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Falah M, Houshmand M, Najafi M, Balali M, Mahmoudian S, Asghari A, Emamdjomeh H, Farhadi M. The potential role for use of mitochondrial DNA copy number as predictive biomarker in presbycusis. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2016; 12:1573-1578. [PMID: 27799778 PMCID: PMC5077262 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s117491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Age-related hearing impairment, or presbycusis, is the most common communication disorder and neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. Its prevalence is expected to increase, due to the trend of growth of the elderly population. The current diagnostic test for detection of presbycusis is implemented after there has been a change in hearing sensitivity. Identification of a pre-diagnostic biomarker would raise the possibility of preserving hearing sensitivity before damage occurs. Mitochondrial dysfunction, including the production of reactive oxygen species and induction of expression of apoptotic genes, participates in the progression of presbycusis. Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation has a critical role in presbycusis. However, the nature of the relationship between mitochondrial DNA copy number, an important biomarker in many other diseases, and presbycusis is undetermined. METHODS Fifty-four subjects with presbycusis and 29 healthy controls were selected after ear, nose, throat examination and pure-tone audiometry. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples. The copy number of mitochondrial DNA relative to the nuclear genome was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Subjects with presbycusis had a lower median mitochondrial DNA copy number than healthy subjects and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.007). Mitochondrial DNA copy number was also significantly associated with degree of hearing impairment (P=0.025) and audiogram configuration (P=0.022). CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that lower mitochondrial DNA copy number is responsible for presbycusis through alteration of mitochondrial function. Moreover, the significant association of mitochondrial DNA copy number in peripheral blood samples with the degree of hearing impairment and audiogram configuration has potential for use as a standard test for presbycusis, providing the possibility of the development of an easy-to-use biomarker for the early detection of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Falah
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Houshmand
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Balali
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Mahmoudian
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alimohamad Asghari
- Skull base research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hessamaldin Emamdjomeh
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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252
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Tu H, Gu J, Meng QH, Kim J, Davis JW, He Y, Wagar EA, Thompson TC, Logothetis CJ, Wu X. Mitochondrial DNA copy number in peripheral blood leukocytes and the aggressiveness of localized prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:41988-96. [PMID: 26515605 PMCID: PMC4747203 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether low mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in peripheral blood leukocytes at diagnosis was associated with an increased risk of the aggressive form of the tumor and disease progression among localized prostate cancer (PCa) patients. We recruited 1,751 non-Hispanic white men with previously untreated PCa from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. mtDNAcn was categorized into three groups according to tertiles. We used multivariate logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95 percent confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association of mtDNAcn with the risk of having aggressive PCa at diagnosis. We used Cox proportional hazards model to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for disease progression. We observed an inverse association between aggressiveness of PCa and mtDNAcn (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, compared to patients in the highest tertile of mtDNAcn, those in the second and lowest tertiles had significantly increased risks of presenting with the high-risk form of PCa, as defined by the D'Amico criteria, with ORs of 1.33 (95% CI, 0.89–1.98; P = 0.17) and 1.53 (95% CI, 1.02–2.30; P = 0.04), respectively. Furthermore, PCa patients in the lowest and second tertiles combined relative to those in the highest tertile had a 56% increased risk of disease progression (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 0.96–2.54; P = 0.07). In summary, our results suggested that low mtDNAcn in peripheral blood leukocytes was associated with aggressive PCa at diagnosis and might further predict poor progression-free survival among localized PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huakang Tu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qing H Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeri Kim
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John W Davis
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yonggang He
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Elizabeth A Wagar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Timothy C Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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253
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Satellite RNAs promote pancreatic oncogenic processes via the dysfunction of YBX1. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13006. [PMID: 27667193 PMCID: PMC5052683 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly repetitive tandem arrays at the centromeric and pericentromeric regions in chromosomes, previously considered silent, are actively transcribed, particularly in cancer. This aberrant expression occurs even in K-ras-mutated pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) tissues, which are precancerous lesions. To examine the biological roles of the satellite RNAs in carcinogenesis, we construct mouse PanIN-derived cells expressing major satellite (MajSAT) RNA and show increased malignant properties. We find an increase in frequency of chromosomal instability and point mutations in both genomic and mitochondrial DNA. We identify Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) as a protein that binds to MajSAT RNA. MajSAT RNA inhibits the nuclear translocation of YBX1 under stress conditions, thus reducing its DNA-damage repair function. The forced expression of YBX1 significantly decreases the aberrant phenotypes. These findings indicate that during the early stage of cancer development, satellite transcripts may act as 'intrinsic mutagens' by inducing YBX1 dysfunction, which may be crucial in oncogenic processes.
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254
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Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a clinically heterogeneous group of disorders that ultimately result from dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. There is some evidence to suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in neuropsychiatric illness; however, the data are inconclusive. This article summarizes the available literature published in the area of neuropsychiatric manifestations in both children and adults with primary mitochondrial disease, with a focus on autism spectrum disorder in children and mood disorders and schizophrenia in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Marin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive #0935, La Jolla, CA 92093-0935, USA
| | - Russell P Saneto
- Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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255
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Doynova M, Berretta A, Jones M, Jasoni C, Vickers M, O'Sullivan J. Interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA in mammalian cells are non-random. Mitochondrion 2016; 30:187-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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256
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Lal A, Gomez E, Calloway C. Increased mitochondrial DNA deletions and copy number in transfusion-dependent thalassemia. JCI Insight 2016; 1. [PMID: 27583305 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron overload is the primary cause of morbidity in transfusion-dependent thalassemia. Increase in iron causes mitochondrial dysfunction under experimental conditions, but the occurrence and significance of mitochondrial damage is not understood in patients with thalassemia. METHODS Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to nuclear DNA copy number (Mt/N) and frequency of the common 4977-bp mitochondrial deletion (ΔmtDNA4977) were quantified using a quantitative PCR assay on whole blood samples from 38 subjects with thalassemia who were receiving regular transfusions. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, Mt/N and ΔmtDNA4977 frequency were elevated in thalassemia (P = 0.038 and P < 0.001, respectively). ΔmtDNA4977 was increased in the presence of either liver iron concentration > 15 mg/g dry-weight or splenectomy, with the highest levels observed in subjects who had both risk factors (P = 0.003). Myocardial iron (MRI T2* < 20 ms) was present in 0%, 22%, and 46% of subjects with ΔmtDNA4977 frequency < 20, 20-40, and > 40/1 × 107 mtDNA, respectively (P = 0.025). Subjects with Mt/N values below the group median had significantly lower Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (5.76 ± 0.53) compared with the high Mt/N group (9.11 ± 0.95, P = 0.008). CONCLUSION Individuals with transfusion-dependent thalassemia demonstrate age-related increase in mtDNA damage in leukocytes. These changes are markedly amplified by splenectomy and are associated with extrahepatic iron deposition. Elevated mtDNA damage in blood cells may predict the risk of iron-associated organ damage in thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Lal
- Hematology/Oncology, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland, California, USA; Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Esteban Gomez
- Hematology/Oncology, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Cassandra Calloway
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Forensic Science Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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257
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Huang CH, Kuo CL, Huang CS, Tseng WM, Lian IB, Chang CC, Liu CS. High plasma coenzyme Q10 concentration is correlated with good left ventricular performance after primary angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4501. [PMID: 27495100 PMCID: PMC4979854 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous administration of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been shown in experimental models to have a protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, it is unclear whether follow-up plasma CoQ10 concentration is prognostic of left ventricular (LV) performance after primary balloon angioplasty in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).We prospectively recruited 55 patients with STEMI who were treated with primary coronary balloon angioplasty. Plasma CoQ10 concentrations were measured before primary angioplasty (baseline) and 3 days, 7 days, and 1 month after STEMI using high-performance liquid chromatography. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. The control group comprised 54 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers.Serial circulating CoQ10 concentrations significantly decreased with time in the STEMI group. The LV ejection fraction at 6-month follow-up positively correlated with the 1-month plasma CoQ10 tertile. Higher plasma CoQ10 concentrations at 1 month were associated with favorable LV remodeling and systolic function 6 months after STEMI. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that changes in CoQ10 concentrations at 1-month follow-up were predictive of LV systolic function 6 months after STEMI. Changes in CoQ10 concentrations correlated negatively with baseline oxidized low-density lipoprotein and fibrinogen concentrations and correlated positively with leukocyte mitochondrial copy number at baseline.Patients with STEMI who had higher plasma CoQ10 concentrations 1 month after primary angioplasty had better LV performance at 6-month follow-up. In addition, higher plasma CoQ10 concentration was associated with lower grade inflammatory and oxidative stress status. Therefore, plasma CoQ10 concentration may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker of LV systolic function after revascularization therapy for acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hui Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital
- Institute of Statistics and Information Science, National Changhua University of Education
| | | | | | | | - Ie Bin Lian
- Institute of Statistics and Information Science, National Changhua University of Education
| | - Chia-Chu Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Vascular and Genomic Research Center
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua
- Graduate Institute of Integrative Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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258
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Masser DR, Clark NW, Van Remmen H, Freeman WM. Loss of the antioxidant enzyme CuZnSOD (Sod1) mimics an age-related increase in absolute mitochondrial DNA copy number in the skeletal muscle. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:323-333. [PMID: 27444179 PMCID: PMC5061674 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria contain multiple copies of the circular mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) that encodes ribosomal RNAs and proteins locally translated for oxidative phosphorylation. Loss of mtDNA integrity, both altered copy number and increased mutations, is implicated in cellular dysfunction with aging. Published data on mtDNA copy number and aging is discordant which may be due to methodological limitations for quantifying mtDNA copy number. Existing quantitative PCR (qPCR) mtDNA copy number quantification methods provide only relative abundances and are problematic to normalize to different template input amounts and across tissues/sample types. As well, existing methods cannot quantify mtDNA copy number in subcellular isolates, such as isolated mitochondria and neuronal synaptic terminals, which lack nuclear genomic DNA for normalization. We have developed and validated a novel absolute mtDNA copy number quantitation method that uses chip-based digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) to count the number of copies of mtDNA and used this novel method to assess the literature discrepancy in which there is no clear consensus whether mtDNA numbers change with aging in skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle in old mice was found to have increased absolute mtDNA numbers compared to young controls. Furthermore, young Sod1 -/- mice were assessed and show an age-mimicking increase in skeletal muscle mtDNA. These findings reproduce a number of previous studies that demonstrate age-related increases in mtDNA. This simple and cost effective dPCR approach should enable precise and accurate mtDNA copy number quantitation in mitochondrial studies, eliminating contradictory studies of mitochondrial DNA content with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin R. Masser
- Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center on Aging, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Nicholas W. Clark
- Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center on Aging, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73102 USA
| | - Willard M. Freeman
- Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center on Aging, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
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259
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Ahn EH, Lee SH, Kim JY, Chang CC, Loeb LA. Decreased Mitochondrial Mutagenesis during Transformation of Human Breast Stem Cells into Tumorigenic Cells. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4569-78. [PMID: 27197159 PMCID: PMC5004738 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rare stochastic mutations may accumulate during dormancy of stem-like cells, but technical limitations in DNA sequencing have limited exploring this possibility. In this study, we employed a recently established deep-sequencing method termed Duplex Sequencing to conduct a genome-wide analysis of mitochondrial (mt) DNA mutations in a human breast stem cell model that recapitulates the sequential stages of breast carcinogenesis. Using this method, we found significant differences in mtDNA among normal stem cells, immortal/preneoplastic cells, and tumorigenic cells. Putative cancer stem-like cell (CSC) populations and mtDNA copy numbers increased as normal stem cells become tumorigenic cells. Transformed cells exhibited lower rare mutation frequencies of whole mtDNA than did normal stem cells. The predicted mtDNA rare mutation pathogenicity was significantly lower in tumorigenic cells than normal stem cells. Major rare mutation types in normal stem cells are C>T/G>A and T>C/A>G transitions, while only C>T/G>A are major types in transformed cells. We detected a total of 1,220 rare point mutations, 678 of which were unreported previously. With only one possible exception (m10342T>C), we did not find specific mutations characterizing mtDNA in human breast CSCs; rather, the mitochondrial genome of CSCs displayed an overall decrease in rare mutations. On the basis of our work, we suggest that this decrease (in particular T>C/A>G transitions), rather than the presence of specific mitochondrial mutations, may constitute an early biomarker for breast cancer detection. Our findings support the hypothesis that the mitochondrial genome is altered greatly as a result of the transformation of normal stem cells to CSCs, and that mtDNA mutation signatures may aid in delineating normal stem cells from CSCs. Cancer Res; 76(15); 4569-78. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hyun Ahn
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Seung Hyuk Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joon Yup Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chia-Cheng Chang
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Lawrence A Loeb
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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260
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Gitschlag BL, Kirby CS, Samuels DC, Gangula RD, Mallal SA, Patel MR. Homeostatic Responses Regulate Selfish Mitochondrial Genome Dynamics in C. elegans. Cell Metab 2016; 24:91-103. [PMID: 27411011 PMCID: PMC5287496 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mutant mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) can be viewed as selfish genetic elements that persist in a state of heteroplasmy despite having potentially deleterious metabolic consequences. We sought to study regulation of selfish mtDNA dynamics. We establish that the large 3.1-kb deletion-bearing mtDNA variant uaDf5 is a selfish genome in Caenorhabditis elegans. Next, we show that uaDf5 mutant mtDNA replicates in addition to, not at the expense of, wild-type mtDNA. These data suggest the existence of a homeostatic copy-number control that is exploited by uaDf5 to "hitchhike" to high frequency. We also observe activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)) in uaDf5 animals. Loss of UPR(mt) causes a decrease in uaDf5 frequency, whereas its constitutive activation increases uaDf5 levels. UPR(mt) activation protects uaDf5 from mitophagy. Taken together, we propose that mtDNA copy-number control and UPR(mt) represent two homeostatic response mechanisms that play important roles in regulating selfish mitochondrial genome dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan L Gitschlag
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Cait S Kirby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David C Samuels
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rama D Gangula
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Simon A Mallal
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Maulik R Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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261
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Darbandi S, Darbandi M, Khorshid HRK, Sadeghi MR, Al-Hasani S, Agarwal A, Shirazi A, Heidari M, Akhondi MM. Experimental strategies towards increasing intracellular mitochondrial activity in oocytes: A systematic review. Mitochondrion 2016; 30:8-17. [PMID: 27234976 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The mitochondrial complement is critical in sustaining the earliest stages of life. To improve the Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), current methods of interest were evaluated for increasing the activity and copy number of mitochondria in the oocyte cell. METHODS This covered the researches from 1966 to September 2015. RESULTS The results provided ten methods that can be studied individually or simultaneously. CONCLUSION Though the use of these techniques generated great concern about heteroplasmy observation in humans, it seems that with study on these suggested methods there is real hope for effective treatments of old oocyte or oocytes containing mitochondrial problems in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Darbandi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Darbandi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Sadeghi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Safaa Al-Hasani
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Abolfazl Shirazi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Heidari
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. M.@avicenna.ar.ir
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Akhondi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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262
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Wen S, Yan R, Yang Q, Chen H. Associations of mitochondrial haplogroups and mitochondrial DNA copy numbers with end-stage renal disease in a Han population. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2016; 28:725-731. [PMID: 27159351 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2016.1177038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is closely related to mitochondrion function, and variations have been suggested to be involved in pathogenesis of complex diseases. The present study sought to elucidate mitochondrial haplogroups and mtDNA copy number in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in a Han population. First, the mitochondrial haplogroups of 37 ESRD patients were clustered into several haplogroups, and haplogroup A & D were taken as the candidate risk haplogroups for ESRD. Second, the frequencies of A and D were assessed in 344 ESRD patients and 438 healthy controls, respectively. Haplogroup D was found to be risk maker for ESRD in young subjects (<30 years) with an OR of 2.274. Finally, intracellular and cell-free mtDNA copy numbers were evaluated with quantitative-PCR. The ESRD patients exhibited greater cell-free mtDNA contents than the healthy controls but less intracellular mtDNA. Haplogroup D exhibited a further increase in cell-free mtDNA content and a decrease in intracellular mtDNA content among the ESRDs patients. Our findings suggest that mtNDA haplogroup D may contributes to pathogenesis of early-onset ESRD through alterations of mtDNA copy numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Zhang
- a Medical School of Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , China.,b Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Ying Zhao
- a Medical School of Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , China.,b Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Shuzhen Wen
- a Medical School of Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , China.,b Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Rengna Yan
- c Department of Endocrinology , Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Qinglan Yang
- a Medical School of Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , China.,b Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Huimei Chen
- a Medical School of Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , China.,b Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , China
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263
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Clemente DB, Casas M, Vilahur N, Begiristain H, Bustamante M, Carsin AE, Fernández MF, Fierens F, Gyselaers W, Iñiguez C, Janssen BG, Lefebvre W, Llop S, Olea N, Pedersen M, Pieters N, Santa Marina L, Souto A, Tardón A, Vanpoucke C, Vrijheid M, Sunyer J, Nawrot TS. Prenatal Ambient Air Pollution, Placental Mitochondrial DNA Content, and Birth Weight in the INMA (Spain) and ENVIRONAGE (Belgium) Birth Cohorts. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:659-65. [PMID: 26317635 PMCID: PMC4858384 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are sensitive to environmental toxicants due to their lack of repair capacity. Changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content may represent a biologically relevant intermediate outcome in mechanisms linking air pollution and fetal growth restriction. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether placental mtDNA content is a possible mediator of the association between prenatal nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure and birth weight. METHODS We used data from two independent European cohorts: INMA (n = 376; Spain) and ENVIRONAGE (n = 550; Belgium). Relative placental mtDNA content was determined as the ratio of two mitochondrial genes (MT-ND1 and MTF3212/R3319) to two control genes (RPLP0 and ACTB). Effect estimates for individual cohorts and the pooled data set were calculated using multiple linear regression and mixed models. We also performed a mediation analysis. RESULTS Pooled estimates indicated that a 10-μg/m3 increment in average NO2 exposure during pregnancy was associated with a 4.9% decrease in placental mtDNA content (95% CI: -9.3, -0.3%) and a 48-g decrease (95% CI: -87, -9 g) in birth weight. However, the association with birth weight was significant for INMA (-66 g; 95% CI: -111, -23 g) but not for ENVIRONAGE (-20 g; 95% CI: -101, 62 g). Placental mtDNA content was associated with significantly higher mean birth weight (pooled analysis, interquartile range increase: 140 g; 95% CI: 43, 237 g). Mediation analysis estimates, which were derived for the INMA cohort only, suggested that 10% (95% CI: 6.6, 13.0 g) of the association between prenatal NO2 and birth weight was mediated by changes in placental mtDNA content. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that mtDNA content can be one of the potential mediators of the association between prenatal air pollution exposure and birth weight. CITATION Clemente DB, Casas M, Vilahur N, Begiristain H, Bustamante M, Carsin AE, Fernández MF, Fierens F, Gyselaers W, Iñiguez C, Janssen BG, Lefebvre W, Llop S, Olea N, Pedersen M, Pieters N, Santa Marina L, Souto A, Tardón A, Vanpoucke C, Vrijheid M, Sunyer J, Nawrot TS. 2016. Prenatal ambient air pollution, placental mitochondrial DNA content, and birth weight in the INMA (Spain) and ENVIRONAGE (Belgium) birth cohorts. Environ Health Perspect 124:659-665; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408981.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana B.P. Clemente
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Casas
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Vilahur
- Institute for environmental medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | | | - Mariona Bustamante
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anne-Elie Carsin
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana F. Fernández
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Radiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Frans Fierens
- Belgian Interregional Environment Agency, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Carmen Iñiguez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bram G. Janssen
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wouter Lefebvre
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Llop
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Nicolás Olea
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Radiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Marie Pedersen
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), U823, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicky Pieters
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Loreto Santa Marina
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Souto
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Epidemiology of Cancer Unit, University Institute of Oncology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Epidemiology of Cancer Unit, University Institute of Oncology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Martine Vrijheid
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute (BIODONOSTIA), Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute (BIODONOSTIA), Gipuzkoa, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tim S. Nawrot
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Unit Environment & Health, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
- Address correspondence to T.S. Nawrot, Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. Telephone: 32-11-268382. E-mail:
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Takeda D, Hasegawa T, Ueha T, Sakakibara A, Kawamoto T, Minamikawa T, Sakai Y, Komori T. Decreased mitochondrial copy numbers in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2016; 38:1170-5. [PMID: 27079936 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction and altered respiration have long been suspected to affect the development and progression of cancer. Although quantitative changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been reported in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), differences in mtDNA copy numbers between normal and cancerous tissues from same patients have not been assessed. METHODS We compared mtDNA copy numbers and expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) between normal mucous membrane and cancerous tissues resected from 35 patients with oral SCC, using TaqMan quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS We found mtDNA copy numbers and expressions of PGC-1α and TFAM were decreased in cancerous tissues compared with normal tissues from the same patients. CONCLUSION The PGC-1α-TFAM mitochondrial pathway may be associated with malignant potential in human oral SCC, and could be an attractive therapeutic target. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38:1170-1175, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takumi Hasegawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ueha
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akiko Sakakibara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Teruya Kawamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Minamikawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Sakai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takahide Komori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Wong S, Napoli E, Krakowiak P, Tassone F, Hertz-Picciotto I, Giulivi C. Role of p53, Mitochondrial DNA Deletions, and Paternal Age in Autism: A Case-Control Study. Pediatrics 2016; 137:peds.2015-1888. [PMID: 27033107 PMCID: PMC4811307 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor suppressor p53 responds to a variety of environmental stressors by regulating cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, DNA repair, bioenergetics and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number maintenance. Developmental abnormalities have been reported in p53-deficient mice, and altered p53 and p53-associated pathways in autism (AU). Furthermore, via the Pten-p53 crosstalk, Pten haploinsufficient-mice have autisticlike behavior accompanied by brain mitochondrial dysfunction with accumulation of mtDNA deletions. METHODS mtDNA copy number and deletions, and p53 gene copy ratios were evaluated in peripheral blood monocytic cells from children aged 2-5 years with AU (n = 66), race-, gender-, and age-matched typically neurodeveloping children (n = 46), and both parents from each diagnostic group, recruited by the Childhood Autism Risk from Genes and Environment study at the University of California, Davis. RESULTS mtDNA deletions and higher p53 gene copy ratios were more common in children with AU and their fathers. The incidence of mtDNA deletions in fathers of children with AU was increased 1.9-fold over fathers of typically neurodeveloping children, suggesting a role for deficient DNA repair capacity not driven by paternal age. Deletions in mtDNA and altered p53 gene copy ratios seem to result from genetics (children with severity scores ≥8) and/or act in concert with environmental factors (children with 6-7 severity scores). CONCLUSIONS Given pro- and antioxidant activities of p53, and associations of genomic instability with disorders other than AU, our study suggests a link between DNA repair capacity, genomic instability in the 17p13.1 region influenced by environmental triggers, and AU diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wong
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine
| | | | - Flora Tassone
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, and,Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and,Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California
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Spadafora D, Kozhukhar N, Alexeyev MF. Presequence-Independent Mitochondrial Import of DNA Ligase Facilitates Establishment of Cell Lines with Reduced mtDNA Copy Number. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152705. [PMID: 27031233 PMCID: PMC4816344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the essential role played by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in cellular physiology and bioenergetics, methods for establishing cell lines with altered mtDNA content are of considerable interest. Here, we report evidence for the existence in mammalian cells of a novel, low- efficiency, presequence-independent pathway for mitochondrial protein import, which facilitates mitochondrial uptake of such proteins as Chlorella virus ligase (ChVlig) and Escherichia coli LigA. Mouse cells engineered to depend on this pathway for mitochondrial import of the LigA protein for mtDNA maintenance had severely (up to >90%) reduced mtDNA content. These observations were used to establish a method for the generation of mouse cell lines with reduced mtDNA copy number by, first, transducing them with a retrovirus encoding LigA, and then inactivating in these transductants endogenous Lig3 with CRISPR-Cas9. Interestingly, mtDNA depletion to an average level of one copy per cell proceeds faster in cells engineered to maintain mtDNA at low copy number. This makes a low-mtDNA copy number phenotype resulting from dependence on mitochondrial import of DNA ligase through presequence-independent pathway potentially useful for rapidly shifting mtDNA heteroplasmy through partial mtDNA depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Spadafora
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, 307 University Blvd, Mobile, Alabama, 36688, United States of America
| | - Natalia Kozhukhar
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, 307 University Blvd, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, 36688, United States of America
| | - Mikhail F. Alexeyev
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, 307 University Blvd, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, 36688, United States of America
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, 307 University Blvd, Mobile, Alabama, 36688, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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267
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Knez J, Cauwenberghs N, Thijs L, Winckelmans E, Brguljan-Hitij J, Yang WY, Staessen JA, Nawrot TS, Kuznetsova T. Association of left ventricular structure and function with peripheral blood mitochondrial DNA content in a general population. Int J Cardiol 2016; 214:180-8. [PMID: 27064638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES mtDNA content might be an important biomarker in heart disease prediction and to date no population studies are available on the association of mtDNA content with cardiac structure and function. We, therefore, investigated in a general population in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies whether echocardiographic indexes of LV structure and function are associated with mtDNA content measured in peripheral blood cells. METHODS At baseline we performed echocardiography in 701 randomly selected individuals (50.9% women, mean age, 53.2years) from a Flemish population. Relative mtDNA copy number compared to nuclear DNA was measured by quantitative real-time PCR in peripheral blood cells. RESULTS With adjustments applied, we observed significant inverse association of LV diastolic and systolic diameters (P≤0.028) and volumes (P=0.013) with mtDNA content. Moreover, for a 1-SD increment in mtDNA (0.37), we found an increase in Tissue Doppler s' velocity by 0.093cm/s (P=0.019) and a decrease in E/e' ratio by 0.18 (P=0.008). In 223 subjects with available echocardiography and mtDNA content at baseline and follow-up, we observed that higher baseline mtDNA content was associated with less increase in 2D LV diastolic volume (P=0.0003), M-mode LV diameter (P=0.046) and LV mass (P=0.003) during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS In the general population, higher mtDNA content was associated with smaller LV diastolic and systolic diameters and volumes and better LV systolic and diastolic function. Moreover, we observed that baseline mtDNA content was a significant predictor of longitudinal changes of LV diastolic volume and dimension, and LV mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judita Knez
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Hypertension Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nicholas Cauwenberghs
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lutgarde Thijs
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Winckelmans
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jana Brguljan-Hitij
- Hypertension Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Wen-Yi Yang
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan A Staessen
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; KU Leuven Department of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatiana Kuznetsova
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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268
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Wachsmuth M, Hübner A, Li M, Madea B, Stoneking M. Age-Related and Heteroplasmy-Related Variation in Human mtDNA Copy Number. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005939. [PMID: 26978189 PMCID: PMC4792396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial (mt) genome is present in many copies in human cells, and intra-individual variation in mtDNA sequences is known as heteroplasmy. Recent studies found that heteroplasmies are highly tissue-specific, site-specific, and allele-specific, however the functional implications have not been explored. This study investigates variation in mtDNA copy numbers (mtCN) in 12 different tissues obtained at autopsy from 152 individuals (ranging in age from 3 days to 96 years). Three different methods to estimate mtCN were compared: shotgun sequencing (in 4 tissues), capture-enriched sequencing (in 12 tissues) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR, in 2 tissues). The highest precision in mtCN estimation was achieved using shotgun sequencing data. However, capture-enrichment data provide reliable estimates of relative (albeit not absolute) mtCNs. Comparisons of mtCN from different tissues of the same individual revealed that mtCNs in different tissues are, with few exceptions, uncorrelated. Hence, each tissue of an individual seems to regulate mtCN in a tissue-related rather than an individual-dependent manner. Skeletal muscle (SM) samples showed an age-related decrease in mtCN that was especially pronounced in males, while there was an age-related increase in mtCN for liver (LIV) samples. MtCN in SM samples was significantly negatively correlated with both the total number of heteroplasmic sites and with minor allele frequency (MAF) at two heteroplasmic sites, 408 and 16327. Heteroplasmies at both sites are highly specific for SM, accumulate with aging and are part of functional elements that regulate mtDNA replication. These data support the hypothesis that selection acting on these heteroplasmic sites is reducing mtCN in SM of older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Wachsmuth
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Hübner
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Burkhard Madea
- Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mark Stoneking
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
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Li X, Xu L, Zhou W, Zhao Q, Wang Y. Chronic exposure to microcystin-LR affected mitochondrial DNA maintenance and caused pathological changes of lung tissue in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 210:48-56. [PMID: 26706032 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), an important variant of cyanotoxin family, was frequently encountered in the contaminated aquatic environment and taken as a potent hepatotoxin. However, a little was known on the association between the long-term MC-LR exposure and lung damage. In this study, we investigated the changes of the pulmonary histopathology, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity and the expression of mtDNA encoded genes in the mice with chronic exposed to MC-LR at different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg/L) for 12 months. Our results showed that the long-term and persistent exposure to MC-LR disturbed the balance of redox system, influenced mtDNA stability, changed the expression of mitochondrial genes in the lung cells. Notably, MC-LR exposure influenced the level of inflammatory cytokines and resulted in thickening of the alveolar septa. In conclusion, chronic exposure to MC-LR affected mtDNA maintenance, and caused lung impairment in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiu Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lizhi Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Qingya Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Bianchessi V, Vinci MC, Nigro P, Rizzi V, Farina F, Capogrossi MC, Pompilio G, Gualdi V, Lauri A. Methylation profiling by bisulfite sequencing analysis of the mtDNA Non-Coding Region in replicative and senescent Endothelial Cells. Mitochondrion 2016; 27:40-7. [PMID: 26910457 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The regulation and function of Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytosine methylation (5 mC) are largely unexplored. Mitochondria, Endothelial Cell (EC) senescence, and cardiovascular dysfunction are closely related. We extensively investigated the mtDNA Non-Coding Region (NCR) methylation pattern and its variations in EC replicative senescence. We observed previously undescribed 5 mC clusters and a biased distribution of 5 mC among DNA sites and throughout the NCR. The methylation pattern in senescent EC showed non-random variations, including the hypo-methylation of mtDNA replication regulatory sites. Additional experiments opened to a possible role for 5 mC in D-loop formation, rather than in mitochondrial gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bianchessi
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino (CCM), IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Nigro
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino (CCM), IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Rizzi
- Genomics Core, Parco Tecnologico Padano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Floriana Farina
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino (CCM), IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio C Capogrossi
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI), IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino (CCM), IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Lauri
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino (CCM), IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
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Yoon CY, Park JT, Kee YK, Han SG, Han IM, Kwon YE, Park KS, Lee MJ, Han SH, Kang SW, Yoo TH. Low Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number is Associated With Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2717. [PMID: 26886611 PMCID: PMC4998611 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction may play an important role in abnormal glucose metabolism and systemic inflammation. We aimed to investigate the relationship between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and clinical outcomes in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We recruited 120 prevalent PD patients and determined mtDNA copy number by PCR. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality, whereas secondary outcomes included cardiovascular events, technical PD failure, and incident malignancy. Cox proportional hazards analysis determined the independent association of mtDNA copy number with outcomes. The mean patient age was 52.3 years; 42.5% were men. The mean log mtDNA copy number was 3.30 ± 0.50. During a follow-up period of 35.4 ± 19.3 months, all-cause mortality and secondary outcomes were observed in 20.0% and 59.2% of patients, respectively. Secondary outcomes were significantly lower in the highest mtDNA copy number group than in the lower groups. In multiple Cox analysis, the mtDNA copy number was not associated with all-cause mortality (lower two vs highest tertile: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.208, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.477-3.061). However, the highest tertile group was significantly associated with lower incidences of secondary outcomes (lower two vs highest tertile: HR [95% CI] = 0.494 [0.277-0.882]) after adjusting for confounding factors. The decreased mtDNA copy number was significantly associated with adverse clinical outcomes in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yun Yoon
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (C-YY, JTP, YKK, SGH, IMH, YEK, KSP, MJL, SHH, S-WK, T-HY), Yonsei University College of Medicine; and Severance Biomedical Science Institute (S-WK, T-HY), Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Knez J, Winckelmans E, Plusquin M, Thijs L, Cauwenberghs N, Gu Y, Staessen JA, Nawrot TS, Kuznetsova T. Correlates of Peripheral Blood Mitochondrial DNA Content in a General Population. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 183:138-46. [PMID: 26702630 PMCID: PMC4706678 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations leads to alterations of mitochondrial biogenesis and function that might produce a decrease in mtDNA content within cells. This implies that mtDNA content might be a potential biomarker associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. However, data on correlates of mtDNA content in a general population are sparse. Our goal in the present study was to describe in a randomly recruited population sample the distribution and determinants of peripheral blood mtDNA content. From 2009 to 2013, we examined 689 persons (50.4% women; mean age = 54.4 years) randomly selected from a Flemish population (Flemish Study on Environment, Genes, and Health Outcomes). Relative mtDNA copy number as compared with nuclear DNA was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood. There was a curvilinear relationship between relative mtDNA copy number and age. mtDNA content slightly increased until the fifth decade of life and declined in older subjects (Page2 = 0.0002). mtDNA content was significantly higher in women (P = 0.007) and increased with platelet count (P < 0.0001), whereas it was inversely associated with white blood cell count (P < 0.0001). We also observed lower mtDNA content in women using estroprogestogens (P = 0.044). This study demonstrated in a general population that peripheral blood mtDNA content is significantly associated with sex and age. Blood mtDNA content is also influenced by platelet and white blood cell counts and estroprogestogen intake. Further studies are required to clarify the impact of chronic inflammation and hormone therapy on mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tatiana Kuznetsova
- Correspondence to Dr. Tatiana Kuznetsova, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Group, University of Leuven, Campus Sint Rafaël, Kapucijnenvoer 35, Box 7001, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium (e-mail: )
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273
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Tyrka AR, Parade SH, Price LH, Kao HT, Porton B, Philip NS, Welch ES, Carpenter LL. Alterations of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Telomere Length With Early Adversity and Psychopathology. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:78-86. [PMID: 25749099 PMCID: PMC4503518 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere shortening and alterations of mitochondrial biogenesis are involved in cellular aging. Childhood adversity is associated with telomere shortening, and several investigations have shown short telomeres in psychiatric disorders. Recent studies have examined whether mitochondria might be involved in neuropsychiatric conditions; findings are limited and no prior work has examined this in relation to stress exposure. METHODS Two-hundred ninety healthy adults provided information on childhood parental loss and maltreatment and completed diagnostic interviews. Participants were categorized into four groups based upon the presence or absence of childhood adversity and the presence or absence of lifetime psychopathology (depressive, anxiety, and substance use disorders). Telomere length and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number were measured from leukocyte DNA by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Childhood adversity and lifetime psychopathology were each associated with shorter telomeres (p < .01) and higher mtDNA copy numbers (p < .001). Significantly higher mtDNA copy numbers and shorter telomeres were seen in individuals with major depression, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders, as well as those with parental loss and childhood maltreatment. A history of substance disorders was also associated with significantly higher mtDNA copy numbers. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence of an alteration of mitochondrial biogenesis with early life stress and with anxiety and substance use disorders. We replicate prior work on telomere length and psychopathology and show that this effect is not secondary to medication use or comorbid medical illness. Finally, we show that early life stress and psychopathology are each associated with these markers of cellular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey R. Tyrka
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stephanie H. Parade
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E. P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Price
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Hung-Teh Kao
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Barbara Porton
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Noah S. Philip
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Emma S. Welch
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Linda L. Carpenter
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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274
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Bersani FS, Morley C, Lindqvist D, Epel ES, Picard M, Yehuda R, Flory J, Bierer LM, Makotkine I, Abu-Amara D, Coy M, Reus VI, Lin J, Blackburn EH, Marmar C, Wolkowitz OM, Mellon SH. Mitochondrial DNA copy number is reduced in male combat veterans with PTSD. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 64:10-7. [PMID: 26120081 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial abnormalities may be involved in PTSD, although few studies have examined this. Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in blood cells is an emerging systemic index of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. The present study assessed mtDNAcn in male combat-exposed veterans with PTSD compared to those without PTSD as well as its correlation with clinical scales. METHODS mtDNAcn was assessed with a TaqMan multiplex assay in granulocytes of 43 male combat veterans with (n=43) or without (n=44) PTSD. Twenty of the PTSD subjects had co-morbid major depressive disorder (MDD). The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Early Trauma Inventory (ETI) and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) were used for the clinical assessments. All analyses were corrected for age and BMI. RESULTS mtDNAcn was significantly lower in subjects with PTSD (p<0.05). Within the PTSD group, those with moderate PTSD symptom severity had relatively higher mtDNAcn than those with mild or severe symptoms (p<0.01). Within the PTSD group, mtDNAcn was positively correlated with PANAS positive subscale ratings (p<0.01) but was not significantly correlated with PANAS negative subscale, ETI or BDI-II ratings. DISCUSSION This study provides the first evidence of: (i) a significant decrease of mtDNAcn in combat PTSD, (ii) a possible "inverted-U" shaped relationship between PTSD symptom severity and mtDNAcn within PTSD subjects, and (iii) a direct correlation of mtDNAcn with positive affectivity within PTSD subjects. Altered mtDNAcn in PTSD may reflect impaired energy metabolism, which might represent a novel aspect of its pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saverio Bersani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claire Morley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Health and Community, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- Department of Psychiatry, MSSM/James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Janine Flory
- Department of Psychiatry, MSSM/James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda M Bierer
- Department of Psychiatry, MSSM/James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iouri Makotkine
- Department of Psychiatry, MSSM/James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Duna Abu-Amara
- Department of Psychiatry, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Coy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victor I Reus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles Marmar
- Department of Psychiatry, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, New York, NY, USA
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Synthia H Mellon
- Department of OB/GYN and Reproductive Science, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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275
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Karimova A, Oltulu YM, Azaklı H, Kara M, Ustek D, Tutluoglu B, Onaran I. Lack of association between increased mitochondrial DNA 4977 deletion and ATP levels of sputum cells from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients versus healthy smokers. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 28:361-369. [PMID: 26713688 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1126826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study we looked at smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in order to evaluate the incidence of 4977 base pair (bp) mtDNA (mtDNA4977) deletion and mtDNA copy number in sputum cells and in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) in relation to mitochondrial function and oxidative stress status. Twenty-five COPD patients who were current smokers, 22 smokers and 23 healthy nonsmokers (for only PBLs studies) participated in this study. The 4977-bp deletion was detected in all examined samples within 40 cyles of PCR amplification, using a quantitative real time PCR. The frequency of the mtDNA4977 was significantly higher in the sputum cells of patients with COPD compared to smokers without COPD (p < 0.0001). This difference was not observed in PBLs. Levels of cellular oxidative stress were significantly higher in the sputum cells of subjects with COPD than in the smoker group. However, mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and cellular ATP levels in PBLs and sputum cells were not significantly different between the studied groups. The Pearson analysis revealed no correlations between the accumulation of mtDNA4977, and intracellular ATP content and ΔΨm values of the sputum cells, although there was a positive correlation between the increase in the percentage of deleted mtDNA4977 and the levels of cellular oxidative stress in COPD patients (r = 0.80, p < 0.0001). Our studies may suggest that the accumulation of mtDNA4977 in the sputum cells of smokers with COPD does not seem to have an important impact on mitochondrial dysfunction in relation to ATP production and ΔΨm when compared to those of healthy smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karimova
- a Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Y M Oltulu
- b Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Sciences Faculty , Biruni University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - H Azaklı
- c Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine , Istanbul Medipol University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - M Kara
- d Department of Genetics, School of Medicine , Mugla University , Mugla , Turkey
| | - D Ustek
- c Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine , Istanbul Medipol University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - B Tutluoglu
- e Department of Pneumology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - I Onaran
- a Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
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276
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Hanafi MY, Saleh MM, Saad MI, Abdelkhalek TM, Kamel MA. Transgenerational effects of obesity and malnourishment on diabetes risk in F2 generation. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 412:269-80. [PMID: 26708218 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Transgenerational inheritance of various diseases and phenotypes has been demonstrated in diverse species and involves various epigenetic markers. Obesity and malnourishment are nutritional stresses that have effects on offspring through increasing their risk of diabetes and/or obesity. Obesity and malnourishment both affect glucose metabolism and alter oxidative stress parameters in key organs. We induced obesity and malnutrition in F0 female rats by the use of obesogenic diet and protein-deficient diet, respectively. F0 obese and malnourished females were mated with control males and their offspring (F1 generation) were maintained on control diets. The male and female F1 offspring were mated with controls and the resultant offspring (F2 generation) were maintained on control diet. Glucose-sensing markers, glucose metabolism, indicators of insulin resistance and oxidative stress parameters were assessed during fetal development and till the adulthood of the offspring. Glucose-sensing genes were significantly over-expressed in distinct fetal tissues of F2 offspring of malnourished F1 females (F2-MF1F), specifically in fetal pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue. Nuclear and mitochondrial 8-oxo-dG DNA content was significantly elevated in F2-MF1F fetal pancreas. Maternal FBG was significantly elevated in F2-MF1F and F2 offspring of obese F1 females (F2-OF1F) during pregnancy. Males and females offspring of F2-OF1 exhibited significantly elevated FBG and impaired OGTT. Offspring of F2-MF1F showed similar results, while that of F2-MF1M did not significantly deviate from controls. F2-OF1F and F2-MF1F offspring exhibited significant deviation in insulin levels and HOMA-IR levels from controls. Malnourishment has a stronger transgenerational effect through maternal line compared to obesity and malnourishment through paternal line in increasing risk of diabetes in F2 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat Y Hanafi
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 Elhorreya Avenue, P.O. Box 21561, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M Saleh
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 Elhorreya Avenue, P.O. Box 21561, Alexandria, Egypt.
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Taha M Abdelkhalek
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 Elhorreya Avenue, P.O. Box 21561, Alexandria, Egypt
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277
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Cai N, Li Y, Chang S, Liang J, Lin C, Zhang X, Liang L, Hu J, Chan W, Kendler KS, Malinauskas T, Huang GJ, Li Q, Mott R, Flint J. Genetic Control over mtDNA and Its Relationship to Major Depressive Disorder. Curr Biol 2015; 25:3170-7. [PMID: 26687620 PMCID: PMC4691240 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Control over the number of mtDNA molecules per cell appears to be tightly regulated, but the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. Reversible alterations in the amount of mtDNA occur in response to stress suggesting that control over the amount of mtDNA is involved in stress-related diseases including major depressive disorder (MDD). Using low-coverage sequence data from 10,442 Chinese women to compute the normalized numbers of reads mapping to the mitochondrial genome as a proxy for the amount of mtDNA, we identified two loci that contribute to mtDNA levels: one within the TFAM gene on chromosome 10 (rs11006126, p value = 8.73 × 10(-28), variance explained = 1.90%) and one over the CDK6 gene on chromosome 7 (rs445, p value = 6.03 × 10(-16), variance explained = 0.50%). Both loci replicated in an independent cohort. CDK6 is thus a new molecule involved in the control of mtDNA. We identify increased rates of heteroplasmy in women with MDD, and show from an experimental paradigm using mice that the increase is likely due to stress. Furthermore, at least one heteroplasmic variant is significantly associated with changes in the amount of mtDNA (position 513, p value = 3.27 × 10(-9), variance explained = 0.48%) suggesting site-specific heteroplasmy as a possible link between stress and increase in amount of mtDNA. These findings indicate the involvement of mitochondrial genome copy number and sequence in an organism's response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Cai
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Yihan Li
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Simon Chang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jieqin Liang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Chongyun Lin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Xiufei Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Lu Liang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Jingchu Hu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Wharton Chan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Tomas Malinauskas
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Beckman Building, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Guo-Jen Huang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Qibin Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Richard Mott
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, UK.
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278
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Kang KW, Kim OS, Chin JY, Kim WH, Park SH, Choi YJ, Shin JH, Jung KT, Lim DS, Lee SK. Diastolic Dysfunction Induced by a High-Fat Diet Is Associated with Mitochondrial Abnormality and Adenosine Triphosphate Levels in Rats. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2015; 30:557-68. [PMID: 26790384 PMCID: PMC4722412 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2015.30.4.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is well-known as a risk factor for heart failure, including diastolic dysfunction. However, this mechanism in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cardiac dysfunction develops when rats are fed with a HFD for 10 weeks; additionally, we sought to investigate the association between mitochondrial abnormalities, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and cardiac dysfunction. METHODS We examined myocardia in Wistar rats after 10 weeks of HFD (45 kcal% fat, n=6) or standard diet (SD, n=6). Echocardiography, histomorphologic analysis, and electron microscopy were performed. The expression levels of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) subunit genes, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC1α) and anti-oxidant enzymes were assessed. Markers of oxidative stress damage, mitochondrial DNA copy number and myocardial ATP level were also examined. RESULTS After 10 weeks, the body weight of the HFD group (349.6±22.7 g) was significantly higher than that of the SD group (286.8±14.9 g), and the perigonadal and epicardial fat weights of the HFD group were significantly higher than that of the SD group. Histomorphologic and electron microscopic images were similar between the two groups. However, in the myocardium of the HFD group, the expression levels of OXPHOS subunit NDUFB5 in complex I and PGC1α, and the mitochondrial DNA copy number were decreased and the oxidative stress damage marker 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine was increased, accompanied by reduced ATP levels. CONCLUSION Diastolic dysfunction was accompanied by the mitochondrial abnormality and reduced ATP levels in the myocardium of 10 weeks-HFD-induced rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Woon Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ok Soon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Chin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Won Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung Tae Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Do Seon Lim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Eulji University College of Health Science, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry-Molecular Biology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
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279
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Im I, Jang MJ, Park SJ, Lee SH, Choi JH, Yoo HW, Kim S, Han YM. Mitochondrial Respiratory Defect Causes Dysfunctional Lactate Turnover via AMP-activated Protein Kinase Activation in Human-induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:29493-505. [PMID: 26491018 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.670364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A defective mitochondrial respiratory chain complex (DMRC) causes various metabolic disorders in humans. However, the pathophysiology of DMRC in the liver remains unclear. To understand DMRC pathophysiology in vitro, DMRC-induced pluripotent stem cells were generated from dermal fibroblasts of a DMRC patient who had a homoplasmic mutation (m.3398T→C) in the mitochondrion-encoded NADH dehydrogenase 1 (MTND1) gene and that differentiated into hepatocytes (DMRC hepatocytes) in vitro. DMRC hepatocytes showed abnormalities in mitochondrial characteristics, the NAD(+)/NADH ratio, the glycogen storage level, the lactate turnover rate, and AMPK activity. Intriguingly, low glycogen storage and transcription of lactate turnover-related genes in DMRC hepatocytes were recovered by inhibition of AMPK activity. Thus, AMPK activation led to metabolic changes in terms of glycogen storage and lactate turnover in DMRC hepatocytes. These data demonstrate for the first time that energy depletion may lead to lactic acidosis in the DMRC patient by reduction of lactate uptake via AMPK in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkyun Im
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Differentiation, and
| | - Mi-Jin Jang
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Differentiation, and
| | | | - Sang-Hee Lee
- BioMedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141 and
| | - Jin-Ho Choi
- the Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Wook Yoo
- the Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyun Kim
- From the Department of Biological Sciences
| | - Yong-Mahn Han
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Differentiation, and
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280
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van Osch FHM, Voets AM, Schouten LJ, Gottschalk RWH, Simons CCJM, van Engeland M, Lentjes MHFM, van den Brandt PA, Smeets HJM, Weijenberg MP. Mitochondrial DNA copy number in colorectal cancer: between tissue comparisons, clinicopathological characteristics and survival. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:1502-10. [PMID: 26476438 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Low mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in tumors has been associated with worse prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study further deciphers the role of mtDNA copy number in CRC by comparing mtDNA copy number between healthy, adenoma and carcinoma tissue, by investigating its association according to several clinicopathological characteristics in CRC, and by relating it to CRC-specific survival in CRC patients. A hospital-based series of samples including cancer, adenoma and adjacent histologically normal tissue from primary CRC patients (n = 56) and recurrent CRC (n = 16) was studied as well as colon mucosa samples from healthy subjects (n = 76). Furthermore, mtDNA copy number was assessed in carcinomas of 693 CRC cases identified from the population-based Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS). MtDNA copy number was significantly lower in carcinoma tissue (P = 0.011) and adjacent tissue (P < 0.001) compared to earlier resected adenoma tissue and in primary CRC tissue compared to recurrent CRC tissue (P = 0.011). Within both study populations, mtDNA copy number was significantly lower in mutated BRAF (P = 0.027 and P = 0.006) and in microsatellite unstable (MSI) tumors (P = 0.033 and P < 0.001) and higher in KRAS mutated tumors (P = 0.004). Furthermore, the association between mtDNA and survival seemed to follow an inverse U-shape with the highest HR observed in the second quintile of mtDNA copy number (HR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.18, 2.44) compared to the first quintile. These results might reflect an association of mtDNA copy number with various malignant processes in cancer cells and warrants further research on tumor energy metabolism in CRC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Manon van Engeland
- Department of Pathology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200MD, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein H F M Lentjes
- Department of Pathology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200MD, The Netherlands
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281
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Song WJ, Jiang P, Cai JP, Zheng ZQ. Expression of Cytoplasmic 8-oxo-Gsn and MTH1 Correlates with Pathological Grading in Human Gastric Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:6335-8. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.15.6335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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282
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Wrede JE, Mengel-From J, Buchwald D, Vitiello MV, Bamshad M, Noonan C, Christiansen L, Christensen K, Watson NF. Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Sleep Duration Discordant Monozygotic Twins. Sleep 2015; 38:1655-8. [PMID: 26039967 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is an important component of mitochondrial function and varies with age, disease, and environmental factors. We aimed to determine whether mtDNA copy number varies with habitual differences in sleep duration within pairs of monozygotic twins. SETTING Academic clinical research center. PARTICIPANTS 15 sleep duration discordant monozygotic twin pairs (30 twins, 80% female; mean age 42.1 years [SD 15.0]). DESIGN Sleep duration was phenotyped with wrist actigraphy. Each twin pair included a "normal" (7-9 h/24) and "short" (< 7 h/24) sleeping twin. Fasting peripheral blood leukocyte DNA was assessed for mtDNA copy number via the n-fold difference between qPCR measured mtDNA and nuclear DNA creating an mtDNA measure without absolute units. We used generalized estimating equation linear regression models accounting for the correlated data structure to assess within-pair effects of sleep duration on mtDNA copy number. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Mean within-pair sleep duration difference per 24 hours was 94.3 minutes (SD 62.6 min). We found reduced sleep duration (β = 0.06; 95% CI 0.004, 0.12; P < 0.05) and sleep efficiency (β = 0.51; 95% CI 0.06, 0.95; P < 0.05) were significantly associated with reduced mtDNA copy number within twin pairs. Thus every 1-minute decrease in actigraphy-defined sleep duration was associated with a decrease in mtDNA copy number of 0.06. Likewise, a 1% decrease in actigraphy-defined sleep efficiency was associated with a decrease in mtDNA copy number of 0.51. CONCLUSIONS Reduced sleep duration and sleep efficiency were associated with reduced mitochondrial DNA copy number in sleep duration discordant monozygotic twins offering a potential mechanism whereby short sleep impairs health and longevity through mitochondrial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E Wrede
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jonas Mengel-From
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dedra Buchwald
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,University of Washington Twin Registry, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael V Vitiello
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Center for Research on the Management of Sleep Disturbances, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael Bamshad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Carolyn Noonan
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,University of Washington Twin Registry, Seattle, WA
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nathaniel F Watson
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,University of Washington Twin Registry, Seattle, WA.,Center for Research on the Management of Sleep Disturbances, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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283
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Al-Kafaji G, Sabry MA, Skrypnyk C. Time-course effect of high-glucose-induced reactive oxygen species on mitochondrial biogenesis and function in human renal mesangial cells. Cell Biol Int 2015; 40:36-48. [PMID: 26251331 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the time-course effect of high-glucose-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) on mitochondrial biogenesis and function in human renal mesangial cells and the effect of direct inhibition of ROS on mitochondria. The cells were cultured for 1, 4, and 7 days in normal glucose or high glucose in the presence and absence of Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride (MnTBAP) or catalase. Mitochondrial ROS production was assessed by confocal microscope. mtDNA copy number and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factors 1 (NRF-1), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) transcripts were analyzed by real-time PCR. PGC-1α, NRF-1, and TFAM proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. Mitochondrial function was determined by assessing mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. High glucose induced significant increases in mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) at day 1, which remained significantly elevated at days 4 and 7. The copy number of mtDNA and expression of PGC-1α, NRF-1, and TFAM were significantly increased at 1 day in high glucose but were significantly decreased at 4 and 7 days. A progressive decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential was observed at 1, 4, and 7 days in high glucose, and this was associated with decreased ATP levels. Treatment of cells with MnTBAP or catalase during high-glucose incubation attenuated ROS production and reversed the alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Increased mitochondrial biogenesis in human renal mesangial cells may be an early adaptive response to high-glucose-induced ROS, and prolonged ROS production induced by chronic high glucose decreased mitochondrial biogenesis and impaired mitochondrial function. Protection of mitochondria from high-glucose-induced ROS may provide a potential approach to retard the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Al-Kafaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine/Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Salmaniya Avenue, Road 2904, Building 293, Block 329, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Mohamed Abdalla Sabry
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Cristina Skrypnyk
- Department of Molecular Medicine/Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Salmaniya Avenue, Road 2904, Building 293, Block 329, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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284
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Cai Q, Guo L, Shen ZR, Wang DY, Zhang Q. Elevation of Pollen Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number by WHIRLY2: Altered Respiration and Pollen Tube Growth in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169. [PMID: 26195569 PMCID: PMC4577393 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the copy number of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can be much lower than the number of mitochondria. The biological significance and regulatory mechanisms of this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Here, using the pollen vegetative cell, we examined the role of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mtDNA-binding protein WHIRLY2 (AtWHY2). AtWHY2 decreases during pollen development, in parallel with the rapid degradation of mtDNA; to examine the importance of this decrease, we used the pollen vegetative cell-specific promoter Lat52 to express AtWHY2. The transgenic plants (LWHY2) had very high mtDNA levels in pollen, more than 10 times more than in the wild type (ecotype Columbia-0). LWHY2 plants were fertile, morphologically normal, and set seeds; however, reciprocal crosses with heterozygous plants showed reduced transmission of LWHY2-1 through the male and slower growth of LWHY2-1 pollen tubes. We found that LWHY2-1 pollen had significantly more reactive oxygen species and less ATP compared with the wild type, indicating an effect on mitochondrial respiration. These findings reveal that AtWHY2 affects mtDNA copy number in pollen and suggest that low mtDNA copy numbers might be the normal means by which plant cells maintain mitochondrial genetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China (Q.C., L.G., Z.-R.S., Q.Z., S.); andKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China (D.-Y.W.)
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China (Q.C., L.G., Z.-R.S., Q.Z., S.); andKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China (D.-Y.W.)
| | - Zhao-Rui Shen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China (Q.C., L.G., Z.-R.S., Q.Z., S.); andKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China (D.-Y.W.)
| | - Dan-Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China (Q.C., L.G., Z.-R.S., Q.Z., S.); andKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China (D.-Y.W.)
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China (Q.C., L.G., Z.-R.S., Q.Z., S.); andKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China (D.-Y.W.)
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285
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Thyagarajan B, Guan W, Fedirko V, Barcelo H, Tu H, Gross M, Goodman M, Bostick RM. No association between mitochondrial DNA copy number and colorectal adenomas. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1290-6. [PMID: 26258394 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite previously reported associations between peripheral blood mtDNA copy number and colorectal cancer, it remains unclear whether altered mtDNA copy number in peripheral blood is a risk factor for colorectal cancer or a biomarker for undiagnosed colorectal cancer. Though colorectal adenomas are well-recognized precursor lesions to colorectal cancer, no study has evaluated an association between mtDNA copy number and colorectal adenoma risk. Hence, we investigated an association between peripheral blood mtDNA copy number and incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma in 412 colorectal adenoma cases and 526 cancer-free controls pooled from three colonoscopy-based case-control studies that used identical methods for case ascertainment, risk factor determination, and biospecimen collection. We also evaluated associations between relative mtDNA copy number and markers of oxidative stress, including circulating F2 -isoprostanes, carotenoids, and fluorescent oxidation products. We measured mtDNA copy number using a quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We used unconditional logistic regression to analyze the association between mtDNA copy number and colorectal adenoma risk after multivariable adjustment. We found no association between logarithmically transformed relative mtDNA copy number, analyzed as a continuous variable, and colorectal adenoma risk (odds ratio = 1.02, 95%CI: 0.82-1.27; P = 0.86). There were no statistically significant associations between relative mtDNA copy number and other markers of oxidative stress. Our findings, taken together with those from previous studies, suggest that relative mtDNA copy number in peripheral blood may more likely be a marker of early colorectal cancer than of risk for the disease or of in vivo oxidative stress. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Pathology, Medical School University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Helene Barcelo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Pathology, Medical School University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Huakang Tu
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Myron Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Pathology, Medical School University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael Goodman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Roberd M Bostick
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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286
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Sun Y, Zhang L, Ho SS, Wu X, Gu J. Lower mitochondrial DNA copy number in peripheral blood leukocytes increases the risk of endometrial cancer. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1111-7. [PMID: 26258624 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the primary source of energy generation in human cells. Low mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) has been associated with obesity and increased risks of several cancers. Since obesity is a significant risk factor for endometrial cancer, we hypothesize that low mtDNA copy number in PBLs is associated with an increased susceptibility to endometrial cancer. Using a Caucasian case-control study, we measured mtDNA copy number in PBLs from 139 endometrial cancer patients and 139 age-matched controls and determined the association of mtDNA copy number with the risk of endometrial cancer using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The normalized mtDNA copy number was significantly lower in endometrial cancer cases (median, 0.84; range, 0.24-2.00) than in controls (median, 1.06; range, 0.64-1.96) (P < 0.001). Dichotomized into high and low groups based on the median mtDNA copy number value in the controls, individuals with low mtDNA copy number had a significantly increased risk of endometrial cancer (adjusted OR, 5.59; 95%CI, 3.05-10.25; P < 0.001) compared to those with high mtDNA copy number. There was a significant dose-response association in tertile analysis. In addition, there was a significant joint effect between lower mtDNA copy number and never smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity in elevating the risk of endometrial cancer. Low mtDNA copy number in PBLs is significantly associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer in Caucasians. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Liren Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Simon S Ho
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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287
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Zabihi Diba L, Mohaddes Ardebili SM, Gharesouran J, Houshmand M. Age-related decrease in mtDNA content as a consequence of mtDNA 4977 bp deletion. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:3008-12. [PMID: 26152346 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1063046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most frequent somatic mutations accumulated during aging in human mitochondrial DNA, the 4977 bp deletion has intrigued scientific interest in recent years. Although many studies have shown a significant increase in the amount of 4977 bp deletion, the findings with respect to an age-dependent escalate of ΔmtDNA4977 bp in blood are still disputatious. Therefore, we investigated the presence of common deletion and mtDNA deletion level in whole blood samples of 100 old individuals (60-90 years). We detected the accumulation of common deletion in 46 old individuals. Consequently, there was statistically significant difference between the aged and young individuals in mitochondrial content (p = 0.01) and deletion levels ranged from 2% to 17% of the total mtDNA (mean: 10% ± 0.02%). We conclude that common deletion has decreased the mtDNA content; however, it is not clearly detectable in the blood as one of the fast replicating tissues comparing with tissues with low mitotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Zabihi Diba
- a Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory , Division of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran and
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Mohaddes Ardebili
- a Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory , Division of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran and
| | - Jalal Gharesouran
- a Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory , Division of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran and
| | - Massoud Houshmand
- b Department of Medical Genetics , National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Tehran , Iran
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288
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Guo W, Zheng B, Guo D, Cai Z, Wang Y. Association of AluYb8 insertion/deletion polymorphism in the MUTYH gene with mtDNA maintain in the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 409:33-40. [PMID: 25829257 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A common AluYb8-element insertion/deletion polymorphism of the MUTYH gene (AluYb8MUTYH) is a novel genetic risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the present study, mtDNA sequencing analysis indicated that the mtDNA sequence heteroplasmy was not associated with AluYb8MUTYH polymorphism. To better understand the genetic risk for T2DM, we investigated the association of this polymorphism with mtDNA content, mtDNA breakage and mtDNA transcription in the leukocytes of T2DM patients. The mtDNA content and unbroken mtDNA were significantly increased in the mutant patients than in the wild-type patients (P <0.05, respectively). However, no association between mtDNA transcription and AluYb8MUTYH variant was observed. The results suggested that the AluYb8MUTYH variant was associated with an altered mtDNA maintain in T2DM patients. The high level of mtDNA content observed in the mutant patients may have resulted from inefficient base excision repair of mitochondrial MUTYH and a compensatory mechanism that is triggered by elevated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, No.22 HanKou Road, Nanjing 210093, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, No.22 HanKou Road, Nanjing 210093, China; Clinical Molecular Diagnostic Center, Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Bixia Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, No.22 HanKou Road, Nanjing 210093, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, No.22 HanKou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, No.22 HanKou Road, Nanjing 210093, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, No.22 HanKou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhenming Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, No.22 HanKou Road, Nanjing 210093, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, No.22 HanKou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, No.22 HanKou Road, Nanjing 210093, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, No.22 HanKou Road, Nanjing 210093, China.
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289
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Context-Dependent Role of Mitochondrial Fusion-Fission in Clonal Expansion of mtDNA Mutations. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004183. [PMID: 25996936 PMCID: PMC4440705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of mutant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules in aged cells has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, age-related diseases and the ageing process itself. This accumulation has been shown to often occur clonally, where mutant mtDNA grow in number and overpopulate the wild-type mtDNA. However, the cell possesses quality control (QC) mechanisms that maintain mitochondrial function, in which dysfunctional mitochondria are isolated and removed by selective fusion and mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), respectively. The aim of this study is to elucidate the circumstances related to mitochondrial QC that allow the expansion of mutant mtDNA molecules. For the purpose of the study, we have developed a mathematical model of mitochondrial QC process by extending our previous validated model of mitochondrial turnover and fusion-fission. A global sensitivity analysis of the model suggested that the selectivity of mitophagy and fusion is the most critical QC parameter for clearing de novo mutant mtDNA molecules. We further simulated several scenarios involving perturbations of key QC parameters to gain a better understanding of their dynamic and synergistic interactions. Our model simulations showed that a higher frequency of mitochondrial fusion-fission can provide a faster clearance of mutant mtDNA, but only when mutant–rich mitochondria that are transiently created are efficiently prevented from re-fusing with other mitochondria and selectively removed. Otherwise, faster fusion-fission quickens the accumulation of mutant mtDNA. Finally, we used the insights gained from model simulations and analysis to propose a possible circumstance involving deterioration of mitochondrial QC that permits mutant mtDNA to expand with age. Mitochondria are responsible for most energy generation in human and animal cells. Loss or pathological alteration of mitochondrial function is a hallmark of many age-related diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction may be a central and conserved feature of the ageing process. As part of quality control (QC), mitochondria are continually replicated and degraded. Furthermore, two mitochondria can fuse to form a single mitochondrion, and a mitochondrion can divide (fission) into two separate organelles. Despite this QC, mutant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules have been observed to accumulate in cells with age which may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we created a detailed mathematical model of mitochondrial QC and performed model simulations to investigate circumstances allowing or preventing the accumulation of mutant mtDNA. We found that more frequent fusion-fission could quicken mutant mtDNA clearance, but only when mitochondria harboring a high fraction of mutant molecules were strongly prevented from fusing with other mitochondria and selectively degraded. Otherwise, faster fusion-fission would actually enhance the accumulation of mutant mtDNA. Our results suggested that the expansion of mutant mtDNA likely involves a decline in the selectivity of mitochondrial degradation and fusion. This insight might open new avenues for experiment and possible development of future therapies.
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290
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Ding L, Liu Y. Borrowing nuclear DNA helicases to protect mitochondrial DNA. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:10870-87. [PMID: 25984607 PMCID: PMC4463680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160510870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In normal cells, mitochondria are the primary organelles that generate energy, which is critical for cellular metabolism. Mitochondrial dysfunction, caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations or an abnormal mtDNA copy number, is linked to a range of human diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, premature aging and cancer. mtDNA resides in the mitochondrial lumen, and its duplication requires the mtDNA replicative helicase, Twinkle. In addition to Twinkle, many DNA helicases, which are encoded by the nuclear genome and are crucial for nuclear genome integrity, are transported into the mitochondrion to also function in mtDNA replication and repair. To date, these helicases include RecQ-like helicase 4 (RECQ4), petite integration frequency 1 (PIF1), DNA replication helicase/nuclease 2 (DNA2) and suppressor of var1 3-like protein 1 (SUV3). Although the nuclear functions of some of these DNA helicases have been extensively studied, the regulation of their mitochondrial transport and the mechanisms by which they contribute to mtDNA synthesis and maintenance remain largely unknown. In this review, we attempt to summarize recent research progress on the role of mammalian DNA helicases in mitochondrial genome maintenance and the effects on mitochondria-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA.
| | - Yilun Liu
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA.
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291
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Chang CC, Jou SH, Lin TT, Lai TJ, Liu CS. Mitochondria DNA change and oxidative damage in clinically stable patients with major depressive disorder. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125855. [PMID: 25946463 PMCID: PMC4422713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare alterations of mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) copy number, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and oxidative damage of mtDNA in clinically stable patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS Patients met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for MDD were recruited from the psychiatric outpatient clinic at Changhua Christian Hospital, Taiwan. They were clinically stable and their medications had not changed for at least the preceding two months. Exclusion criteria were substance-induced psychotic disorder, eating disorder, anxiety disorder or illicit substance abuse. Comparison subjects did not have any major psychiatric disorder and they were medically healthy. Peripheral blood leukocytes were analyzed to compare copy number, SNPs and oxidative damage of mtDNA between the two groups. RESULTS 40 MDD patients and 70 comparison subjects were collected. The median age of the subjects was 42 years and 38 years in MDD and comparison groups, respectively. Leukocyte mtDNA copy number of MDD patients was significantly lower than that of the comparison group (p = 0.037). MDD patients had significantly higher mitochondrial oxidative damage than the comparison group (6.44 vs. 3.90, p<0.001). After generalized linear model adjusted for age, sex, smoking, family history, and psychotropic use, mtDNA copy number was still significantly lower in the MDD group (p<0.001). MtDNA oxidative damage was positively correlated with age (p<0.001) and MDD (p<0.001). Antipsychotic use was negatively associated with mtDNA copy number (p = 0.036). LIMITATIONS The study is cross-sectional with no longitudinal follow up. The cohort is clinically stable and generalizability of our result to other cohort should be considered. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that oxidative stress and mitochondria may play a role in the pathophysiology of MDD. More large-scale studies are warranted to assess the interplay between oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chen Chang
- The Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shaw-Hwa Jou
- Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Tzuchi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Tsung Lin
- Vascular and Genomic Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Te-Jen Lai
- The Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (TJL); (CSL)
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Vascular and Genomic Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (TJL); (CSL)
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292
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Lee SR, Heo HJ, Jeong SH, Kim HK, Song IS, Ko KS, Rhee BD, Kim N, Han J. Low abundance of mitochondrial DNA changes mitochondrial status and renders cells resistant to serum starvation and sodium nitroprusside insult. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:865-72. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ryul Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology; College of Medicine; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center; Inje University; Bokji-Ro 75 Busanjin-gu Busan 614 735 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Heo
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology; College of Medicine; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center; Inje University; Bokji-Ro 75 Busanjin-gu Busan 614 735 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hun Jeong
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology; College of Medicine; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center; Inje University; Bokji-Ro 75 Busanjin-gu Busan 614 735 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology; College of Medicine; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center; Inje University; Bokji-Ro 75 Busanjin-gu Busan 614 735 Republic of Korea
| | - In Sung Song
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology; College of Medicine; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center; Inje University; Bokji-Ro 75 Busanjin-gu Busan 614 735 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Ko
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology; College of Medicine; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center; Inje University; Bokji-Ro 75 Busanjin-gu Busan 614 735 Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Rhee
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology; College of Medicine; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center; Inje University; Bokji-Ro 75 Busanjin-gu Busan 614 735 Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology; College of Medicine; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center; Inje University; Bokji-Ro 75 Busanjin-gu Busan 614 735 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology; College of Medicine; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center; Inje University; Bokji-Ro 75 Busanjin-gu Busan 614 735 Republic of Korea
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293
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Lacedonia D, Carpagnano GE, Crisetti E, Cotugno G, Palladino GP, Patricelli G, Sabato R, Foschino Barbaro MP. Mitochondrial DNA alteration in obstructive sleep apnea. Respir Res 2015; 16:47. [PMID: 25890226 PMCID: PMC4392628 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSAS) is a disease associated with the increase of cardiovascular risk and it is characterized by repeated episodes of Intermittent Hypoxia (IH) which inducing oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. Mitochondria are cell organelles involved in the respiratory that have their own DNA (MtDNA). The aim of this study was to investigate if the increase of oxidative stress in OSAS patients can induce also MtDNA alterations. Methods 46 OSAS patients (age 59.27 ± 11.38; BMI 30.84 ± 3.64; AHI 36.63 ± 24.18) were compared with 36 control subjects (age 54.42 ± 6.63; BMI 29.06 ± 4.7; AHI 3.8 ± 1.10). In blood cells Content of MtDNA and nuclear DNA (nDNA) was measured in OSAS patients by Real Time PCR. The ratio between MtDNA/nDNA was then calculated. Presence of oxidative stress was evaluated by levels of Reactive Oxygen Metabolites (ROMs), measured by diacron reactive oxygen metabolite test (d-ROM test). Results MtDNA/nDNA was higher in patients with OSAS than in the control group (150.94 ± 49.14 vs 128.96 ± 45.8; p = 0.04), the levels of ROMs were also higher in OSAS subjects (329.71 ± 70.17 vs 226 ± 36.76; p = 0.04) and they were positively correlated with MtDNA/nDNA (R = 0.5, p < 0.01). Conclusions In OSAS patients there is a Mitochondrial DNA damage induced by the increase of oxidative stress. Intermittent hypoxia seems to be the main mechanism which leads to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
| | - Giovanna E Carpagnano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Crisetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
| | - Grazia Cotugno
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
| | - Grazia P Palladino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
| | - Giulia Patricelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
| | - Roberto Sabato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
| | - Maria P Foschino Barbaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
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294
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Li X, Zhao Q, Zhou W, Xu L, Wang Y. Effects of chronic exposure to microcystin-LR on hepatocyte mitochondrial DNA replication in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:4665-4672. [PMID: 25723732 DOI: 10.1021/es5059132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are produced by cyanobacterial blooms, and microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most toxic among the 80 MC variants. Data have shown that the liver is one of the specific target organs for MC-LR, which can cause mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the genetic toxicity of MC-LR in mice drinking water at different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 μg/L) for 12 months. Our results showed that long-term and persistent exposure to MC-LR increased the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels of DNA in liver cells, damaged the integrity of mtDNA and nuclear DNA (nDNA), and altered the mtDNA content. Notably, MC-LR exposure can change the expression of mitochondrial genes and nuclear genes that are critical for regulating mtDNA replication and repairing oxidized DNA. They also further impaired the function of mitochondria and liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiu Li
- †Department of Medical Genetics, and ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingya Zhao
- †Department of Medical Genetics, and ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- †Department of Medical Genetics, and ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhi Xu
- †Department of Medical Genetics, and ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Wang
- †Department of Medical Genetics, and ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
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295
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Mei H, Sun S, Bai Y, Chen Y, Chai R, Li H. Reduced mtDNA copy number increases the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1710. [PMID: 25837486 PMCID: PMC4650546 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many cancer drugs are toxic to cells by activating apoptotic pathways. Previous studies have shown that mitochondria have key roles in apoptosis in mammalian cells, but the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number variation in the pathogenesis of tumor cell apoptosis remains largely unknown. We used the HEp-2, HNE2, and A549 tumor cell lines to explore the relationship between mtDNA copy number variation and cell apoptosis. We first induced apoptosis in three tumor cell lines and one normal adult human skin fibroblast cell line (HSF) with cisplatin (DDP) or doxorubicin (DOX) treatment and found that the mtDNA copy number significantly increased in apoptotic tumor cells, but not in HSF cells. We then downregulated the mtDNA copy number by transfection with shRNA-TFAM plasmids or treatment with ethidium bromide and found that the sensitivity of tumor cells to DDP or DOX was significantly increased. Furthermore, we observed that levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased significantly in tumor cells with lower mtDNA copy numbers, and this might be related to a low level of antioxidant gene expression. Finally, we rescued the increase of ROS in tumor cells with lipoic acid or N-acetyl-L-cysteine and found that the apoptosis rate decreased. Our studies suggest that the increase of mtDNA copy number is a self-protective mechanism of tumor cells to prevent apoptosis and that reduced mtDNA copy number increases ROS levels in tumor cells, increases the tumor cells' sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs, and increases the rate of apoptosis. This research provides evidence that mtDNA copy number variation might be a promising new therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Research Center, Key Laboratory of Hearing Science, Ministry of Health, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - S Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Research Center, Key Laboratory of Hearing Science, Ministry of Health, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Y Bai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Research Center, Key Laboratory of Hearing Science, Ministry of Health, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - R Chai
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - H Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Research Center, Key Laboratory of Hearing Science, Ministry of Health, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
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296
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Rongvaux A, Jackson R, Harman CCD, Li T, West AP, de Zoete MR, Wu Y, Yordy B, Lakhani SA, Kuan CY, Taniguchi T, Shadel GS, Chen ZJ, Iwasaki A, Flavell RA. Apoptotic caspases prevent the induction of type I interferons by mitochondrial DNA. Cell 2015; 159:1563-77. [PMID: 25525875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 593] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which cells undergo death determines whether dying cells trigger inflammatory responses or remain immunologically silent. Mitochondria play a central role in the induction of cell death, as well as in immune signaling pathways. Here, we identify a mechanism by which mitochondria and downstream proapoptotic caspases regulate the activation of antiviral immunity. In the absence of active caspases, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization by Bax and Bak results in the expression of type I interferons (IFNs). This induction is mediated by mitochondrial DNA-dependent activation of the cGAS/STING pathway and results in the establishment of a potent state of viral resistance. Our results show that mitochondria have the capacity to simultaneously expose a cell-intrinsic inducer of the IFN response and to inactivate this response in a caspase-dependent manner. This mechanism provides a dual control, which determines whether mitochondria initiate an immunologically silent or a proinflammatory type of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Rongvaux
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ruaidhrí Jackson
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christian C D Harman
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tuo Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - A Phillip West
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marcel R de Zoete
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Youtong Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Brian Yordy
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Saquib A Lakhani
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Chia-Yi Kuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and The Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CND), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tadatsugu Taniguchi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Gerald S Shadel
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Departments of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Zhijian J Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
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297
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Ashar FN, Moes A, Moore AZ, Grove ML, Chaves PH, Coresh J, Newman AB, Matteini AM, Bandeen-Roche K, Boerwinkle E, Walston JD, Arking DE. Association of mitochondrial DNA levels with frailty and all-cause mortality. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:177-186. [PMID: 25471480 PMCID: PMC4319988 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is altered with age and variants in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) modulate risk for several age-related disease states. However, the association of mtDNA copy number, a readily available marker which reflects mitochondrial depletion, energy reserves, and oxidative stress, on aging and mortality in the general population has not been addressed. To assess the association between mtDNA copy number and two primary outcomes--prevalent frailty and all-cause mortality--we utilize data from participants who were from two multicenter, multiethnic, community-based, prospective studies--the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) (1989-2006) and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (1987-2013). A total of 4892 participants (43.3% men) from CHS and 11,509 participants (44.9% men) from ARIC self-identifying as white or black were included in the analysis. mtDNA copy number, the trait of interest, was measured using a qPCR-based method in CHS and an array-based method in ARIC from DNA isolated from whole blood in participants from both cohorts. In race-stratified meta-analyses, we observe a significant inverse association of mtDNA copy number with age and higher mtDNA copy number in women relative to men. Lower mtDNA copy number was also significantly associated with prevalent frailty in white participants from CHS (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.97). Additionally, mtDNA copy number was a strong independent predictor of all-cause mortality in an age- and sex-adjusted, race-stratified analysis of 16,401 participants from both cohorts with a pooled hazard ratio of 1.47 (95% CI 1.33-1.62) for the lowest quintile of mtDNA copy number relative to the highest quintile. Key messages: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is associated with age and sex. Lower mtDNA copy number is also associated with prevalent frailty. mtDNA copy number is a significant predictor of all-cause mortality in a multiethnic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foram N. Ashar
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anna Moes
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ann Z. Moore
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Megan L. Grove
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paulo H.M. Chaves
- Benjamin Leon Center for Geriatric Research and Education and Department of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 St, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anne B. Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Amy M. Matteini
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Karen Bandeen-Roche
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeremy D. Walston
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dan E. Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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298
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Hao XD, Chen P, Wang Y, Li SX, Xie LX. Mitochondrial DNA copy number, but not haplogroup is associated with keratoconus in Han Chinese population. Exp Eye Res 2015; 132:59-63. [PMID: 25613073 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of keratoconus (KC). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is closely related to mitochondrion function, and variations may affect the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and be involved in the pathogenesis of KC. To test whether mtDNA background and copy number confer genetic susceptibility to KC in the Han Chinese population, we performed this association study. We analyzed mtDNA sequence variations in 210 KC patients and 309 matched individuals from China, and classified each subject by haplogroup. Mitochondrial DNA copy number was measured in a subset of these subjects (193 patients and 103 controls). Comparison of matrilineal components of the cases and control populations revealed no significant difference. However, measurement of mtDNA copy number showed that KC patients had significantly lower mtDNA copy numbers than controls (P = 0.0002), even when age, gender, and mtDNA background were considered. Our results suggest that mtDNA copy number, but not haplogroup, is associated with keratoconus, and may contribute to its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Hao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | - Su-Xia Li
- Shandong Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
| | - Li-Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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299
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Abstract
Why the DNA-containing organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria, are inherited maternally is a long standing and unsolved question. However, recent years have seen a paradigm shift, in that the absoluteness of uniparental inheritance is increasingly questioned. Here, we review the field and propose a unifying model for organelle inheritance. We argue that the predominance of the maternal mode is a result of higher mutational load in the paternal gamete. Uniparental inheritance evolved from relaxed organelle inheritance patterns because it avoids the spread of selfish cytoplasmic elements. However, on evolutionary timescales, uniparentally inherited organelles are susceptible to mutational meltdown (Muller's ratchet). To prevent this, fall-back to relaxed inheritance patterns occurs, allowing low levels of sexual organelle recombination. Since sexual organelle recombination is insufficient to mitigate the effects of selfish cytoplasmic elements, various mechanisms for uniparental inheritance then evolve again independently. Organelle inheritance must therefore be seen as an evolutionary unstable trait, with a strong general bias to the uniparental, maternal, mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Greiner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Johanna Sobanski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam-Golm, Germany
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300
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O'Sullivan JM, Doynova MD, Antony J, Pichlmuller F, Horsfield JA. Insights from space: potential role of diet in the spatial organization of chromosomes. Nutrients 2014; 6:5724-39. [PMID: 25514390 PMCID: PMC4276994 DOI: 10.3390/nu6125724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We can now sequence and identify genome wide epigenetic patterns and perform a variety of "genomic experiments" within relatively short periods of time-ranging from days to weeks. Yet, despite these technological advances, we have a poor understanding of the inter-relationships between epigenetics, genome structure-function, and nutrition. Perhaps this limitation lies, in part, in our propensity to study epigenetics in terms of the linear arrangement of elements and genes. Here we propose that a more complete understanding of how nutrition impacts on epigenetics and cellular development resides within the inter-relationships between DNA and histone modification patterns and genome function, in the context of spatial organization of chromatin and the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M O'Sullivan
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019 AMC, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Malina D Doynova
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019 AMC, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Jisha Antony
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, The University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Florian Pichlmuller
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019 AMC, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Julia A Horsfield
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, The University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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