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Baptista I, Johansen D, Seabra A, Pettersen SA. Position specific player load during match-play in a professional football club. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198115. [PMID: 29795703 PMCID: PMC5967838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a rapid growing body of knowledge regarding physical aspects of a football match due to studies using computer-assisted motion analysis. The present study used time-motion analysis and triaxial-accelerometers to obtain new insights about differences in physical profiles of elite football players across playing-positions. Player performance data in 23 official home matches from a professional football club, during two seasons were collected for analysis. Eighteen players from five different playing positions (central backs: n = 3; full-backs: n = 5; central midfielders: n = 6; wide midfielders: n = 3; and central forwards: n = 4), performing a total of 138 observations. A novel finding was that central backs and central midfielders had significantly lower work-rate in sprints, decelerations and accelerations than full-backs, wide midfielders and central forwards (p<0.001). Furthermore, wide midfielders and full-backs performed significantly more turns (>90°) than central backs. The most common distance covered in high-intensity runs (≥19.8 km·h−1) for central backs, central midfielders, wide midfielders and central forwards was 1–5 m, but for full-backs was 6–10 m. This may help coaches in developing individualized training programs to meet the demands of each position in match-play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Baptista
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Tromsø, the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Dag Johansen
- Computer Science Department, University of Tromsø, the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - André Seabra
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Svein Arne Pettersen
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Tromsø, the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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252
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Barbalho M, Gentil P, Raiol R, Del Vecchio FB, Ramirez-Campillo R, Coswig VS. Non-Linear Resistance Training Program Induced Power and Strength but Not Linear Sprint Velocity and Agility Gains in Young Soccer Players. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:E43. [PMID: 29910347 PMCID: PMC6026838 DOI: 10.3390/sports6020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The present study evaluated the effects of resistance training (RT) following a non-linear periodization model in the physical fitness of young soccer athletes. Methods: Young soccer players (n = 23) were allocated into two groups: an RT group (RTG), and the control group (CON). The RTG underwent 15 weeks of non-linear RT periodization in three weekly sessions in addition to their specific soccer training. The CON continued performing the specific soccer training. Before and after the training period, all of the subjects performed one-repetition maximum (RM) tests for speed, agility, and power (vertical and horizontal jump). Results: The RTG obtained significant gains in one-RM tests (before 64.1 ± 5.8 kg, after 79.1 ± 3.3 kg) and power (vertical jump (before 56 ± 2.7 cm, after 61.3 ± 1.7 cm) and horizontal jump (before 184.5 ± 5.5 cm, after 213.6 ± 3.2 cm)). In contrast, the CON group presented a non-significant increase in one-RM tests and horizontal jump, and a significant reduction in vertical jump (before 55.4 ± 2.2 cm, after 51.3 ± 1.5 cm). Neither group presented significant gains in speed (CON: p = 0.27; RTG: p = 0.72) and agility (CON: p = 0.19; RTG: p = 0.58). Conclusion: Our data suggest that non-linear RT should be inserted into the routine of young soccer athletes for improving strength and power without impairing speed and agility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Barbalho
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade da Amazônia, Belém 66035-190, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Gentil
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Rodolfo Raiol
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, Belém 66040-020, Brazil.
| | | | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sport, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno 1305, Chile.
| | - Victor Silveira Coswig
- Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal 68746-630, Brazil.
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253
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Brito Â, Roriz P, Duarte R, Garganta J. Match-running performance of young soccer players in different game formats. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2018.1479924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ângelo Brito
- CIFI2D - Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Roriz
- CIDESD-ISMAI, LABIOMEP (Porto Biomechanics Laboratory) & INESC-TEC, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Duarte
- CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, SpertLab, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal & VPS Football Club - Vaasan Palloseura Oy, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Júlio Garganta
- CIFI2D - Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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254
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Charlton PC, Raysmith B, Wollin M, Rice S, Purdam C, Clark RA, Drew MK. Knee flexion strength is significantly reduced following competition in semi-professional Australian Rules football athletes: Implications for injury prevention programs. Phys Ther Sport 2018; 31:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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255
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Lignell E, Fransson D, Krustrup P, Mohr M. Analysis of High-Intensity Skating in Top-Class Ice Hockey Match-Play in Relation to Training Status and Muscle Damage. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:1303-1310. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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256
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External Match Loads of Footballers With Cerebral Palsy: A Comparison Among Sport Classes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2018; 13:590-596. [DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2017-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To determine and compare the external match load, according to sport class (FT), of footballers with cerebral palsy (CP) during the International Federation of CP Football World Championships Qualification Tournament. Methods: Forty-two international male footballers with CP participated in the data collection. The footballers with CP were classified according to their FT into 3 groups (ie, FT5/6, FT7, and FT8). External match load (ie, total distance covered, distance covered at different speeds, accelerations, decelerations, player load, peak metabolic power, and changes of directions) was collected for both halves during official matches with global positioning system devices. Results: Players with lower impairment (FT8) covered more distance (effect size = 0.30–0.60) at high-intensity running (13.0–18.0 km·h−1) and sprinting (>18.0 km·h−1) and performed more (effect size = 0.29–1.08) accelerations, decelerations, and changes of direction at high intensity in matches than did other players (ie, FT5/6 and FT7 groups). Conclusion: Because high-intensity actions are relevant to football performance and there are differences caused by players’ impairments, the International Federation of CP Football classification protocols should include high-intensity actions during the technical assessment as part of the procedures for determining the sport class of football players with CP.
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257
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Relationships between performance test and match-related physical performance parameters. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-018-0519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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258
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259
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Post-Game High Protein Intake May Improve Recovery of Football-Specific Performance during a Congested Game Fixture: Results from the PRO-FOOTBALL Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040494. [PMID: 29659539 PMCID: PMC5946279 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of protein supplementation on performance recovery and inflammatory responses during a simulated one-week in-season microcycle with two games (G1, G2) performed three days apart were examined. Twenty football players participated in two trials, receiving either milk protein concentrate (1.15 and 0.26 g/kg on game and training days, respectively) (PRO) or an energy-matched placebo (1.37 and 0.31 g/kg of carbohydrate on game and training days, respectively) (PLA) according to a randomized, repeated-measures, crossover, double-blind design. Each trial included two games and four daily practices. Speed, jump height, isokinetic peak torque, and muscle soreness of knee flexors (KF) and extensors (KE) were measured before G1 and daily thereafter for six days. Blood was drawn before G1 and daily thereafter. Football-specific locomotor activity and heart rate were monitored using GPS technology during games and practices. The two games resulted in reduced speed (by 3–17%), strength of knee flexors (by 12–23%), and jumping performance (by 3–10%) throughout recovery, in both trials. Average heart rate and total distance covered during games remained unchanged in PRO but not in PLA. Moreover, PRO resulted in a change of smaller magnitude in high-intensity running at the end of G2 (75–90 min vs. 0–15 min) compared to PLA (P = 0.012). KE concentric strength demonstrated a more prolonged decline in PLA (days 1 and 2 after G1, P = 0.014–0.018; days 1, 2 and 3 after G2, P = 0.016–0.037) compared to PRO (days 1 after G1, P = 0.013; days 1 and 2 after G2, P = 0.014–0.033) following both games. KF eccentric strength decreased throughout recovery after G1 (PLA: P=0.001–0.047—PRO: P =0.004–0.22) in both trials, whereas after G2 it declined throughout recovery in PLA (P = 0.000–0.013) but only during the first two days (P = 0.000–0.014) in PRO. No treatment effect was observed for delayed onset of muscle soreness, leukocyte counts, and creatine kinase activity. PRO resulted in a faster recovery of protein and lipid peroxidation markers after both games. Reduced glutathione demonstrated a more short-lived reduction after G2 in PRO compared to PLA. In summary, these results provide evidence that protein feeding may more efficiently restore football-specific performance and strength and provide antioxidant protection during a congested game fixture.
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260
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Coutinho D, Gonçalves B, Wong DP, Travassos B, Coutts AJ, Sampaio J. Exploring the effects of mental and muscular fatigue in soccer players’ performance. Hum Mov Sci 2018; 58:287-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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261
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Abstract
The evaluation of match officials’ neuromuscular performance is now an important consideration and the vertical jump test is considered suitable for assessing lower limb power, partly because it is directly related to refereeing. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the effect of soccer matches on match officials’ vertical jump performance by assessing various biomechanical variables. Eighteen field referees (FRs) and 36 assistant referees (ARs) who officiated in 18 official matches participated in this study. Before the match, at half time and immediately after the match, officials performed two countermovement jumps. Flight phase time (FT), maximum force production (MFpropulsion), time to production of maximum force (TMFpropulsion), production of maximum power (MP), maximum landing force (MFlanding) and time to stabilization (TTS) were calculated for all jumps. There was a tendency for match officials’ jumping performance to improve after matches than beforehand (FR: effect size (ES) = 0.19 ± 0.36, possibly trivial; AR: ES = 0.07 ± 0.17, likely trivial). There were also likely small and very likely moderate differences between FRs’ MP in pre-match and half-time jumps (ES = 0.46 ± 0.47) and in their pre- and post-match jumps (ES = 0.71 ± 0.48). These results indicate that refereeing soccer matches does not reduce vertical jump performance; the subsequent neuromuscular fatigue is not sufficient to affect landing technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Castillo
- Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Javier Yanci
- Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jesús Cámara
- Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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262
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Los Arcos A, Castillo D, Martínez-Santos R. Influence of initial performance level and tactical position on the aerobic fitness in soccer players after preseason period. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2018.1451652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asier Los Arcos
- Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Daniel Castillo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Isabel I, Burgos, Spain
| | - Raúl Martínez-Santos
- Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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263
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Datson N, Drust B, Weston M, Jarman IH, Lisboa PJ, Gregson W. Match Physical Performance of Elite Female Soccer Players During International Competition. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 31:2379-2387. [PMID: 27467514 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Datson, N, Drust, B, Weston, M, Jarman, IH, Lisboa, P, and Gregson, W. Match physical performance of elite female soccer players during international competition. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2379-2387, 2017-The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed analysis of the physical demands of competitive international female soccer match play. A total of 148 individual match observations were undertaken on 107 outfield players competing in competitive international matches during the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 seasons, using a computerized tracking system (Prozone Sports Ltd., Leeds, England). Total distance and total high-speed running distances were influenced by playing position, with central midfielders completing the highest (10,985 ± 706 m and 2,882 ± 500 m) and central defenders the lowest (9,489 ± 562 m and 1,901 ± 268 m) distances, respectively. Greater total very high-speed running distances were completed when a team was without (399 ± 143 m) compared to with (313 ± 210 m) possession of the ball. Most sprints were over short distances with 76% and 95% being less than 5 and 10 m, respectively. Between half reductions in physical performance were present for all variables, independent of playing position. This study provides novel findings regarding the physical demands of different playing positions in competitive international female match play and provides important insights for physical coaches preparing elite female players for competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Datson
- 1Performance Services, The Football Association, Burton Upon Trent, United Kingdom; 2Football Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom; 3School of Social Sciences, Business and Law, Teesside University, Teesside, United Kingdom; and 4School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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264
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Conde JH, Alves DL, Novack LF, Carneiro CF, Cruz R, Osiecki R. Comparisons of recovery, external and internal load by playing position and match outcome in professional soccer. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201800010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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265
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Barrett S, McLaren S, Spears I, Ward P, Weston M. The Influence of Playing Position and Contextual Factors on Soccer Players' Match Differential Ratings of Perceived Exertion: A Preliminary Investigation. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:sports6010013. [PMID: 29910317 PMCID: PMC5969182 DOI: 10.3390/sports6010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Differential RPE (dRPE) separates scores for breathlessness (RPE-B), leg muscle exertion (RPE-L) and technical/cognitive exertion (RPE-T). Limited information for dRPE is available in soccer match play, yet these measurements may help inform practitioners training and recovery strategies. This preliminary study investigated the effects of playing position and contextual factors on elite soccer players’ dRPE. (2) Methods: Thirty-two male English Premier League players recorded dRPE scores 15–30 min post-match for RPE-B, RPE-L, and RPE-T. Data were analysed using linear mixed models, with magnitude-based inferences subsequently applied. (3) Results: Overall, the mean ± SD for the dRPE were 63 ± 23 arbitrary units (au) (RPE-B), 67 ± 22 au (RPE-L), and 60 ± 24 au (RPE-T). Full Backs reported substantially higher RPE-B, RPE-L and RPE-T when compared to all other positions. Substantially higher RPE-T scores were reported for matches played against Top teams compared to Bottom (10 au; 90% Confidence Interval 5 to 15 au) and Middle (10 au; 4 to 15 au) ranked teams. The effects of match result and location on dRPE were not substantial. (4) Conclusions: Positional differences were observed following soccer match play for RPE-B, RPE-L and RPE-T. Full backs had substantially higher dRPE then any other position, with all players reporting increased RPE-T when playing teams at the Top of the league. These findings can help practitioners monitor internal load responses and support the prescription of training and recovery sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Barrett
- Sports Medicine and Science Department, Hull City FC, Kingston Upon Hull HU16 4HB, UK.
| | - Shaun McLaren
- Sport Science and Medical Department, Hartlepool United Football Club, Hartlepool TS24 8BZ, UK.
- Department of Psychology, Sport and Exercise, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK.
| | - Iain Spears
- Pro-Football Support, Huddersfield HD7 5BQ, UK.
| | - Patrick Ward
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5UA, UK.
| | - Matthew Weston
- Department of Psychology, Sport and Exercise, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK.
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266
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Ryan M, Malone S, Donnellan A, Collins K. Acceleration Profile of Elite Gaelic Football With Special Reference to Position of Play. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 34:1750-1758. [PMID: 29401196 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ryan, M, Malone, S, Donnellan, A, and Collins, K. Acceleration profile of elite Gaelic football with special reference to position of play. J Strength Cond Res 34(6): 1750-1758, 2020-The current study aimed to characterize the positional match-play demands of elite Gaelic football players with special reference to acceleration using predetermined 5-minute periods (epochs). Thirty-five male Gaelic players (mean ± SD, age: 24 ± 6 years; height: 180 ± 7 cm; mass: 81 ± 7 kg) across 5 playing positions (full-back, half-back, midfield, half-forward, and full-forward) were monitored during the investigation. Player movement was recorded during 19 matches using 4-Hz global positioning system technology (VXSport, New Zealand) resulting in 154 player observations. Global positioning system was used to record total distance (m), (high-speed running; m; ≥17 km·h), (very high-speed running distance; m; ≥22 km·h), the number of accelerations (n), duration of accelerations (s), peak acceleration (m), and distance of accelerations (m). Acceleration profiles were position dependent with midfielders found to have a high accumulation of acceleration movements when compared with all other positions (p ≤ 0.05). Declines of -2 to -32% for acceleration distance (m) depending on positional line of play were observed during match-play. Less high-speed running and very high-speed running distance was performed by the full-back line (high-speed running; -39% and very high-speed running; -36%) and full-forward line (-35%; -29%) when compared with half-back, midfielders, and half-forwards (p = 0.01, d = 1.35-1.77). Similar trends were reported for peak acceleration distance (p = 0.01, d = 1.15-1.93). The current investigation provides a greater understanding of temporal differences in acceleration profiles of playing position. We show that half-back, midfield, and half-forwards have the highest acceleration movements; these data can assist coaches in appropriately preparing players for the required acceleration distances required during match-play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ryan
- Department of Science, Gaelic Sports Research Center, Institute of Tallaght, Tallaght, Dublin
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267
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268
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The match-to-match variation of match-running in elite female soccer. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:196-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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269
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Lago-Peñas C, Gómez-Ruano M, Yang G. Styles of play in professional soccer: an approach of the Chinese Soccer Super League. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2018.1431857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lago-Peñas
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Miguel Gómez-Ruano
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gai Yang
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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270
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Marcos MA, Koulla PM, Anthos ZI. Preseason Maximal Aerobic Power in Professional Soccer Players Among Different Divisions. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:356-363. [PMID: 29369953 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Marcos, MA, Koulla, PM, and Anthos, ZI. Preseason maximal aerobic power in professional soccer players among different divisions. J Strength Cond Res 32(2): 356-363, 2018-The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the anthropometric, maximal oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max), and positional differences of first division (D1) professional football players from players of second (D2) and third (D3) divisions in Cyprus football leagues. Four hundred twenty-one professional male football players participated in this study. All subjects underwent anthropometric and body composition evaluation. In addition, they performed an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on a treadmill for V[Combining Dot Above]O2max evaluation. The results were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance, between subjects design revealing significant effects among the divisions. Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) tests demonstrated that players from D1 scored significantly higher on V[Combining Dot Above]O2max and lasted significantly longer on the treadmill than participants of D2 and D3 (p ≤ 0.05). Similar findings were demonstrated when D2 was contrasted against D3 players. Goalkeepers, defenders, and forwards demonstrated significantly higher anthropometric measurements, whereas wingers and midfielders demonstrated significantly higher V[Combining Dot Above]O2max (p ≤ 0.05) than goalkeepers and defenders. The findings of this study clearly demonstrated that cardiovascular fitness, as determined by CPET, is an important fitness parameter that differentiates professional football players who play at a more advanced level. This could be attributed to the different seasonal schedules that allow for longer transition time for lower division players and thus favoring greater detraining effects. Emphasis should be given by fitness professionals on transition period training to minimize the detraining effects especially in lower divisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaelides A Marcos
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Central Lancashire, Larnaca, Cyprus
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271
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Slater LV, Baker R, Weltman AL, Hertel J, Saliba SA, Hart JM. Activity monitoring in men’s college soccer: a single season longitudinal study. Res Sports Med 2018; 26:178-190. [DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2018.1431535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay V. Slater
- Neuromechanics of Impaired Locomotion Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan Baker
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Arthur L. Weltman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jay Hertel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Susan A. Saliba
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joseph M. Hart
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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272
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The Demands of Amputee Soccer Impair Muscular Endurance and Power Indices But Not Match Physical Performance. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2018; 35:76-92. [PMID: 29303362 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2016-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the match demands (distances covered and acute physiological responses) of amputee soccer and its impact on muscular endurance and power. Measures such as heart rate, blood lactate concentration, subjective rating of perceived exertion, and time-motion characteristics were recorded in 16 Brazilian amputee soccer players during matches. Before and after matches, players completed a battery of tests: push-ups, countermovement vertical jump performance, and medicine ball throwing. Small differences were found between the first and second half for the distance covered in total and across various speed categories. Heart rate responses, blood lactate concentrations, and peak speed did not differ between halves, and all neuromuscular performance measures decreased after the match particularly after push-ups, although the rating of perceived exertion increased markedly compared with prematches. Although match physical performances were consistent across halves, the overall demands impaired test performance, especially for upper limb and closed kinetic chain exercise.
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273
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Barbero-Alvarez JC, Gómez-López M, Castagna C, Barbero-Alvarez V, Romero DV, Blanchfield AW, Nakamura FY. Game Demands of Seven-A-Side Soccer in Young Players. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:1771-1779. [PMID: 26349040 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Barbero-Alvarez, JC, Gómez-López, M, Castagna, C, Barbero-Alvarez, V, Romero, DV, Blanchfield, AW, and Nakamura, FY. Game demands of seven-a-side soccer in young players. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1771-1779, 2017-The aim of this study was to examine the activity patterns and physiological demands of 7-a-side youth soccer matches across 2 chronological age categories (U12 and U14). Twenty-two soccer players of a national youth soccer academy were investigated. Players of each age category performed 2 training matches (2 × 25 minutes) and were monitored by global positioning system and heart rate monitor units. Players of both categories covered similar total distance (5,348 ± 307 m), at similar mean heart rate values (86 ± 4% of maximum). However, the number of high-intensity runs (82.5 ± 17.4 vs. 69.7 ± 15.2) and total distance covered during sprints (264 ± 207 vs. 128 ± 74 m) were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in U14 compared with U12. The results suggest a highly demanding nature of 7-a-side soccer for skilled players, with physical maturity possibly influencing the match-related high-intensity performance at these ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Barbero-Alvarez
- 1Physical Education Department, Faculty of Sports and Education Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, Melilla, Spain; 2Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; 3Sports and Physical Activity Faculty, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; 4Football Training and Biomechanics Laboratory, Italian Football Federation (FIGC), Technical Department, Coverciano (Florence), Italy; 5School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Bangor University, Wales, United Kingdom; and 6Physical Education Department, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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274
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de Hoyo M, Sañudo B, Suárez-Arrones L, Carrasco L, Joel T, Domínguez-Cobo S, Núñez FJ. Analysis of the acceleration profile according to initial speed and positional role in elite professional male soccer players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2017; 58:1774-1780. [PMID: 29199786 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.17.08003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to analyze the acceleration profile in elite professional soccer players according to their initial speed but also considering players' position. METHODS Players' accelerations profiles were analyzed using a relative acceleration profile according to the initial speed (S1, from 0 to 7 km/h; S2, from 7.1 to 14.3 km/h; and S3, ≥14.4 km/h) and the maximum acceleration. RESULTS Within-group analyzes showed that center backs (CB) performed more high intensity accelerations (likely) when they started in S1 than S2 (effect size [ES] 0.50). Strikers (S) and wide midfielders (W-MD) achieved more accelerations (likely to almost certain) starting in S3 than S1 (ES=0.80 and ES=0.59, respectively) and S2 (ES=0.67 and ES=1.09, respectively). Full backs (FB) completed more accelerations (almost certain) starting in S1 and S3 than S2 (ES=1.39 and ES=1.36, respectively). Finally, midfielders (MD) executed a greater number of high intensity accelerations (likely to almost certain) when they started in S1 than S2 (ES=0.83) and S3 (ES=0.66), and in S3 than S2 (ES=4.72). Between-group analyzes showed that S, W-MD, and FB performed a greater total number of high intensity accelerations (very likely to almost certain) than CB (ES=1.94, ES=1.57, and ES=1.51, respectively) and MD (ES=1.23, ES=0.92; and ES=0.81, respectively). Furthermore, MD performed substantially greater total number of high intensity accelerations (likely) than CB (ES=0.56). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that CB achieved more high-intensity accelerations starting in low and moderate speed, S and W-MD in high speed, and FB combined low and high speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés de Hoyo
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Seville, Seville, Spain - .,Section of Fitness, Sevilla FC, Seville, Spain -
| | - Borja Sañudo
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Luis Carrasco
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Tom Joel
- Department of Sports Science, Leicester City Football Club, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Francisco J Núñez
- Faculty of Sport, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain.,Section of Fitness, Beijing Sinobo Guoan Football Club, Beijing, China
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275
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Slimani M, Nikolaidis PT. Anthropometric and physiological characteristics of male soccer players according to their competitive level, playing position and age group: a systematic review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2017; 59:141-163. [PMID: 29199782 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.17.07950-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the present systematic review was to profile soccer players' anthropometric, physiological, and physical attributes relative to different competitive levels, playing positions and age groups. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The systematic search was conducted using different databases and according to the Population/Intervention or Exposure/Comparison/Outcome(s) [PICO] criteria. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The present review shows that the somatotype characteristics, percentage (%) of body fat, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), repeated-sprint ability (RSA), running speed, strength, and muscular power of the lower limbs were the most powerful discriminators between male soccer players of different competitive levels, playing positions, and age groups. Specifically, higher VO2max, muscle strength, muscular power (vertical jump height), running speed (10-30 m) and agility, and lower % of body fat were identified in elite soccer players (higher-level) compared to all other competitive levels (i.e., lower-level: sub-elite, amateur, recreational). As for the competitive level differences, higher VO2max, mean anaerobic power, RSA and sprint performances (5 to 20 m), and lower % of body fat and lower limbs' explosive capabilities (countermovement jump [CMJ] and squat jump [SJ]) were found in outfielders (forwards, midfielders, and defenders) as compared to goalkeepers, from a very youth age (8 years old). Concerning age-related performance, it appears that physical performance increased significantly with age. CONCLUSIONS These data, together with the fact that each position, age category, and playing level has a different physiological background in male soccer players, demonstrate that training programs should be individualized to each position, playing level and age category, as is already done with goalkeepers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maamer Slimani
- Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), El Menzah, Tunisia -
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276
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Brito Â, Roriz P, Silva P, Duarte R, Garganta J. Effects of pitch surface and playing position on external load activity profiles and technical demands of young soccer players in match play. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2017.1407207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ângelo Brito
- CIFI2D – Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Roriz
- CIDESD-ISMAI, LABIOMEP (Porto Biomechanics Laboratory) & INESC-TEC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Silva
- CIFI2D – Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Duarte
- CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, SpertLab, University of Lisbon, Porto, Portugal
| | - Júlio Garganta
- CIFI2D – Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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277
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Mara JK, Thompson KG, Pumpa KL, Morgan S. Quantifying the High-Speed Running and Sprinting Profiles of Elite Female Soccer Players During Competitive Matches Using an Optical Player Tracking System. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:1500-1508. [PMID: 28538298 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the high-speed running and sprinting profiles of elite female soccer players during competitive matches using a new Optical Player Tracking system. Eight stationary video cameras were positioned at vantage points surrounding the soccer field so that when each camera view was combined, the entire field could be viewed simultaneously. After each match, an optical player tracking system detected the coordinates (x, y) of each player for every video frame. Algorithms applied to the x and y coordinates were used to determine activity variables for 12 elite female players across 7 competitive matches. Players covered 9,220-10,581 m of total distance, 1,772-2,917 m of high-speed running (3.4-5.3 m·s) distance, and 417-850 m of sprinting (>5.4 m·s) distance, with variations between positional groups (p < 0.001; partial η = 0.444-0.488). Similarly, the number of high-speed runs differed between positional groups (p = 0.002; partial η = 0.342), and a large proportion of high-speed runs (81-84%) and sprints (71-78%) were performed over distances less than 10 m. Mean time between high-speed runs (13.9 ± 4.4 seconds) and sprints (86.5 ± 38.0 seconds) varied according to playing position (p < 0.001; partial η = 0.409) and time of the match (p < 0.001; partial η = 0.113-0.310). The results of this study can be used to design match-specific conditioning drills and shows that coaches should take an individualized approach to training load monitoring according to position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn K Mara
- 1Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra (UCRISE), Canberra, Australia; 2Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia; and 3Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), Canberra, Australia
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278
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Aquino R, Vieira LHP, Carling C, Martins GHM, Alves IS, Puggina EF. Effects of competitive standard, team formation and playing position on match running performance of Brazilian professional soccer players. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2017.1384976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Aquino
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz H. Palucci Vieira
- LaBioCoM Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Christopher Carling
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | | | - Isabella S. Alves
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Enrico F. Puggina
- Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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279
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Kobal R, Pereira LA, Zanetti V, Ramirez-Campillo R, Loturco I. Effects of Unloaded vs. Loaded Plyometrics on Speed and Power Performance of Elite Young Soccer Players. Front Physiol 2017; 8:742. [PMID: 29018362 PMCID: PMC5623051 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of loaded and unloaded plyometric training strategies on speed and power performance of elite young soccer players. Twenty-three under-17 male soccer players (age: 15.9 ± 1.2 years, height: 178.3 ± 8.1 cm, body-mass (BM): 68.1 ± 9.3 kg) from the same club took part in this study. The athletes were pair-matched in two training groups: loaded vertical and horizontal jumps using an haltere type handheld with a load of 8% of the athletes' body mass (LJ; n = 12) and unloaded vertical and horizontal plyometrics (UJ; n = 11). Sprinting speeds at 5-, 10-, and 20-m, mean propulsive power (MPP) relative to the players' BM in the jump squat exercise, and performance in the squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) were assessed pre- and post-training period. During the experimental period, soccer players performed 12 plyometric training sessions across a 6-week preseason period. Magnitude based inferences and standardized differences were used for statistical analysis. A very likely increase in the vertical jumps was observed for the LJ group (99/01/00 and 98/02/00 for SJ and CMJ, respectively). In the UJ group a likely increase was observed for both vertical jumps (83/16/01 and 90/10/00, for SJ and CMJ, respectively). An almost certainly decrease in the sprinting velocities along the 20-m course were found in the LJ group (00/00/100 for all split distances tested). Meanwhile, in the UJ likely to very likely decreases were observed for all sprinting velocities tested (03/18/79, 01/13/86, and 00/04/96, for velocities in 5-, 10-, and 20-m, respectively). No meaningful differences were observed for the MPP in either training group (11/85/04 and 37/55/08 for LJ and UJ, respectively). In summary, under-17 professional soccer players increased jumping ability after a 6-week preseason training program, using loaded or unloaded jumps. Despite these positive adaptations, both plyometric strategies failed to produce worthwhile improvements in maximal speed and power performances, which is possible related to the interference of concurrent training effects. New training strategies should be developed to ensure adequate balance between power and endurance loads throughout short (and high-volume) soccer preseasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo Kobal
- Nucleus of High Performance in Sport (NAR), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sport, University of Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Irineu Loturco
- Nucleus of High Performance in Sport (NAR), São Paulo, Brazil
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280
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Barte JCM, Nieuwenhuys A, Geurts SAE, Kompier MAJ. Fatigue experiences in competitive soccer: development during matches and the impact of general performance capacity. FATIGUE-BIOMEDICINE HEALTH AND BEHAVIOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21641846.2017.1377811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen C. M. Barte
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arne Nieuwenhuys
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine A. E. Geurts
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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281
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Markers of the Aerobic Energy-Delivery System as Measures of Post-Match Fatigue and Recovery in Soccer; a Repeated Measures Design. Asian J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.14425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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282
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Nonoperative Management, Rehabilitation, and Functional and Clinical Progression of Osteitis Pubis/Pubic Bone Stress in Professional Soccer Players: A Case Series. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017; 47:683-690. [PMID: 28774219 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2017.7314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Study Design Case series. Background Pubic bone stress (PBS) is a common acute or chronic response of the pelvis in sports where sprinting, kicking, twisting, and cutting are the dominant movements. There are few nonoperative rehabilitation strategies for the condition reported in the literature, and the outcome of conservative treatment has not been documented. Case Description Five professional and academy soccer players complaining of pubic symphysis pain, confirmed as PBS on magnetic resonance imaging and objective assessment, were treated with a nonoperative rehabilitation program that featured functional and clinical objective markers as progression criteria. Interventions in the acute phase included pharmacological and physical therapeutic modalities to reduce pain initially. Rehabilitation management focused on improving range of motion at the hips and thorax, adductor strengthening, trunk and lumbopelvic stability, gym-based strength training, and field-based rehabilitation and conditioning. Clinical follow-up was performed at least 8 months following return to play. Outcomes All players demonstrated reduced or resolved pain, increased adductor squeeze strength, and return to pain-free training and match play. Return-to-training time averaged 40.6 days (range, 30-60 days) and return to play averaged 49.4 days (range, 38-72 days) within the 5 players. At final follow-up (mean, 29.6 months; range, 16-33 months), there had been no recurrences. Discussion This report of 5 cases suggests that a nonoperative protocol, using clinical and functional progression criteria, may be successful in rehabilitating athletes with PBS for return to sport within 11 weeks. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(9):683-690. Epub 3 Aug 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7314.
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283
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Hoppe MW, Baumgart C, Slomka M, Polglaze T, Freiwald J. Variability of Metabolic Power Data in Elite Soccer Players During Pre-Season Matches. J Hum Kinet 2017; 58:233-245. [PMID: 28828094 PMCID: PMC5548171 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the within-subject variability of GPS-derived metabolic power data in elite soccer players across several pre-season matches and compare the variability of high metabolic power, velocity, acceleration and deceleration running. Additionally, differences in metabolic power data among playing positions and relationships with various physical abilities were also investigated. Metabolic power data from 12 outfield starting players competing in the German Bundesliga were collected during five pre-season matches using GPS-technology (10 Hz). The players were also tested for speed, agility, power and intermittent endurance. Variability of global metabolic power data such as energy expenditure (CV = 2.2-7.0%) was lower than that for high-intensity including time ≥20 W·kg-1 (CV = 14.0-26.2%). Variability of high metabolic power (≥20 W·kg-1; CV = 14.1 ± 3.5%) was comparable to that of high velocity (≥15.5 km·h-1; CV = 17.0 ± 6.2%), acceleration (≥3 m·s-2; CV = 11.1 ± 5.1%) and deceleration running (≤-3 m·s-2; CV = 11.9 ± 4.5%) (p > 0.05, ES < 0.2). Defenders had a largely higher overall energy expenditure than midfielders and attackers (p < 0.01, ES > 0.6). Overall energy expenditure and cost were largely to very largely correlated with 5 m speed and 22 m agility sprint time and counter movement jump height (r = -0.70-0.69, p < 0.05). The detected variability indicates that global GPS-derived metabolic power data in elite soccer players from a single preseason match should be preferably used for practical applications. Contrary, high-intensity indicators should be interpreted cautiously and repeated match observations are recommended to establish meaningful high-intensity profiles of the players. Differences among playing positions and relationships with explosive physical abilities indicate that metabolic power analyses can provide new insights into the mechanics and energetics of soccer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wilhelm Hoppe
- University of Wuppertal, Department of Movement and Training Science, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Christian Baumgart
- University of Wuppertal, Department of Movement and Training Science, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mirko Slomka
- Former Head Coach of FC Schalke 04, Hannover 96, and Hamburger SV, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ted Polglaze
- University of Western Australia, School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, Perth, Australia
| | - Jürgen Freiwald
- University of Wuppertal, Department of Movement and Training Science, Wuppertal, Germany
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284
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Aquino R, Munhoz Martins GH, Palucci Vieira LH, Menezes RP. Influence of Match Location, Quality of Opponents, and Match Status on Movement Patterns in Brazilian Professional Football Players. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:2155-2161. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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285
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Miñano-Espin J, Casáis L, Lago-Peñas C, Gómez-Ruano MÁ. High Speed Running and Sprinting Profiles of Elite Soccer Players. J Hum Kinet 2017; 58:169-176. [PMID: 28828087 PMCID: PMC5548164 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Real Madrid was named as the best club of the 20th century by the International Federation of Football History and Statistics. The aim of this study was to compare if players from Real Madrid covered shorter distances than players from the opposing team. One hundred and forty-nine matches including league, cup and UEFA Champions League matches played by the Real Madrid were monitored during the 2001-2002 to the 2006-2007 seasons. Data from both teams (Real Madrid and the opponent) were recorded. Altogether, 2082 physical performance profiles were examined, 1052 from the Real Madrid and 1031 from the opposing team (Central Defenders (CD) = 536, External Defenders (ED) = 491, Central Midfielders (CM) = 544, External Midfielders (EM) = 233, and Forwards (F) = 278). Match performance data were collected using a computerized multiple-camera tracking system (Amisco Pro®, Nice, France). A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for distances covered at different intensities (sprinting (>24.0 km/h) and high-speed running (21.1-24.0 km/h) and the number of sprints (21.1-24.0 km/h and >24.0 km/h) during games for each player sectioned under their positional roles. Players from Real Madrid covered shorter distances in high-speed running and sprint than players from the opposing team (p < 0.01). While ED did not show differences in their physical performance, CD (p < 0.05), CM (p < 0.01), EM (p < 0.01) and F (p > 0.01) from Real Madrid covered shorter distances in high-intensity running and sprint and performed less sprints than their counterparts. Finally, no differences were found in the high-intensity running and sprint distances performed by players from Real Madrid depending on the quality of the opposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Miñano-Espin
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Casáis
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y del Deporte, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Carlos Lago-Peñas
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y del Deporte, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Gómez-Ruano
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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286
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Śliwowski R, Grygorowicz M, Hojszyk R, Jadczak Ł. The isokinetic strength profile of elite soccer players according to playing position. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182177. [PMID: 28759603 PMCID: PMC5536282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare isokinetic strength performance profiles in elite soccer players across different field positions. A total of 111 elite international players of Polish Ekstraklasa (the top division in Poland) were examined during the 2010–2015 seasons. The players were classified into six positional roles: central defenders (CD), external defenders (ED), central midfielders (CM), external midfielders (EM), forwards (F), and goalkeepers (G). The concentric isokinetic strength (peak torque [PT] of quadriceps and hamstrings, H/Q ratios) was calculated for the dominant leg and the non-dominant leg at angular velocity of 1.05 rad ·s–1, whereas to assess isokinetic muscle endurance, the total work [TW] at angular velocity of 4.19 rad ·s–1, was taken into consideration. The results showed that isokinetic strength performance varies significantly among players in different playing positions. The analysis of PT for quadriceps (PT-Q) and hamstrings (PT-H) generally showed that the goalkeepers and central midfielders had lower strength levels compared to other playing positions. In the case of PT-H and hamstring/quadricep (H/Q) peak torque ratios, statistically significant differences were also noted for the legs, where mean values noted for the dominant leg were higher than for the non-dominant leg. For TW for quadriceps (TW-Q) and hamstrings (TW-H), statistically significant differences were noted only between playing positions. TW-Q values for goalkeepers were lower than for central defenders and external midfielders. TW-H values for goalkeepers were lower than for central midfielders, central defenders and external midfielders. This study showed that specific functional activity of players in individual positions on the field influences the varied profile of isokinetic strength performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Śliwowski
- Department of Team Sports Games of the University School of Physical Education in Poznań, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Monika Grygorowicz
- Rehasport Clinic FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Department of Physiotherapy, Poznań, Poland
| | - Radosław Hojszyk
- Rehasport Clinic FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Department of Physiotherapy, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Jadczak
- Department of Team Sports Games of the University School of Physical Education in Poznań, Poland
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287
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Roecker K, Mahler H, Heyde C, Röll M, Gollhofer A. The relationship between movement speed and duration during soccer matches. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181781. [PMID: 28742832 PMCID: PMC5526535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the time duration of movement (t(dur)) and related maximum possible power output has been studied and modeled under many conditions. Inspired by the so-called power profiles known for discontinuous endurance sports like cycling, and the critical power concept of Monod and Scherrer, the aim of this study was to evaluate the numerical characteristics of the function between maximum horizontal movement velocity (HSpeed) and t(dur) in soccer. To evaluate this relationship, GPS data from 38 healthy soccer players and 82 game participations (≥30 min active playtime) were used to select maximum HSpeed for 21 distinct t(dur) values (between 0.3 s and 2,700 s) based on moving medians with an incremental t(dur) window-size. As a result, the relationship between HSpeed and Log(t(dur)) appeared reproducibly as a sigmoidal decay function, and could be fitted to a five-parameter equation with upper and lower asymptotes, and an inflection point, power and decrease rate. Thus, the first three parameters described individual characteristics if evaluated using mixed-model analysis. This study shows for the first time the general numerical relationship between t(dur) and HSpeed in soccer games. In contrast to former descriptions that have evaluated speed against power, HSpeed against t(dur) always yields a sigmoidal shape with a new upper asymptote. The evaluated curve fit potentially describes the maximum moving speed of individual players during the game, and allows for concise interpretations of the functional state of team sports athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Roecker
- Furtwangen University, Applied Public Health (AGW), Furtwangen, Germany
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Institute of Sports and Sports Science (IfSS), Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Hubert Mahler
- Furtwangen University, Applied Public Health (AGW), Furtwangen, Germany
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Institute of Sports and Sports Science (IfSS), Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Christian Heyde
- Furtwangen University, Applied Public Health (AGW), Furtwangen, Germany
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Institute of Sports and Sports Science (IfSS), Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- adidas AG, Future Team, Herzogenaurach, Germany
| | - Mareike Röll
- Furtwangen University, Applied Public Health (AGW), Furtwangen, Germany
| | - Albert Gollhofer
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Institute of Sports and Sports Science (IfSS), Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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288
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Bravo-Sánchez A, Abián-Vicén J, Abián P. Analysis of the physical and technical differences between 7-a-side and 8-a-side game modalities in official under 12 soccer matches. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2017.1366760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Bravo-Sánchez
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Javier Abián-Vicén
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Pablo Abián
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Comillas Pontifical Univeristy, Madrid, Spain
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289
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Akenhead R, Marques JB, Paul DJ. Accelerometer load: a new way to measure fatigue during repeated sprint training? SCI MED FOOTBALL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2017.1330550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Akenhead
- The Football Association, St. George’s Park, Burton-Upon-Trent, UK
- Aspetar-Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, National Sports Medicine Programme, Excellence in Football Project, Doha, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joao B. Marques
- Aspetar-Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, National Sports Medicine Programme, Excellence in Football Project, Doha, Doha, Qatar
| | - Darren J. Paul
- The Football Association, St. George’s Park, Burton-Upon-Trent, UK
- Aspetar-Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, National Sports Medicine Programme, Excellence in Football Project, Doha, Doha, Qatar
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290
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Cullen BD, Roantree MT, McCarren AL, Kelly DT, O'Connor PL, Hughes SM, Daly PG, Moyna NM. Physiological Profile and Activity Pattern of Minor Gaelic Football Players. J Strength Cond Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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291
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Sweeting AJ, Cormack SJ, Morgan S, Aughey RJ. When Is a Sprint a Sprint? A Review of the Analysis of Team-Sport Athlete Activity Profile. Front Physiol 2017; 8:432. [PMID: 28676767 PMCID: PMC5476778 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The external load of a team-sport athlete can be measured by tracking technologies, including global positioning systems (GPS), local positioning systems (LPS), and vision-based systems. These technologies allow for the calculation of displacement, velocity and acceleration during a match or training session. The accurate quantification of these variables is critical so that meaningful changes in team-sport athlete external load can be detected. High-velocity running, including sprinting, may be important for specific team-sport match activities, including evading an opponent or creating a shot on goal. Maximal accelerations are energetically demanding and frequently occur from a low velocity during team-sport matches. Despite extensive research, conjecture exists regarding the thresholds by which to classify the high velocity and acceleration activity of a team-sport athlete. There is currently no consensus on the definition of a sprint or acceleration effort, even within a single sport. The aim of this narrative review was to examine the varying velocity and acceleration thresholds reported in athlete activity profiling. The purposes of this review were therefore to (1) identify the various thresholds used to classify high-velocity or -intensity running plus accelerations; (2) examine the impact of individualized thresholds on reported team-sport activity profile; (3) evaluate the use of thresholds for court-based team-sports and; (4) discuss potential areas for future research. The presentation of velocity thresholds as a single value, with equivocal qualitative descriptors, is confusing when data lies between two thresholds. In Australian football, sprint efforts have been defined as activity >4.00 or >4.17 m·s−1. Acceleration thresholds differ across the literature, with >1.11, 2.78, 3.00, and 4.00 m·s−2 utilized across a number of sports. It is difficult to compare literature on field-based sports due to inconsistencies in velocity and acceleration thresholds, even within a single sport. Velocity and acceleration thresholds have been determined from physical capacity tests. Limited research exists on the classification of velocity and acceleration data by female team-sport athletes. Alternatively, data mining techniques may be used to report team-sport athlete external load, without the requirement of arbitrary or physiologically defined thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J Sweeting
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria UniversityFootscray, VIC, Australia.,Netball AustraliaFitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Performance Research, Australian Institute of SportBruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Stuart J Cormack
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic UniversityFitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart Morgan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, La Trobe UniversityBundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert J Aughey
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria UniversityFootscray, VIC, Australia
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292
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Fox R, Patterson SD, Waldron M. The relationship between heart rate recovery and temporary fatigue of kinematic and energetic indices among soccer players. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2017.1329590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fox
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Marys University, Twickenham, UK
- Academy Sports Science and Medical Department, Stoke City Football Club, UK
| | | | - Mark Waldron
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Marys University, Twickenham, UK
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
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293
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Trewin J, Meylan C, Varley MC, Cronin J. The influence of situational and environmental factors on match-running in soccer: a systematic review. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2017.1329589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Trewin
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Women’s EXCEL Program Sport Science, Canadian Soccer Association, Ottawa, Canada
- Strength and Conditioning, Canadian Sport Institute - Pacific, Vancouver, Canada
| | - César Meylan
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Women’s EXCEL Program Sport Science, Canadian Soccer Association, Ottawa, Canada
- Strength and Conditioning, Canadian Sport Institute - Pacific, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Matthew C. Varley
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John Cronin
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
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294
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Djaoui L, Chamari K, Owen AL, Dellal A. Maximal Sprinting Speed of Elite Soccer Players During Training and Matches. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:1509-1517. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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295
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Born DP, Kunz P, Sperlich B. Reliability and validity of an agility-like incremental exercise test with multidirectional change-of-direction movements in response to a visual stimulus. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/9/e13275. [PMID: 28507165 PMCID: PMC5430126 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of cardiorespiratory and metabolic variables, that is, peak oxygen uptake (V'O2peak) and heart rate (HRpeak), obtained from an agility-like incremental exercise test for team sport athletes. To investigate the test-retest reliability, 25 team sport athletes (age: 22 ± 3 years, body mass: 75 ± 7 kg, height: 182 ± 6 cm) performed an agility-like incremental exercise test on the SpeedCourt (SC) system incorporating multidirectional change-of-direction (COD) movements twice. For each step of the incremental SC test, the athletes covered a 40-m distance interspersed with a 10-sec rest period. Each 40 m distance was split into short sprints (2.25-6.36 m) separated by multidirectional COD movements (0°-180°), which were performed in response to an external visual stimulus. All performance and physiological data were validated with variables obtained from a ramp-like treadmill and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 2 test (Yo-Yo IR2). The incremental SC test revealed high test-retest reliability for the time to exhaustion (ICC = 0.85, typical error [TE] = 0.44, and CV% = 3.88), V'O2peak, HRpeak, ventilation, and breathing frequency (ICC = 0.84, 0.72, 0.89, 0.77, respectively). The time to exhaustion (r = 0.50, 0.74) of the incremental SC test as well as the peak values for V'O2 (r = 0.59, 0.52), HR (r = 0.75, 0.78), ventilation (r = 0.57, 0.57), and breathing frequency (r = 0.68, 0.68) were significantly correlated (P ≤ 0.01) with the ramp-like treadmill test and the Yo-Yo IR2, respectively. The incremental SC test represents a reliable and valid method to assess peak values for V'O2 and HR with respect to the specific demand of team sport match play by incorporating multidirectional COD movements, decision making, and cognitive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis-Peter Born
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science, Institute of Sport Science, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Kunz
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science, Institute of Sport Science, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Billy Sperlich
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science, Institute of Sport Science, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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296
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Varley MC, Di Salvo V, Modonutti M, Gregson W, Mendez-Villanueva A. The influence of successive matches on match-running performance during an under-23 international soccer tournament: The necessity of individual analysis. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:585-591. [PMID: 28498791 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1325511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of successive matches on match-running in elite under-23 soccer players during an international tournament. Match-running data was collected using a semi-automated multi-camera tracking system during an international under-23 tournament from all participating outfield players. Players who played 100% of all group stage matches were included (3 matches separated by 72 h, n = 44). Differences in match-running performance between matches were identified using a generalised linear mixed model. There were no clear effects for total, walking, jogging, running, high-speed running and sprinting distance between matches 1 and 3 (effect size (ES); -0.32 to 0.05). Positional analysis found that sprint distance was largely maintained from matches 1 to 3 across all positions. Attackers had a moderate decrease in total, jogging and running distance between matches 1 and 3 (ES; -0.72 to -0.66). Classifying players as increasers or decreasers in match-running revealed that match-running changes are susceptible to individual differences. Sprint performance appears to be maintained over successive matches regardless of playing position. However, reductions in other match-running categories vary between positions. Changes in match-running over successive matches affect individuals differently; thus, players should be monitored on an individual basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Varley
- a Football Performance & Science Department , Aspire Academy , Doha , Qatar.,b Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living , Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Valter Di Salvo
- a Football Performance & Science Department , Aspire Academy , Doha , Qatar.,c Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences , University of Rome "Foro Italico" , Rome , Italy
| | - Mattia Modonutti
- a Football Performance & Science Department , Aspire Academy , Doha , Qatar.,c Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences , University of Rome "Foro Italico" , Rome , Italy
| | - Warren Gregson
- a Football Performance & Science Department , Aspire Academy , Doha , Qatar.,d Football Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
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297
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Marqués-Jiménez D, Calleja-González J, Arratibel I, Delextrat A, Terrados N. Fatigue and Recovery in Soccer: Evidence and Challenges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/1875399x01710010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Soccer presents physiological, metabolic, physical and psychological demands which can deteriorate players’ performance due to fatigue. The high variability in physiological, metabolic, physical and psychological responses also influences the magnitude of exercise-induced muscle damage, with symptoms negatively affecting neuromuscular function during recovery or subsequent training sessions or matches. Consequently, more precise and consistent knowledge is required in this area to optimize training and performance.
Objective:
Therefore, the purpose is to sum-up current evidence on fatigue and recovery in soccer players, to shed light on factors that can affect players’ performance, and to suggest applications for coaches and further research.
Method:
A comprehensive review of the scientific literature on the field was conducted.
Results:
Physical performance decrements during matches have traditionally been associated with physiological fatigue, but the magnitude of the symptoms in soccer players is unclear and depends on several factors. Moreover, the decline in physical performance during a soccer match is related to specific demands of each match. These could explain inter-individual variability in acute fatigue or training recovery processes when comparing players from the same team. Recovery counteracts the effects of fatigue, both peripheral and central, but there is a lack of consensus about the usefulness of tests used to monitor fatigue and recovery kinetics.
Conclusion:
Although fatigue and recovery in soccer has been extensively studied, there are still uncertainties about the underlying mechanisms because they are influenced by physiological and match-related demands.
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298
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Malone S, Solan B, Collins K. The Running Performance Profile of Elite Gaelic Football Match-Play. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:30-36. [PMID: 27191694 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Malone, S, Solan, B, and Collins, K. TITLE The running performance profile of elite Gaelic football match-play. J Strength Cond Res 31(1): 30-36, 2017-The current study examined (a) the match running performance of Gaelic football and (b) the decrement in match running performance with respect to position. Global positioning satellite system technologies (4-Hz; VX Sport) were used with 3 elite intercounty teams across 3 full seasons with 250 full game data sets collected. Game movements were classified according to game actions and distance covered across speed zone thresholds (total distance [TD], high-speed running distance [HSRD; ≥17 km·h], sprint distance [SD; ≥22 km·h]; accelerations [n]; peak speed [km·h]). The influence of running performance in each quarter on the subsequent quarter was analyzed across all positional roles. The mean (±SD) TD and HSRD covered during the game were 8,889 ± 1,448 m and 1,596 ± 594 m, respectively. Results show a temporal profile for TD with reductions in the second (-4.1%), third (-5.9%) and fourth (-3.8%) quarters, respectively. There was a significant reduction in HSRD in the second (-8.8%), third (-15.9%), and fourth (-19.8%) quarters when compared to the first quarter (p < 0.001). Positional differences were observed for distance-based measures with the middle 3 positions (half-back, midfield, and half-forward) completing the highest running performances. These positions also showed increased decrements in TD and HSRD and SD across quarters. The current data indicate a reduction in exercise intensity over the duration of elite Gaelic football match-play. It is unclear if this reduction is because of fatigue, pacing, contextual factors, or nutritional strategies employed by players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Malone
- 1Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom; and 2Department of Science, Gaelic Sports Research Centre, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
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299
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Chmura P, Konefał M, Andrzejewski M, Kosowski J, Rokita A, Chmura J. Physical activity profile of 2014 FIFA World Cup players, with regard to different ranges of air temperature and relative humidity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2017; 61:677-684. [PMID: 27618828 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-016-1245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study attempts to assess changes in soccer players' physical activity profiles under the simultaneous influence of the different combinations of ambient temperature and relative humidity characterising matches of the 2014 FIFA World Cup hosted by Brazil. The study material consisted of observations of 340 players representing 32 national teams taking part in the tournament. The measured indices included total distances covered; distances covered with low, moderate, or high intensity; numbers of sprints performed, and peak running speeds achieved. The analysis was carried out using FIFA official match data from the Castrol Performance Index system. Ultimately, consideration was given to a combination of three air temperature ranges, i.e. below 22 °C, 22-28 °C, and above 28 °C; and two relative humidity ranges below 60 % and above 60 %. The greatest average distance recorded (10.54 ± 0.91 km) covered by players at an air temperature below 22 °C and a relative humidity below 60 %, while the shortest (9.83 ± 1.08 km) characterised the same air temperature range, but conditions of relative humidity above 60 % (p ≤ 0.001). Two-way ANOVA revealed significant differences (p ≤ 0.001) in numbers of sprints performed by players, depending on whether the air temperature range was below 22 °C (40.48 ± 11.17) or above 28 °C (30.72 ± 9.40), but only where the relative humidity was at the same time below 60 %. Results presented indicate that the conditions most comfortable for physical activity on the part of players occur at 22 °C, and with relative humidity under 60 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Chmura
- University School of Physical Education, I.J. Paderewskiego 35, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marek Konefał
- University School of Physical Education, I.J. Paderewskiego 35, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Andrzejewski
- University School of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jakub Kosowski
- Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Andrzej Rokita
- University School of Physical Education, I.J. Paderewskiego 35, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Chmura
- University School of Physical Education, I.J. Paderewskiego 35, Wrocław, Poland
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300
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Nyakayiru J, Jonvik KL, Trommelen J, Pinckaers PJM, Senden JM, van Loon LJC, Verdijk LB. Beetroot Juice Supplementation Improves High-Intensity Intermittent Type Exercise Performance in Trained Soccer Players. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030314. [PMID: 28327503 PMCID: PMC5372977 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that nitrate supplementation can enhance endurance exercise performance. Recent work suggests that nitrate ingestion can also increase intermittent type exercise performance in recreational athletes. We hypothesized that six days of nitrate supplementation can improve high-intensity intermittent type exercise performance in trained soccer players. Thirty-two male soccer players (age: 23 ± 1 years, height: 181 ± 1 m, weight: 77 ± 1 kg, playing experience: 15.2 ± 0.5 years, playing in the first team of a 2nd or 3rd Dutch amateur league club) participated in this randomized, double-blind cross-over study. All subjects participated in two test days in which high-intensity intermittent running performance was assessed using the Yo-Yo IR1 test. Subjects ingested nitrate-rich (140 mL; ~800 mg nitrate/day; BR) or a nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (PLA) for six subsequent days, with at least eight days of wash-out between trials. The distance covered during the Yo-Yo IR1 was the primary outcome measure, while heart rate (HR) was measured continuously throughout the test, and a single blood and saliva sample were collected just prior to the test. Six days of BR ingestion increased plasma and salivary nitrate and nitrite concentrations in comparison to PLA (p < 0.001), and enhanced Yo-Yo IR1 test performance by 3.4 ± 1.3% (from 1574 ± 47 to 1623 ± 48 m; p = 0.027). Mean HR was lower in the BR (172 ± 2) vs. PLA trial (175 ± 2; p = 0.014). Six days of BR ingestion effectively improves high-intensity intermittent type exercise performance in trained soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Nyakayiru
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Kristin L Jonvik
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Studies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 6960, NL 6503 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jorn Trommelen
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Philippe J M Pinckaers
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Joan M Senden
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Studies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 6960, NL 6503 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Lex B Verdijk
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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