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Frydrych AM, Slack-Smith LM, Parsons R, Threlfall T. Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma - characteristics and survival in aboriginal and non-aboriginal Western australians. Open Dent J 2014; 8:168-74. [PMID: 25328552 PMCID: PMC4200744 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601408010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common type of malignancy affecting the oral cavity. While exposures to main risk factors for oral SCC such as smoking and alcohol use are higher amongst the Aboriginal people, little is known about oral cancer in this population. This study aimed to describe characteristics and survival of oral SCC in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Western Australians. Methods: All primary oral SCC cases reported to the Western Australian Cancer Registry (WACR) between 1990 and 1999 were analysed with respect to person characteristics including: date of birth, sex and indigenous status; and disease characteristics including: date of biopsy, disease stage and site as well as date of recurrence and date of death. Exclusion criteria included diagnosis not based on incisional or excisional biopsy, diagnosis other than oral SCC or a history of another malignant neoplasm. Results: Aboriginal individuals were more likely to reside in rural areas. No statistically significant differences in oral SCC characteristics and survival were noted between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Western Australians. Conclusion: This study provides new information on person and disease characteristics of Aboriginal Western Australians diagnosed with oral SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Frydrych
- School of Dentistry M512, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - L M Slack-Smith
- School of Dentistry M512, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - R Parsons
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - T Threlfall
- Western Australian Cancer Registry, Department of Health (WA) Perth, Western Australia
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252
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Finnigan JP, Sikora AG. Counseling the patient with potentially HPV-related newly diagnosed head and neck cancer. Curr Oncol Rep 2014; 16:375. [PMID: 24488548 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-013-0375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The recent emergence of a clinically distinct subset of head and neck cancers (HNC) caused by infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) necessitates critical reevaluation of the existing counseling paradigm for patients with newly diagnosed HNC. Herein we propose a structural framework for patient counseling in which HPV testing is incorporated and the impact of HPV-status is discussed in the context of multiple medical and psychosocial domains. We strive to maintain a balance between making recommendations based on the best available scientific evidence and acknowledgment of uncertainty for both patients and providers. We anticipate that both the standard-of-care diagnostic workup and treatment, and counseling guidelines for these patients will change rapidly in the years ahead, as data from ongoing and planned prospective clinical trials become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Finnigan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA,
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253
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Shigehara K, Sasagawa T, Namiki M. Human papillomavirus infection and pathogenesis in urothelial cells: a mini-review. J Infect Chemother 2014; 20:741-7. [PMID: 25271131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2014.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Several recent studies described that high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection could have a potential role in the development of malignancies other than cervical cancer, such as laryngeal carcinoma, penile carcinoma, and anal carcinoma. However, the etiological role of HPV infection in the pathogenesis of urinary tract has not been clarified. Many epidemiological studies demonstrated that HPV infections frequently occur in the external genitalia through sexual contact; however, it was reported that HPV infection could also occur in the urinary tract, including the urethra and urinary bladder. Some morphological changes of cells associated with HPV infection and mild atypical cells, suspected to be intraneoplasia, were seen in HPV-positive samples obtained from the urinary tract. Some clinical studies and meta-analysis have indicated that HPV infection is likely to have a certain etiological correlation with the development of bladder carcinoma, although its prevalence may vary according to HPV type, study population, region, histological type, detection methods, and other variables. According to the results of previous studies, the prevalence of HPV greatly widely varies in cases of bladder carcinoma. Further research by case-control or large-scales studies is thus required to reach a more definite conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshiyuki Sasagawa
- Department of Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Mikio Namiki
- Departments of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
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254
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Xu Y, Liu S, Yi H, Wang J, Luo Y, Yin S. Low prevalence of human papillomavirus in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese patients. J Med Virol 2014; 87:281-6. [PMID: 25156555 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery; Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
- Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai China
| | - Suru Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai China
- Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai China
| | - Hongliang Yi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai China
- Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai China
| | - Jiadong Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery; Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
- Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai China
| | - Yanli Luo
- Department of Pathology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai China
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai China
- Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai China
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255
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Djajadiningrat RS, Jordanova ES, Kroon BK, van Werkhoven E, de Jong J, Pronk DTM, Snijders PJF, Horenblas S, Heideman DAM. Human papillomavirus prevalence in invasive penile cancer and association with clinical outcome. J Urol 2014; 193:526-31. [PMID: 25150641 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The incidence of penile cancer is increasing, and is suggested to be explained by changes in sexual practice and increased exposure of men to sexually transmitted high risk human papillomavirus infection. In penile cancers from a Dutch population treated in 1963 to 2001 we found a high risk human papillomavirus prevalence of about 30%. In this study we assessed the prevalence of high risk human papillomavirus-DNA in a more recent, contemporary penile cancer cohort and its association with patient survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS High risk human papillomavirus-DNA presence was assessed by GP5+6+ polymerase chain reaction in 212 formalin fixed, paraffin embedded invasive penile tumor specimens of patients treated between 2001 and 2009. The 5-year disease specific survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method with the log rank test and Cox regression. RESULTS High risk human papillomavirus-DNA was detected in a subset of penile cancer cases (25%, 95% CI 19-31). HPV16 was the predominant type, representing 79% (42 of 53) of all high risk human papillomavirus infections. The 5-year disease specific survival in the high risk human papillomavirus negative group and the high risk human papillomavirus positive group was 82% and 96%, respectively (log rank test p=0.016). Adjusted for stage, grade, lymphovascular invasion and age, human papillomavirus status was still prognostic for disease specific survival (p=0.030) with a hazard ratio of 0.2 (95% CI 0.1-0.9). CONCLUSIONS High risk human papillomavirus-DNA was observed in a quarter of penile cancer cases. No relevant increase in high risk human papillomavirus prevalence in recent decades was observed. The presence of high risk human papillomavirus-DNA in penile cancer confers a survival advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ekaterina S Jordanova
- Centre for Gynaecologic Oncology Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bin K Kroon
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik van Werkhoven
- Department of Biometrics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Jong
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Divera T M Pronk
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J F Snijders
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Horenblas
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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256
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Sharp L, McDevitt J, Carsin AE, Brown C, Comber H. Smoking at Diagnosis Is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Cancer-Specific Survival in Head and Neck Cancer: Findings from a Large, Population-Based Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:2579-90. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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257
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Jiang R, Ekshyyan O, Moore-Medlin T, Rong X, Nathan S, Gu X, Abreo F, Rosenthal EL, Shi M, Guidry JT, Scott RS, Hutt-Fletcher LM, Nathan CAO. Association between human papilloma virus/Epstein-Barr virus coinfection and oral carcinogenesis. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:28-36. [PMID: 25040496 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent epidemic of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) has not addressed its association with lymphoid tissue in the oropharynx or the potential role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)/HPV coinfection. METHODS The prevalence of HPV and EBV infection/coinfection and CD21 mRNA expression were determined in normal and cancerous tissues from the oropharynx using in situ hybridization (ISH), p16, and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). The effects of coinfection on tumorigenicity were evaluated using proliferation and invasion assays. RESULTS Normal oropharynx, tonsil, non-cancer base of tongue (BOT), and BOT from sleep apnea patients demonstrated EBV positivity ranging from 7% to 36% depending on the site and methods of detection used (qRT-PCR or ISH). Among non-malignant BOT samples, HPV positivity was noted only in 20%. The percent of tonsil and BOT cancers positive for HPV (up to 63% and 80%, respectively) or coinfected with HPV/EBV (up to 25% and 70%, respectively) were both significantly associated with cancer status. Notably, HPV/EBV coinfection was observed only in malignant tissue originating in lymphoid-rich oropharynx sites (tonsil, BOT). CD21 mRNA (the major EBV attachment receptor) was detected in tonsil and BOT epithelium, but not in soft-palate epithelium. Coinfected cell lines showed a significant increase in invasiveness (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of HPV/EBV infection and coinfection in BOT and tonsil cancers, possibly reflecting their origins in lymphoid-rich tissue. In vitro, cells modeling coinfection have an increased invasive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, LSUHSC, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Clinical Teaching and Training, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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258
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Krupar R, Robold K, Gaag D, Spanier G, Kreutz M, Renner K, Hellerbrand C, Hofstaedter F, Bosserhoff AK. Immunologic and metabolic characteristics of HPV-negative and HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are strikingly different. Virchows Arch 2014; 465:299-312. [PMID: 25027580 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An HPV infection is involved in the etiology of about 25 % of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). It has been postulated that a strong antitumoral immune response in HPV-positive tumors represents an important underlying mechanism for their good response to therapy. Recently, the Warburg phenomenon has returned to the center of attention because it affects antitumoral immune response and response to therapy. Accumulation of tumor cell-derived lactate inhibits cytotoxic T cells, as these, analogous to cancer cells, depend on glycolysis and lactate secretion for fulfillment of energy needs. Sparse information exists on the Warburg effect in HNSCC. This study aimed to characterize the metabolic and immunological features of HPV-negative and HPV-positive HNSCC. An immunohistochemical analysis of oropharyngeal carcinomas showed an enhanced antitumoral immune response (CD8/CD4 ratio) together with increased levels of proteins involved in transmembranous metabolite transportation (GLUT1 and CD147) and respiratory metabolism (COX5B) in HPV-positive tumors as compared to HPV-negative tumors. mRNA and Western blot analyses of an HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC cell line revealed metabolic characteristics similar to the in vivo situation. Additionally, the HPV-negative cell line showed stronger extracellular lactate accumulation. In contrast, the HPV-positive cell line presented with better adaption to lactic acidosis suggesting an ability to metabolize lactate. Our results indicate that HPV-positive and HPV-negative carcinomas do not only differ in terms of tumor immune microenvironment, but also in terms of tumor metabolism, characterized by an increased glucose and respiratory metabolism together with decreased lactate accumulation in HPV-positive HNSCC. Therefore, targeting metabolic pathways could represent a promising adjunct in the therapy of HPV-positive HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie Krupar
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany,
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259
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Vatca M, Lucas JT, Laudadio J, D'Agostino RB, Waltonen JD, Sullivan CA, Rouchard-Plasser R, Matsangou M, Browne JD, Greven KM, Porosnicu M. Retrospective analysis of the impact of HPV status and smoking on mucositis in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:869-76. [PMID: 24998139 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The standard concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy regimens for patients with oropharyngeal cancer are highly toxic. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has recently emerged as a distinct biological and clinical entity with improved response to treatment and prognosis. A tailored therapeutic approach is needed to optimize patient care. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of HPV and smoking status on early toxicities (primarily mucositis) associated with concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients with OPSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 72 consecutive patients with OPSCC and known HPV status treated with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy at our institution. Treatment-related toxicities were stratified by smoking and HPV status and compared using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS HPV-positive patients had a 6.86-fold increase in the risk of having severe, grade 3-4 mucositis. This effect was preserved after adjusting for patient smoking status, nodal stage, radiotherapy technique and radiotherapy maximum dose. Additionally, HPV status had significant effect on the objective weight loss during treatment and at three months after treatment. Consistently, non-smokers had a significant 2.70-fold increase in the risk of developing severe mucositis. CONCLUSION Risk factors for OPSCC modify the incidence of treatment-related early toxicities, with HPV-positive and non-smoking status correlating with increased risk of high grade mucositis and associated outcomes. Retrospective single-institution studies need to be interpreted cautiously. However, this finding is important to consider when designing therapeutic strategies for HPV-positive patients and merits further investigation in prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vatca
- Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - J T Lucas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - J Laudadio
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - R B D'Agostino
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - J D Waltonen
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - C A Sullivan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - R Rouchard-Plasser
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - M Matsangou
- Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - J D Browne
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - K M Greven
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - M Porosnicu
- Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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260
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Braakhuis BJ, Leemans CR, Visser O. Incidence and survival trends of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in the Netherlands between 1989 and 2011. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:670-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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261
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Hess CB, Rash DL, Daly ME, Farwell DG, Bishop J, Vaughan AT, Wilson MD, Chen AM. Competing causes of death and medical comorbidities among patients with human papillomavirus-positive vs human papillomavirus-negative oropharyngeal carcinoma and impact on adherence to radiotherapy. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014; 140:312-6. [PMID: 24526276 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2013.6732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Survival of patients with head and neck cancer can be affected by competing causes of mortality, as well as comorbidities that result in radiation treatment interruptions. OBJECTIVE To discern how differences in preexisting medical and psychosocial comorbidities potentially influence adherence to radiation therapy according to human papillomavirus (HPV) status. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective analysis at a comprehensive cancer center of 162 consecutive patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx treated with primary chemoradiation (n = 95) or primary surgery followed by adjuvant radiation (n = 67). Immunostaining for p16 was used to determine HPV status. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Difference in alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use was compared between patients with HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors, as well as the prevalence of the following comorbidities: diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), anxiety disorder, and major depression. The number of total missed treatment days was analyzed as both a continuous and categorical variable. RESULTS Rates of self-reported heavy alcohol use (47% vs 16%; P = .02) and any marijuana use (47% vs 23%; P = .003) were significantly higher among HPV-negative patients. Fifty-four percent of HPV-positive patients self-identified as never smokers, compared with only 12% of HPV-negative patients (P < .001). HPV-negative patients had more missed treatment days (mean, 2.8 vs 1.7 days; P = .02), as well as an increased rate of at least 5 missed days (24% vs 10%; P = .04), and higher prevalences of COPD (12% vs 7%; P = .37) and anxiety disorder (12% vs 6%; P = .35). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Pronounced differences exist in lifestyle habits between patients with HPV-negative and HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer at diagnosis. These differences, as well as those of medical and psychosocial burden, may contribute to observed discrepancies in treatment adherence and need to be considered in outcomes reporting and clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton B Hess
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento
| | - Dominique L Rash
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento
| | - Megan E Daly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento
| | - D Gregory Farwell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento
| | - John Bishop
- Department of Pathology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento
| | - Andrew T Vaughan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento
| | - Machelle D Wilson
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento
| | - Allen M Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento
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262
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Agarwal G, Gupta S, Spiess PE. Novel targeted therapies for the treatment of penile cancer. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:959-68. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.925875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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263
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Polednak AP. Inaccuracies in oral cavity-pharynx cancer coded as the underlying cause of death on U.S. death certificates, and trends in mortality rates (1999-2010). Oral Oncol 2014; 50:732-9. [PMID: 24862544 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To enhance surveillance of mortality from oral cavity-pharynx cancer (OCPC) by considering inaccuracies in the cancer site coded as the underlying cause of death on death certificates vs. cancer site in a population-based cancer registry (as the gold standard). METHODS A database was used for 9 population-based cancer registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program, including deaths in 1999-2010 for patients diagnosed in 1973-2010. Numbers of deaths and death rates for OCPC in the SEER population were modified for apparent inaccuracies in the cancer site coded as the underlying cause of death. RESULTS For age groups <65 years, deaths from OCPC were underestimated by 22-35% by using unmodified (vs. modified) numbers, but temporal declines in death rates were still evident in the SEER population and were similar to declines using routine mortality data for the entire U.S. population. Deaths were underestimated by about 70-80% using underlying cause for tonsillar cancers, strongly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, but a lack of decline in death rates was still evident. CONCLUSION Routine mortality statistics based on underlying cause of death underestimate OCPC deaths but demonstrate trends in OCPC death rates that require continued surveillance in view of increasing incidence rates for HPV-related OCPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Polednak
- Connecticut Tumor Registry, Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, CT, United States (Retired).
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264
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Rajkumar K, Nandhini G, Ramya R, Rajashree P, Kumar AR, Anandan SN. Validation of the diagnostic utility of salivary interleukin 8 in the differentiation of potentially malignant oral lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma in a region with high endemicity. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 118:309-19. [PMID: 24950604 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical utility of salivary interleukin 8 (IL-8) in the differential diagnosis of potentially malignant lesions (PMLs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in a region with high oral cancer prevalence. STUDY DESIGN Saliva and blood samples were collected from 100 participants in each group (OSCC, PMLs, and healthy controls). Serum and salivary IL-8 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. RESULTS A significant increase in levels of serum and salivary IL-8 was found in OSCC compared with PMLs and healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis found salivary IL-8 to have superior sensitivity in detecting OSCC. A significant increase in IL-8 levels based on the histologic grading of OSCC was also observed. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that salivary IL-8 can be a potent marker that can be used as a tool in the differential diagnosis of PMLs and OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rajkumar
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SRM Dental College, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - G Nandhini
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SRM Dental College, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Ramya
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SRM Dental College, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Rajashree
- Research Faculty, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SRM Dental College, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Ramesh Kumar
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SRM Dental College, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Nirmala Anandan
- Professor, Department of Biochemistry, SRM Dental College, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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265
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Görögh T, Quabius ES, Meyer P, Hoffmann M. Characterisation of seven newly established head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 272:1251-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-3073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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266
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Abstract
Oropharyngeal carcinomas, contrary to other head and neck carcinomas are of increasing frequency, mostly due to a frequent association with human papillomavirus infection. Pluridisciplinary management is necessary. New techniques as transoral surgery or intensity-modulated radiation therapy have the potential to reduce toxicities and morbidity while offering equivalent local control rates. Early stages may be treated with single modality treatment (surgery or radiotherapy) with five-year overall survival rate exceeding 80%. Advanced stages need therapeutic associations and five-years survival rates are inferior to 40%.
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267
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Schröck A, Bode M, Göke FJM, Bareiss PM, Schairer R, Wang H, Weichert W, Franzen A, Kirsten R, van Bremen T, Queisser A, Kristiansen G, Heasley L, Bootz F, Lengerke C, Perner S. Expression and role of the embryonic protein SOX2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1636-42. [PMID: 24743512 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, SOX2 has been identified as a potential lineage-specific oncogene in lung squamous cell carcinomas. Since head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are morphologically and clinically highly related to lung squamous cell carcinomas, we hypothesized that SOX2 also plays an oncogenic role in this tumor entity. We assembled a cohort of 496 patients with HNSCC, including 253 metastases and 135 recurrences. SOX2 amplification (FISH) and SOX2 protein expression (immunohistochemistry) were correlated with molecular and clinicopathological parameters. In order to investigate the functional role of SOX2 in human HNSCC, SOX2 knockdown and overexpression in SCC-25 cells were generated by lentiviral constructs and subjected to cell cycle analysis, proliferation and apoptosis assays. Furthermore, SOX2 expression was correlated with the expression of proliferation and apoptosis-related proteins in primary HNSCC samples. SOX2 amplification was detected in 21% of primary HNSCC and mostly observed in a concordant manner between primary tumors and corresponding metastatic tissues. Overall, SOX2 amplification resulted in protein overexpression and was mutually exclusive with human papillomavirus infection. SOX2 protein overexpression was associated with clinicopathological parameters of worse outcome. Functionally, SOX2 induced the expression of the antiapoptotic protein BCL-2 and enhanced resistance to apoptosis-inducing agents including cisplatin, indicating SOX2 as a mediator of therapy resistance in human HNSCC. Targeting SOX2 and related molecular downstream pathways such as BCL-2 may enhance therapy efficacy in SOX2-expressing HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schröck
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany, Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maike Bode
- Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Friederike Johanna Maria Göke
- Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Rebekka Schairer
- Medical Center II, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hui Wang
- Medical Center II, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and
| | - Alina Franzen
- Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Kirsten
- Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias van Bremen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Angela Queisser
- Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lynn Heasley
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Friedrich Bootz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Medical Center II, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany,
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268
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Oral and cervical HPV infection in HIV-positive and HIV-negative women attending a sexual health clinic in São Paulo, Brazil. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2014; 126:33-6. [PMID: 24792407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of HPV infections in the oral and cervical mucosa of HIV-positive and HIV-negative women attending a sexual health clinic. METHODS One-hundred HIV-positive women and 100 HIV-negative women were recruited from a sexual health clinic in São Paulo, Brazil. All participants were given an oral and cervical examination. Cytologic samples were evaluated via HPV DNA test. RESULTS In oral samples, HPV DNA was observed in 11 women from the HIV-positive group and 2 from the HIV-negative group. High-risk HPV subtypes were prevalent in both groups and no difference between groups was detected. HPV DNA was detected in cervical scrapings from 41 HIV-positive women and 45 HIV-negative women (P=0.67). No participants showed oral lesions, whereas 15 HIV-positive and 17 HIV-negative women presented with macroscopic genital lesions. CONCLUSION HPV is detected more often in cervical scrapings than in oral samples. However, HPV oral shedding is more frequent in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative individuals. Concurrence of infection (high and low risk) was not observed in oral and cervical mucosa.
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269
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Al Moustafa AE, Ghabreau L, Akil N, Rastam S, Alachkar A, Yasmeen A. High-Risk HPVs and Human Carcinomas in the Syrian Population. Front Oncol 2014; 4:68. [PMID: 24765613 PMCID: PMC3980109 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection; persistent infection with high-risk types of HPV present a major risk factor for the initiation and progression of a variety of human carcinomas including cervical, colorectal, head, and neck (HN) as well as breast carcinomas. A huge number of studies investigated and reported the incidence of high-risk HPVs in these cancers worldwide particularly in the developed countries; therefore, two HPV prophylactic vaccines against the two most frequent high-risk HPV types (16 and 18) have been developed and used worldwide. However, there are very limited studies about the prevalence of HPVs in the developing countries especially in Africa and some states of the Middle East. In this mini review, we outline the presence of high-risk HPVs in human cervical, colorectal, HN as well as breast cancers in the Syrian population, which was recently explored for the first time by a Canadian/Syrian group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- ABS Research and Development , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Oncology Department, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Concordia University , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Syrian Research Cancer Centre of the Syrian Society against Cancer , Aleppo , Syria
| | - Lina Ghabreau
- Syrian Research Cancer Centre of the Syrian Society against Cancer , Aleppo , Syria ; Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department, Aleppo University , Aleppo , Syria
| | - Nizar Akil
- Syrian Research Cancer Centre of the Syrian Society against Cancer , Aleppo , Syria ; Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department, Aleppo University , Aleppo , Syria
| | - Samer Rastam
- Syrian Research Cancer Centre of the Syrian Society against Cancer , Aleppo , Syria ; Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department, Aleppo University , Aleppo , Syria
| | - Amal Alachkar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Department, Aleppo University , Aleppo , Syria
| | - Amber Yasmeen
- Oncology Department, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
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270
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Lozza V, Pieralli A, Corioni S, Longinotti M, Bianchi C, Moncini D, Fallani MG. HPV-related cervical disease and oropharyngeal cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014; 290:375-9. [PMID: 24584479 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-014-3187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV), especially HPV 16, is associated with the development of both cervical and oral cancer. We show the case of a woman affected by HPV-related cervical disease and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). A 41-year-old woman arrived at our Colposcopy Center following an abnormal Pap smear result (ASC-H) and a diagnosis of moderate cervical dysplasia obtained by a cervical biopsy. She underwent a colposcopy that showed a cervical abnormal transformation zone grade 2. A laser conization was performed in November 2010. Histology reported a moderate/severe dysplasia. The cone resection margins were free. Follow-up colposcopy and cytology were negative. The HPV testing showed an infection by HPV 16. In October 2012, the patient presented to the Head-Neck ER after episodes of hemoptysis; a lesion was found in the left tonsillar lodge. A biopsy was performed with a result of squamous cell carcinoma with low-grade differentiation. The HPV testing detected a high-risk HPV and the immunohistochemical analysis was positive for p16. She was treated by chemotherapy and brachytherapy. She was followed at the head-neck center with monthly visits with oral visual inspection that showed complete absence of mucosal abnormalities. HPV-related OPSCC and cervical precancerous/cancerous lesions have significant similarities in terms of pathogenesis. They are both caused largely by HPV 16, as in the present case. In conclusion, because of this association found in literature and in our case, we think that women with HPV cervical lesions should have regular surveillance for oropharyngeal cancer, whereas women with OPSCC should be encouraged to have diligent cervical screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Lozza
- Maternal and Child Department, Careggi University Hospital Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy,
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271
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Li WC, Lee PL, Chou IC, Chang WJ, Lin SC, Chang KW. Molecular and cellular cues of diet-associated oral carcinogenesis-with an emphasis on areca-nut-induced oral cancer development. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:167-77. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chun Li
- Department of Dentistry; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research; Taipei City Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lun Lee
- Institute of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - I-Chiang Chou
- Department of Dentistry; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry; Zhong-Xiao Branch; Taipei City Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jung Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Lin
- Department of Dentistry; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Department of Dentistry; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
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272
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Human Papillomavirus and Management of Cervical Cancer: Does Genotype Matter. CURRENT OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13669-014-0077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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273
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Correlation between human papillomavirus and p16 overexpression in oropharyngeal tumours: a systematic review. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1587-94. [PMID: 24518594 PMCID: PMC3960616 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A significant proportion of squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx (OP-SCC) are related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and p16 overexpression. This subgroup proves better prognosis and survival but no evidence exists on the correlation between HPV and p16 overexpression based on diagnostic measures and definition of p16 overexpression. We evaluated means of p16 and HPV diagnostics, and quantified overexpression of p16 in HPV-positive and -negative OP-SCCs by mode of immunohistochemical staining of carcinoma cells. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from 1980 until October 2012. We applied the following inclusion criteria: a minimum of 20 cases of site-specific OP-SCCs, and HPV and p16 results present. Studies were categorised into three groups based on their definition of p16 overexpression: verbal definition, nuclear and cytoplasmatic staining between 5 and 69%, and ⩾70% staining. Results: We identified 39 studies with available outcome data (n=3926): 22 studies (n=1980) used PCR, 6 studies (n=688) used ISH, and 11 studies (n=1258) used both PCR and ISH for HPV diagnostics. The methods showed similar HPV-positive results. Overall, 52.5% of the cases (n=2062) were HPV positive. As to p16 overexpression, 17 studies (n=1684) used a minimum of 5–69% staining, and 7 studies (n=764) used ⩾70% staining. Fifteen studies (n=1478) referred to a verbal definition. Studies showed high heterogeneity in diagnostics of HPV and definition of p16. The correlation between HPV positivity and p16 overexpression proved best numerically in the group applying ⩾70% staining for p16 overexpression. The group with verbal definitions had a significantly lower false-positive rate, but along with the group applying 5–69% staining showed a worse sensitivity compared with ⩾70% staining. Conclusions: There are substantial differences in how studies diagnose HPV and define p16 overexpression. Numerically, p16 staining is better to predict the presence of HPV (i.e. larger sensitivity), when the cutoff is set at ⩾70% of cytoplasmatic and nuclear staining.
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274
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Kurisetty VVS, Heiber J, Myers R, Pereira GS, Goodwin JW, Federspiel MJ, Russell SJ, Peng KW, Barber G, Merchan JR. Preclinical safety and activity of recombinant VSV-IFN-β in an immunocompetent model of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Head Neck 2014; 36:1619-27. [PMID: 24115092 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing interferon-β (VSV-IFN-β) has demonstrated antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. In preparation for clinical testing in human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck, we conducted preclinical studies of VSV-IFN-β in syngeneic SCC models. METHODS In vitro, VSV-IFN-β (expressing rat or mouse interferon [IFN]-β)-induced cytotoxicity and propagated in rat (FAT-7) or mouse (SCC-VII) SCC cells during normoxia and hypoxia. In vivo, intratumoral administration of VSV-rat-IFN-β or VSV-human-IFN-β in FAT-7 bearing or non-tumor bearing immunocompetent rats did not result in acute organ toxicity or death. RESULTS VSV-r-IFN-β replicated predominantly in tumors and a dose dependent anti-VSV antibody response was observed. Intratumoral or intravenous administration of VSV-IFN-β resulted in growth delay and improved survival compared with controls. CONCLUSION The above data confirm safety and feasibility of VSV-IFN-β administration in immunocompetent animals and support its clinical evaluation in advanced human head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittal V S Kurisetty
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Miami/Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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275
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Identification of mutations in the PYRIN-containing NLR genes (NLRP) in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85619. [PMID: 24465623 PMCID: PMC3897487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) encompasses malignancies that arise in the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract. Recent high throughput DNA sequencing revealed HNSCC genes mutations that contribute to several cancer cell characteristics, including dysregulation of cell proliferation and death, intracellular proinflammatory signaling, and autophagy. The PYRIN-domain containing NLR (Nucleotide-binding domain, Leucine rich Repeats – containing) proteins have recently emerged as pivotal modulators of cell death, autophagy, inflammation, and metabolism. Their close physiologic association with cancer development prompted us to determine whether mutations within the NLRP (PYRIN-containing NLR) gene family were associated with HNSCC genome instability and their clinicopathologic correlations. Catastrophic mutational events underlie cancer cell genome instability and mark a point-of-no-return in cancer cell development and generation of heterogeneity. The mutation profiles of 62 patients with primary conventional type HNSCC excluding other histologic variants were analyzed. Associations were tested using Fisher's Exact test or Mann-Whitney U test. Mutations in NLRP were associated with elevated genome instability as characterized by higher mutation rates. Clinically, NLRP mutations were more frequently found in HNSCC arising in the floor of mouth (50.0%) in comparison with HNSCC at other head and neck locations (14.8%). These mutations were clustered at the leucine rich repeats region of NLRP proteins, and affected NLRP genes were mostly localized at chromosomes 11p15.4 and 19q13.42-19q13.43. Twenty novel NLRP mutations were identified in HNSCC, and mutations in this group of genes were correlated with increased cancer cell genome mutation rates, and such features could be a potential molecular biomarker of HNSCC genome instability.
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276
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Subramaniam RM, Alluri KC, Tahari AK, Aygun N, Quon H. PET/CT Imaging and Human Papilloma Virus–Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Cancer: Evolving Clinical Imaging Paradigm. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:431-8. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.125542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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277
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Avery C. A perspective on the role of the pectoralis major flap in oral and maxillofacial oncology surgery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ors.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Avery
- University Hospitals of Leicester; Leicester UK
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278
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Isayeva T, Xu J, Dai Q, Whitley AC, Bonner J, Nabell L, Spencer S, Carroll W, Jones G, Ragin C, Brandwein-Gensler M. African Americans with oropharyngeal carcinoma have significantly poorer outcomes despite similar rates of human papillomavirus-mediated carcinogenesis. Hum Pathol 2013; 45:310-9. [PMID: 24355195 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We examined racial disparities among 102 oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) patients (30 African Americans and 72 whites) comparing rates of transcriptionally active human papillomavirus (HPV)16/18 and p16(INK4a) overexpression, with times to disease progression and disease-specific survival (DSS). Expression of HPV16/18 transcripts was assessed by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction using type-specific E6/E7 primers; p16(INK4a) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. African Americans were significantly more likely to present with high T stage disease and receive nonsurgical treatment. HPV16/18 was present in 63% of patients; no racial differences were observed. Silenced p16(INK4a) in OPC was significantly more common in African Americans (15/24) than in whites (20/69) (P = .004) and in HPV16+ African Americans (6/24) than in HPV+ whites (2/42) (P = .023). Kaplan-Meier analysis for DSS revealed a protective effect for p16(INK4a) overexpression (P = .0028; hazard ratio [HR], 0.23), HPV16+ (P = .036; HR, 0.38), and whites (P = .0039; HR, 0.27). Shorter DSS was associated with primary definitive chemoradiation (P = .019; HR, 3.49) and T3/T4 disease (P = .0001; HR, 7.75). A protective effect with respect to disease progression was observed for HPV16+ (P = .007; HR, 0.27), whites (P = .0006; HR, 0.197), and p16(INK4a) overexpression (P = .0001; HR, 0.116). African Americans with OPC experience poorer outcomes likely due to p16(INK4a) silencing, higher T stage, and nonsurgical treatment but not lower rates of transcriptionally active HPV16/18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Isayeva
- Departments of Pathology, Surgery, Medicine, Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35249-7331
| | - Jie Xu
- Departments of Pathology, Surgery, Medicine, Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35249-7331
| | - Qian Dai
- Departments of Pathology, Surgery, Medicine, Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35249-7331
| | - Alex C Whitley
- Departments of Pathology, Surgery, Medicine, Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35249-7331
| | - James Bonner
- Departments of Pathology, Surgery, Medicine, Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35249-7331
| | - Lisle Nabell
- Departments of Pathology, Surgery, Medicine, Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35249-7331
| | - Sharon Spencer
- Departments of Pathology, Surgery, Medicine, Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35249-7331
| | - William Carroll
- Departments of Pathology, Surgery, Medicine, Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35249-7331
| | - Giera Jones
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Heath, Philadelphia, PA, 19111-2497
| | - Camille Ragin
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Heath, Philadelphia, PA, 19111-2497
| | - Margaret Brandwein-Gensler
- Departments of Pathology, Surgery, Medicine, Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35249-7331.
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279
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Faquin WC. Human papillomavirus (HPV) assays for testing fine-needle aspiration specimens in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cytopathol 2013; 122:92-5. [PMID: 24339237 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William C Faquin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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280
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Habbous S, Chu KP, Qiu X, La Delfa A, Harland LT, Fadhel E, Hui A, Perez-Ordonez B, Weinreb I, Liu FF, Waldron J, O'Sullivan B, Goldstein D, Xu W, Huang SH, Liu G. The changing incidence of human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer using multiple imputation from 2000 to 2010 at a Comprehensive Cancer Centre. Cancer Epidemiol 2013; 37:820-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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281
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Flaherty A, Kim T, Giuliano A, Magliocco A, Hakky TS, Pagliaro LC, Spiess PE. Implications for human papillomavirus in penile cancer. Urol Oncol 2013; 32:53.e1-8. [PMID: 24239463 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus infection (HPV) has been implicated in penile cancer, and although the annual incidence is estimated to be 1,570 in the United States, there are areas of the world in which the incidence is as much as 20-fold higher. Ample data in the literature support testing and vaccination against HPV-related cervical cancer, but for men and penile cancer, these data are lacking. However, some preliminary data would suggest that HPV not only plays an important role in a significant subset of patients with penile cancer but also may be a target for penile cancer prevention as well via initiation of a vaccination program in high-risk male populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Flaherty
- Department of Hematology Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Timothy Kim
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Anna Giuliano
- Department of Infectious Disease and Research, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | | | - Tariq S Hakky
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Lance C Pagliaro
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Philippe E Spiess
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL.
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282
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Vander Broek R, Snow GE, Chen Z, Van Waes C. Chemoprevention of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through inhibition of NF-κB signaling. Oral Oncol 2013; 50:930-41. [PMID: 24177052 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factors regulate cellular processes such as inflammation and cell survival. The NF-κB pathway is often activated with development and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). As such, NF-κB represents an attractive target for chemoprevention. HNSCC involves progression of lesions from premalignant to malignant, providing a window of opportunity for intervention with chemopreventive agents. Appropriate chemopreventive agents should be inexpensive, nontoxic, and target important pathways involved in the development of HNSCC. Several such agents that inhibit the NF-κB pathway have been investigated in HNSCC. Retinoids have been studied most extensively but have shown limited potential in human trials. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors and PI3K-mTOR inhibitors may benefit a subset of patients. Other agents such as green tea extract and curcumin are appealing because they are generally regarded as safe. In contrast, there is evidence that Vitamin E supplementation may actually increase mortality of cancer patients. Repurposed drugs such as cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors and antidiabetic drugs are an emerging area of interest. Future research to develop agents with lower toxicity and higher specificity for the NF-κB pathway, and to target these therapies to individual patient genetic signatures should help to increase the utility of chemoprevention in HSNCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Vander Broek
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States; Medical Research Scholars Program, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Grace E Snow
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States; Medical Research Scholars Program, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Zhong Chen
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States.
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283
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Benson E, Li R, Eisele D, Fakhry C. The clinical impact of HPV tumor status upon head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Oral Oncol 2013; 50:565-74. [PMID: 24134947 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is etiologically responsible for a distinct subset of head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCCs). HPV-positive HNSCCs (HPV-HNSCCs) most commonly arise from the oropharynx and are responsible for the increasing incidence of oropharyngeal SCC (OSCC) in the United States (US) and abroad. HPV-positive OSCC (HPV-OSCC) has a unique demographic and risk factor profile and tumor biology. HPV-OSCC patients tend to be white, younger, and have a higher cumulative exposure to sexual behaviors as compared with HPV-negative OSCC patients. HPV-positive tumor status also significantly improves survival, and is indeed the single strongest prognostic factor for OSCC. The mechanisms that underlie the improved prognosis conferred by HPV-positive disease are unknown. The purpose of this review is to describe the clinical impact of HPV status in HNSCC, particularly in OSCC, both in terms of the unique clinic-demographic profile and prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Benson
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery., 601 N. Caroline Street, 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
| | - Ryan Li
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery., 601 N. Caroline Street, 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
| | - David Eisele
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery., 601 N. Caroline Street, 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
| | - Carole Fakhry
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery., 601 N. Caroline Street, 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Milton J. Dance Jr. Head and Neck Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21204, United States; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 615 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
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284
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Petrelli F, Sarti E, Barni S. Predictive value of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 30 trials. Head Neck 2013; 36:750-9. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Petrelli
- Medical Oncology Unit; Oncology Department; Azienda Ospedaliera Treviglio, Piazzale Ospedale 1 24047 Treviglio (BG) Italy
| | - Enrico Sarti
- Radiotherapy Unit; Oncology Department; Azienda Ospedaliera Treviglio, Piazzale Ospedale 1 24047 Treviglio (BG) Italy
| | - Sandro Barni
- Medical Oncology Unit; Oncology Department; Azienda Ospedaliera Treviglio, Piazzale Ospedale 1 24047 Treviglio (BG) Italy
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285
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Comparison of HPV prevalence in HNSCC patients with regard to regional and socioeconomic factors. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 271:1737-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-013-2693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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286
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Quabius ES, Möller P, Haag J, Pfannenschmidt S, Hedderich J, Görögh T, Röcken C, Hoffmann M. The role of the antileukoprotease SLPI in smoking-induced human papillomavirus-independent head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1323-34. [PMID: 23996702 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we showed that increased SLPI levels prevent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and metastasis in smoking-induced, non-HPV-driven head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here, we focus on the role of SLPI in non-HPV-driven HNSCC, investigating tumor tissue and non-neoplastic mucosa from the same patients and from non-HNSCC patients. Gene and protein expression of SLPI and gene expression of annexin 2 (a SLPI receptor), nicotine receptor (α7AChR) and arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) were analyzed in HNSCC patients (20 smokers; 16 nonsmokers). SLPI-results were correlated with the patients' HPV status. Non-neoplastic mucosa of HNSCC patients and normal mucosa from non-HNSCC individuals (18 smokers; 20 nonsmokers) was analyzed for the same parameters. Tissue of the inferior turbinate (n = 10) was incubated with nicotine for analysis of the same genes. SLPI gene expression in tumor tissue was 109.26 ± 23.08 times higher in smokers versus nonsmokers. Non-neoplastic mucosa of smokers showed also higher SLPI gene expression (10.49 ± 1.89-fold non-HNSCC; 18.02 ± 3.93-fold HNSCC patients). Annexin 2 gene expression was also increased in smokers. SLPI data were corroborated by immunohistochemistry. A nicotine dependent correlation between SLPI and annexin 2 gene expression (r(2) = 0.15, p < 0.001) was shown ex vivo. Nicotine and smoking increased α7AChR and AhR gene expression. Five patients, showing no/low SLPI expression, were HPV16-positive. A significant correlation between smoking and SLPI expression in tumors and to our knowledge for the first time in mucosa of HNSCC and non-HNSCC patients was established. Together with the finding that all patients with HPV infection showed no/low SLPI expression, these data support our intriguing hypothesis that smoking induced upregulated SLPI prevents HPV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elgar Susanne Quabius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
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287
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Zivile G, Janina D, Irina M, Saulius C, Raisa S, Aliaksandr Z. Prevalence of human papillomaviruses in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Lithuania and Belarus. J Med Virol 2013; 86:531-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cicenas Saulius
- Institute of Oncology; Vilnius University; Vilnius Lithuania
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288
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Human papillomavirus-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma survival: a comparison by tumor site and initial treatment. Head Neck Pathol 2013; 8:77-87. [PMID: 24002971 PMCID: PMC3950385 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-013-0486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients have better survival than HPV-negative patients. However, it is unclear if similar patterns for survival exist across different tumor sites, and whether HPV-associated prognosis is modified by type of treatment. We prospectively tested 222 histologically confirmed HNSCC primary tumors for HPV DNA by PCR and HPV E6/E7 RNA by RT-PCR prior to treatment at a large urban health center. Cox proportional hazard ratio models were constructed to assess HPV-associated differences in overall and disease-specific survival adjusting for clinical and demographic covariates. HPV detection varied significantly by primary HNSCC tumor site, from 35 % for oropharynx, to 25 % for hypopharynx, 5 % for larynx, and 3 % for oral cavity (p < 0.0001), with HPV16 accounting for the majority (95 %) of HPV-positive tumors. The hazard-risk of overall and disease-specific death comparing HPV16-positive versus negative oropharyngeal HNSCC was reduced by 74 and 89 %, respectively (p values < 0.05), and was independent of other prognostic indicators; no statistically significant changes in outcomes were observed for non-oropharyngeal HNSCC sites. Prediction of overall survival was better with combined DNA and RNA HPV16 positive PCR detection. There was no difference in HPV16-associated survival whether patients received either surgery or (chemo)radiotherapy as their initial treatment modality. Improved HPV-associated HNSCC survival is limited to patients with oropharyngeal primaries. No selective treatment advantage is observed for HPV-positive tumors, although clinical trials are needed to evaluate which treatment modalities provide the most benefit for HPV-positive HNSCC.
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289
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Oncopolicy in high-income countries can make a difference in HPV-related Head and Neck Cancer. J Cancer Policy 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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290
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Ampil F, Chaudhery S, Devarakonda S, Mills G. Extended survival after chemotherapy and conservative radiotherapy for HPV-16 positive stage IVB oropharyngeal carcinoma. Acta Oncol 2013; 52:1236-7. [PMID: 23421928 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2013.770922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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291
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Bonilla-Velez J, Mroz EA, Hammon RJ, Rocco JW. Impact of human papillomavirus on oropharyngeal cancer biology and response to therapy: implications for treatment. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2013; 46:521-43. [PMID: 23910468 PMCID: PMC3740406 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) originating from human papillomavirus infection has emerged as a new entity in head and neck cancer, defining a subset of patients with distinct carcinogenesis, risk factor profiles, and clinical presentation that show markedly improved survival than patients with classic OPSCC. De-escalation of therapy and identification of relevant biomarkers to aid in patient selection are actively being investigated. This review addresses the implications of these findings in clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Bonilla-Velez
- Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Edmund A. Mroz
- Research Scientist, Center for Cancer Research and Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca J. Hammon
- Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - James W. Rocco
- Associate Professor of Otology and Laryngology and Director, Head and Neck Cancer Research, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
- Associate Professor of Otology and Laryngology, Center for Cancer Research and Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
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292
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Ankola AA, Smith RV, Burk RD, Prystowsky MB, Sarta C, Schlecht NF. Comorbidity, human papillomavirus infection and head and neck cancer survival in an ethnically diverse population. Oral Oncol 2013; 49:911-917. [PMID: 23891528 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the importance of comorbid conditions in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we assessed the association between comorbidity and survival in an inner-city population of HNSCC patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Comorbid status at diagnosis was derived using medical records and the Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27 (ACE-27) index on 288 patients with histologically confirmed HNSCC from Montefiore Medical Center in the Bronx (NY) between 2002 and 2011. The association between comorbidity, tumor human papillomavirus (HPV) status and overall and disease specific survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariable Cox regression adjusting for clinico-pathologic factors. RESULTS The study population consisted of primary oropharyngeal (36%), laryngeal (33%) and oral cavity cancer patients (31%). Overall, 19% had no comorbidity, 43% mild comorbidity, 29% moderate comorbidity, and 9% severe comorbidity. The most common comorbid conditions were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, respiratory disease, other malignancies, and illicit drug use. Survival analyses revealed that increased comorbidity at diagnosis was significantly related to poorer overall survival (p=0.016), but not to cancer survival (p=0.369) or recurrence (p=0.652). Oropharyngeal cancer patients with HPV DNA positive tumors and lower levels of comorbidity had significantly better overall survival compared to patients with HPV negative tumors (hazard ratio=0.2, 95%CI: 0.04-0.8), however there was no significant difference in overall (or disease specific) survival by HPV status among patients with higher levels of comorbidity at diagnosis (hazard ratio=0.7, 95%CI: 0.2-2.8). CONCLUSION In an inner-city predominantly minority population, comorbidity at HNSCC diagnosis is relatively common and associated with poor overall survival, but not cancer survival or recurrence. Interestingly, the relationship between HPV and improved survival appears to be specific to patients with low comorbidity at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish A Ankola
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Richard V Smith
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States; Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Robert D Burk
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States; Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Michael B Prystowsky
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Catherine Sarta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Nicolas F Schlecht
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
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293
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Hashibe M, Sturgis EM. Epidemiology of oral-cavity and oropharyngeal carcinomas: controlling a tobacco epidemic while a human papillomavirus epidemic emerges. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2013; 46:507-20. [PMID: 23910467 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although tobacco prevalence is declining in most developed countries, less developed countries are still experiencing an increase in tobacco use. Thus the future burden of oral-cavity and oropharyngeal cancers in less developed countries is expected to be heavy. The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer is dramatically increasing in the United States and other developed countries, although trends in less developed countries are not clear at present. HPV vaccine compliance in the United States is low, although it continues to increase each year. Increasing the HPV vaccination rate to control future HPV-associated cancer incidence remains a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Hashibe
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, 375 Chipeta Way, Suite A, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
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294
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Näsman A, Nordfors C, Grün N, Munck-Wikland E, Ramqvist T, Marklund L, Lindquist D, Dalianis T. Absent/weak CD44 intensity and positive human papillomavirus (HPV) status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma indicates a very high survival. Cancer Med 2013; 2:507-18. [PMID: 24156023 PMCID: PMC3799285 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with human papillomavirus DNA positive (HPVDNA+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have better clinical outcome than those with HPV DNA negative (HPVDNA−) OSCC upon intensive oncological treatment. All HPVDNA+ OSCC patients may not require intensive treatment, however, but before potentially deintensifying treatment, additional predictive markers are needed. Here, we examined HPV, p16INK4a, and CD44 in OSCC in correlation to clinical outcome. Pretreatment tumors from 290 OSCC patients, the majority not receiving chemotherapy, were analyzed for HPV DNA by Luminex and for p16INK4a and CD44 by immunohistochemistry. 225/290 (78%) tumors were HPVDNA+ and 211/290 (73%) overexpressed p16INK4a, which correlated to presence of HPV (P < 0.0001). Presence of HPV DNA, absent/weak CD44 intensity staining correlated to favorable 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) by univariate and multivariate analysis, and likewise for p16INK4a by univariate analysis. Upon stratification for HPV, HPVDNA+ OSCC with absent/weak CD44 intensity presented the significantly best 3-year DFS and OS, with >95% 3-year DFS and OS. Furthermore, in HPVDNA+ OSCC, p16INK4a+ overexpression correlated to a favorable 3-year OS. In conclusion, patients with HPVDNA+ and absent/weak CD44 intensity OSCC presented the best survival and this marker combination could possibly be used for selecting patients for tailored deintensified treatment in prospective clinical trials. Absence of/weak CD44 or presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was shown as a favorable prognostic factors in tonsillar and tongue base cancer. Moreover, patients with the combination of absence of/weak CD44 and presence of HPV DNA presented a very favorable outcome. Therefore, we suggest that this marker combination could potentially be used to single out patients with a high survival that could benefit from a de-escalated oncological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Näsman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
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295
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Second primary squamous cell carcinoma arising in a skin flap: a case report and literature review on etiologic factors and treatment strategy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 71:1619-25. [PMID: 23611605 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The number of reports describing malignant tumors arising in flaps has been increasing recently. This report describes the case of a patient who had a second squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the center of the skin island of a forearm flap raised approximately 6 years previously. Histopathologic examination suggested human papillomavirus infection and "mucosalization" of the flap. In addition, the authors review previous cases, with special attention to etiologic factors and surgical strategies. There might be a causal relation between second primary SCC in the flap and the carcinogenic effect (chronic inflammation) induced by the environment surrounding the squamous epithelium of the flap. If environmental factors have greatly contributed to the occurrence of a tumor, there is a potential for tumor occurrence in the remaining flap. There also might be a potential for generating second primary SCC in these foci. The results suggested that total resection of the flap might be recommended in the surgical resection of second primary SCC arising in a flap.
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296
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Abstract
A divergent human gammapapillomavirus (γ-HPV) genome in a nasal swab from an elderly Finnish patient with respiratory symptoms was genetically characterized. The L1 gene of HPV-Fin864 shared <70% nucleotide identity to other reported γ-HPV genomes, provisionally qualifying it as a new species in the Gammapapillomavirus genus.
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297
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Recommendations for the diagnosis of human papilloma virus (HPV) high and low risk in the prevention and treatment of diseases of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. Guide of experts PTORL and KIDL. Otolaryngol Pol 2013; 67:113-34. [PMID: 23719268 DOI: 10.1016/j.otpol.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of human papilloma viruses (HPV) in malignant and nonmalignant ENT diseases and the corresponding epidemiological burden has been widely described. International head and neck oncology community discussed growing evidence that oral HPV infection contributes to the risk of oro-pharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) and recommended HPV testing as a part of the work up for patients with OPC. Polish Society of ENT Head Neck Surgery and National Chamber of Laboratory Diagnosticians have worked together to define the minimum requirements for assigning a diagnosis of HPV-related conditions and testing strategy that include HPV specific tests in our country. This paper briefly frames the literature information concerning low risk (LR) and high risk (HR) HPV, reviews the epidemiology, general guidance on the most appropriate biomarkers for clinical assessment of HPV. The definition of HPV-related cancer was presented. The article is aiming to highlight some of major issues for the clinician dealing with patients with HPV-related morbidities and to introduce the diagnostic algorithm in Poland.
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298
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Petkova R, Chelenkova P, Yemendzhiev H, Tsekov I, Chakarov S, Kalvatchev Z. HPV Has Left the Building—the Absence of Detectable HPV DNA and the Presence of R Allele/S for the P72R Polymorphism in the TP53Gene May Call for More Aggressive Therapeutic Approach in HPV-Associated Tumours. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2013. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2013.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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