2751
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Wakabayashi N, Chartoumpekis DV, Kensler TW. Crosstalk between Nrf2 and Notch signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:158-167. [PMID: 26003520 PMCID: PMC4628857 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2) belongs to the CNC-bZip protein family, forming a transcriptosome with its direct heterodimer partner, sMaf, and co-factors such as CBP/p300. Nrf2 binds to one or more AREs (antioxidant response elements) that are located in the gene regulatory regions of the hundreds of Nrf2 target genes. The AREs are key enhancers that are activated in response to endogenous or exogenous stresses to maintain cellular and tissue homeostasis. Data emanating from gene expression microarray analyses comparing Nrf2-disrupted and wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) showed that expression of Notch1 and Notch-signaling-related genes were decreased in Nrf2-disrupted cells. This observation triggered our research on Nrf2-Notch crosstalk. A functional ARE has been identified upstream of the Notch1 major transcription start site. Furthermore, an Rbpjκ binding site is conserved on the promoters of Nrf2 among animal species. Notch1 is one of the transmembrane Notch family receptors that drive Notch signaling, together with the Rbpjκ transcription factor. After canonically accepting ligands such as Jags and Deltas, the receptor undergoes cleavage to yield the Notch intracellular domain, which translocates to the nucleus. Recent studies using conditional knockout mice indicate that Notch1 as well as Notch2 plays an important role postnatally in liver development and in maintenance of hepatic function. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the role of reciprocal transcriptional regulation between Nrf2 and Notch in adult liver from studies using Nrf2, Keap1, and Notch1 genetically engineered mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobunao Wakabayashi
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Dionysios V Chartoumpekis
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Environmental Health Science, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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2752
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Tebay LE, Robertson H, Durant ST, Vitale SR, Penning TM, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Hayes JD. Mechanisms of activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 by redox stressors, nutrient cues, and energy status and the pathways through which it attenuates degenerative disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:108-146. [PMID: 26122708 PMCID: PMC4659505 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 597] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the basal and stress-inducible expression of a battery of genes encoding key components of the glutathione-based and thioredoxin-based antioxidant systems, as well as aldo-keto reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 drug-metabolizing isoenzymes along with multidrug-resistance-associated efflux pumps. It therefore plays a pivotal role in both intrinsic resistance and cellular adaptation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and xenobiotics. Activation of Nrf2 can, however, serve as a double-edged sword because some of the genes it induces may contribute to chemical carcinogenesis by promoting futile redox cycling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites or confer resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs by increasing the expression of efflux pumps, suggesting its cytoprotective effects will vary in a context-specific fashion. In addition to cytoprotection, Nrf2 also controls genes involved in intermediary metabolism, positively regulating those involved in NADPH generation, purine biosynthesis, and the β-oxidation of fatty acids, while suppressing those involved in lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. Nrf2 is subject to regulation at multiple levels. Its ability to orchestrate adaptation to oxidants and electrophiles is due principally to stress-stimulated modification of thiols within one of its repressors, the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), which is present in the cullin-3 RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complex CRLKeap1. Thus modification of Cys residues in Keap1 blocks CRLKeap1 activity, allowing newly translated Nrf2 to accumulate rapidly and induce its target genes. The ability of Keap1 to repress Nrf2 can be attenuated by p62/sequestosome-1 in a mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent manner, thereby allowing refeeding after fasting to increase Nrf2-target gene expression. In parallel with repression by Keap1, Nrf2 is also repressed by β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP), present in the Skp1-cullin-1-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complex SCFβ-TrCP. The ability of SCFβ-TrCP to suppress Nrf2 activity is itself enhanced by prior phosphorylation of the transcription factor by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) through formation of a DSGIS-containing phosphodegron. However, formation of the phosphodegron in Nrf2 by GSK-3 is inhibited by stimuli that activate protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt. In particular, PKB/Akt activity can be increased by phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mTORC2, thereby providing an explanation of why antioxidant-responsive element-driven genes are induced by growth factors and nutrients. Thus Nrf2 activity is tightly controlled via CRLKeap1 and SCFβ-TrCP by oxidative stress and energy-based signals, allowing it to mediate adaptive responses that restore redox homeostasis and modulate intermediary metabolism. Based on the fact that Nrf2 influences multiple biochemical pathways in both positive and negative ways, it is likely its dose-response curve, in terms of susceptibility to certain degenerative disease, is U-shaped. Specifically, too little Nrf2 activity will lead to loss of cytoprotection, diminished antioxidant capacity, and lowered β-oxidation of fatty acids, while conversely also exhibiting heightened sensitivity to ROS-based signaling that involves receptor tyrosine kinases and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1. By contrast, too much Nrf2 activity disturbs the homeostatic balance in favor of reduction, and so may have deleterious consequences including overproduction of reduced glutathione and NADPH, the blunting of ROS-based signal transduction, epithelial cell hyperplasia, and failure of certain cell types to differentiate correctly. We discuss the basis of a putative U-shaped Nrf2 dose-response curve in terms of potentially competing processes relevant to different stages of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Tebay
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Holly Robertson
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Stephen T Durant
- AstraZeneca Oncology Innovative Medicines, Bioscience, 33F197 Mereside, Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Steven R Vitale
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
| | - Trevor M Penning
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - John D Hayes
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
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2753
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Lin CS, Lin YC, Adebayo BO, Wu A, Chen JH, Peng YJ, Cheng MF, Lee WH, Hsiao M, Chao TY, Yeh CT. Silencing JARID1B suppresses oncogenicity, stemness and increases radiation sensitivity in human oral carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2015; 368:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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2754
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The benefit and risk of screening for oral potentially malignant epithelial lesions and squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 120:537-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2755
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Leonard B, McCann JL, Starrett GJ, Kosyakovsky L, Luengas EM, Molan AM, Burns MB, McDougle RM, Parker PJ, Brown WL, Harris RS. The PKC/NF-κB signaling pathway induces APOBEC3B expression in multiple human cancers. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4538-47. [PMID: 26420215 PMCID: PMC4631676 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2171-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the antiviral DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3B has been linked to somatic mutagenesis in many cancers. Human papillomavirus infection accounts for APOBEC3B upregulation in cervical and head/neck cancers, but the mechanisms underlying nonviral malignancies are unclear. In this study, we investigated the signal transduction pathways responsible for APOBEC3B upregulation. Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by the diacylglycerol mimic phorbol-myristic acid resulted in specific and dose-responsive increases in APOBEC3B expression and activity, which could then be strongly suppressed by PKC or NF-κB inhibition. PKC activation caused the recruitment of RELB, but not RELA, to the APOBEC3B promoter, implicating noncanonical NF-κB signaling. Notably, PKC was required for APOBEC3B upregulation in cancer cell lines derived from multiple tumor types. By revealing how APOBEC3B is upregulated in many cancers, our findings suggest that PKC and NF-κB inhibitors may be repositioned to suppress cancer mutagenesis, dampen tumor evolution, and decrease the probability of adverse outcomes, such as drug resistance and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Leonard
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jennifer L McCann
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Gabriel J Starrett
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Leah Kosyakovsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Elizabeth M Luengas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Amy M Molan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael B Burns
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Rebecca M McDougle
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Peter J Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - William L Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Reuben S Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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2756
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Kim P, Cheng F, Zhao J, Zhao Z. ccmGDB: a database for cancer cell metabolism genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:D959-68. [PMID: 26519468 PMCID: PMC4702820 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that rewiring of metabolism in cells is an important hallmark of cancer. The percentage of patients killed by metabolic disorder has been estimated to be 30% of the advanced-stage cancer patients. Thus, a systematic annotation of cancer cell metabolism genes is imperative. Here, we present ccmGDB (Cancer Cell Metabolism Gene DataBase), a comprehensive annotation database for cell metabolism genes in cancer, available at http://bioinfo.mc.vanderbilt.edu/ccmGDB. We assembled, curated, and integrated genetic, genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, biological network and functional information for over 2000 cell metabolism genes in more than 30 cancer types. In total, we integrated over 260 000 somatic alterations including non-synonymous mutations, copy number variants and structural variants. We also integrated RNA-Seq data in various primary tumors, gene expression microarray data in over 1000 cancer cell lines and protein expression data. Furthermore, we constructed cancer or tissue type-specific, gene co-expression based protein interaction networks and drug-target interaction networks. Using these systematic annotations, the ccmGDB portal site provides 6 categories: gene summary, phenotypic information, somatic mutations, gene and protein expression, gene co-expression network and drug pharmacological information with a user-friendly interface for browsing and searching. ccmGDB is developed and maintained as a useful resource for the cancer research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pora Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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2757
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Virani S, Bellile E, Bradford CR, Carey TE, Chepeha DB, Colacino JA, Helman JI, McHugh JB, Peterson LA, Sartor MA, Taylor JM, Walline HM, Wolf GT, Rozek LS. NDN and CD1A are novel prognostic methylation markers in patients with head and neck squamous carcinomas. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:825. [PMID: 26518708 PMCID: PMC4628358 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HPV-associated HNSCCs have a distinct etiologic mechanism and better prognosis than those with non-HPV associated HNSCCs. However, even within the each group, there is heterogeneity in survival time. Here, we test the hypothesis that specific candidate gene methylation markers (CCNA1, NDN, CD1A, DCC, p16, GADD45A) are associated with tumor recurrence and survival, in a well-characterized, prospective, cohort of 346 HNSCC patients. METHODS Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate survival time distributions. Multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards models were used to test associations between each methylation marker and OST/RPFT after adjusting for known or identified prognostic factors. Stratified Cox models included an interaction term between HPV and methylation marker to test for differences in the associations of the biomarker with OST or RPFT across HPV status. RESULTS Methylation markers were differentially associated with patient characteristics. DNA hypermethylation of NDN and CD1A was found to be significantly associated with overall survival time (OST) in all HNSCC patients (NDN hazard ratio (HR): 2.35, 95% CI: 1.40-3.94; CD1A HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.01-1.71). Stratification by HPV status revealed hypermethylation of CD1A was associated with better OST and recurrence/persistence-free time (RPFT) (OST HR: 3.34, 95% CI: 1.88-5.93; RPFT HR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.21-3.49), while hypomethylation of CCNA1 was associated with increased RPFT in HPV (+) patients only (HR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.13-0.74). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to describe novel epigenetic alterations associated with survival in an unselected, prospectively collected, consecutive cohort of patients with HNSCC. DNA hypermethylation of NDN and CD1A was found to be significantly associated with increased overall survival time in all HNSCC patients. However, stratification by the important prognostic factor of HPV status revealed the immune marker, CD1A, and the cell cycle regulator, CCNA1 to be associated with prognosis in HPV (+) patients, specifically. Here, we identified novel methylation markers and specific, epigenetic molecular differences associated with HPV status, which warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Virani
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Emily Bellile
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Carol R Bradford
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Thomas E Carey
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Douglas B Chepeha
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Joseph I Helman
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan Dental School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Jonathan B McHugh
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Lisa A Peterson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Maureen A Sartor
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Jeremy Mg Taylor
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Heather M Walline
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Greg T Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Laura S Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- 1415 Washington Heights, Environmental Health Sciences 6630 SPH, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA.
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2758
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Anisuzzaman ASM, Haque A, Rahman MA, Wang D, Fuchs JR, Hurwitz S, Liu Y, Sica G, Khuri FR, Chen ZG, Shin DM, Amin ARMR. Preclinical In Vitro, In Vivo, and Pharmacokinetic Evaluations of FLLL12 for the Prevention and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancers. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 9:63-73. [PMID: 26511491 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite its high promise for cancer prevention and therapy, the potential utility of curcumin in cancer is compromised by its low bioavailability and weak potency. The purpose of the current study was to assess the in vitro and in vivo efficacy and pharmacokinetic parameters of the potent curcumin analogue FLLL12 in SCCHN and identify the mechanisms of its antitumor effect. IC50 values against a panel of one premalignant and eight malignant head and neck cancer cell lines as well as apoptosis assay results suggested that FLLL12 is 10- to 24-fold more potent than natural curcumin depending on the cell line and induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. In vivo efficacy (xenograft) and pharmacokinetic studies also suggested that FLLL12 is significantly more potent and has more favorable pharmacokinetic properties than curcumin. FLLL12 strongly inhibited the expression of p-EGFR, EGFR, p-AKT, AKT, Bcl-2, and Bid and increased the expression of Bim. Overexpression of constitutively active AKT or Bcl-2 or ablation of Bim or Bid significantly inhibited FLLL12-induced apoptosis. Further mechanistic studies revealed that FLLL12 regulated EGFR and AKT at transcriptional levels, whereas Bcl-2 was regulated at the translational level. Finally, FLLL12 strongly inhibited the AKT downstream targets mTOR and FOXO1a and 3a. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that FLLL12 is a potent curcumin analogue with more favorable pharmacokinetic properties that induces apoptosis of head and neck cancer cell lines by inhibition of survival proteins including EGFR, AKT, and Bcl-2 and increasing of the proapoptotic protein Bim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Syed Md Anisuzzaman
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Abedul Haque
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mohammad Aminur Rahman
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James R Fuchs
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Selwyn Hurwitz
- Department of Pediatrics and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Shared Resource at Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gabriel Sica
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Fadlo R Khuri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhuo Georgia Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - A R M Ruhul Amin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
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2759
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Lalani AI, Luo C, Han Y, Xie P. TRAF3: a novel tumor suppressor gene in macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2:e1009. [PMID: 26661944 DOI: 10.14800/macrophage.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), a member of the TRAF family of cytoplasmic adaptor proteins with E3 ligase activity, is ubiquitously expressed in various cell types of the immune system. It is shared for signaling by a variety of adaptive and innate immune receptors as well as cytokine receptors. Previous studies examining conditional TRAF3-deficient mouse models that have the Traf3 gene specifically deleted in B lymphocytes or T lymphocytes have revealed the diverse and critical in vivo functions of TRAF3 in adaptive immunity. Although in vitro evidence points to a pivotal and indispensable role for TRAF3 in type I interferon production induced by pattern recognition receptors in macrophages and dendritic cells, the in vivo functions of TRAF3 in the innate immune system had long remained unclear. Three laboratories have recently addressed this gap in knowledge by investigating myeloid cell-specific TRAF3-deficient (genotype: TRAF3flox/floxLysM+/Cre) mice. The new evidence together demonstrates that specific ablation of TRAF3 in myeloid cells leads to inflammatory diseases, altered progression of diabetes, and spontaneous development of different types of tumors and infections in mice. These new findings indicate that TRAF3 acts as an anti-inflammatory factor and is required for optimal innate immunity in myeloid cells. Strikingly, the new evidence also identifies TRAF3 as a novel tumor suppressor gene in macrophages and other myeloid cells. In this review, we discuss and summarize the new findings and current knowledge about the multi-faceted regulatory roles and complex signaling mechanisms of myeloid cell TRAF3 in inflammation, innate immunity, and tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almin I Lalani
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA ; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Chang Luo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Yeming Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA ; Member, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey
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2760
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Cabanski CR, White NM, Dang HX, Silva-Fisher JM, Rauck CE, Cicka D, Maher CA. Pan-cancer transcriptome analysis reveals long noncoding RNAs with conserved function. RNA Biol 2015; 12:628-42. [PMID: 25864709 PMCID: PMC4615893 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1038012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of gene-centric studies have highlighted the emerging significance of lncRNAs in cancer. However, these studies primarily focus on a single cancer type. Therefore, we conducted a pan-cancer analysis of lncRNAs comparing tumor and matched normal expression levels using RNA-Seq data from ∼ 3,000 patients in 8 solid tumor types. While the majority of differentially expressed lncRNAs display tissue-specific expression we discovered 229 lncRNAs with outlier or differential expression across multiple cancers, which we refer to as 'onco-lncRNAs'. Due to their consistent altered expression, we hypothesize that these onco-lncRNAs may have conserved oncogenic and tumor suppressive functions across cancers. To address this, we associated the onco-lncRNAs in biological processes based on their co-expressed protein coding genes. To validate our predictions, we experimentally confirmed cell growth dependence of 2 novel oncogenic lncRNAs, onco-lncRNA-3 and onco-lncRNA-12, and a previously identified lncRNA CCAT1. Overall, we discovered lncRNAs that may have broad oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles that could significantly advance our understanding of cancer lncRNA biology.
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2761
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Birkeland AC, Ludwig ML, Meraj TS, Brenner JC, Prince ME. The Tip of the Iceberg: Clinical Implications of Genomic Sequencing Projects in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:2094-109. [PMID: 26506389 PMCID: PMC4695879 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7040879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genomic sequencing studies have provided valuable insight into genetic aberrations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Despite these great advances, certain hurdles exist in translating genomic findings to clinical care. Further correlation of genetic findings to clinical outcomes, additional analyses of subgroups of head and neck cancers and follow-up investigation into genetic heterogeneity are needed. While the development of targeted therapy trials is of key importance, numerous challenges exist in establishing and optimizing such programs. This review discusses potential upcoming steps for further genetic evaluation of head and neck cancers and implementation of genetic findings into precision medicine trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Megan L Ludwig
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Taha S Meraj
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - J Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Mark E Prince
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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2762
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2763
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LU WUHAO, FENG LONG, LI PING, WANG YUANYUAN, DU YUWEN, CHEN XIAONAN, WU SHUJUN, ZHAO GUOQIANG, LOU WEIHUA. Effects of HPV-16 infection on hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and FaDu cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:99-106. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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2764
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Porta-Pardo E, Garcia-Alonso L, Hrabe T, Dopazo J, Godzik A. A Pan-Cancer Catalogue of Cancer Driver Protein Interaction Interfaces. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004518. [PMID: 26485003 PMCID: PMC4616621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their importance in maintaining the integrity of all cellular pathways, the role of mutations on protein-protein interaction (PPI) interfaces as cancer drivers has not been systematically studied. Here we analyzed the mutation patterns of the PPI interfaces from 10,028 proteins in a pan-cancer cohort of 5,989 tumors from 23 projects of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to find interfaces enriched in somatic missense mutations. To that end we use e-Driver, an algorithm to analyze the mutation distribution of specific protein functional regions. We identified 103 PPI interfaces enriched in somatic cancer mutations. 32 of these interfaces are found in proteins coded by known cancer driver genes. The remaining 71 interfaces are found in proteins that have not been previously identified as cancer drivers even that, in most cases, there is an extensive literature suggesting they play an important role in cancer. Finally, we integrate these findings with clinical information to show how tumors apparently driven by the same gene have different behaviors, including patient outcomes, depending on which specific interfaces are mutated. Until now, most efforts in cancer genomics have focused on identifying genes and pathways driving tumor development. Although this has been unquestionably a success, as evidenced by the fact that we now have an extensive catalogue of cancer driver genes and pathways, there is still a poor understanding of why patients with the same affected driver genes may have different disease outcomes or drug responses. This is precisely the aim of this work-to show how by considering proteins as multifunctional factories instead of monolithic black boxes, it is possible to identify novel cancer driver genes and propose molecular hypotheses to explain such heterogeneity. To that end we have mapped the mutation profiles of 5,989 cancer patients from TCGA to more than 10,000 protein structures, leading us to identify 103 protein interaction interfaces enriched in somatic mutations. Finally, we have integrated clinical annotations as well as proteomics data to show how tumors apparently driven by the same gene can display different behaviors, including patient outcomes, depending on which specific interfaces are mutated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Porta-Pardo
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Luz Garcia-Alonso
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Hrabe
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Joaquin Dopazo
- Computational Genomics Department, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
- Functional Genomics Node, (INB) at CIPF, Valencia, Spain
- Bioinformatics of Rare Diseases (BIER), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail: (JD); (AG)
| | - Adam Godzik
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JD); (AG)
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2765
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Abstract
In spite of a rapidly expanding understanding of head and neck tumor biology and optimization of radiation, chemotherapy, and surgical treatment modalities, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Although our biologic understanding of these tumors had largely been limited to pathways driving proliferation, survival, and differentiation, the identification of HPV as a major driver of HNSCC and genomic sequencing analyses has dramatically influenced our understanding of tumor biology and approach to therapy. Here, we summarize molecular aspects of HNSCC biology and identify promising areas for potential diagnostic and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharth V Puram
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St., Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James W Rocco
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital, Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 320 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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2766
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Rajendra S, Wang B, Merrett N, Sharma P, Humphris J, Lee HC, Wu J. Genomic analysis of HPV-positive versus HPV-negative oesophageal adenocarcinoma identifies a differential mutational landscape. J Med Genet 2015; 53:227-31. [PMID: 26470716 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) has been implicated in a subset of patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). We therefore hypothesised that HPV associated OAC may have distinct genomic aberrations compared with viral negative oesophageal cancer. METHODS Whole exome sequencing was performed to explore the mutational landscape and potential molecular signature of HPV-positive versus HPV-negative OAC. Four hr-HPV-positive and 8 HPV-negative treatment-naive fresh-frozen OAC tissue specimens and matched normal tissue were analysed to identify somatic genomic mutations. Data were subjected to cancer driver gene identification and pathway analysis. RESULTS The HPV-positive cohort harboured approximately 50% less non-silent somatic mutations than the virus-negative patients with oesophageal cancer (1.31 mutations/Mb vs 2.56 mutations/Mb, p=0.048). TP53 aberrations were absent in the HPV-positive OAC group whereas 50% of the HPV-negative patients with OAC exhibited TP53 mutations. HPV-negative cancers were enriched with non-silent mutations in cancer driver genes, but not HPV-positive tumours. Enriched A>C transversions at adenine-adenine (AA) dinucleotide was observed in 5/7 Siewert class I OAC samples but none (0/5) in Siewert class II tumours (p=0.027). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate distinct genomic differences between HPV-positive and HPV-negative OACs indicating different biological mechanisms of tumour formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugarajah Rajendra
- Gastro-Intestinal Viral Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bin Wang
- Gastro-Intestinal Viral Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neil Merrett
- Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Discipline of Surgery, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Prateek Sharma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeremy Humphris
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hong Ching Lee
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre & Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre & Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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2767
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Alekseyenko AA, Walsh EM, Wang X, Grayson AR, Hsi PT, Kharchenko PV, Kuroda MI, French CA. The oncogenic BRD4-NUT chromatin regulator drives aberrant transcription within large topological domains. Genes Dev 2015. [PMID: 26220994 PMCID: PMC4526735 DOI: 10.1101/gad.267583.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
NUT midline carcinoma (NMC), a subtype of squamous cell cancer, is one of the most aggressive human solid malignancies known. NMC is driven by the creation of a translocation oncoprotein, BRD4-NUT, which blocks differentiation and drives growth of NMC cells. BRD4-NUT forms distinctive nuclear foci in patient tumors, which we found correlate with ∼100 unprecedented, hyperacetylated expanses of chromatin that reach up to 2 Mb in size. These "megadomains" appear to be the result of aberrant, feed-forward loops of acetylation and binding of acetylated histones that drive transcription of underlying DNA in NMC patient cells and naïve cells induced to express BRD4-NUT. Megadomain locations are typically cell lineage-specific; however, the cMYC and TP63 regions are targeted in all NMCs tested and play functional roles in tumor growth. Megadomains appear to originate from select pre-existing enhancers that progressively broaden but are ultimately delimited by topologically associating domain (TAD) boundaries. Therefore, our findings establish a basis for understanding the powerful role played by large-scale chromatin organization in normal and aberrant lineage-specific gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artyom A Alekseyenko
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Erica M Walsh
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Adlai R Grayson
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Peter T Hsi
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Peter V Kharchenko
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Hematology/Oncology Program, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Mitzi I Kuroda
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Christopher A French
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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2768
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Bruce JP, Yip K, Bratman SV, Ito E, Liu FF. Nasopharyngeal Cancer: Molecular Landscape. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:3346-55. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.60.7846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a unique epithelial malignancy arising from the superior aspect of the pharyngeal mucosal space, associated with latent Epstein-Barr virus infection in most cases. The capacity to characterize cancer genomes in unprecedented detail is now providing insights into the genesis and molecular underpinnings of this disease. Herein, we provide an overview of the molecular aberrations that likely drive nasopharyngeal tumor development and progression. The contributions of major Epstein-Barr virus–encoded factors, including proteins, small RNAs, and microRNAs, along with their interactions with pathways regulating cell proliferation and survival are highlighted. We review recent analyses that clearly define the role of genetic and epigenetic variations affecting the human genome in NPC. These findings point to the impact of DNA methylation and histone modifications on gene expression programs that promote this malignancy. The molecular interactions that allow NPC cells to evade immune recognition and elimination, which is crucial for the survival of cells expressing potentially immunogenic viral proteins, are also described. Finally, the potential utility of detecting host and viral factors for the diagnosis and prognosis of NPC is discussed. Altogether, the studies summarized herein have greatly expanded our knowledge of the molecular biology of NPC, yet much remains to be uncovered. Emerging techniques for using and analyzing well-annotated biospecimens from patients with NPC will ultimately lead to a greater level of understanding, and enable improvements in precision therapies and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff P. Bruce
- Jeff P. Bruce, Kenneth Yip, Scott V. Bratman, Emma Ito, and Fei-Fei Liu, University Health Network; and Scott V. Bratman, Emma Ito, and Fei-Fei Liu, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth Yip
- Jeff P. Bruce, Kenneth Yip, Scott V. Bratman, Emma Ito, and Fei-Fei Liu, University Health Network; and Scott V. Bratman, Emma Ito, and Fei-Fei Liu, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott V. Bratman
- Jeff P. Bruce, Kenneth Yip, Scott V. Bratman, Emma Ito, and Fei-Fei Liu, University Health Network; and Scott V. Bratman, Emma Ito, and Fei-Fei Liu, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Ito
- Jeff P. Bruce, Kenneth Yip, Scott V. Bratman, Emma Ito, and Fei-Fei Liu, University Health Network; and Scott V. Bratman, Emma Ito, and Fei-Fei Liu, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Jeff P. Bruce, Kenneth Yip, Scott V. Bratman, Emma Ito, and Fei-Fei Liu, University Health Network; and Scott V. Bratman, Emma Ito, and Fei-Fei Liu, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2769
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Chinn SB, Myers JN. Oral Cavity Carcinoma: Current Management, Controversies, and Future Directions. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:3269-76. [PMID: 26351335 PMCID: PMC5320919 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.61.2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity carcinoma (OCC) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with head and neck cancer. Although the incidence has decreased over the last decade, outcomes remain stagnant with only a 5% improvement in overall survival in the last 20 years. Although surgical resection remains the primary treatment modality, several areas of controversy exist with regard to work-up, management of the primary and neck tumors, and adjuvant therapy. As surgical techniques evolve, so has the delivery of radiotherapy and systemic treatment, which have helped to improve the outcomes for patients with advanced disease. Recently, the addition of cetuximab has shown promise as a way to improve outcomes while minimizing toxicity, and this remains an active area of study in the adjuvant setting. Advances in microvascular free-flap reconstruction have extended the limits of resection and enabled enhanced restoration of function and cosmesis. While these advances have led to limited survival benefit, evaluation of alternative modalities has gained interest on the basis of success in other head and neck subsites. Organ preservation with definitive chemoradiotherapy, though proven in the larynx and pharynx, remains controversial in OCC. Likewise, although the association of human papillomavirus is well established in oropharyngeal carcinoma, it has not been proven in the pathogenesis or survival of OCC. Future study of the molecular biology and pathogenesis of OCC should offer additional insight into screening, treatment selection, and novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Chinn
- All authors: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- All authors: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
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2770
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Abstract
The immune system plays a key role in the development, establishment, and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A greater understanding of the dysregulation and evasion of the immune system in the evolution and progression of HNSCC provides the basis for improved therapies and outcomes for patients. HNSCC cells evade the host immune system through manipulation of their own immunogenicity, production of immunosuppressive mediators, and promotion of immunomodulatory cell types. Through the tumor's influence on the microenvironment, the immune system can be exploited to promote metastasis, angiogenesis, and growth. This article provides a brief overview of key components of the immune infiltrating cells in the tumor microenvironment, reviewing immunological principles related to head and neck cancer, including the concept of cancer immunosurveillance and immune escape. Current immunotherapeutic strategies and emerging results from ongoing clinical trials are presented.
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2771
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Kaddi CD, Wang MD. Models for Predicting Stage in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Proteomic and Transcriptomic Data. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2015; 21:246-253. [PMID: 26462248 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2015.2489158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Late diagnosis is one of the reasons that head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients experience relative five-year survival rates ranging from 40%-66%. The molecular-level differences between early and advanced stage HNSCC may provide insight into therapeutic targets and strategies. Previous bioinformatics studies have shown mixed or limited results in identifying gene and protein markers and in developing models for discriminating between early and advanced stage HNSCC. Thus, we have investigated models for HNSCC stage prediction using RNAseq and reverse phase protein array data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and The Cancer Proteome Atlas. We systematically assessed individual and ensemble binary classifiers, using filter and wrapper feature selection methods, to develop several well-performing models. In particular, integrated models harnessing both data types consistently resulted in better performance. This study identifies informative protein and gene feature sets which may increase understanding of HNSCC progression.
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2772
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Ehmer U, Sage J. Control of Proliferation and Cancer Growth by the Hippo Signaling Pathway. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 14:127-40. [PMID: 26432795 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The control of cell division is essential for normal development and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Abnormal cell proliferation is associated with multiple pathological states, including cancer. Although the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway was initially thought to control organ size and growth, increasing evidence indicates that this pathway also plays a major role in the control of proliferation independent of organ size control. In particular, accumulating evidence indicates that the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway functionally interacts with multiple other cellular pathways and serves as a central node in the regulation of cell division, especially in cancer cells. Here, recent observations are highlighted that connect Hippo/YAP signaling to transcription, the basic cell-cycle machinery, and the control of cell division. Furthermore, the oncogenic and tumor-suppressive attributes of YAP/TAZ are reviewed, which emphasizes the relevance of the Hippo pathway in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Ehmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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2773
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Abstract
It has been almost 15 years since the first microarray-based studies creating multigene biomarkers to subtype and predict survival of cancer patients. This Perspective looks at why only a handful of genomic biomarkers have reached clinical application and what advances are needed over the next 15 years to grow this number. I discuss challenges in creating biomarkers and reproducing them at the genomic and computational levels, including the problem of spatio-genomic heterogeneity in an individual cancer. I then outline the challenges in translating newly discovered genome-wide or regional events, like trinucleotide mutation signatures, kataegis, and chromothripsis, into biomarkers, as well as the importance of incorporating prior biological knowledge. Lastly, I outline the practical problems of pharmaco-economics and adoption: Are new biomarkers viewed as economically rational by potential funders? And if they are, how can their results be communicated effectively to patients and their clinicians? Genomic-based diagnostics have immense potential for transforming the management of cancer. The next 15 years will see a surge of research into the topics here that, when combined with a stream of new targeted therapies being developed, will personalize the cancer clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Boutros
- Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto M5G 0A3, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
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2774
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Yard B, Chie EK, Adams DJ, Peacock C, Abazeed ME. Radiotherapy in the Era of Precision Medicine. Semin Radiat Oncol 2015; 25:227-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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2775
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Abstract
The development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex process, and HCC arises from the accumulation of multiple genetic alterations leading to changes in the genomic landscape. Current advances in genomic technologies have revolutionized the search for genetic alterations in cancer genomes. Recent studies in which all coding exons in HCC were sequenced have shed new light on the genomic landscape of this malignant disease. Catalogues of these somatic mutations and systematic analysis of catalogued mutations will lead us to uncover candidate HCC driver genes, although further functional validation is needed to determine whether these genes play a causal role in the development of HCC. This review provides an overview of previously known oncogenes and new oncogene candidates in HCC that were uncovered from recent exome or whole-genome sequencing studies. This knowledge provides direction for future personalized treatment approaches for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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2776
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Francis DM, Huang S, Armstrong EA, Werner LR, Hullett C, Li C, Morris ZS, Swick AD, Kragh M, Lantto J, Kimple RJ, Harari PM. Pan-HER Inhibitor Augments Radiation Response in Human Lung and Head and Neck Cancer Models. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:633-43. [PMID: 26420857 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aberrant regulation of the EGF receptor family (EGFR, HER2, HER3, HER4) contributes to tumorigenesis and metastasis in epithelial cancers. Pan-HER represents a novel molecular targeted therapeutic composed of a mixture of six monoclonal antibodies against EGFR, HER2, and HER3. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In the current study, we examine the capacity of Pan-HER to augment radiation response across a series of human lung and head and neck cancers, including EGFR inhibitor-resistant cell lines and xenografts. RESULTS Pan-HER demonstrates superior antiproliferative and radiosensitizing impact when compared with cetuximab. The mechanisms underlying these effects appear to involve attenuation of DNA damage repair, enhancement of programmed cell death, cell-cycle redistribution, and induction of cellular senescence. Combined treatment of Pan-HER with single or fractionated radiation in human tumor xenografts reveals a potent antitumor and regrowth delay impact compared with Pan-HER or radiation treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight the capacity of Pan-HER to augment radiation response in lung and head and neck cancer models and support investigation of Pan-HER combined with radiation as a promising clinical therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Francis
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Shyhmin Huang
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Eric A Armstrong
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lauryn R Werner
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Craig Hullett
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Chunrong Li
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Zachary S Morris
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Adam D Swick
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | | | - Randall J Kimple
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Paul M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
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2777
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Vettore AL, Ramnarayanan K, Poore G, Lim K, Ong CK, Huang KK, Leong HS, Chong FT, Lim TKH, Lim WK, Cutcutache I, Mcpherson JR, Suzuki Y, Zhang S, Skanthakumar T, Wang W, Tan DSW, Cho BC, Teh BT, Rozen S, Tan P, Iyer NG. Mutational landscapes of tongue carcinoma reveal recurrent mutations in genes of therapeutic and prognostic relevance. Genome Med 2015; 7:98. [PMID: 26395002 PMCID: PMC4580363 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-015-0219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carcinoma of the oral tongue (OTSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity, characterized by frequent recurrence and poor survival. The last three decades has witnessed a change in the OTSCC epidemiological profile, with increasing incidence in younger patients, females and never-smokers. Here, we sought to characterize the OTSCC genomic landscape and to determine factors that may delineate the genetic basis of this disease, inform prognosis and identify targets for therapeutic intervention. Methods Seventy-eight cases were subjected to whole-exome (n = 18) and targeted deep sequencing (n = 60). Results While the most common mutation was in TP53, the OTSCC genetic landscape differed from previously described cohorts of patients with head and neck tumors: OTSCCs demonstrated frequent mutations in DST and RNF213, while alterations in CDKN2A and NOTCH1 were significantly less frequent. Despite a lack of previously reported NOTCH1 mutations, integrated analysis showed enrichments of alterations affecting Notch signaling in OTSCC. Importantly, these Notch pathway alterations were prognostic on multivariate analyses. A high proportion of OTSCCs also presented with alterations in drug targetable and chromatin remodeling genes. Patients harboring mutations in actionable pathways were more likely to succumb from recurrent disease compared with those who did not, suggesting that the former should be considered for treatment with targeted compounds in future trials. Conclusions Our study defines the Asian OTSCC mutational landscape, highlighting the key role of Notch signaling in oral tongue tumorigenesis. We also observed somatic mutations in multiple therapeutically relevant genes, which may represent candidate drug targets in this highly lethal tumor type. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-015-0219-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Luiz Vettore
- Cancer Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singaore. .,Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil.
| | - Kalpana Ramnarayanan
- Cancer Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singaore.
| | - Gregory Poore
- Cancer Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singaore.
| | - Kevin Lim
- Cancer Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singaore.
| | - Choon Kiat Ong
- Cancer Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singaore. .,Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil.
| | - Kie Kyon Huang
- Cancer Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singaore.
| | - Hui Sun Leong
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
| | - Fui Teen Chong
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
| | - Tony Kiat-Hon Lim
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.
| | - Weng Khong Lim
- Cancer Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singaore. .,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
| | - Ioana Cutcutache
- Cancer Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singaore.
| | - John R Mcpherson
- Cancer Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singaore.
| | - Yuka Suzuki
- Cancer Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singaore.
| | - Shenli Zhang
- Cancer Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singaore.
| | - Thakshayeni Skanthakumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
| | - Weining Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
| | - Daniel S W Tan
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Cancer Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singaore. .,Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei Unversity College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea.
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Cancer Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singaore. .,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore. .,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Steve Rozen
- Cancer Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singaore. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Patrick Tan
- Cancer Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singaore. .,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Genome #02-01, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.
| | - N Gopalakrishna Iyer
- Cancer Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singaore. .,Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore. .,Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
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2778
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Next-Generation Sequencing Approaches in Cancer: Where Have They Brought Us and Where Will They Take Us? Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1925-58. [PMID: 26404381 PMCID: PMC4586802 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7030869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and data have revolutionized cancer research and are increasingly being deployed to guide clinicians in treatment decision-making. NGS technologies have allowed us to take an “omics” approach to cancer in order to reveal genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic landscapes of individual malignancies. Integrative multi-platform analyses are increasingly used in large-scale projects that aim to fully characterize individual tumours as well as general cancer types and subtypes. In this review, we examine how NGS technologies in particular have contributed to “omics” approaches in cancer research, allowing for large-scale integrative analyses that consider hundreds of tumour samples. These types of studies have provided us with an unprecedented wealth of information, providing the background knowledge needed to make small-scale (including “N of 1”) studies informative and relevant. We also take a look at emerging opportunities provided by NGS and state-of-the-art third-generation sequencing technologies, particularly in the context of translational research. Cancer research and care are currently poised to experience significant progress catalyzed by accessible sequencing technologies that will benefit both clinical- and research-based efforts.
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2779
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Oguejiofor K, Hall J, Slater C, Betts G, Hall G, Slevin N, Dovedi S, Stern PL, West CML. Stromal infiltration of CD8 T cells is associated with improved clinical outcome in HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:886-93. [PMID: 26313665 PMCID: PMC4578081 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) have a better prognosis than those with HPV-negative tumours. There is interest in de-escalating their treatment but strategies are needed for risk stratification to identify subsets with a poor prognosis. This study investigated tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in relation to HPV tumour status and patient survival. METHODS Biopsies from 218 patients diagnosed with OPSCC between 2002 and 2011, who underwent chemo/radiotherapy were analysed for HPV by PCR, in-situ hybridisation and p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC). One hundred and thirty-nine samples with concordant HPV detection were analysed for CD3, CD4, CD8 and FoxP3 expression in tumour and stromal regions using multiplexIHC and multispectral image analysis. Labelling of smooth muscle actin (SMA) identified activated stroma. RESULTS Human papillomavirus-positive compared with HPV-negative OPSCC had higher infiltration in both tumour and stromal areas of CD4 and CD8 T cells but not FoxP3 T regulatory cells. Only CD3+CD8+ stromal and not tumour area infiltration was associated with increased survival (P=0.02). There was significantly higher SMA expression in HPV-positive compared with -negative tumours, which did not correlate with survival. CONCLUSIONS Studies of TILs for risk stratification in OPSCC should assess stromal infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Oguejiofor
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Wilmslow Road, UK
| | - J Hall
- Lymphoma Translational Research Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
| | - C Slater
- Lymphoma Translational Research Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Medical School, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
| | - G Betts
- Central Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, UK
| | - G Hall
- Central Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, UK
| | - N Slevin
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Wilmslow Road, UK
| | - S Dovedi
- Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, the University of Manchester; Wilmslow Road, Manchester
| | - P L Stern
- Center for Women's Cancer, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Paterson Building, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - C M L West
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Wilmslow Road, UK
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2780
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Conti MA, Saleh AD, Brinster LR, Cheng H, Chen Z, Cornelius S, Liu C, Ma X, Van Waes C, Adelstein RS. Conditional deletion of nonmuscle myosin II-A in mouse tongue epithelium results in squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14068. [PMID: 26369831 PMCID: PMC4572924 DOI: 10.1038/srep14068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the contribution of nonmuscle myosin II-A (NM II-A) to early cardiac development we crossed Myh9 floxed mice and Nkx2.5 cre-recombinase mice. Nkx2.5 is expressed in the early heart (E7.5) and later in the tongue epithelium. Mice homozygous for deletion of NM II-A (ANkx/ANkx) are born at the expected ratio with normal hearts, but consistently develop an invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue (32/32 ANkx/ANkx) as early as E17.5. To assess reproducibility a second, independent line of Myh9 floxed mice derived from a different embryonic stem cell clone was tested. This second line also develops SCC indistinguishable from the first (15/15). In ANkx/ANkx mouse tongue epithelium, genetic deletion of NM II-A does not affect stabilization of TP53, unlike a previous report for SCC. We attribute the consistent, early formation of SCC with high penetrance to the role of NM II in maintaining mitotic stability during karyokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Anne Conti
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, NHLBI, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Anthony D Saleh
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, NIDCD, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren R Brinster
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-5520, USA
| | - Hui Cheng
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, NIDCD, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, NIDCD, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xuefei Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, NHLBI, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, NIDCD, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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2781
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Kang J, Lee HJ, Jun SY, Park ES, Maeng LS. Cancer-Testis Antigen Expression in Serous Endometrial Cancer with Loss of X Chromosome Inactivation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137476. [PMID: 26360551 PMCID: PMC4567132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Many CTAs are located on the X chromosome and are epigenetically regulated. Loss of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is observed in breast and ovarian cancers and is thought to be related to the overexpression of CTAs. We investigated the relation between expression of CTAs and loss of XCI in endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods We used data generated by The Cancer Genome Atlas Genome Data Analysis Centers and data for Xist knockout mice available at the Gene Expression Omnibus. Results The status of XCI was estimated by methylation status, and deletion or gain of the X chromosome. The endometrial cancers were classified into the following three groups: preserved inactivated X chromosome (Xi) (n = 281), partial reactivation of Xi (n = 52), and two copies of active X group (n = 38). Loss of XCI was more common in serous adenocarcinoma. Expression of CTAs increased in endometrial cancer with loss of XCI, which was accompanied by global hypomethylation. Expression of CTAs did not increase in Xist knockout mice. Conclusions Loss of XCI is common in serous adenocarcinoma. Global hypomethylation, and not loss of XCI, is the main mechanism of overexpression of CTAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kang
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Inchun, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Hee Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Jun
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Inchun, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Su Park
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Inchun, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee-so Maeng
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Inchun, Republic of Korea
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2782
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Pullos AN, Castilho RM, Squarize CH. HPV Infection of the Head and Neck Region and Its Stem Cells. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1532-43. [PMID: 26353884 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515605456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) is an etiologic agent associated with the development of head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC)-in particular, oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The HPV-positive HNSCC is characterized by genetic alterations, clinical progression, and therapeutic response, which are distinct from HPV-negative head and neck cancers, suggesting that virus-associated tumors constitute a unique entity among head and neck cancers. Malignant stem cells, or cancer stem cells, are a subpopulation of tumor cells that self-renew, initiate new tumors upon transplantation, and are resistant to therapy, and their discovery has revealed novel effects of oncovirus infection in cancer. In this review, we provide a virus-centric view and novel insights into HPV-positive head and neck pathogenesis. We discuss the influence of cancer stem cells, HPV oncoproteins, altered molecular pathways, and mutations in cancer initiation and cancer progression. We compiled a catalogue of the mutations associated with HPV-positive HNSCC, which may be a useful resource for genomic-based studies aiming to develop personalized therapies. We also explain recent changes in mass vaccination campaigns against HPV and the potential long-term impact of vaccinations on the prevention and treatment of HPV-positive head and neck cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Pullos
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R M Castilho
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - C H Squarize
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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2783
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Targeted Therapy in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Implications of HPV for Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 3:89-117. [PMID: 27182480 PMCID: PMC4837939 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-015-0008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oropharyngeal cancers caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV) have a different epidemiology, prognosis, genetic mutational landscape, response to treatment, and outcome when compared to HPV-negative cancers. In this review, a summary of our current understanding of HPV in head and neck cancer and the important advances that have shown HPV to be an etiological agent are discussed. HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors are compared discussing clinicopathological factors, prognosis, outcome following treatment, and the molecular and genetic differences. Currently, the standard of care for oropharyngeal cancer is both surgery and post-operative radiotherapy with or without cisplatin or concurrent chemo-radiotherapy. The latter is used more often, especially in cancers of tonsil and base of tongue. However, there is increased interest in trying to de-intensify treatment and in the development of new treatments to target the underlying different molecular pathways of HPV-positive cancers. The current clinical trials involving surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy are discussed. The new targeted treatments are also summarized. Although there is currently is no evidence from prospective studies to support a change in the treatment algorithm, the treatment options for patients with HPV-positive disease are likely to change in the future.
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2784
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Rischin
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert L Ferris
- University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Quynh-Thu Le
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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2785
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Hayes DN, Van Waes C, Seiwert TY. Genetic Landscape of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Head and Neck Cancer and Comparison to Tobacco-Related Tumors. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:3227-34. [PMID: 26351353 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.62.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. It is often amenable to curative intent therapy when localized to the head and neck region, but it carries a poor prognosis when it is recurrent or metastatic. Therefore, initial treatment decisions are critical to improve patient survival. However, multimodality therapy used with curative intent is toxic. The balance between offering intensive versus tolerable and function-preserving therapy has been thrown into sharp relief with the recently described epidemic of human papillomavirus-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas characterized by improved clinical outcomes compared with smoking-associated head and neck tumors. Model systems and clinical trials have been slow to address the clinical questions that face the field to date. With this as a background, a host of translational studies have recently reported the somatic alterations in head and neck cancer and have highlighted the distinct genetic and biologic differences between viral and tobacco-associated tumors. This review seeks to summarize the main findings of studies, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, for the clinician scientist, with a goal of leveraging this new knowledge toward the betterment of patients with head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neil Hayes
- D. Neil Hayes, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Carter Van Waes, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD; and Tanguy Y. Seiwert, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
| | - Carter Van Waes
- D. Neil Hayes, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Carter Van Waes, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD; and Tanguy Y. Seiwert, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Tanguy Y Seiwert
- D. Neil Hayes, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Carter Van Waes, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD; and Tanguy Y. Seiwert, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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2786
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Rivera C. Essentials of oral cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:11884-11894. [PMID: 26617944 PMCID: PMC4637760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the 10 most common cancers in the world, with a delayed clinical detection, poor prognosis, without specific biomarkers for the disease and expensive therapeutic alternatives. This review aims to present the fundamental aspects of this cancer, focused on squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OSCC), moving from its definition and epidemiological aspects, addressing the oral carcinogenesis, oral potentially malignant disorders, epithelial precursor lesions and experimental methods for its study, therapies and future challenges. Oral cancer is a preventable disease, risk factors and natural history is already being known, where biomedical sciences and dentistry in particular are likely to improve their poor clinical indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Rivera
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of Talca (UTALCA) TalcaMaule Region, Chile
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) PiracicabaSão Paulo, Brazil
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), National Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) CampinasSão Paulo, Brazil
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2787
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Bose P, Pleasance ED, Jones M, Shen Y, Ch’ng C, Reisle C, Schein JE, Mungall AJ, Moore R, Ma Y, Sheffield BS, Thomson T, Rasmussen S, Ng T, Yip S, Lee CW, Ho C, Laskin J, Marra MA, Jones SJ. Integrative genomic analysis of ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:e71-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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2788
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Wang HM, Cheng NM, Lee LY, Fang YHD, Chang JTC, Tsan DL, Ng SH, Liao CT, Yang LY, Yen TC. Heterogeneity of (18)F-FDG PET combined with expression of EGFR may improve the prognostic stratification of advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:731-8. [PMID: 26311121 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Ang's risk profile (based on p16, smoking and cancer stage) is a well-known prognostic factor in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Whether heterogeneity in (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomographic (PET) images and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression could provide additional information on clinical outcomes in advanced-stage OPSCC was investigated. Patients with stage III-IV OPSCC who completed primary therapy were eligible. Zone-size nonuniformity (ZSNU) extracted from pretreatment FDG PET scans was used as an index of image heterogeneity. EGFR and p16 expression were examined by immunohistochemistry. Disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) served as outcome measures. Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for survival analysis. A bootstrap resampling technique was applied to investigate the stability of outcomes. Finally, a recursive partitioning analysis (RPA)-based model was constructed. A total of 113 patients were included, of which 28 were p16-positive. Multivariate analysis identified the Ang's profile, EGFR and ZSNU as independent predictors of both DSS and OS. Using RPA, the three risk factors were used to devise a prognostic scoring system that successfully predicted DSS in both p16-positive and -negative cases. The c-statistic of the prognostic index for DSS was 0.81, a value which was significantly superior to both AJCC stage (0.60) and the Ang's risk profile (0.68). In patients showing an Ang's high-risk profile (N = 77), the use of our scoring system clearly identified three distinct prognostic subgroups. It was concluded that a novel index may improve the prognostic stratification of patients with advanced-stage OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Ming Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Ming Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33305, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30071, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Dean Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Joseph Tung-Chieh Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Din-Li Tsan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hang Ng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ta Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Yan Yang
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Biostatistics Unit, Clinical Trial Center, Taoyuan City, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chen Yen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33305, Taiwan
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2789
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Massarelli E, Ferrarotto R, Glisson BS. New Strategies in Human Papillomavirus–Related Oropharynx Cancer: Effecting Advances in Treatment for a Growing Epidemic. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:3821-8. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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2790
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The association of (18)F-FDG PET and glucose metabolism biomarkers GLUT1 and HK2 in p16 positive and negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Radiother Oncol 2015; 117:118-24. [PMID: 26328941 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between FDG-PET maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), p16, EGFR, GLUT1 and HK2 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical staining of p16, EGFR, GLUT1 and HK2 was performed on primary tumor tissue from 97 locally advanced HNSCC patients treated with definitive chemoradiation. SUVmax along with p16, EGFR, GLUT1 and HK2 expression were analyzed for associations including local control, locoregional control and disease free survival. RESULTS Pretreatment SUVmax in primary tumors did not differ when stratified by p16, EGFR or GLUT1 expression but SUVmax was significantly higher in HK2 expressing tumors (p=0.021) and in tumors with higher T-stage (p=0.022). GLUT1 expression was significantly higher in p16 negative (p<0.001) and EGFR positive tumors (p<0.01). HK2 expressing tumors were associated with EGFR positive tumors (p=0.022) but not with p16 or GLUT1 expression. EGFR positive, p16 negative and high GLUT1 expressing tumors were associated with worse local control and disease free survival on univariate analyses. After adjusting for patient and treatment characteristics p16 status was the only factor that predicted for outcome on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS High GLUT1 expression was associated with EGFR positive and p16 negative HNSCC tumors. GLUT1 maybe an important biomarker in HNSCC but its expression appears dependent on p16 status.
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2791
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Tinhofer I, Niehr F, Konschak R, Liebs S, Munz M, Stenzinger A, Weichert W, Keilholz U, Budach V. Next-generation sequencing: hype and hope for development of personalized radiation therapy? Radiat Oncol 2015; 10:183. [PMID: 26316159 PMCID: PMC4554356 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-015-0481-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in the field of cancer research has boosted worldwide efforts of genome-wide personalized oncology aiming at identifying predictive biomarkers and novel actionable targets. Despite considerable progress in understanding the molecular biology of distinct cancer entities by the use of this revolutionary technology and despite contemporaneous innovations in drug development, translation of NGS findings into improved concepts for cancer treatment remains a challenge. The aim of this article is to describe shortly the NGS platforms for DNA sequencing and in more detail key achievements and unresolved hurdles. A special focus will be given on potential clinical applications of this innovative technique in the field of radiation oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Tinhofer
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Translational Radiation Oncology Research Laboratory, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Franziska Niehr
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Translational Radiation Oncology Research Laboratory, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Konschak
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Translational Radiation Oncology Research Laboratory, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Liebs
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Munz
- Group for Computational Modelling in Medicine, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keilholz
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Budach
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Translational Radiation Oncology Research Laboratory, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
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2792
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Maxwell JH, Grandis JR, Ferris RL. HPV-Associated Head and Neck Cancer: Unique Features of Epidemiology and Clinical Management. Annu Rev Med 2015; 67:91-101. [PMID: 26332002 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-051914-021907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a recently identified causative agent for a subset of head and neck cancers, primarily in the oropharynx, and is largely responsible for the rising worldwide incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Patients with HPV-positive OPC have distinct risk factor profiles and generally have a better prognosis than patients with traditional, HPV-negative, head and neck cancer. Concurrent chemotherapy and radiation is a widely accepted primary treatment modality for many patients with HPV-positive OPC. However, recent advances in surgical modalities, including transoral laser and robotic surgery, have led to the reemergence of primary surgical treatment for HPV-positive patients. Clinical trials are under way to determine optimal treatment strategies for the growing subset of patients with HPV-positive OPC. Similarly, identifying those patients with HPV-positive cancer who are at risk for recurrence and poor survival is critical in order to tailor individual treatment regimens and avoid potential undertreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Maxwell
- Department of Otolaryngology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC 20007;
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143;
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Otolaryngology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC 20007; .,Cancer Immunology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232;
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2793
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Birkeland AC, Owen JH, Prince ME. Targeting Head and Neck Cancer Stem Cells: Current Advances and Future Challenges. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1516-23. [PMID: 26307039 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515601960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), or tumor-initiating cells, comprise a subset of tumor cells with demonstrated ability for tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. Targeting of CSCs remains an attractive yet elusive therapeutic option, with the goal of increasing specificity and effectiveness in tumor eradication, as well as decreasing off-target or systemic toxicity. Research into further characterization and targeted therapy toward head and neck CSCs is an active and rapidly evolving field. This review discusses the current state of research into therapy against head and neck CSCs and future directions for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J H Owen
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M E Prince
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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2794
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Hunter FW, Young RJ, Shalev Z, Vellanki RN, Wang J, Gu Y, Joshi N, Sreebhavan S, Weinreb I, Goldstein DP, Moffat J, Ketela T, Brown KR, Koritzinsky M, Solomon B, Rischin D, Wilson WR, Wouters BG. Identification of P450 Oxidoreductase as a Major Determinant of Sensitivity to Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4211-23. [PMID: 26297733 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis W Hunter
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard J Young
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zvi Shalev
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ravi N Vellanki
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jingli Wang
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yongchuan Gu
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. AnQual Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Naveen Joshi
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sreevalsan Sreebhavan
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ilan Weinreb
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David P Goldstein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Troy Ketela
- Donnelly Centre and Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin R Brown
- Donnelly Centre and Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marianne Koritzinsky
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Solomon
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danny Rischin
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William R Wilson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bradly G Wouters
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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2795
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Zhong R, Bao R, Faber PW, Bindokas VP, Bechill J, Lingen MW, Spiotto MT. Notch1 Activation or Loss Promotes HPV-Induced Oral Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3958-3969. [PMID: 26294213 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Viral oncogene expression is insufficient for neoplastic transformation of human cells, so human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers will also rely upon mutations in cellular oncogenes and tumor suppressors. However, it has been difficult so far to distinguish incidental mutations without phenotypic impact from causal mutations that drive the development of HPV-associated cancers. In this study, we addressed this issue by conducting a functional screen for genes that facilitate the formation of HPV E6/E7-induced squamous cell cancers in mice using a transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis protocol. Overall, we identified 39 candidate driver genes, including Notch1, which unexpectedly was scored by gain- or loss-of-function mutations that were capable of promoting squamous cell carcinogenesis. Autochthonous HPV-positive oral tumors possessing an activated Notch1 allele exhibited high rates of cell proliferation and tumor growth. Conversely, Notch1 loss could accelerate the growth of invasive tumors in a manner associated with increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases and other proinvasive genes. HPV oncogenes clearly cooperated with loss of Notch1, insofar as its haploinsufficiency accelerated tumor growth only in HPV-positive tumors. In clinical specimens of various human cancers, there was a consistent pattern of NOTCH1 expression that correlated with invasive character, in support of our observations in mice. Although Notch1 acts as a tumor suppressor in mouse skin, we found that oncogenes enabling any perturbation in Notch1 expression promoted tumor growth, albeit via distinct pathways. Our findings suggest caution in interpreting the meaning of putative driver gene mutations in cancer, and therefore therapeutic efforts to target them, given the significant contextual differences in which such mutations may arise, including in virus-associated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhong
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States
| | - Riyue Bao
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States
| | - Pieter W Faber
- Functional Genomics Facility, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States
| | | | - John Bechill
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States
| | - Mark W Lingen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States
| | - Michael T Spiotto
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States
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2796
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Feasibility of Targeting PIK3CA Mutations in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 22:35-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-9970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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2797
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Birkeland AC, Uhlmann WR, Brenner JC, Shuman AG. Getting personal: Head and neck cancer management in the era of genomic medicine. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E2250-8. [PMID: 25995036 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic testing is rapidly becoming an important tool in the management of patients with head and neck cancer. As we enter the era of genomics and personalized medicine, providers should be aware of testing options, counseling resources, and the benefits, limitations, and future of personalized therapy. METHODS This article offers a primer to assist clinicians treating patients in anticipating and managing the inherent practical and ethical challenges of cancer care in the genomic era. RESULTS Clinical applications of genomics for head and neck cancer are emerging. We discuss the indications for genetic testing, types of testing available, implications for care, privacy/disclosure concerns, and ethical considerations. Hereditary genetic syndromes associated with head and neck neoplasms are reviewed, and online genetics resources are provided. CONCLUSION This article summarizes and contextualizes the evolving diagnostic and therapeutic options that impact the care of patients with head and neck cancer in the genomic era. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2250-E2258, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wendy R Uhlmann
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - J Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew G Shuman
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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2798
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Chu A, Robertson G, Brooks D, Mungall AJ, Birol I, Coope R, Ma Y, Jones S, Marra MA. Large-scale profiling of microRNAs for The Cancer Genome Atlas. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:e3. [PMID: 26271990 PMCID: PMC4705681 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive multiplatform genomics data generated by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network is an enabling resource for cancer research. It includes an unprecedented amount of microRNA sequence data: ∼11 000 libraries across 33 cancer types. Combined with initiatives like the National Cancer Institute Genomics Cloud Pilots, such data resources will make intensive analysis of large-scale cancer genomics data widely accessible. To support such initiatives, and to enable comparison of TCGA microRNA data to data from other projects, we describe the process that we developed and used to generate the microRNA sequence data, from library construction through to submission of data to repositories. In the context of this process, we describe the computational pipeline that we used to characterize microRNA expression across large patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Chu
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Gordon Robertson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Denise Brooks
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Inanc Birol
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Robin Coope
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Yussanne Ma
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Steven Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6H 3N1, Canada Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6H 3N1, Canada
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2799
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Martinez BV, Dhahbi JM, Lopez YON, Lamperska K, Golusinski P, Luczewski L, Kolenda T, Atamna H, Spindler SR, Golusinski W, Masternak MM. Circulating small non-coding RNA signature in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:19246-63. [PMID: 26057471 PMCID: PMC4662488 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common human cancer, causing 350,000 individuals die worldwide each year. The overall prognosis in HNSCC patients has not significantly changed for the last decade. Complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms in HNSCC carcinogenesis could allow an earlier diagnosis and the use of more specific and effective therapies. In the present study we used deep sequencing to characterize small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) in serum from HNSCC patients and healthy donors. We identified, for the first time, a multi-marker signature of 3 major classes of circulating sncRNAs in HNSCC, revealing the presence of circulating novel and known miRNAs, and tRNA- and YRNA-derived small RNAs that were significantly deregulated in the sera of HNSCC patients compared to healthy controls. By implementing a triple-filtering approach we identified a subset of highly biologically relevant miRNA-mRNA interactions and we demonstrated that the same genes/pathways affected by somatic mutations in cancer are affected by changes in the abundance of miRNAs. Therefore, one important conclusion from our work is that during cancer development, there seems to be a convergence of oncogenic processes driven by somatic mutations and/or miRNA regulation affecting key cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Victoria Martinez
- University of Central Florida, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Joseph M. Dhahbi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Yury O. Nunez Lopez
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Katarzyna Lamperska
- Deptartment of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Golusinski
- Department of Biology and Environmental Studies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Lukasz Luczewski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kolenda
- Deptartment of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Hani Atamna
- Department of Medical Education, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Stephen R. Spindler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Wojciech Golusinski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal M. Masternak
- University of Central Florida, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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2800
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway resulting in constitutively active Nrf2 and increased expression of cytoprotective Nrf2 target genes, has a pivotal role in cancer. Cancer cells are able to hijack the Keap1-Nrf2 system via multiple mechanisms leading to enhanced chemo- and radio-resistance and proliferation via metabolic reprogramming as well as inhibition of apoptosis. In this mini-review, we will describe the mechanisms leading to increased Nrf2 activity in cancer with a focus on the information achieved from large-scale multi-omics projects across various cancer types.
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