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Thompson KN, Odgers CL, Bryan BT, Danese A, Milne BJ, Strange L, Matthews T, Arseneault L. Trajectories of childhood social isolation in a nationally representative cohort: Associations with antecedents and early adulthood outcomes. JCPP ADVANCES 2022; 2:e12073. [PMID: 37431453 PMCID: PMC10242821 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study examined early life antecedents of childhood social isolation, whether these factors accounted for poor outcomes of isolated children, and how these associations varied according to patterns of stability and change in childhood isolation. Methods Participants included 2232 children from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study. We conducted growth mixture modelling (GMM) on combined parent and teacher reports of children's social isolation when children were 5, 7, 10 and 12 years, and we assessed associations with age-5 antecedents and age-18 outcomes using regression analyses. Results We identified three linear developmental trajectories of increasing (4.75%), decreasing (5.25%) and low stable (90.00%) social isolation. Age-5 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, emotional problems, prosocial behaviours, maternal personality (openness) and size of school were associated with the decreasing trajectory of social isolation. When controlling for these antecedents, increasingly isolated children were still more likely to experience ADHD symptoms, loneliness, lower job optimism and lower physical activity at age 18. Conclusions Isolated children follow distinct patterns of change over childhood and isolation seems most detrimental to health at the time it is experienced. Social isolation can be a valuable indicator of co-occurring problems and provide targets for mental health intervention in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine N. Thompson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Candice L. Odgers
- Social Science Research InstituteDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Psychological ScienceUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bridget T. Bryan
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Andrea Danese
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryInstitute of PsychiatryPsychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- National and Specialist CAMHS Trauma, Anxiety, and Depression ClinicSouth London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Barry J. Milne
- Faculty of ArtsCentre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of StatisticsUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Lily Strange
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Timothy Matthews
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Louise Arseneault
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
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Morishima R, Koike H, Kanehara A, Usui K, Okada N, Ando S, Kasai K. Implementation of online classes during national school closure due to COVID-19 and mental health symptoms of adolescents: A cross-sectional survey of 5000 students. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2022; 1:e17. [PMID: 37522092 PMCID: PMC9349532 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim Online classes were implemented in numerous schools during the school closure due to COVID-19. The present study examined the relationship between online classes during national school closure and mental health symptoms after the reopening of schools. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey from October 1 to November 7, 2020 using an anonymous self-reported questionnaire to evaluate 21 junior and senior high schools in the Saitama prefecture of Japan. Out of the 5538 students who were recruited, 5000 agreed to participate. The relationship between the implementation of online classes and mental health symptoms (emotional symptoms, psychotic experience [PE], and smartphone addiction) was evaluated using mixed-effect logistic regression models, while controlling for individual and class-level covariates (e.g., gender, grades). Results Implementation of online classes was reported by 78.2% of classroom teachers, and it was associated with lower rates of emotional symptoms (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.63-0.99, p = 0.040) and smartphone addiction (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.65-0.96, p = 0.020), but not related to PE (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.61-1.36, p = 0.637). Conclusions Implementing online classes during the national school closure might have had a potential protective effect for adolescents' mental health symptoms (especially emotional symptoms and smartphone addiction) after the reopening of schools during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Morishima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- The Health Care Science InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Haruna Koike
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Akiko Kanehara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kaori Usui
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI‐IRCN)The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS)TokyoJapan
| | - Shuntaro Ando
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI‐IRCN)The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS)TokyoJapan
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Withers M, Jahangir T, Kubasova K, Ran MS. Reducing stigma associated with mental health problems among university students in the Asia-Pacific: A video content analysis of student-driven proposals. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:827-835. [PMID: 33827300 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211007511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have demonstrated that mental health problems among university students may be increasing in both prevalence and severity. This study aimed to identify ways to reduce stigma and improve students' utilization of mental health services. METHODS We performed a content analysis on video proposals to address stigma and mental health at universities, submitted by 15 teams from nine Asian-Pacific countries as part of a case competition. We examined five domains: (1) tone; (2) cultural context; (3) mental health issue of focus; (4) prevention versus secondary prevention; and (5) main intervention strategies. RESULTS Five main intervention strategies emerged: (1) educational campaigns; (2) peer interaction and support; (3) counseling; (4) screening; and (5) self-management. The results suggest that mental health literacy is low among students. Educational campaigns and events to increase awareness and reduce stigma were the most commonly incorporated strategy, through film screenings, mental health days, and social media. Building empathy through personal stories from celebrities and other students was also highly recommended. Second, counseling was incorporated in 80% of proposals, with a preference for peers and staff support, and web-based therapy over professional counselors, except in severe cases. Programs to increase social contact were the third most common strategy, suggesting students may feel isolated and disconnected. Creating common spaces for students to interact and pairing of students with and without mental health issues were widely suggested. The use of technology was recommended for self-management of mental health and for mandatory mental health screening, which was generally only recommended for incoming students. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis provides insight into student-generated intervention approaches to prevent and address stigma associated with mental health issues among students. A greater university commitment is needed to provide a range of resources, including education and counseling, to leverage technology, and to foster stronger support networks among students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mellissa Withers
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Tasfia Jahangir
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ksenia Kubasova
- School of Global Studies, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Mao-Sheng Ran
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, China
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Kayaoğlu K, Başcıllar M. Determining the relationship between loneliness and depression in adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional survey. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2022; 35:315-321. [PMID: 35637599 PMCID: PMC9347794 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the present study is to determine the relationship between loneliness and depression felt by adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Design and Methods The study sample consisted of 423 adolescents who volunteered to participate in the study. All participants had internet access and the cognitive ability to express themselves. The participants filled out the Google Documents form that included the “Socio‐demographic Data Form,” “Children's Depression Inventory,” and “Short‐form UCLA Loneliness Scale” to collect data. Findings It was determined that the depression inventory total mean score of the adolescents participating in the study was 55.15 ± 2.88 (high) and the loneliness scale total mean score was 16.43 ± 4.93 (medium). A statistically positive high correlation was found between the depression total mean scores and the loneliness total mean scores of the adolescents (p < 0.05). As the loneliness levels of the adolescents increased, their depression levels increased. Practice Implications Adolescents were more likely to experience mental disorders such as loneliness and depression during and after the pandemic. Governments should focus on the mental health of adolescents in the management of COVID‐19. Clinical services should plan and implement prevention activities, support programs, and services to replace early diagnosis and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Kayaoğlu
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences Malatya Turgut Ozal University Battalgazi Malatya Turkey
| | - Mehmet Başcıllar
- Social Work Department, Faculty of Health Sciences Malatya Turgut Ozal University Battalgazi Malatya Turkey
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Thabrew H, Boggiss AL, Lim D, Schache K, Morunga E, Cao N, Cavadino A, Serlachius AS. Well-being app to support young people during the COVID-19 pandemic: randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058144. [PMID: 35589362 PMCID: PMC9121135 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of 'Whitu: seven ways in seven days', a well-being application (app) for young people. DESIGN Prospective randomised controlled trial of Whitu against waitlist control, with 45 participants in each arm. PARTICIPANTS 90 New Zealand young people aged 16-30 recruited via a social media advertising campaign. SETTING Participants' homes. INTERVENTIONS Developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and refined from a prototype version that was evaluated during a smaller qualitative study, 'Whitu: seven ways in seven days' is a well-being app that, as its name suggests, contains seven modules to help young people (1) recognise and rate emotions, (2) learn relaxation and mindfulness, (3) practice self-compassion and (4) gratitude, (5) connect with others, (6) care for their physical health and (7) engage in goal-setting. It can be completed within a week or as desired. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes were changes in well-being on the WHO 5-item Well-Being Index and Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Secondary outcomes were changes in depression on the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, anxiety on the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale, self-compassion on the Self Compassion Scale-Short Form, stress on the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale, sleep on the single-item Sleep Quality Scale and user engagement on the end-user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale and via qualitative feedback during an online survey. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline, 4 weeks (primary study endpoint) and 3 months, and analysed using linear mixed models with group, time and a group-time interaction. RESULTS At 4 weeks, participants in the Whitu group experienced significantly higher emotional (Mean difference (md) 13.19 (3.96 to 22.42); p=0.005) and mental (md 2.44 (0.27 to 4.61); p=0.027) well-being, self-compassion (md 0.56 (0.28 to 0.83); p<0.001) and sleep (md 1.13 (0.24 to 2.02); p=0.018), and significantly lower stress (md -4.69 (-7.61 to -1.76); p=0.002) and depression (md -5.34 (-10.14 to -0.53); p=0.030), compared with the waitlist controls. Group differences remained statistically significant at 3 months for all outcomes. Symptoms of anxiety were also lower in the intervention group at 4 weeks (p=0.096), with statistically significant differences at 3 months (md -2.31 (-4.54 to -0.08); p=0.042). Usability of Whitu was high (subjective ratings of 4.45 (0.72) and 4.38 (0.79) out of 5 at 4 weeks and 3 months, respectively) and qualitative feedback indicated individual and cultural acceptability of the app. CONCLUSIONS Given the evolving psychological burden of the COVID-19 pandemic, Whitu could provide a clinically effective and scalable means of improving the well-being, mental health and resilience of young people. Replication of current findings with younger individuals and in other settings is planned. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620000516987).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiran Thabrew
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna Lynette Boggiss
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Lim
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kiralee Schache
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eva Morunga
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nic Cao
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alana Cavadino
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna Sofia Serlachius
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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256
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Lopatovska I, Garg R, Turpin O, Yoon JH, Vroom L, Brown D. The kids are alright: adolescents’ experiences during COVID-19 disruption. INFORMATION AND LEARNING SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ils-11-2021-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to understand adolescents’ experiences, negative feelings and coping mechanisms associated with the major disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to develop a baseline for understanding adolescents and their environment to assist future developments of technological and other solutions to mitigate adolescents’ loneliness, improve their wellbeing and strengthen their resilience.
Design/methodology/approach
The data about adolescents’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic was collected through virtual interviews conducted via Zoom. A total of 39 adolescents (aged 12 through 18 years) primarily from the North East of the USA participated in the study. The transcripts of the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Findings
This study found evidence of negative disruptions to adolescents’ social, learning and emotional routines. This study also found that in dealing with the effects of COVID-19 disruption, most of the participants exhibited five key attributes of individual resilience, including social competence, problem-solving, critical consciousness, autonomy and a sense of purpose. External factors supporting resilience were also mentioned, including technology resources, family, school and broader community.
Originality/value
This study relied on first-hand adolescents’ reports of their experiences, feelings and coping strategies during the pandemic. This study applied a resilience framework to interpret the findings and translate them into recommendations for further development of support systems for adolescents.
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257
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Kehusmaa J, Ruotsalainen H, Männikkö N, Alakokkare AE, Niemelä M, Jääskeläinen E, Miettunen J. The association between the social environment of childhood and adolescence and depression in young adulthood - A prospective cohort study. J Affect Disord 2022; 305:37-46. [PMID: 35231482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Good social relationships with parents and peers protect children and adolescents from developing mental disorders in adulthood while several negative experiences increase the risk of depression in later life. METHODS We used population-based cohort data from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort (NFBC) 1986. Participants (n = 6147), their teachers and parents reported factors associated with the social environment of children and adolescents. Diagnoses of depression of cohort members were derived from Finnish nationwide registers. We conducted regression analyses to assess which factors of the social environment of childhood and adolescence were associated with depression in young adulthood. RESULTS Bullying victimization in adolescence was the strongest predictor of depression in young adulthood among girls (OR 2.23: 95% CI 1.47-3.39) and boys (OR 2.44: 95% CI 1.49-4.00). Loneliness and bullying behavior in childhood were associated with depression in boys only. Loneliness in adolescence (OR 1.63: 95% CI 1.30-2.04) was associated with depression among both genders. Spending with the family seemed to protect against the negative impact of bullying and loneliness. LIMITATIONS We used single-item study questions to measure social relationships. These questions do not necessarily describe the phenomena as accurately as the measures validated for them. CONCLUSION Problems in social relationships with peers in childhood and adolescence are associated with depression in young adulthood. Time spent with the family is emphasized in situations in which adolescents have problems in peer-relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kehusmaa
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Heidi Ruotsalainen
- School of Health and Social Care, Oulu University of Applied Sciences, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niko Männikkö
- School of Health and Social Care, Oulu University of Applied Sciences, Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anni-Emilia Alakokkare
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Niemelä
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Erika Jääskeläinen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Bruggeman H, Smith P, Berete F, Demarest S, Hermans L, Braekman E, Charafeddine R, Drieskens S, De Ridder K, Gisle L. Anxiety and Depression in Belgium during the First 15 Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12050141. [PMID: 35621438 PMCID: PMC9137576 DOI: 10.3390/bs12050141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and policy measures enacted to contain the spread of the coronavirus have had nationwide psychological effects. This study aimed to assess the impact of the first 15 months of the COVID-19 pandemic on the level of anxiety (GAD-7 scale) and depression (PHQ-9 scale) of the Belgian adult population. A longitudinal study was conducted from April 2020 to June 2021, with 1838 respondents participating in 6 online surveys. Linear mixed models were used to model the associations between the predictor variables and the mental health outcomes. Results showed that the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression was higher in times of stricter policy measures. Furthermore, after the initial stress from the outbreak, coping and adjustment were observed in participants, as symptoms of anxiety and depression decreased during times of lower policy restrictions to almost the same level as in pre-COVID times (2018). Though time trends were similar for all population subgroups, higher levels of both anxiety and depression were generally found among women, young people, people with poor social support, extraverts, people having pre-existing psychological problems, and people who were infected/exposed to the COVID-19 virus. Therefore, investment in mental health treatment programs and supports, especially for those risk groups, is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Bruggeman
- Sciensano, Epidemiology and Public Health, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.S.); (F.B.); (S.D.); (L.H.); (E.B.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (K.D.R.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pierre Smith
- Sciensano, Epidemiology and Public Health, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.S.); (F.B.); (S.D.); (L.H.); (E.B.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (K.D.R.); (L.G.)
- Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Finaba Berete
- Sciensano, Epidemiology and Public Health, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.S.); (F.B.); (S.D.); (L.H.); (E.B.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (K.D.R.); (L.G.)
| | - Stefaan Demarest
- Sciensano, Epidemiology and Public Health, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.S.); (F.B.); (S.D.); (L.H.); (E.B.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (K.D.R.); (L.G.)
| | - Lize Hermans
- Sciensano, Epidemiology and Public Health, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.S.); (F.B.); (S.D.); (L.H.); (E.B.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (K.D.R.); (L.G.)
| | - Elise Braekman
- Sciensano, Epidemiology and Public Health, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.S.); (F.B.); (S.D.); (L.H.); (E.B.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (K.D.R.); (L.G.)
| | - Rana Charafeddine
- Sciensano, Epidemiology and Public Health, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.S.); (F.B.); (S.D.); (L.H.); (E.B.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (K.D.R.); (L.G.)
| | - Sabine Drieskens
- Sciensano, Epidemiology and Public Health, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.S.); (F.B.); (S.D.); (L.H.); (E.B.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (K.D.R.); (L.G.)
| | - Karin De Ridder
- Sciensano, Epidemiology and Public Health, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.S.); (F.B.); (S.D.); (L.H.); (E.B.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (K.D.R.); (L.G.)
| | - Lydia Gisle
- Sciensano, Epidemiology and Public Health, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.S.); (F.B.); (S.D.); (L.H.); (E.B.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (K.D.R.); (L.G.)
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Lu L, Liu M, Ge B, Bai Z, Liu Z. Adolescent Addiction to Short Video Applications in the Mobile Internet Era. Front Psychol 2022; 13:893599. [PMID: 35619797 PMCID: PMC9127662 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.893599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The adolescent addiction to short video applications is becoming increasingly prominent, which has brought great challenges to the physical and mental health and daily life of the adolescents. This manuscript conducts an empirical study on the contributing factors of the adolescent addiction to short video applications based on the user generated content (UGC). In our study, 96 participants aged 15-25 were surveyed by questionnaire, and then cross-analysis of individual factors and SEM analysis of UGC content factors were carried out. Through the analysis of individual factors of the adolescent addiction from the perspective of gender, age, and family environment, this study reveals that male users are more addicted to the use of applications (APP), and such addiction varies with age, and prolonged family members' use of short video APP can also exacerbate the adolescent addiction degree. Furthermore, through verification of the theoretical model, it indicates that UGC perception and the degree of boredom in daily life have a significant positive effect on the level of addiction to short video applications, and the degree of boredom in daily life plays a significant mediating role between them. Based on the research on the influences of UGC on the adolescent immersive experience, this study proposes a mechanism of the adolescent addiction to the use of short video applications in the mobile Internet age to provide a better service guarantee for the adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Lu
- College of Modern Economics and Management, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China
| | - Mei Liu
- School of Economics and Management, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China
| | - Binchao Ge
- School of Communication and Design, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijin Bai
- School of Economics and Management, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- School of Economics and Management, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China
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Lajunen T, Wróbel B. Acculturation, trust to health care system, and attitudes to COVID-19 vaccination: A comparative study between Polish immigrants in Norway, Polish in Poland, and Norwegians in Norway. CURRENT RESEARCH IN ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 3:100047. [PMID: 35574266 PMCID: PMC9077802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2022.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fast deployment of safe and efficient COVID-19 vaccines has changed the course of the pandemic in many countries reducing COVID-19 death rates and allowing countries to abandon strict measures such as social distancing and restrictions to public events. The vaccination strategy, however, is based on the expected high vaccination rate in the population. Several studies have indicated vaccination hesitancy to be higher in ethnic minority communities, which can lead to unnecessary suffering and loss of lives, worsening pre-existing health inequalities and marginalization of ethnic minority groups. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between acculturation to Norwegian culture, trust in health authorities, and attitude to COVID-19 vaccine among Polish immigrants in Norway. An internet-based survey including questions about attitude to COVID-19 vaccination and trust in the health care system was filled by 150 Polish immigrants in Norway, 256 Polish living in Poland, and 264 Norwegians living in Norway. In addition, the Polish immigrants also answered questions about acculturation to Norway. The results showed that the Polish immigrants in Norway had less positive attitudes to COVID-19 vaccination than the Norwegians, while they did not differ from Polish living in Poland. The Polish immigrants also indicated lower trust in the Norwegian health care system than the Norwegians. In regression analysis, the trust in the values of the health care system was the most important predictor of COVID-19 vaccination attitudes in all three samples. A path model showed that trust in the values of the health care system mediated the effects of acculturation to Norway on COVID-19 vaccination attitudes among Polish immigrants. These results underline the importance of taking ethnic minorities and immigrants into account in the health care system to reduce COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Lajunen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Beata Wróbel
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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261
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Daily prosocial actions during the COVID-19 pandemic contribute to giving behavior in adolescence. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7458. [PMID: 35523982 PMCID: PMC9075144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prosocial actions are a building block for developing mature and caring social relations. However, the global pandemic may hamper adolescents’ prosocial actions. In this preregistered study, we examined the extent to which adolescents provided daily emotional support during the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, 10–25-year-old high school and university students participated at three timepoints (N = 888 at the first timepoint (May 2020); 494 at the second timepoint (Nov 2020) and 373 at the third timepoint (May 2021)). At the first and second timepoint, participants completed 2 weeks of daily diaries on providing emotional support. At all timepoints, participants performed Dictator Games to measure giving to peers, friends and COVID-19 targets (medical doctors, COVID-19 patients, individuals with a poor immune system). Across the three timepoints, adolescents gave more to COVID-19 targets than peers and friends, but giving to COVID-19 target was highest in the beginning of the pandemic (first timepoint relative to second and third timepoint). Results from the first timepoint showed that emotional support directed to friends peaked in mid-adolescence, whereas emotional support towards family members showed a gradual increase from childhood to young adulthood. Furthermore, daily emotional support increased between the first and second timepoint. Daily emotional support to friends predicted giving behavior to all targets, whereas emotional support to family was specifically associated with giving to COVID-19 targets. These findings elucidate the relation between daily actions and prosocial giving to societally-relevant targets in times of crisis, underlying the importance of prosocial experiences during adolescence.
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262
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Afrin S, Nasrullah SM, Dalal K, Tasnim Z, Benzadid MS, Humayra F, Saif-Ur-Rahman KM, Hawlader MDH. Mental health status of adolescents in-home quarantine: a multi-region, cross-sectional study during COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:116. [PMID: 35513856 PMCID: PMC9069420 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The population's mental and physical health worldwide are currently at risk due to the coronavirus pandemic. We evaluated the mental health status of the adolescents trapped indoors because of the precautionary restrictions and prolonged closure of the educational institutions. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted on adolescents from multiple urban and semi-urban areas of Bangladesh from 22 January to 3 February 2021. A self-reported online questionnaire containing questions regarding sociodemographic factors, home quarantine-related factors and mental health symptoms was distributed to collect data. Descriptive analysis, bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to measure the association of the variables. Cronbach's alpha was estimated to present the internal consistency of the scales. Results A total of 322 adolescents (aged 12–19) with a mean age of 16.00 years (SD = 1.84) responded to the invitation. 54.97% (n = 177) of them were male, and the participants were predominantly urban residents (87.27%, n = 281). We observed varying degrees of depression in 67.08%, anxiety in 49.38% and stress in 40.68% of the participants according to DASS-21. Age, sex, education, mother's occupation, total monthly income, playing sports, doing household chores, going out of home, watching television, using the internet, attending online classes, changing food habits, and communicating with friends had a positive significant association with mental health burdens. Conclusion Home quarantine has a noticeable adverse impact on the mental health of teenagers. Psychological evaluations and counselling via online and offline programs are essential to improve adolescents' declining mental health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Afrin
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.,Public Health Professional Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh
| | | | - Koustuv Dalal
- Division of Public Health Science, School of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
| | - Zarrin Tasnim
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.,Division of Public Health Science, School of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Md Shadly Benzadid
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.,Augmedix, Panthapath, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farhin Humayra
- Dept. of Medicine, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - K M Saif-Ur-Rahman
- Health System and Population Studies Division, ICDDRB, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.,Public Health Professional Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh
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263
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Berry E, Jenkins C, Allen S. Facilitators and barriers to social distancing for young people during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:891. [PMID: 35509096 PMCID: PMC9067891 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social (or physical) distancing is an important transmission-prevention behaviour that has been endorsed to minimize COVID-19 transmission. This qualitative study explores the facilitators of and barriers to social distancing for young people during the COVID-19 pandemic, with recognition that young people represent a unique demographic group, with differing psychosocial needs and experiences to other age cohorts. METHODS Qualitative data was collected as part of a larger Qualtrics survey between July 28th 2020 and August 24th 2020. Eligible participants were young people living on the Island of Ireland, aged 16-25 years. The survey design was underpinned by the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation model of behaviour change (COM-B). Semi-inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse comments collected via three free-text survey items. The COM-B model provided a thematic framework to organise subthemes extracted. RESULTS A total of N = 477 young people completed the survey, of which N = 347 provided comments for at least one of three free-text survey items. The majority of respondents lived in Northern Ireland (96%), the average age was 21 years, and most respondents were female (73%) and were students (81%). Key barriers identified included lack of environmental support for social distancing (lack of physical Opportunity to social distance), observing other people not social distancing (lack of social Opportunities supporting social distancing), and missing physical interaction from others (relating to the dissuading influence of automatic Motivational factors i.e. the influence of loneliness). Key facilitators included presence of clear and consistent environmental cues and availability of space to support social distancing (increasing physical Opportunity to social distance), increasing awareness and perceived consequences of risk of transmission (enhancing reflective Motivational factors i.e. perceived benefits (versus costs) of social distancing), and increasing opportunities to observe others' adhering to guidelines (increasing social Opportunities supporting social distancing). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the actions and endorsement of peers and the physical design of environments have a key role in influencing social distancing behaviour among young people living in NI. The COM-B factors identified in this study can inform the development of tailored interventions using models such as the Behaviour Change Wheel. The findings of this study suggest that intervention functions based on peer modelling and physical environmental restructuring and enablement should be priortitised, however it is imperative that interventions are co-designed with young people to foster collaboration and empowerment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Berry
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
| | - Chris Jenkins
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Sarah Allen
- Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency, Northern Ireland Civil Service, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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264
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Potrebić M, Pavković Ž, Puškaš N, Pešić V. The Influence of Social Isolation on Social Orientation, Sociability, Social Novelty Preference, and Hippocampal Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons in Peripubertal Rats – Understanding the Importance of Meeting Social Needs in Adolescence. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:872628. [PMID: 35592640 PMCID: PMC9113078 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.872628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fulfillment of belonging needs underlies a variety of behaviors. In order to understand how social needs unmet during maturation shape everyday life, we examined social motivation and cognition in peripubertal rats, as a rodent model of adolescence, subjected to social isolation (SI) during early and early-to-mid adolescence. The behavioral correlates of social orientation (social space preference), sociability (preference for social over non-social novelty), and social novelty preference (SNP) were examined in group-housed (GH) and single-housed (SH) rats in a 3-chamber test. The response to social odors was examined to gain insights into the developmental role of social odors in motivated social behavior. Differentiation between appetitive (number of visits/approaches) and consummatory (exploratory time) aspects of motivated social behavior was done to determine which facet of social motivation characterizes maturation when social needs are met and which aspect dominates when social needs are unsatisfied. The SI-sensitive parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PVI) in the hippocampus were examined using immunohistochemistry. The main findings are the following: (1) in GH rats, the preference for social space is not evident regardless of animals’ age, while sociability becomes apparent in mid-adolescence strictly through consummatory behavior, along with complete SNP (appetitive, consummatory); (2) SH promotes staying in a social chamber/space regardless of animals’ age and produces an appetitive preference for it only in early-adolescent animals; (3) SH promotes sociability (appetitive, consummatory) regardless of the animals’ age and prevents the SNP; (4) the preference for a social odor is displayed in all the groups through consummatory behavior, while appetitive behavior is evident only in SH rats; (5) the response to social odors does not commensurate directly to the response to conspecifics; (6) SH does not influence PVI in the hippocampus, except in the case of early-adolescence when a transient decrease in the dentate gyrus is observed. These results accentuate the developmental complexity of social motivation and cognition, and the power of SI in adolescence to infringe social maturation at different functional levels, promoting appetitive behavior toward peers overall but harming the interest for social novelty. The findings emphasize the importance of the fulfillment of basic social needs in the navigation through the social world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Potrebić
- Molecular Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željko Pavković
- Molecular Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nela Puškaš
- Institute of Histology and Embryology “Aleksandar Đ. Kostić”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Pešić
- Molecular Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Vesna Pešić,
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265
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Martínez-García A. Contributions of universal school-based mental health promotion to the wellbeing of adolescents and preadolescents: a systematic review of educational interventions. HEALTH EDUCATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/he-07-2021-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe study aims to determine the contributions of universal school-based educational programs to the current and future worldwide youth mental health condition.Design/methodology/approachA systematic search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Academic education and health databases including ERIC, Education Database, APA PsycInfo, APA PsycArticles, Psychology Database, and PubMed were used. Characteristics and outcomes of educational interventions developed in school settings and education potential for mental health promotion were examined.FindingsUniversal school-based mental health educational programs positively affect preadolescents and adolescents. The study review provided further insight into educational programs' characteristics and identified two primary curricula foci: mental health education and development of resiliency traits and skills.Originality/valueResearch on mental health promotion using a pedagogical approach is rare as most studies focus on mental health symptomatology and psychotherapy techniques training.
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266
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Troxel WM, Palimaru AI, Klein DJ, Dong L, Dickerson DL, Brown RA, Johnson CL, D’Amico EJ. Changes in Sleep-Wake Patterns and Disturbances Before and During COVID-19 in Urban American Indian/ Alaska Native Adolescents. Behav Sleep Med 2022; 20:343-356. [PMID: 34989300 PMCID: PMC9167151 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2021.2022679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has profoundly affected sleep, although little research has focused on high-risk populations for poor sleep health, including American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) adolescents. METHODS This is the first longitudinal study to examine changes in sleep with surveys completed before the pandemic and during the early months of COVID-19 in a sample of urban AI/AN adolescents (N = 118; mean age = 14 years at baseline; 63% female). We use a mixed-methods approach to explore how COVID-19 affected urban AI/AN adolescents' sleep, daily routines, and interactions with family and culture. Quantitative analysis examined whether pandemic-related sleep changes were significant and potential moderators of COVID-19's effect on sleep, including family and community cohesion and engagement in traditional practices. RESULTS : Findings demonstrate changes in sleep, including increases in sleep duration, delays in bedtimes and waketimes, and increases in sleep-wake disturbances (p's <.001). Higher levels of family cohesion and higher levels of engagement in traditional practices moderated pandemic-related increases in weekday sleep duration. Qualitative analyses revealed changes in adolescents' sleep and daily behaviors, as well as strategies adolescents used to cope with pandemic-related disruptions in sleep and routines. CONCLUSION Findings demonstrate positive and negative changes in sleep during COVID-19 stay-at-home orders, including simultaneous increases in sleep duration and sleep-wake disturbances. Results highlight the importance of considering multi-level influences on adolescent sleep, such as early school start times, family dynamics, and cultural factors. A multi-level approach may help guide prevention and intervention efforts to improve adolescent sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lu Dong
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA
| | - Daniel L. Dickerson
- UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Program, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA
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267
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Duan W, Kong Y, Bu H, Guan Q, Chen Z, Luo Q, Zhang J. The Online Strength-Informed Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Among COVID-19-Affected Adolescents. RESEARCH ON SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE 2022; 32:465-474. [PMID: 38603081 PMCID: PMC8841394 DOI: 10.1177/10497315211067270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study develops and investigates the changes in anxiety symptoms and quality of life (QoL) among participants of the online Strength-informed Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (SACT) across three tests. METHODS A small-scale, quasi-experiment with no control group was conducted. Repeated-measures analysis was employed to assess the changes of the three tests, which were the pre-experimental, post-test, and 3-month follow-up test. A total of 47 adolescents (ages 10-12) completed the 45-min intervention that lasted 10 weeks. RESULTS Compared with the pre-experimental, the post-test indicated significant anxiety symptoms reduction but not a statistically significant increase in QoL. The 3-month follow-up test indicated reduced anxiety symptoms and improved QoL compared with the pre-experimental. The with-in subject changes were substantial. CONCLUSIONS The online SACT is a promising model to reduce anxiety symptoms and promote QoL among adolescents during the current COVID-19 pandemic, which show both short- and long-term benefit to the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Duan
- School of Social and Public Administration, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yansi Kong
- School of Social and Public Administration, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - He Bu
- Department of Social & Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiujie Guan
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Institute of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiansheng Luo
- Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone Huangling Primary School, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone Huangling Primary School, Wuhan, China
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268
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Camerini AL, Albanese E, Marciano L. The impact of screen time and green time on mental health in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2022; 7:100204. [PMID: 35611352 PMCID: PMC9121633 DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the life of children and adolescents in an unprecedented way. In the present study, we focused on two activities that have been likely affected by mitigation measures: screen time and green time. We investigated how both influenced each other during the pandemic, how they affected children’s and adolescents' mental health, and which role socio-demographic characteristics have in predicting screen time, green time, and mental health. We used data collected between autumn 2020 and spring 2021 from 844 participants aged 5 to 19 of a population-based, prospective cohort study in Canton Ticino, Italian-speaking Switzerland. We analyzed the data using an extended version of the Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model with time-invariant socio-demographic covariates and mental health as outcome. Results showed that, at the between-person level, screen time was a risk factor and green time a protective factor of mental health. However, within-person deviations of screen time and green time during the pandemic did not consistently predict mental health. Furthermore, they did not influence each other over time. Gender, age, perceived economic situation of the family, Body Mass Index and the availability of green space nearby all influenced stable measures of green time and screen time (i.e., random intercepts). Our results highlight the need for targeted actions to promote green time and raise awareness about the detrimental effect of screen time on children’s and adolescents’ mental health.
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269
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Bjørknes R, Sandal GM, Mæland S, Haug E, Lehmann S. 'We are unlikely to return to the same world, and I do not want it to destroy my future.' Young people's worries through the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. CHILD & FAMILY SOCIAL WORK 2022; 27:246-253. [PMID: 34899030 PMCID: PMC8653047 DOI: 10.1111/cfs.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore what worries youth were having during the seventh to ninth week of the COVID-19 lockdown. Our findings build on the responses to an open-ended survey question from 1314 youths. The worries covered three main themes: 'That my mom dies, then I am left all alone': worries related to COVID-19 virus infection; 'To me, this is lost youth': worries about the consequences of measures for the present life and near future; and 'I will face a very difficult life in the future': worries about the consequences of measures for the outlook on life. Young people worried that the measures would have a huge impact on their present life and outlook on life. The costs of restriction measures were unevenly distributed and indicated that the measures affected their mental health. Listening to youth voices during the pandemic is important for practitioners, educators and policymakers. The results indicate that the threshold for closing schools also including the provision of distance learning should be kept high. Social and health services for youth should offer early intervention and be prepared for an escalation in mental health problems in the imminent future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragnhild Bjørknes
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, Faculty of PsychologyThe University of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Gro Mjeldheim Sandal
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of PsychologyThe University of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Silje Mæland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of MedicineThe University of BergenBergenNorway
- Research Unit for General Practice in BergenThe Norwegian Research Center, NORCEBergenNorway
| | - Ellen Haug
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, Faculty of PsychologyThe University of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of EducationNLA University CollegeBergenNorway
| | - Stine Lehmann
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, Faculty of PsychologyThe University of BergenBergenNorway
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270
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Villanti AC, LePine SE, Peasley-Miklus C, West JC, Roemhildt M, Williams R, Copeland WE. COVID-related distress, mental health, and substance use in adolescents and young adults. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2022; 27:138-145. [PMID: 35253363 PMCID: PMC9018497 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the impact of COVID-related disruptions on mental health and substance use in young people residing in a state with an initially lower COVID burden and earlier reopening of in-person learning than other states. METHODS Data come from Waves 3 (Fall 2019) and 4 (Fall 2020) of the Policy and Communication Evaluation (PACE) Vermont, an online cohort study of adolescents (ages 12-17) and young adults (ages 18-25). Participants in Wave 4 (212 adolescents; 662 young adults) completed items on COVID-related stressors, the impact of the pandemic on their substance use, brief mental health scales, and past 30-day substance use. Analyses examined correlational and longitudinal relationships between COVID-related stressors, mental health symptoms, and substance use. RESULTS More than 60% of participants noted negative effects of the pandemic on their physical, emotional, and social well-being, with greater impacts of COVID-related stressors in young adults than adolescents. There were significant increases in depressive (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.03, 1.66) and anxiety symptoms (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.10, 1.64) in young adults between Fall 2019 and Fall 2020. Higher overall COVID Impact scores were associated with higher odds of depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as past 30-day electronic vapor product use, in adjusted cross-sectional and longitudinal models. CONCLUSIONS Robust associations between COVID-related distress, mental health, and substance use outcomes in young people signal the opportunity to increase evidence-based interventions while adding novel approaches to minimize longer-term harms of the pandemic on mental health in adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Villanti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - S Elisha LePine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Julia C West
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Maria Roemhildt
- Health Surveillance, Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Rhonda Williams
- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT, USA
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271
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Impact of stress on inhibitory neuronal circuits, our tribute to Bruce McEwen. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 19:100460. [PMID: 35734023 PMCID: PMC9207718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript is dedicated to the memory of Bruce S. McEwen, to commemorate the impact he had on how we understand stress and neuronal plasticity, and the profound influence he exerted on our scientific careers. The focus of this review is the impact of stressors on inhibitory circuits, particularly those of the limbic system, but we also consider other regions affected by these adverse experiences. We revise the effects of acute and chronic stress during different stages of development and lifespan, taking into account the influence of the sex of the animals. We review first the influence of stress on the physiology of inhibitory neurons and on the expression of molecules related directly to GABAergic neurotransmission, and then focus on specific interneuron subpopulations, particularly on parvalbumin and somatostatin expressing cells. Then we analyze the effects of stress on molecules and structures related to the plasticity of inhibitory neurons: the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule and perineuronal nets. Finally, we review the potential of antidepressants or environmental manipulations to revert the effects of stress on inhibitory circuits.
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272
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Hamilton JL, Nesi J, Choukas-Bradley S. Reexamining Social Media and Socioemotional Well-Being Among Adolescents Through the Lens of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Theoretical Review and Directions for Future Research. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 17:662-679. [PMID: 34756118 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/5stx4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Social media has rapidly transformed the ways in which adolescents socialize and interact with the world, which has contributed to ongoing public debate about whether social media is helping or harming adolescents. The COVID-19 pandemic has magnified both the challenges and opportunities of adolescents' social-media use, which necessitates revisiting the conversation around teens and social media. In this article, we discuss key aspects of adolescent social-media use and socioemotional well-being and outline how these issues may be amplified in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We use this as a springboard to outline key future research directions for the field, with the goal of moving away from reductionist approaches and toward a more nuanced perspective to understand the who, what, and when of social-media use and its impact on adolescent well-being. We conclude with a commentary on how psychological science can inform the translation of research to provide evidence-based recommendations for adolescent social-media use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqueline Nesi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University
- Bradley Hasbro Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
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273
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Stevic A, Koban K, Binder A, Matthes J. You are not alone: Smartphone use, friendship satisfaction, and anxiety during the COVID-19 crisis. MOBILE MEDIA & COMMUNICATION 2022; 10:294-315. [PMID: 35515341 PMCID: PMC9019501 DOI: 10.1177/20501579211051820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to 'stay-at-home' measures, individuals increasingly relied on smartphones for social connection and for obtaining information about the COVID-19 pandemic. In a two-wave panel survey (N Time2 = 416), we investigated associations between different types of smartphone use (i.e., communicative and non-communicative), friendship satisfaction, and anxiety during the first lockdown in Austria. Our findings revealed that communicative smartphone use increased friendship satisfaction over time, validating how smartphones can be a positive influence in difficult times. Friendship satisfaction decreased anxiety after one month, signaling the importance of strong friendship networks during the crisis. Contrary to our expectations, non-communicative smartphone use had no effects on friendship satisfaction or anxiety over time. Reciprocal effects showed that anxiety increased both types of smartphone use over time. These findings are discussed in the context of mobile media effects related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Stevic
- Anja Stevic, Department of Communication, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 29, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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274
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Bastide J, Barruel D, Masson VDL, Gourevitch R, Pham A. Urgences psychiatriques chez les 15–25 ans durant la première année de la crise sanitaire : une étude épidémiologique descriptive dans le plus grand centre d’urgences psychiatriques français. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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275
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Cantù F, Biagianti B, Lisi I, R Zanier E, Bottino N, Fornoni C, Gallo F, Ginex V, Tombola V, Zito S, Colombo E, Stocchetti N, Brambilla P. Psychotherapeutic and psychiatric intervention in COVID-19 patients and their relatives: the DigiCOVID trial protocol (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e39080. [PMID: 36228130 PMCID: PMC9674079 DOI: 10.2196/39080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic is negatively impacting the mental health of both patients with COVID-19 and the general population. As current guidelines are limiting in-person contacts to reduce the spread of the virus, the development of a digital approach to implement in psychiatric and psychological consultations is needed. In this paper, we present the DigiCOVID protocol, a digital approach to offer remote, personalized psychological and psychiatric support to former or current patients with COVID-19 and their relatives. Objective The main goal of this project is to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and usability of the DigiCOVID protocol. Furthermore, we also aim to assess the impact of the abovementioned protocol by means of pre-post changes in psychological clinical variables. Methods Participants undergo an initial telephonic screening to ensure inclusion criteria are met. Secondly, participants complete a video-assisted neuropsychological IQ test as well as web-based self-reports of health and general well-being. Participants are then assigned to a psychotherapist who offers 8 teletherapy sessions. At the end of the therapy cycle, the web-based questionnaires are administered for a posttreatment evaluation. Results As of April 2022, we enrolled a total of 122 participants, of which 94 have completed neuropsychological tests and web-based questionnaires. Conclusions Our study aims at testing the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of DigiCOVID, a remote telemedicine protocol for the improvement of psychological and psychiatric health in patients with COVID-19 and their relatives. To date, the approach used seems to be feasible and highly customizable to patients’ needs, and therefore, the DigiCOVID protocol might pave the way for future telepsychiatry-based interventions. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05231018; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05231018?term=NCT05231018 &draw=2&rank=1 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/39080
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Cantù
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Bruno Biagianti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Department of Research and Development, Posit Science Corporation, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ilaria Lisi
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa R Zanier
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Bottino
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Fornoni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Gallo
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Ginex
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Tombola
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvana Zito
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Colombo
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Nino Stocchetti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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276
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Musardo S, Contestabile A, Knoop M, Baud O, Bellone C. Oxytocin neurons mediate the effect of social isolation via the VTA circuits. eLife 2022; 11:73421. [PMID: 35451958 PMCID: PMC9075949 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social interaction during adolescence strongly influences brain function and behavior, and the recent pandemic has emphasized the devastating effect of social distancing on mental health. While accumulating evidence has shown the importance of the reward system in encoding specific aspects of social interaction, the consequences of social isolation on the reward system and the development of social skills later in adulthood are still largely unknown. Here, we found that one week of social isolation during adolescence in male mice increased social interaction at the expense of social habituation and social novelty preference. Behavioral changes were accompanied by the acute hyperexcitability of putative dopamine (pDA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and long-lasting expression of GluA2-lacking AMPARs at excitatory inputs onto pDA neurons that project to the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Social isolation-dependent behavioral deficits and changes in neural activity and synaptic plasticity were reversed by chemogenetic inhibition of oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. These results demonstrate that social isolation in male mice has acute and long-lasting effects on social interaction and suggest that homeostatic adaptations mediate these effects within the reward circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Musardo
- Department of Basic Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Marit Knoop
- Laboratory of Child Growth and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Baud
- Laboratory of Child Growth and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Bellone
- Department of Basic Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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277
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Riiser K, Richardsen KR, Haraldstad K, Helseth S, Torbjørnsen A. "It's hard to keep a distance when you're with someone you really care about"-A qualitative study of adolescents' pandemic-related health literacy and how Covid-19 affects their lives. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266510. [PMID: 35363837 PMCID: PMC8975157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore how adolescents accessed, understood, appraised, and applied information on pandemic preventive measures, how their lives were impacted by long-lasting regulations and how they described their quality of life. METHODS A qualitative design with focus group interviews was used to elaborate on the quantitative survey results obtained and analyzed in a previous survey study from the first phase of the Covid-19 pandemic. Five focus groups with seventeen adolescents were conducted digitally during the second pandemic phase in November and December 2020. The interview data were analyzed with directed content analysis. RESULTS The adolescents reported using traditional media and official websites as sources for Covid-19 information. They engaged in preventive behavior, and washing hands and keeping a distance from strangers had become a habit. However, not being physically close to friends felt strange and unpleasant. The measure most frequently discussed was limiting social contact, which was a constant struggle. No one disputed the authorities' guidelines and rules, but the social restrictions caused boredom and despair, particularly due to interrupted schooling and missed opportunities to engage in life events, and freely socialize with friends. CONCLUSION The adolescents gave an overall impression of being health literate, which corresponds well with the results from our previous survey study. Their descriptions of how they translated protective measures into their everyday lives demonstrate that they took responsibility and accepted personal costs for the collective good. However, life with social restrictions decreased their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti Riiser
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health, OsloMet–Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Kåre Rønn Richardsen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health, OsloMet–Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Haraldstad
- Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Sølvi Helseth
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, OsloMet–Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astrid Torbjørnsen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, OsloMet–Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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278
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Roche KM, Huebner DM, Lambert SF, Little TD. COVID-19 Stressors and Latinx Adolescents' Mental Health Symptomology and School Performance: A Prospective Study. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:1031-1047. [PMID: 35381907 PMCID: PMC8983080 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study addressed the need for research examining impacts of the Coronavirus-19 (COVID) pandemic on Latinx adolescents’ adjustment. Survey data for a probability sample of 547 Latinx adolescents (Mage = 13.71, SD = 0.86; 55.2% female) were collected from 2018 to 2021, including two times both prior to, and during, COVID. Independent variables assessed COVID-related household hospitalization, job/income loss, and adolescents’ increased childcare responsibility. Structural Equation Model results indicated that COVID-related increases in adolescent childcare responsibility were associated with increased internalizing and externalizing symptoms and declines in school performance. COVID hospitalization and job/income loss were associated indirectly, through childcare responsibilities, to worse adolescent outcomes. Family adversities may harm adolescents’ adjustment by burdening adolescents with responsibilities such caring for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Roche
- Department of Prevention & Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave, Suite 300, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
| | - David M Huebner
- Department of Prevention & Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave, Suite 300, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Sharon F Lambert
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Todd D Little
- Department of Educational Psychology, Leadership and Counseling, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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279
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Zhang S, Xiao T, He J. The Influence of a School Social Network Intervention on Adolescent's Health Behaviors: A Gender-Specific Agent-Based Model. Front Public Health 2022; 10:861743. [PMID: 35444977 PMCID: PMC9013940 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.861743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adolescence is a crucial stage for health behavior development, which is associated with health in adulthood. School closures caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have exposed adolescents to an increased risk of obesity due to a lack of physical activity. Although social network interventions provide an effective approach for promoting health-related behavior, current practices neglect gender differences in adolescent behavioral patterns and emotional preferences. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of centrality-based methods integrated with of gender contexts in a social network intervention to improve adolescent's health behavior. Methods We developed an agent-based model (ABM) that supports the small-world characteristics of adolescent social networks. Health-related data for junior middle school students (n = 234, 48% girls) were collected in November 2018, 2019 and 2020 in Tianjin, China. We simulated multiple network-based interventions with different criteria for influential agents (i.e., betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, eigenvector centrality, and PageRank) and a random condition. The rules for generating peer influence and accelerating behavioral changes were based on the diffusion of innovations theory, with gender specifications. Results After the school closures, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents, with a greater increase in girls than in boys (+8.85% vs. +1.65%, p < 0.001). Simulations showed that centrality-based network interventions were more effective than the random condition (average 6.17% per tick vs. 5.22% per tick, p < 0.05), with a higher efficiency in girls than boys (average 3.68% vs. 2.99% per tick, p < 0.05). PageRank outperformed other centrality conditions at the population level (6.37% per tick, p < 0.05). In girls, betweenness centrality was the best method (3.85% per tick, p < 0.05), while in boys, PageRank still had the greatest efficiency (3.21% per tick, p < 0.05). Conclusions We found evidence for gender differences in the negative impact of COVID-19-related school closures and the potential for centrality-based social network interventions to affect adolescent health behavior. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of gender-specific targeting strategies to further promote health-related school programs in the post-pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyi Xiao
- School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie He
- School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
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280
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Özdemir EZ, Bektaş M. Effects of parental attitude and proactive and reactive aggression on cyberbullying and victimization among secondary school students. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:830-839. [PMID: 34003493 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To predict the effect of parental attitude and proactive and reactive aggression on the cyberbully, cyber victims, and cyberbully/victim among students aged 9-14 years. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional, correlational, and predictive study. The sample included 360 students. Data were collected with the "Adolescence Information Form," "Parental Attitude Scale," "Proactive-Reactive Aggression Scale," and "Cyberbully/Victim Questionnaire." Logistic regression analysis was used. FINDINGS This study was determined that proactive-reactive aggression and parental attitude predicted 30.3% of cyberbully/victim cases. Proactive aggression and Internet usage time are essential predictors of cyberbullying cases. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS To protect and improve their children's health, children should be informed about cyberbullying, proactive-reactive aggression, and the duration of Internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Z Özdemir
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Bektaş
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey
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281
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Salmela-Aro K, Upadyaya K, Ronkainen I, Hietajärvi L. Study Burnout and Engagement During COVID-19 Among University Students: The Role of Demands, Resources, and Psychological Needs. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2022; 23:2685-2702. [PMID: 35399578 PMCID: PMC8974799 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic forced most universities to switch from in-person to remote teaching from May 2020 to May 2021. This period covered three semesters of studies, and due to these changes students experienced fundamental changes in their learning. The present research was carried out 3 times during the pandemic (e.g., May 2020, December 2020, and April 2021) to investigate study engagement and burnout, and their associations with various demands, resources, and psychological needs among university students. Self-reports were collected from 1501, 1526, and 1685 university students in Helsinki. The results showed that study burnout increased across the time points, being the highest in April 2021, whereas study engagement was the lowest in December 2020. Further, at the beginning of the pandemic the explanatory power of study-related demands and resources on study burnout and engagement was stronger, whereas in April 2021 the role of psychological needs increased. These results inform strategies to promote students' engagement through distance-learning, mitigating negative effects of the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katariina Salmela-Aro
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 5, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Upadyaya
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 5, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Inka Ronkainen
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 5, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Hietajärvi
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 5, Helsinki, Finland
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282
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Viner R, Russell S, Saulle R, Croker H, Stansfield C, Packer J, Nicholls D, Goddings AL, Bonell C, Hudson L, Hope S, Ward J, Schwalbe N, Morgan A, Minozzi S. School Closures During Social Lockdown and Mental Health, Health Behaviors, and Well-being Among Children and Adolescents During the First COVID-19 Wave: A Systematic Review. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:400-409. [PMID: 35040870 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.5840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE School closures as part of broader social lockdown measures during the COVID-19 pandemic may be associated with the health and well-being of children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE To review published reports on the association of school closures during broader social lockdown with mental health, health behaviors, and well-being in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years, excluding associations with transmission of infection. EVIDENCE REVIEW Eleven databases were searched from inception to September 2020, and machine learning was applied for screening articles. A total of 16 817 records were screened, 151 were reviewed in full text, and 36 studies were included. Quality assessment was tailored to study type. A narrative synthesis of results was undertaken because data did not allow meta-analysis. FINDINGS A total of 36 studies from 11 countries were identified, involving a total of 79 781 children and adolescents and 18 028 parents, which occurred during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (February to July 2020). All evaluated school closure as part of broader social lockdown during the first COVID-19 wave, and the duration of school closure ranged from 1 week to 3 months. Of those, 9 (25%) were longitudinal pre-post studies, 5 (14%) were cohort, 21 (58%) were cross-sectional, and 1 (3%) was a modeling study. Thirteen studies (36%) were high quality, 17 (47%) were medium quality, and 6 (17%) were low quality. Twenty-three studies (64%) were published, 8 (22%) were online reports, and 5 (14%) were preprints. Twenty-five studies (69%) concerning mental health identified associations across emotional, behavioral, and restlessness/inattention problems; 18% to 60% of children and adolescents scored above risk thresholds for distress, particularly anxiety and depressive symptoms, and 2 studies reported no significant association with suicide. Three studies reported that child protection referrals were lower than expected number of referrals originating in schools. Three studies suggested higher screen time usage, 2 studies reported greater social media use, and 6 studies reported lower physical activity. Studies on sleep (10 studies) and diet (5 studies) provided inconclusive evidence on harms. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this narrative synthesis of reports from the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, studies of short-term school closures as part of social lockdown measures reported adverse mental health symptoms and health behaviors among children and adolescents. Associations between school closure and health outcomes and behaviors could not be separated from broader lockdown measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Viner
- UCL Great Ormond St Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Russell
- UCL Great Ormond St Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosella Saulle
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - Helen Croker
- UCL Great Ormond St Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jessica Packer
- UCL Great Ormond St Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dasha Nicholls
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chris Bonell
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Hudson
- UCL Great Ormond St Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Hope
- UCL Great Ormond St Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Ward
- UCL Great Ormond St Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Schwalbe
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Antony Morgan
- Yunus Centre for Social Business and Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Minozzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
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283
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Björling EA, Sonney J, Rodriguez S, Carr N, Zade H, Moon SH. Exploring the Effect of a Nature-based Virtual Reality Environment on Stress in Adolescents. FRONTIERS IN VIRTUAL REALITY 2022; 3:831026. [PMID: 38846011 PMCID: PMC11156422 DOI: 10.3389/frvir.2022.831026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Adolescent mental health is a growing public health issue, with 30% of teens reporting increased stress and 20% of adolescents suffering from depression. Given the scarcity and lack of scalability of mental health services available, the use of self-administered, evidence-based technologies to support adolescent mental health is both timely and imperative. We conducted a mixed-methods pilot study with 31 adolescents ages 14-19 (m = 17.97) to explore the self-administration of a nature-based virtual reality tool. Participant use of the VR environment ranged from 1 to 10 sessions (m = 6.6) at home over a 2-week period while reporting their daily stress and mood levels. All participants completed all of the study protocols, indicating our protocol was feasible and the VR environment engaging. Post-study interviews indicated that most participants found the VR tool to be relaxing and helpful with stress. The themes of Calm Down, Relaxation, and Escape emerged to articulate the participants' experiences using the VR environment. Additionally, participants provided rich data regarding their preferences and activity in the VR environment as well as its effect on their emotional states. Although the sample size was insufficient to determine the impact on depression, we found a significant reduction in momentary stress as a result of using the VR tool. These preliminary data inform our own virtual reality environment design, but also provide evidence of the potential for self-administered virtual reality as a promising tool to support adolescent mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin A. Björling
- Human Centered Design and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jennifer Sonney
- Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sofia Rodriguez
- Human Centered Design and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nora Carr
- Human Centered Design and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Himanshu Zade
- Human Centered Design and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Soo Hyun Moon
- Human Centered Design and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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284
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Mendez I, Sintes A, Pascual JC, Puntí J, Lara A, Briones-Buixassa L, Nicolaou S, Schmidt C, Romero S, Fernández M, Carmona I Farrés C, Soler J, Santamarina-Perez P, Vega D. Borderline personality traits mediate the relationship between low perceived social support and non-suicidal self-injury in a clinical sample of adolescents. J Affect Disord 2022; 302:204-213. [PMID: 35038480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a serious public health concern among adolescents, especially in clinical settings. Social support plays a critical role in the onset and maintenance of NSSI in adolescence. NSSI is closely associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD), yet no previous work has analyzed the mediating role of borderline traits in the relationship between perceived social support (PSS) and NSSI. This study aimed to address this gap. METHODS Participants were 228 adolescent patients (12 to 18 years old), who completed a clinical interview and self-report measures of BPD-traits, current psychological distress, emotion dysregulation and PSS. They were grouped based on the presence (vs. absence) of NSSI. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors of NSSI, and a mediation analysis was conducted to examine the intermediary role of borderline traits in the relationship between PSS and NSSI. RESULTS NSSI was highly prevalent in our sample (58%) and was associated with higher clinical severity. Low PSS predicted NSSI in univariate, but not multivariate regression. Mediation analyses showed that borderline traits fully accounted for the relationship between low PSS and NSSI, even when controlling for current psychological distress and gender. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design through self-report assessment. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that adolescents with low PSS are especially vulnerable for developing NSSI due to elevated BPD traits. In clinical settings, interventions aimed to reduce borderline symptoms may be a promising treatment option for adolescents with NSSI and low PSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iria Mendez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR88, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Sintes
- Servicio de salud mental infantojuvenil, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Pascual
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Puntí
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Hospital de Dia de Adolescentes. Servicio de Salud Mental. Consorci Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Psicología Clínica y de la Salud, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anaís Lara
- Servicio de Psiquiatría y Psicología, ALTHAIA, Xarxa Assistencial i Universitària de Manresa, Barcelona, Manresa, Spain
| | - Laia Briones-Buixassa
- Mental Health and Social Innovation Research Group and Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Stella Nicolaou
- PhD Programme in Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Consorci Sanitari de l'Anoia & Fundació Sanitària d'Igualada, Hospital Universitari d'Igualada. Av. Catalunya 11, Barcelona, Igualada 08700, Spain
| | - Carlos Schmidt
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Consorci Sanitari de l'Anoia & Fundació Sanitària d'Igualada, Hospital Universitari d'Igualada. Av. Catalunya 11, Barcelona, Igualada 08700, Spain
| | - Soledad Romero
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR88, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández
- Servicio de salud mental infantojuvenil, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Carmona I Farrés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Soler
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Santamarina-Perez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR88, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Vega
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Consorci Sanitari de l'Anoia & Fundació Sanitària d'Igualada, Hospital Universitari d'Igualada. Av. Catalunya 11, Barcelona, Igualada 08700, Spain.
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285
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Bosch R, Pagerols M, Prat R, Español-Martín G, Rivas C, Dolz M, Haro JM, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Ribasés M, Casas M. Changes in the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Lockdown: Associated Factors and Life Conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074120. [PMID: 35409803 PMCID: PMC8998498 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among youth by analyzing their emotional/behavioral problems before and during the long-lasting lockdown in Spain. For that purpose, 699 parents with children aged 6–17 and 552 adolescents aged 12–17, who completed the parent and adolescent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at the beginning of 2019, responded to a survey from 26 May to 15 June 2020 that assessed psychological well-being and life conditions during quarantine (i.e., sociodemographic characteristics, situation before the lockdown, physical environment and accompaniment during the lockdown, COVID-related variables). According to both parent- and self-reports, children and youth experienced a significant worsening in emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer problems, and total difficulties subscales. Findings also suggested that impairment was mainly associated with variables related to the child’s situation prior to home quarantine, the quality and quantity of the child’s social networks during the lockdown, the daily routines the child followed, the concerns the child had about health, and the presence of economic and learning problems caused by the COVID-19. Thus, the present investigation emphasizes the need for carefully monitoring the mental health of younger people, provides guidance for the development of interventions that mitigate some of the psychological difficulties faced in a situation of confinement, and highlights the importance of paying special attention to high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Bosch
- SJD MIND Schools Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.); (R.P.); (C.R.); (M.C.)
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (G.E.-M.); (J.A.R.-Q.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.); (J.M.H.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mireia Pagerols
- SJD MIND Schools Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.); (R.P.); (C.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Raquel Prat
- SJD MIND Schools Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.); (R.P.); (C.R.); (M.C.)
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CEES), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Gemma Español-Martín
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (G.E.-M.); (J.A.R.-Q.)
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Psiquiatria, Salut Mental i Addiccions, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Rivas
- SJD MIND Schools Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.); (R.P.); (C.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Montserrat Dolz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.); (J.M.H.); (M.R.)
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.); (J.M.H.); (M.R.)
- Research and Developmental Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (G.E.-M.); (J.A.R.-Q.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.); (J.M.H.); (M.R.)
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Psiquiatria, Salut Mental i Addiccions, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.); (J.M.H.); (M.R.)
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Psiquiatria, Salut Mental i Addiccions, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Casas
- SJD MIND Schools Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.); (R.P.); (C.R.); (M.C.)
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (G.E.-M.); (J.A.R.-Q.)
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286
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Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Leisure among the Youth of Spain. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14073993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly transformed the lives of millions, including young people, who are in a vital stage during which leisure has had a preponderant role in their lifestyles, characterized by the search for experiences outside the family environment and forms of leisure dependent on friendships as a source for well-being (physical, cognitive, social, and emotional). This article explores how leisure becomes a form of negotiation among social needs, normative demands, and a particular crisis. It analyzes the transformations of leisure of young Spanish university students during confinement and the new normality. The sample is made up of 1066 young undergraduate university students between 17 and 25 years old residing in Spain. The quantitative findings revealed that (1) young people now value their leisure more than before the pandemic; (2) young people have transformed their leisure time and feel that their leisure has not been the same and will not be the same again; (3) the pandemic has especially affected their routines, relationships with friends, and psychological well-being; (4) they perceive that society has treated young people unfairly in relation to their leisure. The findings show the need to develop leisure policies and programs that address the short- and medium-term effects and transformations caused by COVID-19 on youth leisure.
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287
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Fernandes MDSV, da Silva TMV, Noll PRES, de Almeida AA, Noll M. Depressive Symptoms and Their Associated Factors in Vocational-Technical School Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063735. [PMID: 35329421 PMCID: PMC8955985 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to compare the prevalence of depressive symptoms, behavioral habits, and QoL in students from two vocational–technical schools, and to determine the association of depressive symptoms with behavioral habits and quality of life (QoL) in these students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with students attending the institution of the Brazilian Federal Network of Professional, Scientific and Technological Education. The students answered a questionnaire on sociodemographic variables, situations related to the COVID-19 pandemic, behavioral habits, QoL, and depressive symptoms. The outcome variable was the presence of depressive symptoms, assessed using the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI). Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was performed. A total of 343 students participated in this study (women, 55.7%; mean age of 16.1 ± 0.93 years). The prevalence of depressive symptoms among students was 43.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 38.0–49.0), and these symptoms were significantly associated with being female (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.72; 95% CI: 1.31–2.27); being in the 10th grade (PR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.18–2.76) and 9th grade (PR 2.08; 95% CI: 1.37–3.18); social isolation (PR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.00–4.14); hunger due to a lack of food at home (PR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.33–2.39); low physical activity levels (PR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.09–2.59); and moderate (PR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.68–4.89) and low QoL (PR: 5.66; 95% CI: 3.48–9.19). The results emphasize the importance of interventions aimed mainly at female students and those in the initial years of high school, in addition to the importance of physical activity, food safety, and QoL to improve the mental health of students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele da Silva Valadão Fernandes
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiano, Goiás 76300-000, Brazil; (T.M.V.d.S.); (P.R.e.S.N.)
- Correspondence: (M.d.S.V.F.); (M.N.)
| | - Thays Martins Vital da Silva
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiano, Goiás 76300-000, Brazil; (T.M.V.d.S.); (P.R.e.S.N.)
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais 38706-328, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Rayanne e Silva Noll
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiano, Goiás 76300-000, Brazil; (T.M.V.d.S.); (P.R.e.S.N.)
- University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo—USP), São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - Matias Noll
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiano, Goiás 76300-000, Brazil; (T.M.V.d.S.); (P.R.e.S.N.)
- Federal University of Goiás, Goiás 74001-970, Brazil
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Correspondence: (M.d.S.V.F.); (M.N.)
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288
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Bourion-Bédès S, Rousseau H, Batt M, Tarquinio P, Lebreuilly R, Sorsana C, Legrand K, Tarquinio C, Baumann C. The effects of living and learning conditions on the health-related quality of life of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 lockdown in the French Grand Est region. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:517. [PMID: 35296280 PMCID: PMC8926099 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 lockdown measures resulted in children and adolescents staying and learning at home. This study investigated health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its associated factors among youth during the first lockdown. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 8- to 18-year-olds from the French Grand Est region. Sociodemographic data and information on living and learning conditions were collected using an online survey. HRQoL was assessed using the KIDSCREEN-27. Multiple regression analysis was performed to explore factors related to low HRQoL in each dimension. RESULTS In total, 471 children from 341 households were included. Difficulties isolating at home were associated with low HRQoL in the psychological well-being (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2-4.0) and parent relations and autonomy (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2-3.8) dimensions. Conflicts with dwelling occupants were related to increased ORs in the psychological well-being (OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.9-4.6), parent relations and autonomy (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.4-3.4) and school environment (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5-3.7) dimensions. Living in an apartment (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-3.1), never leaving home (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.2-5.9), having indoor noise at home (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2-4.6), and having a parent with high anxiety (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-3.1) were associated with low HRQoL in the social support and peers dimension. Children working less than 1 h/day on schoolwork had an increased OR of 3.5 (95% CI: 1.4-9.0) in the school environment dimension. CONCLUSION Living and learning conditions were associated with low HRQoL among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 lockdown. Prevention and intervention programs are needed to support youth by facilitating their interactions and improving their coping and to prepare for future waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Bourion-Bédès
- Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, 78157, Versailles-Le Chesnay, France. .,UR 4360 APEMAC (Health Adjustment, Measurement and Assessment, Interdisciplinary Approaches), University of Lorraine, Nancy, France.
| | - Hélène Rousseau
- Methodology, Data Management and Statistics Unit, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Martine Batt
- InterPsy, GRC Team, University of Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
| | | | | | | | - Karine Legrand
- UR 4360 APEMAC (Health Adjustment, Measurement and Assessment, Interdisciplinary Approaches), University of Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Clinical Investigation Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Cyril Tarquinio
- UR 4360 APEMAC (Health Adjustment, Measurement and Assessment, Interdisciplinary Approaches), University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Cédric Baumann
- UR 4360 APEMAC (Health Adjustment, Measurement and Assessment, Interdisciplinary Approaches), University of Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Methodology, Data Management and Statistics Unit, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France
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289
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Association between the Perceived Household Financial Decline Due to COVID-19 and Smartphone Dependency among Korean Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063303. [PMID: 35328992 PMCID: PMC8951075 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study identified the association between COVID-19-related perceived household financial decline and smartphone dependency among adolescents in South Korea. Data from the 2020 Youth Risk Behavior Survey of Korea was used and 54,809 middle and high school students were included. COVID-19-related perceived household financial decline was categorized as no financial decline, mild, moderate, and severe. Smartphone dependency was calculated by 10 questions and was largely categorized as yes and no, and as normal, low, and high (prevalence rate: 25.0%). Binary and multinomial regression analyses were performed to analyze the association. The more severe the financial decline, the more pronounced the risk of high-risk smartphone dependency (mild financial decline: odds ratio (OR) 1.11, 95% CI 0.96-1.28; moderate: OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04-1.43; severe: OR 2.56, 95% CI 2.06-3.17). Poor family relationships (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.10) and severe social conflict (OR 2.99, 95% CI 2.50-3.58) were also related to smartphone dependency. The ORs were 2.63 with more than three bathrooms and 1.63 with their own bedroom. Smartphone dependency among adolescents is closely related to COVID-19-related perceived household financial decline. As smartphone dependency relates to complicated psychological issues, further evaluation is necessary, especially for vulnerable adolescents.
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290
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Marciano L, Ostroumova M, Schulz PJ, Camerini AL. Digital Media Use and Adolescents' Mental Health During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 9:793868. [PMID: 35186872 PMCID: PMC8848548 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.793868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Covid-19 physical distancing measures had a detrimental effect on adolescents' mental health. Adolescents worldwide alleviated the negative experiences of social distancing by spending more time on digital devices. Through a systematic literature search in eight academic databases (including Eric, Proquest Sociology, Communication & Mass Media Complete, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Pubmed, and Web of Science), the present systematic review and meta-analysis first summarized the existing evidence from 30 studies, published up to September 2021, on the link between mental health and digital media use in adolescents during Covid-19. Digital media use measures included social media, screen time, and digital media addiction. Mental health measures were grouped into conceptually similar dimensions, such as well-being, ill-being, social well-being, lifestyle habits, and Covid-19-related stress. Results showed that, although most studies reported a positive association between ill-being and social media use (r = 0.171, p = 0.011) and ill-being and media addiction (r = 0.434, p = 0.024), not all types of digital media use had adverse consequences on adolescents' mental health. In particular, one-to-one communication, self-disclosure in the context of mutual online friendship, as well as positive and funny online experiences mitigated feelings of loneliness and stress. Hence, these positive aspects of online activities should be promoted. At the same time, awareness of the detrimental effects of addictive digital media use should be raised: That would include making adolescents more aware of adverse mechanisms such as social comparison, fear of missing out, and exposure to negative contents, which were more likely to happen during social isolation and confinement due to the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marciano
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, USI Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Institute of Public Health, USI Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Ostroumova
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, USI Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Peter Johannes Schulz
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, USI Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Linda Camerini
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, USI Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Institute of Public Health, USI Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
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291
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McAneney H, Shier H, Gibbs L, Davies C, De Brún A, Tisdall KM, Corrigan C, Kelly A, Owens J, Okoli O, Wall T, Alves H, Kongats K, Krishna RN, Sheppard-LeMoine D, Wagner FA, Wang JJ, Mutch C, Kroll T, Somanadhan S. Children as innovators: harnessing the creative expertise of children to address practical and psychosocial challenges of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic – COVISION study protocol. HRB Open Res 2022; 4:104. [PMID: 35391787 PMCID: PMC8968158 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13290.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We are currently in a period of transition, from the pre-COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) era and the initial reactive lockdowns, to now the ongoing living with and potentially the after COVID-19 period. Each country is at its own individual stage of this transition, but many have gone through a period of feeling adrift; disconnected from normal lives, habits and routines, finding oneself betwixt and between stages, similar to that of liminality. Children and young people have been particularly affected. Aim: To increase the understanding of home and community-based strategies that contribute to children and young people’s capacity to adjust to societal changes, both during and after pandemics. Moreover, to identify ways in which children’s actions contribute to the capacity of others to adjust to the changes arising from the pandemic. The potential for these activities to influence and contribute to broader social mobilisation will be examined and promoted. Research design: To achieve the aim of this study, a participatory health research approach will be taken. The overarching theoretical framework of the COVISION study is that of liminality. The study design includes four work packages: two syntheses of literature (a rapid realist review and scoping review) to gain an overview of the emerging international context of evidence of psychosocial mitigations and community resilience in pandemics, and more specifically COVID-19; qualitative exploration
of children and young people’s perspective of COVID-19
via creative outlets and reflections; and participatory learning and action through co-production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen McAneney
- UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Education and Innovation in Health Systems (UCD IRIS), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Harry Shier
- UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Education and Innovation in Health Systems (UCD IRIS), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lisa Gibbs
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carmel Davies
- UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Education and Innovation in Health Systems (UCD IRIS), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aoife De Brún
- UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Education and Innovation in Health Systems (UCD IRIS), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kay M. Tisdall
- Childhood & Youth Studies Research Group, Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Ayrton Kelly
- UCD Innovation Academy, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jacinta Owens
- UCD Innovation Academy, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Onyinye Okoli
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tracey Wall
- Children’s Health Ireland, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Hayda Alves
- Rio das Ostras Institute of Humanities and Health, Fluminense Federal University, Rio das Ostras, Brazil
| | - Krystyna Kongats
- Centre for Health Communities, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Revathi N. Krishna
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Carol Mutch
- The School of Critical Studies in Education, Faculty of Education and Social work, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thilo Kroll
- UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Education and Innovation in Health Systems (UCD IRIS), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Suja Somanadhan
- UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Education and Innovation in Health Systems (UCD IRIS), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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292
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Zanolie K, Ma I, Bos MGN, Schreuders E, Vandenbroucke ARE, van Hoorn J, van Duijvenvoorde ACK, Wierenga L, Crone EA, Güroğlu B. Understanding the Dynamics of the Developing Adolescent Brain Through Team Science. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:827097. [PMID: 35273482 PMCID: PMC8902218 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.827097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major goals for research on adolescent development is to identify the optimal conditions for adolescents to grow up in a complex social world and to understand individual differences in these trajectories. Based on influential theoretical and empirical work in this field, achieving this goal requires a detailed understanding of the social context in which neural and behavioral development takes place, along with longitudinal measurements at multiple levels (e.g., genetic, hormonal, neural, behavioral). In this perspectives article, we highlight the promising role of team science in achieving this goal. To illustrate our point, we describe meso (peer relations) and micro (social learning) approaches to understand social development in adolescence as crucial aspects of adolescent mental health. Finally, we provide an overview of how our team has extended our collaborations beyond scientific partners to multiple societal partners for the purpose of informing and including policymakers, education and health professionals, as well as adolescents themselves when conducting and communicating research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiki Zanolie
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Kiki Zanolie
| | - Ili Ma
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marieke G. N. Bos
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Schreuders
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Annelinde R. E. Vandenbroucke
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jorien van Hoorn
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anna C. K. van Duijvenvoorde
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lara Wierenga
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eveline A. Crone
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Berna Güroğlu
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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293
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Freire T, Santana G, Vieira A, Barbosa B. Adolescer in Time of COVID-19's Pandemic: Rationale and Construction Process of a Digital Intervention to Promote Adolescents' Positive Development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052536. [PMID: 35270229 PMCID: PMC8909284 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has severely impacted children's and adolescents' lives due to policies and regulations implemented to slow the virus from spreading, which led to a loss of routine, structure, academic support, and social contacts. Literature also reports a lack of outdoor activity, inappropriate diet, and disruption of sleeping habits as affecting children's and adolescents' lifestyles and well-being. Remarkably, these consequent psychological, behavioral, and emotional changes can compromise their self-esteem, sense of self-efficacy, and self-concept, affecting their immune systems. These maladaptive coping strategies and associated effects may emerge as a failure to access some of the sources of support that might help them cope. Facing this crisis, we aimed at promoting well-being, growth, and the positive development of Portuguese adolescents through an intervention focused on positive coping strategies. We developed "Adolescer in time of COVID-19-A good practices Guide for adolescents in social distancing" as a digital document to be quickly disseminated online, answering the emergent needs of Portuguese youth between 13 and 18 years old during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, we present the rationale and process of construction of this intervention while living within a quarantine period, considering the restrictive measures adopted at the time.
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294
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Funkhouser CJ, Ashaie SA, Gameroff MJ, Talati A, Posner J, Weissman MM, Shankman SA. Prospectively Predicting Adult Depressive Symptoms from Adolescent Peer Dysfunction: a Sibling Comparison Study. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2022; 50:1081-1093. [PMID: 35179692 PMCID: PMC8854477 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-00906-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that peer dysfunction in adolescence predicts depression in adulthood, even when controlling for certain individual- and/or family-level characteristics. However, these studies have not controlled for numerous potential familial confounders, precluding causal inferences. The present study therefore used a sibling comparison design (i.e., comparing siblings within families) to test whether peer dysfunction (e.g., lack of friendships, victimization) in adolescence continues to predict depression in adulthood after accounting for unmeasured familial confounds and individual characteristics in adolescence. Participants’ (N = 85) dysfunction with peers was assessed in adolescence (Mage = 13.21, SD = 3.47) by self- and parent-report, and adult depressive symptoms were assessed up to five times, up to 38 years later. Multilevel modeling was used to examine the effect of adolescent peer dysfunction on adult depressive symptoms after adjusting for familial confounds and/or individual characteristics in adolescence (e.g., baseline depressive symptoms, dysfunctional relations with siblings/parents). Both self-reported (b = 1.28, p < 0.001) and parent-reported (b = 0.56, p = 0.032) adolescent peer dysfunction were associated with greater depressive symptom severity in adulthood in unadjusted models. Self-reported (but not parent-reported) adolescent peer dysfunction continued to predict adult depressive symptoms after controlling for familial confounding and measured covariates such as adolescent depressive symptoms and relations with siblings and parents (b = 1.06, p = 0.035). Although confidence intervals were wide and the potentially confounding effects of numerous individual-level factors were not ruled out, these findings provide preliminary evidence that perceived peer dysfunction in adolescence may be an unconfounded risk factor for depressive symptoms in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter J Funkhouser
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
| | - Sameer A Ashaie
- Center for Aphasia Research and Treatment, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E. Erie Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Marc J Gameroff
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ardesheer Talati
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jonathan Posner
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Myrna M Weissman
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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295
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Happier during lockdown: a descriptive analysis of self-reported wellbeing in 17,000 UK school students during Covid-19 lockdown. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 32:1131-1146. [PMID: 35174418 PMCID: PMC8853175 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01934-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Relatively little research has focused on children and young people (CYP) whose mental health and wellbeing improved during Covid-19 lockdown measures. We aimed to (1) determine the proportion of CYP who self-reported improvement in their mental wellbeing during the first Covid-19 lockdown and (2) describe the characteristics of this group in relation to their peers. We conducted a descriptive analysis of data from the 2020 OxWell Student Survey, a self-report, cross-sectional survey of English CYP. A total of 16,940 CYP primarily aged 8-18 years reported on change in mental wellbeing during lockdown. We characterised these CYP in terms of school, home, relational, and lifestyle factors as well as feelings about returning to school. One-third (33%) of CYP reported improved mental wellbeing during the first UK national lockdown. Compared with peers who reported no change or deterioration, a higher proportion of CYP with improved mental wellbeing reported improved relationships with friends and family, less loneliness and exclusion, reduced bullying, better management of school tasks, and more sleep and exercise during lockdown. In conclusion, a sizeable minority of CYP reported improved mental wellbeing during lockdown. Determining the reasons why these CYP felt they fared better during lockdown and considering how these beneficial experiences can be maintained beyond the pandemic might provide insights into how to promote the future mental health and wellbeing of school-aged CYP. All those working with CYP now have an opportunity to consider whether a systemic shift is needed in order to understand and realise any learnings from experiences during the pandemic.
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296
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Vagos P, Carvalhais L. Online Versus Classroom Teaching: Impact on Teacher and Student Relationship Quality and Quality of Life. Front Psychol 2022; 13:828774. [PMID: 35250769 PMCID: PMC8891569 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.828774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The student-teacher relationship (STR) has been consistently associated to positive and generalized outcomes, though its quality seems to be questioned in online teaching, which in turn has had a negative impact on students and teachers’ wellbeing during school closures forced by the COVID-19 pandemic. The current work compared students and teachers’ perceptions of STR quality and quality of life after online and after classroom teaching, and if STR quality relates with perceived wellbeing across those teaching modalities. Participants were 47 teachers (61.7% female, Mage = 47.85) and 56 students (48.2% female, Mage = 13.13), who self-reported on the quality of STR and quality of life twice: after 3 months of online teaching and after 3 months of classroom teaching. Quality of life remained stable across teaching modalities. Teachers perceived no differences in teacher-student quality across both moments; students perceived higher conflict after classroom teaching. Closeness in STR associated with increased wellbeing and the reverse was true for conflict, though diverse domains of quality of life were implicated across timings and across teachers and students. These findings concur to online teaching being an impersonal experience for students, where conflict is lower due to the absence of social stimuli; alternatively, teachers may be urged to use the STR as a resource to sustain better positive outcomes even when teaching online, both for them and for their students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Vagos
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Humano Portucalense, Universidade Portucalense Infante D. Henrique, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Centro de Investigação em Neuropsicologia e Intervenção Cognitivo-Comportamental (CINEICC), Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Paula Vagos,
| | - Lénia Carvalhais
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Humano Portucalense, Universidade Portucalense Infante D. Henrique, Porto, Portugal
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297
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Ferrante G, Rossini PG, Rousset S, Ostacoli L, Piccinelli C, Carletto S, Giordano L. The emotional side of post-traumatic stress reaction during COVID-19 pandemic: an Italian survey. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:333. [PMID: 35172782 PMCID: PMC8851796 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12749-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social restrictions due to COVID-19 might have had a significant impact on mental health. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of four emotional domains (nervousness, anger, numbness, physiological arousal) in a sample of citizens during the first pandemic wave in 2020, and their association with sociodemographic characteristics, housing conditions and lifestyle modifications. Methods A cross-sectional study based on a self-administered online questionnaire was set up to investigate emotions. Respondents were recruited through a non-probabilistic snowball sampling approach. The SPAN questionnaire was used to measure emotions in the interviewed population. The association between emotions and independent variables (gender, age, marital status, educational level, working condition, housing condition, COVID-19 positivity, sleep disturbance, increase in alcohol consumption and decrease in physical activity) was assessed through the multivariate Poisson regression. Results A total of 6,675 subjects were included in the analysis. Almost half of respondents (48.9%) experienced nervousness, 41.3% anger, 15.6% numbness and 18.8% physiological arousal. Females were more likely to face nervousness, anger and physiological arousal. For all the outcomes a decreasing trend was observed from younger to older. Singles were more likely to experience numbness compared to married people. Increase in alcohol consumption was associated with nervousness, anger and numbness. Decrease in physical activity was associated with nervousness, anger and physiological arousal. Restless sleep was the variable most associated with all emotional domains. Conclusions The first COVID-19 pandemic wave had a significant emotional impact on this sample, especially among younger people, singles and females. Even without reaching clinical relevance, these emotions could represent a form of psychological distress, which requires the implementation of preventive strategies, in particular regarding lifestyle care. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12749-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Ferrante
- SSD Epidemiologia Screening, CPO-AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Via Cavour, 31, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Rousset
- SSD Epidemiologia Screening, CPO-AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Via Cavour, 31, 10123, Torino, Italy.
| | - Luca Ostacoli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristiano Piccinelli
- SSD Epidemiologia Screening, CPO-AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Via Cavour, 31, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Carletto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Livia Giordano
- SSD Epidemiologia Screening, CPO-AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Via Cavour, 31, 10123, Torino, Italy
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298
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Houghton S, Kyron M, Hunter SC, Lawrence D, Hattie J, Carroll A, Zadow C. Adolescents' longitudinal trajectories of mental health and loneliness: The impact of COVID‐19 school closures. J Adolesc 2022; 94:191-205. [PMID: 35353417 PMCID: PMC9087620 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Longitudinal research examining the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) school closures on the mental health of adolescents is scarce. Prolonged periods of physical and social isolation because of such restrictions may have impacted heavily on adolescents’ mental health and loneliness. Methods The current study addresses a major gap by examining the impact of school closures on the mental health and loneliness of 785, 10‐ to 17‐year‐old Western Australian adolescents (mean age = 14.1, SD = 1.31), who were surveyed across four time points: twice before COVID‐19, once as schools closed, and once post reopening of schools. Pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 changes in mental health and loneliness were compared using linear mixed models. Random intercept cross‐lagged panel models (RI‐CLPMs) assessed temporal associations between loneliness, depression symptoms, and positive mental wellbeing. Results Compared with pre‐COVID‐19 symptom levels, there were significant increases in depression symptoms, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and a significant decrease in positive mental wellbeing at different points over time. Symptom change over time differed according to gender and pre‐COVID‐19 symptom severity. Significant increases in positive attitudes towards being alone and feelings of isolation occurred at different points over time. Gender differences were evident. RI‐CLPMs highlighted the predictive significance of friendship quality and having a negative attitude towards being alone over time in relation to depression symptoms. A positive or negative attitude towards being alone was predictive of positive mental wellbeing over time. Conclusion Findings provide evidence that COVID‐19‐related school closures adversely affected adolescents' mental health and feelings of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Houghton
- Graduate School of Education The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Michael Kyron
- Graduate School of Education The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Simon C. Hunter
- Graduate School of Education The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
- Department of Psychology Glasgow Caledonian University Glasgow UK
| | - David Lawrence
- Graduate School of Education The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - John Hattie
- Graduate School of Education The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Annemaree Carroll
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, School of Education The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Corinne Zadow
- Graduate School of Education The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
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299
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Peer victimization, schooling format, and adolescent internalizing symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: Between- and within-person associations across ninth grade. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 35:823-837. [PMID: 35152917 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The current longitudinal study examined how between-person (BP) differences and within-person (WP) fluctuations in adolescents' peer victimization and schooling format across ninth grade related to changes in their internalizing symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 388 adolescents (61% female; Mage = 14.02) who completed three online surveys, administered 3 months apart, from November 2020 to May 2021. Multilevel modeling revealed BP (time-invariant) and WP (time-varying) effects of peer victimization and school instructional format (i.e., in-person; hybrid; online) on internalizing symptoms while accounting for potentially confounding demographic (e.g., gender) and contextual (e.g., COVID-19 positivity rates) factors. Results indicated that adolescents who experienced higher overall levels of peer victimization across the school year, compared to those who experienced lower victimization, reported more severe internalizing symptoms. Whereas relative WP increases in peer victimization predicted corresponding increases in adolescents' depressive and somatic symptoms regardless of schooling format, WP increases in peer victimization only predicted elevated anxiety during months when students attended fully in-person, but not online, school. Adolescents who spent a greater proportion of their school year attending online school also reported less peer victimization across the year. Findings highlight WP fluctuations in the effects of peer victimization on internalizing and contextual variations depending on schooling format.
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300
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A trans-diagnostic cognitive behavioural conceptualisation of the positive and negative roles of social media use in adolescents’ mental health and wellbeing. COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s1754470x22000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Whilst research into the association between social media and mental health is growing, clinical interest in the field has been dominated by a lack of theoretical integration and a focus on pathological patterns of use. Here we present a trans-diagnostic cognitive behavioural conceptualisation of the positive and negative roles of social media use in adolescence, with a focus on how it interacts with common mental health difficulties. Drawing on clinical experience and an integration of relevant theory/literature, the model proposes that particular patterns of social media use be judged as helpful/unhelpful to the extent that they help/hinder the adolescent from satisfying core needs, particularly those relating to acceptance and belonging. Furthermore, it introduces several key interacting processes, including purposeful/habitual modes of engagement, approach/avoidance behaviours, as well as the potential for social media to exacerbate/ameliorate cognitive biases. The purpose of the model is to act as an aide for therapists to collaboratively formulate the role of social media in young people’s lives, with a view to informing treatment, and ultimately, supporting the development of interventions to help young people use social media in the service of their needs and values.
Key learning aims
(1)
To gain an understanding of a trans-diagnostic conceptualisation of social media use and its interaction with common mental health difficulties in adolescence.
(2)
To gain an understanding of relevant research and theory underpinning the conceptualisation.
(3)
To gain an understanding of core processes and dimensions of social media use, and their interaction with common mental health difficulties in this age group, for the purpose of assessment and formulation.
(4)
To stimulate ideas about how to include adolescent service users’ online world(s) in treatment (where indicated), both with respect to potential risks to ameliorate and benefits to capitalise upon.
(5)
To stimulate and provide a framework for clinically relevant research in the field and the development of interventions to support young people to flourish online.
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