251
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Qi X, Li Q, Che X, Wang Q, Wu G. Application of Regulatory Cell Death in Cancer: Based on Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837293. [PMID: 35359956 PMCID: PMC8960167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cancer treatment methods is constantly changing. For common cancers, our treatment methods are still based on conventional treatment methods, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted drug therapy. Nevertheless, the emergence of tumor resistance has a negative impact on treatment. Regulated cell death is a gene-regulated mode of programmed cell death. After receiving specific signal transduction, cells change their physical and chemical properties and the extracellular microenvironment, resulting in structural destruction and decomposition. As research accumulates, we now know that by precisely inducing specific cell death patterns, we can treat cancer with less collateral damage than other treatments. Many newly discovered types of RCD are thought to be useful for cancer treatment. However, some experimental results suggest that some RCDs are not sensitive to cancer cell death, and some may even promote cancer progression. This review summarizes the discovered types of RCDs, reviews their clinical efficacy in cancer treatment, explores their anticancer mechanisms, and discusses the feasibility of some newly discovered RCDs for cancer treatment in combination with the immune and tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qifei Wang
- *Correspondence: Guangzhen Wu, ; Qifei Wang,
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252
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Clinical Impact of High Throughput Sequencing on Liquid Biopsy in Advanced Solid Cancer. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:1902-1918. [PMID: 35323355 PMCID: PMC8947301 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29030155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer therapies targeting actionable molecular alterations (AMA) have developed, but the clinical routine impact of high-throughput molecular profiling remains unclear. We present a monocentric experience of molecular profiling based on liquid biopsy in patients with cancer. Methods: Patients included had solid cancer and underwent cfDNA genomic profiling with FoudationOne Liquid CDx (F1LCDx) test, analyzing 324 genes. Primary endpoint was to describe patients with an AMA for whom clinical decisions were impacted by F1LCDx test results. Results: 191 patients were included, mostly with lung cancer (46%). An AMA was found in 52%. The most common molecular alterations were: TP53 (52%), KRAS (14%) and DNMT3 (11%). The most common AMA were: CHEK2 (10%), PIK3CA (9%), ATM (7%). There was no difference in progression-free survival (2.66 months vs. 3.81 months, p = 0.17), overall survival (5.3 months vs. 7.1 months, p = 0.64), or PFS2/PFS1 ratio ≥ 1.3 (20% vs. 24%, p = 0.72) between patients receiving a molecularly matched therapy (MMT) or a non-MMT, respectively. Patients with a MMT had an overall response rate of 19% and a disease control of 32%. Conclusions: Routine cfDNA molecular profiling is feasible and can lead to the access of targeted therapies. However, no notable benefit in patient’s outcomes was shown in this unselected pan-cancer study.
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253
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Catozzi S, Ternet C, Gourrege A, Wynne K, Oliviero G, Kiel C. Reconstruction and analysis of a large-scale binary Ras-effector signaling network. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:24. [PMID: 35246154 PMCID: PMC8896392 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ras is a key cellular signaling hub that controls numerous cell fates via multiple downstream effector pathways. While pathways downstream of effectors such as Raf, PI3K and RalGDS are extensively described in the literature, how other effectors signal downstream of Ras is often still enigmatic. METHODS A comprehensive and unbiased Ras-effector network was reconstructed downstream of 43 effector proteins (converging onto 12 effector classes) using public pathway and protein-protein interaction (PPI) databases. The output is an oriented graph of pairwise interactions defining a 3-layer signaling network downstream of Ras. The 2290 proteins comprising the network were studied for their implication in signaling crosstalk and feedbacks, their subcellular localizations, and their cellular functions. RESULTS The final Ras-effector network consists of 2290 proteins that are connected via 19,080 binary PPIs, increasingly distributed across the downstream layers, with 441 PPIs in layer 1, 1660 in layer 2, and 16,979 in layer 3. We identified a high level of crosstalk among proteins of the 12 effector classes. A class-specific Ras sub-network was generated in CellDesigner (.xml file) and a functional enrichment analysis thereof shows that 58% of the processes have previously been associated to a respective effector pathway, with the remaining providing insights into novel and unexplored functions of specific effector pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our large-scale and cell general Ras-effector network is a crucial steppingstone towards defining the network boundaries. It constitutes a 'reference interactome' and can be contextualized for specific conditions, e.g. different cell types or biopsy material obtained from cancer patients. Further, it can serve as a basis for elucidating systems properties, such as input-output relationships, crosstalk, and pathway redundancy. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Catozzi
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Camille Ternet
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Alize Gourrege
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kieran Wynne
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Giorgio Oliviero
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christina Kiel
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. .,UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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254
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Tanaka T, Ohishi T, Saito M, Kawada M, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. TrMab-6 Exerts Antitumor Activity in Mouse Xenograft Models of Breast Cancers. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2022; 41:32-38. [PMID: 35225665 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2021.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) has been reported to be overexpressed in many cancers, and is involved in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. We previously developed a highly sensitive anti-TROP2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (clone TrMab-6; mouse IgG2b, kappa) using a Cell-Based Immunization and Screening method. TrMab-6 is useful for investigations using flow cytometry, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry and possesses antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) against TROP2-expressing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines, such as MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468. This study investigated whether TrMab-6 possesses in vivo antitumor activities via ADCC/CDC activities using mouse xenograft models of TNBC cell lines. In vivo experiments on MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 xenografts revealed that TrMab-6 significantly reduced tumor growth compared with normal mouse IgG treatment. The findings of this study suggest that TrMab-6 is a promising treatment option for TROP2-expressing TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu-shi, Japan
| | - Masaki Saito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu-shi, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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255
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Su Y, Gu X, Zheng Q, Zhu L, Lu J, Li L. LncRNA PCGEM1 in Human Cancers: Functions, Mechanisms and Promising Clinical Utility. Front Oncol 2022; 12:847745. [PMID: 35265529 PMCID: PMC8898824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.847745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As novel members of the noncoding RNA family, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been widely reported to function as powerful regulators in gene expression processes, including chromosome remodeling, transcription interference and posttranscriptional modification. With the rapid development of metagenomic sequencing, numerous studies have indicated that the dysregulation of lncRNAs is closely associated with diverse human diseases, especially cancers. Prostate Gene Expression Marker 1 (PCGEM1), a recently identified lncRNA, has been reported to play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of multiple tumors by interacting with pivotal regulators of tumor-related signaling pathways. In this review, we will retrospectively review the recent studies of the expression of lncRNA PCGEM1 in human cancers and comprehensively describe the underlying regulatory mechanism by which PCGEM1 functions in tumors. More importantly, based on the relationship between PCGEM1 and cancers, the potential application of PCGEM1 in clinical diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic treatment will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Juan Lu
- *Correspondence: Lanjuan Li, ; Juan Lu,
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256
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Oncologic Drugs Approval in Europe for Solid Tumors: Overview of the Last 6 Years. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040889. [PMID: 35205637 PMCID: PMC8870299 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We present a systematic overview of EMA-approved oncologic drugs, both as new or extensions of indications, over 6 years, from 2015 to 2020. Our analysis confirms a long-standing trend in drug development for which most of the efforts led to broadening indications of pre-existing molecules, with immunotherapy and signal transduction inhibitors contending the leadership. Many drugs with the same or a very similar mechanism of action are approved for the same indication without a direct head-to-head comparison. Moreover, we show that the majority of drugs entered the market without evidence of overall survival or quality of life benefit but based on surrogate outcomes. Our data support some considerations about the modern drug development in oncology, where the goal is to provide the patients with the fastest possible access to new drugs. The debate on the optimal methodology to develop new drugs remains an unmet need. Abstract (1) Background: Drug development in oncology is changing rapidly. The aim of the present study was to provide an insight into the features of anti-tumor drugs approved in Europe; (2) Methods: We included all the indications for solid tumors issued by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) between 2015 and 2020. We extracted data from European Public Assessments Reports (EPAR), including drug name, mechanism of action, setting, features of pivotal clinical trials, primary end-points, quality of life (QoL); (3) Results: In the explored period, EMA issued 132 new indications (81 indications’ extensions) for 62 oncology drugs. In about half of indications (47%), the approval was biomarker-based. Immune check point inhibitors (ICIs) and signal transduction inhibitors were the two most representative drug categories (62%). Most of the indications were for the advanced setting (91%) and front-line therapy (66%). The most common tumor types were non-small cell lung cancer (24%), breast (16%), and melanoma (10%). Two thirds of the indications (73%) were approved based on phase III trials. Overall survival (OS) represented the primary end-point only in 39% of indications, mainly limited to advanced setting (98%) and ICI trials (80%). Almost all (94%) cell cycle and DNA repair mechanism inhibitors were approved based on progression free survival (PFS) data. In pivotal trials with signal transduction inhibitors, objective response rate (ORR) was the prevalent (45%) primary end-point. QoL was never considered as primary end-point; (4) Conclusions: In this analysis, we intended to offer an updated picture of the recent drug development in oncology. Most of the efforts led to broadening indications of pre-existing molecules, with signal transduction inhibitor and ICIs contending the leadership. Twenty-seven percent of the indication were approved without a phase III trial. The majority of drugs entered the market without evidence of OS or QoL benefit but based on surrogate outcomes.
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257
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Liu L, Huang X, Shi F, Song J, Guo C, Yang J, Liang T, Bai X. Combination therapy for pancreatic cancer: anti-PD-(L)1-based strategy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:56. [PMID: 35139879 PMCID: PMC8827285 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02273-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality associated with pancreatic cancer is among the highest of all malignancies, with a 5-year overall survival of 5-10%. Immunotherapy, represented by the blocking antibodies against programmed cell death protein 1 or its ligand 1 (anti-PD-(L)1), has achieved remarkable success in a number of malignancies. However, due to the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment, the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-(L)1 in pancreatic cancer is far from expectation. To address such a fundamental issue, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and even immunotherapy itself, have individually been attempted to combine with anti-PD-(L)1 in preclinical and clinical investigation. This review, with a particular focus on pancreatic cancer therapy, collects current anti-PD-(L)1-based combination strategy, highlights potential adverse effects of accumulative combination, and further points out future direction in optimization of combination, including targeting post-translational modification of PD-(L)1 and improving precision of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyue Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fukang Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinyuan Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengxiang Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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258
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Hu Y, Yang H, Fu S, Wu J. Therapeutic Plasma Exchange: For Cancer Patients. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:411-425. [PMID: 35140519 PMCID: PMC8818550 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s340472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic plasma exchange is used as a trial method for the treatment of cancer patients. Therapeutic plasma exchange uses in vitro technology to remove pathogenic factors in the plasma, returning the replacement and remaining components to the patient to facilitate cure. In the effort to explore new methods of cancer treatment, the introduction of therapeutic plasma exchange brings new hope for cancer treatment; however, the current evidence supporting therapeutic plasma exchange is controversial, and most of the evidence comes from observational studies, lacking large prospective randomized trials. Therefore, this review attempts to focus on the main indications of therapeutic plasma exchange for the treatment of tumors and their complications, including hematological tumors (multiple myeloma cast nephropathy and hyperviscosity syndrome), nervous system tumors (myasthenia gravis associated with thymoma, paraneoplastic neurological syndrome, Lambert–Eaton myasthenia syndrome, and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis), overdose of chemotherapy drugs. In addition, the issues of side-effects and safety in the use of therapeutic plasma exchange are also discussed. However, well-designed prospective trials are needed to better define the role of therapeutic plasma exchange in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanshan Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaozhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jingbo Wu; Shaozhi Fu, Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613980257136, Email ;
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259
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Kornauth C, Pemovska T, Vladimer GI, Bayer G, Bergmann M, Eder S, Eichner R, Erl M, Esterbauer H, Exner R, Felsleitner-Hauer V, Forte M, Gaiger A, Geissler K, Greinix HT, Gstöttner W, Hacker M, Hartmann BL, Hauswirth AW, Heinemann T, Heintel D, Hoda MA, Hopfinger G, Jaeger U, Kazianka L, Kenner L, Kiesewetter B, Krall N, Krajnik G, Kubicek S, Le T, Lubowitzki S, Mayerhoefer ME, Menschel E, Merkel O, Miura K, Müllauer L, Neumeister P, Noesslinger T, Ocko K, Öhler L, Panny M, Pichler A, Porpaczy E, Prager GW, Raderer M, Ristl R, Ruckser R, Salamon J, Schiefer AI, Schmolke AS, Schwarzinger I, Selzer E, Sillaber C, Skrabs C, Sperr WR, Srndic I, Thalhammer R, Valent P, van der Kouwe E, Vanura K, Vogt S, Waldstein C, Wolf D, Zielinski CC, Zojer N, Simonitsch-Klupp I, Superti-Furga G, Snijder B, Staber PB. Functional Precision Medicine Provides Clinical Benefit in Advanced Aggressive Hematologic Cancers and Identifies Exceptional Responders. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:372-387. [PMID: 34635570 PMCID: PMC9762339 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Personalized medicine aims to match the right drug with the right patient by using specific features of the individual patient's tumor. However, current strategies of personalized therapy matching provide treatment opportunities for less than 10% of patients with cancer. A promising method may be drug profiling of patient biopsy specimens with single-cell resolution to directly quantify drug effects. We prospectively tested an image-based single-cell functional precision medicine (scFPM) approach to guide treatments in 143 patients with advanced aggressive hematologic cancers. Fifty-six patients (39%) were treated according to scFPM results. At a median follow-up of 23.9 months, 30 patients (54%) demonstrated a clinical benefit of more than 1.3-fold enhanced progression-free survival compared with their previous therapy. Twelve patients (40% of responders) experienced exceptional responses lasting three times longer than expected for their respective disease. We conclude that therapy matching by scFPM is clinically feasible and effective in advanced aggressive hematologic cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first precision medicine trial using a functional assay to instruct n-of-one therapies in oncology. It illustrates that for patients lacking standard therapies, high-content assay-based scFPM can have a significant value in clinical therapy guidance based on functional dependencies of each patient's cancer.See related commentary by Letai, p. 290.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 275.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kornauth
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tea Pemovska
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregory I Vladimer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Exscientia GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günther Bayer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bergmann
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Eder
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology/Oncology, Klinikum Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Ruth Eichner
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Erl
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruth Exner
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Maurizio Forte
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Gaiger
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Geissler
- Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hildegard T Greinix
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Gstöttner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alexander W Hauswirth
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Heinemann
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Heintel
- Division of Medicine I, Klinik Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mir Alireza Hoda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Hopfinger
- Third Medical Department, Centre for Oncology and Haematology, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Jaeger
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kazianka
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Kiesewetter
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Krall
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Exscientia GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Krajnik
- Department of Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum St. Pölten, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Stefan Kubicek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Trang Le
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Lubowitzki
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marius E Mayerhoefer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elisabeth Menschel
- Third Medical Department, Hematology & Oncology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olaf Merkel
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katsuhiro Miura
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Leonhard Müllauer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Neumeister
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Noesslinger
- Third Medical Department, Hematology & Oncology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Ocko
- Pharmacy Department, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Öhler
- Internal Medicine I, Department of Oncology, St. Josef Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Panny
- Third Medical Department, Hematology & Oncology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Pichler
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edit Porpaczy
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald W Prager
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Raderer
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robin Ristl
- Section for Medical Statistics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Julius Salamon
- Department of Medicine, Landesklinikum Waidhofen a.d. Ybbs, Waidhofen-Ybbs, Austria
| | - Ana-Iris Schiefer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ann-Sofie Schmolke
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilse Schwarzinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edgar Selzer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Sillaber
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cathrin Skrabs
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ismet Srndic
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Thalhammer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emiel van der Kouwe
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrina Vanura
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, LKH Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Cora Waldstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Niklas Zojer
- Division of Medicine I, Klinik Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Berend Snijder
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp B Staber
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
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An ongoing evolution of cardio-oncology with the rapid development of modern immunotherapy. Int J Cardiol 2022; 347:60-61. [PMID: 34798210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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261
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Ciardiello D, Maiorano BA, Parente P, Rodriquenz MG, Latiano TP, Chiarazzo C, Pazienza V, Guerrera LP, Amoruso B, Normanno N, Martini G, Ciardiello F, Martinelli E, Maiello E. Immunotherapy for Biliary Tract Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:820. [PMID: 35055006 PMCID: PMC8775359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTC) represent a heterogeneous and aggressive group of tumors with dismal prognosis. For a long time, BTC has been considered an orphan disease with very limited therapeutic options. In recent years a better understanding of the complex molecular landscape of biology is rapidly changing the therapeutic armamentarium. However, while 40-50% of patients there are molecular drivers susceptible to target therapy, for the remaining population new therapeutic options represent an unsatisfied clinical need. The role of immunotherapy in the continuum of treatment of patients with BTC is still debated. Despite initial signs of antitumor-activity, single-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) demonstrated limited efficacy in an unselected population. Therefore, identifying the best partner to combine ICIs and predictive biomarkers represents a key challenge to optimize the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review provides a critical analysis of completed trials, with an eye on future perspectives and possible biomarkers of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ciardiello
- Oncology Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (B.A.M.); (M.G.R.); (T.P.L.); (C.C.); (L.P.G.); (B.A.); (E.M.)
- Oncology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Brigida Anna Maiorano
- Oncology Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (B.A.M.); (M.G.R.); (T.P.L.); (C.C.); (L.P.G.); (B.A.); (E.M.)
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 000168 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Parente
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Rodriquenz
- Oncology Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (B.A.M.); (M.G.R.); (T.P.L.); (C.C.); (L.P.G.); (B.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Tiziana Pia Latiano
- Oncology Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (B.A.M.); (M.G.R.); (T.P.L.); (C.C.); (L.P.G.); (B.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Cinzia Chiarazzo
- Oncology Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (B.A.M.); (M.G.R.); (T.P.L.); (C.C.); (L.P.G.); (B.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Division of Gastroenterology, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Luigi Pio Guerrera
- Oncology Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (B.A.M.); (M.G.R.); (T.P.L.); (C.C.); (L.P.G.); (B.A.); (E.M.)
- Oncology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Brunella Amoruso
- Oncology Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (B.A.M.); (M.G.R.); (T.P.L.); (C.C.); (L.P.G.); (B.A.); (E.M.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Università di Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cellular Biology and Biotherapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, “Fondazione G. Pascale”-IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giulia Martini
- Oncology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Oncology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Erika Martinelli
- Oncology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Evaristo Maiello
- Oncology Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (B.A.M.); (M.G.R.); (T.P.L.); (C.C.); (L.P.G.); (B.A.); (E.M.)
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Nicolazzo C, Gazzaniga P. A Fast and Furious Liquid Biopsy Assay to Monitor Targeted Therapy Resistance. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2535:93-104. [PMID: 35867225 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2513-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies represent a valid alternative to conventional tissue biopsies, offering a real time molecular picture of tumors in a minimally invasive manner. Of the various circulating biomarkers available for liquid biopsy, circulating tumor cells (CTC) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) are the most intensively studied to date. However, CTC and ctDNA represent different tumor components, therefore, complementary information from both sources might be beneficial. This protocol focuses on the description of a sample processing workflow that allowed for concurrent isolation of CTC and ctDNA from the same source sample. This single tube approach enables simultaneous analysis of multiple biomarkers to better monitor cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nicolazzo
- Cancer Liquid Biopsy Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Gazzaniga
- Cancer Liquid Biopsy Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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263
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O’Bryant SE, Zhang F, Petersen M, Hall JR, Johnson LA, Yaffe K, Braskie M, Vig R, Toga AW, Rissman RA. Proteomic Profiles of Neurodegeneration Among Mexican Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites in the HABS-HD Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1243-1254. [PMID: 35180110 PMCID: PMC9376967 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hispanics are expected to experience the largest increase in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD related dementias over the next several decades. However, few studies have examined biomarkers of AD among Mexican Americans, the largest segment of the U.S. Hispanic population. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine proteomic profiles of an MRI-based marker of neurodegeneration from the AT(N) framework among a multi-ethnic, community-dwelling cohort. METHODS Community-dwelling Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic white adults and elders were recruited. All participants underwent comprehensive assessments including an interview, functional exam, clinical labs, informant interview, neuropsychological testing, and 3T MRI of the brain. A neurodegeneration MRI meta-ROI biomarker for the AT(N) framework was calculated. RESULTS Data was examined from n = 1,291 participants. Proteomic profiles were highly accurate for detecting neurodegeneration (i.e., N+) among both Mexican Americans (AUC = 1.0) and non-Hispanic whites (AUC = 0.98). The proteomic profile of N + was different between ethnic groups. Further analyses revealed that the proteomic profiles of N + varied by diagnostic status (control, MCI, dementia) and ethnicity (Mexican American versus non-Hispanic whites) though diagnostic accuracy was high for all classifications. CONCLUSION A proteomic profile of neurodegeneration has tremendous value and point towards novel diagnostic and intervention opportunities. The current findings demonstrate that the underlying biological factors associated with neurodegeneration are different between Mexican Americans versus non-Hispanic whites as well as at different levels of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sid E. O’Bryant
- Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA,Address correspondence to: Sid O’Bryant, Ph.D., University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, Texas, 76107 USA; ; 1+817-735-2962
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA,Department of Family Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Melissa Petersen
- Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA,Department of Family Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - James R. Hall
- Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Leigh A. Johnson
- Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA,San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meredith Braskie
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rocky Vig
- Imaging, Midtown Medical Imaging, Fort Worth, Texas, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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Tsutakawa SE, Bacolla A, Katsonis P, Bralić A, Hamdan SM, Lichtarge O, Tainer JA, Tsai CL. Decoding Cancer Variants of Unknown Significance for Helicase-Nuclease-RPA Complexes Orchestrating DNA Repair During Transcription and Replication. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:791792. [PMID: 34966786 PMCID: PMC8710748 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.791792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
All tumors have DNA mutations, and a predictive understanding of those mutations could inform clinical treatments. However, 40% of the mutations are variants of unknown significance (VUS), with the challenge being to objectively predict whether a VUS is pathogenic and supports the tumor or whether it is benign. To objectively decode VUS, we mapped cancer sequence data and evolutionary trace (ET) scores onto crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy structures with variant impacts quantitated by evolutionary action (EA) measures. As tumors depend on helicases and nucleases to deal with transcription/replication stress, we targeted helicase–nuclease–RPA complexes: (1) XPB-XPD (within TFIIH), XPF-ERCC1, XPG, and RPA for transcription and nucleotide excision repair pathways and (2) BLM, EXO5, and RPA plus DNA2 for stalled replication fork restart. As validation, EA scoring predicts severe effects for most disease mutations, but disease mutants with low ET scores not only are likely destabilizing but also disrupt sophisticated allosteric mechanisms. For sites of disease mutations and VUS predicted to be severe, we found strong co-localization to ordered regions. Rare discrepancies highlighted the different survival requirements between disease and tumor mutations, as well as the value of examining proteins within complexes. In a genome-wide analysis of 33 cancer types, we found correlation between the number of mutations in each tumor and which pathways or functional processes in which the mutations occur, revealing different mutagenic routes to tumorigenesis. We also found upregulation of ancient genes including BLM, which supports a non-random and concerted cancer process: reversion to a unicellular, proliferation-uncontrolled, status by breaking multicellular constraints on cell division. Together, these genes and global analyses challenge the binary “driver” and “passenger” mutation paradigm, support a gradient impact as revealed by EA scoring from moderate to severe at a single gene level, and indicate reduced regulation as well as activity. The objective quantitative assessment of VUS scoring and gene overexpression in the context of functional interactions and pathways provides insights for biology, oncology, and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Tsutakawa
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Albino Bacolla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Panagiotis Katsonis
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amer Bralić
- Laboratory of DNA Replication and Recombination, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir M Hamdan
- Laboratory of DNA Replication and Recombination, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olivier Lichtarge
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John A Tainer
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chi-Lin Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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265
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Comparison of Anticancer Drug Toxicities: Paradigm Shift in Adverse Effect Profile. Life (Basel) 2021; 12:life12010048. [PMID: 35054441 PMCID: PMC8777973 DOI: 10.3390/life12010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The inception of cancer treatment with chemotherapeutics began in the 1940s with nitrogen mustards that were initially employed as weapons in World War II. Since then, treatment options for different malignancies have evolved over the period of last seventy years. Until the late 1990s, all the chemotherapeutic agents were small molecule chemicals with a highly nonspecific and severe toxicity spectrum. With the landmark approval of rituximab in 1997, a new horizon has opened up for numerous therapeutic antibodies in solid and hematological cancers. Although this transition to large molecules improved the survival and quality of life of cancer patients, this has also coincided with the change in adverse effect patterns. Typically, the anticancer agents are fraught with multifarious adverse effects that negatively impact different organs of cancer patients, which ultimately aggravate their sufferings. In contrast to the small molecules, anticancer antibodies are more targeted toward cancer signaling pathways and exhibit fewer side effects than traditional small molecule chemotherapy treatments. Nevertheless, the interference with the immune system triggers serious inflammation- and infection-related adverse effects. The differences in drug disposition and interaction with human basal pathways contribute to this paradigm shift in adverse effect profile. It is critical that healthcare team members gain a thorough insight of the adverse effect differences between the agents discovered during the last twenty-five years and before. In this review, we summarized the general mechanisms and adverse effects of small and large molecule anticancer drugs that would further our understanding on the toxicity patterns of chemotherapeutic regimens.
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266
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Rocca A, Kholodenko BN. Can Systems Biology Advance Clinical Precision Oncology? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6312. [PMID: 34944932 PMCID: PMC8699328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision oncology is perceived as a way forward to treat individual cancer patients. However, knowing particular cancer mutations is not enough for optimal therapeutic treatment, because cancer genotype-phenotype relationships are nonlinear and dynamic. Systems biology studies the biological processes at the systems' level, using an array of techniques, ranging from statistical methods to network reconstruction and analysis, to mathematical modeling. Its goal is to reconstruct the complex and often counterintuitive dynamic behavior of biological systems and quantitatively predict their responses to environmental perturbations. In this paper, we review the impact of systems biology on precision oncology. We show examples of how the analysis of signal transduction networks allows to dissect resistance to targeted therapies and inform the choice of combinations of targeted drugs based on tumor molecular alterations. Patient-specific biomarkers based on dynamical models of signaling networks can have a greater prognostic value than conventional biomarkers. These examples support systems biology models as valuable tools to advance clinical and translational oncological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rocca
- Hygiene and Public Health, Local Health Unit of Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Boris N. Kholodenko
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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267
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Gunasekaran P, Han HJ, Choi JH, Ryu EK, Park NY, Bang G, La YK, Park S, Hwang K, Kim HN, Kim MH, Jeon YH, Soung NK, Bang JK. Amphipathic Small Molecule AZT Compound Displays Potent Inhibitory Effects in Cancer Cell Proliferation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122071. [PMID: 34959352 PMCID: PMC8704889 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has been identified as a leading cause of death worldwide, and the increasing number of cancer cases threatens to shorten the average life expectancy of people. Recently, we reported a 3-azido-3-deoxythymidine (AZT)-based amphipathic small molecule, ADG-2e that revealed a notable potency against tumor metastasis. To evaluate the anticancer potential of ADG-2e, we assessed its anticancer potency in vitro and in vivo. Anticancer screening of ADG-2e against cervical cancer cells, HeLa CCL2, and BT549 mammary gland ductal carcinoma showed significant inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, mechanistic investigations revealed that cancer cell death presumably proceeded through an oncosis mechanistic pathway because ADG-2e treated cells showed severe damage on the plasma membrane, a loss of membrane integrity, and leakage of α-tubulin and β-actin. Finally, evaluation of the antitumorigenic potential of ADG-2e in mouse xenograft models revealed that this compound potentially inhibits cancer cell proliferation. Collectively, these findings suggest that ADG-2e can evolve as an anticancer agent, which may represent a model for nucleoside-based small molecule anticancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pethaiah Gunasekaran
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea; (P.G.); (E.K.R.); (N.Y.P.); (Y.K.L.); (S.P.); (K.H.); (H.N.K.)
- Dandicure Inc., Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - Ho Jin Han
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Korea;
| | - Jung hoon Choi
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea; (J.h.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Eun Kyoung Ryu
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea; (P.G.); (E.K.R.); (N.Y.P.); (Y.K.L.); (S.P.); (K.H.); (H.N.K.)
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Nam Yeong Park
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea; (P.G.); (E.K.R.); (N.Y.P.); (Y.K.L.); (S.P.); (K.H.); (H.N.K.)
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Geul Bang
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea; (J.h.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Yeo Kyung La
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea; (P.G.); (E.K.R.); (N.Y.P.); (Y.K.L.); (S.P.); (K.H.); (H.N.K.)
| | - Sunghyun Park
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea; (P.G.); (E.K.R.); (N.Y.P.); (Y.K.L.); (S.P.); (K.H.); (H.N.K.)
| | - Kyubin Hwang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea; (P.G.); (E.K.R.); (N.Y.P.); (Y.K.L.); (S.P.); (K.H.); (H.N.K.)
| | - Hak Nam Kim
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea; (P.G.); (E.K.R.); (N.Y.P.); (Y.K.L.); (S.P.); (K.H.); (H.N.K.)
| | - Mi-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea;
| | - Young Ho Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.H.J.); (N.-K.S.); (J.K.B.)
| | - Nak-Kyun Soung
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.H.J.); (N.-K.S.); (J.K.B.)
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea; (P.G.); (E.K.R.); (N.Y.P.); (Y.K.L.); (S.P.); (K.H.); (H.N.K.)
- Dandicure Inc., Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.H.J.); (N.-K.S.); (J.K.B.)
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Duraj T, Carrión-Navarro J, Seyfried TN, García-Romero N, Ayuso-Sacido A. Metabolic therapy and bioenergetic analysis: The missing piece of the puzzle. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101389. [PMID: 34749013 PMCID: PMC8637646 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant metabolism is recognized as a hallmark of cancer, a pillar necessary for cellular proliferation. Regarding bioenergetics (ATP generation), most cancers display a preference not only toward aerobic glycolysis ("Warburg effect") and glutaminolysis (mitochondrial substrate level-phosphorylation) but also toward other metabolites such as lactate, pyruvate, and fat-derived sources. These secondary metabolites can assist in proliferation but cannot fully cover ATP demands. SCOPE OF REVIEW The concept of a static metabolic profile is challenged by instances of heterogeneity and flexibility to meet fuel/anaplerotic demands. Although metabolic therapies are a promising tool to improve therapeutic outcomes, either via pharmacological targets or press-pulse interventions, metabolic plasticity is rarely considered. Lack of bioenergetic analysis in vitro and patient-derived models is hindering translational potential. Here, we review the bioenergetics of cancer and propose a simple analysis of major metabolic pathways, encompassing both affordable and advanced techniques. A comprehensive compendium of Seahorse XF bioenergetic measurements is presented for the first time. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Standardization of principal readouts might help researchers to collect a complete metabolic picture of cancer using the most appropriate methods depending on the sample of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Duraj
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), CEU San Pablo University, 28668, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Josefa Carrión-Navarro
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain; Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Thomas N Seyfried
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
| | - Noemí García-Romero
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain; Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Angel Ayuso-Sacido
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain; Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
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269
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Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease. RA mainly affects synovial joints, with inflammation of the synovial membrane (synovitis), characterised by neo-angiogenesis, hyperplasia of lining layer, and immune cell infiltration that drive local inflammation and, if untreated, can lead to joint destruction and disability. In parallel to the well-known clinical heterogeneity, the underlying synovitis can also be significantly heterogeneous, both at cellular and molecular level, which can at least in part explain why despite the availability of highly effective treatment options, a large proportion of patients are resistant to some individual treatments. The assimilation of recent high-throughput data from analysis at the single-cell level with rigorous and high-quality clinical outcomes obtained from large randomised clinical trials support the definition of disease and treatment response endotypes. Looking ahead, the integration of histological and molecular signatures from the diseased tissue into clinical algorithms may help decision making in the management of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in clinical practice.
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270
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Louie AD, Huntington K, Carlsen L, Zhou L, El-Deiry WS. Integrating Molecular Biomarker Inputs Into Development and Use of Clinical Cancer Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:747194. [PMID: 34737704 PMCID: PMC8560682 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.747194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers can contribute to clinical cancer therapeutics at multiple points along the patient’s diagnostic and treatment course. Diagnostic biomarkers can screen or classify patients, while prognostic biomarkers predict their survival. Biomarkers can also predict treatment efficacy or toxicity and are increasingly important in development of novel cancer therapeutics. Strategies for biomarker identification have involved large-scale genomic and proteomic analyses. Pathway-specific biomarkers are already in use to assess the potential efficacy of immunotherapy and targeted cancer therapies. Judicious application of machine learning techniques can identify disease-relevant features from large data sets and improve predictive models. The future of biomarkers likely involves increasing utilization of liquid biopsy and multiple samplings to better understand tumor heterogeneity and identify drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna D Louie
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Surgery, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Kelsey Huntington
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Pathobiology Graduate Program, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Lindsey Carlsen
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Pathobiology Graduate Program, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cancer Center at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Pathobiology Graduate Program, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cancer Center at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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271
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Development of a nanobody-based immunoassay for the sensitive detection of fibrinogen-like protein 1. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1921-1929. [PMID: 33633363 PMCID: PMC8563870 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibition is an important strategy in cancer therapy. Blockade of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 is well developed in clinical practice. In the last few years, LAG-3 has received much interest as an emerging novel target in immunotherapy. It was recently reported that FGL1 is a major ligand of LAG-3, which is normally secreted by the liver but is upregulated in several human cancers. FGL1 is a crucial biomarker and target for cancer immunotherapy. As the efficacy of immunotherapy is limited to specific types of patients, the subset of patients needs to be selected appropriately to receive precise treatment according to different biomarkers. To date, there is no test to accurately assess FGL1 expression levels. Nanobodies have some outstanding features, such as high stability, solubility and affinity for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Here, we report the development and validation of a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective nanobody-based immunoassay for the detection of FGL1 in human serum. In this study, human FGL1 recombinant protein was expressed and purified for the first time as an immunized antigen. Then, we constructed a nanobody phage display library and screened several nanobodies that bind FGL1 with high affinity. We selected two nanobodies targeting different epitopes of FGL1, one as a capture and the other conjugated with HRP as a probe. The double nanobody-based sandwich ELISA to detect the concentration of FGL1 showed a good response relationship in the range of 15.625–2000 ng/mL, and the recoveries from the spiked sample were in the range of 78% and 100%. This assay could be used as a potential approach for evaluating FGL1 expression for patient stratification and for predicting the therapeutic efficacy of targeting the LAG3/FGL1 axis.
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272
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Pavic T, Mikolasevic I, Kralj D, Blazevic N, Skrtic A, Budimir I, Lerotic I, Hrabar D. Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in Liver Disease: Where Do We Stand? Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:2021. [PMID: 34829368 PMCID: PMC8618190 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the burden of liver disease in the general populace steadily increases, so does the need for both advanced diagnostic and treatment options. Endoscopic ultrasound is a reliable diagnostic and therapeutic method that has an established role, foremost in pancreatobiliary pathology. This paper aims to summarize the growing role of endoscopic ultrasound in hepatology based on the search of the current literature. A number of applications of endoscopic ultrasound are reviewed, including both noninvasive methods and tissue acquisition in focal and diffuse liver disease, portal hypertension measurement, detection and management of gastric and esophageal varices, treatment of focal liver lesions and staging of pancreatobiliary malignancies, treatment of cystic and solid liver lesions, as well as liver abscess drainage. Both hepatologists and endoscopists should be aware of the evolving role of endoscopic ultrasound in liver disease. The inherent invasive nature of endoscopic examination limits its use to a targeted population identified using noninvasive methods. Endoscopic ultrasound is one the most versatile methods in gastroenterology, allowing immediate access with detection, sampling, and treatment of digestive tract pathology. Further expansion of its use in hepatology is immanent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajana Pavic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.K.); (N.B.); (I.B.); (I.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Ivana Mikolasevic
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Dominik Kralj
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.K.); (N.B.); (I.B.); (I.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Nina Blazevic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.K.); (N.B.); (I.B.); (I.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivan Budimir
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.K.); (N.B.); (I.B.); (I.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Ivan Lerotic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.K.); (N.B.); (I.B.); (I.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Davor Hrabar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.K.); (N.B.); (I.B.); (I.L.); (D.H.)
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273
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Jo U, Murai Y, Takebe N, Thomas A, Pommier Y. Precision Oncology with Drugs Targeting the Replication Stress, ATR, and Schlafen 11. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4601. [PMID: 34572827 PMCID: PMC8465591 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine aims to implement strategies based on the molecular features of tumors and optimized drug delivery to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment. DNA replication is a logical approach because it can be targeted by a broad range of anticancer drugs that are both clinically approved and in development. These drugs increase deleterious replication stress (RepStress); however, how to selectively target and identify the tumors with specific molecular characteristics are unmet clinical needs. Here, we provide background information on the molecular processes of DNA replication and its checkpoints, and discuss how to target replication, checkpoint, and repair pathways with ATR inhibitors and exploit Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) as a predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukhyun Jo
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA; (Y.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Yasuhisa Murai
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA; (Y.M.); (A.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA;
| | - Anish Thomas
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA; (Y.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA; (Y.M.); (A.T.)
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274
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Petersen I. Classification and Treatment of Diseases in the Age of Genome Medicine Based on Pathway Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179418. [PMID: 34502326 PMCID: PMC8431301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of pathology as a biomedical discipline is the identification of the pathomechanisms of diseases and the integration of this knowledge into routine diagnosis and classification. Standard tools are macroscopic and microscopic analysis complemented by immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology. So far, classification has been based on the paradigm of cellular pathology established by Rudolf Virchow and others more than 150 years ago, stating that diseases originate from diseased cells. This dogma is meanwhile challenged by the fact that cells can be fully reprogrammed. Many diseases are nowadays considered to originate from undifferentiated stem cells, induced into a diseased state by genetic or epigenetic alterations. In addition, the completion of the Human Genome Project, with the identification of more than 20.000 genes and a much higher number of gene variants and mutations, led to the concept that diseases are dominated by genetics/epigenetics rather than cells of origin. The axiom of cellular pathology, however, still holds true, as cells are the smallest animate units from which diseases originate. Medical doctors and researchers nowadays have to deal with a tremendous amount of data. The International Classification of Diseases will expand from 14.400 entities/codes in ICD-10 to more than 55.000 in ICD-11. In addition, large datasets generated by “genomics“, e.g., whole-genome sequencing, expression profiling or methylome analysis, are meanwhile not only applied in research but also introduced into clinical settings. It constitutes a major task to incorporate all the data into routine medical work. Pathway pathology may help solve this problem. It is based on the realization that diseases are characterized by three essential components: (i) cells of origin/cellular context and (ii) the alteration of cellular as well as (iii) molecular/signal transduction pathways. The concept is illustrated by elaborating on two key cellular pathways, i.e., the cellular senescence of normal cells and the immortality of cancer cells, and by contrasting single cell/single pathway diseases, such as mycoplasma and coughing pneumonia, with complex diseases such as cancer, with multiple cell types as well as multiple affected cellular and signaling pathways. Importantly, the concept of pathway pathology is not just intended to classify disease, but also to conceive new treatment modalities. This article is dedicated to Dr. Leonard Hayflick, who made basic discoveries in pathway pathology not only by identifying cells causing disease (Mycoplasma pneumoniae) and establishing cell strains for treating disease (WI-38 for viral vaccines), but also by first describing cellular senescence and immortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iver Petersen
- Institute of Pathology, SRH Poliklinik Gera, SRH-Wald-Klinikum Gera, Strasse des Friedens 122, D-07548 Gera, Germany
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275
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Langenberg KPS, Looze EJ, Molenaar JJ. The Landscape of Pediatric Precision Oncology: Program Design, Actionable Alterations, and Clinical Trial Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4324. [PMID: 34503139 PMCID: PMC8431194 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, various precision medicine programs have been developed for pediatric patients with high-risk, relapsed, or refractory malignancies, selecting patients for targeted treatment through comprehensive molecular profiling. In this review, we describe characteristics of these initiatives, demonstrating the feasibility and potential of molecular-driven precision medicine. Actionable events are identified in a significant subset of patients, although comparing results is complicated due to the lack of a standardized definition of actionable alterations and the different molecular profiling strategies used. The first biomarker-driven trials for childhood cancer have been initiated, but until now the effect of precision medicine on clinical outcome has only been reported for a small number of patients, demonstrating clinical benefit in some. Future perspectives include the incorporation of novel approaches such as liquid biopsies and immune monitoring as well as innovative collaborative trial design including combination strategies, and the development of agents specifically targeting aberrations in childhood malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin P. S. Langenberg
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.J.L.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Eleonora J. Looze
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.J.L.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Jan J. Molenaar
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.J.L.); (J.J.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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276
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Rodriguez FD, Coveñas R. Biochemical Mechanisms Associating Alcohol Use Disorders with Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143548. [PMID: 34298760 PMCID: PMC8306032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Of all yearly deaths attributable to alcohol consumption globally, approximately 12% are due to cancers, representing approximately 0.4 million deceased individuals. Ethanol metabolism disturbs cell biochemistry by targeting the structure and function of essential biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) and by provoking alterations in cell programming that lead to cancer development and cancer malignancy. A better understanding of the metabolic and cell signaling realm affected by ethanol is paramount to designing effective treatments and preventive actions tailored to specific neoplasias. Abstract The World Health Organization identifies alcohol as a cause of several neoplasias of the oropharynx cavity, esophagus, gastrointestinal tract, larynx, liver, or female breast. We review ethanol’s nonoxidative and oxidative metabolism and one-carbon metabolism that encompasses both redox and transfer reactions that influence crucial cell proliferation machinery. Ethanol favors the uncontrolled production and action of free radicals, which interfere with the maintenance of essential cellular functions. We focus on the generation of protein, DNA, and lipid adducts that interfere with the cellular processes related to growth and differentiation. Ethanol’s effects on stem cells, which are responsible for building and repairing tissues, are reviewed. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) of different origins suffer disturbances related to the expression of cell surface markers, enzymes, and transcription factors after ethanol exposure with the consequent dysregulation of mechanisms related to cancer metastasis or resistance to treatments. Our analysis aims to underline and discuss potential targets that show more sensitivity to ethanol’s action and identify specific metabolic routes and metabolic realms that may be corrected to recover metabolic homeostasis after pharmacological intervention. Specifically, research should pay attention to re-establishing metabolic fluxes by fine-tuning the functioning of specific pathways related to one-carbon metabolism and antioxidant processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco D. Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Group GIR USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-677-510-030
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Group GIR USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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277
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Bertucci F, Gonçalves A, Guille A, Adelaïde J, Garnier S, Carbuccia N, Billon E, Finetti P, Sfumato P, Monneur A, Pécheux C, Khran M, Brunelle S, Mescam L, Thomassin-Piana J, Poizat F, Charafe-Jauffret E, Turrini O, Lambaudie E, Provansal M, Extra JM, Madroszyk A, Gilabert M, Sabatier R, Vicier C, Mamessier E, Chabannon C, Pakradouni J, Viens P, André F, Gravis G, Popovici C, Birnbaum D, Chaffanet M. Prospective high-throughput genome profiling of advanced cancers: results of the PERMED-01 clinical trial. Genome Med 2021; 13:87. [PMID: 34006291 PMCID: PMC8132379 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00897-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefit of precision medicine based on relatively limited gene sets and often-archived samples remains unproven. PERMED-01 (NCT02342158) was a prospective monocentric clinical trial assessing, in adults with advanced solid cancer, the feasibility and impact of extensive molecular profiling applied to newly biopsied tumor sample and based on targeted NGS (t-NGS) of the largest gene panel to date and whole-genome array-comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) with assessment of single-gene alterations and clinically relevant genomic scores. METHODS Eligible patients with refractory cancer had one tumor lesion accessible to biopsy. Extracted tumor DNA was profiled by t-NGS and aCGH. We assessed alterations of 802 "candidate cancer" genes and global genomic scores, such as homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score and tumor mutational burden. The primary endpoint was the number of patients with actionable genetic alterations (AGAs). Secondary endpoints herein reported included a description of patients with AGA who received a "matched therapy" and their clinical outcome, and a comparison of AGA identification with t-NGS and aCGH versus whole-exome sequencing (WES). RESULTS Between November 2014 and September 2019, we enrolled 550 patients heavily pretreated. An exploitable complete molecular profile was obtained in 441/550 patients (80%). At least one AGA, defined in real time by our molecular tumor board, was found in 393/550 patients (71%, two-sided 90%CI 68-75%). Only 94/550 patients (17%, 95%CI 14-21) received an "AGA-matched therapy" on progression. The most frequent AGAs leading to "matched therapy" included PIK3CA mutations, KRAS mutations/amplifications, PTEN deletions/mutations, ERBB2 amplifications/mutations, and BRCA1/2 mutations. Such "matched therapy" improved by at least 1.3-fold the progression-free survival on matched therapy (PFS2) compared to PFS on prior therapy (PFS1) in 36% of cases, representing 6% of the enrolled patients. Within patients with AGA treated on progression, the use of "matched therapy" was the sole variable associated with an improved PFS2/PFS1 ratio. Objective responses were observed in 19% of patients treated with "matched therapy," and 6-month overall survival (OS) was 62% (95%CI 52-73). In a subset of 112 metastatic breast cancers, WES did not provide benefit in term of AGA identification when compared with t-NGS/aCGH. CONCLUSIONS Extensive molecular profiling of a newly biopsied tumor sample identified AGA in most of cases, leading to delivery of a "matched therapy" in 17% of screened patients, of which 36% derived clinical benefit. WES did not seem to improve these results. TRIAL REGISTRATION ID-RCB identifier: 2014-A00966-41; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02342158 .
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bertucci
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Aix-Marseille University, 232 Boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
| | - Anthony Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Aix-Marseille University, 232 Boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Arnaud Guille
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Aix-Marseille University, 232 Boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - José Adelaïde
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Aix-Marseille University, 232 Boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Séverine Garnier
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Aix-Marseille University, 232 Boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Nadine Carbuccia
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Aix-Marseille University, 232 Boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Emilien Billon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Aix-Marseille University, 232 Boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Sfumato
- Biostatistics Unit, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Monneur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Pécheux
- Department of Medical genetics, Hôpital Timone Enfants, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Martin Khran
- Department of Medical genetics, Hôpital Timone Enfants, AP-HM, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, U1251-MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | - Serge Brunelle
- Department of Imaging, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Lenaïg Mescam
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - Flora Poizat
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - Olivier Turrini
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Lambaudie
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Magali Provansal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Extra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Madroszyk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Marine Gilabert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Renaud Sabatier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Cécile Vicier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Mamessier
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Aix-Marseille University, 232 Boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Chabannon
- Biobank, Department of Hematology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Jihane Pakradouni
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Viens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice André
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, UMR981 Inserm, Villejuif, France
- Paris Sud University, Orsay, France
| | - Gwenaelle Gravis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Cornel Popovici
- Department of Oncogenetics, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Aix-Marseille University, 232 Boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Max Chaffanet
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Aix-Marseille University, 232 Boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France
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278
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Caplan EO, Wong WB, Ferries E, Hulinsky R, Brown VT, Bordenave K, Suehs BT. Novel Approach Using Administrative Claims to Evaluate Trends in Oncology Multigene Panel Testing for Patients Enrolled in Medicare Advantage Health Plans. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:PO.20.00422. [PMID: 34036226 PMCID: PMC8140791 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an approach to identify and evaluate recent use of multigene panel testing over time. METHODS We conducted a retrospective database analysis using medical and pharmacy claims data. Medicare Advantage Prescription Drug Plan members diagnosed with select malignant solid tumors were identified. The pattern of somatic genetic testing for each patient was evaluated from January 2016 through December 2018. Tests were classified by the number of genes tested in the panel: < 50 (small or medium) and ≥ 50 (large). RESULTS An initial feasibility study using our novel approach for identifying panel tests resulted in 2.4 and 1.2 times more large and medium panels, respectively, identified compared with using procedure codes alone. A total of 121,675 eligible patients were identified, with 131,915 unique cancer cases. Overall, 5,457 (4.5%) patients received any panel test from 2016 to 2018. We found the number of tests performed each quarter increased from 238 in Q1 of 2016 to 755 in Q4 of 2018. The highest number of cases were genitourinary cancers; however, the highest proportion of cancer-related genetic testing was among patients with respiratory cancer. Across all tumor types, the proportion of large-panel tests performed as a function of all multigene panel tests increased from 20.7% of tests in Q1 of 2016 to 46.4% of tests in Q4 of 2018. The three cancer categories with the highest count of cancer-related panel tests, respiratory cancer, GI cancer, and female reproductive cancer, had a consistently greater proportion receiving a panel test at any point postindex. CONCLUSION Across a variety of cancers, use of somatic, large-panel cancer-related genetic testing, as a proportion of all somatic cancer-related genetic testing, increased from 2016 to 2018, although testing overall was low.
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279
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Xu H, Zou R, Li F, Liu J, Luan N, Wang S, Zhu L. MRPL15 is a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:3655-3673. [PMID: 33934540 PMCID: PMC8178508 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the role of six human epididymis protein 4 (HE4)-related mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs) in ovarian cancer and selected MRPL15, which is most closely related to the tumorigenesis and prognosis of ovarian cancer, for further analyses. METHODS Using STRING database and MCODE plugin in Cytoscape, six MRPs were identified among genes that are upregulated in response to HE4 overexpression in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ovarian cancer, GTEX, Oncomine, and TISIDB were used to analyze the expression of the six MRPs. The prognostic impact and genetic variation of these six MRPs in ovarian cancer were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier Plotter and cBioPortal, respectively. MRPL15 was selected for immunohistochemistry and GEO verification. TCGA ovarian cancer data, gene set enrichment analysis, and Enrichr were used to explore the mechanism of MRPL15 in ovarian cancer. Finally, the relationship between MRPL15 expression and immune subtype, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and immune regulatory factors was analyzed using TCGA ovarian cancer data and TISIDB. RESULTS Six MRPs (MRPL10, MRPL15, MRPL36, MRPL39, MRPS16, and MRPS31) related to HE4 in ovarian cancer were selected. MRPL15 was highly expressed and amplified in ovarian cancer and was related to the poor prognosis of patients. Mechanism analysis indicated that MRPL15 plays a role in ovarian cancer through pathways such as the cell cycle, DNA repair, and mTOR 1 signaling. High expression of MRPL15 in ovarian cancer may be associated with its amplification and hypomethylation. Additionally, MRPL15 showed the lowest expression in C3 ovarian cancer and was correlated with proliferation of CD8+ T cells and dendritic cells as well as TGFβR1 and IDO1 expression. CONCLUSION MRPL15 may be a prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. Because of its close correlation with HE4, this study provides insights into the mechanism of HE4 in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoya Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province and Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruoyao Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province and Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province and Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Nannan Luan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province and Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengke Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province and Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Liancheng Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province and Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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280
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Gerrish A, Jenkinson H, Cole T. The Impact of Cell-Free DNA Analysis on the Management of Retinoblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071570. [PMID: 33805427 PMCID: PMC8037190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a childhood eye cancer, mainly caused by mutations in the RB1 gene, which can be somatic or constitutional. Unlike many other cancers, tumour biopsies are not performed due to the risk of tumour dissemination. As a result, until recently, somatic genetic analysis was only possible if an affected eye was removed as part of a treatment. Several recent proof of principle studies have demonstrated that the analysis of tumour-derived cell-free DNA, either obtained from ocular fluid or blood plasma, has the potential to advance the diagnosis and influence the prognosis of retinoblastoma patients. It has been shown that a confirmed diagnosis is possible in retinoblastoma patients undergoing conservative treatment. In vivo genetic analysis of retinoblastoma tumours is also now possible, allowing the potential identification of secondary genetic events as prognostic biomarkers. In addition, noninvasive prenatal diagnosis in children at risk of inheriting retinoblastoma has been developed. Here, we review the current literature and discuss the potential impact of cell-free DNA analysis on both the diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gerrish
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Helen Jenkinson
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK;
| | - Trevor Cole
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK;
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281
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Heidenreich A, Paffenholz P, Nestler T, Tolkach Y, Pfister D. Targeted Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Male Germ Cell Tumors. Urol Int 2021; 105:720-723. [PMID: 33730730 DOI: 10.1159/000510717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ten to fifteen percent of patients with metastatic testis cancer (mGCT) will develop chemorefractory disease of which about 50% will die. We report on the integration of next generation sequencing in daily clinical practice to identify druggable mutations in metastatic lesions of 3 patients with mGCT. Mutational analysis revealed KIT D820G, TP53, and NPM1 mutations as well as mismatch repair deficiency with loss of MSH2 and MSH6 proteins so that targeted therapy with sunitinib (n = 2) or pembrolizumab (n = 1) was initiated resulting in remarkable partial remissions for 9, 12+, and 15 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Heidenreich
- Department of Urology, Uro-Oncology, Robot-Assisted and Specialized Urologic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany, .,Department of Urology, University Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria,
| | - Pia Paffenholz
- Department of Urology, Uro-Oncology, Robot-Assisted and Specialized Urologic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Nestler
- Department of Urology, Uro-Oncology, Robot-Assisted and Specialized Urologic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Urology, Military Hospital Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Yuri Tolkach
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Pfister
- Department of Urology, Uro-Oncology, Robot-Assisted and Specialized Urologic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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282
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Nikanjam M, Tinajero J, Barkauskas DA, Kurzrock R. BRAF V600E/V600K Mutations versus Nonstandard Alterations: Prognostic Implications and Therapeutic Outcomes. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1072-1079. [PMID: 33722853 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BRAF and MEK inhibitors are standard of care for BRAF V600E/K-mutated melanoma, but the benefit of BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors for nonstandard BRAF alterations for melanoma and other cancers is unclear. Patients with diverse malignancies whose cancers had undergone next-generation sequencing were screened for BRAF alterations. Demographics, treatment with BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors, clinical response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were determined from review of the electronic medical records for patients with standard BRAF V600E/K versus nonstandard BRAF alterations. A total of 213 patients with BRAF alterations (87 with nonstandard alterations) were identified; OS from diagnosis was significantly worse with nonstandard BRAF versus standard alterations, regardless of therapy [HR (95% confidence interval), 0.58 (0.38-0.88); P = 0.01]. Overall, 45 patients received BRAF/MEK-directed therapy (eight with nonstandard alterations); there were no significant differences in clinical benefit rate [stable disease ≥6 months/partial/complete response (74% vs. 63%; P = 0.39) or PFS (P = 0.24; BRAF V600E/K vs. others)]. In conclusion, patients with nonstandard versus standard BRAF alterations (BRAF V600E/K) have a worse prognosis with shorter survival from diagnosis. Even so, 63% of patients with nonstandard BRAF alterations achieved clinical benefit with BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Larger prospective studies are warranted to better understand the prognostic versus predictive implication of standard versus nonstandard BRAF alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Nikanjam
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Hematology and Oncology, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, California.
| | - Jose Tinajero
- Deparatment of Pharmacy, UC San Diego Health, San Diego, California
| | - Donald A Barkauskas
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Hematology and Oncology, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, California
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283
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Jørgensen JT. Predictive biomarkers and clinical evidence. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 128:642-648. [PMID: 33665955 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Predictive biomarkers play an important role in our efforts to individualize pharmacotherapy, and within recent years, a number of different types of assays have been introduced. These biomarkers may potentially support the selection and dosage of specific drugs in order to maximize efficacy and minimize adverse reactions in the individual patient. However, in many instances, the scientific and clinical evidence is insufficient to support the prescribing decision. When predictive biomarkers are used to guide pharmacotherapy, it is important to secure that decisions are based on solid clinical evidence. Here, the regulatory authorities, especially the FDA, have been at the forefront in relation to regulate this type of biomarker assay in order to secure patient safety. The approval process for companion diagnostics is an example of this effort, where the scientific validity of the biomarker and assay is in focus. With the approaching implementation of the new IVD Regulation, greater attention will also be paid to analytical and clinical validity of biomarker assays in the EU. For any type of predictive biomarker assay, including pharmacogenetic and tumour profiling tests, the clinical evidence needs to be in place before they are used routinely in the clinic.
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284
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Kasinathan K, Marimuthu K, Murugesan B, Samayanan S, Panchu SJ, Swart HC, Savariroyan SRI. Synthesis of biocompatible chitosan functionalized Ag decorated biocomposite for effective antibacterial and anticancer activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 178:270-282. [PMID: 33647336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) like MoS2 and WS2 are a new and interesting class of materials and show considerable promise for use in a wide variety of fields, including nanomedicine for cancer. The eco-friendly, biodegradability, toxicity, and antimicrobial activity remain an open issue. Herein, we focused on the current demands of two dimensional (2D) TMDCs and produced high-quality, few-layered MoS2 nanosheets. Noble metal Ag incorporated into the 2D-CS/MoS2 NC by the liquid exfoliated process. The manufactured CS/MoS2/Ag hybrid NC showed excellent antibacterial activity against two microorganisms such as Gram-positive (21, 27, and 33 mm) and Gram-negative bacteria (23, 30, and 39 mm). The CS/MoS2/Ag hybrid NC was designed to have significant antibacterial activity against E.coli bacteria than S.aureus. Furthermore, the hybrid NC has a 74.18% cell inhibition against MCF-7 cancer cells. According to the literature relevant, it is the first extensive experimental analysis on the nano-bio interaction of 2D TMDCs nanomaterials in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasirajan Kasinathan
- Thin Film and Nanoscience Research Lab, PG and Research Department of Physics, Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi 630 003, India
| | - Karunakaran Marimuthu
- Thin Film and Nanoscience Research Lab, PG and Research Department of Physics, Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi 630 003, India.
| | - Balaji Murugesan
- Advanced Green Chemistry Lab, Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvam Samayanan
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Jung-Gu, Pil-Dong, Seoul 100715, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarojini Jeeva Panchu
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Hendrik C Swart
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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285
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McInerney-Leo AM, Duncan EL. Massively Parallel Sequencing for Rare Genetic Disorders: Potential and Pitfalls. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 11:628946. [PMID: 33679611 PMCID: PMC7933540 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.628946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been two major eras in the history of gene discovery. The first was the era of linkage analysis, with approximately 1,300 disease-related genes identified by positional cloning by the turn of the millennium. The second era has been powered by two major breakthroughs: the publication of the human genome and the development of massively parallel sequencing (MPS). MPS has greatly accelerated disease gene identification, such that disease genes that would have taken years to map previously can now be determined in a matter of weeks. Additionally, the number of affected families needed to map a causative gene and the size of such families have fallen: de novo mutations, previously intractable by linkage analysis, can be identified through sequencing of the parent-child trio, and genes for recessive disease can be identified through MPS even of a single affected individual. MPS technologies include whole exome sequencing (WES), whole genome sequencing (WGS), and panel sequencing, each with their strengths. While WES has been responsible for most gene discoveries through MPS, WGS is superior in detecting copy number variants, chromosomal rearrangements, and repeat-rich regions. Panels are commonly used for diagnostic purposes as they are extremely cost-effective and generate manageable quantities of data, with no risk of unexpected findings. However, in instances of diagnostic uncertainty, it can be challenging to choose the right panel, and in these circumstances WES has a higher diagnostic yield. MPS has ethical, social, and legal implications, many of which are common to genetic testing generally but amplified due to the magnitude of data (e.g., relationship misattribution, identification of variants of uncertain significance, and genetic discrimination); others are unique to WES and WGS technologies (e.g., incidental or secondary findings). Nonetheless, MPS is rapidly translating into clinical practice as an extremely useful part of the clinical armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aideen M. McInerney-Leo
- Dermatology Research Centre, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma L. Duncan
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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286
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Paran Y, Liron Y, Batsir S, Mabjeesh N, Geiger B, Kam Z. Multi-parametric characterization of drug effects on cells. F1000Res 2021; 9. [PMID: 33363713 PMCID: PMC7737707 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.26254.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We present here a novel multi-parametric approach for the characterization of multiple cellular features, using images acquired by high-throughput and high-definition light microscopy. We specifically used this approach for deep and unbiased analysis of the effects of a drug library on five cultured cell lines. The presented method enables the acquisition and analysis of millions of images, of treated and control cells, followed by an automated identification of drugs inducing strong responses, evaluating the median effect concentrations and those cellular properties that are most highly affected by the drug. The tools described here provide standardized quantification of multiple attributes for systems level dissection of complex functions in normal and diseased cells, using multiple perturbations. Such analysis of cells, derived from pathological samples, may help in the diagnosis and follow-up of treatment in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Paran
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.,IDEA Biomedical Ltd., Rehovot, 76705, Israel
| | - Yuvalal Liron
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Sarit Batsir
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Nicola Mabjeesh
- Department of Urology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, 64239, Israel
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.,Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Zvi Kam
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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287
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Horgan D, Ciliberto G, Conte P, Curigliano G, Seijo L, Montuenga LM, Garassino M, Penault-Llorca F, Galli F, Ray-Coquard I, Querleu D, Riegman P, Kerr K, Van Poppel H, Bjartell A, Codacci-Pisanelli G, Koeva-Balabanova J, Paradiso A, Maravic Z, Fotaki V, Malats N, Bernini C, Buglioni S, Kent A, Munzone E, Belina I, Van Meerbeeck J, Duffy M, Jagielska B, Capoluongo E. Bringing Onco-Innovation to Europe's Healthcare Systems: The Potential of Biomarker Testing, Real World Evidence, Tumour Agnostic Therapies to Empower Personalised Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030583. [PMID: 33540773 PMCID: PMC7867284 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The increasing number of data supporting use of a personalized approach in cancer treatment, is changing the path of patient’s management. In the same time, the availability of technologies should allow patients to receive the best test for the specific individual condition. This is theoretically true, when a specific test is designed for the specific disease condition, while it is difficult to implement in the setting of agnostic therapies. Financial sources availability related to the non homogeneous health systems working in the different countries do not allow for an immediate implementation of the technologies and test commercially available. Future perspectives for targeted oncology include tumor-agnostic drugs, which target a given mutation and could be used in treating cancers from multiple organ types. Therefore, the present paper is aimed to both underline a how much important is this new view and also to sensitize the international bodies that supervise health policies at the decision-making level, with the aim of harmonizing cancer treatment pathways in at least all European countries. Abstract Rapid and continuing advances in biomarker testing are not being matched by uptake in health systems, and this is hampering both patient care and innovation. It also risks costing health systems the opportunity to make their services more efficient and, over time, more economical. The potential that genomics has brought to biomarker testing in diagnosis, prediction and research is being realised, pre-eminently in many cancers, but also in an ever-wider range of conditions—notably BRCA1/2 testing in ovarian, breast, pancreatic and prostate cancers. Nevertheless, the implementation of genetic testing in clinical routine setting is still challenging. Development is impeded by country-related heterogeneity, data deficiencies, and lack of policy alignment on standards, approval—and the role of real-world evidence in the process—and reimbursement. The acute nature of the problem is compellingly illustrated by the particular challenges facing the development and use of tumour agnostic therapies, where the gaps in preparedness for taking advantage of this innovative approach to cancer therapy are sharply exposed. Europe should already have in place a guarantee of universal access to a minimum suite of biomarker tests and should be planning for an optimum testing scenario with a wider range of biomarker tests integrated into a more sophisticated health system articulated around personalised medicine. Improving healthcare and winning advantages for Europe’s industrial competitiveness and innovation require an appropriate policy framework—starting with an update to outdated recommendations. We show herein the main issues and proposals that emerged during the previous advisory boards organised by the European Alliance for Personalized Medicine which mainly focus on possible scenarios of harmonisation of both oncogenetic testing and management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Horgan
- European Alliance for Personalized Medicine, Avenue de l’Armee/ Legerlaan 10, 1040 Brussels, Belgium;
- Correspondence: (D.H.); (E.C.)
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Regina Elena”, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Pierfranco Conte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milano and European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20139 Milano, Italy;
| | - Luis Seijo
- Pulmonary Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Calle Marquesado de Sta. Marta, 1, 28027 Madrid, Spain;
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M. Montuenga
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Schools of Sciences and Medicine, University of Navarra, Av. de Pío XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- CIBERONC, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marina Garassino
- S.S. Oncologia Medica Toraco Polmonare, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Via Giacomo Venezian, 1, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Frederique Penault-Llorca
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, University of Clermont-Auvergne, 49 bd François Mitterrand, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Fabrizia Galli
- Associazione aBRCAdaBRA Onlus Via Volontari Italiani del Sangue, 32, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Isabelle Ray-Coquard
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre Leon Bérard & Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France;
| | - Denis Querleu
- Surgery Department, Institut Bergonié Cancer Center, Centre Léon Bérard Cheney D- 2 ème étage -28 Rue Laennec, 69373 Lyon, France;
| | - Peter Riegman
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Be 235b, Dr Molwaterplein 50, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Keith Kerr
- Department of Pathology, University of Aberdeen, King’s College, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK;
| | - Hein Van Poppel
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Urology, Skane University Hospital, Box 117, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Giovanni Codacci-Pisanelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Rome, “la Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | | | - Angelo Paradiso
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale Orazio Flacco, 65, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Zorana Maravic
- Digestive Cancers Europe, Rue de la Loi 235, 1040 Brussels, Belgium; (Z.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Vassiliki Fotaki
- Digestive Cancers Europe, Rue de la Loi 235, 1040 Brussels, Belgium; (Z.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Nuria Malats
- CIBERONC, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Chiara Bernini
- European Alliance for Personalized Medicine, Avenue de l’Armee/ Legerlaan 10, 1040 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Simonetta Buglioni
- IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Regina Elena”, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Alastair Kent
- Independent Patient Advocate, 14 Farthing Road Downham Market, Norfolk PE38 0AF, UK;
| | - Elisabetta Munzone
- Division of Medical Senology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milano, Italy;
| | - Ivica Belina
- KUZ-Coalition of Association in Healthcare, Trpimirova 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Jan Van Meerbeeck
- Thoracic Oncology-MOCA, University Hospital Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
| | - Michael Duffy
- UCD School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Beata Jagielska
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Wawelska 15 B, 00-001 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Ettore Capoluongo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.H.); (E.C.)
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288
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Gentile M, Centonza A, Lovero D, Palmirotta R, Porta C, Silvestris F, D'Oronzo S. Application of "omics" sciences to the prediction of bone metastases from breast cancer: State of the art. J Bone Oncol 2021; 26:100337. [PMID: 33240786 PMCID: PMC7672315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent malignancy and the first cause of cancer-related death in women. The majority of patients with advanced BC develop skeletal metastases which may ultimately lead to serious complications, termed skeletal-related events, that often dramatically impact on quality of life and survival. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers able to stratify BC patient risk to develop bone metastases (BM) is fundamental to define personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, possibly at the earliest stages of the disease. In this regard, the advent of "omics" sciences boosted the investigation of several putative biomarkers of BC osteotropism, including deregulated genes, proteins and microRNAs. The present review revisits the current knowledge on BM development in BC and the most recent studies exploring potential BM-predicting biomarkers, based on the application of omics sciences to the study of primary breast malignancies.
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Key Words
- ADAMTS1, a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- BALP (BSAP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase
- BC, breast cancer
- BM, bone metastases
- BOLCs, breast osteoblast-like cells
- BTM, bone turnover markers
- Biomarkers
- Bone metastases
- Breast cancer
- CAPG, capping-protein
- CCN3, cellular communication network factor 3
- CDH11, cadherin-11
- CNV, copy number variation
- CTGF, connective tissue-derived growth factor
- CTSK, cathepsin K
- CTX, C-telopeptide
- CXCL, C-X-C-ligand
- CXCR, C–X–C motif chemokine receptor
- DEGs, differentially expressed genes
- DOCK4, dedicator of cytokinesis protein 4
- DPD, deoxypyridoline
- DTC, disseminated tumour cells
- EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- ER, estrogen receptor
- ERRα, estrogen-related receptor alpha
- FAK, focal adhesion kinase
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FST, follistatin
- GIPC1, PDZ domain-containing protein member 1
- HR, hazard ratio
- Her, human epidermal growth factor
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1
- IGF, insulin-like growth factor
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- IL, interleukin
- LC/MS/MS, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry
- MAF, v-maf avian muscolo aponeurotic fibro-sarcoma oncogene homolog
- MDA-MB, MD Anderson metastatic BC
- MMP1, matrix metalloproteinase-1
- NTX, N-telopeptide
- OPG, osteoprotegerin
- Omics sciences
- Osteotropism
- P1CP, pro-collagen type I C-terminal
- P1NP, pro-collagen type I N-terminal
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PRG1, proteoglycan-1
- PTH-rP, parathyroid hormone-related protein
- PYD, pyridoline
- PgR, progesterone receptor
- PlGF, placental growth factor
- RANK, receptor activator of nuclear factor к-B
- RT-PCR, real time-PCR
- SILAC-MS, stable isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture-mass spectrometry
- SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms
- SPP1, osteopontin
- SREs, skeletal-related events
- TCGA, the cancer genome atlas
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- TRACP-5b, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-5b
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- ZNF217, zinc-finger protein 217
- miRNAs, microRNAs
- ncRNAs, noncoding RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Gentile
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Centonza
- “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Onco-hematologic Department, Medical Oncology Unit, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Domenica Lovero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Camillo Porta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Stella D'Oronzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
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289
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Buzdin A, Skvortsova II, Li X, Wang Y. Editorial: Next Generation Sequencing Based Diagnostic Approaches in Clinical Oncology. Front Oncol 2021; 10:635555. [PMID: 33585258 PMCID: PMC7876435 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.635555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Buzdin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Translational Genome Bioinformatics Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Moscow, Russia.,Research Department, OmicsWay Corp., Walnut, CA, United States
| | - Ira Ida Skvortsova
- Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Group for Experimental and Translational Radiooncology, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria.,PathoBiology Group, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xinmin Li
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Technology Center for Genomics & Bioinformatics, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ye Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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290
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Zhang Y, Chung SF, Tam SY, Leung YC, Guan X. Arginine deprivation as a strategy for cancer therapy: An insight into drug design and drug combination. Cancer Lett 2021; 502:58-70. [PMID: 33429005 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extensive studies have shown that cancer cells have specific nutrient auxotrophy and thus have much a higher demand for certain nutrients than normal cells. Amino acid deprivation has attracted much attention in cancer therapy with positive outcomes from clinical trials. Arginine, as one of the conditionally essential amino acids, plays a pivotal role in cellular division and metabolism. Since many types of cancer cells exhibit decreased expression of argininosuccinate synthetase and/or ornithine transcarbamylase, they are auxotrophic for arginine, which makes arginine deprivation an accessible choice for cancer treatment. Arginine deiminase (ADI) and human arginase (hArg) are the two major protein drugs used for arginine deprivation and are undergoing many clinical trials. However, the clinical application of ADI and hArg is facing some common problems, including their short half-lives, immunogenicity and inconsistent production, which underlines the importance of improving these drugs using protein engineering techniques. Thus, we systematically review the latest studies of protein engineering and anti-cancer studies based on in vitro, in vivo and clinical models of ADI and hArg, and we include the latest studies on drug combinations consisting of ADI/hArg with chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Lo Ka Chung Research Center for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Food Rapid Detection, Shanghai, China
| | - Sai-Fung Chung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Lo Ka Chung Research Center for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suet-Ying Tam
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Lo Ka Chung Research Center for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun-Chung Leung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Lo Ka Chung Research Center for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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291
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Patel TK, Adhikari N, Amin SA, Biswas S, Jha T, Ghosh B. Small molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs): an emerging strategy for anticancer drug design and discovery. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04134c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of how SMDCs work. Small molecule drugs are conjugated with the targeted ligand using pH sensitive linkers which allow the drug molecule to get released at lower lysosomal pH. It helps to accumulate the chemotherapeutic agents to be localized in the tumor environment upon cleaving of the pH-labile bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kumar Patel
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy
- BITS-Pilani
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Nilanjan Adhikari
- Natural Science Laboratory
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
| | - Sk. Abdul Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
| | - Swati Biswas
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy
- BITS-Pilani
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy
- BITS-Pilani
- Hyderabad
- India
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292
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Piña-Sánchez P, Chávez-González A, Ruiz-Tachiquín M, Vadillo E, Monroy-García A, Montesinos JJ, Grajales R, Gutiérrez de la Barrera M, Mayani H. Cancer Biology, Epidemiology, and Treatment in the 21st Century: Current Status and Future Challenges From a Biomedical Perspective. Cancer Control 2021; 28:10732748211038735. [PMID: 34565215 PMCID: PMC8481752 DOI: 10.1177/10732748211038735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the second half of the 20th century, our knowledge about the biology of cancer has made extraordinary progress. Today, we understand cancer at the genomic and epigenomic levels, and we have identified the cell that starts neoplastic transformation and characterized the mechanisms for the invasion of other tissues. This knowledge has allowed novel drugs to be designed that act on specific molecular targets, the immune system to be trained and manipulated to increase its efficiency, and ever more effective therapeutic strategies to be developed. Nevertheless, we are still far from winning the war against cancer, and thus biomedical research in oncology must continue to be a global priority. Likewise, there is a need to reduce unequal access to medical services and improve prevention programs, especially in countries with a low human development index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Piña-Sánchez
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
| | | | - Martha Ruiz-Tachiquín
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vadillo
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
| | - Alberto Monroy-García
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
| | - Juan José Montesinos
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
| | - Rocío Grajales
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
| | - Marcos Gutiérrez de la Barrera
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
- Clinical Research Division, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
| | - Hector Mayani
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
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293
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Metastasis-directed therapy for oligometastasis and beyond. Br J Cancer 2020; 124:136-141. [PMID: 33204024 PMCID: PMC7782796 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-directed therapy (MDT)-local therapy that is intended to eradicate specific metastatic lesions-has hitherto been used with varying degrees of clinical efficacy and acceptance as a meaningful therapy for metastatic disease. Over the past 25 years, however, the momentum for using MDT to manage patients with metastatic solid tumours has increased, driven by several factors. Among these factors is the recognition that patients with limited metastatic burden could potentially derive survival benefits from MDT. Furthermore, although current systemic therapies are increasingly effective, they are infrequently curative. In addition, technological advances have broadened the spectrum of metastatic lesions that can be treated with ablative intent. Here we aim to briefly review the status of evidence for the clinical benefit of MDT based on current data mainly from trials in patients with oligometastatic disease, discuss the myriad of clinical states that might fall under and beyond the definition of oligometastasis, review technological advances in MDT and their applications beyond oligometastasis, and discuss the need for the continued co-evolution of MDT and systemic therapy as we seek to understand which patients with metastatic cancer can achieve durable remission and how to optimally manage those who cannot.
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294
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Yang H, Xu D, Schmid RA, Peng RW. Biomarker-guided targeted and immunotherapies in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920971421. [PMID: 33240401 PMCID: PMC7672749 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920971421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a lethal thoracic malignancy whose incidence is still increasing worldwide. MPM is characterized by frequent inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs), e.g., the homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/2B and various genetic alterations that inactivate BAP1, NF2, LATS1/2, and TP53. The leading cause for the poor prognosis of patients with MPM is the lack of effective treatment options, with conventional chemotherapy being the standard of care in the clinic, which has remained unchanged for almost 20 years. Precision oncology, a burgeoning effort to provide precise cancer treatment tailored to unique molecular changes in individual patients, has made tremendous progress in the last decade in several cancers, but not in MPM. Recent studies indicate a high degree of tumor heterogeneity in MPM and the importance to optimize histological and molecular classifications for improved treatment. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of recent advances in MPM by focusing on new stratifications of tumor subgroups, specific vulnerabilities associated with functional loss of TSGs and other biomarkers, and potential clinical implications. The molecularly based subdivisions not only deepen our understanding of MPM pathobiology, but more importantly, they may raise unprecedented new hopes for personalized treatment of MPM patients with biomarker-guided targeted and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitang Yang
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duo Xu
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ralph A. Schmid
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | - Ren-Wang Peng
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
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295
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Xu B, Alminawi S, Boulianne P, Shang YM, Downes MR, Slodkowska E. The impact of pre-analytical parameters on class II biomarkers by immunohistochemistry: concordance across four tissue processing protocols. Virchows Arch 2020; 478:985-993. [PMID: 33175216 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the modern era of precision medicine, a number of class II immunohistochemistry (IHC) biomarkers are routinely tested in pathologic laboratories to select cancer patients who may be candidates for hormonal, targeted, and immune therapies. Pre-analytical factors, including tissue processing, are critical components of biomarker testing and require validation to ensure reliable results. In this study, we aimed to study the impact of tissue processing on biomarkers (including ER, PR, HER2, mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, BRAF V600E, and PD-L1) in a large prospective cohort of 109 tumors. We found that ER and MMR were not impacted; PR, HER2, and BRAF V600E were minimally affected; and PD-L1 regardless of the antibody clone was strongly influenced by a combination of tissue processing procedures and intratumoral heterogeneity. Our findings suggest that validation of pre-analytical parameters, such as tissue processing, is important for certain class II biomarkers, in particular PD-L1 IHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samira Alminawi
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Laboratory Medicine & Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patrice Boulianne
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Laboratory Medicine & Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yan Ming Shang
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Laboratory Medicine & Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle R Downes
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Laboratory Medicine & Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elzbieta Slodkowska
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Laboratory Medicine & Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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296
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Gao Y, Chen S, Vafaei S, Zhong X. Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cell Signature Predicts the Prognosis and Chemosensitivity of Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:557638. [PMID: 33102222 PMCID: PMC7545319 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.557638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Tumor-infiltrating immune cells might add a predictive value for the prognostic stratification of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and chemotherapy response. We aimed to develop a prognostic model based on the tumor-infiltrating immune cell signature to improve the prediction of survival and chemotherapy benefits of patients with PDAC. Methods The abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells for 661 patients with PDAC from four different cohorts with survival data was collected in the training cohorts. Cox regression analysis and meta-analysis of immune cells were conducted to generate the tumor immune cell score (TICS) for prognostic stratification. Other two independent cohorts including 188 patients were then used to validate the model. Those patients who underwent chemotherapy were used to further analyze the value of TICS for predicting the chemotherapy response. Furthermore, the difference in the somatic mutations and immune-related molecules between the TICS subgroups was analyzed. Results 6 out of 28 immune cells were found to be significantly associated with PDAC prognosis in the training cohorts (all P < 0.05). The developed TICS could significantly predict the PDAC survival and chemotherapy benefit both in the training and the external validation cohorts (log-rank test, P < 0.05). Significant differences were found in different TICS subgroups in terms of the immune characteristics, checkpoint genes, and tumor mutational burden. Functional and pathway analyses further proved that the TICS was significantly related to the tumor immunity response in patients with PDAC. Conclusion TICS might be used to predict PDAC patients with a better survival and greater chemotherapy benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Gao
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shipeng Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Somayeh Vafaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Xiaoli Zhong
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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297
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Louie BH, Kurzrock R. BAP1: Not just a BRCA1-associated protein. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 90:102091. [PMID: 32877777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1-Associated Protein 1 (BAP1) is a ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase that has been established as a tumor suppressor, utilizing its deubiquitinating activity to regulate a number of processes including DNA damage repair, cell cycle control, chromatin modification, programmed cell death, and the immune response. Mutations in the BAP1 gene commonly result in a number of aggressive cancers; predominantly uveal melanoma, malignant mesothelioma, renal cell carcinoma, and cutaneous melanoma. Importantly, germline mutations in the BAP1 gene have been established as a novel tumor predisposition syndrome, conferring an increased risk of hereditary, early-onset cancers. Current treatment options for cancers with BAP1 alterations are limited to standard therapies. However, several therapeutic avenues have been proposed to specifically target BAP1 alterations in cancer. Molecularly targeted approaches include histone deacetylase inhibitors and EZH2 inhibitors to target the role of BAP1 in chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation, respectively. PARP inhibitors and platinum chemotherapy agents have the potential to target BAP1-altered tumors, due to the role of BAP1 in DNA damage repair. Lastly, emerging reports suggest that BAP1 alterations in cancer confer distinct immunogenic phenotypes that may be particularly susceptible to novel cancer immunotherapies. This review aims to present a concise and up to date report on the BAP1 gene in cancer, surveying its functional roles, characteristics and clinical manifestations. Furthermore, we highlight the established and emerging therapeutic options for BAP1-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan H Louie
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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298
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Takahashi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma Univ. Grad. School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Judy Varner
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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