communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan B Skiba
- Biobehavioral Health Science Division, College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Melissa Lopez-Pentecost
- Department of Clinical Translational Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Samantha J Werts
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Maia Ingram
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rosi M Vogel
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Lizzie Garcia
- Mariposa Community Health Center, Nogales, AZ, United States
| | - Cynthia A Thomson
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Menardo E, De Dominicis S, Pasini M. Exploring Perceived and Objective Measures of the Neighborhood Environment and Associations with Physical Activity among Adults: A Review and a Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:2575. [PMID: 35270267 PMCID: PMC8909183 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to understand factors that promote physical activities (PA) because it is one of the modifiable risk factors for global mortality. None of the previous reviews considered both perceived and objective characteristics of the same environment. The first aim was to review the literature on studies investigating the relationship between PA behavior of adults and perceived and objective physical environment measures. The second aim was to verify the potential mediational role of the perceived measure in the relationship between the objective measure of the environment and PA using meta-analytic SEM. Only 15 studies reported a relationship between PA and both environmental measures. One of the most studied characteristics of the physical environment is the accessibility to recreational/PA facilities. Both objective and subjective measures of accessibility to PA facilities are associated with PA. Meta-SEM results suggest a significant effect of the objective accessibility to facilities on PA behavior (β = 0.15) and on the perceived measure (β = 0.10), but the indirect effect was not significant. No significant effect was found for the perceived measure on PA, suggesting that individuals' level of awareness about their environments may have played a role. This prompts a need to create awareness campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Menardo
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Stefano De Dominicis
- Coaching Psychology Unit, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Margherita Pasini
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
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Blue Bird Jernigan V, Taniguchi T, Haslam A, Williams MB, Maudrie TL, Nikolaus CJ, Wetherill MS, Jacob T, Love CV, Sisson S. Design and Methods of a Participatory Healthy Eating Intervention for Indigenous Children: The FRESH Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:790008. [PMID: 35296044 PMCID: PMC8920553 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.790008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To increase vegetable and fruit intake, reduce body mass index (BMI), and improve parental blood pressure among American Indian families. Design Randomized, wait-list controlled trial testing a multi-level (environmental, community, family, and individual) multi-component intervention with data collection at baseline and 6 months post-intervention. Setting Tribally owned and operated Early Childhood Education (ECE) programs in the Osage Nation in Oklahoma. Participants American Indian families (at least one adult and one child in a ECE program). A sample size of 168 per group will provide power to detect differences in fruit and vegetable intake. Intervention The 6-month intervention consisted of a (1) ECE-based nutrition and gardening curriculum; (2) nutrition education and food sovereignty curriculum for adults; and (3) ECE program menu modifications. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome is increase in fruit and vegetable intake, assessed with a 24-h recall for adults and plate weight assessments for children. Secondary outcomes included objective measures of BMI among adults and children and blood pressure among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valarie Blue Bird Jernigan
- Center for Indigenous Health Research and Policy, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States,*Correspondence: Valarie Blue Bird Jernigan
| | - Tori Taniguchi
- Center for Indigenous Health Research and Policy, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Alyson Haslam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mary B. Williams
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Tara L. Maudrie
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cassandra J. Nikolaus
- Institute for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Marianna S. Wetherill
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Tvli Jacob
- Center for Indigenous Health Research and Policy, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Charlotte V. Love
- School of Health Care Administration, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Susan Sisson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Allied Health, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Responding to Health Disparities in Behavioral Weight Loss Interventions and COVID-19 in Black Adults: Recommendations for Health Equity. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022; 9:739-747. [PMID: 35192179 PMCID: PMC8862701 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has disproportionately impacted Black adults with high prevalence and mortality rates. Obesity is a central factor in the severity of COVID-19 and related treatment. Behavioral weight loss interventions are an efficacious treatment for obesity, but consistently, Black men and women are minimally represented, and weight loss outcomes are less than clinically significant thresholds. This commentary draws parallels between COVID-19 racial disparities, disparate obesity rates, weight loss treatment outcomes, and underlying systemic racial context. This paper also indicates paths forward to address racialized societal norms in obesity treatment to advance health equity in obesity and reduce acute disease vulnerability. Recommendations for behavioral medicine practice and policy include (1) expanding the research lens to prioritize Black scholars and institutions to generate innovative research questions, (2) creating trustworthy relationships with Black community members to bolster recruitment and retention, (3) employing qualitative methods to facilitate better intervention design and uncover influences of racialized social context, (4) centering Black adults in weight loss interventions, and (5) using multilevel approaches that integrate policy into interventions. Moving forward, this commentary aims to make plain the multilayered form and function of racism, its impact on COVID-19 and obesity, and offer pathways to improve behavioral weight loss interventions that can produce more equitable outcomes.
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Assessing the Impact of a New Urban Greenway Using Mobile, Wearable Technology-Elicited Walk- and Bike-Along Interviews. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality, causing an estimated 3.3 million deaths worldwide. Characteristics of the built environment, including buildings, public spaces, pedestrian and cycling infrastructure, transportation networks, parks, trails and green spaces can facilitate or constrain physical activity. However, objective study of built environment interventions on physical activity remains challenging due to methodological limitations and research gaps. Existing methods such as direct observations or surveys are time and labour intensive, and only provide a static, cross-sectional view of physical activity at a specific point in time. The aim of this study was to develop a novel method for objectively and inexpensively assessing how built environment changes may influence physical activity. We used a novel, unobtrusive method to capture real-time, in situ data from a convenience sample of 25 adults along a newly constructed urban greenway in an area of high deprivation in Belfast, UK. Walk/bike-along interviews were conducted with participants using a body-worn or bicycle-mounted portable digital video camera (GoPro HERO 3+ camera) to record their self-determined journeys along the greenway. This is the first study to demonstrate the feasibility of using wearable sensors to capture participants’ responses to the built environment in real-time during their walking and cycling journeys. These findings contribute to our understanding of the impact of real-world environmental interventions on physical activity and the importance of precise, accurate and objective measurements of environments where the activity occurs.
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Graham M, Dixon K, Azevedo LB, Wright MD, Innerd A. A socio-ecological examination of the primary school playground: Primary school pupil and staff perceived barriers and facilitators to a physically active playground during break and lunch-times. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261812. [PMID: 35108298 PMCID: PMC8809583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Using Brofenbrenner's socio-ecological model as a conceptual framework, the objective of this study was to determine playground users (primary school staff and pupils) perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to a physically active school playground at an intra-personal (individual), inter-personal (social), environmental and policy level. Results from a series of qualitative interactions with children (n = 65) from years five and six (9 to 11 years old), and structured interviews with adult teachers (n = 11) revealed key differences in the child and adult perceptions of the playground and the purpose of break-times. A number of inter-related environmental boundaries and school policies were identified as restrictive to children's explorations and activity levels during 'free play' periods, which centred on resource availability, accessibility and health and safety. Further, traditional playground hierarchies act to promote and prevent physical activity engagement for different groups (e.g. gender and age). Finally, differences between the adult and child perception of the primary school playground were observed. Playground physical activity, during break-times appears to be affected by a number of variables at each level of the socio-ecological model. This study provides an opportunity for primary schools to reflect on primary school playground strategies and practices that are implemented at each level of the socio-ecological model to encourage a more effective use of the playground during school break-times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Graham
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Dixon
- Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Liane B. Azevedo
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D. Wright
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Innerd
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
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235
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Kappi A, Martel M. Parental Barriers in Seeking Mental Health Services for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: Systematic Review. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:408-425. [PMID: 33472504 DOI: 10.1177/1087054720986909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many children at risk for negative outcomes related to untreated attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) do not receive necessary mental healthcare. Parents' mental health-seeking behavior is important in the early identification of ADHD and preventing comorbidities with ADHD. Parents may experience some barriers that may delay or stop parents from seeking mental healthcare for their children. METHOD This systematic review summarized existing evidence of parents' barriers to seeking mental healthcare for their children at risk of ADHD. RESULTS This review included 21 studies that address different parental barriers under the three levels of the social-ecological model, including individual, interpersonal, and community levels. CONCLUSION Raising parents' awareness of the process of seeking mental healthcare has the potential to help identify children at risk for ADHD earlier. Developing psychoeducational intervention that improves parents' seeking behavior and reduces barriers toward seeking mental healthcare is needed.
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236
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Bor P, van Delft L, Valkenet K, Veenhof C. Perceived Factors of Influence on the Implementation of a Multidimensional Project to Improve Patients' Movement Behavior During Hospitalization: A Qualitative Study. Phys Ther 2022; 102:6423599. [PMID: 34751782 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzab260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore perceived factors of influence on the implementation of Hospital in Motion, a multidimensional and multidisciplinary implementation project to improve inpatients' movement behavior. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted on 4 wards. Per ward, a tailored action plan was implemented consisting of multiple tools and interventions to stimulate the integration of inpatient physical activity in usual care processes. After implementation, semi-structured interviews were performed with health care professionals and patients to explore perceived factors of influence on the implementation of the Hospital in Motion project. A content analysis was performed using the framework of the Medical Research Council for complex interventions as guidance for the identification of categories and themes. RESULTS In total, 16 interviews were conducted with health care professionals and 12 with patients. The results were categorized into the 3 key components of the Medical Research Council framework: implementation, mechanisms of impact, and context. An important factor of influence within the theme "implementation" was the iterative and multidisciplinary approach. Within the theme "mechanisms of impact," continuous attention and the interaction of multiple interventions, tailored to the target group and targeting multiple dimensions (individual, inter-professional, community and society), were perceived as important. Within the theme "context," the intrinsic motivation and inter-professional, community and societal culture towards physical activity was perceived to be of influence. CONCLUSION Impact can be achieved and maintained by creating continuous attention to inpatient physical activity and by the interaction between different interventions and dimensions during implementation. To maintain enough focus, the amount of activities at one time should be limited. IMPACT To improve inpatients' movement behavior, implementation project teams should be multidisciplinary and should implement a small set of tailored interventions that target multiple dimensions. Intermediate evaluation of the implementation process, strategies, and interventions is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bor
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science and Sports, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lotte van Delft
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science and Sports, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Valkenet
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science and Sports, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Research Group Innovation of Human Movement Care, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Expertise Center Healthy Urban Living, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cindy Veenhof
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science and Sports, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Research Group Innovation of Human Movement Care, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Expertise Center Healthy Urban Living, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Sud A, Molska GR, Salamanca-Buentello F. Evaluations of Continuing Health Provider Education Focused on Opioid Prescribing: A Scoping Review. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2022; 97:286-299. [PMID: 34074902 PMCID: PMC8781229 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Continuing health provider education (HPE) is an important intervention supported by health policy to counter the opioid epidemic; knowledge regarding appropriate program design and evaluation is lacking. The authors aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of evaluations of opioid-related continuing HPE programs and their appropriateness as interventions to improve population health. METHOD In January 2020, the authors conducted a systematic search of 7 databases, seeking studies of HPE programs on opioid analgesic prescribing and overdose prevention. Reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts of all studies and then assessed the full texts of all studies potentially eligible for inclusion. The authors extracted a range of data using categories for evaluating complex programs: the use of theory, program purpose, inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes, and industry involvement. Results were reported in a narrative synthesis. RESULTS Thirty-nine reports on 32 distinct HPE programs met inclusion criteria. Of these 32, 31 (97%) were U.S./Canadian programs and 28 (88%) were reported after 2010. Measurements of changes in knowledge and confidence were common. Performance outcomes were less common and typically self-reported. Most studies (n = 27 [84%]) used concerns of opioid-related harms at the population health level to justify the educational intervention, but only 5 (16%) measured patient- or population-level outcomes directly related to the educational programs. Six programs (19%) had direct or indirect opioid manufacturer involvement. CONCLUSIONS Continuing HPE has been promoted as an important means of addressing population-level opioid-related harms by policymakers and educators, yet published evaluations of HPE programs focusing on opioid analgesics inadequately evaluate patient- or population-level outcomes. Instead, they primarily focus on self-reported performance outcomes. Conceptual models are needed to guide the development and evaluation of continuing HPE programs intended to have population health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu Sud
- A. Sud is assistant professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8354-6153
| | - Graziella R. Molska
- G.R. Molska was research coordinator, Bridgepoint Collaboratory for Research and Innovation, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada at the time this work was completed
| | - Fabio Salamanca-Buentello
- F. Salamanca-Buentello is a postdoctoral fellow, Bridgepoint Collaboratory for Research and Innovation, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3666-7785
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Forsberg H, Eliason MJ. Healthcare Providers' Pregnancy Prevention Counseling of Trans and Non-Binary Assigned Female at Birth (TNB/AFAB) Patients. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2022; 69:356-383. [PMID: 32960736 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2020.1819713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transgender and non-binary people assigned female at birth (TNB/AFAB) have unintended pregnancies, but there is a dearth of information about effective pregnancy prevention care for this population. This needs assessment study aimed at discerning pregnancy prevention care best practices involved interviews of 20 healthcare providers solicited for experience providing pregnancy counseling with this group. Findings were organized via the ecological model, revealing four layers of themes. 1) Social structural level themes related to the gender binary system and other forms of oppression (racism, sexism, heterosexism); 2) the systems level theme related to access to and barriers to care; 3) provider level themes included lack of formal education, need to provide trauma-informed care, and provider discomfort or assumptions; and 4) patient-level themes included the fact that patients do not usually raise issues related to contraception and that TNB/AFAB patients have unique contraception needs. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Forsberg
- Department of Health Education, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michele J Eliason
- Department of Health Education, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
- San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
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239
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Winkler CA, Campbell JA, Nielsen KA, Broughten RM, Crusan AC, Husebo SM. Interprofessional education workshop on aging: student perceptions of interprofessional collaboration, aging, and cultural fluency. J Interprof Care 2022; 35:9-16. [DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2021.1981263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carey A. Winkler
- Department of Social Work, Henrietta Schmoll School of Health, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jill A. Campbell
- Department of Nursing, Henrietta Schmoll School of Health, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Kelli A. Nielsen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Henrietta Schmoll School of Health, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Renee M. Broughten
- Department of Interprofessional Education, Henrietta Schmoll School of Health, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Stacy M. Husebo
- Department of Social Work, Henrietta Schmoll School of Health, Saint Paul, MN, USA
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240
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Kamaludin NN, Muhamad R, Mat Yudin Z, Zakaria R. Barriers and Concerns in Providing Sex Education among Children with Intellectual Disabilities: Experiences from Malay Mothers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031070. [PMID: 35162094 PMCID: PMC8834534 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Though sex education (SE) may benefit the sexual development and overall well-being of children with intellectual disabilities (IDs), obstacles to its implementation remain. This study highlights barriers and concerns of SE for children with IDs based on their mothers’ experiences. We employed a phenomenological approach and in-depth interviews with twenty Malay mothers of children with mild-to-moderate IDs or/and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Four primary hurdles to SE were discovered: (1) mother (2) children (3) family value, and (4) socio-cultural environment. Inadequate knowledge, mothers’ perceptions that SE is less necessary at this stage of their children’s development, and time constraints were among their main barriers. Another source of hardship was the communication barrier because children with ID have cognitive impairment in their capacity to understand the topic being addressed and more time should be spent throughout the discussion. Family value and socio-cultural elements also had an impact on mothers’ intention to deliver SE to their children. Our findings suggest that mothers recognize the importance of SE for their children’s well-being. However, the dynamic interaction between the barriers complicates SE. This study emphasizes the necessity for future interventions to overcome hurdles at each level to effectively implement the recommended strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Nabilah Kamaludin
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (N.N.K.); (R.Z.)
| | - Rosediani Muhamad
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (N.N.K.); (R.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zainab Mat Yudin
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Rosnani Zakaria
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (N.N.K.); (R.Z.)
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241
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Wittels P, Kay T, Mansfield L. The Family Is My Priority: How Motherhood Frames Participation in Physical Activity in a Group of Mothers Living in a Low Socioeconomic Status Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1071. [PMID: 35162095 PMCID: PMC8833933 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) is known to influence strongly both life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. Whilst there are multiple factors with complex interactions that provide the explanation for this observation, differences in the uptake of physical activity between high and low SES groups play a role. This in-depth qualitative study set out to understand the response of a group of mothers with young children living in a low SES area of a London (UK) borough to the current physical activity guidance and to investigate whether existing and established interventions based on behavior change are appropriate for this group. A series of three in depth interviews was carried out with the mothers (n = 20) over a period of 16 months, and the data collected were analyzed thematically. Four main themes were identified: (1) mothering comes before exercise; (2) mothers are a special case; (3) alone or together; and (4) facilities fail mothers. The mothers were unsure about the benefits of exercise, whether it was relevant for them and how to accommodate exercise alongside their mothering responsibilities. Family and peer group could be both a barrier and a facilitator to participation in physical activity. Without an in depth understanding of the role of physical activity in the lives of mothers of young children, behavior change-based public interventions are likely to fail to meet the needs of this group. A reduction in the current health inequities will only be possible when the needs of the mothers are acknowledged and used as the basis of appropriate public health guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Wittels
- Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;
| | - Tess Kay
- Independent Researcher, Leicestershire LE87 2GA, UK;
| | - Louise Mansfield
- Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;
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242
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Identifying barriers to ART initiation and adherence: An exploratory qualitative study on PMTCT in Zambia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262392. [PMID: 35025923 PMCID: PMC8757984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Though antiretroviral therapy (ART) is widely available, HIV positive pregnant women in Zambia are less likely to start and remain on therapy throughout pregnancy and after delivery. This study sought to understand readiness to start ART among HIV pregnant women from the perspectives of both women and men in order to suggest more holistic programs to support women to continue life-long ART after delivery. Methods We conducted a qualitative study with HIV positive pregnant women before and after ART initiation, and men with female partners, to understand readiness to start lifelong ART. We conducted 28 in-depth interviews among women and 2 focus group discussions among male partners. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed in NVivo 12 using thematic analysis. Emerging themes from the data were organized using the social ecological framework. Results Men thought of their female partners as young and needing their supervision to initiate and stay on ART. Women agreed that disclosure and partner support were necessary preconditions to ART initiation and adherence and, expressed fear of divorce as a prominent barrier to disclosure. Maternal love and desire to look after one’s children instilled a sense of responsibility among women which motivated them to overcome individual, interpersonal and health system level barriers to initiation and adherence. Women preferred adherence strategies that were discrete, the effectiveness of which, depended on women’s intrinsic motivation. Conclusion The results support current policies in Zambia to encourage male engagement in ART care. To appeal to male partners, messaging on ART should be centered on emphasizing the importance of male involvement to ensure women remain engaged in ART care. Programs aimed at supporting postpartum ART adherence should design messages that appeal to both men’s role in couples’ joint decision-making and women’s maternal love as motivators for adherence.
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243
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Gorman JM, Gorman SE, Sandy W, Gregorian N, Scales DA. Implications of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Results of Online Bulletin Board Interviews. Front Public Health 2022; 9:757283. [PMID: 35111712 PMCID: PMC8802137 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.757283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Reluctance to accept vaccination against COVID-19 poses a significant public health risk and is known to be a multi-determined phenomenon. We conducted online focus groups, or "bulletin boards," in order to probe the nature of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its implications. Participants were 94 individuals from three distinct U.S. geographical areas and represented a range of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Six themes emerged from the 3 day-long bulletin boards: the most trusted source of health information sought is the personal physician; information about health is nevertheless obtained from a wide variety of sources; stories about adverse side effects are especially "sticky"; government health institutions like CDC and FDA are not trusted; most respondents engaged in individualistic reasoning; and there is a wide spectrum of attitudes toward vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William Sandy
- Department of Medicine, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Nellie Gregorian
- Department of Medicine, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, United States
| | - David A. Scales
- Critica Inc., Bronx, NY, United States
- Fluent LLC, New York City, NY, United States
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244
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Poon IO, Skelton F, Bean LR, Guinn D, Jemerson T, Mbue ND, Charles CV, Ndefo UA. A Qualitative Analysis to Understand Perception about Medication-Related Problems among Older Minority Adults in a Historically Black Community. PHARMACY 2022; 10:pharmacy10010014. [PMID: 35076623 PMCID: PMC8788468 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy10010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults taking multiple chronic medications experience an increased risk of adverse drug events and other medication-related problems (MRP). Most current literature on medication management involves researcher-driven intervention, yet few studies investigate patients' understanding of MRP in a diverse community setting. This report investigates patients' perception of MRP and patient-centered strategies among a cohort of the older adult group in a historically Black urban community. The study design is qualitative using structured open-ended questions in a multidisciplinary patient-centered focus group. Patients (age 65 years or older) taking seven or more medications were recruited. The group comprises patients, caregivers, pharmacists, health educators, a physician, and a nurse. Recordings of the group discussion are transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic content analysis and categorized by codes developed from the social-ecological model. The group reports patient-provider relationships, previous experience, fear of side effects played important roles in medication adherence. There is an unmet need for medication management education and tools to organize complex medication lists from multiple providers. This study provides important insights into MRP experienced by minority older adults and provided researchers with potential strategies for future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy O. Poon
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA; (C.V.C.); (U.A.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-313-4400
| | - Felicia Skelton
- Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lena R. Bean
- Aging and Intergenerational Resources, Division of Student Services, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA; (L.R.B.); (T.J.)
| | - Dominique Guinn
- Department of Health Kinesiology and Sports Studies, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA;
| | - Terica Jemerson
- Aging and Intergenerational Resources, Division of Student Services, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA; (L.R.B.); (T.J.)
| | - Ngozi D. Mbue
- Nelda C. Stark College of Nursing, Texas Woman University, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Creaque V. Charles
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA; (C.V.C.); (U.A.N.)
| | - Uche A. Ndefo
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA; (C.V.C.); (U.A.N.)
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245
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She R, Lau MMC, Lau JTF. Potential joint effects of perceptions related to COVID-19 and future social development on depressive symptoms: a Chinese population-based study. J Ment Health 2022; 31:534-542. [PMID: 34994290 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2021.2022612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant negative socio-political, economic, and psychological consequences. AIMS To investigate the impact of individual-level (illness representations of COVID-19) and structurally derived (anticipated social-political development in the economy, security, and social harmony in the next year) factors, and their potential moderation effects on depressive symptoms. METHODS An anonymous population-based telephone survey was conducted among the general public of Hong Kong, China during 3-10 April 2020 (n = 300, response rate 56%). Depressive symptoms were assessed by the validated Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. RESULTS Of the participants, 8.7% showed probable moderate-to-severe depression. Hierarchical linear regression models showed that illness representations of personal/treatment control and emotional responses and anticipated deterioration in social harmony were independently and significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Anticipated deterioration in security significantly moderated the associations between perceived consequence/treatment control of COVID-19 and depressive symptoms, such that the associations were stronger among people who anticipated a strong deterioration in security. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggested that perceptions of COVID-19 and future social-political development jointly and interactively contributed to depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health professionals and promotions should take the multiple-level mental health determinants into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui She
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mason M C Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph T F Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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246
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Lees MA, Edwards J, McCain JE, Bouchard DR. Potential value of home square-stepping exercises for inactive older adults: an exploratory case study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:14. [PMID: 34979952 PMCID: PMC8722225 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02712-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most older adults do not engage in regular physical activity. However, more research on options to partake in regular exercise in this population by reducing barriers and enhancing enablers while still reaching benefits is needed. Methods Using embedded mixed methods, 10 inactive older adults over the age of 65 completed a 3-week square-stepping exercise intervention to help overcome the initial barriers and activate initial enablers to perform regular exercise. Physical activity level was tracked at home with a pedometer using median steps/day over seven days for pre-post measure. Aerobic intensity while doing square-stepping exercises was quantified via a heart rate monitor in a supervised session. Each participant had an interview asking about barriers and enablers to regular exercise and if the intervention could modify any. Based on initial physical activity a framework matrix was used to pull potential barriers to compare, contrast, and search for patterns between participants with lower and higher initial physical activity levels. Results The 3-week square-stepping exercise intervention helped participants overcome barriers such as being uncomfortable in a fitness facility and body image and activate enablers such as the use of home equipment and convenience. The median total steps/day increased by 12% (p = 0.02), and a moderate-intensity level was reached by 80% of the sample participants when performing the square stepping exercise during a supervised session. Common barriers such as having a suitable program, hard to keep the intensity were reported by participants regardless of the initial physical activity level. Conclusion Regardless of initial physical activity level, inactive older adults can increase physical activity level at the recommended intensity and overcome common barriers to exercise when performing square-stepping exercises, especially for those intimidated by a fitness facility setting and those concerned with their body image. A longer intervention including more participants using the square-stepping exercises is required to understand if square-stepping exercises can increase the proportion of older adults exercising regularly. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-021-02712-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Lees
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, 90 MacKay Dr, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada.,Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, 90 Mackay Drive, Room 105, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Jonathon Edwards
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, 90 MacKay Dr, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Jamie E McCain
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, 90 MacKay Dr, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada.,Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, 90 Mackay Drive, Room 105, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Danielle R Bouchard
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, 90 MacKay Dr, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada. .,Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, 90 Mackay Drive, Room 105, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada.
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247
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Röhr S, Rodriguez FS, Siemensmeyer R, Müller F, Romero-Ortuno R, Riedel-Heller SG. How can urban environments support dementia risk reduction? A qualitative study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 37. [PMID: 34571579 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interventions to reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia largely focus on individual-level strategies. To maximize risk reduction, it is also necessary to consider the environment. With the majority of older people living in cities, we explored how urban environments could support risk reduction. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our qualitative study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with community members aged ≥65 years and stakeholders, all living in Leipzig, Germany. Interview guides were informed by the framework on modifiable risk factors for dementia of the Lancet Commission on Dementia Prevention, Intervention, and Care. Interviews were audio-recorded, verbatim-transcribed, and thematically analysed. RESULTS Community members (n = 10) were M = 73.7 (SD = 6.0) years old and 50% were women. Stakeholders (n = 10) were aged 39-72 years, and 70% were women. Stakeholders' fields included architecture, cultural/arts education, environmental sciences, geriatrics, health policy, information and technology, philosophy, psychology, public health, and urban sociology. Across interviews with both older individuals and stakeholders, three main themes were identified: (i) social participation and inclusion (emphasizing social contacts, social housing, intergenerationality, neighbourhood assistance, information and orientation, digital and technological literacy, lifelong learning, co-creation/co-design), (ii) proximity and accessibility (emphasizing proximity and reachability, mobility, affordability, access to health care, access to cultural events, public toilets), (iii) local recreation and wellbeing (emphasizing safety in traffic, security, cleanliness and environmental protection, urban greenery, climate change and heat waves, outdoor physical activity). DISCUSSION The design of urban environments holds large potential to create favourable conditions for community-dwelling individuals to practice lifestyles that promote brain health. Public policy should involve community members in co-creating such environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Röhr
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Francisca S Rodriguez
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rosa Siemensmeyer
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felix Müller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roman Romero-Ortuno
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Discipline of Medical Gerontology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Mercer's Institute for Successful Ageing, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Idris IM, Bonnet K, Schlundt D, Abba A, Galadanci J, Burnett AL, DeBaun MR. Psychometric Impact of Priapism on Lives of Adolescents and Adults With Sickle Cell Anemia: A Sequential Independent Mixed-Methods Design. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 44:19-27. [PMID: 33560078 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite priapism being one of the most frequent complications of sickle cell anemia (SCA) in male individuals, little has been reported about the impact of priapism in this population. The authors used a sequential independent mixed-methods design, which used both international multicenter focus group discussions (n=35) and a quantitative patient-reported outcome measure (n=131) to determine the impact of priapism on men with SCA in Nigeria and the United States. The authors analyzed data from focus groups using an iterative inductive-deductive approach. Comparison of the Priapism Impact Profile data was done using the Kruskal-Wallis H test. Our result showed that priapism, across cultures, is associated with shame and embarrassment. These emotions interfere with timely clinical and family communication about priapism symptoms and complications. Participants were dissatisfied with the quality of care at emergency facilities. The quality of life and physical wellness of men with SCA-related priapism were significantly different for the 3 groups: (1) priapism condition getting better, (2) priapism condition getting worse, and (3) priapism condition remain the same (P=0.002 and P=0.019, respectively). Psychological, sexual, and physical wellbeing are all adversely affected by priapism. Evidence-based methods are necessary for adequate medical, educational, and psychological treatment for recurrent priapism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Akib Abba
- Department of Hematology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital
| | - Jamil Galadanci
- Department of Computer Science, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | - Michael R DeBaun
- Vanderbilt-Meharry Sickle Cell Disease Center of Excellence, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Golden TL, Magsamen S, Sandu CC, Lin S, Roebuck GM, Shi KM, Barrett FS. Effects of Setting on Psychedelic Experiences, Therapies, and Outcomes: A Rapid Scoping Review of the Literature. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 56:35-70. [PMID: 35138585 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The health and well-being impacts of art and aesthetic experiences have been rigorously studied by a range of disciplines, including cognitive neuroscience, psychiatry, public health, and translational clinical research. These experiences, encompassed in the concepts of set and setting, have long been claimed to be pivotal in determining the acute and enduring effects of psychedelic experiences. Responding to the field's longstanding emphasis on the role and value of setting, a rapid scoping review was undertaken to identify the extent to which effects of setting and aesthetics on psychedelic experiences and therapies have been explicitly studied. It offers an analysis of the strengths and limitations of the extant literature and discusses evidentiary gaps as well as evidentiary opportunities for the field. The 43 included studies indicate apparent consensus regarding the importance of setting in psychedelic therapies, as well as consistent interest in theorizing about these effects. However, this consensus has yet to generate consistent, prospective, rigorous tests of setting and its complexities. As a result, the field continues to lack understanding or agreement regarding the effects of various specific elements of setting, the mechanisms by which they affect outcomes, for whom these effects occur, under what circumstances, given what conditions, and other critical factors. Further studies of setting and aesthetics in the context of psychedelic therapies are likely to not only improve these therapies and their delivery, but also inform considerations of setting and aesthetics for non-psychedelic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha L Golden
- International Arts + Mind Lab, Center for Applied Neuroaesthetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Susan Magsamen
- International Arts + Mind Lab, Center for Applied Neuroaesthetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clara C Sandu
- International Arts + Mind Lab, Center for Applied Neuroaesthetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shuyang Lin
- International Arts + Mind Lab, Center for Applied Neuroaesthetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Grace Marie Roebuck
- International Arts + Mind Lab, Center for Applied Neuroaesthetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathy M Shi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Frederick S Barrett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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OUP accepted manuscript. Health Promot Int 2022:6570173. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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