251
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Hassan N, McCarville K, Morinaga K, Mengatto CM, Langfelder P, Hokugo A, Tahara Y, Colwell CS, Nishimura I. Titanium biomaterials with complex surfaces induced aberrant peripheral circadian rhythms in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183359. [PMID: 28817668 PMCID: PMC5560683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms maintain a high level of homeostasis through internal feed-forward and -backward regulation by core molecules. In this study, we report the highly unusual peripheral circadian rhythm of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) induced by titanium-based biomaterials with complex surface modifications (Ti biomaterial) commonly used for dental and orthopedic implants. When cultured on Ti biomaterials, human BMSCs suppressed circadian PER1 expression patterns, while NPAS2 was uniquely upregulated. The Ti biomaterials, which reduced Per1 expression and upregulated Npas2, were further examined with BMSCs harvested from Per1::luc transgenic rats. Next, we addressed the regulatory relationship between Per1 and Npas2 using BMSCs from Npas2 knockout mice. The Npas2 knockout mutation did not rescue the Ti biomaterial-induced Per1 suppression and did not affect Per2, Per3, Bmal1 and Clock expression, suggesting that the Ti biomaterial-induced Npas2 overexpression was likely an independent phenomenon. Previously, vitamin D deficiency was reported to interfere with Ti biomaterial osseointegration. The present study demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation significantly increased Per1::luc expression in BMSCs, though the presence of Ti biomaterials only moderately affected the suppressed Per1::luc expression. Available in vivo microarray data from femurs exposed to Ti biomaterials in vitamin D-deficient rats were evaluated by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. A large co-expression network containing Npas2, Bmal1, and Vdr was observed to form with the Ti biomaterials, which was disintegrated by vitamin D deficiency. Thus, the aberrant BMSC peripheral circadian rhythm may be essential for the integration of Ti biomaterials into bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Hassan
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kirstin McCarville
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kenzo Morinaga
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Section of Oral Implantology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Cristiane M. Mengatto
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Peter Langfelder
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Akishige Hokugo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Plastic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yu Tahara
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher S. Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ichiro Nishimura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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252
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Tokuda IT, Okamoto A, Matsumura R, Takumi T, Akashi M. Potential contribution of tandem circadian enhancers to nonlinear oscillations in clock gene expression. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2333-2342. [PMID: 28637769 PMCID: PMC5555660 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-02-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Limit-cycle oscillations require the presence of nonlinear processes. Although mathematical studies have long suggested that multiple nonlinear processes are required for autonomous circadian oscillation in clock gene expression, the underlying mechanism remains controversial. Here we show experimentally that cell-autonomous circadian transcription of a mammalian clock gene requires a functionally interdependent tandem E-box motif; the lack of either of the two E-boxes results in arrhythmic transcription. Although previous studies indicated the role of the tandem motifs in increasing circadian amplitude, enhancing amplitude does not explain the mechanism for limit-cycle oscillations in transcription. In this study, mathematical analysis suggests that the interdependent behavior of enhancer elements including not only E-boxes but also ROR response elements might contribute to limit-cycle oscillations by increasing transcriptional nonlinearity. As expected, introduction of the interdependence of circadian enhancer elements into mathematical models resulted in autonomous transcriptional oscillation with low Hill coefficients. Together these findings suggest that interdependent tandem enhancer motifs on multiple clock genes might cooperatively enhance nonlinearity in the whole circadian feedback system, which would lead to limit-cycle oscillations in clock gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao T Tokuda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Akihiko Okamoto
- Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Matsumura
- Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Toru Takumi
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Makoto Akashi
- Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
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253
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Hara M, Minami Y, Ohashi M, Tsuchiya Y, Kusaba T, Tamagaki K, Koike N, Umemura Y, Inokawa H, Yagita K. Robust circadian clock oscillation and osmotic rhythms in inner medulla reflecting cortico-medullary osmotic gradient rhythm in rodent kidney. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7306. [PMID: 28779094 PMCID: PMC5544761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks in mammals function in most organs and tissues throughout the body. Various renal functions such as the glomerular filtration and excretion of electrolytes exhibit circadian rhythms. Although it has been reported that the expression of the clock genes composing molecular oscillators show apparent daily rhythms in rodent kidneys, functional variations of regional clocks are not yet fully understood. In this study, using macroscopic bioluminescence imaging method of the PER2::Luciferase knock-in mouse kidney, we reveal that strong and robust circadian clock oscillation is observed in the medulla. In addition, the osmotic pressure in the inner medulla shows apparent daily fluctuation, but not in the cortex. Quantitative-PCR analysis of the genes contributing to the generation of high osmotic pressure or the water re-absorption in the inner medulla, such as vasopressin receptors (V1aR, V2R), urea transporter (UT-A2) and water channel (Aqp2) show diurnal variations as well as clock genes. Deficiency of an essential clock gene Bmal1 impairs day-night variations of osmotic pressure gradient in the inner medulla, suggesting that circadian clocks in the medulla part of the kidney may regulate the circadian rhythm of cortico-medullary osmotic pressure gradient, and may contribute physiological day-night rhythm of urination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Hara
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoichi Minami
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Munehiro Ohashi
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsuchiya
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kusaba
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tamagaki
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuya Koike
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Umemura
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Inokawa
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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254
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Gubin DG, Nelaeva AA, Uzhakova AE, Hasanova YV, Cornelissen G, Weinert D. Disrupted circadian rhythms of body temperature, heart rate and fasting blood glucose in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:1136-1148. [PMID: 28759269 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1347670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a progressive disruption of 24-h rhythms in fasting blood glucose (FBG), body temperature (BT) and heart rate (HR) associated with metabolic dysfunction and the development of prediabetes (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in overweight middle-aged (40-69 years old) humans. Increasing BT and HR mean values and declining 24-h BT and HR amplitudes accompany adverse changes in metabolic state. Increased nocturnal BT and a phase delay of the 24-h BT rhythm, deviant 24-h HR profile and a phase advance of the 24-h HR and FBG rhythms are early signs of the PD metabolic state. In T2DM, the 24-h FBG rhythm is no longer detectable, and the 24-h amplitudes of BT and HR are greatly diminished. In addition, lepton and creatinine values were lowered in T2DM. Moreover, positive correlations between FBG and body mass index, BMI, and negative correlations between the 24-h amplitude of FBG and BMI indicate that overweight is an additional factor causing disruption of the circadian rhythms. Further studies on circadian disruption as a consequence of metabolic dysfunction are necessary. The quantitative analysis of changing circadian BT and HR rhythms may provide prognostic markers of T2DM and therapeutic targets for its prevention and correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Gubin
- a Department of Biology , Medical University , Tyumen , Russia
| | - A A Nelaeva
- b Department of Endocrinology , Medical University , Tyumen , Russia
| | - A E Uzhakova
- b Department of Endocrinology , Medical University , Tyumen , Russia
| | - Y V Hasanova
- b Department of Endocrinology , Medical University , Tyumen , Russia
| | - G Cornelissen
- c Halberg Chronobiology Center , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - D Weinert
- d Institute of Biology/Zoology , Martin Luther University , Halle-Wittenberg , Germany
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255
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Simon NML, Dodd AN. A new link between plant metabolism and circadian rhythms? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:995-996. [PMID: 28240779 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noriane M L Simon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Antony N Dodd
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
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256
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Abstract
Over the past 20years, substantive research has firmly implicated the lateral habenula in myriad neural processes including addiction, depression, and sleep. More recently, evidence has emerged suggesting that the lateral habenula is a component of the brain's intrinsic daily or circadian timekeeping system. This system centers on the master circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus that is synchronized to the external world through environmental light information received directly from the eye. Rhythmic clock gene expression in suprachiasmatic neurons drives variation in their electrical activity enabling communication of temporal information, and the organization of circadian rhythms in downstream targets. Here, we review the evidence implicating the lateral habenula as part of an extended neural circadian system. We consider findings suggesting that the lateral habenula is a recipient of circadian signals from the suprachiasmatic nuclei as well as light information from the eye. Further we examine the proposition that the lateral habenula itself expresses intrinsic clock gene and neuronal rhythms. We then speculate on how circadian information communicated from the lateral habenula could influence activity and function in downstream targets such as the ventral tegmental area and raphe nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugh D Piggins
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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257
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Wehrens SMT, Christou S, Isherwood C, Middleton B, Gibbs MA, Archer SN, Skene DJ, Johnston JD. Meal Timing Regulates the Human Circadian System. Curr Biol 2017; 27:1768-1775.e3. [PMID: 28578930 PMCID: PMC5483233 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms, metabolism, and nutrition are intimately linked [1, 2], although effects of meal timing on the human circadian system are poorly understood. We investigated the effect of a 5-hr delay in meals on markers of the human master clock and multiple peripheral circadian rhythms. Ten healthy young men undertook a 13-day laboratory protocol. Three meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) were given at 5-hr intervals, beginning either 0.5 (early) or 5.5 (late) hr after wake. Participants were acclimated to early meals and then switched to late meals for 6 days. After each meal schedule, participants' circadian rhythms were measured in a 37-hr constant routine that removes sleep and environmental rhythms while replacing meals with hourly isocaloric snacks. Meal timing did not alter actigraphic sleep parameters before circadian rhythm measurement. In constant routines, meal timing did not affect rhythms of subjective hunger and sleepiness, master clock markers (plasma melatonin and cortisol), plasma triglycerides, or clock gene expression in whole blood. Following late meals, however, plasma glucose rhythms were delayed by 5.69 ± 1.29 hr (p < 0.001), and average glucose concentration decreased by 0.27 ± 0.05 mM (p < 0.001). In adipose tissue, PER2 mRNA rhythms were delayed by 0.97 ± 0.29 hr (p < 0.01), indicating that human molecular clocks may be regulated by feeding time and could underpin plasma glucose changes. Timed meals therefore play a role in synchronizing peripheral circadian rhythms in humans and may have particular relevance for patients with circadian rhythm disorders, shift workers, and transmeridian travelers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M T Wehrens
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Stag Hill Campus, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Skevoulla Christou
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Stag Hill Campus, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Cheryl Isherwood
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Stag Hill Campus, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Benita Middleton
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Stag Hill Campus, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Michelle A Gibbs
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Stag Hill Campus, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Simon N Archer
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Stag Hill Campus, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Debra J Skene
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Stag Hill Campus, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Jonathan D Johnston
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Stag Hill Campus, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
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258
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Abstract
Chronotherapeutics aim at treating illnesses according to the endogenous biologic rhythms, which moderate xenobiotic metabolism and cellular drug response. The molecular clocks present in individual cells involve approximately fifteen clock genes interconnected in regulatory feedback loops. They are coordinated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei, a hypothalamic pacemaker, which also adjusts the circadian rhythms to environmental cycles. As a result, many mechanisms of diseases and drug effects are controlled by the circadian timing system. Thus, the tolerability of nearly 500 medications varies by up to fivefold according to circadian scheduling, both in experimental models and/or patients. Moreover, treatment itself disrupted, maintained, or improved the circadian timing system as a function of drug timing. Improved patient outcomes on circadian-based treatments (chronotherapy) have been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials, especially for cancer and inflammatory diseases. However, recent technological advances have highlighted large interpatient differences in circadian functions resulting in significant variability in chronotherapy response. Such findings advocate for the advancement of personalized chronotherapeutics through interdisciplinary systems approaches. Thus, the combination of mathematical, statistical, technological, experimental, and clinical expertise is now shaping the development of dedicated devices and diagnostic and delivery algorithms enabling treatment individualization. In particular, multiscale systems chronopharmacology approaches currently combine mathematical modeling based on cellular and whole-body physiology to preclinical and clinical investigations toward the design of patient-tailored chronotherapies. We review recent systems research works aiming to the individualization of disease treatment, with emphasis on both cancer management and circadian timing system–resetting strategies for improving chronic disease control and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Ballesta
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
| | - Pasquale F Innominato
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
| | - Robert Dallmann
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
| | - David A Rand
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
| | - Francis A Lévi
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
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259
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Mellor J. The molecular basis of metabolic cycles and their relationship to circadian rhythms. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2017; 23:1035-1044. [PMID: 27922609 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic cycles result from the partitioning of oxidative and reductive metabolism into rhythmic phases of gene expression and oscillating post-translational protein modifications. Relatively little is known about how these switches in gene expression are controlled, although recent studies have suggested that transcription itself may play a central role. This review explores the molecular basis of the metabolic and gene-expression oscillations in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as how they relate to other biological time-keeping mechanisms, such as circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Mellor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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260
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Jiang P, Turek FW. Timing of meals: when is as critical as what and how much. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 312:E369-E380. [PMID: 28143856 PMCID: PMC6105931 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00295.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, a large body of literature has demonstrated that disruptions of the endogenous circadian clock, whether environmental or genetic, lead to metabolic dysfunctions that are associated with obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders. The phrase, "It is not only what you eat and how much you eat, but also when you eat" sends a simple message about circadian timing and body weight regulation. Communicating this message to clinicians and patients, while also elucidating the neuroendocrine, molecular, and genetic mechanisms underlying this phrase is essential to embrace the growing knowledge of the circadian impact on metabolism as a part of healthy life style as well as to incorporate it into clinical practice for improvement of overall human health. In this review, we discuss findings from animal models, as well as epidemiological and clinical studies in humans, which collectively promote the awareness of the role of circadian clock in metabolic functions and dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Fred W Turek
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
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261
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Shah MS, Brownlee M. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Disorders in Diabetes. Circ Res 2017; 118:1808-29. [PMID: 27230643 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.306923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The clinical correlations linking diabetes mellitus with accelerated atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, and increased post-myocardial infarction fatality rates are increasingly understood in mechanistic terms. The multiple mechanisms discussed in this review seem to share a common element: prolonged increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in diabetic cardiovascular cells. Intracellular hyperglycemia causes excessive ROS production. This activates nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, which inhibits GAPDH, shunting early glycolytic intermediates into pathogenic signaling pathways. ROS and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase also reduce sirtuin, PGC-1α, and AMP-activated protein kinase activity. These changes cause decreased mitochondrial biogenesis, increased ROS production, and disturbed circadian clock synchronization of glucose and lipid metabolism. Excessive ROS production also facilitates nuclear transport of proatherogenic transcription factors, increases transcription of the neutrophil enzyme initiating NETosis, peptidylarginine deiminase 4, and activates the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome. Insulin resistance causes excessive cardiomyocyte ROS production by increasing fatty acid flux and oxidation. This stimulates overexpression of the nuclear receptor PPARα and nuclear translocation of forkhead box O 1, which cause cardiomyopathy. ROS also shift the balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission in favor of increased fission, reducing the metabolic capacity and efficiency of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and ATP synthesis. Mitochondrial oxidative stress also plays a central role in angiotensin II-induced gap junction remodeling and arrhythmogenesis. ROS contribute to sudden death in diabetics after myocardial infarction by increasing post-translational protein modifications, which cause increased ryanodine receptor phosphorylation and downregulation of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(++)-ATPase transcription. Increased ROS also depress autonomic ganglion synaptic transmission by oxidizing the nAch receptor α3 subunit, potentially contributing to the increased risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias associated with diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi S Shah
- From the Diabetes Research Center (M.S.S., M.B.), Departments of Medicine (M.S.S., M.B.), and Pathology (M.B.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY
| | - Michael Brownlee
- From the Diabetes Research Center (M.S.S., M.B.), Departments of Medicine (M.S.S., M.B.), and Pathology (M.B.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY.
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262
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Shostak A. Circadian Clock, Cell Division, and Cancer: From Molecules to Organism. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E873. [PMID: 28425940 PMCID: PMC5412454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a response to environmental changes driven by the Earth's axial rotation, most organisms evolved an internal biological timer-the so called circadian clock-which regulates physiology and behavior in a rhythmic fashion. Emerging evidence suggests an intimate interplay between the circadian clock and another fundamental rhythmic process, the cell cycle. However, the precise mechanisms of this connection are not fully understood. Disruption of circadian rhythms has a profound impact on cell division and cancer development and, vice versa, malignant transformation causes disturbances of the circadian clock. Conventional knowledge attributes tumor suppressor properties to the circadian clock. However, this implication might be context-dependent, since, under certain conditions, the clock can also promote tumorigenesis. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular links regulating the physiological balance between the two cycles will have potential significance for the treatment of cancer and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Shostak
- Circadian Rhythms and Molecular Clocks Group, Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Krishnaiah SY, Wu G, Altman BJ, Growe J, Rhoades SD, Coldren F, Venkataraman A, Olarerin-George AO, Francey LJ, Mukherjee S, Girish S, Selby CP, Cal S, Er U, Sianati B, Sengupta A, Anafi RC, Kavakli IH, Sancar A, Baur JA, Dang CV, Hogenesch JB, Weljie AM. Clock Regulation of Metabolites Reveals Coupling between Transcription and Metabolism. Cell Metab 2017; 25:961-974.e4. [PMID: 28380384 PMCID: PMC5479132 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The intricate connection between the circadian clock and metabolism remains poorly understood. We used high temporal resolution metabolite profiling to explore clock regulation of mouse liver and cell-autonomous metabolism. In liver, ∼50% of metabolites were circadian, with enrichment of nucleotide, amino acid, and methylation pathways. In U2 OS cells, 28% were circadian, including amino acids and NAD biosynthesis metabolites. Eighteen metabolites oscillated in both systems and a subset of these in primary hepatocytes. These 18 metabolites were enriched in methylation and amino acid pathways. To assess clock dependence of these rhythms, we used genetic perturbation. BMAL1 knockdown diminished metabolite rhythms, while CRY1 or CRY2 perturbation generally shortened or lengthened rhythms, respectively. Surprisingly, CRY1 knockdown induced 8 hr rhythms in amino acid, methylation, and vitamin metabolites, decoupling metabolite from transcriptional rhythms, with potential impact on nutrient sensing in vivo. These results provide the first comprehensive views of circadian liver and cell-autonomous metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikumari Y Krishnaiah
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Brian J Altman
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jacqueline Growe
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seth D Rhoades
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Faith Coldren
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anand Venkataraman
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anthony O Olarerin-George
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lauren J Francey
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sarmistha Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Saiveda Girish
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher P Selby
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sibel Cal
- Chemical and Biological Engineering and Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Rumeli Feneri Yolu, 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ubeydullah Er
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bahareh Sianati
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arjun Sengupta
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ron C Anafi
- Department of Medicine and Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - I Halil Kavakli
- Chemical and Biological Engineering and Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Rumeli Feneri Yolu, 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aziz Sancar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chi V Dang
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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264
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Gloston GF, Yoo SH, Chen ZJ. Clock-Enhancing Small Molecules and Potential Applications in Chronic Diseases and Aging. Front Neurol 2017; 8:100. [PMID: 28360884 PMCID: PMC5350099 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal physiological functions require a robust biological timer called the circadian clock. When clocks are dysregulated, misaligned, or dampened, pathological consequences ensue, leading to chronic diseases and accelerated aging. An emerging research area is the development of clock-targeting compounds that may serve as drug candidates to correct dysregulated rhythms and hence mitigate disease symptoms and age-related decline. In this review, we first present a concise view of the circadian oscillator, physiological networks, and regulatory mechanisms of circadian amplitude. Given a close association of circadian amplitude dampening and disease progression, clock-enhancing small molecules (CEMs) are of particular interest as candidate chronotherapeutics. A recent proof-of-principle study illustrated that the natural polymethoxylated flavonoid nobiletin directly targets the circadian oscillator and elicits robust metabolic improvements in mice. We describe mood disorders and aging as potential therapeutic targets of CEMs. Future studies of CEMs will shed important insight into the regulation and disease relevance of circadian clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle F Gloston
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Zheng Jake Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX , USA
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265
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Moraes MN, Mezzalira N, de Assis LVM, Menaker M, Guler A, Castrucci AML. TRPV1 participates in the activation of clock molecular machinery in the brown adipose tissue in response to light-dark cycle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:324-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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266
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Oster H, Challet E, Ott V, Arvat E, de Kloet ER, Dijk DJ, Lightman S, Vgontzas A, Van Cauter E. The Functional and Clinical Significance of the 24-Hour Rhythm of Circulating Glucocorticoids. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:3-45. [PMID: 27749086 PMCID: PMC5563520 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adrenal glucocorticoids are major modulators of multiple functions, including energy metabolism, stress responses, immunity, and cognition. The endogenous secretion of glucocorticoids is normally characterized by a prominent and robust circadian (around 24 hours) oscillation, with a daily peak around the time of the habitual sleep-wake transition and minimal levels in the evening and early part of the night. It has long been recognized that this 24-hour rhythm partly reflects the activity of a master circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. In the past decade, secondary circadian clocks based on the same molecular machinery as the central master pacemaker were found in other brain areas as well as in most peripheral tissues, including the adrenal glands. Evidence is rapidly accumulating to indicate that misalignment between central and peripheral clocks has a host of adverse effects. The robust rhythm in circulating glucocorticoid levels has been recognized as a major internal synchronizer of the circadian system. The present review examines the scientific foundation of these novel advances and their implications for health and disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Oster
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Etienne Challet
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Volker Ott
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Emanuela Arvat
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - E Ronald de Kloet
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Stafford Lightman
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Alexandros Vgontzas
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Eve Van Cauter
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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267
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Peek CB, Levine DC, Cedernaes J, Taguchi A, Kobayashi Y, Tsai SJ, Bonar NA, McNulty MR, Ramsey KM, Bass J. Circadian Clock Interaction with HIF1α Mediates Oxygenic Metabolism and Anaerobic Glycolysis in Skeletal Muscle. Cell Metab 2017; 25:86-92. [PMID: 27773696 PMCID: PMC5226863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks are encoded by a transcription-translation feedback loop that aligns energetic processes with the solar cycle. We show that genetic disruption of the clock activator BMAL1 in skeletal myotubes and fibroblasts increased levels of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) under hypoxic conditions. Bmal1-/- myotubes displayed reduced anaerobic glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration with glycolytic fuel, and transcription of HIF1α targets Phd3, Vegfa, Mct4, Pk-m, and Ldha, whereas abrogation of the clock repressors CRY1/2 stabilized HIF1α in response to hypoxia. HIF1α bound directly to core clock gene promoters, and, when co-expressed with BMAL1, led to transactivation of PER2-LUC and HRE-LUC reporters. Further, genetic stabilization of HIF1α in Vhl-/- cells altered circadian transcription. Finally, induction of clock and HIF1α target genes in response to strenuous exercise varied according to the time of day in wild-type mice. Collectively, our results reveal bidirectional interactions between circadian and HIF pathways that influence metabolic adaptation to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bien Peek
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daniel C Levine
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jonathan Cedernaes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Akihiko Taguchi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yumiko Kobayashi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Stacy J Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nicolle A Bonar
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Maureen R McNulty
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kathryn Moynihan Ramsey
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joseph Bass
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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268
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Masri S, Papagiannakopoulos T, Kinouchi K, Liu Y, Cervantes M, Baldi P, Jacks T, Sassone-Corsi P. Lung Adenocarcinoma Distally Rewires Hepatic Circadian Homeostasis. Cell 2017; 165:896-909. [PMID: 27153497 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock controls metabolic and physiological processes through finely tuned molecular mechanisms. The clock is remarkably plastic and adapts to exogenous "zeitgebers," such as light and nutrition. How a pathological condition in a given tissue influences systemic circadian homeostasis in other tissues remains an unanswered question of conceptual and biomedical importance. Here, we show that lung adenocarcinoma operates as an endogenous reorganizer of circadian metabolism. High-throughput transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed unique signatures of transcripts and metabolites cycling exclusively in livers of tumor-bearing mice. Remarkably, lung cancer has no effect on the core clock but rather reprograms hepatic metabolism through altered pro-inflammatory response via the STAT3-Socs3 pathway. This results in disruption of AKT, AMPK, and SREBP signaling, leading to altered insulin, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Thus, lung adenocarcinoma functions as a potent endogenous circadian organizer (ECO), which rewires the pathophysiological dimension of a distal tissue such as the liver. PAPERCLIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Masri
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, INSERM Unit 904, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Kenichiro Kinouchi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, INSERM Unit 904, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Marlene Cervantes
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, INSERM Unit 904, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, INSERM Unit 904, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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269
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Abstract
Circadian clocks regulate most aspects of physiology and metabolism. Genome-wide approaches have uncovered widespread circadian rhythms in the transcriptome, cistrome, and epigenome of mice, and now two proteomics studies in this issue (Robles et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2016) reveal extensive circadian regulation of the nuclear and phosphoproteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Takahashi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9111 USA.
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270
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Takahashi JS. Transcriptional architecture of the mammalian circadian clock. NATURE REVIEWS. GENETICS 2016. [PMID: 27990019 DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2016.150]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks are endogenous oscillators that control 24-hour physiological and behavioural processes in organisms. These cell-autonomous clocks are composed of a transcription-translation-based autoregulatory feedback loop. With the development of next-generation sequencing approaches, biochemical and genomic insights into circadian function have recently come into focus. Genome-wide analyses of the clock transcriptional feedback loop have revealed a global circadian regulation of processes such as transcription factor occupancy, RNA polymerase II recruitment and initiation, nascent transcription, and chromatin remodelling. The genomic targets of circadian clocks are pervasive and are intimately linked to the regulation of metabolism, cell growth and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Takahashi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, NA4.118, Dallas, Texas 75390-9111, USA
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271
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Takahashi JS. Transcriptional architecture of the mammalian circadian clock. Nat Rev Genet 2016; 18:164-179. [PMID: 27990019 DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2016.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1461] [Impact Index Per Article: 182.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks are endogenous oscillators that control 24-hour physiological and behavioural processes in organisms. These cell-autonomous clocks are composed of a transcription-translation-based autoregulatory feedback loop. With the development of next-generation sequencing approaches, biochemical and genomic insights into circadian function have recently come into focus. Genome-wide analyses of the clock transcriptional feedback loop have revealed a global circadian regulation of processes such as transcription factor occupancy, RNA polymerase II recruitment and initiation, nascent transcription, and chromatin remodelling. The genomic targets of circadian clocks are pervasive and are intimately linked to the regulation of metabolism, cell growth and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Takahashi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, NA4.118, Dallas, Texas 75390-9111, USA
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272
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He B, Chen Z. Molecular Targets for Small-Molecule Modulators of Circadian Clocks. Curr Drug Metab 2016; 17:503-12. [PMID: 26750111 DOI: 10.2174/1389200217666160111124439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian clocks are endogenous timing systems that regulate various aspects of mammalian metabolism, physiology and behavior. Traditional chronotherapy refers to the administration of drugs in a defined circadian time window to achieve optimal pharmacokinetic and therapeutic efficacies. In recent years, substantial efforts have been dedicated to developing novel small-molecule modulators of circadian clocks. METHODS Here, we review the recent progress in the identification of molecular targets of small-molecule clock modulators and their efficacies in clock-related disorders. Specifically, we examine the clock components and regulatory factors as possible molecular targets of small molecules, and we review several key clock-related disorders as promising venues for testing the preventive/therapeutic efficacies of these small molecules. Finally, we also discuss circadian regulation of drug metabolism. RESULTS Small molecules can modulate the period, phase and/or amplitude of the circadian cycle. Core clock proteins, nuclear hormone receptors, and clock-related kinases and other epigenetic regulators are promising molecular targets for small molecules. Through these targets small molecules exert protective effects against clock-related disorders including the metabolic syndrome, immune disorders, sleep disorders and cancer. Small molecules can also modulate circadian drug metabolism and response to existing therapeutics. CONCLUSION Small-molecule clock modulators target clock components or diverse cellular pathways that functionally impinge upon the clock. Target identification of new small-molecule modulators will deepen our understanding of key regulatory nodes in the circadian network. Studies of clock modulators will facilitate their therapeutic applications, alone or in combination, for clock-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 6.200, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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273
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Goya ME, Romanowski A, Caldart CS, Bénard CY, Golombek DA. Circadian rhythms identified in Caenorhabditis elegans by in vivo long-term monitoring of a bioluminescent reporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E7837-E7845. [PMID: 27849618 PMCID: PMC5137770 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1605769113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are based on endogenous clocks that allow organisms to adjust their physiology and behavior by entrainment to the solar day and, in turn, to select the optimal times for most biological variables. Diverse model systems-including mice, flies, fungi, plants, and bacteria-have provided important insights into the mechanisms of circadian rhythmicity. However, the general principles that govern the circadian clock of Caenorhabditis elegans have remained largely elusive. Here we report robust molecular circadian rhythms in C elegans recorded with a bioluminescence assay in vivo and demonstrate the main features of the circadian system of the nematode. By constructing a luciferase-based reporter coupled to the promoter of the suppressor of activated let-60 Ras (sur-5) gene, we show in both population and single-nematode assays that C elegans expresses ∼24-h rhythms that can be entrained by light/dark and temperature cycles. We provide evidence that these rhythms are temperature-compensated and can be re-entrained after phase changes of the synchronizing agents. In addition, we demonstrate that light and temperature sensing requires the photoreceptors LITE and GUR-3, and the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunit TAX-2. Our results shed light on C elegans circadian biology and demonstrate evolutionarily conserved features in the circadian system of the nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Goya
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Buenos Aires B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Andrés Romanowski
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Buenos Aires B1876BXD, Argentina
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Carlos S Caldart
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Buenos Aires B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Claire Y Bénard
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605;
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada H2X 1Y4
| | - Diego A Golombek
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Buenos Aires B1876BXD, Argentina;
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274
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Fasting and Feeding Signals Control the Oscillatory Expression of Angptl8 to Modulate Lipid Metabolism. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36926. [PMID: 27845381 PMCID: PMC5109406 DOI: 10.1038/srep36926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence implies a key role of angiopoietin-like protein 8 (Angptl8) in the metabolic transition between fasting and feeding, whereas much less is known about the mechanism of its own expression. Here we show that hepatic Angptl8 is rhythmically expressed, which involving the liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) modulation during feeding and fasting periods, respectively. In addition, Angptl8 mRNA is very unstable, which contributes to the nature of its daily rhythmicity by rapidly responding to fasting/feeding transition. To explore its pathological function in dexamethasone (DEX)-induced fatty liver, we reversed its suppression by glucocorticoids through adenoviral delivery of Angptl8 gene in mouse liver. Surprisingly, hepatic overexpression of Angptl8 dramatically elevated plasma triglyceride (TG) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels in DEX-treated mice, suggesting a metabolic interaction between Angptl8 and glucocorticoid signaling. Moreover, intracellular hepatic Angptl8 is implicated in the regulation of lipid homeostasis by the experiments with ectopic expression of a nonsecreted Angptl8 mutant (Δ25-Angptl8). Altogether, our data demonstrate the molecular mechanism of the diurnal rhythm of Angptl8 expression regulated by glucocorticoid signaling and LXRα pathway, and provide new evidence to understand the role of Angptl8 in maintaining plasma TG homeostasis.
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275
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276
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van der Veen DR, Gerkema MP. Unmasking ultradian rhythms in gene expression. FASEB J 2016; 31:743-750. [PMID: 27871062 PMCID: PMC5240665 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600872r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Biological oscillations with an ultradian time scale of 1 to several hours include cycles in behavioral arousal, episodic glucocorticoid release, and gene expression. Ultradian rhythms are thought to have an extrinsic origin because of a perceived absence of ultradian rhythmicity in vitro and a lack of known molecular ultradian oscillators. We designed a novel, non-spectral-analysis method of separating ultradian from circadian components and applied it to a published gene expression dataset with an ultradian sampling resolution. Ultradian rhythms in mouse hepatocytes in vivo have been published, and we validated our approach using this control by confirming 175 of 323 ultradian genes identified in a prior study and found 862 additional ultradian genes. For the first time, we now report ultradian expression of >900 genes in vitro Sixty genes exhibited ultradian transcriptional rhythmicity, both in vivo and in vitro, including 5 genes involved in the cell cycle. Within these 60 genes, we identified significant enrichment of specific DNA motifs in the 1000 bp proximal promotor, some of which associate with known transcriptional factors. These findings are in strong support of instrinsically driven ultradian rhythms and expose potential molecular mechanisms and functions underlying ultradian rhythms that remain unknown.-Van der Veen, D. R., Gerkema, M. P. Unmasking ultradian rhythms in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan R van der Veen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Menno P Gerkema
- Department of Chronobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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277
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Pan X, Bradfield CA, Hussain MM. Global and hepatocyte-specific ablation of Bmal1 induces hyperlipidaemia and enhances atherosclerosis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13011. [PMID: 27721414 PMCID: PMC5062545 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms controlled by clock genes affect plasma lipids. Here we show that global ablation of Bmal1 in Apoe-/- and Ldlr-/- mice and its liver-specific ablation in Apoe-/- (L-Bmal1-/-Apoe-/-) mice increases, whereas overexpression of BMAL1 in L-Bmal1-/-Apoe-/- and Apoe-/-mice decreases hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis. Bmal1 deficiency augments hepatic lipoprotein secretion and diminishes cholesterol excretion to the bile. Further, Bmal1 deficiency reduces expression of Shp and Gata4. Reductions in Shp increase Mtp expression and lipoprotein production, whereas reductions in Gata4 diminish Abcg5/Abcg8 expression and biliary cholesterol excretion. Forced SHP expression normalizes lipoprotein secretion with no effect on biliary cholesterol excretion, while forced GATA4 expression increases cholesterol excretion to the bile and reduces plasma lipids in L-Bmal1-/-Apoe-/- and Apoe-/- mice. Thus, our data indicate that Bmal1 modulates lipoprotein production and biliary cholesterol excretion by regulating the expression of Mtp and Abcg5/Abcg8 via Shp and Gata4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Pan
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA
- Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA
| | | | - M. Mahmood Hussain
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA
- Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York 11209, USA
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278
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Rhoades SD, Sengupta A, Weljie AM. Time is ripe: maturation of metabolomics in chronobiology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 43:70-76. [PMID: 27701007 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sleep and circadian rhythms studies have recently benefited from metabolomics analyses, uncovering new connections between chronobiology and metabolism. From untargeted mass spectrometry to quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, a diversity of analytical approaches has been applied for biomarker discovery in the field. In this review we consider advances in the application of metabolomics technologies which have uncovered significant effects of sleep and circadian cycles on several metabolites, namely phosphatidylcholine species, medium-chain carnitines, and aromatic amino acids. Study design and data processing measures essential for detecting rhythmicity in metabolomics data are also discussed. Future developments in these technologies are anticipated vis-à-vis validating early findings, given metabolomics has only recently entered the ring with other systems biology assessments in chronometabolism studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Rhoades
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Arjun Sengupta
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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279
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Rey G, Valekunja UK, Feeney KA, Wulund L, Milev NB, Stangherlin A, Ansel-Bollepalli L, Velagapudi V, O'Neill JS, Reddy AB. The Pentose Phosphate Pathway Regulates the Circadian Clock. Cell Metab 2016; 24:462-473. [PMID: 27546460 PMCID: PMC5031559 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a ubiquitous timekeeping system that organizes the behavior and physiology of organisms over the day and night. Current models rely on transcriptional networks that coordinate circadian gene expression of thousands of transcripts. However, recent studies have uncovered phylogenetically conserved redox rhythms that can occur independently of transcriptional cycles. Here we identify the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), a critical source of the redox cofactor NADPH, as an important regulator of redox and transcriptional oscillations. Our results show that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the PPP prolongs the period of circadian rhythms in human cells, mouse tissues, and fruit flies. These metabolic manipulations also cause a remodeling of circadian gene expression programs that involves the circadian transcription factors BMAL1 and CLOCK, and the redox-sensitive transcription factor NRF2. Thus, the PPP regulates circadian rhythms via NADPH metabolism, suggesting a pivotal role for NADPH availability in circadian timekeeping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Rey
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Utham K Valekunja
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kevin A Feeney
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lisa Wulund
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nikolay B Milev
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alessandra Stangherlin
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Laura Ansel-Bollepalli
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - John S O'Neill
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Akhilesh B Reddy
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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280
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Song F, Xue Y, Dong D, Liu J, Fu T, Xiao C, Wang H, Lin C, Liu P, Zhong J, Yang Y, Wang Z, Pan H, Chen J, Li Y, Cai D, Li Z. Insulin Restores an Altered Corneal Epithelium Circadian Rhythm in Mice with Streptozotocin-induced Type 1 Diabetes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32871. [PMID: 27611469 PMCID: PMC5017193 DOI: 10.1038/srep32871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of corneal epithelial lesions and delayed wound repair, as well as their association with diabetes mellitus, are critical issues for clinical ophthalmologists. To test whether the diabetic condition alters the circadian rhythm in a mouse cornea and whether insulin can synchronise the corneal clock, we studied the effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the mitosis of epithelial cells, the recruitment of leukocytes to the cornea, and the expression of main core clock genes (Clock, Bmal1, Per2, Cry1, and Rev-erbα) in the corneal epithelium. We also assessed the possible effect of insulin on these modifications. Diabetes downregulated Clock, Bmal1, and Per2 expression, upregulated Cry1 and Rev-erbα expression, reduced corneal epithelial mitosis, and increased leukocyte (neutrophils and γδ T-cells) recruitment to the cornea. Early treatments with insulin partially restored the altered rhythmicity in the diabetic cornea. In conclusion, insulin-dependent diabetes altered the normal rhythmicity of the cornea, and insulin administration had a beneficial effect on restoring normal rhythmicity in the diabetic cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Song
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Xue
- International Ocular Surface Research Centre and Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Dong Dong
- International Ocular Surface Research Centre and Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- International Ocular Surface Research Centre and Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Ting Fu
- International Ocular Surface Research Centre and Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Chengju Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Cuipei Lin
- International Ocular Surface Research Centre and Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yabing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zhaorui Wang
- Department of Medical Images, The Third People's Hospital, Puyang, China
| | - Hongwei Pan
- International Ocular Surface Research Centre and Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Jiansu Chen
- International Ocular Surface Research Centre and Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Dongqing Cai
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China.,International Ocular Surface Research Centre and Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China.,Section of Leukocyte Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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281
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Circadian clock regulation of mRNA translation through eukaryotic elongation factor eEF-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:9605-10. [PMID: 27506798 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525268113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock has a profound effect on gene regulation, controlling rhythmic transcript accumulation for up to half of expressed genes in eukaryotes. Evidence also exists for clock control of mRNA translation, but the extent and mechanisms for this regulation are not known. In Neurospora crassa, the circadian clock generates daily rhythms in the activation of conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways when cells are grown in constant conditions, including rhythmic activation of the well-characterized p38 osmosensing (OS) MAPK pathway. Rhythmic phosphorylation of the MAPK OS-2 (P-OS-2) leads to temporal control of downstream targets of OS-2. We show that osmotic stress in N. crassa induced the phosphorylation of a eukaryotic elongation factor-2 (eEF-2) kinase, radiation sensitivity complementing kinase-2 (RCK-2), and that RCK-2 is necessary for high-level phosphorylation of eEF-2, a key regulator of translation elongation. The levels of phosphorylated RCK-2 and phosphorylated eEF-2 cycle in abundance in wild-type cells but not in cells deleted for OS-2 or the core clock component FREQUENCY (FRQ). Translation extracts from cells grown in constant conditions show decreased translational activity in the late subjective morning, coincident with the peak in eEF-2 phosphorylation, and rhythmic translation of glutathione S-transferase (GST-3) from constitutive mRNA levels in vivo is dependent on circadian regulation of eEF-2 activity. In contrast, rhythms in phosphorylated eEF-2 levels are not necessary for rhythms in accumulation of the clock protein FRQ, indicating that clock control of eEF-2 activity promotes rhythmic translation of specific mRNAs.
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282
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Scrima R, Cela O, Merla G, Augello B, Rubino R, Quarato G, Fugetto S, Menga M, Fuhr L, Relógio A, Piccoli C, Mazzoccoli G, Capitanio N. Clock-genes and mitochondrial respiratory activity: Evidence of a reciprocal interplay. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1857:1344-1351. [PMID: 27060253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years mounting evidences have highlighted the tight correlation between circadian rhythms and metabolism. Although at the organismal level the central timekeeper is constituted by the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei practically all the peripheral tissues are equipped with autonomous oscillators made up by common molecular clockworks represented by circuits of gene expression that are organized in interconnected positive and negative feed-back loops. In this study we exploited a well-established in vitro synchronization model to investigate specifically the linkage between clock gene expression and the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Here we show that synchronized cells exhibit an autonomous ultradian mitochondrial respiratory activity which is abrogated by silencing the master clock gene ARNTL/BMAL1. Surprisingly, pharmacological inhibition of the mitochondrial OxPhos system resulted in dramatic deregulation of the rhythmic clock-gene expression and a similar result was attained with mtDNA depleted cells (Rho0). Our findings provide a novel level of complexity in the interlocked feedback loop controlling the interplay between cellular bioenergetics and the molecular clockwork. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'EBEC 2016: 19th European Bioenergetics Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, July 2-6, 2016', edited by Prof. Paolo Bernardi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosella Scrima
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Olga Cela
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merla
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Augello
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Rosa Rubino
- Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum (MKFZ), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giovanni Quarato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Sabino Fugetto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marta Menga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luise Fuhr
- Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum (MKFZ), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela Relógio
- Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum (MKFZ), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Piccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
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283
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Targeting of the circadian clock via CK1δ/ε to improve glucose homeostasis in obesity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29983. [PMID: 27439882 PMCID: PMC4954991 DOI: 10.1038/srep29983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that disruption of our internal timing system contributes to the incidence and severity of metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. This is perhaps not surprising since components of the circadian clockwork are tightly coupled to metabolic processes across the body. In the current study, we assessed the impact of obesity on the circadian system in mice at a behavioural and molecular level, and determined whether pharmacological targeting of casein kinase 1δ and ε (CK1δ/ε), key regulators of the circadian clock, can confer metabolic benefit. We demonstrate that although behavioural rhythmicity was maintained in diet-induced obesity (DIO), gene expression profiling revealed tissue-specific alteration to the phase and amplitude of the molecular clockwork. Clock function was most significantly attenuated in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) of DIO mice, and was coincident with elevated tissue inflammation, and dysregulation of clock-coupled metabolic regulators PPARα/γ. Further, we show that daily administration of a CK1δ/ε inhibitor (PF-5006739) improved glucose tolerance in both DIO and genetic (ob/ob) models of obesity. These data further implicate circadian clock disruption in obesity and associated metabolic disturbance, and suggest that targeting of the clock represents a therapeutic avenue for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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284
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Rienth M, Torregrosa L, Sarah G, Ardisson M, Brillouet JM, Romieu C. Temperature desynchronizes sugar and organic acid metabolism in ripening grapevine fruits and remodels their transcriptome. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:164. [PMID: 27439426 PMCID: PMC4955140 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit composition at harvest is strongly dependent on the temperature during the grapevine developmental cycle. This raises serious concerns regarding the sustainability of viticulture and the socio-economic repercussions of global warming for many regions where the most heat-tolerant varieties are already cultivated. Despite recent progress, the direct and indirect effects of temperature on fruit development are far from being understood. Experimental limitations such as fluctuating environmental conditions, intra-cluster heterogeneity and the annual reproductive cycle introduce unquantifiable biases for gene expression and physiological studies with grapevine. In the present study, DRCF grapevine mutants (microvine) were grown under several temperature regimes in duly-controlled environmental conditions. A singly berry selection increased the accuracy of fruit phenotyping and subsequent gene expression analyses. The physiological and transcriptomic responses of five key stages sampled simultaneously at day and nighttime were studied by RNA-seq analysis. RESULTS A total of 674 millions reads were sequenced from all experiments. Analysis of differential expression yielded in a total of 10 788 transcripts modulated by temperature. An acceleration of green berry development under higher temperature was correlated with the induction of several candidate genes linked to cell expansion. High temperatures impaired tannin synthesis and degree of galloylation at the transcriptomic levels. The timing of malate breakdown was delayed to mid-ripening in transgressively cool conditions, revealing unsuspected plasticity of berry primary metabolism. Specific ATPases and malate transporters displayed development and temperature-dependent expression patterns, besides less marked but significant regulation of other genes in the malate pathway. CONCLUSION The present study represents, to our knowledge the first abiotic stress study performed on a fleshy fruits model using RNA-seq for transcriptomic analysis. It confirms that a careful stage selection and a rigorous control of environmental conditions are needed to address the long-term plasticity of berry development with respect to temperature. Original results revealed temperature-dependent regulation of key metabolic processes in the elaboration of berry composition. Malate breakdown no longer appears as an integral part of the veraison program, but as possibly triggered by an imbalance in cytoplasmic sugar, when efficient vacuolar storage is set on with ripening, in usual temperature conditions. Furthermore, variations in heat shock responsive genes that will be very valuable for further research on temperature adaptation of plants have been evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rienth
- />Montpellier SupAgro-INRA, UMR AGAP-DAAV Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales-Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne, 2 place Pierre Viala, Montpellier, 34060 France
- />Fondation Jean Poupelain, 30 Rue Gâte Chien, Javrezac, 16100 France
- />CHANGINS, haute école de viticulture et œnologie, 50 route de Duillier, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Torregrosa
- />Montpellier SupAgro-INRA, UMR AGAP-DAAV Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales-Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne, 2 place Pierre Viala, Montpellier, 34060 France
| | - Gautier Sarah
- />Montpellier SupAgro-INRA, UMR AGAP-DAAV Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales-Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne, 2 place Pierre Viala, Montpellier, 34060 France
| | - Morgane Ardisson
- />Montpellier SupAgro-INRA, UMR AGAP-DAAV Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales-Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne, 2 place Pierre Viala, Montpellier, 34060 France
| | - Jean-Marc Brillouet
- />INRA Montpellier UMR SPO- Science pour l’œnologie, 2 place, Pierre Viala, Montpellier, 34060 France
| | - Charles Romieu
- />Montpellier SupAgro-INRA, UMR AGAP-DAAV Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales-Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne, 2 place Pierre Viala, Montpellier, 34060 France
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285
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D'Amore S, Vacca M, Cariello M, Graziano G, D'Orazio A, Salvia R, Sasso RC, Sabbà C, Palasciano G, Moschetta A. Genes and miRNA expression signatures in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in healthy subjects and patients with metabolic syndrome after acute intake of extra virgin olive oil. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1671-1680. [PMID: 27422371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) consumption has been associated with reduced cardiovascular risk but molecular mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects are not fully understood. Here we aimed to identify genes and miRNAs expression changes mediated by acute high- and low-polyphenols EVOO intake. Pre- and post-challenge gene and miRNAs expression analysis was performed on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 12 healthy subjects and 12 patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) by using microarray and RT-qPCR. In healthy subjects, acute intake of EVOO rich in polyphenols was able to ameliorate glycaemia and insulin sensitivity, and to modulate the transcription of genes and miRNAs involved in metabolism, inflammation and cancer, switching PBMCs to a less deleterious inflammatory phenotype; weaker effects were observed in patients with MS as well as in healthy subjects following low-polyphenol EVOO challenge. Concluding, our study shows that acute high-polyphenols EVOO intake is able to modify the transcriptome of PBMCs through the modulation of different pathways associated with the pathophysiology of cardio-metabolic disease and cancer. These beneficial effects are maximized in healthy subjects, and by the use of EVOO cultivars rich in polyphenols. Nutrigenomic changes induced by EVOO thus legitimate the well-known beneficial effects of EVOO in promoting human health and, potentially, preventing the onset of cardiovascular disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona D'Amore
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Clinica Medica "C. Frugoni", Aldo Moro University of Bari, Italy; National Cancer Research Center, IRCCS Oncologico Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Aldo Moro University of Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Vacca
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marica Cariello
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Clinica Medica "C. Frugoni", Aldo Moro University of Bari, Italy
| | - Giusi Graziano
- National Cancer Research Center, IRCCS Oncologico Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Andria D'Orazio
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberto Salvia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Clinica Medica "C. Frugoni", Aldo Moro University of Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Cinzia Sasso
- National Cancer Research Center, IRCCS Oncologico Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Clinica Medica "C. Frugoni", Aldo Moro University of Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palasciano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Aldo Moro University of Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Clinica Medica "C. Frugoni", Aldo Moro University of Bari, Italy.
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286
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Kim EY, Kim SH, Lee HJ, Kim B, Kim YS, Ahn YM. Sex-specific association between the albumin D-element binding protein gene and metabolic syndrome in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2016; 240:47-52. [PMID: 27084990 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Dongguk University Medical School, Dongguk University International Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Lee
- Mental Health Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yong Sik Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Dongguk University Medical School, Dongguk University International Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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287
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Baek JH, Kim JS, Kim MJ, Ryu S, Lee K, Ha K, Hong KS. Lifetime Characteristics of Evening-Preference and Irregular Bed-Rise Time Are Associated With Lifetime Seasonal Variation of Mood and Behavior: Comparison Between Individuals With Bipolar Disorder and Healthy Controls. Behav Sleep Med 2016; 14:155-68. [PMID: 25384190 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2014.974179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sleep-wake cycle disruption and seasonal variation in mood and behavior have been associated with mood disorders. This study aimed to investigate the lifetime characteristics of the sleep-wake cycle and its association with the lifetime characteristics of seasonality in individuals with bipolar disorder. Circadian preference, regularity of bed-rise time, and seasonality were evaluated on a lifetime basis using the Composite Scale of Morningness, the Sleep Timing Questionnaire, and the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire in clinically stable individuals with bipolar I/II disorders (n = 103/97) and healthy controls (n = 270). Bipolar groups were more likely to have evening preference and irregular bed-rise time. These characteristics were interrelated and, particularly, more prevalent in bipolar II disorder. Seasonality, which was also more prevalent in the bipolar groups, was associated with evening preference and irregularity of the weekday bed-rise time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Baek
- a Department of Psychiatry , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Samsung Medical Center
| | - Ji Sun Kim
- b Department of Neuropsychiatry , Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Kyunggi-Do Seoul National Hospital
| | - Mi Jin Kim
- a Department of Psychiatry , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Samsung Medical Center
| | - Seunghyung Ryu
- a Department of Psychiatry , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Samsung Medical Center
| | - Kounseok Lee
- a Department of Psychiatry , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Samsung Medical Center
| | - Kyooseob Ha
- b Department of Neuropsychiatry , Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Kyunggi-Do Seoul National Hospital
| | - Kyung Sue Hong
- a Department of Psychiatry , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Samsung Medical Center.,c Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center
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288
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Altman BJ. Cancer Clocks Out for Lunch: Disruption of Circadian Rhythm and Metabolic Oscillation in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:62. [PMID: 27500134 PMCID: PMC4971383 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are 24-h oscillations present in most eukaryotes and many prokaryotes that synchronize activity to the day-night cycle. They are an essential feature of organismal and cell physiology that coordinate many of the metabolic, biosynthetic, and signal transduction pathways studied in biology. The molecular mechanism of circadian rhythm is controlled both by signal transduction and gene transcription as well as by metabolic feedback. The role of circadian rhythm in cancer cell development and survival is still not well understood, but as will be discussed in this Review, accumulated research suggests that circadian rhythm may be altered or disrupted in many human cancers downstream of common oncogenic alterations. Thus, a complete understanding of the genetic and metabolic alterations in cancer must take potential circadian rhythm perturbations into account, as this disruption itself will influence how gene expression and metabolism are altered in the cancer cell compared to its non-transformed neighbor. It will be important to better understand these circadian changes in both normal and cancer cell physiology to potentially design treatment modalities to exploit this insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Altman
- Abramson Family Cancer Research InstitutePhiladelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Cancer CenterPhiladelphia, PA, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA
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289
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The brain–joint axis in osteoarthritis: nerves, circadian clocks and beyond. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016; 12:508-16. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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290
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Koo YS, Jung KY. Oldies but goodies: The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) data can be used with the data obtained before the year 2012. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:946-8. [PMID: 27253844 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1189768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Seo Koo
- a Department of Neurology , Korea University College of Medicine
| | - Ki-Young Jung
- b Department of Neurology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
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291
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Akashi HD, Cádiz Díaz A, Shigenobu S, Makino T, Kawata M. Differentially expressed genes associated with adaptation to different thermal environments in three sympatric Cuban Anolis lizards. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:2273-85. [PMID: 27027506 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
How animals achieve evolutionary adaptation to different thermal environments is an important issue for evolutionary biology as well as for biodiversity conservation in the context of recent global warming. In Cuba, three sympatric species of Anolis lizards (Anolis allogus, A. homolechis and A. sagrei) inhabit different thermal microhabitats, thereby providing an excellent opportunity to examine how they have adapted to different environmental temperatures. Here, we performed RNA-seq on the brain, liver and skin tissues from these three species to analyse their transcriptional responses at two different temperatures. In total, we identified 400, 816 and 781 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two temperatures in A. allogus, A. homolechis and A. sagrei, respectively. Only 62 of these DEGs were shared across the three species, indicating that global transcriptional responses have diverged among these species. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that large numbers of ribosomal protein genes were DEGs in the warm-adapted A. homolechis, suggesting that the upregulation of protein synthesis is an important physiological mechanism in the adaptation of this species to hotter environments. GO analysis also showed that GO terms associated with circadian regulation were enriched in all three species. A gene associated with circadian regulation, Nr1d1, was detected as a DEG with opposite expression patterns between the cool-adapted A. allogus and the hot-adapted A. sagrei. Because the environmental temperature fluctuates more widely in open habitats than in forests throughout the day, the circadian thermoregulation could also be important for adaptation to distinct thermal habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi D Akashi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Antonio Cádiz Díaz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.,Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, 10400, Cuba
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Makino
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masakado Kawata
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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292
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Santhi N, Lazar AS, McCabe PJ, Lo JC, Groeger JA, Dijk DJ. Sex differences in the circadian regulation of sleep and waking cognition in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E2730-9. [PMID: 27091961 PMCID: PMC4868418 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1521637113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythmicity both contribute to brain function, but whether this contribution differs between men and women and how it varies across cognitive domains and subjective dimensions has not been established. We examined the circadian and sleep-wake-dependent regulation of cognition in 16 men and 18 women in a forced desynchrony protocol and quantified the separate contributions of circadian phase, prior sleep, and elapsed time awake on cognition and sleep. The largest circadian effects were observed for reported sleepiness, mood, and reported effort; the effects on working memory and temporal processing were smaller. Although these effects were seen in both men and women, there were quantitative differences. The amplitude of the circadian modulation was larger in women in 11 of 39 performance measures so that their performance was more impaired in the early morning hours. Principal components analysis of the performance measures yielded three factors, accuracy, effort, and speed, which reflect core performance characteristics in a range of cognitive tasks and therefore are likely to be important for everyday performance. The largest circadian modulation was observed for effort, whereas accuracy exhibited the largest sex difference in circadian modulation. The sex differences in the circadian modulation of cognition could not be explained by sex differences in the circadian amplitude of plasma melatonin and electroencephalographic slow-wave activity. These data establish the impact of circadian rhythmicity and sex on waking cognition and have implications for understanding the regulation of brain function, cognition, and affect in shift-work, jetlag, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayantara Santhi
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom;
| | - Alpar S Lazar
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J McCabe
- Surrey Clinical Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - June C Lo
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - John A Groeger
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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293
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Aviram R, Manella G, Kopelman N, Neufeld-Cohen A, Zwighaft Z, Elimelech M, Adamovich Y, Golik M, Wang C, Han X, Asher G. Lipidomics Analyses Reveal Temporal and Spatial Lipid Organization and Uncover Daily Oscillations in Intracellular Organelles. Mol Cell 2016; 62:636-48. [PMID: 27161994 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cells have evolved mechanisms to handle incompatible processes through temporal organization by circadian clocks and by spatial compartmentalization within organelles defined by lipid bilayers. Recent advances in lipidomics have led to identification of plentiful lipid species, yet our knowledge regarding their spatiotemporal organization is lagging behind. In this study, we quantitatively characterized the nuclear and mitochondrial lipidome in mouse liver throughout the day, upon different feeding regimens, and in clock-disrupted mice. Our analyses revealed potential connections between lipid species within and between lipid classes. Remarkably, we uncovered diurnal oscillations in lipid accumulation in the nucleus and mitochondria. These oscillations exhibited opposite phases and readily responded to feeding time. Furthermore, we found that the circadian clock coordinates the phase relation between the organelles. In summary, our study provides temporal and spatial depiction of lipid organization and reveals the presence and coordination of diurnal rhythmicity in intracellular organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Aviram
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gal Manella
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Naama Kopelman
- Department of Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Neufeld-Cohen
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Zwighaft
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Meytar Elimelech
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaarit Adamovich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Marina Golik
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Gad Asher
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
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294
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Behavioral Phenotype of Fmr1 Knock-Out Mice during Active Phase in an Altered Light/Dark Cycle. eNeuro 2016; 3:eN-NWR-0035-16. [PMID: 27294193 PMCID: PMC4901146 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0035-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most commonly inherited form of intellectual disability and is a disorder that is also highly associated with autism. FXS occurs as a result of an expanded CGG repeat sequence leading to transcriptional silencing. In an animal model of FXS in which Fmr1 is knocked out (Fmr1 KO), many physical, physiological, and behavioral characteristics of the human disease are recapitulated. Prior characterization of the mouse model was conducted during the day, the inactive phase of the circadian cycle. Circadian rhythms are an important contributor to behavior and may play a role in the study of disease phenotype. Moreover, changes in the parameters of circadian rhythm are known to occur in FXS animal models. We conducted an investigation of key behavioral phenotypes in Fmr1 KO mice during their active phase. We report that phase did not alter the Fmr1 KO phenotype in open field activity, anxiety, and learning and memory. There was a slight effect of phase on social behavior as measured by time in chamber, but not by time spent sniffing. Our data strengthen the existing data characterizing the phenotype of Fmr1 KO mice, indicating that it is independent of circadian phase.
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295
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Jouffe C, Gobet C, Martin E, Métairon S, Morin-Rivron D, Masoodi M, Gachon F. Perturbed rhythmic activation of signaling pathways in mice deficient for Sterol Carrier Protein 2-dependent diurnal lipid transport and metabolism. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24631. [PMID: 27097688 PMCID: PMC4838911 DOI: 10.1038/srep24631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Through evolution, most of the living species have acquired a time keeping system to anticipate daily changes caused by the rotation of the Earth. In all of the systems this pacemaker is based on a molecular transcriptional/translational negative feedback loop able to generate rhythmic gene expression with a period close to 24 hours. Recent evidences suggest that post-transcriptional regulations activated mostly by systemic cues play a fundamental role in the process, fine tuning the time keeping system and linking it to animal physiology. Among these signals, we consider the role of lipid transport and metabolism regulated by SCP2. Mice harboring a deletion of the Scp2 locus present a modulated diurnal accumulation of lipids in the liver and a perturbed activation of several signaling pathways including PPARα, SREBP, LRH-1, TORC1 and its upstream regulators. This defect in signaling pathways activation feedbacks upon the clock by lengthening the circadian period of animals through post-translational regulation of core clock regulators, showing that rhythmic lipid transport is a major player in the establishment of rhythmic mRNA and protein expression landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Jouffe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland.,Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Gobet
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eva Martin
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylviane Métairon
- Functional Genomic, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Delphine Morin-Rivron
- Department of Gastro-Intestinal Health &Microbiome, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mojgan Masoodi
- Department of Gastro-Intestinal Health &Microbiome, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Frédéric Gachon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland.,Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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296
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Feeney KA, Hansen LL, Putker M, Olivares-Yañez C, Day J, Eades LJ, Larrondo LF, Hoyle NP, O'Neill JS, van Ooijen G. Daily magnesium fluxes regulate cellular timekeeping and energy balance. Nature 2016; 532:375-9. [PMID: 27074515 PMCID: PMC4886825 DOI: 10.1038/nature17407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks are fundamental to the biology of most eukaryotes, coordinating behaviour and physiology to resonate with the environmental cycle of day and night through complex networks of clock-controlled genes. A fundamental knowledge gap exists, however, between circadian gene expression cycles and the biochemical mechanisms that ultimately facilitate circadian regulation of cell biology. Here we report circadian rhythms in the intracellular concentration of magnesium ions, [Mg(2+)]i, which act as a cell-autonomous timekeeping component to determine key clock properties both in a human cell line and in a unicellular alga that diverged from each other more than 1 billion years ago. Given the essential role of Mg(2+) as a cofactor for ATP, a functional consequence of [Mg(2+)]i oscillations is dynamic regulation of cellular energy expenditure over the daily cycle. Mechanistically, we find that these rhythms provide bilateral feedback linking rhythmic metabolism to clock-controlled gene expression. The global regulation of nucleotide triphosphate turnover by intracellular Mg(2+) availability has potential to impact upon many of the cell's more than 600 MgATP-dependent enzymes and every cellular system where MgNTP hydrolysis becomes rate limiting. Indeed, we find that circadian control of translation by mTOR is regulated through [Mg(2+)]i oscillations. It will now be important to identify which additional biological processes are subject to this form of regulation in tissues of multicellular organisms such as plants and humans, in the context of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Feeney
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Louise L. Hansen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Marrit Putker
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Consuelo Olivares-Yañez
- Millennium Nucleus for Fungal Integrative and Synthetic Biology, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jason Day
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Lorna J. Eades
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Luis F. Larrondo
- Millennium Nucleus for Fungal Integrative and Synthetic Biology, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nathaniel P. Hoyle
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - John S. O'Neill
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Gerben van Ooijen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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297
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Yong M, Fischer D, Germann C, Lang S, Vetter C, Oberlinner C. Are chronotype, social jetlag and sleep duration associated with health measured by Work Ability Index? Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:721-9. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2016.1167728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yong
- Occupational Medicine and Health Protection Department, BASF Societas Europaea, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Fischer
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Germann
- Occupational Medicine and Health Protection Department, BASF Societas Europaea, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Lang
- Occupational Medicine and Health Protection Department, BASF Societas Europaea, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Céline Vetter
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Oberlinner
- Occupational Medicine and Health Protection Department, BASF Societas Europaea, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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298
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Redox and Metabolic Oscillations in the Clockwork. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27069-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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299
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Dong D, Sun H, Wu Z, Wu B, Xue Y, Li Z. A validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to identify the pharmacokinetics of SR8278 in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1020:142-7. [PMID: 27038650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a relationship between circadian rhythm and metabolic disorders. The active agent, SR8278, could competitively bind to and inhibit the nuclear receptor, Rev-erb (a major modulator of mammalian circadian clock system), to regulate the metabolism in organisms. However, we had limited knowledge of the pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of SR8278. Here, we describe a sensitive and reproducible ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS/MS) method to quantify SR8278 in vivo. The linearity range and the limit of quantification (LOQ) for SR8278 were 30-3000 ng/mL and 6 ng/mL, respectively. The inter-day and intra-day variability were within 10%. This UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully used to characterize the PK behaviors of SR8278 in normal and diabetic rats after intravenous (i.v.) injection at a dosage of 2mg/kg. No significant differences were observed in the PK parameters of SR8278 in normal and diabetic rats. Specifically, the values of areas under plasma concentration time curves (AUC), initial plasma concentrations (C0), elimination half-lives (t1/2), and clearances (CL) were 608.33 ± 295.25 vs. 598.59 ± 276.92 ng·h/mL, 2410.25 ± 202.36 vs. 3742.11 ± 1300.21 ng/mL, 0.17 ± 0.08 vs. 0.11 ± 0.04 h, 3330.83 ± 1609.48 vs. 3364.81 ± 1111.38 mL/kg·h for SR8278 in normal rats vs. diabetic rats, respectively. In conclusion, a UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully developed and validated for the first time, with a wide linearity range, low LOQ, small sample volume (10 μL), rapid analysis (4 min) and excellent recoveries (>80%). It was also used to clarify the PK characteristics of SR8378 in rats. The same PK behaviors of SR8278 in normal and diabetic rats showed that diabetes may have little or no effect on the disposition, metabolism and/or elimination in vivo, which may be of great importance for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Dong
- International Collaborative Innovation Research Center of Ocular Surface Diseases and Institute of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hua Sun
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhufeng Wu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Xue
- International Collaborative Innovation Research Center of Ocular Surface Diseases and Institute of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- International Collaborative Innovation Research Center of Ocular Surface Diseases and Institute of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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300
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Loizides-Mangold U, Koren-Gluzer M, Skarupelova S, Makhlouf AM, Hayek T, Aviram M, Dibner C. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and pomegranate influence circadian gene expression and period length. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:453-61. [PMID: 27010443 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2016.1154067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The circadian timing system regulates key aspects of mammalian physiology. Here, we analyzed the effect of the endogenous antioxidant paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a high-density lipoprotein-associated lipolactonase that hydrolyses lipid peroxides and attenuates atherogenesis, on circadian gene expression in C57BL/6J and PON1KO mice fed a normal chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD). Expression levels of core-clock transcripts Nr1d1, Per2, Cry2 and Bmal1 were altered in skeletal muscle in PON1-deficient mice in response to HFD. These findings were supported by circadian bioluminescence reporter assessments in mouse C2C12 and human primary myotubes, synchronized in vitro, where administration of PON1 or pomegranate juice modulated circadian period length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Loizides-Mangold
- a Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Marie Koren-Gluzer
- b The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine , the Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, and Rambam Medical Center , Haifa , Israel
| | - Svetlana Skarupelova
- a Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Anne-Marie Makhlouf
- a Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Tony Hayek
- b The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine , the Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, and Rambam Medical Center , Haifa , Israel
| | - Michael Aviram
- b The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine , the Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, and Rambam Medical Center , Haifa , Israel
| | - Charna Dibner
- a Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
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