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Targeting Oncoimmune Drivers of Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030554. [PMID: 33535613 PMCID: PMC7867187 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Residual metastasis is a major cause of cancer-associated death. Recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the related cancer stem cells (CSCs) have revealed the landscapes of cancer metastasis and are promising contributions to clinical treatments. However, this rarely leads to practical advances in the management of cancer in clinical settings, and thus cancer metastasis is still a threat to patients. The reason for this may be the heterogeneity and complexity caused by the evolutional transformation of tumor cells through interactions with the host environment, which is composed of numerous components, including stromal cells, vascular cells, and immune cells. The reciprocal evolution further raises the possibility of successful tumor escape, resulting in a fatal prognosis for patients. To disrupt the vicious spiral of tumor-immunity aggravation, it is important to understand the entire metastatic process and the practical implementations. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular and cellular links between tumors' biological properties and host immunity, mainly focusing on EMT and CSCs, and we also highlight therapeutic agents targeting the oncoimmune determinants driving cancer metastasis toward better practical use in the treatment of cancer patients.
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252
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Wang J, Li S, Li H, Zhou X, Wen H, Lai B. IRF4 overexpression promotes the transdifferentiation of tregs into macrophage-like cells to inhibit the development of colon cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:58. [PMID: 33468159 PMCID: PMC7816309 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is a transcription factor from the IRF factor family that exerts regulatory functions in the immune system and oncogenesis. However, the biological role of IRF4 in colon cancer is still unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether IRF4 participates in the immune response in colon cancer. Methods We compared the expression of IRF4, the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and macrophages in the colon cancer tissues and paracancerous colon tissues from colon cancer patients. Colon cancer mouse model was established by inoculation with colon cancer cells (SW480) as a xenograft tumor, and we observed tumor growth of colon cancer. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of IRF4 in transdifferentiation of Tregs into macrophage-like cells and the effect of IRF4 on colon cancer cells were investigated in vitro. Results IRF4 was severely down-regulated in the colon cancer tissues. Colon cancer tissues exhibited an increase in the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and macrophages. Furthermore, IRF4 overexpression repressed proliferation, migration and invasion of colon cancer cells (SW480 and HT116 cells). Moreover, IRF4 up-regulation ameliorated tumor growth of colon cancer by promoting the transdifferentiation of Tregs into macrophage-like cells through inhibition of BCL6 expression. Exosomes derived from colon cancer cells repressed IRF4 expression in Tregs by transmitting miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-5p and miR-320c. Conclusions IRF4 overexpression promoted the transdifferentiation of Tregs into macrophage-like cells to inhibit the occurrence and development of colon cancer. Thus, IRF4 may be a potential target for colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Song Li
- Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Honglang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No 1. Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No 1. Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Huabin Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No 1. Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Bin Lai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No 1. Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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253
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Effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides on the differentiation of Treg/Th17 cells. Mol Immunol 2021; 132:199-208. [PMID: 33454107 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The balance between Th17 cells and T regulatory (Treg) cells has emerged as a prominent factor in regulating cancer development. However, the effect of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on the differentiation of Treg/Th17 cells has not been well studied. We sought here to explore the function of CpG ODNs in the differentiation of Tregs and Th17 cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Mouse spleen cells were cultured with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies in vitro. Tregs and Th17 cell differentiation was induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and interleukin (IL)-2, or TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-23, respectively. Then cells were treated with two CpG ODNs, CpG 1982, or CpG 1826. FBL-3-inoculated C57Bl/6 mice were treated with CpG 1826, tumor vaccine, or combination of CpG 1826 and tumor vaccine. After treatment, spleen cells and serum were isolated, and Tregs/Th17 cells were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma-t (RORγt), IL-10, and IL-17 mRNA was measured by real-time PCR, and protein levels were measured by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The frequency of Treg cells increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the FBL-3-inoculated leukemia mouse model compared with control mice, whereas the frequency of Th17 cells did not change. Median survival of mice after treatment with CpG 1826 and tumor vaccine was significantly prolonged compared with that of control mice (p < 0.05). The frequency of induced Treg cells decreased after treatment with CpG 1826, whereas the frequency of Th17 cells induced by cytokines in vitro and in the murine leukemia model increased following treatment with CpG 1826. Furthermore, after treatment with CpG 1826, the mRNA and protein levels of Foxp3 and IL-10 decreased significantly both in vitro and in vivo (p < 0.05), whereas those of RORγt and IL-17 increased significantly (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION CpG 1826 may inhibit the differentiation of Treg cells induced by cytokines, promote the differentiation of Th17 cells in vitro and in murine leukemia models, and prolong the median survival of mice with leukemia.
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Niccolai E, Russo E, Baldi S, Ricci F, Nannini G, Pedone M, Stingo FC, Taddei A, Ringressi MN, Bechi P, Mengoni A, Fani R, Bacci G, Fagorzi C, Chiellini C, Prisco D, Ramazzotti M, Amedei A. Significant and Conflicting Correlation of IL-9 With Prevotella and Bacteroides in Human Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 11:573158. [PMID: 33488574 PMCID: PMC7820867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.573158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Gut microbiota (GM) can support colorectal cancer (CRC) progression by modulating immune responses through the production of both immunostimulatory and/or immunosuppressive cytokines. The role of IL-9 is paradigmatic because it can either promote tumor progression in hematological malignancies or inhibit tumorigenesis in solid cancers. Therefore, we investigate the microbiota–immunity axis in healthy and tumor mucosa, focusing on the correlation between cytokine profile and GM signature. Methods In this observational study, we collected tumor (CRC) and healthy (CRC-S) mucosa samples from 45 CRC patients, who were undergoing surgery in 2018 at the Careggi University Hospital (Florence, Italy). First, we characterized the tissue infiltrating lymphocyte subset profile and the GM composition. Subsequently, we evaluated the CRC and CRC-S molecular inflammatory response and correlated this profile with GM composition, using Dirichlet multinomial regression. Results CRC samples displayed higher percentages of Th17, Th2, and Tregs. Moreover, CRC tissues showed significantly higher levels of MIP-1α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IP-10, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, P-selectin, and IL-9. Compared to CRC-S, CRC samples also showed significantly higher levels of the following genera: Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacterium, Ruminococcus2, and Ruminococcus. Finally, the abundance of Prevotella spp. in CRC samples negatively correlated with IL-17A and positively with IL-9. On the contrary, Bacteroides spp. presence negatively correlated with IL-9. Conclusions Our data consolidate antitumor immunity impairment and the presence of a distinct microbiota profile in the tumor microenvironment compared with the healthy mucosa counterpart. Relating the CRC cytokine profile with GM composition, we confirm the presence of bidirectional crosstalk between the immune response and the host’s commensal microorganisms. Indeed, we document, for the first time, that Prevotella spp. and Bacteroides spp. are, respectively, positively and negatively correlated with IL-9, whose role in CRC development is still under debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Niccolai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Edda Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Ricci
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Nannini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Pedone
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti", Florence, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Bechi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Mengoni
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Renato Fani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bacci
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Camilla Fagorzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Prisco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Florence, Italy
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Autoimmune Hepatitis with Elevated Serum IgG4 Levels Have a High Prevalence of Cirrhosis at Diagnosis. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 2021:6692511. [PMID: 33489994 PMCID: PMC7801058 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6692511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) patients have elevated serum IgG4 levels, and the clinical characteristics of such patients are currently incompletely characterized. AIM To analyze the clinical features and possible pathogenesis of AIH with elevated serum IgG4 levels. METHODS According to their serum IgG4 value, patients were divided into elevated IgG4 (IgG4 > 1.35 g/l) and normal IgG4 (IgG4 ≤ 1.35 g/l) groups. RESULTS Among the 152 patients included in this study, those in the elevated IgG4 group had the following characteristics: older onset age (56 ± 11.43 years vs. 49.49 ± 13.04 years, P=0.005), higher proportion of males (34.15% vs. 12.61%, P=0.002), higher prevalence of cirrhosis (56.10% vs. 36.04%, P=0.026), lower prevalence of extrahepatic autoimmune diseases (9.76% vs. 27.3%, P=0.023), and higher levels of IL-17 and IL-22 (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis results showed that elevated serum IgG4 levels and male sex were risk factors for AIH cirrhosis (male: odds ratio (OR) = 4.293, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.592-11.575, P=0.004; and elevated serum IgG4: OR = 2.566, 95% CI: 1.065-6.187, P=0.036). No significant differences were found for the remission rate within 6 months between the two groups (69.70% vs. 76.14%, P=0.470). CONCLUSION The male proportion and cirrhosis prevalence were higher in AIH with elevated serum IgG4 levels at the time of diagnosis. Male sex and elevated serum IgG4 levels are independent risk factors for AIH cirrhosis, and TH17 cells are more likely involved in the pathogenesis of this type of AIH.
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256
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Chen SY, Chen S, Feng W, Li Z, Luo Y, Zhu X. A STING-related prognostic score predicts high-risk patients of colorectal cancer and provides insights into immunotherapy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:14. [PMID: 33553307 PMCID: PMC7859804 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Targeted therapeutic strategies for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) have been limited. STING is crucial to the antitumor immunotherapy, for it stimulates IFN signaling to mediate the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune responses. Emerging evidence suggests that STING also contributes to the prognosis of CRC. However, prognostic models relating to STING have not yet been explored. Methods A total of 431 CRC samples from the TCGA database were analyzed to explore the prognostic value of STING-related genes. We trained prognostic models using the multivariate Cox regression. A STING-related prognostic score (SPS) was calculated as the gene expression multiplied by the corresponding coefficients of the final model. A backward stepAIC strategy was adopted to select the optimal model. A nomogram was used to personalize medical decisions for CRC. Results The expression level of STING was upregulated in the CMS1 subtype (P=0.036). Among STING-related genes, DHX9 (HR =0.72, P=0.01), IRF2 (HR =1.34, P=0.022), and POLR1D (HR =1.23, P=0.038) showed significant prognostic value. The SPS was proven to be an independent risk factor (training: HR =2.9, P=0.00013; validation: HR =3.02, P=0.01), and outperformed random classifiers in identifying high-risk CRC. The high SPS group was characterized by less genomic aberrations, upregulated IL6-JAK-STAT3 and IL2-STAT5 signaling pathways, increased expression of TIM-3, increased infiltration of regulatory T (Treg) cells and T helper 17 (Th17) cells, and decreased infiltration of M0 macrophages. Finally, the nomogram based on the SPS and clinical factors showed good performance in CRC. Conclusions SPS is an independent risk factor that could identify high-risk CRC. While ICBs may benefit patients of the CMS1 subtype, for the CMS2, CMS3, and CMS4 subtypes in the high SPS group, STING agonists and immunotherapies targeting the Th17 axis may be beneficial. Finally, the SPS-based nomogram could help advance personalized medical decisions for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanjing Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziteng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixiao Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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257
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Burke CG, Myers JR, Post CM, Boulé LA, Lawrence BP. DNA Methylation Patterns in CD4+ T Cells of Naïve and Influenza A Virus-Infected Mice Developmentally Exposed to an Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:17007. [PMID: 33449811 PMCID: PMC7810290 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life environmental exposures can have lasting effects on the function of the immune system and contribute to disease later in life. Epidemiological studies have linked early life exposure to xenobiotics that bind the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) with dysregulated immune responses later in life. Among the immune cells influenced by developmental activation of the AhR are CD 4 + T cells. Yet, the underlying affected cellular pathways via which activating the AhR early in life causes the responses of CD 4 + T cells to remain affected into adulthood remain unclear. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to identify cellular mechanisms that drive impaired CD 4 + T-cell responses later in life following maternal exposure to an exogenous AhR ligand. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were vertically exposed to the prototype AhR ligand, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p -dioxin (TCDD), throughout gestation and early postnatal life. The transcriptome and DNA methylation patterns were evaluated in CD 4 + T cells isolated from naïve and influenza A virus (IAV)-infected adult mice that were developmentally exposed to TCDD or vehicle control. We then assessed the influence of DNA methylation-altering drug therapies on the response of CD 4 + T cells from developmentally exposed mice to infection. RESULTS Gene and protein expression showed that developmental AhR activation reduced CD 4 + T-cell expansion and effector functions during IAV infection later in life. Furthermore, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing analyses revealed that developmental AhR activation durably programed DNA methylation patterns across the CD 4 + T-cell genome. Treatment of developmentally exposed offspring with DNA methylation-altering drugs alleviated some, but not all, of the impaired CD 4 + T-cell responses. DISCUSSION Taken together, these results indicate that skewed DNA methylation is one of the mechanisms by which early life exposures can durably change the function of T cells in mice. Furthermore, treatment with DNA methylation-altering drugs after the exposure restored some aspects of CD 4 + T-cell functional responsiveness. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7699.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G. Burke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jason R. Myers
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Christina M. Post
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Lisbeth A. Boulé
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - B. Paige Lawrence
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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258
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Cai Q, Zhou W, Li J, Ou X, Chen C, Cai S, He W, Xu J, He Y. Association of Preoperative Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Gastric Cancer Recurrence: A Large Cohort Study. J Cancer 2021; 12:397-403. [PMID: 33391436 PMCID: PMC7738990 DOI: 10.7150/jca.47899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Measuring postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is recommended by guidelines to help detecting recurrence of gastric cancer patients. However, the prognostic significance of elevated preoperative CEA is unclear. This study aims to investigate whether patients with elevated preoperative CEA have a higher risk of recurrence than patients with normal preoperative CEA. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a gastric cancer center in South China. Consecutive patients with stage I to III gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent curative resection at the center from January 2001 to February 2016 were identified. Patients were grouped into two cohorts: normal preoperative CEA (≤ 5 ng/ml), and elevated preoperative CEA (> 5 ng/ml). 3-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) and hazard function curves over time were estimated. Results: A total of 1,596 patients (1,063 {66.6%} male; median {Interquartile range, IQR} age, 59 {50-66} years) were identified. Patients with elevated preoperative CEA had 15.5% lower 3-year RFS (n=222 {70.4%}) than the cohorts with normal preoperative CEA (n=1,374 {85.9%}). The hazard function of recurrence for the two cohorts peaked at the similar time (around 10 months after surgery). Multivariate Cox analyses confirmed that elevated preoperative CEA was independently associated with shorter RFS (Hazard Ratio {HR}, 1.69; 95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.26-2.27; P = 0.001). Conclusions: Patients with elevated preoperative CEA are at increased risk for recurrence, especially within the first 24 months after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinbo Cai
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Laboratory of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Laboratory of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Laboratory of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Center for Digestive Disease, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Xinde Ou
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Laboratory of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chuangqi Chen
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shirong Cai
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weiling He
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Xu
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yulong He
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Center for Digestive Disease, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
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259
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Hyper-Progressive Disease: The Potential Role and Consequences of T-Regulatory Cells Foiling Anti-PD-1 Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020. [PMID: 33375291 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010048.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-mediated disruption of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) pathway has brought much success to the fight against cancer. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of patients respond poorly to anti-PD-1 treatment. Cases of accelerated and more aggressive forms of cancer following therapy have also been reported. Termed hyper-progressive disease (HPD), this phenomenon often results in fatality, thus requires urgent attention. Among possible causes of HPD, regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are of suspect due to their high expression of PD-1, which modulates Treg activity. Tregs are a subset of CD4+ T-cells that play a non-redundant role in the prevention of autoimmunity and is functionally dependent on the X chromosome-linked transcription factor FoxP3. In cancer, CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs migrate to tumors to suppress anti-tumor immune responses, allowing cancer cells to persist. Hence, Treg accumulation in tumors is associated with poor prognosis. In mice, the anti-tumor efficacy of anti-PD-1 can be enhanced by depleting Tregs. This suggests Tregs pose resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy. In this article, we review the relevant Treg functions that suppress tumor immunity and the potential effects anti-PD-1 could have on Tregs which are counter-productive to the treatment of cancer, occasionally causing HPD.
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260
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Tay C, Qian Y, Sakaguchi S. Hyper-Progressive Disease: The Potential Role and Consequences of T-Regulatory Cells Foiling Anti-PD-1 Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E48. [PMID: 33375291 PMCID: PMC7796137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-mediated disruption of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) pathway has brought much success to the fight against cancer. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of patients respond poorly to anti-PD-1 treatment. Cases of accelerated and more aggressive forms of cancer following therapy have also been reported. Termed hyper-progressive disease (HPD), this phenomenon often results in fatality, thus requires urgent attention. Among possible causes of HPD, regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are of suspect due to their high expression of PD-1, which modulates Treg activity. Tregs are a subset of CD4+ T-cells that play a non-redundant role in the prevention of autoimmunity and is functionally dependent on the X chromosome-linked transcription factor FoxP3. In cancer, CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs migrate to tumors to suppress anti-tumor immune responses, allowing cancer cells to persist. Hence, Treg accumulation in tumors is associated with poor prognosis. In mice, the anti-tumor efficacy of anti-PD-1 can be enhanced by depleting Tregs. This suggests Tregs pose resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy. In this article, we review the relevant Treg functions that suppress tumor immunity and the potential effects anti-PD-1 could have on Tregs which are counter-productive to the treatment of cancer, occasionally causing HPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Tay
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Department of Experimental Immunology, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (C.T.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yamin Qian
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Department of Experimental Immunology, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (C.T.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Department of Experimental Immunology, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (C.T.); (Y.Q.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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261
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Gong J, Zeng Q, Yu D, Duan YG. T Lymphocytes and Testicular Immunity: A New Insight into Immune Regulation in Testes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010057. [PMID: 33374605 PMCID: PMC7793097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune privilege of the testes is necessary to prevent immune attacks to gamete-specific antigens and paternal major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, allowing for normal spermatogenesis. However, infection and inflammation of the male genital tract can break the immune tolerance and represent a significant cause of male infertility. Different T cell subsets have been identified in mammalian testes, which may be involved in the maintenance of immune tolerance and pathogenic immune responses in testicular infection and inflammation. We reviewed the evidence in the published literature on different T subtypes (regulatory T cells, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, γδ T cells, and natural killer T cells) in human and animal testes that support their regulatory roles in infertility and the orchitis pathology. While many in vitro studies have indicated the regulation potential of functional T cell subsets and their possible interaction with Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and spermatogenesis, both under physiological and pathological processes, there have been no in situ studies to date. Nevertheless, the normal distribution and function of T cell subsets are essential for the immune privilege of the testes and intact spermatogenesis, and T cell-mediated immune response drives testicular inflammation. The distinct function of different T cell subsets in testicular homeostasis and the orchitis pathology suggests a considerable potential of targeting specific T cell subsets for therapies targeting chronic orchitis and immune infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialei Gong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Center of Assisted Reproduction and Embryology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Qunxiong Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Center of Assisted Reproduction and Embryology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Di Yu
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Yong-Gang Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Center of Assisted Reproduction and Embryology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
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262
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Nekrasova I, Shirshev S. Estriol in regulation of cell-mediated immune reactions in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 349:577421. [PMID: 33032016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The effect of pregnancy hormone estriol (E3) on innate and adaptive immunity cells functions in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in comparison with healthy donors (HD) was studied. E3 inhibited phagocytic activity of neutrophils and enhanced monocytes IDO activity. Treg percentage increased and number of Th17 and iNKT cells decreased under E3 influence. At the same time, E3 stimulated production of IL-10 and inhibited secretion of IL-17. The hormonal effects were realized on the cells of both HD and MS patients. Thus, the MS amelioration during pregnancy may be related to E3 influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Nekrasova
- Perm Federal Research Center, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Goleva str., 13, 614081 Perm, Russia.
| | - Sergei Shirshev
- Perm Federal Research Center, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Goleva str., 13, 614081 Perm, Russia
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263
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Wibowo D, Jorritsma SHT, Gonzaga ZJ, Evert B, Chen S, Rehm BHA. Polymeric nanoparticle vaccines to combat emerging and pandemic threats. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120597. [PMID: 33360074 PMCID: PMC7834201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines are more advantageous than live attenuated vaccines in terms of safety and scale-up manufacture. However, this often comes as a trade-off to their efficacy. Over the years, polymeric nanoparticles have been developed to improve vaccine potency, by engineering their physicochemical properties to incorporate multiple immunological cues to mimic pathogenic microbes and viruses. This review covers recent advances in polymeric nanostructures developed toward particulate vaccines. It focuses on the impact of microbe mimicry (e.g. size, charge, hydrophobicity, and surface chemistry) on modulation of the nanoparticles’ delivery, trafficking, and targeting antigen-presenting cells to elicit potent humoral and cellular immune responses. This review also provides up-to-date progresses on rational designs of a wide variety of polymeric nanostructures that are loaded with antigens and immunostimulatory molecules, ranging from particles, micelles, nanogels, and polymersomes to advanced core-shell structures where polymeric particles are coated with lipids, cell membranes, or proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wibowo
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan QLD, 4111, Australia.
| | - Sytze H T Jorritsma
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Zennia Jean Gonzaga
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Benjamin Evert
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Shuxiong Chen
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan QLD, 4111, Australia.
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264
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Suárez LJ, Garzón H, Arboleda S, Rodríguez A. Oral Dysbiosis and Autoimmunity: From Local Periodontal Responses to an Imbalanced Systemic Immunity. A Review. Front Immunol 2020; 11:591255. [PMID: 33363538 PMCID: PMC7754713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.591255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current paradigm of onset and progression of periodontitis includes oral dysbiosis directed by inflammophilic bacteria, leading to altered resolution of inflammation and lack of regulation of the inflammatory responses. In the construction of explanatory models of the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease, autoimmune mechanisms were among the first to be explored and historically, for more than five decades, they have been described in an isolated manner as part of the tissue damage process observed in periodontitis, however direct participation of these mechanisms in the tissue damage is still controversial. Autoimmunity is affected by genetic and environmental factors, leading to an imbalance between the effector and regulatory responses, mostly associated with failed resolution mechanisms. However, dysbiosis/infection and chronic inflammation could trigger autoimmunity by several mechanisms including bystander activation, dysregulation of toll-like receptors, amplification of autoimmunity by cytokines, epitope spreading, autoantigens complementarity, autoantigens overproduction, microbial translocation, molecular mimicry, superantigens, and activation or inhibition of receptors related to autoimmunity by microorganisms. Even though autoreactivity in periodontitis is biologically plausible, the associated mechanisms could be related to non-pathologic responses which could even explain non-recognized physiological functions. In this review we shall discuss from a descriptive point of view, the autoimmune mechanisms related to periodontitis physio-pathogenesis and the participation of oral dysbiosis on local periodontal autoimmune responses as well as on different systemic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina J. Suárez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Oral, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hernan Garzón
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Oral, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Silie Arboleda
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiologia Clínica Oral (UNIECLO), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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265
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Guerriero I, Monaco G, Coppola V, Orlacchio A. Serum and Glucocorticoid-Inducible Kinase 1 (SGK1) in NSCLC Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110413. [PMID: 33266470 PMCID: PMC7700219 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the most prevalent and one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. Despite recent success, there is still an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies. It is also becoming increasingly evident that combinatorial approaches are more effective than single modality treatments. This review proposes that the serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) may represent an attractive target for therapy of NSCLC. Although ubiquitously expressed, SGK1 deletion in mice causes only mild defects of ion physiology. The frequent overexpression of SGK1 in tumors is likely stress-induced and provides a therapeutic window to spare normal tissues. SGK1 appears to promote oncogenic signaling aimed at preserving the survival and fitness of cancer cells. Most importantly, recent investigations have revealed the ability of SGK1 to skew immune-cell differentiation toward pro-tumorigenic phenotypes. Future studies are needed to fully evaluate the potential of SGK1 as a therapeutic target in combinatorial treatments of NSCLC. However, based on what is currently known, SGK1 inactivation can result in anti-oncogenic effects both on tumor cells and on the immune microenvironment. A first generation of small molecules to inactivate SGK1 has already been already produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Guerriero
- Biogem Institute for Genetic Research Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy; (I.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Gianni Monaco
- Biogem Institute for Genetic Research Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy; (I.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (A.O.); Tel.: +1-614-688-8038 (V.C.); +1-646-552-0641 (A.O.)
| | - Arturo Orlacchio
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (A.O.); Tel.: +1-614-688-8038 (V.C.); +1-646-552-0641 (A.O.)
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266
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Madan E, Peixoto ML, Dimitrion P, Eubank TD, Yekelchyk M, Talukdar S, Fisher PB, Mi QS, Moreno E, Gogna R. Cell Competition Boosts Clonal Evolution and Hypoxic Selection in Cancer. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:967-978. [PMID: 33160818 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The comparison of fitness between cells leads to the elimination of less competent cells in the presence of more competent neighbors via cell competition (CC). This phenomenon has been linked with several cancer-related genes and thus may play an important role in cancer. Various processes are involved in the regulation of tumor initiation and growth, including tumor hypoxia, clonal stem cell selection, and immune cell response, all of which have been recently shown to have a potential connection with the mechanisms involved in CC. This review aims to unravel the relation between these processes and competitive cell interactions and how this affects disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Madan
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Peter Dimitrion
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA; Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University Medical School, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Timothy D Eubank
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michail Yekelchyk
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Sarmistha Talukdar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA; Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University Medical School, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eduardo Moreno
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Rajan Gogna
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal.
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267
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Zhang L, Zhang M, Xu J, Li S, Chen Y, Wang W, Yang J, Li S, Gu M. The role of the programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death-ligand 1 pathway, regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells in tumor immunity: a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1526. [PMID: 33313271 PMCID: PMC7729304 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy, especially that involving programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunosuppressive checkpoint inhibitors, has become an important part of tumor treatment strategy in the past decade. Blocking PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway can reduce the inhibitory effect of PD-1 pathway on T cells, promote the anti-tumor activity of activated T cells, and prolong the remission period of tumor. While PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy is effective in the treatment of solid malignant tumors, it also has shortcomings, due to the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells play an important role in the TME and are closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Tregs can inhibit the anti-tumor immune effect, while Th17 cells play a dual role in tumor immunity, which not only promotes tumorigenesis but also promotes anti-tumor immunity. In the occurrence and development of tumor, PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, Tregs and Th17 cells are interrelated. However, the complicated relationship between the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, Tregs, and Th17 cells has not been fully clarified. Here, we summarize the immunoregulation mechanisms and discuss the crosstalk between the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, Tregs, and Th17 cells, with the aim of providing novel insights for future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Zhang
- Department of Chemotherapy Unit 2, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Mingjuan Zhang
- Department of Chemotherapy Unit 2, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Jinxiu Xu
- Department of Chemotherapy Unit 2, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Chemotherapy Unit 2, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Chemotherapy Unit 2, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Chemotherapy Unit 2, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Juntian Yang
- Department of Chemotherapy Unit 2, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Shengyun Li
- Department of Chemotherapy Unit 2, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Meiling Gu
- Department of Chemotherapy Unit 2, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
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268
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CCR6 blockade on regulatory T cells ameliorates experimental model of multiple sclerosis. Cent Eur J Immunol 2020; 45:256-266. [PMID: 33437177 PMCID: PMC7790011 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2020.101241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a significant role in limiting damage of tissue affected by autoimmune process, which has been demonstrated in various experimental models for multiple sclerosis (MS) (mostly experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis – EAE), rheumatoid arthritis, and type 1 diabetes. In this study, we demonstrated that Tregs increasingly migrate to central nervous system (CNS) during subsequent phases of EAE (preclinical, initial attack, and remission). In contrast, in peripheral tissues (blood, lymph nodes, and spleen), a significant accumulation of Tregs is mostly present during EAE remission. Moreover, an increased expression of CCR6 on Tregs in the CNS, blood, lymph nodes, and spleen in all phases of EAE was observed. The highest expression of CCR6 on Tregs from the CNS, lymph nodes, and spleen was noted during the initial attack of EAE, whereas in the blood, the peak expression of CCR6 was detected during the preclinical phase. The presence of Tregs in the CNS during EAE was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. To analyze additional functional significance of CCR6 expression on Tregs for EAE pathology, we modulated the clinical course of this MS model using Tregs with blocked CCR6. EAE mice, which received CCR6-deficient Tregs showed significant amelioration of disease severity. This observation suggests that CCR6 on Tregs may be a potential target for future therapeutic interventions in MS.
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269
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Rodríguez Y, Novelli L, Rojas M, De Santis M, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Monsalve DM, Ramírez-Santana C, Costanzo A, Ridgway WM, Ansari AA, Gershwin ME, Selmi C, Anaya JM. Autoinflammatory and autoimmune conditions at the crossroad of COVID-19. J Autoimmun 2020; 114:102506. [PMID: 32563547 PMCID: PMC7296326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been categorized as evolving in overlapping phases. First, there is a viral phase that may well be asymptomatic or mild in the majority, perhaps 80% of patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in minimal disease in this initial phase are not well known. In the remaining 20% of cases, the disease may become severe and/or critical. In most patients of this latter group, there is a phase characterized by the hyperresponsiveness of the immune system. A third phase corresponds to a state of hypercoagulability. Finally, in the fourth stage organ injury and failure occur. Appearance of autoinflammatory/autoimmune phenomena in patients with COVID-19 calls attention for the development of new strategies for the management of life-threatening conditions in critically ill patients. Antiphospholipid syndrome, autoimmune cytopenia, Guillain-Barré syndrome and Kawasaki disease have each been reported in patients with COVID-19. Here we present a scoping review of the relevant immunological findings in COVID-19 as well as the current reports about autoinflammatory/autoimmune conditions associated with the disease. These observations have crucial therapeutic implications since immunomodulatory drugs are at present the most likely best candidates for COVID-19 therapy. Clinicians should be aware of these conditions in patients with COVID-19, and these observations should be considered in the current development of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yhojan Rodríguez
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Lucia Novelli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (IRCCS), Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuel Rojas
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Maria De Santis
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (IRCCS), Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Yeny Acosta-Ampudia
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Diana M Monsalve
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Carolina Ramírez-Santana
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Antonio Costanzo
- Dermatology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - William M Ridgway
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Aftab A Ansari
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (IRCCS), Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia.
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270
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Stéphan P, Lautraite R, Voisin A, Grinberg-Bleyer Y. Transcriptional Control of Regulatory T Cells in Cancer: Toward Therapeutic Targeting? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3194. [PMID: 33143070 PMCID: PMC7693300 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive research in the past decades has highlighted the tight link between immunity and cancer, leading to the development of immunotherapies that have revolutionized cancer care. However, only a fraction of patients display durable responses to these treatments, and a deeper understanding of the cellular and mechanisms orchestrating immune responses to tumors is mandatory for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. Among the most scrutinized immune cells, Forkhead Box Protein P3 (Foxp3)+ Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are central inhibitors of protective anti-tumor immunity. These tumor-promoting functions render Treg cells attractive immunotherapy targets, and multiple strategies are being developed to inhibit their recruitment, survival, and function in the tumor microenvironment. In this context, it is critical to decipher the complex and multi-layered molecular mechanisms that shape and stabilize the Treg cell transcriptome. Here, we provide a global view of the transcription factors, and their upstream signaling pathways, involved in the programming of Treg cell homeostasis and functions in cancer. We also evaluate the feasibility and safety of novel therapeutic approaches aiming at targeting specific transcriptional regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yenkel Grinberg-Bleyer
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France; (P.S.); (R.L.); (A.V.)
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271
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Zhu L, Hua F, Ding W, Ding K, Zhang Y, Xu C. The correlation between the Th17/Treg cell balance and bone health. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2020; 17:30. [PMID: 33072163 PMCID: PMC7557094 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-00202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With the ageing of the world population, osteoporosis has become a problem affecting quality of life. According to the traditional view, the causes of osteoporosis mainly include endocrine disorders, metabolic disorders and mechanical factors. However, in recent years, the immune system and immune factors have been shown to play important roles in the occurrence and development of osteoporosis. Among these components, regulatory T (Treg) cells and T helper 17 (Th17) cells are crucial for maintaining bone homeostasis, especially osteoclast differentiation. Treg cells and Th17 cells originate from the same precursor cells, and their differentiation requires involvement of the TGF-β regulated signalling pathway. Treg cells and Th17 cells have opposite functions. Treg cells inhibit the differentiation of osteoclasts in vivo and in vitro, while Th17 cells promote the differentiation of osteoclasts. Therefore, understanding the balance between Treg cells and Th17 cells is anticipated to provide a new idea for the development of novel treatments for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003 China
| | - Fei Hua
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003 China
| | - Wenge Ding
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003 China
| | - Kai Ding
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003 China
| | - Yige Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003 China
| | - Chenyang Xu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003 China
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272
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Garley M, Jabłońska E, Dziemiańczyk-Pakieła D, Miltyk W, Ratajczak-Wrona W, Borys J, Moniuszko M, Grubczak K. LDGs versus NDGs in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Cytokine 2020; 137:155311. [PMID: 33002741 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significant role played by neutrophils in cancer biology is indisputable; yet, their subpopulations may exhibit a contrasting role. The phenomenon of polarization of neutrophils and signaling modulators in the course of a neoplastic process has gained increased attention in recent times. The present study's objective was to quantitatively assess low-density neutrophils (LDNs) and normal-density neutrophils (NDNs) populations including IL-17 expression in confrontation with Th17 lymphocytes in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) biomarker value was determined. Besides, the influence of rhIL-17 on the proliferation level of the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) malignant line cells was tested. METHODS Leukocytes were isolated in the density gradient and the CD16+ population was magnetically sorted. The percentages of neutrophil subpopulations, lymphocyte Th17, and IL-17 expression in the studied cells were determined on a flow cytometer. Squamous cell carcinoma proliferation was assessed with the MTT test. RESULT The existence of two populations of human neutrophils was determined: LDNs and NDNs. A higher percentage of LDNs and Th17 was observed with the concomitant lower percentage of NDNs in patients with OSCC as compared with the control group. NLR was elevated in patients with cancer. The highest IL-17 expression was obtained in the LDNs population in these patients. However, no influence of IL-17 on SCC proliferation could be determined. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated a strong relationship between IL-17 concentration and the count of LDNs or Th17 in the course of OSCC, which may serve as a reference point for new therapies. Moreover, the obtained LDNs/NDNs and NLR values in patients with cancer prove their usefulness in diagnostic and prognostic in patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Garley
- Department of Immunology Medical, University of Bialystok, J. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Immunology Medical, University of Bialystok, J. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dorota Dziemiańczyk-Pakieła
- Otolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery Ward of the Provincial Integrated Hospital Jędrzej Śniadecki in Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 25, 15-950 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Miltyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Analysis Medical University of Bialystok, The Centre for Innovative Research, A. Mickiewicza 2D, 15-522 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wioletta Ratajczak-Wrona
- Department of Immunology Medical, University of Bialystok, J. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Borys
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Medical, University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation Medical, University of Bialystok, J. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Kamil Grubczak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation Medical, University of Bialystok, J. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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273
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Moussa M, Papatsoris AG, Dellis A, Abou Chakra M, Saad W. Novel anticancer therapy in BCG unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2020; 20:965-983. [PMID: 32915676 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2020.1822743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) failed intravesical BCG therapy. Currently, radical cystectomy is the recommended standard of care for those patients. There is unfortunately no effective other second-line therapy recommended. AREAS COVERED In this review, we present the topics of BCG unresponsive NMIBC; definition, prognosis, and further treatment options: immunotherapy, intravesical chemotherapy, gene therapy, and targeted individualized therapy. EXPERT OPINION There are major challenges of the management of NMIBC who failed BCG therapy as many patients refuse or are unfit for radical cystectomy. Multiple new modalities currently under investigation in ongoing clinical trials to better treat this category of patients. Immunotherapy, especially PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, offers exciting and potentially effective strategies for the treatment of BCG unresponsive NMIBC. As the data expands, it is sure that soon there will be established new guidelines for NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Moussa
- Head of Urology Department, Zahraa Hospital, University Medical Center, Lebanese University , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Athanasios G Papatsoris
- 2nd Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Sismanoglio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Dellis
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens, Greece
| | - Mohamed Abou Chakra
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Urology, Lebanese University , Beirut,Lebanon
| | - Wajih Saad
- Head of Oncology Department, Zahraa Hospital, University Medical Center, Lebanese University , Beirut, Lebanon
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274
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Blidner AG, Choi J, Cooksley T, Dougan M, Glezerman I, Ginex P, Girotra M, Gupta D, Johnson D, Shannon VR, Suarez-Almazor M, Rapoport BL, Anderson R. Cancer immunotherapy-related adverse events: causes and challenges. Support Care Cancer 2020; 28:6111-6117. [PMID: 32857220 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success and ongoing promise of monoclonal antibody-targeted immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy of advanced malignancies, in particular, antibodies directed against CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1, the development of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) remains a constraint of this type of therapy. Although rarely fatal, the occurrence of irAEs may necessitate discontinuation of immunotherapy, as well as administration of corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive therapies that may not only compromise efficacy but also predispose for development of opportunistic infection. Clearly, retention of efficacy of immune checkpoint-targeted therapies with concurrent attenuation of immune-mediated toxicity represents a formidable challenge. In this context, the current brief review examines mechanistic relationships between these events, as well as recent insights into immunopathogenesis, and strategies which may contribute to resolving this issue. These sections are preceded by brief overviews of the discovery and functions of CTLA-4 and PD-1, as well as the chronology of the development of immunotherapeutic monoclonal antibodies which target these immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada G Blidner
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jennifer Choi
- Division of Oncodermatology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tim Cooksley
- The Christie & Manchester University Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Dougan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilya Glezerman
- Renal Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Monica Girotra
- Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College (MG, AF), New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dipti Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vickie R Shannon
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Maria Suarez-Almazor
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Bernardo L Rapoport
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, 129 Oxford Road, Saxonwold, Johannesburg, 2196, South Africa.
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Box 667, Pretoria, PO, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Box 667, Pretoria, PO, 0001, South Africa
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275
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Wu SQ, Su H, Wang YH, Zhao XK. Role of tumor-associated immune cells in prostate cancer: angel or devil? Asian J Androl 2020; 21:433-437. [PMID: 31134920 PMCID: PMC6732889 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_47_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in the reproductive system of older males. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is an important treatment for prostate cancer patients. However, almost all prostate cancer patients unavoidably progress to the castration-resistant stage after ADT treatment. Recent studies have shown that tumor-associated immune cells play major roles in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of prostate cancer. Various phenotypes of tumor-associated immune cells have tumor-promoting or antitumor functions mediated by interacting with tumor cells. Here, we review the current knowledge of tumor-associated immune cells in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Qing Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yin-Huai Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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276
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Saka D, Gökalp M, Piyade B, Cevik NC, Arik Sever E, Unutmaz D, Ceyhan GO, Demir IE, Asimgil H. Mechanisms of T-Cell Exhaustion in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082274. [PMID: 32823814 PMCID: PMC7464444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell exhaustion is a phenomenon that represents the dysfunctional state of T cells in chronic infections and cancer and is closely associated with poor prognosis in many cancers. The endogenous T-cell immunity and genetically edited cell therapies (CAR-T) failed to prevent tumor immune evasion. The effector T-cell activity is perturbed by an imbalance between inhibitory and stimulatory signals causing a reprogramming in metabolism and the high levels of multiple inhibitory receptors like programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), and Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (Lag-3). Despite the efforts to neutralize inhibitory receptors by a single agent or combinatorial immune checkpoint inhibitors to boost effector function, PDAC remains unresponsive to these therapies, suggesting that multiple molecular mechanisms play a role in stimulating the exhaustion state of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Recent studies utilizing transcriptomics, mass cytometry, and epigenomics revealed a critical role of Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein (TOX) genes and TOX-associated pathways, driving T-cell exhaustion in chronic infection and cancer. Here, we will review recently defined molecular, genetic, and cellular factors that drive T-cell exhaustion in PDAC. We will also discuss the effects of available immune checkpoint inhibitors and the latest clinical trials targeting various molecular factors mediating T-cell exhaustion in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Saka
- Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey; (D.S.); (M.G.); (B.P.); (N.C.C.); (E.A.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Muazzez Gökalp
- Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey; (D.S.); (M.G.); (B.P.); (N.C.C.); (E.A.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Betül Piyade
- Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey; (D.S.); (M.G.); (B.P.); (N.C.C.); (E.A.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Nedim Can Cevik
- Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey; (D.S.); (M.G.); (B.P.); (N.C.C.); (E.A.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Elif Arik Sever
- Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey; (D.S.); (M.G.); (B.P.); (N.C.C.); (E.A.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Derya Unutmaz
- Jackson Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA;
| | - Güralp O. Ceyhan
- Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey; (D.S.); (M.G.); (B.P.); (N.C.C.); (E.A.S.); (H.A.)
- Correspondence: (G.O.C.); (I.E.D.); Tel.: +90-5320514424 (G.O.C.); +49-8941405868 (I.E.D.)
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey; (D.S.); (M.G.); (B.P.); (N.C.C.); (E.A.S.); (H.A.)
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (G.O.C.); (I.E.D.); Tel.: +90-5320514424 (G.O.C.); +49-8941405868 (I.E.D.)
| | - Hande Asimgil
- Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey; (D.S.); (M.G.); (B.P.); (N.C.C.); (E.A.S.); (H.A.)
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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277
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Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes loaded with miR-10a promote the differentiation of Th17 and Treg from naive CD4 + T cell. Life Sci 2020; 259:118218. [PMID: 32784057 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The balance between various CD4+ T cell subsets through highly regulated differentiation of naïve T cells is critical to ensure proper immune response, disruption of which may cause autoimmunity and cancers. miR-10a has been reported to regulate the fate of naïve T cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived exosomes are known effective immunomodulators and ideal vehicles for delivery of microRNAs. This study was aimed to examine the impacts of miR-10a on CD4+ cell fate upon exosomal delivery in combination with immunomodulatory effects of MSCs. MAIN METHODS Exosomes isolated form adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC-Exo) were transfected with miR-10a and added to naïve T cells purified from mouse spleen. AD-MSC-Exos were characterized and the efficacy of miR-10a delivery was evaluated. The expression levels of T-bet, GATA3, RORγt, and Foxp3 and the secreted levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17, and TGF-β respectively specific to Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg, were assessed by qPCR and ELISA. KEY FINDINGS Being transferred by AD-MSC-Exo, miR-10a was effectively induced in CD4+ T cells. Upon treatment with miR-10a loaded exosomes, the expression levels of RORγt and Foxp3 were enhanced and that of T-bet was reduced. Similarly, the secreted levels of IL-17, and TGF-β were increased and that of IFN-γ was decreased. SIGNIFICANCE Our data indicate that miR-10a loaded exosomes, promote Th17 and Tregs response while reduce that of Th1. Promotion of both Th17 and Tregs in concert, mediated by the combined effect of miR-10a and MSC-Exo, indicate new therapeutic potentials, particularly in line with novel anti-tumor immunotherapeutic strategies.
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278
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Imbalance in PB IL-17-Secreting and Regulatory Cells in Pars Planitis Is Associated with Dysregulation of IFN- γ-Secreting Cells, Especially in Patients with Clinical Complications. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:9175083. [PMID: 32801998 PMCID: PMC7415078 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9175083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Results In patients, an increase in the population of Th17-secreting cells negatively correlated with the abundance of both IFN-γ-producing and T regulatory as well as suppressor cells, regarding all the phenotypes studied. Although a strong dependence of the PB Th1 cell compartment on the duration of the disease was observed, it was limited to the subgroup of patients with macular edema only. The frequency of B regulatory cells was unchanged compared to controls. Conclusions In pars planitis, the alterations in lymphocyte cell distribution affect primarily the T cell repertoire. The imbalance in PB Th1/Th17/Treg cells creates proinflammatory conditions, strengthening the suggestion that the immune background may play a role in pars planitis pathogenesis. Also, circulating Th1 level may be of potential clinical relevance in terms of prediction of a more severe course of the disease.
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279
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Li Z, Guo J, Bi L. Role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in autoimmune diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110542. [PMID: 32738636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is an intracellular receptor that senses foreign pathogens and endogenous danger signals. It assembles with apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and caspase-1 to form a multimeric protein called the NLRP3 inflammasome. Among its various functions, the NLRP3 inflammasome can induce the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 while also promoting gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis. Previous studies have established a vital role for the NLRP3 inflammasome in innate and adaptive immune system as well as its contribution to several autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome (SS), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In this review, we briefly introduce the biological features of the NLRP3 inflammasome and present the mechanisms underlying its activation and regulation. We also summarize recent studies that have reported on the roles of NLRP3 inflammasome in the immune system and several autoimmune diseases, with a focus on therapeutic and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jialong Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liqi Bi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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280
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Adjuvant Activity of Synthetic Lipid A of Alcaligenes, a Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue-Resident Commensal Bacterium, to Augment Antigen-Specific IgG and Th17 Responses in Systemic Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030395. [PMID: 32698404 PMCID: PMC7565795 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcaligenes spp. are identified as commensal bacteria and have been found to inhabit Peyer’s patches in the gut. We previously reported that Alcaligenes-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS) exerted adjuvant activity in systemic vaccination, without excessive inflammation. Lipid A is one of the components responsible for the biological effect of LPS and has previously been applied as an adjuvant. Here, we examined the adjuvant activity and safety of chemically synthesized Alcaligenes lipid A. We found that levels of OVA-specific serum IgG antibodies increased in mice that were subcutaneously immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) plus Alcaligenes lipid A relative to those that were immunized with OVA alone. In addition, Alcaligenes lipid A promoted antigen-specific T helper 17 (Th17) responses in the spleen; upregulated the expression of MHC class II, CD40, CD80, and CD86 on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs); enhanced the production of Th17-inducing cytokines IL-6 and IL-23 from BMDCs. Stimulation with Alcaligenes lipid A also induced the production of IL-6 and IL-1β in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, Alcaligenes lipid A caused minor side effects, such as lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia. These findings suggest that Alcaligenes lipid A is a safe and effective Th17-type adjuvant by directly stimulating dendritic cells in systemic vaccination.
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281
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Wei HX, Wang B, Li B. IL-10 and IL-22 in Mucosal Immunity: Driving Protection and Pathology. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1315. [PMID: 32670290 PMCID: PMC7332769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The barrier surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract are in constant contact with various microorganisms. Cytokines orchestrate the mucosal adaptive and innate immune cells in the defense against pathogens. IL-10 and IL-22 are the best studied members of the IL-10 family and play essential roles in maintaining mucosal homeostasis. IL-10 serves as an important regulator in preventing pro-inflammatory responses while IL-22 plays a protective role in tissue damage and contributes to pathology in certain settings. In this review, we focus on these two cytokines in the development of gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colitis-associated cancer (CAC). We summarize the recent studies and try to gain a better understanding on how they regulate immune responses to maintain equilibrium under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Xing Wei
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Baolong Wang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bofeng Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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282
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Wu AA, Bever KM, Ho WJ, Fertig EJ, Niu N, Zheng L, Parkinson RM, Durham JN, Onners B, Ferguson AK, Wilt C, Ko AH, Wang-Gillam A, Laheru DA, Anders RA, Thompson ED, Sugar EA, Jaffee EM, Le DT. A Phase II Study of Allogeneic GM-CSF-Transfected Pancreatic Tumor Vaccine (GVAX) with Ipilimumab as Maintenance Treatment for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5129-5139. [PMID: 32591464 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This phase II study tested granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-allogeneic pancreatic tumor cells (GVAX) and ipilimumab in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) in the maintenance setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with PDA who were treated with front-line chemotherapy consisting of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) in the metastatic setting and had ongoing response or stable disease after 8-12 doses were eligible. Patients were randomized 1:1 to treatment with GVAX and ipilimumab given every 3 weeks for four doses then every 8 weeks (Arm A) or to FOLFIRINOX continuation (Arm B). The primary objective was to compare overall survival (OS) between the two arms. RESULTS Eighty-two patients were included in the final analysis (Arm A: 40; Arm B: 42). The study was stopped for futility after interim analysis. Median OS was 9.38 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.0-12.2] for Arm A and 14.7 months (95% CI, 11.6-20.0) for Arm B (HR, 1.75; P = 0.019). Using immune-related response criteria, two partial responses (5.7%) were observed in Arm A and four (13.8%) in Arm B. GVAX + ipilimumab promoted T-cell differentiation into effector memory phenotypes both in the periphery and in the tumor microenvironment and increased M1 macrophages in the tumor. CONCLUSIONS GVAX and ipilimumab maintenance therapy did not improve OS over continuation of chemotherapy and resulted in a numerically inferior survival in metastatic PDA. However, clinical responses and biological effects on immune cells were observed. Further study of novel combinations in the maintenance treatment of metastatic PDA is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie A Wu
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care, and The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Katherine M Bever
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care, and The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Won Jin Ho
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care, and The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care, and The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nan Niu
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care, and The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care, and The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rose M Parkinson
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care, and The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer N Durham
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care, and The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Beth Onners
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care, and The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anna K Ferguson
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care, and The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cara Wilt
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care, and The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew H Ko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center at University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Andrea Wang-Gillam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel A Laheru
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care, and The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert A Anders
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care, and The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth D Thompson
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care, and The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth A Sugar
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care, and The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care, and The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dung T Le
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care, and The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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283
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Lin H, Wang Q, Liu L, Chen Z, Das R, Zhao Y, Mao D, Luo Y. Colonization of Mice With Amoxicillin-Associated Klebsiella variicola Drives Inflammation via Th1 Induction and Treg Inhibition. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1256. [PMID: 32670220 PMCID: PMC7326774 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Lactam antibiotics can increase the resistance and virulence of individual intestinal microorganisms, which may affect host physiology and health. Klebsiella, a crucial gut inhabitant, has been confirmed to be resistant to most β-lactam antibiotics and contributes to the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, the influence of amoxicillin (AMO) on Klebsiella and its role in colitis was investigated in an antibiotic cocktail (ABx) murine model. The results suggested that a 7-day AMO treatment significantly enriched the abundance of Klebsiella and enhanced serum resistance, antibiotic resistance, and biofilm formation ability of Klebsiella variicola (K. variicola) compared to the wild-type strain in the control group mice. Colonization of mice with the AMO-associated K. variicola could induce Th1 cells and inhibit Treg differentiation to promote inflammation in ABx murine model. In addition, inoculation of AMO-associated K. variicola in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis murine model mice also confirmed that K. variicola colonization exacerbated inflammation as assessed by increased TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17a, and disease activity (DAI) levels; decreased colon length and bodyweight; and a disrupted Th1/Treg balance. The results of our study demonstrate that AMO enhances Klebsiella virulence in mice by disrupting the T cell equilibrium to exacerbate colitis, thereby providing a reference for proper antibiotic prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Cause and Impact (preparatory), College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zeyou Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ranjit Das
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhui Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Daqing Mao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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284
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Knochelmann HM, Dwyer CJ, Smith AS, Bowers JS, Wyatt MM, Nelson MH, Rangel Rivera GO, Horton JD, Krieg C, Armeson K, Lesinski GB, Rubinstein MP, Li Z, Paulos CM. IL6 Fuels Durable Memory for Th17 Cell-Mediated Responses to Tumors. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3920-3932. [PMID: 32561531 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The accessibility of adoptive T-cell transfer therapies (ACT) is hindered by the cost and time required for product development. Here we describe a streamlined ACT protocol using Th17 cells expanded only 4 days ex vivo. While shortening expansion compromised cell yield, this method licensed Th17 cells to eradicate large tumors to a greater extent than cells expanded longer term. Day 4 Th17 cells engrafted, induced release of multiple cytokines including IL6, IL17, MCP-1, and GM-CSF in the tumor-bearing host, and persisted as memory cells. IL6 was a critical component for efficacy of these therapies via its promotion of long-term immunity and resistance to tumor relapse. Mechanistically, IL6 diminished engraftment of FoxP3+ donor T cells, corresponding with robust tumor infiltration by donor effector over regulatory cells for the Day 4 Th17 cell product relative to cell products expanded longer durations ex vivo. Collectively, this work describes a method to rapidly generate therapeutic T-cell products for ACT and implicates IL6 in promoting durable immunity of Th17 cells against large, established solid tumors. SIGNIFICANCE: An abbreviated, 4-day ex vivo expansion method licenses Th17 cells to confer long-lived immunity against solid malignancies via induction of systemic IL6 in the host.See related commentary by Fiering and Ho, p. 3795.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Knochelmann
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina. .,Department of Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Connor J Dwyer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Aubrey S Smith
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jacob S Bowers
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Megan M Wyatt
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Michelle H Nelson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Guillermo O Rangel Rivera
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Joshua D Horton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Carsten Krieg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kent Armeson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark P Rubinstein
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina. .,Department of Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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285
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Samelson-Jones BJ, Finn JD, Favaro P, Wright JF, Arruda VR. Timing of Intensive Immunosuppression Impacts Risk of Transgene Antibodies after AAV Gene Therapy in Nonhuman Primates. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020; 17:1129-1138. [PMID: 32490034 PMCID: PMC7256432 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector gene therapy is a promising treatment for a variety of genetic diseases, including hemophilia. Systemic administration of AAV vectors is associated with a cytotoxic immune response triggered against AAV capsid proteins, which if untreated can result in loss of transgene expression. Immunosuppression (IS) with corticosteroids has limited transgene loss in some AAV gene therapy clinical trials, but was insufficient to prevent loss in other studies. We used a nonhuman primate model to evaluate intensive T cell-directed IS combined with AAV-mediated transfer of the human factor IX (FIX) gene. Early administration of rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) concomitant with AAV administration resulted in the development of anti-FIX antibodies, whereas delayed ATG by 5 weeks administration did not. The anti-FIX immune response was associated with increases in inflammatory cytokines, as well as a skewed Th17/regulatory T cell (Treg) ratio. We conclude that the timing of T cell-directed IS is critical in determining transgene-product immunogenicity or tolerance. These data have implications for systemically administered AAV gene therapy being evaluated for hemophilia A and B, as well as other genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Samelson-Jones
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Finn
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Patricia Favaro
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J. Fraser Wright
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Valder R. Arruda
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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286
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Kwan YH, Lim KK, Fong W, Goh H, Ng L, Haaland B, Phang JK, Low LL, Yeo JG, Huang F, Leung YY, Thumboo J, Østbye T. Risk of malignancies in patients with spondyloarthritis treated with biologics compared with those treated with non-biologics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2020; 12:1759720X20925696. [PMID: 33149771 PMCID: PMC7573508 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x20925696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of our study was to synthesize evidence on the occurrence of malignancy in spondyloarthritis (SpA), from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing biologics with non-biologics and biologics to each other. Methods: We systematically searched Medline, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception until 31 October 2018. RCTs with ⩾24-week follow-up were included. We extracted data using standardized forms and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. We performed pair-wise meta-analyses and network meta-analyses to compare the risk of malignancy for each biologics class and SpA type. We reported the Peto odds ratio (OR) of any malignancy along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Bayesian posterior probabilities comparing risk of malignancy of each biologic class with non-biologics were computed as supplementary measures. Results: Fifty-four trials were included; most (44/54) had follow-up <1 year. Among 14,245 patients, 63 developed a malignancy. While most Peto ORs were >1, they had wide 95% CI and p >0.05. The overall Peto OR comparing biologics with non-biologics was 1.42 (95% CI 0.80–2.53). Only interleukin-17 inhibitors in peripheral SpA had p <0.05 (Peto OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.07–7.13); the posterior probability that the risk was higher than non-biologics was 98%. Stratified analyses revealed no consistent trend by prior exposure to biologics, duration of follow-up, study quality, study-arm crossover, analytical approaches and type of malignancy. Conclusions: Our findings indicate no overall elevated risk of malignancy with biologics in SpA. As our meta-analyses are unable to conclude on the long-term risk, long-term pharmacovigilance of biologics in SpA may still be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Heng Kwan
- Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ka Keat Lim
- Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Warren Fong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hendra Goh
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Linkai Ng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Benjamin Haaland
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jie Kie Phang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Lian Leng Low
- Department of Family Medicine and Continuing Care, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Joo Guan Yeo
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ying Leung
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Julian Thumboo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Republic of Singapore
| | - Truls Østbye
- Level 4, Programme in Health Services & Systems Research, Duke NUS Medical-School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Republic of Singapore
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287
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Higher Serum CCN3 Is Associated with Disease Activity and Inflammatory Markers in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:3891425. [PMID: 32455138 PMCID: PMC7232667 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3891425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephroblastoma overexpressed protein (NOV/CCN3), the early discovered member of the CCN family, has recently been suggested to be involved in a number of inflammatory processes, including wound healing, alveolar epithelial cell inflammation, cancer metastasis, and macrophage foam cell formation. However, the role of CCN3 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a classic autoimmune and inflammatory disease, remains elusive. RA is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that eventually leads to cartilage and bone destruction and joint dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the potential of serum CCN3 as a biomarker for RA. The serum levels of CCN3 were measured by ELISA. The clinical and laboratory parameters were collected from a clinical record system, and disease activity was determined by joint disease activity score 28 (DAS28). Our results showed that the serum levels of CCN3 were significantly increased in RA patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, the CCN3 level was positively correlated with DAS28 (CRP), DAS28 (ESR), and the level of anti-CCP Ab, an autoantibody highly specific for RA. Furthermore, CCN3 showed a positive correlation with inflammatory cytokine IL-6, while no significant correlation with TNF-α was observed. These data suggest that CCN3 plays an important role in the development of RA and might be a potential disease activity biomarker for RA.
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288
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Ramos-Casals M, Brahmer JR, Callahan MK, Flores-Chávez A, Keegan N, Khamashta MA, Lambotte O, Mariette X, Prat A, Suárez-Almazor ME. Immune-related adverse events of checkpoint inhibitors. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2020; 6:38. [PMID: 32382051 PMCID: PMC9728094 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-020-0160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 718] [Impact Index Per Article: 179.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies have changed the landscape of cancer treatment during the past few decades. Among them, immune checkpoint inhibitors, which target PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4, are increasingly used for certain cancers; however, this increased use has resulted in increased reports of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These irAEs are unique and are different to those of traditional cancer therapies, and typically have a delayed onset and prolonged duration. IrAEs can involve any organ or system. These effects are frequently low grade and are treatable and reversible; however, some adverse effects can be severe and lead to permanent disorders. Management is primarily based on corticosteroids and other immunomodulatory agents, which should be prescribed carefully to reduce the potential of short-term and long-term complications. Thoughtful management of irAEs is important in optimizing quality of life and long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ramos-Casals
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, ICMiD, Barcelona, Spain. .,Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases Josep Font, IDIBAPS-CELLEX, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Julie R. Brahmer
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Margaret K. Callahan
- Melanoma and Immunotherapeutics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Niamh Keegan
- Melanoma and Immunotherapeutics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Munther A. Khamashta
- Lupus Clinic, Rheumatology Department, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- APHP Médecine Interne/Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Paris, France,Université Paris-Saclay – INSERM U1184 - CEA, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses and Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Centre de recherche en Immunologie des infections virales et des maladies auto-immunes ; AP-HP.Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Rheumatology Department, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Aleix Prat
- Translational Genomic and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria E. Suárez-Almazor
- Section of Rheumatology/Clinical Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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289
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Moving towards personalized treatments of immune-related adverse events. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:504-515. [DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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290
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Possible Mechanisms Involved in the Cooccurrence of Oral Lichen Planus and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6309238. [PMID: 32089646 PMCID: PMC7024099 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6309238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory oral mucosal disorder mediated by T cells, with a multifactorial etiology. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by hypothyroidism. Although many clinical studies conducted over the past several decades have reported the cooccurrence of OLP and HT, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This review summarizes potential mechanisms that might be involved in the cooccurrence of OLP and HT. We find that OLP and HT share a common or overlapping pathogenesis in terms of immune, heredity, environmental, and hormonal factors, which might cause cooccurrence. Furthermore, considering the latency of HT, a routine screen for thyroid diseases, particularly HT, is suggested for confirmed OLP patients.
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291
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Moreno-Arrones OM, Serrano-Villar S, Perez-Brocal V, Saceda-Corralo D, Morales-Raya C, Rodrigues-Barata R, Moya A, Jaen-Olasolo P, Vano-Galvan S. Analysis of the gut microbiota in alopecia areata: identification of bacterial biomarkers. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:400-405. [PMID: 31419351 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease with an unknown etiopathogenesis. Gut microbiota has been revealed as a key modulator of systemic immunity. OBJECTIVE To determine whether patients affected by alopecia universalis present differences in gut bacteria composition compared with healthy controls and investigate possible bacterial biomarkers of the disease. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study that involved 15 patients affected by alopecia universalis and 15 controls. Gut microbiome of the study subjects was analysed by sequencing the 16SrRNA of stool samples. We searched for bacterial biomarkers of alopecia universalis using the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEFse) tool. RESULTS In total, 30 study subjects (46.6% female; mean [SD] age, 40.1 [9.8] years) were enrolled. Neither alpha (Shannon diversity index 5.31 ± 0.43 vs. 5.03 ± 0.43, P 0.1) or beta diversity (ADONIS P value: 0.35) of gut microbiota showed statistically significant differences between cases and controls. In patients affected with alopecia, we found an enriched presence (LDA SCORE > 2) of Holdemania filiformis, Erysipelotrichacea, Lachnospiraceae, Parabacteroides johnsonii, Clostridiales vadin BB60 group, Bacteroides eggerthii and Parabacteroides distasonis. A predictive model based on the number of bacterial counts of Parabacteroides distasonis and Clostridiales vadin BB60 group correctly predicted disease status in 80% of patients (AUC 0.804 (0.633-0.976), P 0.004). CONCLUSION Alopecia universalis does not seem to affect broadly gut microbiota structure. Bacterial biomarkers found associated with the disease (Holdemania filiformis, Erysipelotrichacea, Lachnospiraceae, Parabacteroides johnsonii, Eggerthellaceae, Clostridiales vadin BB60 group, Bacteroides eggerthii and Parabacteroides distasonis) should be further studied as they could be involved in its pathophysiology or be used as diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Moreno-Arrones
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Serrano-Villar
- Infectious Diseases Department, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Perez-Brocal
- Department of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), València, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
| | - D Saceda-Corralo
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - R Rodrigues-Barata
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Moya
- Department of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), València, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), The University of Valencia and The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-UVEG), València, Spain
| | - P Jaen-Olasolo
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Vano-Galvan
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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292
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293
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TYK2 in Tumor Immunosurveillance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010150. [PMID: 31936322 PMCID: PMC7017180 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the history of the tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) as the founding member of the Janus kinase (JAK) family and outline its structure-function relation. Gene-targeted mice and hereditary defects of TYK2 in men have established the biological and pathological functions of TYK2 in innate and adaptive immune responses to infection and cancer and in (auto-)inflammation. We describe the architecture of the main cytokine receptor families associated with TYK2, which activate signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). We summarize the cytokine receptor activities with well characterized dependency on TYK2, the types of cells that respond to cytokines and TYK2 signaling-induced cytokine production. TYK2 may drive beneficial or detrimental activities, which we explain based on the concepts of tumor immunoediting and the cancer-immunity cycle in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we summarize current knowledge of TYK2 functions in mouse models of tumor surveillance. The biology and biochemistry of JAKs, TYK2-dependent cytokines and cytokine signaling in tumor surveillance are well covered in recent reviews and the oncogenic properties of TYK2 are reviewed in the recent Special Issue ‘Targeting STAT3 and STAT5 in Cancer’ of Cancers.
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294
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Gastric Cancer Stem Cells: Current Insights into the Immune Microenvironment and Therapeutic Targets. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8010007. [PMID: 31935894 PMCID: PMC7168269 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known to be involved in chemotherapy resistance and the development of metastases. Although CSCs harbor self-renewal and tumorigenic abilities, the immune microenvironment surrounding CSCs provides various factors and supports the maintenance of CSC properties. The current review summarizes the accumulating findings regarding the relationship between the immune microenvironment and gastric CSCs (GCSCs), which will support the possibility of developing novel therapeutic strategies for targeting GCSCs.
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295
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Xia S, Sun Q, Zou Z, Liu Y, Fang X, Sun B, Wei S, Wang D, Zhang A, Liu Q. Ginkgo biloba extract attenuates the disruption of pro-and anti-inflammatory T-cell balance in peripheral blood of arsenicosis patients. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:483-494. [PMID: 32015684 PMCID: PMC6990893 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.39351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endemic arsenicosis is a public health problem that affects thousands of people worldwide. However, the biological mechanism involved is not well characterized, and there is no specific treatment. Exposure to arsenic may be associated with immune-related problems. In the present work, we performed an investigation to determine whether the Th17/Treg balance was abnormal in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with arsenicosis caused by burning coal. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on the Th17/Treg imbalance in patients with arsenicosis. In this trial, 81 arsenicosis patients and 37 controls were enrolled. The numbers of Th17 and Treg cells, as well as related transcription factors and serum cytokines, were determined at the beginning and end of the study. Patients with arsenicosis exhibited higher levels of Th17 cells, Th17-related cytokines (IL-17A and IL-6), and the transcription factor RORγt. There were lower levels of Treg cells, a Treg-related cytokine (IL-10), and the transcription factor Foxp3 as compared with controls. There was a positive correlation between the levels of Th17 cells and IL-17A and the levels of arsenic in hair. Arsenicosis patients were randomly assigned to a GBE treatment group or a placebo group. After 3 months of follow-up, 74 patients completed the study (39 cases in the GBE group and 35 in the placebo group). Administration of GBE to patient upregulated the numbers of Treg cells and the level of IL-10 and downregulated the numbers of Th17 cells and the levels of cytokines associated with Th17 cells. The mRNA levels of Foxp3 and RORγt were increased and decreased, respectively. These results indicated that exposure to arsenic is associated with immune-related problems. The present investigation describes a previously unknown mechanism showing that an imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory T cells is involved in the pathogenesis of arsenicosis and that a GBE exerts effects on arsenicosis through regulation of the pro- and anti-inflammatory T cell balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Sun
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglan Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglian Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaofeng Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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296
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Bonam SR, Bayry J. For antigen-specific effector or Foxp3 + regulatory T cell fate, cyclin-dependent kinases hold the trump card. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:310-312. [PMID: 31857704 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Neuroimmunology & peptide therapy, Biotechnology and cell signaling, CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, 67412, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe-Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France.
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297
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Lu Y, Zhao C, Lei L, Tao Z, Zheng L, Wen J, Li X. Effects of thalidomide on Th17, Treg cells and TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway in a mouse model of systemic sclerosis. Int J Rheum Dis 2019; 23:406-419. [PMID: 31840939 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the immune regulatory and anti-fibrosis function of thalidomide (Thal) in systemic sclerosis (SSc), we investigated the effects of Thal on: (a) Th17 and Treg cell production; (b) related factors expression; and (c) transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad3 pathway, using a mouse model of SSc. METHODS Forty female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a normal control (NC) group, SSc group (bleomycin [BLM]-induced experimental SSc), BLM + Thal (10 mg/kg/day) group, BLM + Thal (20) group, and BLM + Thal (30) group. Thal was administered a day after BLM. At the end of the animal experiments, mouse tissues were collected for detection of pathological changes and hydroxyproline content. Flow cytometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, Western blot and other methods were used to measure Th17, Treg cell population and their related factors, as well as TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway expression. RESULTS Thal treatment: (a) reduced skin, and pulmonary tissue fibrosis, inflammation score, and hydroxyproline content (P < .001) in BLM-induced SSc mice; (b) reduced the percentages of Th17 cells and associated interleukin (IL)-17A expression (both P < .05) but increased the percentages of Treg cells and its transcription factor Foxp3 expression (both P < .05); (c) correlation analysis found positive correlations between Th17/Treg ratio, the inflammatory score of the skin and pulmonary tissues, hydroxyproline content, and type I collagen messenger RNA expression (r = .8546, .8656, .6902, .6807, .8118, and .8424, respectively, P < .01); (d) Thal inhibited TGF-β1 expression and Smad3 phosphorylation (both P < .05); (e) TGF-β1 was positively correlated with the IL-17A and Th17/Treg ratio (r = .5856, P = .005; r = .6684, P = .0107, respectively). CONCLUSION Thal can effectively prevent skin and pulmonary tissue fibrosis in a mouse model of SSc through the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway and can rectify the distortion of the Th17/Treg balance in SSc by potentially regulating Th17 and Treg cell production, as well as their related factors expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Ling Lei
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiqing Tao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Leting Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Xi Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
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298
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Turubanova VD, Balalaeva IV, Mishchenko TA, Catanzaro E, Alzeibak R, Peskova NN, Efimova I, Bachert C, Mitroshina EV, Krysko O, Vedunova MV, Krysko DV. Immunogenic cell death induced by a new photodynamic therapy based on photosens and photodithazine. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:350. [PMID: 31842994 PMCID: PMC6916435 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-cancer therapy is more successful when it can also induce an immunogenic form of cancer cell death (ICD). Therefore, when developing new treatment strategies, it is extremely important to choose methods that induce ICD and thereby activate anti-tumor immune response leading to the most effective destruction of tumor cells. The aim of this work was to analyze whether the clinically widely used photosensitizers, photosens (PS) and photodithazine (PD), can induce ICD when used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methods Cell death in murine glioma GL261 or fibrosarcoma MCA205 cells was induced by PS- or PD-PDT and cell death was analyzed by MTT or flow cytometry. Intracellular distribution of PS and PD was studied by using the laser scanning microscope. Calreticulin exposure and HMGB1 and ATP release were detected by flow cytometry, ELISA and luminescence assay, respectively. Immunogenicity in vitro was analyzed by co-culturing of dying cancer cells with bone-marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and rate of phagocytosis and maturation (CD11c+CD86+, CD11c+CD40+) of BMDCs and production of IL-6 in the supernatant were measured. In vivo immunogenicity was analyzed in mouse tumor prophylactic vaccination model. Results We determined the optimal concentrations of the photosensitizers and found that at a light dose of 20 J/cm2 (λex 615–635 nm) both PS and PD efficiently induced cell death in glioma GL261 and fibrosarcoma MCA205 cells. We demonstrate that PS localized predominantly in the lysosomes and that the cell death induced by PS-PDT was inhibited by zVAD-fmk (apoptosis inhibitor) and by ferrostatin-1 and DFO (ferroptosis inhibitors), but not by the necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1 s. By contrast, PD accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, and the cell death induced by PD-PDT was inhibited only by z-VAD-fmk. Dying cancer cells induced by PS-PDT or PD-PDT emit calreticulin, HMGB1 and ATP and they were efficiently engulfed by BMDCs, which then matured, became activated and produced IL-6. Using dying cancer cells induced by PS-PDT or PD-PDT, we demonstrate the efficient vaccination potential of ICD in vivo. Conclusions Altogether, these results identify PS and PD as novel ICD inducers that could be effectively combined with PDT in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria D Turubanova
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V Balalaeva
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana A Mishchenko
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Catanzaro
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Razan Alzeibak
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Nina N Peskova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Iuliia Efimova
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elena V Mitroshina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Krysko
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria V Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. .,Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation. .,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
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299
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Shalapour S, Karin M. Pas de Deux: Control of Anti-tumor Immunity by Cancer-Associated Inflammation. Immunity 2019; 51:15-26. [PMID: 31315033 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In many settings, tumor-associated inflammation, supported mainly by innate immune cells, contributes to tumor growth. Initial innate activation triggers secretion of inflammatory, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn shape the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Here, we review the current understanding of the intricate dialog between cancer-associated inflammation and anti-tumor immunity. We discuss the changing nature of these interactions during tumor progression and the impact of the tissue environment on the anti-tumor immune response. In this context, we outline important gaps in current understanding by considering basic research and findings in the clinic. The future of cancer immunotherapy and its utility depend on improved understanding of these interactions and the ability to manipulate them in a predictable and beneficial manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Shalapour
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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300
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Heat Shock Proteins in Cancer Immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:3267207. [PMID: 31885572 PMCID: PMC6927063 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3267207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved molecular chaperones with divergent roles in various cellular processes. The HSPs are classified according to their molecular size as HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90. The HSPs prevent nonspecific cellular aggregation of proteins by maintaining their native folding energetics. The disruption of this vital cellular process, driven by the aberrant expression of HSPs, is implicated in the progression of several different carcinomas. Many HSPs are also actively involved in promoting the proliferation and differentiation of tumor cells, contributing to their metastatic phenotype. Upregulation of these HSPs is associated with the poor outcome of anticancer therapy in clinical settings. On the other hand, these highly expressed HSPs may be exploited as viable immunotherapeutic targets for different types of cancers. This review discusses recent advances and perspectives on the research of HSP-based cancer immunotherapy.
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