251
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Yu W, Jiang LH, Zheng Y, Hu X, Luo J, Yang W. Inactivation of TRPM2 channels by extracellular divalent copper. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112071. [PMID: 25386648 PMCID: PMC4227687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cu2+ is an essential metal ion that plays a critical role in the regulation of a number of ion channels and receptors in addition to acting as a cofactor in a variety of enzymes. Here, we showed that human melastatin transient receptor potential 2 (hTRPM2) channel is sensitive to inhibition by extracellular Cu2+. Cu2+ at concentrations as low as 3 µM inhibited the hTRPM2 channel completely and irreversibly upon washing or using Cu2+ chelators, suggesting channel inactivation. The Cu2+-induced inactivation was similar when the channels conducted inward or outward currents, indicating the permeating ions had little effect on Cu2+-induced inactivation. Furthermore, Cu2+ had no effect on singe channel conductance. Alanine substitution by site-directed mutagenesis of His995 in the pore-forming region strongly attenuated Cu2+-induced channel inactivation, and mutation of several other pore residues to alanine altered the kinetics of channel inactivation by Cu2+. In addition, while introduction of the P1018L mutation is known to result in channel inactivation, exposure to Cu2+ accelerated the inactivation of this mutant channel. In contrast with the hTRPM2, the mouse TRPM2 (mTRPM2) channel, which contains glutamine at the position equivalent to His995, was insensitive to Cu2+. Replacement of His995 with glutamine in the hTRPM2 conferred loss of Cu2+-induced channel inactivation. Taken together, these results suggest that Cu2+ inactivates the hTRPM2 channel by interacting with the outer pore region. Our results also indicate that the amino acid residue difference in this region gives rise to species-dependent effect by Cu2+ on the human and mouse TRPM2 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xupang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianhong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- * E-mail: (JHL); (WY)
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- * E-mail: (JHL); (WY)
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252
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Pal A, Prasad R. An overview of various mammalian models to study chronic copper intoxication associated Alzheimer’s disease like pathology. Biometals 2014; 28:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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253
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The possible mechanism of Parkinson's disease progressive damage and the preventive effect of GM1 in the rat model induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. Brain Res 2014; 1592:73-81. [PMID: 25285892 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The progressive pathogenesis and prevention of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown at present. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the possible progressive pathogenesis and prevention of PD. Our study investigated the content of glutamate, mitochondria calcium, calmodulin, malonaldehyde and trace elements in striatum, cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissues; and the expression of bcl-2, bax and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in substantia nigra and striatum; and the change of apomorphine induced rotation behavior; and the treatmental effect of monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) intraperitoneal administration for 14 days in a PD rat model induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. The results revealed that the content of glutamate significantly decreased, and that of mitochondria calcium, calmodulin, malonaldehyde and ferrum significantly increased in striatum, cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissues; the content of magnesium significantly decreased, and that of cuprum and zinc significantly increased in cerebral cortex; the expression of bcl-2 significantly decreased, and that of bax and nNOS significantly increased in substantia nigra and striatum in PD rat. GM1 can partially improve the apomorphine induced rotation behavior and changes of glutamate, mitochondria calcium, calmodulin content in striatum of PD rat. Data suggested that dysfunction of excitatory amino acids neurotransmitter, calcium homeostasis disorder, abnormal metabolism of oxygen free radicals, abnormal trace elements distribution and/or deposition and excessive apoptosis participated in the progressive process of PD, and that GM1 could partially prevent the progressive damage.
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254
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Jazvinšćak Jembrek M, Vlainić J, Radovanović V, Erhardt J, Oršolić N. Effects of copper overload in P19 neurons: impairment of glutathione redox homeostasis and crosstalk between caspase and calpain protease systems in ROS-induced apoptosis. Biometals 2014; 27:1303-22. [PMID: 25216733 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Copper, a transition metal with essential biological functions, exerts neurotoxic effects when present in excess. The aim of the present study was to better elucidate cellular and molecular mechanisms of CuSO4 toxicity in differentiated P19 neurons. Exposure to 0.5 mM CuSO4 for 24 h provoked moderate decrease in viability, accompanied with barely increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase-3/7 activity. Glutathione (GSH) and ATP contents were depleted, lactate dehydrogenase inactivated, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase overexpressed. In severely damaged neurons exposed to only two times higher concentration, classical caspase-dependent apoptosis was triggered as evidenced by marked caspase-3/7 activation and chromatin condensation. Multifold increase in ROS, together with very pronounced ATP and GSH loss, strongly suggests impairment of redox homeostasis. At higher copper concentration protease calpains were also activated, and neuronal injury was prevented in the presence of calpain inhibitor leupeptin through the mechanism that affects caspase activation. MK-801 and nifedipine, inhibitors of calcium entry, and H-89 and UO126, inhibitors of PKA and ERK signaling respectively, exacerbated neuronal death only in severely damaged neurons, while ROS-scavenger quercetin and calcium chelator BAPTA attenuated toxicity only at lower concentration. In a dose-dependent manner copper also provoked transcriptional changes of genes involved in intracellular signaling and induction of apoptosis (p53, c-fos, Bcl-2 and Bax). The obtained results emphasize differences in triggered neuronal-death processes in a very narrow range of concentrations and give further insight into the molecular mechanisms of copper toxicity with the potential to improve current therapeutic approaches in curing copper-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropharmacology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia,
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255
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Mittal SO, Machado DG. Hypocupremia: a possible association with late cortical cerebellar atrophy. TREMOR AND OTHER HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENTS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 4:202. [PMID: 25247109 PMCID: PMC4166672 DOI: 10.7916/d8g44nhv] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report a patient, diagnosed with late cortical cerebellar atrophy, who had persistent low serum copper levels. CASE REPORT A 48-year-old male developed progressive difficulty with balance, frequent falls, and dysarthric speech, which worsened over a short time span. He had an extensive ataxia work-up, which was unremarkable except for persistent low serum copper levels despite adequate supplementation. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed marked cerebellar atrophy. The patient experienced progressive worsening of symptoms, which did not improve with either oral or parenteral copper supplementation. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, ours is the first case report of late cortical cerebellar atrophy in the setting of low serum copper levels. The current report should trigger further research in mechanisms leading to copper deficiency and its possible role in cerebellar disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Om Mittal
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Duarte G Machado
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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256
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Greenfield R, Akala N, van der Bank FH. Heavy metal concentrations in two populations of Mopane worms (Imbrasia belina) in the Kruger National Park pose a potential human health risk. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 93:316-321. [PMID: 24974173 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Metal concentrations in Mopane worms from Phalaborwa and Shangoni sites in the Kruger National Park were determined. Metal concentrations were evaluated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and ICP-MS spectrometry after microwave digestion. The results indicate a substantial bioaccumulation of metals in Mopane worms. In Phalaborwa Cd concentrations were 15 times and Cu two times higher than the EU and UK recommended legal limits for human consumption, Zn levels were tolerable. Likewise, Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations at the Shangoni site were 26, 2.5 and 0.4 times over the EU and UK approved limits. Manganese concentrations were 20 and 67 times higher than FDA standards respectively. During the study the condition factor of the worms was determined. No significant difference between the condition factors indicated the worms at both sites are in similar condition. Potential sources of metals in the worms are either from the food they eat or pollution settling on the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Greenfield
- African Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa,
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257
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Pal A, Jayamani J, Prasad R. An urgent need to reassess the safe levels of copper in the drinking water: Lessons from studies on healthy animals harboring no genetic deficits. Neurotoxicology 2014; 44:58-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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258
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Correale J, Chiquete E, Milojevic S, Frider N, Bajusz I. Assessing the potential impact of non-proprietary drug copies on quality of medicine and treatment in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: the experience with fingolimod. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:859-67. [PMID: 25028537 PMCID: PMC4077387 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s66398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Fingolimod is a once-daily oral treatment for relapsing multiple sclerosis, the proprietary production processes of which are tightly controlled, owing to its susceptibility to contamination by impurities, including genotoxic impurities. Many markets produce nonproprietary medicines; assessing their efficacy and safety is difficult as regulators may approve nonproprietary drugs without bioequivalence data, genotoxic evaluation, or risk management plans (RMPs). This assessment is especially important for fingolimod given its solubility/bioavailability profile, genotoxicity risk, and low-dose final product (0.5 mg). This paper presents an evaluation of the quality of proprietary and nonproprietary fingolimod variants. Methods Proprietary fingolimod was used as a reference substance against which eleven nonproprietary fingolimod copies were assessed. The microparticle size distribution of each compound was assessed by laser light diffraction, and inorganic impurity content by sulfated ash testing. Heavy metals content was quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and levels of unspecified impurities by high-performance liquid chromatography. Solubility was assessed in a range of solvents at different pH values. Key information from the fingolimod RMP is also presented. Results Nonproprietary fingolimod variants exhibited properties out of proprietary or internationally accepted specifications, including differences in particle size distribution and levels of impurities such as heavy metals. For microparticle size and heavy metals, all tested fingolimod copies were out-of-specification by several-fold magnitudes. Proprietary fingolimod has a well-defined RMP, highlighting known and potential mid- to long-term safety risks, and risk-minimization and pharmacovigilance procedures. Conclusion Nonproprietary fingolimod copies produced by processes less well controlled than or altered from proprietary production processes may reduce product reproducibility and quality, potentially presenting risks to patients. Safety data and risk-minimization strategies for proprietary fingolimod may not apply to the nonproprietary fingolimod copies evaluated here. Market authorization of nonproprietary fingolimod copies should require an appropriate RMP to minimize risks to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Correale
- Raúl Carrea Institute for Neurological Research, Foundation for the Fight against Infant Neurological Illnesses, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erwin Chiquete
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Salvador Zubirán National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico
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259
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Asthana A, Bollapalli M, Tangirala R, Bakthisaran R, Mohan Rao C. Hsp27 suppresses the Cu(2+)-induced amyloidogenicity, redox activity, and cytotoxicity of α-synuclein by metal ion stripping. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 72:176-90. [PMID: 24746619 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant copper homeostasis and oxidative stress have critical roles in several neurodegenerative diseases. Expression of heat-shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is elevated under oxidative stress as well as upon treatment with Cu(2+), and elevated levels of Hsp27 are found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. We demonstrate, using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy as well as isothermal titration calorimetry studies, that Hsp27 binds Cu(2+) with high affinity (Kd ~10(-11) M). Treating IMR-32 human neuroblastoma cells with Cu(2+) leads to upregulation of endogenous Hsp27. Further, overexpression of Hsp27 in IMR-32 human neuroblastoma cells confers cytoprotection against Cu(2+)-induced cell death. Hsp27 prevents the deleterious interaction of Cu(2+) with α-synuclein, the protein involved in Parkinson disease and synucleinopathies. Hsp27 attenuates Cu(2+)- or Cu(2+)-α-synuclein-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species and confers cytoprotection on IMR-32 cells as well as on mouse primary neural precursor cells. Hsp27 prevents Cu(2+)-ascorbate or Cu(2+)-α-synuclein-ascorbate treatment-induced increase in mitochondrial superoxide level and mitochondrial disorganization in IMR-32 cells. Hsp27 dislodges the α-synuclein-bound Cu(2+) and prevents the Cu(2+)-mediated amyloidogenesis of α-synuclein. Our findings that Hsp27 binds Cu(2+) with high affinity leading to beneficial effects and that Hsp27 can dislodge Cu(2+) from α-synuclein, preventing amyloid fibril formation, indicate potential therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases involving aberrant Cu(2+) homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Asthana
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Madhuri Bollapalli
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | | - Raman Bakthisaran
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | - Ch Mohan Rao
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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260
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Cabrera MC, Saadoun A. An overview of the nutritional value of beef and lamb meat from South America. Meat Sci 2014; 98:435-44. [PMID: 25042240 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The southern region of South America, a subtropical and temperate zone, is an important region for the production of beef and lamb meat, which is mainly produced in extensive pasture-based systems. Because of its content in highly valuable nutrients such as iron, zinc, selenium, fatty acids, and vitamins, meat is a unique and necessary food for the human diet in order to secure a long and healthy life, without nutritional deficiencies. Beef and lamb production systems based on temperate or tropical grasslands show interesting and, in some cases, a differential content in minerals, fatty acids and vitamins. This review deals with the distinctive aspects of the nutritional quality of beef and lamb meat produced in this region in terms of nutritional composition and the bioavailability of key nutrients related to its contribution for a healthy diet for all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Cabrera
- Depto. Producción Animal & Pasturas, Laboratorio Nutrición & Calidad de Alimentos, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 809, Montevideo, Uruguay; Fisiología & Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Calle Igúa 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - A Saadoun
- Fisiología & Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Calle Igúa 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay
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261
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Zhang S, Liu H, Amarsingh GV, Cheung CCH, Hogl S, Narayanan U, Zhang L, McHarg S, Xu J, Gong D, Kennedy J, Barry B, Choong YS, Phillips ARJ, Cooper GJS. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is associated with defective myocellular copper regulation and both defects are rectified by divalent copper chelation. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:100. [PMID: 24927960 PMCID: PMC4070334 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart disease is the leading cause of death in diabetic patients, and defective copper metabolism may play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). The present study sought to determine how myocardial copper status and key copper-proteins might become impaired by diabetes, and how they respond to treatment with the Cu (II)-selective chelator triethylenetetramine (TETA) in DCM. METHODS Experiments were performed in Wistar rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes with or without TETA treatment. Cardiac function was analyzed in isolated-perfused working hearts, and myocardial total copper content measured by particle-induced x-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE) coupled with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). Quantitative expression (mRNA and protein) and/or activity of key proteins that mediate LV-tissue-copper binding and transport, were analyzed by combined RT-qPCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence microscopy, and enzyme activity assays. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-tests or ANOVA and p-values of < 0.05 have been considered significant. RESULTS Left-ventricular (LV) copper levels and function were severely depressed in rats following 16-weeks' diabetes, but both were unexpectedly normalized 8-weeks after treatment with TETA was instituted. Localized myocardial copper deficiency was accompanied by decreased expression and increased polymerization of the copper-responsive transition-metal-binding metallothionein proteins (MT1/MT2), consistent with impaired anti-oxidant defences and elevated susceptibility to pro-oxidant stress. Levels of the high-affinity copper transporter-1 (CTR1) were depressed in diabetes, consistent with impaired membrane copper uptake, and were not modified by TETA which, contrastingly, renormalized myocardial copper and increased levels and cell-membrane localization of the low-affinity copper transporter-2 (CTR2). Diabetes also lowered indexes of intracellular (IC) copper delivery via the copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS) to its target cuproenzyme, superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1): this pathway was rectified by TETA treatment, which normalized SOD1 activity with consequent bolstering of anti-oxidant defenses. Furthermore, diabetes depressed levels of additional intracellular copper-transporting proteins, including antioxidant-protein-1 (ATOX1) and copper-transporting-ATPase-2 (ATP7B), whereas TETA elevated copper-transporting-ATPase-1 (ATP7A). CONCLUSIONS Myocardial copper deficiency and defective cellular copper transport/trafficking are revealed as key molecular defects underlying LV impairment in diabetes, and TETA-mediated restoration of copper regulation provides a potential new class of therapeutic molecules for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoping Zhang
- The School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hong Liu
- The School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Greeshma V Amarsingh
- The School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carlos C H Cheung
- The School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sebastian Hogl
- The School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Umayal Narayanan
- The School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lin Zhang
- The School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Selina McHarg
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and the Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Jingshu Xu
- The School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Deming Gong
- The School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Kennedy
- National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, Gracefield, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bernard Barry
- National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, Gracefield, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Yee Soon Choong
- The School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anthony R J Phillips
- The School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Garth J S Cooper
- The School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and the Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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262
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Bilgiçli N. Effect of pseudocereal flours on some chemical properties and phytic acid content of noodle. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2014. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2013.0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Bilgiçli
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Food Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42050 Konya, Turkey
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263
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Attandoh NW, Ojwach SO, Munro OQ. (Benzimidazolylmethyl)amine ZnIIand CuIICarboxylate Complexes: Structural, Mechanistic and Kinetic Studies of Polymerisation Reactions of ϵ-Caprolactone. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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264
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Elevated copper ion levels as potential cause of impaired kinesin-dependent transport processes. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:565-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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265
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Fehse S, Nowag S, Quadir M, Kim KS, Haag R, Multhaup G. Copper Transport Mediated by Nanocarrier Systems in a Blood–Brain Barrier In Vitro Model. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1910-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500400k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Fehse
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade
Sir-William-Osler, McIntyre Building, Room 1325, Montreal, QC Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Sabrina Nowag
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kwang Sik Kim
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine,
Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 200 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Rainer Haag
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Multhaup
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade
Sir-William-Osler, McIntyre Building, Room 1325, Montreal, QC Canada H3G 1Y6
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266
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Wise O, Coskuner O. New force field parameters for metalloproteins I: Divalent copper ion centers including three histidine residues and an oxygen-ligated amino acid residue. J Comput Chem 2014; 35:1278-89. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Wise
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle; San Antonio Texas 78249
- Neurosciences Institute; The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle; San Antonio Texas 78249
| | - Orkid Coskuner
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle; San Antonio Texas 78249
- Neurosciences Institute; The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle; San Antonio Texas 78249
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267
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Schlecht U, Suresh S, Xu W, Aparicio AM, Chu A, Proctor MJ, Davis RW, Scharfe C, St Onge RP. A functional screen for copper homeostasis genes identifies a pharmacologically tractable cellular system. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:263. [PMID: 24708151 PMCID: PMC4023593 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper is essential for the survival of aerobic organisms. If copper is not properly regulated in the body however, it can be extremely cytotoxic and genetic mutations that compromise copper homeostasis result in severe clinical phenotypes. Understanding how cells maintain optimal copper levels is therefore highly relevant to human health. RESULTS We found that addition of copper (Cu) to culture medium leads to increased respiratory growth of yeast, a phenotype which we then systematically and quantitatively measured in 5050 homozygous diploid deletion strains. Cu's positive effect on respiratory growth was quantitatively reduced in deletion strains representing 73 different genes, the function of which identify increased iron uptake as a cause of the increase in growth rate. Conversely, these effects were enhanced in strains representing 93 genes. Many of these strains exhibited respiratory defects that were specifically rescued by supplementing the growth medium with Cu. Among the genes identified are known and direct regulators of copper homeostasis, genes required to maintain low vacuolar pH, and genes where evidence supporting a functional link with Cu has been heretofore lacking. Roughly half of the genes are conserved in man, and several of these are associated with Mendelian disorders, including the Cu-imbalance syndromes Menkes and Wilson's disease. We additionally demonstrate that pharmacological agents, including the approved drug disulfiram, can rescue Cu-deficiencies of both environmental and genetic origin. CONCLUSIONS A functional screen in yeast has expanded the list of genes required for Cu-dependent fitness, revealing a complex cellular system with implications for human health. Respiratory fitness defects arising from perturbations in this system can be corrected with pharmacological agents that increase intracellular copper concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert P St Onge
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, 855 S California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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268
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Hueting R. Radiocopper for the imaging of copper metabolism. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:231-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Hueting
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering; King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital; London UK
- Chemistry Research Laboratory; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
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269
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Pal A, Kumar A, Prasad R. Predictive association of copper metabolism proteins with Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease: a preliminary perspective. Biometals 2014; 27:25-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-013-9702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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270
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Pal A, Prasad R. Recent discoveries on the functions of astrocytes in the copper homeostasis of the brain: a brief update. Neurotox Res 2014; 26:78-84. [PMID: 24385258 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-013-9453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, there has been widespread acknowledgment of the pivotal role played by astrocytes in diverse aspects of central nervous system functioning. Astrocytes are crucial for the homeostasis of the copper in the central nervous system as evident by its proficiency in acquisition, trafficking, and export of copper. Moreover, the imbalance in copper homeostasis and impairment in astrocyte functioning are increasingly being recognized as an important contributing factor in the development of neurodegeneration and cognitive waning. In this review, we discuss the most recent advances in the field of copper homeostasis in astrocytes along with briefly outlining the copper dyshomeostasis associated hepatocerebral and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, P.G.I.M.E.R, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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271
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Benkhellat Z, Allali M, Beley M, Wenger E, Bernard M, Parizel N, Selmeczi K, Joly JP. Click synthesis of symmetric bis-triazol ligands and full characterisation of their copper(ii)-complexes. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00570d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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272
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Pal A. Copper toxicity induced hepatocerebral and neurodegenerative diseases: an urgent need for prognostic biomarkers. Neurotoxicology 2013; 40:97-101. [PMID: 24342654 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) has been the subject of intensive research over several decades as numerous evidence robustly support the involvement of excess Cu induced neurotoxicity in hepatocerebral (Wilson's disease) and neurodegenerative disorders (especially Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease); notwithstanding, the ideal Cu neurotoxicity biomarker/s for early prognosis remains elusive. Non-ceruloplasmin bound Cu is a biological marker of Wilson's disease and recent studies have shown that its levels are also increased in Alzheimer's disease. Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase seems to be the other most promising biomarker of Cu toxicity (subject to its validation). Serum/plasma Cu, urine Cu and ceruloplasmin concentrations, most widely used laboratory indicators to diagnose Wilson's disease, are not specific for Cu excess milieu as these are also influenced by age, sex, inflammation and hormonal status. High inter-individual variability, nonexistence of standardized assays and non-specificity limit the use of other cuproenzymes as biomarkers of Cu neurotoxicity. The majority of Cu neurotoxicity biomarker research has focused in plasma/serum where other factors including inflammation, oxidative stress, dietary and environmental factors influence the Cu condition being studied. Proteomics study of cerebrospinal fluid, due to its high specificity and sensitivity represents an alternative approach to study early peripheral Cu neurotoxicity biomarker/s in experimental animals. In addition, network biology, transcriptomics in conjunction with novel in vivo Cu imaging techniques allow us to explore other potential candidates and propose new targets to be studied for chronic Cu neurotoxicity biomarker/s, and for possible therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
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273
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Jahanshad N, Rajagopalan P, Thompson PM. Neuroimaging, nutrition, and iron-related genes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4449-61. [PMID: 23817740 PMCID: PMC3827893 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1369-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several dietary factors and their genetic modifiers play a role in neurological disease and affect the human brain. The structural and functional integrity of the living brain can be assessed using neuroimaging, enabling large-scale epidemiological studies to identify factors that help or harm the brain. Iron is one nutritional factor that comes entirely from our diet, and its storage and transport in the body are under strong genetic control. In this review, we discuss how neuroimaging can help to identify associations between brain integrity, genetic variations, and dietary factors such as iron. We also review iron's essential role in cognition, and we note some challenges and confounds involved in interpreting links between diet and brain health. Finally, we outline some recent discoveries regarding the genetics of iron and its effects on the brain, suggesting the promise of neuroimaging in revealing how dietary factors affect the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Building 225E, 635 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769 USA
| | - Priya Rajagopalan
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Building 225E, 635 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769 USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Building 225E, 635 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769 USA
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274
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Bobkova NV, Medvinskaya NI, Kamynina AV, Aleksandrova IY, Nesterova IV, Samokhin AN, Koroev DO, Filatova MP, Nekrasov PV, Abramov AY, Leonov SV, Volpina OM. Immunization with either prion protein fragment 95-123 or the fragment-specific antibodies rescue memory loss and neurodegenerative phenotype of neurons in olfactory bulbectomized mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2013; 107:50-64. [PMID: 24239620 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies demonstrated association between head injury (HI) and the subsequent development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Certain hallmarks of AD, e.g. amyloid-β (Aβ) containing deposits, may be found in patients following traumatic BI (TBI). Recent studies uncover the cellular prion protein, PrP(C), as a receptor for soluble polymeric forms of Aβ (sAβ) which are an intermediate of such deposits. We aimed to test the hypothesis that targeting of PrP(C) can prevent Aβ related spatial memory deficits in olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mice utilized here to resemble some clinical features of AD, such as increased level of Aβ, memory loss and deficit of the CNS cholin- and serotonin-ergic systems. We demonstrated that immunization with the a.a. 95-123 fragment of cellular prion (PrP-I) recovered cortical and hippocampus neurons from OBX induced degeneration, rescued spatial memory loss in Morris water maze test and significantly decrease the Aβ level in brain tissue of these animals. Affinity purified anti-PrP-I antibodies rescued pre-synaptic biomarker synaptophysin eliciting similar effect on memory of OBX mice, and protected hippocampal neurones from Aβ25-35-induced toxicity in vitro. Immunization OBX mice with a.a. 200-213 fragment of cellular prion (PrP-II) did not reach a significance in memory protection albeit having similar to PrP-I immunization impact on Aβ level in brain tissue. The observed positive effect of targeting the PrP-I by either active or passive immunization on memory of OBX mice revealed the involvement of the PrP(C) in AD-like pathology induced by olfactory bulbectomy. This OBX model may be a useful tool for mechanistic and preclinical therapeutic investigations into the association between PrP(C) and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Bobkova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Institutskaya, 3. Pushchino, Russia.
| | - N I Medvinskaya
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Institutskaya, 3. Pushchino, Russia.
| | - A V Kamynina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - I Y Aleksandrova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Institutskaya, 3. Pushchino, Russia.
| | - I V Nesterova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Institutskaya, 3. Pushchino, Russia.
| | - A N Samokhin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Institutskaya, 3. Pushchino, Russia.
| | - D O Koroev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - M P Filatova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - P V Nekrasov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Institutskaya, 3. Pushchino, Russia.
| | - A Y Abramov
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK.
| | - S V Leonov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Institutskaya, 3. Pushchino, Russia; Department of Biology, Chemical Diversity Research Institute (CDRI), Rabochaya St., 2-A, 141400 Khimki, Moscow Region, Russia; BioBusiness Incubator, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky pereulok, 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia.
| | - O M Volpina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
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275
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Waqar M, Vohra AH. Hepatocellular carcinoma in a young man with resting and postural tremors. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-201198. [PMID: 24081601 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-201198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 25-year-old man who was normally fit and well, presented with a 2-year history of progressively worsening tremor. His tremor was generalised, affecting head, neck and all four limbs. One of the patient's brothers had suffered from similar problems, but never sought medical attention. Examination revealed a generalised tremor, of greater amplitude on the patient's left side, which increased in its amplitude upon exertion. Slit-lamp examination revealed bilateral Kayser-Fleischer rings and serum caeruloplasmin was found to be low, while 24 h urinary copper excretion was elevated. A diagnosis of Wilson's disease was made and an abdominal ultrasound was performed, revealing evidence of portal hypertension and a hyperechoic hepatic nodule, later confirmed to be hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient underwent partial hepatic resection and was started on D-penicillamine.
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276
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Pal A, Vasishta RK, Prasad R. Hepatic and hippocampus iron status is not altered in response to increased serum ceruloplasmin and serum "free" copper in Wistar rat model for non-Wilsonian brain copper toxicosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 154:403-11. [PMID: 23872735 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Copper and iron dyshomeostasis has been implicated directly or indirectly in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Previously, we have shown the first in vivo evidence of significant increase in the hippocampus copper and zinc content with spatial memory impairments, astrocytes swelling (Alzheimer type-II cells) coupled with increase in the number of astrocytes, copper deposition in the choroid plexus, and degenerated neurons in copper-intoxicated Wistar rats. In continuation with our previous study, the aim of this study was to further investigate the effects of intraperitoneally injected copper lactate (0.15 mg Cu/100 g body weight) daily for 90 days on serum "free" copper levels, iron levels in the liver, and hippocampus by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and histopathological study of the liver and brain tissues of Wistar rats using Perls' Prussian blue (PPB) stain. A massive significant increase in serum "free" copper (79.48% increase) along with strong correlation (r = 0.978) was found between serum copper and serum "free" copper in copper-intoxicated rats. No significant difference was detected in hepatic and hippocampus iron levels between control and copper-intoxicated rats. PPB stain demonstrated very few scattered grade 1 haemosiderin deposits within sinusoidal cells predominantly Kupffer cells; however, brain sections were negatively stained with PPB stain. In conclusion, the current study demonstrates that chronic copper toxicity causes increase in serum "free" copper, which may serve as predisposing factor for the development of neurodegeneration and memory deficits, and grade 1 haemosiderin deposition in Kupffer cells without altering hepatic and hippocampus iron levels in male Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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277
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Cakic M, Mitic Z, Nikolic G, Savic I, Savic IM. Design and optimization of drugs used to treat copper deficiency. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:1253-63. [PMID: 23919882 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.825245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Copper is an essential element in the human organism. Furthermore, copper deficiency is rare; however, the hematologic manifestations associated with copper deficiency, such as anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, myeloneuropathy and osteoporosis, are well known. AREAS COVERED The authors present an overview of the various commercially available drugs used in the treatment of copper deficiency. Furthermore, the authors offer a description of copper complexes, as potential pharmaceutically active compounds, that can be used in the design of new formulations with therapeutic potential. EXPERT OPINION Progress in the synthesis of new metallo-organic complexes (such as the copper-pullulan complex) and the chelated form of copper have provided new avenues for drug design that combat copper deficiency. The copper-pullulan complex, as an active compound, has been designed in its solid dosage form, and its optimization in the treatment of copper deficiency has been furthered through advancements in experimental design methodology. The authors believe that the numerous ongoing studies, evaluating the synthesis of these complexes, should produce new additions to the copper deficiency therapeutic armamentarium in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milorad Cakic
- University of Nis, Faculty of Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics , Bulevar oslobodjenja 124, 16000 Leskovac , Serbia +381 16 242859 ; +381 16 242859 ;
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278
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Sousa SF, Pinto GRP, Ribeiro AJM, Coimbra JTS, Fernandes PA, Ramos MJ. Comparative analysis of the performance of commonly available density functionals in the determination of geometrical parameters for copper complexes. J Comput Chem 2013; 34:2079-90. [PMID: 23798313 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a set of 50 transition-metal complexes of Cu(I) and Cu(II), were used in the evaluation of 18 density functionals in geometry determination. In addition, 14 different basis sets were considered, including four commonly used Pople's all-electron basis sets; four basis sets including popular types of effective-core potentials: Los Alamos, Steven-Basch-Krauss, and Stuttgart-Dresden; and six triple-ζ basis sets. The results illustrate the performance of different methodological alternatives for the treatment of geometrical properties in relevant copper complexes, pointing out Double-Hybrid (DH) and Long-range Correction (LC) Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) methods as better descriptors of the geometry of the evaluated systems. These however, are associated with a computational cost several times higher than some of the other methods employed, such as the M06 functional, which has also demonstrated a comparable performance. Regarding the basis sets, 6-31+G(d) and 6-31+G(d,p) were the best performing approaches. In addition, the results show that the use of effective-core potentials has a limited impact, in terms of the accuracy in the determination of metal-ligand bond-lengths and angles in our dataset of copper complexes. Hence, these could become a good alternative for the geometrical description of these systems, particularly CEP-121G and SDD basis sets, if one is considering larger copper complexes where the computational cost could be an issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio F Sousa
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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279
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Li C, Xu WC, Xie ZS, Pan K, Hu J, Chen J, Pang DW, Yang FQ, Liang Y. Cupric ions induce the oxidation and trigger the aggregation of human superoxide dismutase 1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65287. [PMID: 23755211 PMCID: PMC3670862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), partly caused by the mutations and aggregation of human copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), is a fatal degenerative disease of motor neurons. Because SOD1 is a major copper-binding protein present at relatively high concentration in motor neurons and copper can be a harmful pro-oxidant, we want to know whether aberrant copper biochemistry could underlie ALS pathogenesis. In this study, we have investigated and compared the effects of cupric ions on the aggregation of ALS-associated SOD1 mutant A4V and oxidized wild-type SOD1. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS As revealed by 90° light scattering, dynamic light scattering, SDS-PAGE, and atomic force microscopy, free cupric ions in solution not only induce the oxidation of either apo A4V or Zn2-A4V and trigger the oligomerization and aggregation of oxidized A4V under copper-mediated oxidative conditions, but also trigger the aggregation of non-oxidized form of such a pathogenic mutant. As evidenced by mass spectrometry and SDS-PAGE, Cys-111 is a primary target for oxidative modification of pathological human SOD1 mutant A4V by either excess Cu(2+) or hydrogen peroxide. The results from isothermal titration calorimetry show that A4V possesses two sets of independent binding sites for Cu(2+): a moderate-affinity site (10(6) M(-1)) and a high-affinity site (10(8) M(-1)). Furthermore, Cu(2+) binds to wild-type SOD1 oxidized by hydrogen peroxide in a way similar to A4V, triggering the aggregation of such an oxidized form. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrate that excess cupric ions induce the oxidation and trigger the aggregation of A4V SOD1, and suggest that Cu(2+) plays a key role in the mechanism of aggregation of both A4V and oxidized wild-type SOD1. A plausible model for how pathological SOD1 mutants aggregate in ALS-affected motor neurons with the disruption of copper homeostasis has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Chang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Xie
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fu-Quan Yang
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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280
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Pal A, Badyal RK, Vasishta RK, Attri SV, Thapa BR, Prasad R. Biochemical, histological, and memory impairment effects of chronic copper toxicity: a model for non-Wilsonian brain copper toxicosis in Wistar rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 153:257-68. [PMID: 23613148 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of copper toxicosis rarely exhibit neurological impairments and increased brain copper accumulation impeding the development of novel therapeutic approaches to treat neurodegenerative diseases having high brain Cu content. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intraperitoneally injected copper lactate (0.15 mg Cu/100 g body weight) daily for 90 days on copper and zinc levels in the liver and hippocampus, on biochemical parameters, and on neurobehavioral functions (by Morris water maze) of male Wistar rats. Copper-administered animals exhibited significantly decreased serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and impaired neuromuscular coordination and spatial memory compared to control rats. Copper-intoxicated rats showed significant increase in liver and hippocampus copper content (99.1 and 73 % increase, respectively), 40.7 % reduction in hepatic zinc content, and interestingly, 77.1 % increase in hippocampus zinc content with concomitant increase in copper and zinc levels in serum and urine compared to control rats. Massive grade 4 copper depositions and grade 1 copper-associated protein in hepatocytes of copper-intoxicated rats were substantiated by rhodanine and orcein stains, respectively. Copper-intoxicated rats demonstrated swelling and increase in the number of astrocytes and copper deposition in the choroid plexus, with degenerated neurons showing pyknotic nuclei and dense eosinophilic cytoplasm. In conclusion, the present study shows the first evidence in vivo that chronic copper toxicity causes impaired spatial memory and neuromuscular coordination, swelling of astrocytes, decreased serum AChE activity, copper deposition in the choroid plexus, neuronal degeneration, and augmented levels of copper and zinc in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India 160012
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281
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Copper and anesthesia: clinical relevance and management of copper related disorders. Anesthesiol Res Pract 2013; 2013:750901. [PMID: 23762044 PMCID: PMC3666360 DOI: 10.1155/2013/750901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has implicated abnormal copper homeostasis in the underlying pathophysiology of several clinically important disorders, some of which may be encountered by the anesthetist in daily clinical practice. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the physiology and pharmacology of copper, the clinical implications of abnormal copper metabolism, and the subsequent influence of altered copper homeostasis on anesthetic management.
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282
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Emwas AHM, Al-Talla ZA, Guo X, Al-Ghamdi S, Al-Masri HT. Utilizing NMR and EPR spectroscopy to probe the role of copper in prion diseases. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2013; 51:255-268. [PMID: 23436479 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.3936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential nutrient for the normal development of the brain and nervous system, although the hallmark of several neurological diseases is a change in copper concentrations in the brain and central nervous system. Prion protein (PrP) is a copper-binding, cell-surface glycoprotein that exists in two alternatively folded conformations: a normal isoform (PrP(C)) and a disease-associated isoform (PrP(Sc)). Prion diseases are a group of lethal neurodegenerative disorders that develop as a result of conformational conversion of PrP(C) into PrP(Sc). The pathogenic mechanism that triggers this conformational transformation with the subsequent development of prion diseases remains unclear. It has, however, been shown repeatedly that copper plays a significant functional role in the conformational conversion of prion proteins. In this review, we focus on current research that seeks to clarify the conformational changes associated with prion diseases and the role of copper in this mechanism, with emphasis on the latest applications of NMR and EPR spectroscopy to probe the interactions of copper with prion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Hamid M Emwas
- NMR Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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283
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Liu R, Chen Z, Wang S, Qu C, Chen L, Wang Z. Colorimetric sensing of copper(II) based on catalytic etching of gold nanoparticles. Talanta 2013; 112:37-42. [PMID: 23708534 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Based on the catalytic etching of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), a label-free colorimetric probe was developed for the detection of Cu(2+) in aqueous solutions. AuNPs were first stabilized by hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide in NH3-NH4Cl (0.6M/0.1M) solutions. Then thiosulfate (S2O3(2-)) ions were introduced and AuNPs were gradually dissolved by dissolved oxygen. With the further addition of Cu(2+), Cu(NH3)4(2+) oxidized AuNPs to produce Au(S2O3)2(3-) and Cu(S2O3)3(5-), while the later was oxid-ized to Cu(NH3)4(2+) again by dissolved oxygen. The dissolving rate of AuNPs was thereby remarkably promoted and Cu(2+) acted as the catalyst. The process went on due to the sufficient supply of dissolved oxygen and AuNPs were rapidly etched. Meanwhile, a visible color change from red to colorless was observed. Subsequent tests confirmed such a non-aggregation-based method as a sensitive (LOD=5.0 nM or 0.32 ppb) and selective (at least 100-fold over other metal ions except for Pb(2+) and Mn(2+)) way for the detection of Cu(2+) (linear range, 10-80 nM). Moreover, our results show that the color change induced by 40 nM Cu(2+) can be easily observed by naked eyes, which is particularly applicable to fast on-site investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Liu
- School of Environment and Materials Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264003, PR China
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284
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A New Pyrazoline-Based Fluorescent Probe for Cu2+ in Live Cells. J Fluoresc 2013; 23:799-806. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-013-1203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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285
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Hare DJ, Grubman A, Ryan TM, Lothian A, Liddell JR, Grimm R, Matsuda T, Doble PA, Cherny RA, Bush AI, White AR, Masters CL, Roberts BR. Profiling the iron, copper and zinc content in primary neuron and astrocyte cultures by rapid online quantitative size exclusion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Metallomics 2013; 5:1656-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00227f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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286
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Shaligram S, Campbell A. Toxicity of copper salts is dependent on solubility profile and cell type tested. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 27:844-51. [PMID: 23287045 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is considered an essential metal for living organisms. However, disruption of Cu homeostasis is toxic and can lead to disorders such as Menkes and Wilson's diseases. The brain appears to be a vulnerable target organ. This study investigated the toxicity of Cu based on its solubility profile and cell type tested. Human A-172 (glioblastoma), SK-N-SH (neuroblastoma) and CCF-STTG1 (astrocytoma) cells were assessed after exposure to different concentrations (0.5-500μM) of copper sulfate (CuSO4) or copper (II) oxide (CuO). Since Cu is a redox active transition metal, we hypothesized that oxidative stress would be the main mechanism underlying cell toxicity. Therefore, cell viability was correlated with the extent of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Cell viability decreased at the higher concentrations of the Cu salts and CuO was more toxic compared to CuSO4. The astrocytoma and glioblastoma cells were more vulnerable compared to the neuronal cells. Furthermore, it appears that oxidative stress only partially accounts for Cu-induced cell toxicity. Further studies are needed to better understand the unique susceptibility of glial cells and determine the physicochemical properties of insoluble Cu which accounts for its enhanced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Shaligram
- Western University of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
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287
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Dudzik CG, Walter ED, Abrams BS, Jurica MS, Millhauser GL. Coordination of copper to the membrane-bound form of α-synuclein. Biochemistry 2012; 52:53-60. [PMID: 23252394 DOI: 10.1021/bi301475q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of the 140-amino acid protein α-synuclein (α-syn) is linked to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). α-Syn is a copper binding protein with potential function as a regulator of metal-dependent redox activity. Epidemiological studies suggest that human exposure to excess copper increases the incidence of PD. α-Syn exists in both solution and membrane-bound forms. Previous work evaluated the Cu(2+) uptake for α-syn in solution and identified Met1-Asp2 and His50 as primary contributors to the coordination shell, with a dissociation constant of approximately 0.1 nM. When bound to the membrane bilayer, α-syn takes on a predominantly helical conformation, which spatially separates His50 from the N-terminus of the protein and is therefore incompatible with the copper coordination geometry of the solution state. Here we use circular dichroism and electron paramagnetic resonance (continuous wave and pulsed) to evaluate the coordination of copper to the membrane-bound form of α-syn. In this molecular environment, Cu(2+) binds exclusively to the N-terminus of the protein (Met1-Asp2) with no participation from His50. Copper does not alter the membrane-bound α-syn conformation or enhance the release of the protein from the bilayer. The Cu(2+) affinity is similar to that identified for solution α-syn, suggesting that copper coordination is retained in the membrane. Consideration of these results demonstrates that copper exerts its greatest conformational effect on the solution form of α-syn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Dudzik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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288
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Yang W, Wang J, Zhu X, Gao Y, Liu Z, Zhang L, Chen H, Shi X, Yang L, Liu G. High lever dietary copper promote ghrelin gene expression in the fundic gland of growing pigs. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:154-7. [PMID: 22911428 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of dietary copper supplementation on ghrelin mRNA expression level in the fundic gland of growing pigs. A total of 45 crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to three groups of 15 pigs, five replicates of three animals comprised each group. Pigs were allocated to diets that contained 5 mg/kg copper (as the control group), 125 mg/kg copper sulfate, or 125 mg/kg copper methionine. At the end of the experiment, five pigs were selected at random from each group, slaughtered, and collected the fundic gland for determination of ghrelin mRNA expression level. The results showed that average daily gain, average daily feed intake, absolute weight, serum growth hormone (GH) concentration, and ghrelin mRNA level were higher in pigs fed the diets with 125 mg/kg copper methionine and 125 mg/kg copper sulfate (P < 0.05), than in pigs fed a diet with 5 mg/kg copper. These data suggest that high dietary copper (125 mg/kg) appears to increase feed intake and promote weight gain by enhancing the secretion of GH and ghrelin mRNA level in growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
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289
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Copper, zinc and iron in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and prion diseases). Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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290
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The effect of substituents on the response of 3,4-dihydro-3-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylidene)-quinoxalin-2(1H)-one derivatives toward binding of Cu2+. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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291
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Choudhary SP, Oral HV, Bhardwaj R, Yu JQ, Tran LSP. Interaction of brassinosteroids and polyamines enhances copper stress tolerance in raphanus sativus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:5659-75. [PMID: 22915739 PMCID: PMC3444278 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) and polyamines (PAs) regulate various responses to abiotic stress, but their involvement in the regulation of copper (Cu) homeostasis in plants exposed to toxic levels of Cu is poorly understood. This study provides an analysis of the effects of exogenously applied BRs and PAs on radish (Raphanus sativus) plants exposed to toxic concentrations of Cu. The interaction of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR, an active BR) and spermidine (Spd, an active PA) on gene expression and the physiology of radish plants resulted in enhanced tolerance to Cu stress. Results indicated that the combined application of EBR and Spd modulated the expression of genes encoding PA enzymes and genes that impact the metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) resulting in enhanced Cu stress tolerance. Altered expression of genes implicated in Cu homeostasis appeared to be the main effect of EBR and Spd leading to Cu stress alleviation in radish. Ion leakage, in vivo imaging of H(2)O(2), comet assay, and improved tolerance of Cu-sensitive yeast strains provided further evidence for the ability of EBR and Spd to improve Cu tolerance significantly. The study indicates that co-application of EBR and Spd is an effective approach for Cu detoxification and the maintenance of Cu homeostasis in plants. Therefore, the use of these compounds in agricultural production systems should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikander Pal Choudhary
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058, ZhejiangChina
- Department of Botany, University of JammuJammu 180003India
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: or or
| | - H. Volkan Oral
- Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev84990Israel
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev UniversityAmritsar 143001India
| | - Jing-Quan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058, ZhejiangChina
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: or or
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Plant Science CenterYokohama, KanagawaJapan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: or or
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292
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Zeng B, Chen GL, Xu SZ. Divalent copper is a potent extracellular blocker for TRPM2 channel. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 424:279-84. [PMID: 22750002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a Ca(2+)-permeable cationic channel in the TRP channel family. The channel activity can be regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular acidification, which has been implicated to the pathogenesis of diabetes and some neuronal disorders. However, little is known about the effect of redox-active metal ions, such as copper, on TRPM2 channels. Here we investigated the effect of divalent copper on TRPM2. TRPM2 channel was over-expressed in HEK-293 cells and the whole-cell current was recorded by patch clamp. We found the whole-cell current evoked by intracellular ADP-ribose was potently inhibited by Cu(2+) with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 2.59 μM. The inhibitory effect was irreversible. The single channel activity was abolished in the outside-out patches, and intracellular application of Cu(2+) did not prevent the channel activation, suggesting that the action site of Cu(2+) is located in the extracellular domains of the channel. TRPM2 current was also blocked by Hg(2+), Pb(2+), Fe(2+) and Se(2+). We concluded that Cu(2+) is a potent TRPM2 channel blocker. The sensitivity of TRPM2 channel to heavy metal ions could be a new mechanism for the pathogenesis of some metal ion-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zeng
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
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293
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Monnot AD, Zheng G, Zheng W. Mechanism of copper transport at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier: influence of iron deficiency in an in vitro model. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:327-33. [PMID: 22442359 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element that requires tight homeostatic regulation to ensure appropriate supply while not causing cytotoxicity due to its strong redox potential. Our previous in vivo study has shown that iron deficiency (FeD) increases Cu levels in brain tissues, particularly in the choroid plexus, where the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier resides. This study was designed to elucidate the mechanism by which FeD results in excess Cu accumulation at the blood-CSF barrier. The effect of FeD on cellular Cu retention and transporters Cu transporter-1 (Ctr1), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), antioxidant protein-1 (ATOX1) and ATP7A was examined in choroidal epithelial Z310 cells. The results revealed that deferoximine treatment (FeD) resulted in 70% increase in cellular Cu retention (P < 0.05). A significant increase in the mRNA levels of DMT1, but not Ctr1, was also observed after FeD treatment, suggesting a critical role of DMT1 in cellular Cu regulation during FeD. Knocking down Ctr1 or DMT1 resulted in significantly lower Cu uptake by Z310 cells, whereas the knocking down of ATOX1 or ATP7A led to substantial increases of cellular retention of Cu. Taken together, these results suggest that Ctr1, DMT1, ATOX1 and ATP7A contribute to Cu transport at the blood-CSF barrier, and that the accumulation of intracellular Cu found in the Z310 cells during FeD appears to be mediated, at least in part, via the upregulation of DMT1 after FeD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Monnot
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, CIVL1169, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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294
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Tsang BKT, Crump N, Macdonell RA. Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord despite prophylactic vitamin B12 treatment. J Clin Neurosci 2012; 19:908-10. [PMID: 22342235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe a 35 year-old man presenting with a four-week history of non-painful limb paraesthesias and unsteady gait causing falls. On examination he had an ataxic gait associated with dorsal column sensory loss. He had a medical history of a partial gastrectomy six years prior and anaemia. He had received monthly intramuscular hydroxycobalamin injections since the gastrectomy. Laboratory tests revealed normal vitamin B12 and holotranscobalamin levels, a reduced serum caeruloplasmin of 0.05 g/L (normal: 0.22-0.58 g/L), a copper-to-caeruloplasmin ratio of 1.9 μmol/L (11.0-22.0 μmol/L) and a reduced 24-hour urinary copper concentration of <0.30 μmol/L (0-0.3 μmol/L). Cerebrospinal fluid analysis, nerve conduction studies, electromyography and visual-evoked responses were unremarkable. MRI revealed abnormal hyperintense signal in the cervical dorsal columns. Hypocupric myelopathy was diagnosed and he was treated with daily oral elemental copper. Three months later, his walking and balance had improved although there was no change noted on MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K-T Tsang
- Department of Neurology, The Austin Hospital, Austin Health, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia.
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295
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Pathak RK, Hinge VK, Mondal P, Rao CP. Ratiometric fluorescence off-on-off sensor for Cu2+ in aqueous buffer by a lower rim triazole linked benzimidazole conjugate of calix[4]arene. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:10652-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30432e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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296
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Wang J, Zhu X, Li X, Wang W, Wang X, Liu L, Deng Q, Bai G, Wang J, Feng H, Wang Z, Liu G. Effects of copper on proliferation and autocrine secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in chondrocytes from newborn pigs in vitro. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 144:588-96. [PMID: 22180012 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocytes from the lateral trochlear ridge of the distal femur taken from 1-day-old piglets were cultured in medium supplemented with 0, 7.8, 15.6, 31.2, and 62.5 μmol/L copper. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) levels in culture medium were determined by radioimmunoassay. DNA synthesis in chondrocytes was measured by tritiated thymidine ((3)H-TdR) incorporation. Proliferation-promoting activity and incorporation of (3)H-TdR in chondrocytes were increased in all culture media supplemented with copper and 15% fetal calf serum (FCS). The contents of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were also enhanced significantly in culture media containing 15% FCS and supplemented with copper at 15.6, 31.2, and 62.5 μmol/L. The optimal copper concentration for promoting chondrocyte proliferation and autocrine secretion of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 was 31.2 μmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
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297
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Yang W, Wang J, Liu L, Zhu X, Wang X, Liu Z, Wang Z, Yang L, Liu G. Effect of high dietary copper on somatostatin and growth hormone-releasing hormone levels in the hypothalami of growing pigs. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 143:893-900. [PMID: 21110139 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of dietary copper supplementation on somatostatin (SS) and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) mRNA expression levels in the hypothalami of growing pigs. A total of 45 crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to three groups of 15 pigs each; five replicates of three animals comprised each group. Pigs were allocated to diets that contained 5 mg/kg copper (control), 125 mg/kg copper sulfate, or 125 mg/kg copper methionine. At the end of the experiment, five pigs were selected at random from each group and slaughtered, and hypothalami were collected for determination of SS and GHRH mRNA expression levels. The results showed that the SS expression levels were lower and the GHRH levels were higher in pigs fed the diets with 125 mg/kg copper methionine (P<0.05) and 125 mg/kg copper sulfate (P<0.05), respectively, than in pigs fed the diet with 5 mg/kg copper. Furthermore, the relationship between SS mRNA and GHRH mRNA abundance had a significantly negative correlation (P<0.05). The data indicated that high dietary copper could enhance GHRH mRNA expression levels and suppress SS mRNA expression levels in the hypothalami of pigs. High lever dietary copper (125 mg/kg copper sulfate or 125 mg/kg copper methionine) increased pigs' growth performance and feed efficiency but had no significant effect on daily feed intake; 125 mg/kg copper sulfate or 125 mg/kg copper methionine at the same lever had no difference on growth promoting in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
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298
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Bleackley MR, Macgillivray RTA. Transition metal homeostasis: from yeast to human disease. Biometals 2011; 24:785-809. [PMID: 21479832 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-011-9451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal ions are essential nutrients to all forms of life. Iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt and nickel all have unique chemical and physical properties that make them attractive molecules for use in biological systems. Many of these same properties that allow these metals to provide essential biochemical activities and structural motifs to a multitude of proteins including enzymes and other cellular constituents also lead to a potential for cytotoxicity. Organisms have been required to evolve a number of systems for the efficient uptake, intracellular transport, protein loading and storage of metal ions to ensure that the needs of the cells can be met while minimizing the associated toxic effects. Disruptions in the cellular systems for handling transition metals are observed as a number of diseases ranging from hemochromatosis and anemias to neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has proved useful as a model organism for the investigation of these processes and many of the genes and biological systems that function in yeast metal homeostasis are conserved throughout eukaryotes to humans. This review focuses on the biological roles of iron, copper, zinc, manganese, nickel and cobalt, the homeostatic mechanisms that function in S. cerevisiae and the human diseases in which these metals have been implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Bleackley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada
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299
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Goez HR, Jacob FD, Fealey RD, Patterson MC, Ramaswamy V, Persad R, Johnson ES, Yager JY. An unusual presentation of copper metabolism disorder and a possible connection with Niemann-Pick type C. J Child Neurol 2011; 26:518-21. [PMID: 21273508 DOI: 10.1177/0883073810383983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal copper metabolism has been linked with neurological disorders, such as Wilson and Menkes disease. Another disorder causing symptoms similar to copper metabolism disorder is Niemann-Pick type C. However, a definite pathophysiological connection between Niemann-Pick type C and copper metabolism disorders has never been established. The authors present an adolescent with an unusual presentation of copper deficiency-dysarthria, ataxia, and vertical gaze paresis, without significant cognitive degeneration or pathological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The patient was found to carry 2 mutations in the NPC1 gene. A possible link, explaining how copper deficiency might induce the Niemann-Pick phenotype might involve overproduction of cholesterol and inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase. We suggest that copper metabolism disorders be included in the differential diagnosis for ataxia and dysarthria, even in cases with unusual presentations. Moreover, should the connection between copper and Niemann-Pick be validated, screening for copper metabolism disorders may be advisable in Niemann-Pick type C patients and vice-versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helly R Goez
- Stollery Children’s Hospital in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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300
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Dudzik CG, Walter ED, Millhauser GL. Coordination features and affinity of the Cu²+ site in the α-synuclein protein of Parkinson's disease. Biochemistry 2011; 50:1771-7. [PMID: 21319811 DOI: 10.1021/bi101912q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent age-related, neurodegenerative disorder, affecting >1% of the population over the age of 60. PD pathology is marked by intracellular inclusions composed primarily of the protein α-synuclein (α-syn). These inclusions also contain copper, and the interaction of Cu(2+) with α-syn may play an important role in PD fibrillogenesis. Here we report the stoichiometry, affinity, and coordination structure of the Cu(2+)-α-syn complex. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) titrations show that monomeric α-syn binds 1.0 equiv of Cu(2+) at the protein N-terminus. Next, an EPR competition technique demonstrates that α-syn binds Cu(2+) with a K(d) of ≈0.10 nM. Finally, EPR and electron spin echo modulation (ESEEM) applied to a suite of mutant and truncated α-syn constructs reveal a coordination sphere arising from the N-terminal amine, the Asp2 amide backbone and side chain carboxyl group, and the His50 imidazole. The high binding affinity identified here, in accord with previous measurements, suggests that copper uptake and sequestration may be a part of α-syn's natural function, perhaps modulating copper's redox properties. The findings further suggest that the long-range interaction between the N-terminus and His50 may have a weakening effect on the interaction of α-syn with lipid membranes, thereby mobilizing monomeric α-syn and hastening fibrillogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Dudzik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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