201
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Ba Q, Raghavan G, Kiselyov K, Yang G. Whole-Cell Scale Dynamic Organization of Lysosomes Revealed by Spatial Statistical Analysis. Cell Rep 2019; 23:3591-3606. [PMID: 29925001 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, lysosomes are distributed in the cytoplasm as individual membrane-bound compartments to degrade macromolecules and to control cellular metabolism. A fundamental yet unanswered question is whether and, if so, how individual lysosomes are organized spatially to coordinate and integrate their functions. To address this question, we analyzed their collective behavior in cultured cells using spatial statistical techniques. We found that in single cells, lysosomes maintain non-random, stable, yet distinct spatial distributions mediated by the cytoskeleton, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and lysosomal biogenesis. Throughout the intracellular space, lysosomes form dynamic clusters that significantly increase their interactions with endosomes. Cluster formation is associated with local increases in ER spatial density but does not depend on fusion with endosomes or spatial exclusion by mitochondria. Taken together, our findings reveal whole-cell scale spatial organization of lysosomes and provide insights into how organelle interactions are mediated and regulated across the entire intracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinle Ba
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Guruprasad Raghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kirill Kiselyov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Ge Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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202
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de Araujo MEG, Liebscher G, Hess MW, Huber LA. Lysosomal size matters. Traffic 2019; 21:60-75. [PMID: 31808235 PMCID: PMC6972631 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are key cellular catabolic centers that also perform fundamental metabolic, signaling and quality control functions. Lysosomes are not static and they respond dynamically to intra‐ and extracellular stimuli triggering changes in organelle numbers, size and position. Such physical changes have a strong impact on lysosomal activity ultimately influencing cellular homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on lysosomal size regulation, on its physiological role(s) and association to several disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana E G de Araujo
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gudrun Liebscher
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Austrian Drug Screening Institute, ADSI, Innsbruck, Austria
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203
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Petcherski A, Chandrachud U, Butz ES, Klein MC, Zhao WN, Reis SA, Haggarty SJ, Ruonala MO, Cotman SL. An Autophagy Modifier Screen Identifies Small Molecules Capable of Reducing Autophagosome Accumulation in a Model of CLN3-Mediated Neurodegeneration. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121531. [PMID: 31783699 PMCID: PMC6953052 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the autophagosomal–lysosomal pathway are a major pathophysiological feature of CLN3 disease, which is the most common form of childhood-onset neurodegeneration. Accumulating autofluorescent lysosomal storage material in CLN3 disease, consisting of dolichols, lipids, biometals, and a protein that normally resides in the mitochondria, subunit c of the mitochondrial ATPase, provides evidence that autophagosomal–lysosomal turnover of cellular components is disrupted upon loss of CLN3 protein function. Using a murine neuronal cell model of the disease, which accurately mimics the major gene defect and the hallmark features of CLN3 disease, we conducted an unbiased search for modifiers of autophagy, extending previous work by further optimizing a GFP-LC3 based assay and performing a high-content screen on a library of ~2000 bioactive compounds. Here we corroborate our earlier screening results and identify expanded, independent sets of autophagy modifiers that increase or decrease the accumulation of autophagosomes in the CLN3 disease cells, highlighting several pathways of interest, including the regulation of calcium signaling, microtubule dynamics, and the mevalonate pathway. Follow-up analysis on fluspirilene, nicardipine, and verapamil, in particular, confirmed activity in reducing GFP-LC3 vesicle burden, while also demonstrating activity in normalizing lysosomal positioning and, for verapamil, in promoting storage material clearance in CLN3 disease neuronal cells. This study demonstrates the potential for cell-based screening studies to identify candidate molecules and pathways for further work to understand CLN3 disease pathogenesis and in drug development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Petcherski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.P.); (U.C.); (E.S.B.); (M.C.K.); (W.-N.Z.); (S.A.R.); (S.J.H.)
- Center for Membrane Proteomics, Goethe University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Uma Chandrachud
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.P.); (U.C.); (E.S.B.); (M.C.K.); (W.-N.Z.); (S.A.R.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Elisabeth S. Butz
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.P.); (U.C.); (E.S.B.); (M.C.K.); (W.-N.Z.); (S.A.R.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Madeleine C. Klein
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.P.); (U.C.); (E.S.B.); (M.C.K.); (W.-N.Z.); (S.A.R.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Wen-Ning Zhao
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.P.); (U.C.); (E.S.B.); (M.C.K.); (W.-N.Z.); (S.A.R.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Surya A. Reis
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.P.); (U.C.); (E.S.B.); (M.C.K.); (W.-N.Z.); (S.A.R.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.P.); (U.C.); (E.S.B.); (M.C.K.); (W.-N.Z.); (S.A.R.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Mika O. Ruonala
- Center for Membrane Proteomics, Goethe University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Susan L. Cotman
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.P.); (U.C.); (E.S.B.); (M.C.K.); (W.-N.Z.); (S.A.R.); (S.J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-726-9180
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204
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Lunov O, Uzhytchak M, Smolková B, Lunova M, Jirsa M, Dempsey NM, Dias AL, Bonfim M, Hof M, Jurkiewicz P, Petrenko Y, Kubinová Š, Dejneka A. Remote Actuation of Apoptosis in Liver Cancer Cells via Magneto-Mechanical Modulation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121873. [PMID: 31779223 PMCID: PMC6966689 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosome-activated apoptosis represents an alternative method of overcoming tumor resistance compared to traditional forms of treatment. Pulsed magnetic fields open a new avenue for controlled and targeted initiation of lysosomal permeabilization in cancer cells via mechanical actuation of magnetic nanomaterials. In this study we used a noninvasive tool; namely, a benchtop pulsed magnetic system, which enabled remote activation of apoptosis in liver cancer cells. The magnetic system we designed represents a platform that can be used in a wide range of biomedical applications. We show that liver cancer cells can be loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). SPIONs retained in lysosomal compartments can be effectively actuated with a high intensity (up to 8 T), short pulse width (~15 µs), pulsed magnetic field (PMF), resulting in lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) in cancer cells. We revealed that SPION-loaded lysosomes undergo LMP by assessing an increase in the cytosolic activity of the lysosomal cathepsin B. The extent of cell death induced by LMP correlated with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in cells. LMP was achieved for estimated forces of 700 pN and higher. Furthermore, we validated our approach on a three-dimensional cellular culture model to be able to mimic in vivo conditions. Overall, our results show that PMF treatment of SPION-loaded lysosomes can be utilized as a noninvasive tool to remotely induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Lunov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.U.); (B.S.); (M.L.); (Š.K.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +42-026-6052-131
| | - Mariia Uzhytchak
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.U.); (B.S.); (M.L.); (Š.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Barbora Smolková
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.U.); (B.S.); (M.L.); (Š.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Mariia Lunova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.U.); (B.S.); (M.L.); (Š.K.); (A.D.)
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKEM), 14021 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Milan Jirsa
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKEM), 14021 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Nora M. Dempsey
- Institut Néel, Grenoble INP, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (N.M.D.); (A.L.D.)
| | - André L. Dias
- Institut Néel, Grenoble INP, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (N.M.D.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Marlio Bonfim
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, DELT, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil;
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Piotr Jurkiewicz
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Yuri Petrenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Šárka Kubinová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.U.); (B.S.); (M.L.); (Š.K.); (A.D.)
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.U.); (B.S.); (M.L.); (Š.K.); (A.D.)
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205
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Wu S, Huang L, Shen R, Bernard-Cacciarella M, Zhou P, Hu C, Di Benedetto M, Janin A, Bousquet G, Li H, He Z, Lu H. Drug resistance‑related sunitinib sequestration in autophagolysosomes of endothelial cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 56:113-122. [PMID: 31789391 PMCID: PMC6910192 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that the tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor sunitinib induces acquired drug resistance in endothelial cells. The present study explored the role of lysosomal sequestration of sunitinib in the acquisition of drug resistance in human microcapillary endothelial HMEC-1 cells. Resistance was induced by escalating concentrations of sunitinib and a shift in IC50 from 12.8 to >20 µM was detected. The results of time-lapse fluorescence microscopy illustrated an instantaneous emergence of fluorescent vesicles in living cells once sunitinib was added. Most of these vesicles emerged in the juxtanuclear area, and exhibited the characteristics of growing autophagosomes and lysosomes. The vesicles were identified as autophagosomes and lysosomes because they co-located with the lysosomal tracers Lyso-ER and Lyso-NIR, and the protein markers lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3). The results of western blotting demonstrated that sunitinib induced upregulation of LAMP-1 and LC3-II, and downregulation of sequestosome 1/p62, indicating the activation of autophagy. Bafilomycin A1, which suppresses lysosomal acidification, completely blocked sunitinib sequestration; however, chloroquine, which blocks lysosomal fusion with autophagosomes, exhibited no effect. Notably, bafilomycin A1 and chloroquine significantly counterbalanced HMEC-1 drug-resistance. These results provided evidence for autophagy-flux-associated sunitinib lysosomal sequestration in endothelial cells, leading to isolation of the drug from the cytoplasm; a key process involved in the development of drug resistance during antiangiogenic therapy. These data supported the notion that inhibiting autophagy may be a potential strategy to prevent drug sequestration and resistance to antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P.R. China
| | - Limin Huang
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Medical Research Unit 942/Paris University 7 and 13, Avicenne Hospital, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Rong Shen
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Medical Research Unit 942/Paris University 7 and 13, Avicenne Hospital, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Melanie Bernard-Cacciarella
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Medical Research Unit 942/Paris University 7 and 13, Avicenne Hospital, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Pei Zhou
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Medical Research Unit 942/Paris University 7 and 13, Avicenne Hospital, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Chaoquan Hu
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Medical Research Unit 942/Paris University 7 and 13, Avicenne Hospital, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Melanie Di Benedetto
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Medical Research Unit 942/Paris University 7 and 13, Avicenne Hospital, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Anne Janin
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Medical Research Unit 942/Paris University 7 and 13, Avicenne Hospital, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Guilhem Bousquet
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Medical Research Unit 942/Paris University 7 and 13, Avicenne Hospital, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Hong Li
- INSERM U1234/Rouen University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Zhixu He
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P.R. China
| | - He Lu
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Medical Research Unit 942/Paris University 7 and 13, Avicenne Hospital, 93000 Bobigny, France
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206
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Lysosomes as dynamic regulators of cell and organismal homeostasis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 21:101-118. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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207
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Wang Z, Wheeler RJ, Sunter JD. Lysosome assembly and disassembly changes endocytosis rate through the Leishmania cell cycle. Microbiologyopen 2019; 9:e969. [PMID: 31743959 PMCID: PMC7002101 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Leishmania lysosome has an atypical structure, consisting of an elongated vesicle‐filled tubule running along the anterior–posterior axis of the cell, which is termed the multivesicular tubule (MVT) lysosome. Alongside, the MVT lysosome is one or more microtubules, the lysosomal microtubule(s). Previous work indicated there were cell cycle‐related changes in MVT lysosome organization; however, these only provided snapshots and did not connect the changes in the lysosomal microtubule(s) or lysosomal function. Using mNeonGreen tagged cysteine peptidase A and SPEF1 as markers of the MVT lysosome and lysosomal microtubule(s), we examined the dynamics of these structures through the cell cycle. Both the MVT lysosome and lysosomal microtubule(s) elongated at the beginning of the cell cycle before plateauing and then disassembling in late G2 before cytokinesis. Moreover, the endocytic rate in cells where the MVT lysosome and lysosomal microtubule(s) had disassembled was extremely low. The dynamic nature of the MVT lysosome and lysosomal microtubule(s) parallels that of the Trypanosoma cruzi cytostome/cytopharynx, which also has a similar membrane tubule structure with associated microtubules. As the cytostome/cytopharynx is an ancestral feature of the kinetoplastids, this suggests that the Leishmania MVT lysosome and lysosomal microtubule(s) are a reduced cytostome/cytopharynx‐like feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Wang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard J Wheeler
- The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jack D Sunter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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208
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Miyazaki J, Toumon Y. Label-free dynamic imaging of mitochondria and lysosomes within living cells via simultaneous dual-pump photothermal microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:5852-5861. [PMID: 31799051 PMCID: PMC6865103 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic activities of mitochondria and lysosomes, which play important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis, were observed without labeling by using highly sensitive photothermal (PT) microscopy. This imaging modality allows for the direct observation of cellular organelles that contain endogenous chromophores, with high temporal and spatial resolution. We identified mitochondria and lysosomes inside living mammalian cells via simultaneous dual-color imaging. Moreover, dynamic imaging revealed that the lysosomes make contact with mitochondria and move between sites within the dynamic mitochondrial network. Since mitochondrial and lysosomal functions are intricately connected, PT microscopy should provide in-depth understanding of cellular functions associated with mitochondria-lysosome communication as well as insights into various human diseases caused by dysfunction of these organelles.
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209
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Astaburuaga R, Quintanar Haro OD, Stauber T, Relógio A. A Mathematical Model of Lysosomal Ion Homeostasis Points to Differential Effects of Cl - Transport in Ca 2+ Dynamics. Cells 2019; 8:E1263. [PMID: 31623161 PMCID: PMC6848924 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment and maintenance of ion gradients between the interior of lysosomes and the cytosol are crucial for numerous cellular and organismal functions. Numerous ion transport proteins ensure the required variation in luminal concentrations of the different ions along the endocytic pathway to fit the needs of the organelles. Failures in keeping proper ion homeostasis have pathological consequences. Accordingly, several human diseases are caused by the dysfunction of ion transporters. These include osteopetrosis, caused by the dysfunction of Cl-/H+ exchange by the lysosomal transporter ClC-7. To better understand how chloride transport affects lysosomal ion homeostasis and how its disruption impinges on lysosomal function, we developed a mathematical model of lysosomal ion homeostasis including Ca2+ dynamics. The model recapitulates known biophysical properties of ClC-7 and enables the investigation of its differential activation kinetics on lysosomal ion homeostasis. We show that normal functioning of ClC-7 supports the acidification process, is associated with increased luminal concentrations of sodium, potassium, and chloride, and leads to a higher Ca2+ uptake and release. Our model highlights the role of ClC-7 in lysosomal acidification and shows the existence of differential Ca2+ dynamics upon perturbations of Cl-/H+ exchange and its activation kinetics, with possible pathological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Astaburuaga
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
- Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Molekulares Krebsforschungzentrum (MKFZ), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Orlando Daniel Quintanar Haro
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tobias Stauber
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Human Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Angela Relógio
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
- Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Molekulares Krebsforschungzentrum (MKFZ), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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210
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Burute M, Kapitein LC. Cellular Logistics: Unraveling the Interplay Between Microtubule Organization and Intracellular Transport. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2019; 35:29-54. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are core components of the cytoskeleton and serve as tracks for motor protein–based intracellular transport. Microtubule networks are highly diverse across different cell types and are believed to adapt to cell type–specific transport demands. Here we review how the spatial organization of different subsets of microtubules into higher-order networks determines the traffic rules for motor-based transport in different animal cell types. We describe the interplay between microtubule network organization and motor-based transport within epithelial cells, oocytes, neurons, cilia, and the spindle apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithila Burute
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas C. Kapitein
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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211
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Mputhia Z, Hone E, Tripathi T, Sargeant T, Martins R, Bharadwaj P. Autophagy Modulation as a Treatment of Amyloid Diseases. Molecules 2019; 24:E3372. [PMID: 31527516 PMCID: PMC6766836 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloids are fibrous proteins aggregated into toxic forms that are implicated in several chronic disorders. More than 30 diseases show deposition of fibrous amyloid proteins associated with cell loss and degeneration in the affected tissues. Evidence demonstrates that amyloid diseases result from protein aggregation or impaired amyloid clearance, but the connection between amyloid accumulation and tissue degeneration is not clear. Common examples of amyloid diseases are Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and tauopathies, which are the most common forms of neurodegenerative diseases, as well as polyglutamine disorders and certain peripheral metabolic diseases. In these diseases, increased accumulation of toxic amyloid proteins is suspected to be one of the main causative factors in the disease pathogenesis. It is therefore important to more clearly understand how these toxic amyloid proteins accumulate as this will aide in the development of more effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is maintained by multiple cellular pathways-including protein synthesis, quality control, and clearance-which are collectively responsible for preventing protein misfolding or aggregation. Modulating protein degradation is a very complex but attractive treatment strategy used to remove amyloid and improve cell survival. This review will focus on autophagy, an important clearance pathway of amyloid proteins, and strategies for using it as a potential therapeutic target for amyloid diseases. The physiological role of autophagy in cells, pathways for its modulation, its connection with apoptosis, cell models and caveats in developing autophagy as a treatment and as a biomarker is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Mputhia
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Eugene Hone
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Timir Tripathi
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Meghalaya 793022, India.
| | - Tim Sargeant
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Ralph Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Prashant Bharadwaj
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
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212
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Yordanov TE, Hipolito VEB, Liebscher G, Vogel GF, Stasyk T, Herrmann C, Geley S, Teis D, Botelho RJ, Hess MW, Huber LA. Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 (BORC) regulates late endosomal/lysosomal size through PIKfyve-dependent phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate. Traffic 2019; 20:674-696. [PMID: 31314175 PMCID: PMC6771566 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms that control lysosomal function are essential for cellular homeostasis. Lysosomes adapt in size and number to cellular needs but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism. We demonstrate that the late endosomal/lysosomal multimeric BLOC-1-related complex (BORC) regulates the size of these organelles via PIKfyve-dependent phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2 ] production. Deletion of the core BORC component Diaskedin led to increased levels of PI(3,5)P2 , suggesting activation of PIKfyve, and resulted in enhanced lysosomal reformation and subsequent reduction in lysosomal size. This process required AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a known PIKfyve activator, and was additionally dependent on the late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, mitogen-activated protein kinases and mechanistic target of rapamycin activator (LAMTOR/Ragulator) complex. Consistently, in response to glucose limitation, AMPK activated PIKfyve, which induced lysosomal reformation with increased baseline autophagy and was coupled to a decrease in lysosomal size. These adaptations of the late endosomal/lysosomal system reversed under glucose replete growth conditions. In summary, our results demonstrate that BORC regulates lysosomal reformation and size in response to glucose availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor E. Yordanov
- Division of Cell Biology, BiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Victoria E. B. Hipolito
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and the Graduate Program in Molecular ScienceRyerson UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Gudrun Liebscher
- Division of Cell Biology, BiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Georg F. Vogel
- Division of Cell Biology, BiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Department of Pediatrics IMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Taras Stasyk
- Division of Cell Biology, BiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Caroline Herrmann
- Division of Cell Biology, BiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Stephan Geley
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, BiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - David Teis
- Division of Cell Biology, BiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Roberto J. Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and the Graduate Program in Molecular ScienceRyerson UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Michael W. Hess
- Division of Histology and EmbryologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Lukas A. Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, BiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Austrian Drug Screening Institute, ADSIInnsbruckAustria
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213
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Hsu KS, Otsu W, Li Y, Wang HC, Chen S, Tsang SH, Chuang JZ, Sung CH. CLIC4 regulates late endosomal trafficking and matrix degradation activity of MMP14 at focal adhesions in RPE cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12247. [PMID: 31439888 PMCID: PMC6706427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation in the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment surrounding the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been implicated in the etiology of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. The regulation of ECM remodeling by RPE cells is not well understood. We show that membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) is central to ECM degradation at the focal adhesions in human ARPE19 cells. The matrix degradative activity, but not the assembly, of the focal adhesion is regulated by chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4). CLIC4 is co-localized with MMP14 in the late endosome. CLIC4 regulates the proper sorting of MMP14 into the lumen of the late endosome and its proteolytic activation in lipid rafts. CLIC4 has the newly-identified “late domain” motif that binds to MMP14 and to Tsg101, a component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) complex. Unlike the late domain mutant CLIC4, wild-type CLIC4 can rescue the late endosomal sorting defect of MMP14. Finally, CLIC4 knockdown inhibits the apical secretion of MMP2 in polarized human RPE monolayers. These results, taken together, demonstrate that CLIC4 is a novel matrix microenvironment modulator and a novel regulator for late endosomal cargo sorting. Moreover, the late endosomal sorting of MMP14 actively regulates its surface activation in RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Shun Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Surgery, Colorectal Service and Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wataru Otsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heuy-Ching Wang
- Ocular Trauma Task Area, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, TX, San Antonio, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery and Department of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, and Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jen-Zen Chuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ching-Hwa Sung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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214
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BK channels regulate extracellular Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12285. [PMID: 31439883 PMCID: PMC6706582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 Tat is essential for HIV-1 replication and plays an important role in latent HIV-1 infection, HIV-1 associated neurological complication, and other HIV-1 comorbidities. Secreted from HIV-1 infected or transfected cells, Tat can be up-taken into cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis and internalized into endolysosomes. To reach nucleus where it can facilitate HIV-1 viral replication, exogenous Tat has to escape the degradation by endolysosomes. Because of findings that endolysosome de-acidification with, for example, the weak-base anti-malarial drug chloroquine prevents exogenous Tat degradation and enhances the amount of Tat available to activate HIV-1 LTR, we hypothesize that acidifying endolysosomes may enhance Tat degradation in endolysosomes and restrict LTR transactivation. Here, we determined the involvement of endolysosome-resident transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 channel (TRPML1) and the big conductance Ca2+-activated potassium (BK) channel in regulating endolysosome pH, as well as Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation in U87MG cells stably integrated with HIV-1 LTR luciferase reporter. Activating TRPML1 channels with ML-SA1 acidified endolysosomes and restricted Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation. These effects of ML-SA1 appeared to be mediated through activation of BK channels, because the effects of ML-SA1 on Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation were blocked using pharmacological inhibitors or shRNA knock-down of BK channels. On the other hand, activating TRPML1 and BK channels enhanced cellular degradation of exogenous Tat. These results suggest that acidifying endolysosomes by activating TRPML1 or BK channels may provide therapeutic benefit against latent HIV-1 infection, HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders, and other HIV-1 comorbidities.
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215
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Breiden B, Sandhoff K. Emerging mechanisms of drug-induced phospholipidosis. Biol Chem 2019; 401:31-46. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Drug-induced phospholipidosis is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of phospholipids. Its cellular mechanism is still not well understood, but it is known that cationic amphiphilic drugs can induce it. These drugs have a hydrophilic amine head group that can be protonated in the endolysosomal compartment. As cationic amphiphiles, they are trapped in lysosomes, where they interfere with negatively charged intralysosomal vesicles, the major platforms of cellular sphingolipid degradation. Metabolic principles observed in sphingolipid and phospholipid catabolism and inherited sphingolipidoses are of great importance for lysosomal function and physiological lipid turnover at large. Therefore, we also propose intralysosomal vesicles as major platforms for degradation of lipids and phospholipids reaching them by intracellular pathways like autophagy and endocytosis. Phospholipids are catabolized as components of vesicle surfaces by protonated, positively charged phospholipases, electrostatically attracted to the negatively charged vesicles. Model experiments suggest that progressively accumulating cationic amphiphilic drugs inserting into the vesicle membrane with their hydrophobic molecular moieties disturb and attenuate the main mechanism of lipid degradation as discussed here. By compensating the negative surface charge, cationic enzymes are released from the surface of vesicles and proteolytically degraded, triggering a progressive lipid storage and the formation of inactive lamellar bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Breiden
- LIMES Institut , Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit, c/o Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie , Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- LIMES Institut , Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit, c/o Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie , Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
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216
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Phosphoinositides in the control of lysosome function and homeostasis. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:1173-1185. [PMID: 31383818 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are the main degradative compartments of mammalian cells and serve as platforms for cellular nutrient signaling and sterol transport. The diverse functions of lysosomes and their adaptation to extracellular and intracellular cues are tightly linked to the spatiotemporally controlled synthesis, turnover and interconversion of lysosomal phosphoinositides, minor phospholipids that define membrane identity and couple membrane dynamics to cell signaling. How precisely lysosomal phosphoinositides act and which effector proteins within the lysosome membrane or at the lysosomal surface recognize them is only now beginning to emerge. Importantly, mutations in phosphoinositide metabolizing enzyme cause lysosomal dysfunction and are associated with numerous diseases ranging from neurodegeneration to cancer. Here, we discuss the phosphoinositides and phosphoinositide metabolizing enzymes implicated in lysosome function and homeostasis and outline perspectives for future research.
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217
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Rudzińska M, Parodi A, Soond SM, Vinarov AZ, Korolev DO, Morozov AO, Daglioglu C, Tutar Y, Zamyatnin AA. The Role of Cysteine Cathepsins in Cancer Progression and Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3602. [PMID: 31340550 PMCID: PMC6678516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins are lysosomal enzymes belonging to the papain family. Their expression is misregulated in a wide variety of tumors, and ample data prove their involvement in cancer progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and in the occurrence of drug resistance. However, while their overexpression is usually associated with highly aggressive tumor phenotypes, their mechanistic role in cancer progression is still to be determined to develop new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we highlight the literature related to the role of the cysteine cathepsins in cancer biology, with particular emphasis on their input into tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rudzińska
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Surinder M Soond
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Z Vinarov
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry O Korolev
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey O Morozov
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Cenk Daglioglu
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 35430 Urla/Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Tutar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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218
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Walton ZE, Brooks RC, Dang CV. mTOR Senses Intracellular pH through Lysosome Dispersion from RHEB. Bioessays 2019; 41:e1800265. [PMID: 31157925 PMCID: PMC6730656 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acidity, generated in hypoxia or hypermetabolic states, perturbs homeostasis and is a feature of solid tumors. That acid peripherally disperses lysosomes is a three-decade-old observation, yet one little understood or appreciated. However, recent work has recognized the inhibitory impact this spatial redistribution has on mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a key regulator of metabolism. This finding argues for a paradigm shift in localization of mTORC1 activator Ras homolog enriched in brain (RHEB), a conclusion several others have now independently reached. Thus, mTORC1, known to sense amino acids, mitogens, and energy to restrict biosynthesis to times of adequate resources, also senses pH and, via dampened mTOR-governed synthesis of clock proteins, regulates the circadian clock to achieve concerted responses to metabolic stress. While this may allow cancer to endure metabolic deprivation, immune cell mTOR signaling likewise exhibits pH sensitivity, suggesting that suppression of antitumor immune function by solid tumor acidity may additionally fuel cancers, an obstacle potentially reversible through therapeutic pH manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chi V. Dang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10017
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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219
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van Bommel B, Konietzny A, Kobler O, Bär J, Mikhaylova M. F-actin patches associated with glutamatergic synapses control positioning of dendritic lysosomes. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101183. [PMID: 31267565 PMCID: PMC6669925 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Organelle positioning within neurites is required for proper neuronal function. In dendrites, with their complex cytoskeletal organization, transport of organelles is guided by local specializations of the microtubule and actin cytoskeleton, and by coordinated activity of different motor proteins. Here, we focus on the actin cytoskeleton in the dendritic shaft and describe dense structures consisting of longitudinal and branched actin filaments. These actin patches are devoid of microtubules and are frequently located at the base of spines, or form an actin mesh around excitatory shaft synapses. Using lysosomes as an example, we demonstrate that the presence of actin patches has a strong impact on dendritic organelle transport, as lysosomes frequently stall at these locations. We provide mechanistic insights on this pausing behavior, demonstrating that actin patches form a physical barrier for kinesin-driven cargo. In addition, we identify myosin Va as an active tether which mediates long-term stalling. This correlation between the presence of actin meshes and halting of organelles could be a generalized principle by which synapses control organelle trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas van Bommel
- DFG Emmy Noether Group "Neuronal Protein Transport", Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Konietzny
- DFG Emmy Noether Group "Neuronal Protein Transport", Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Kobler
- Combinatorial Neuroimaging Core Facility (CNI), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Julia Bär
- DFG Emmy Noether Group "Neuronal Protein Transport", Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marina Mikhaylova
- DFG Emmy Noether Group "Neuronal Protein Transport", Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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220
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Inpanathan S, Botelho RJ. The Lysosome Signaling Platform: Adapting With the Times. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:113. [PMID: 31281815 PMCID: PMC6595708 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are the terminal degradative compartment of autophagy, endocytosis and phagocytosis. What once was viewed as a simple acidic organelle in charge of macromolecular digestion has emerged as a dynamic organelle capable of integrating cellular signals and producing signal outputs. In this review, we focus on the concept that the lysosome surface serves as a platform to assemble major signaling hubs like mTORC1, AMPK, GSK3 and the inflammasome. These molecular assemblies integrate and facilitate cross-talk between signals such as amino acid and energy levels, membrane damage and infection, and ultimately enable responses such as autophagy, cell growth, membrane repair and microbe clearance. In particular, we review how molecular machinery like the vacuolar-ATPase proton pump, sestrins, the GATOR complexes, and the Ragulator, modulate mTORC1, AMPK, GSK3 and inflammation. We then elaborate how these signals control autophagy initiation and resolution, TFEB-mediated lysosome adaptation, lysosome remodeling, antigen presentation, inflammation, membrane damage repair and clearance. Overall, by being at the cross-roads for several membrane pathways, lysosomes have emerged as the ideal surveillance compartment to sense, integrate and elicit cellular behavior and adaptation in response to changing environmental and cellular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subothan Inpanathan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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221
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Chen T, Chen Z, Liu R, Zheng S. A NIR fluorescent probe for detection of viscosity and lysosome imaging in live cells. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6398-6403. [PMID: 31210240 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01222b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes, as the cellular recycling center, are filled with numerous hydrolases that can degrade most cellular macromolecules. Studies have shown that the abnormality of viscosity in lysosomes will disrupt the normal function of lysosomes. Herein, a D-π-A structure near-infrared fluorescent probe containing N,N-dimethylamino benzene as an electron donor, benzothiozole as an electron acceptor, and a vinyl group as a π unit, Lyso-BTC, is explored for fluorescence imaging of lysosomes and detection of lysosomal viscosity changes. Lyso-BTC exhibits a large Stokes shift (∼180 nm), NIR emission (685 nm), good biocompatibility, excellent photostability, and fluorescence response to viscosity. Moreover, the results of in vitro studies reveal that Lyso-BTC is lysosome-targeted and could be applied for the detection of viscosity changes in lysosomes caused by chloroquine treatment. These results confirm that Lys-BTC could be employed to monitor lysosomal viscosity changes in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China.
| | - Zikang Chen
- BiomaterialsResearchCenter, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China.
| | - Ruiyuan Liu
- BiomaterialsResearchCenter, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China.
| | - Shaobing Zheng
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China.
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222
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Andrews NW. Solving the secretory acid sphingomyelinase puzzle: Insights from lysosome-mediated parasite invasion and plasma membrane repair. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13065. [PMID: 31155842 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is a lysosomal enzyme that cleaves the phosphorylcholine head group of sphingomyelin, generating ceramide. Recessive mutations in SMPD1, the gene encoding ASM, cause Niemann-Pick Disease Types A and B. These disorders are attributed not only to lipid accumulation inside lysosomes but also to changes on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, highlighting an extracellular role for ASM. Secretion of ASM occurs under physiological conditions, and earlier studies proposed two forms of the enzyme, one resident in lysosomes and another form that would be diverted to the secretory pathway. Such differential intracellular trafficking has been difficult to explain because there is only one SMPD1 transcript that generates an active enzyme, found primarily inside lysosomes. Unexpectedly, studies of cell invasion by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi revealed that conventional lysosomes can fuse with the plasma membrane in response to elevations in intracellular Ca2+ , releasing their contents extracellularly. ASM exocytosed from lysosomes remodels the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, promoting parasite invasion and wound repair. Here, we discuss the possibility that ASM release during lysosomal exocytosis, in response to various forms of stress, may represent a major source of the secretory form of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma W Andrews
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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223
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Lysosome motility and distribution: Relevance in health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1076-1087. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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224
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Pellegrini D, Del Grosso A, Angella L, Giordano N, Dilillo M, Tonazzini I, Caleo M, Cecchini M, McDonnell LA. Quantitative Microproteomics Based Characterization of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System of a Mouse Model of Krabbe Disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1227-1241. [PMID: 30926673 PMCID: PMC6553931 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.001267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Krabbe disease is a rare, childhood lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase (GALC). The major effect of GALC deficiency is the accumulation of psychosine in the nervous system and widespread degeneration of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, causing rapid demyelination. The molecular mechanisms of Krabbe disease are not yet fully elucidated and a definite cure is still missing. Here we report the first in-depth characterization of the proteome of the Twitcher mouse, a spontaneous mouse model of Krabbe disease, to investigate the proteome changes in the Central and Peripheral Nervous System. We applied a TMT-based workflow to compare the proteomes of the corpus callosum, motor cortex and sciatic nerves of littermate homozygous Twitcher and wild-type mice. More than 400 protein groups exhibited differences in expression and included proteins involved in pathways that can be linked to Krabbe disease, such as inflammatory and defense response, lysosomal proteins accumulation, demyelination, reduced nervous system development and cell adhesion. These findings provide new insights on the molecular mechanisms of Krabbe disease, representing a starting point for future functional experiments to study the molecular pathogenesis of Krabbe disease. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD010594.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pellegrini
- From ‡NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56127, Italy
- §Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, 56107 San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ambra Del Grosso
- From ‡NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56127, Italy
- ¶NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Marialaura Dilillo
- §Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, 56107 San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Cecchini
- From ‡NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56127, Italy
- ¶NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Liam A McDonnell
- §Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, 56107 San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy;
- **Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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225
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Caiazza C, D'Agostino M, Passaro F, Faicchia D, Mallardo M, Paladino S, Pierantoni GM, Tramontano D. Effects of Long-Term Citrate Treatment in the PC3 Prostate Cancer Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112613. [PMID: 31141937 PMCID: PMC6600328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute administration of a high level of extracellular citrate displays an anti-proliferative effect on both in vitro and in vivo models. However, the long-term effect of citrate treatment has not been investigated yet. Here, we address this question in PC3 cells, a prostate-cancer-derived cell line. Acute administration of high levels of extracellular citrate impaired cell adhesion and inhibited the proliferation of PC3 cells, but surviving cells adapted to grow in the chronic presence of 20 mM citrate. Citrate-resistant PC3 cells are significantly less glycolytic than control cells. Moreover, they overexpress short-form, citrate-insensitive phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1) together with full-length PFK1. In addition, they show traits of mesenchymal-epithelial transition: an increase in E-cadherin and a decrease in vimentin. In comparison with PC3 cells, citrate-resistant cells display morphological changes that involve both microtubule and microfilament organization. This was accompanied by changes in homeostasis and the organization of intracellular organelles. Thus, the mitochondrial network appears fragmented, the Golgi complex is scattered, and the lysosomal compartment is enlarged. Interestingly, citrate-resistant cells produce less total ROS but accumulate more mitochondrial ROS than control cells. Consistently, in citrate-resistant cells, the autophagic pathway is upregulated, possibly sustaining their survival. In conclusion, chronic administration of citrate might select resistant cells, which could jeopardize the benefits of citrate anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Caiazza
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Massimo D'Agostino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Passaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Deriggio Faicchia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Massimo Mallardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Maria Pierantoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Donatella Tramontano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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226
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Lysosome Positioning Influences mTORC2 and AKT Signaling. Mol Cell 2019; 75:26-38.e3. [PMID: 31130364 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Growth factor signaling is initiated at the plasma membrane and propagated through the cytoplasm for eventual relay to intracellular organelles such as lysosomes. The serine/threonine kinase mTOR participates in growth factor signaling as a component of two multi-subunit complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTORC1 associates with lysosomes, and its activity depends on the positioning of lysosomes within the cytoplasm, although there is no consensus regarding the exact effect of perinuclear versus peripheral distribution. mTORC2 and its substrate kinase AKT have a widespread distribution, but they are thought to act mainly at the plasma membrane. Using cell lines with knockout of components of the lysosome-positioning machinery, we show that perinuclear clustering of lysosomes delays reactivation of not only mTORC1, but also mTORC2 and AKT upon serum replenishment. These experiments demonstrate the existence of pools of mTORC2 and AKT that are sensitive to lysosome positioning.
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227
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Reversible association with motor proteins (RAMP): A streptavidin-based method to manipulate organelle positioning. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000279. [PMID: 31100061 PMCID: PMC6542540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the development and characterization of a method, named reversible association with motor proteins (RAMP), for manipulation of organelle positioning within the cytoplasm. RAMP consists of coexpressing in cultured cells (i) an organellar protein fused to the streptavidin-binding peptide (SBP) and (ii) motor, neck, and coiled-coil domains from a plus-end-directed or minus-end-directed kinesin fused to streptavidin. The SBP-streptavidin interaction drives accumulation of organelles at the plus or minus end of microtubules, respectively. Importantly, competition of the streptavidin-SBP interaction by the addition of biotin to the culture medium rapidly dissociates the motor construct from the organelle, allowing restoration of normal patterns of organelle transport and distribution. A distinctive feature of this method is that organelles initially accumulate at either end of the microtubule network in the initial state and are subsequently released from this accumulation, allowing analyses of the movement of a synchronized population of organelles by endogenous motors.
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228
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D'Alesio C, Bellese G, Gagliani MC, Lechiara A, Dameri M, Grasselli E, Lanfrancone L, Cortese K, Castagnola P. The chromodomain helicase CHD4 regulates ERBB2 signaling pathway and autophagy in ERBB2 + breast cancer cells. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.038323. [PMID: 30967373 PMCID: PMC6504000 DOI: 10.1242/bio.038323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromodomain helicase DNA-binding 4 (CHD4), a member of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylases (NuRD) complex, has been identified as an oncogene that modulates proliferation and migration of breast cancers (BC). ERBB2 is an oncogenic driver in 20–30% of BC in which its overexpression leads to increased chemoresistance. Here we investigated whether CHD4 depletion affects the ERBB2 cascade and autophagy, which represents a mechanism of resistance against Trastuzumab (Tz), a therapeutic anti-ERBB2 antibody. We show that CHD4 depletion in two ERBB2+ BC cell lines strongly inhibits cell proliferation, induces p27KIP1 upregulation, Tyr1248 ERBB2 phosphorylation, ERK1/2 and AKT dephosphorylation, and downregulation of both ERBB2 and PI3K levels. Moreover, CHD4 silencing impairs late stages of autophagy, resulting in increased levels of LC3 II and SQSTM1/p62, lysosomal enlargement and accumulation of autolysosomes (ALs). Importantly, we show that CHD4 depletion and concomitant treatment with Tz prevent cell proliferation in vitro. Our results suggest that CHD4 plays a critical role in modulating cell proliferation, ERBB2 signaling cascade and autophagy and provide new insights on CHD4 as a potential target for the treatment of ERBB2+ BC. Summary: Inhibition of CHD4 expression impairs cell proliferation and survival through downregulation of ERBB2 signaling and block of autophagy. Therefore, CHD4 should be considered a potential target in ERBB2+ breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina D'Alesio
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, Università di Genova, Via Antonio de Toni 14, 16132, Genova, Italy.,DIMI, Department of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Grazia Bellese
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, Università di Genova, Via Antonio de Toni 14, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Gagliani
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, Università di Genova, Via Antonio de Toni 14, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Anastasia Lechiara
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, Università di Genova, Via Antonio de Toni 14, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Dameri
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, Università di Genova, Via Antonio de Toni 14, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Grasselli
- DISTAV, Department of Earth, Environment and Life science, Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfrancone
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Katia Cortese
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, Università di Genova, Via Antonio de Toni 14, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Patrizio Castagnola
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
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229
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Ho PWL, Leung CT, Liu H, Pang SYY, Lam CSC, Xian J, Li L, Kung MHW, Ramsden DB, Ho SL. Age-dependent accumulation of oligomeric SNCA/α-synuclein from impaired degradation in mutant LRRK2 knockin mouse model of Parkinson disease: role for therapeutic activation of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Autophagy 2019; 16:347-370. [PMID: 30983487 PMCID: PMC6984454 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1603545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder associated with misfolded SNCA/α-synuclein accumulation in brain. Impaired catabolism of SNCA potentiates formation of its toxic oligomers. LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase-2) mutations predispose to familial and sporadic PD. Mutant LRRK2 perturbs chaperone-mediated-autophagy (CMA) to degrade SNCA. We showed greater age-dependent accumulation of oligomeric SNCA in striatum and cortex of aged LRRK2R1441G knockin (KI) mice, compared to age-matched wildtype (WT) by 53% and 31%, respectively. Lysosomal clustering and accumulation of CMA-specific LAMP2A and HSPA8/HSC70 proteins were observed in aged mutant striatum along with increased GAPDH (CMA substrate) by immunohistochemistry of dorsal striatum and flow cytometry of ventral midbrain cells. Using our new reporter protein clearance assay, mutant mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) expressing either SNCA or CMA recognition ‘KFERQ’-like motif conjugated with photoactivated-PAmCherry showed slower cellular clearance compared to WT by 28% and 34%, respectively. However, such difference was not observed after the ‘KFERQ’-motif was mutated. LRRK2 mutant MEFs exhibited lower lysosomal degradation than WT indicating lysosomal dysfunction. LAMP2A-knockdown reduced total lysosomal activity and clearance of ‘KFERQ’-substrate in WT but not in mutant MEFs, indicating impaired CMA in the latter. A CMA-specific activator, AR7, induced neuronal LAMP2A transcription and lysosomal activity in MEFs. AR7 also attenuated the progressive accumulation of both intracellular and extracellular SNCA oligomers in prolonged cultures of mutant cortical neurons (DIV21), indicating that oligomer accumulation can be suppressed by CMA activation. Activation of autophagic pathways to reduce aged-related accumulation of pathogenic SNCA oligomers is a viable disease-modifying therapeutic strategy for PD. Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; AR7: 7-chloro-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2H-1,4-benzoxazine; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CQ: chloroquine; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; DDM: n-dodecyl β-D-maltoside; DIV: days in vitro; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FACS: fluorescence-activated cell sorting; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GWAS: genome-wide association studies; HSPA8/HSC70: heat shock protein 8; KFERQ: CMA recognition pentapeptide; KI: knockin; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; LAMP2A: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LRRK2: leucine-rich repeat kinase 2; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblast; NDUFS4: NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4; NE: novel epitope; PD: Parkinson disease; RARA/RARα: retinoic acid receptor, alpha; SNCA: synuclein, alpha; TUBB3/TUJ1: tubulin, beta 3 class III; WT: wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Wing-Lok Ho
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Chi-Ting Leung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Huifang Liu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Shirley Yin-Yu Pang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Colin Siu-Chi Lam
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Jiawen Xian
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Lingfei Li
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Michelle Hiu-Wai Kung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - David Boyer Ramsden
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shu-Leong Ho
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong S.A.R., China
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230
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Takemasu S, Nigorikawa K, Yamada M, Tsurumi G, Kofuji S, Takasuga S, Hazeki K. Phosphorylation of TMEM55B by Erk/MAPK regulates lysosomal positioning. J Biochem 2019; 166:175-185. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
TMEM55B is first identified as phosphatidylinositol-4,5-P24-phosphatases (PtdIns-4,5-P24-phosphatases) that catalyse dephosphorylation of PtdIns-4,5-P2 to PtdIns-5-P. We demonstrate for the first time that TMEM55B is phosphorylated by Erk/MAPK and that this mechanism participates in regulation of lysosomal clustering. Exposure of RAW264.7 macrophages to various stimuli induces phosphorylation of TMEM55B on Ser76 and Ser169, sites corresponding to consensus sequences (PX(S/T)P) for phosphorylation by MAPK. Of these stimuli, Toll-like receptor ligands most strongly induce TMEM55B phosphorylation, and this is blocked by the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126. However, phosphorylation does not impact intrinsic phosphatase activity of TMEM55B. TMEM55B has recently been implicated in starvation induced lysosomal translocation. Amino acid starvation induces perinuclear lamp1 clustering in RAW264.7 macrophages, which was attenuated by shRNA-mediated knock-down or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-out of TMEM55B. Cells exposed to U0126 also exhibit attenuated lamp1 clustering. Overexpression of TMEM55B but not TMEM55A notably enhances lamp1 clustering, with TMEM55B mutants (lacking phosphorylation sites or mimicking the phosphorylated state) exhibiting lower and higher efficacies (respectively) than wild-type TMEM55B. Collectively, results suggest that phosphorylation of TMEM55B by Erk/MAPK impacts lysosomal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Takemasu
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Nigorikawa
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miho Yamada
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Go Tsurumi
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kofuji
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Takasuga
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kaoru Hazeki
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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231
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Sharma G, Guardia CM, Roy A, Vassilev A, Saric A, Griner LN, Marugan J, Ferrer M, Bonifacino JS, DePamphilis ML. A family of PIKFYVE inhibitors with therapeutic potential against autophagy-dependent cancer cells disrupt multiple events in lysosome homeostasis. Autophagy 2019; 15:1694-1718. [PMID: 30806145 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1586257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput screening identified 5 chemical analogs (termed the WX8-family) that disrupted 3 events in lysosome homeostasis: (1) lysosome fission via tubulation without preventing homotypic lysosome fusion; (2) trafficking of molecules into lysosomes without altering lysosomal acidity, and (3) heterotypic fusion between lysosomes and autophagosomes. Remarkably, these compounds did not prevent homotypic fusion between lysosomes, despite the fact that homotypic fusion required some of the same machinery essential for heterotypic fusion. These effects varied 400-fold among WX8-family members, were time and concentration dependent, reversible, and resulted primarily from their ability to bind specifically to the PIKFYVE phosphoinositide kinase. The ability of the WX8-family to prevent lysosomes from participating in macroautophagy/autophagy suggested they have therapeutic potential in treating autophagy-dependent diseases. In fact, the most potent family member (WX8) was 100-times more lethal to 'autophagy-addicted' melanoma A375 cells than the lysosomal inhibitors hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. In contrast, cells that were insensitive to hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine were also insensitive to WX8. Therefore, the WX8-family of PIKFYVE inhibitors provides a basis for developing drugs that could selectively kill autophagy-dependent cancer cells, as well as increasing the effectiveness of established anti-cancer therapies through combinatorial treatments. Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; Baf: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1; BODIPY: boron-dipyrromethene; BORC: BLOC-1 related complex; BRAF: B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CTSD: cathepsin D; CQ: chloroquine; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; EC50: half maximal effective concentration; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; HOPS complex: homotypic fusion and protein sorting complex; Kd: equilibrium binding constant; IC50: half maximal inhibitory concentration; KO: knockout; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3A: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha; MES: 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulphonic acid; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; μM: micromolar; NDF: 3-methylbenzaldehyde (2,6-dimorpholin-4-ylpyrimidin-4-yl)hydrazine;NEM: N-ethylmaleimide; NSF: N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PIKFYVE: phosphoinositide kinase, FYVE-type zinc finger containing; PIP4K2C: phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase type 2 gamma; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; PtdIns(3,5)P2: phosphatidylinositol 3,5-biphosphate; RFP: red fluorescent protein; RPS6: ribosomal protein S6; RPS6KB1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TWEEN 20: polysorbate 20; V-ATPase: vacuolar-type H+-translocating ATPase; VPS39: VPS39 subunit of HOPS complex; VPS41: VPS41 subunit of HOPS complex; WWL: benzaldehyde [2,6-di(4-morpholinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]hydrazone; WX8: 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde [4-anilino-6-(4-morpholinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]hydrazine; XBA: N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4,6-dimorpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine hydrochloride; XB6: N-(4-ethylphenyl)-4,6-dimorpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine hydrochloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Carlos M Guardia
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Ajit Roy
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Alex Vassilev
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Amra Saric
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Lori N Griner
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Juan Marugan
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Rockville , MD , USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Rockville , MD , USA
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Melvin L DePamphilis
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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232
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The Late Endosomal Pathway Regulates the Ciliary Targeting of Tetraspanin Protein Peripherin 2. J Neurosci 2019; 39:3376-3393. [PMID: 30819798 PMCID: PMC6495125 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2811-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripherin 2 (PRPH2) is a tetraspanin protein concentrated in the light-sensing cilium (called the outer segment) of the vertebrate photoreceptor. The mechanism underlying the ciliary targeting of PRPH2 and the etiology of cone dystrophy caused by PRPH2 mutations remain elusive. Here we show that the late endosome (LE) is the main waystation that critically sorts newly synthesized PRPH2 to the cilium. PRPH2 is expressed in the luminal membrane of the LE. We delineate multiple C-terminal motifs of PRPH2 that distinctively regulate its LE and ciliary targeting through ubiquitination and binding to ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport) component Hrs. Using the newly developed TetOn-inducible system in transfected male and female mouse cones in vivo, we show that the entry of nascent PRPH2 into the cone outer segment can be blocked by either cone dystrophy-causing C-terminal mutations of PRPH2, or by short-term perturbation of the LE or recycling endosomal traffic. These findings open new avenues of research to explore the biological role of the LE in the biosynthetic pathway and the etiology of cone dystrophy caused by PRPH2 mutations and/or malfunctions of the LE.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Peripherin 2 (PRPH2) is a tetraspanin protein abundantly expressed in the light-sensing cilium, the outer segment, of the vertebrate photoreceptor. The mechanism underlying the ciliary transport of PRPH2 is unclear. The present study reveals a novel ciliary targeting pathway, in which the newly synthesized PRPH2 is first targeted to the lumen of the late endosome (LE) en route to the cilia. We deciphered the protein motifs and the machinery that regulates the LE trafficking of PRPH2. Using a novel TetOn-inducible system in transfected mouse cones, we showed that the LE pathway of PRPH2 is critical for its outer segment expression. A cone dystrophy-causing mutation impairs the LE and ciliary targeting of PRPH2, implicating the relevance of LE to cone/macular degenerative diseases.
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233
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Muñoz-Braceras S, Tornero-Écija AR, Vincent O, Escalante R. VPS13A is closely associated with mitochondria and is required for efficient lysosomal degradation. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm036681. [PMID: 30709847 PMCID: PMC6398486 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.036681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the VPS13 family are associated with various human diseases. In particular, the loss of function of VPS13A leads to chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc), a rare neurodegenerative disease without available curative treatments. Autophagy has been considered a promising therapeutic target because the absence of VPS13A causes a defective autophagy flux. However, the mechanistic details of this deficiency are unknown. Here, we identified Rab7A as an interactor of one of the VPS13 family members in Dictyostelium discoideum and showed that this interaction is conserved between the human homologs VPS13A and RAB7A in HeLa cells. As RAB7A is a key player in endosome trafficking, we addressed the possible function of VPS13A in endosome dynamics and lysosome degradation. Our results suggest that the decrease in autophagy observed in the absence of VPS13A may be the result of a more general defect in endocytic trafficking and lysosomal degradation. Unexpectedly, we found that VPS13A is closely localized to mitochondria, suggesting that the role of VPS13A in the endolysosomal pathway might be related to inter-organelle communication. We show that VPS13A localizes at the interface between mitochondria-endosomes and mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum and that the presence of membrane contact sites is altered in the absence of VPS13A. Based on these findings, we propose that therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the endolysosomal pathway could be beneficial in the treatment of ChAc.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Muñoz-Braceras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Department of Experimental Models of Human Diseases, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma Madrid (UAM), 28029-Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba R Tornero-Écija
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Department of Experimental Models of Human Diseases, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma Madrid (UAM), 28029-Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivier Vincent
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Department of Experimental Models of Human Diseases, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma Madrid (UAM), 28029-Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Escalante
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Department of Experimental Models of Human Diseases, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma Madrid (UAM), 28029-Madrid, Spain
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234
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Leung K, Chakraborty K, Saminathan A, Krishnan Y. A DNA nanomachine chemically resolves lysosomes in live cells. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:176-183. [PMID: 30510277 PMCID: PMC6859053 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are multifunctional, subcellular organelles with roles in plasma membrane repair, autophagy, pathogen degradation and nutrient sensing. Dysfunctional lysosomes underlie Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and rare lysosomal storage diseases, but their contributions to these pathophysiologies are unclear. Live imaging has revealed lysosome subpopulations with different physical characteristics including dynamics, morphology or cellular localization. Here, we chemically resolve lysosome subpopulations using a DNA-based combination reporter that quantitatively images pH and chloride simultaneously in the same lysosome while retaining single-lysosome information in live cells. We call this technology two-ion measurement or 2-IM. 2-IM of lysosomes in primary skin fibroblasts derived from healthy individuals shows two main lysosome populations, one of which is absent in primary cells derived from patients with Niemann-Pick disease. When patient cells are treated with relevant therapeutics, the second population re-emerges. Chemically resolving lysosomes by 2-IM could enable decoding the mechanistic underpinnings of lysosomal diseases, monitoring disease progression or evaluating therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- KaHo Leung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kasturi Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anand Saminathan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yamuna Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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235
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von Kleist L, Ariunbat K, Braren I, Stauber T, Storch S, Danyukova T. A newly generated neuronal cell model of CLN7 disease reveals aberrant lysosome motility and impaired cell survival. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126:196-205. [PMID: 30301600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the CLN7/MFSD8 gene encoding the lysosomal membrane protein CLN7 are causative of CLN7 disease, an inherited neurodegenerative disorder that typically affects children. To gain insight into the pathomechanisms of CLN7 disease, we established an immortalized cell line based on cerebellar (Cb) granule neuron precursors isolated from Cln7-/- mice. Here, we demonstrate that Cln7-deficient neuron-derived Cb cells display an abnormal phenotype that includes increased size and defective outward movement of late endosomes and lysosomes as well as impaired lysosomal exocytosis. Whereas Cln7-/- Cb cells appeared to be autophagy-competent, loss of Cln7 resulted in enhanced cell death under prolonged nutrient deprivation. Furthermore, reduced cell survival of Cln7-deficient cells was accompanied by a significantly impaired protein kinase B/Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 during long-term starvation. In summary, our data demonstrate for the first time that the putative lysosomal transporter CLN7 is relevant for lysosome motility and plays an important role for neuronal cell survival under conditions of starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa von Kleist
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Khandsuren Ariunbat
- Section Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ingke Braren
- Vector Core Unit, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Stauber
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stephan Storch
- Section Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tatyana Danyukova
- Section Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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236
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Tan S, Yu CY, Sim ZW, Low ZS, Lee B, See F, Min N, Gautam A, Chu JJH, Ng KW, Wong E. Pomegranate activates TFEB to promote autophagy-lysosomal fitness and mitophagy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:727. [PMID: 30679718 PMCID: PMC6346015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction underscores aging and diseases. Mitophagy (mitochondria + autophagy) is a quality control pathway that preserves mitochondrial health by targeting damaged mitochondria for autophagic degradation. Hence, molecules or compounds that can augment mitophagy are therapeutic candidates to mitigate mitochondrial-related diseases. However, mitochondrial stress remains the most effective inducer of mitophagy. Thus, identification of mitophagy-inducing regimes that are clinically relevant is favorable. In this study, pomegranate extract (PE) supplementation is shown to stimulate mitophagy. PE activates transcription factor EB (TFEB) to upregulate the expression of autophagy and lysosomal genes for mitochondrial quality control under basal and stress conditions. Basally, PE alters mitochondrial morphology and promotes recruitment of autophagosomes to the mitochondria (mitophagosome formation). Upon onset of mitochondrial stress, PE further augments mitophagosome formation, and engages PINK1 and Parkin to the mitochondria to potentiate mitophagy. This cellular phenomenon of PE-induced mitophagy helps to negate superfluous mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial impairment. Overall, our study highlights the potential of PE supplementation as a physiological therapy to modulate TFEB activity to alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and mitochondrial-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Chye Yun Yu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Zhi Wei Sim
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Zun Siong Low
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Brianna Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Faith See
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Nyo Min
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Archana Gautam
- School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Esther Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore. .,Department of Physiology and Medical Science Cluster, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore. .,Centre for Healthy Ageing, National University Health System, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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237
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Marques ARA, Saftig P. Lysosomal storage disorders - challenges, concepts and avenues for therapy: beyond rare diseases. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs221739. [PMID: 30651381 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.221739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pivotal role of lysosomes in cellular processes is increasingly appreciated. An understanding of the balanced interplay between the activity of acidic hydrolases, lysosomal membrane proteins and cytosolic proteins is required. Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are characterized by disturbances in this network and by intralysosomal accumulation of substrates, often only in certain cell types. Even though our knowledge of these diseases has increased and therapies have been established, many aspects of the molecular pathology of LSDs remain obscure. This Review aims to discuss how lysosomal storage affects functions linked to lysosomes, such as membrane repair, autophagy, exocytosis, lipid homeostasis, signalling cascades and cell viability. Therapies must aim to correct lysosomal storage not only morphologically, but reverse its (patho)biochemical consequences. As different LSDs have different molecular causes, this requires custom tailoring of therapies. We will discuss the major advantages and drawbacks of current and possible future therapies for LSDs. Study of the pathological molecular mechanisms underlying these 'experiments of nature' often yields information that is relevant for other conditions found in the general population. Therefore, more common diseases may profit from a correction of impaired lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R A Marques
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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238
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Ortiz Flores RM, Distel JS, Aguilera MO, Berón W. The role of microtubules and the dynein/dynactin motor complex of host cells in the biogenesis of the Coxiella burnetii-containing vacuole. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209820. [PMID: 30640917 PMCID: PMC6331085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (Mts) are dynamic cytoskeleton structures that play a key role in vesicular transport. The Mts-mediated transport depends on motor proteins named kinesins and the dynein/dynactin motor complex. The Rab7 adapter protein FYCO1 controls the anterograde transport of the endocytic compartments through the interaction with the kinesin KIF5. Rab7 and its partner RILP induce the recruitment of dynein/dynactin to late endosomes regulating its retrograde transport to the perinuclear area to fuse with lysosomes. The late endosomal-lysosomal fusion is regulated by the HOPS complex through its interaction with RILP and the GTPase Arl8. Coxiella burnetii (Cb), the causative agent of Q fever, is an obligate intracellular pathogen, which generates a large compartment with autophagolysosomal characteristics named Cb-containing vacuole (CCV). The CCV forms through homotypic fusion between small non-replicative CCVs (nrCCV) and through heterotypic fusion with other compartments, such as endosomes and lysosomes. In this work, we characterise the role of Mts, motor proteins, RILP/Rab7 and Arl8 on the CCV biogenesis. The formation of the CCV was affected when either the dynamics and/or the acetylation state of Mts were modified. Similarly, the overexpression of the dynactin subunit non-functional mutants p150Glued and RILP led to the formation of small nrCCVs. This phenomenon is not observed in cells overexpressing WT proteins, the motor KIF5 or its interacting protein FYCO1. The formation of the CCV was normal in infected cells that overexpressed Arl8 alone or together with hVps41 (a HOPS subunit) or in cells co-overexpressing hVps41 and RILP. The dominant negative mutant of Arl8 and the non-functional hVps41 inhibited the formation of the CCV. When the formation of CCV was affected, the bacterial multiplication diminished. Our results suggest that nrCCVs recruit the molecular machinery that regulate the Mts-dependent retrograde transport, Rab7/RILP and the dynein/dynactin system, as well as the tethering processes such as HOPS complex and Arl8 to finally originate the CCV where C. burnetii multiplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo M. Ortiz Flores
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo—CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Jesús S. Distel
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo—CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Milton O. Aguilera
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo—CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Walter Berón
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo—CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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239
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Paget TL, Parkinson-Lawrence EJ, Orgeig S. Interstitial lung disease and surfactant dysfunction as a secondary manifestation of disease: insights from lysosomal storage disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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240
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Zhao YG, Zhang H. Autophagosome maturation: An epic journey from the ER to lysosomes. J Cell Biol 2018; 218:757-770. [PMID: 30578282 PMCID: PMC6400552 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201810099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic contents in a double-membrane autophagosome and their delivery to lysosomes for degradation. In multicellular organisms, nascent autophagosomes fuse with vesicles originating from endolysosomal compartments before forming degradative autolysosomes, a process known as autophagosome maturation. ATG8 family members, tethering factors, Rab GTPases, and SNARE proteins act coordinately to mediate fusion of autophagosomes with endolysosomal vesicles. The machinery mediating autophagosome maturation is under spatiotemporal control and provides regulatory nodes to integrate nutrient availability with autophagy activity. Dysfunction of autophagosome maturation is associated with various human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, Vici syndrome, cancer, and lysosomal storage disorders. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagosome maturation will provide new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan G Zhao
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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241
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Mohan N, Sorokina EM, Verdeny IV, Alvarez AS, Lakadamyali M. Detyrosinated microtubules spatially constrain lysosomes facilitating lysosome-autophagosome fusion. J Cell Biol 2018; 218:632-643. [PMID: 30567713 PMCID: PMC6363446 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201807124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Detyrosinated microtubules constitute a minor subpopulation of microtubules in epithelial cells. Lysosomes are specifically enriched on detyrosinated microtubules through a kinesin-1–dependent mechanism. This spatial constraining of lysosomes to a subset of microtubules enables them to efficiently encounter and fuse with autophagosomes to initiate autophagy. Microtubule post-translational modifications impart functional diversity to microtubules by affecting their dynamics, organization, and interaction with proteins. Using super-resolution microscopy, we show that only a small subpopulation of microtubules are detyrosinated in epithelial cells, while acetylated and tyrosinated microtubules comprise the majority of all microtubules. Surprisingly, lysosomes are enriched by approximately threefold on detyrosinated microtubules. Further, their motility on detyrosinated microtubules is impaired, showing shorter runs and more frequent and longer pauses. Lysosome enrichment is mediated through a kinesin-1–dependent mechanism, since knocking down this motor abolishes enrichment. Finally, correlative live-cell and super-resolution microscopy showed that lysosomes interact with autophagosomes on detyrosinated microtubules. Removal of detyrosinated microtubules or knockdown of kinesin-1 leads to a decrease in the percentage of autolysosomes, a fusion intermediate of autophagosomes and lysosomes. Taken together, our data reveal a new role of detyrosinated microtubules as hubs that spatially concentrate lysosomes on a small subset of microtubules and facilitate their interaction and fusion with autophagosomes to initiate autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Mohan
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Elena M Sorokina
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ione Vilanova Verdeny
- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Sandoval Alvarez
- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melike Lakadamyali
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA .,Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
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242
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Capmany A, Latgé B, Schauer K. Analysis of Organelle Positioning Using Patterned Microdevices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 82:e77. [DOI: 10.1002/cpcb.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anahi Capmany
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport Group Paris France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris France
- School of Medicine FCM‐UNCuyo, CONICET, Biochemistry and Immunity Laboratory Mendoza Argentina
| | - Bruno Latgé
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport Group Paris France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris France
| | - Kristine Schauer
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport Group Paris France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris France
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243
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Abstract
Rapamycin and its derivatives are specific inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase and, as a result, are well-established immunosuppressants and antitumorigenic agents. Additionally, this class of drug promotes gene delivery by facilitating lentiviral vector entry into cells, revealing its potential to improve gene therapy efforts. However, the precise mechanism was unknown. Here, we report that mTOR inhibitor treatment results in down-regulation of the IFN-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins. IFITM proteins, especially IFITM3, are potent inhibitors of virus-cell fusion and are broadly active against a range of pathogenic viruses. We found that the effect of rapamycin treatment on lentiviral transduction is diminished upon IFITM silencing or knockout in primary and transformed cells, and the extent of transduction enhancement depends on basal expression of IFITM proteins, with a major contribution from IFITM3. The effect of rapamycin treatment on IFITM3 manifests at the level of protein, but not mRNA, and is selective, as many other endosome-associated transmembrane proteins are unaffected. Rapamycin-mediated degradation of IFITM3 requires endosomal trafficking, ubiquitination, endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, and lysosomal acidification. Since IFITM proteins exhibit broad antiviral activity, we show that mTOR inhibition also promotes infection by another IFITM-sensitive virus, Influenza A virus, but not infection by Sendai virus, which is IFITM-resistant. Our results identify the molecular basis by which mTOR inhibitors enhance virus entry into cells and reveal a previously unrecognized immunosuppressive feature of these clinically important drugs. In addition, this study uncovers a functional convergence between the mTOR pathway and IFITM proteins at endolysosomal membranes.
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244
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Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of over 70 diseases that are characterized by lysosomal dysfunction, most of which are inherited as autosomal recessive traits. These disorders are individually rare but collectively affect 1 in 5,000 live births. LSDs typically present in infancy and childhood, although adult-onset forms also occur. Most LSDs have a progressive neurodegenerative clinical course, although symptoms in other organ systems are frequent. LSD-associated genes encode different lysosomal proteins, including lysosomal enzymes and lysosomal membrane proteins. The lysosome is the key cellular hub for macromolecule catabolism, recycling and signalling, and defects that impair any of these functions cause the accumulation of undigested or partially digested macromolecules in lysosomes (that is, 'storage') or impair the transport of molecules, which can result in cellular damage. Consequently, the cellular pathogenesis of these diseases is complex and is currently incompletely understood. Several LSDs can be treated with approved, disease-specific therapies that are mostly based on enzyme replacement. However, small-molecule therapies, including substrate reduction and chaperone therapies, have also been developed and are approved for some LSDs, whereas gene therapy and genome editing are at advanced preclinical stages and, for a few disorders, have already progressed to the clinic.
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245
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Fuchs R, Stracke A, Holzmann V, Luschin-Ebengreuth G, Meier-Allard N, Ebner N, Lassacher TM, Absenger-Novak M, Fröhlich E, Schittmayer M, Cano Crespo S, Palacin M, Rinner B, Birner-Gruenberger R. Prazosin induced lysosomal tubulation interferes with cytokinesis and the endocytic sorting of the tumour antigen CD98hc. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1211-1229. [PMID: 29909287 PMCID: PMC6070144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The quinazoline based drug prazosin (PRZ) is a potent inducer of apoptosis in human cancer cells. We recently reported that PRZ enters cells via endocytosis and induces tubulation of the endolysosomal system. In a proteomics approach aimed at identifying potential membrane proteins with binding affinity to quinazolines, we detected the oncoprotein CD98hc. We confirmed shuttling of CD98hc towards lysosomes and upregulation of CD98hc expression in PRZ treated cells. Gene knockout (KO) experiments revealed that endocytosis of PRZ still occurs in the absence of CD98hc - suggesting that PRZ does not enter the cell via CD98hc but misroutes the protein towards tubular lysosomes. Lysosomal tubulation interfered with completion of cytokinesis and provoked endoreplication. CD98hc KO cells showed reduced endoreplication capacity and lower sensitivity towards PRZ induced apoptosis than wild type cells. Thus, loss of CD98hc does not affect endocytosis of PRZ and lysosomal tubulation, but the ability for endoreplication and survival of cells. Furthermore, we found that glutamine, lysomototropic agents - namely chloroquine and NH4Cl - as well as inhibition of v-ATPase, interfere with the intracellular transport of CD98hc. In summary, our study further emphasizes lysosomes as target organelles to inhibit proliferation and to induce cell death in cancer. Most importantly, we demonstrate for the first time that the intracellular trafficking of CD98hc can be modulated by small molecules. Since CD98hc is considered as a potential drug target in several types of human malignancies, our study possesses translational significance suggesting, that old drugs are able to act on a novel target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fuchs
- Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Anika Stracke
- Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Viktoria Holzmann
- Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, 8010 Graz, Austria; FH JOANNEUM - University of Applied Sciences, Alte Poststraße 149, 8020 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerfried Luschin-Ebengreuth
- Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nathalie Meier-Allard
- Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nadine Ebner
- Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Teresa Maria Lassacher
- Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Absenger-Novak
- Centre for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eleonore Fröhlich
- Centre for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias Schittmayer
- Research Unit Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036 Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sara Cano Crespo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB-Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, and CIBERER, Parc Científic de Barcelona. Baldiri I Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Palacin
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB-Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, and CIBERER, Parc Científic de Barcelona. Baldiri I Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beate Rinner
- Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Roseggerweg 48, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Research Unit Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036 Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
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246
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Formation and maturation of autophagosomes in higher eukaryotes: a social network. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 53:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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247
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Naslavsky N, Caplan S. The enigmatic endosome - sorting the ins and outs of endocytic trafficking. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/13/jcs216499. [PMID: 29980602 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.216499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The early endosome (EE), also known as the sorting endosome (SE) is a crucial station for the sorting of cargoes, such as receptors and lipids, through the endocytic pathways. The term endosome relates to the receptacle-like nature of this organelle, to which endocytosed cargoes are funneled upon internalization from the plasma membrane. Having been delivered by the fusion of internalized vesicles with the EE or SE, cargo molecules are then sorted to a variety of endocytic pathways, including the endo-lysosomal pathway for degradation, direct or rapid recycling to the plasma membrane, and to a slower recycling pathway that involves a specialized form of endosome known as a recycling endosome (RE), often localized to the perinuclear endocytic recycling compartment (ERC). It is striking that 'the endosome', which plays such essential cellular roles, has managed to avoid a precise description, and its characteristics remain ambiguous and heterogeneous. Moreover, despite the rapid advances in scientific methodologies, including breakthroughs in light microscopy, overall, the endosome remains poorly defined. This Review will attempt to collate key characteristics of the different types of endosomes and provide a platform for discussion of this unique and fascinating collection of organelles. Moreover, under-developed, poorly understood and important open questions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naava Naslavsky
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Steve Caplan
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA .,The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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248
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Robert A, Tian P, Adam SA, Kittisopikul M, Jaqaman K, Goldman RD, Gelfand VI. Kinesin-dependent transport of keratin filaments: a unified mechanism for intermediate filament transport. FASEB J 2018; 33:388-399. [PMID: 29944446 PMCID: PMC6355078 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800604r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Keratin intermediate filaments (IFs) are the major cytoskeletal component in epithelial cells. The dynamics of keratin IFs have been described to depend mostly on the actin cytoskeleton, but the rapid transport of fully polymerized keratin filaments has not been reported. In this work, we used a combination of photoconversion experiments and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 genome editing to study the role of microtubules and microtubule motors in keratin filament transport. We found that long keratin filaments, like other types of IFs, are transported along microtubules by kinesin-1. Our data revealed that keratin and vimentin are nonconventional kinesin-1 cargoes because their transport did not require kinesin light chains, which are a typical adapter for kinesin-dependent cargo transport. Furthermore, we found that the same domain of the kinesin heavy chain tail is involved in keratin and vimentin IF transport, strongly suggesting that multiple types of IFs move along microtubules using an identical mechanism.-Robert, A., Tian, P., Adam, S. A., Kittisopikul, M., Jaqaman, K., Goldman, R. D., Gelfand, V. I. Kinesin-dependent transport of keratin filaments: a unified mechanism for intermediate filament transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Robert
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peirun Tian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephen A Adam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark Kittisopikul
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; and
| | - Khuloud Jaqaman
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; and.,Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Robert D Goldman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vladimir I Gelfand
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Popara J, Accomasso L, Vitale E, Gallina C, Roggio D, Iannuzzi A, Raimondo S, Rastaldo R, Alberto G, Catalano F, Martra G, Turinetto V, Pagliaro P, Giachino C. Silica nanoparticles actively engage with mesenchymal stem cells in improving acute functional cardiac integration. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1121-1138. [PMID: 29882732 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess functional effects of silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) cardiac integration potential. METHODS SiO2-NPs were synthesized and their internalization effects on hMSCs analyzed with particular emphasis on interaction of hMSCs with the cardiac environment Results: SiO2-NP internalization affected the area and maturation level of hMSC focal adhesions, accounting for increased in vitro adhesion capacity and augmented engraftment in the myocardial tissue upon cell injection in infarcted isolated rat hearts. SiO2-NP treatment also enhanced hMSC expression of Connexin-43, favoring hMSC interaction with cocultured cardiac myoblasts in an ischemia-like environment. CONCLUSION These findings provide strong evidence that SiO2-NPs actively engage in mediating biological effects, ultimately resulting in augmented hMSC acute cardiac integration potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Popara
- Department of Clinical & Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Lisa Accomasso
- Department of Clinical & Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Vitale
- Department of Clinical & Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Clara Gallina
- Department of Clinical & Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Dorotea Roggio
- Department of Clinical & Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Ambra Iannuzzi
- Department of Clinical & Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical & Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Raffaella Rastaldo
- Department of Clinical & Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Alberto
- Department of Chemistry, Interdepartmental Centre "Nanostructured Interfaces & Surfaces" University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Catalano
- Department of Chemistry, Interdepartmental Centre "Nanostructured Interfaces & Surfaces" University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Gianmario Martra
- Department of Chemistry, Interdepartmental Centre "Nanostructured Interfaces & Surfaces" University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Turinetto
- Department of Clinical & Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical & Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Giachino
- Department of Clinical & Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
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250
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Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein 1 is an important microtubule-based motor in many eukaryotic cells. Dynein has critical roles both in interphase and during cell division. Here, we focus on interphase cargoes of dynein, which include membrane-bound organelles, RNAs, protein complexes and viruses. A central challenge in the field is to understand how a single motor can transport such a diverse array of cargoes and how this process is regulated. The molecular basis by which each cargo is linked to dynein and its cofactor dynactin has started to emerge. Of particular importance for this process is a set of coiled-coil proteins - activating adaptors - that both recruit dynein-dynactin to their cargoes and activate dynein motility.
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