251
|
Zhao F, Li G, Hu P, Zhao X, Li L, Wei W, Feng J, Zhou H. Identification of basic/helix-loop-helix transcription factors reveals candidate genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis from the strawberry white-flesh mutant. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2721. [PMID: 29426907 PMCID: PMC5807450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As the second largest transcription factor family in plant, the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor family, characterized by the conserved bHLH domain, plays a central regulatory role in many biological process. However, the bHLH transcription factor family of strawberry has not been systematically identified, especially for the anthocyanin biosynthesis. Here, we identified a total of 113 bHLH transcription factors and described their chromosomal distribution and bioinformatics for the diploid woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca. In addition, transcription profiles of 113 orthologous bHLH genes from various tissues were analyzed for the cultivar 'Benihoppe', its white-flesh mutant 'Xiaobai', and the 'Snow Princess' from their fruit development to the ripening, as well as those under either the ABA or Eth treatment. Both the RT-PCR and qRT-PCR results show that seven selected FabHLH genes (FabHLH17, FabHLH25, FabHLH27, FabHLH29, FabHLH40, FabHLH80, FabHLH98) are responsive to the fruit anthocyanin biosynthesis and hormone signaling according to transcript profiles where three color modes are observed for strawberry's fruit skin and flesh. Further, prediction for the protein interaction network reveals that four bHLHs (FabHLH25, FabHLH29, FabHLH80, FabHLH98) are involved in the fruit anthocyanin biosynthesis and hormone signaling transduction. These bioinformatics and expression profiles provide a good basis for a further investigation of strawberry bHLH genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Panpan Hu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liangjie Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiayue Feng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Houcheng Zhou
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
252
|
Wang S, Saito T, Ohkawa K, Ohara H, Suktawee S, Ikeura H, Kondo S. Abscisic acid is involved in aromatic ester biosynthesis related with ethylene in green apples. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 221:85-93. [PMID: 29268086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The production of aromatic volatiles such as esters during the ripening process in climacteric fruits is known to be controlled by ethylene. However, we here show that abscisic acid (ABA) application accelerated the onset of short-chain ester production (hexyl propionate, ethyl-2-methyl butyrate) and the expression of biosynthesis genes (MdAAT2 and MdBCAT1) during ripening of 'Orin' apple. ABA application also promoted the production of ethylene, and caused ethylene peak shifts correlated with the expression of ethylene synthesis genes (MdACS1/3 and MdACO1), suggesting that ABA may act jointly with ethylene as a positive regulator at the ripening stage of 'Orin' apple. Additionally, endogenous levels and expression of biosynthesis (MdNCED1) and signal transduction genes (MdABF2-like) of ABA increased towards ripening. Finally, the localization of the putative MdABF2-like protein binding element, AREB/ABF, was observed in the 5'-upstream region of MdACS1/3 and MdACO1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan
| | - Takanori Saito
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ohkawa
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohara
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan; Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, Kashiwa-no-ha 277-0882, Japan
| | - Sirinan Suktawee
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ikeura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Satoru Kondo
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
253
|
Transcriptome profiling during mangrove viviparity in response to abscisic acid. Sci Rep 2018; 8:770. [PMID: 29335506 PMCID: PMC5768736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangrove plants adapt to coastal tidal mudflats with specially evolved viviparity seed development. However, very little is known about the genetic and molecular mechanisms of mangrove viviparity. Here, we tested a hypothesis that plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a significant role in precocious germination of viviparous Kandelia obovata seeds by exogenous applications. Through transcriptome analysis of ABA treated seeds, it was found that ABA repressed mangrove fruit growth and development, and there were thousands of genes differentially expressed. As a result, dynamics of the pathways were dramatically altered. In particular, "Plant hormone signal transduction" and "MAPK signaling pathway" were represented significantly. Among differentially expressed genes, some key genes of ABA signal transduction were induced, while ABA biosynthesis genes were repressed. Take ABI1 and ABI2, key negative regulators in ABA signal pathway, as examples, homologous alignment and a phylogenetic tree in various species showed that ABI1 and ABI2 are highly conserved among various species. The functional similarity of these genes was confirmed by transgenic work in Arabidopsis. Taken together, ABA inhibited mangrove viviparity, but mangroves developed a mechanism to prevent accidently increase of ABA in the harsh environment for maintaining viviparous reproductive strategy.
Collapse
|
254
|
Zhang Y, Li Q, Jiang L, Kai W, Liang B, Wang J, Du Y, Zhai X, Wang J, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhang L, Leng P. Suppressing Type 2C Protein Phosphatases Alters Fruit Ripening and the Stress Response in Tomato. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:142-154. [PMID: 29121241 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although ABA signaling has been widely studied in Arabidopsis, the roles of core ABA signaling components in fruit remain poorly understood. Herein, we characterize SlPP2C1, a group A type 2C protein phosphatase that negatively regulates ABA signaling and fruit ripening in tomato. The SlPP2C1 protein was localized in the cytoplasm close to AtAHG3/AtPP2CA. The SlPP2C1 gene was expressed in all tomato tissues throughout development, particularly in flowers and fruits, and it was up-regulated by dehydration and ABA treatment. SlPP2C1 expression in fruits was increased at 30 d after full bloom and peaked at the B + 1 stage. Suppression of SlPP2C1 expression significantly accelerated fruit ripening which was associated with higher levels of ABA signaling genes that are reported to alter the expression of fruit ripening genes involved in ethylene release and cell wall catabolism. SlPP2C1-RNAi (RNA interference) led to increased endogenous ABA accumulation and advanced release of ethylene in transgenic fruits compared with wild-type (WT) fruits. SlPP2C1-RNAi also resulted in abnormal flowers and obstructed the normal abscission of pedicels. SlPP2C1-RNAi plants were hypersensitized to ABA, and displayed delayed seed germination and primary root growth, and increased resistance to drought stress compared with WT plants. These results demonstrated that SlPP2C1 is a functional component in the ABA signaling pathway which participates in fruit ripening, ABA responses and drought tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Zhang
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qian Li
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenbin Kai
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yangwei Du
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiawan Zhai
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jieling Wang
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingqi Zhang
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yufei Sun
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lusheng Zhang
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ping Leng
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
255
|
Karppinen K, Tegelberg P, Häggman H, Jaakola L. Abscisic Acid Regulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Gene Expression Associated With Cell Wall Modification in Ripening Bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Fruits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1259. [PMID: 30210522 PMCID: PMC6124387 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ripening of non-climacteric bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit is characterized by a high accumulation of health-beneficial anthocyanins. Plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and sucrose have been shown to be among the central signaling molecules coordinating non-climacteric fruit ripening and anthocyanin accumulation in some fruits such as strawberry. Our earlier studies have demonstrated an elevation in endogenous ABA level in bilberry fruit at the onset of ripening indicating a role for ABA in the regulation of bilberry fruit ripening. In the present study, we show that the treatment of unripe green bilberry fruits with exogenous ABA significantly promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation both in fruits attached and detached to the plant. In addition, ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, fluridone, delayed anthocyanin accumulation in bilberries. Exogenous ABA also induced the expression of several genes involved in cell wall modification in ripening bilberry fruits. Furthermore, silencing of VmNCED1, the key gene in ABA biosynthesis, was accompanied by the down-regulation in the expression of key anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. In contrast, the treatment of unripe green bilberry fruits with exogenous sucrose or glucose did not lead to an enhancement in the anthocyanin accumulation neither in fruits attached to plant nor in post-harvest fruits. Moreover, sugars failed to induce the expression of genes associated in anthocyanin biosynthesis or ABA biosynthesis while could elevate expression of some genes associated with cell wall modification in post-harvest bilberry fruits. Our results demonstrate that ABA plays a major role in the regulation of ripening-related processes such as anthocyanin biosynthesis and cell wall modification in bilberry fruit, whereas sugars seem to have minor regulatory roles in the processes. The results indicate that the regulation of bilberry fruit ripening differs from strawberry that is currently considered as a model of non-climacteric fruit ripening. In this study, we also identified transcription factors, which expression was enhanced by ABA, as potential regulators of ABA-mediated bilberry fruit ripening processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Karppinen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Climate laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pinja Tegelberg
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hely Häggman
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Climate laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
- *Correspondence: Laura Jaakola,
| |
Collapse
|
256
|
Begcy K, Sandhu J, Walia H. Transient Heat Stress During Early Seed Development Primes Germination and Seedling Establishment in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1768. [PMID: 30568666 PMCID: PMC6290647 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rice yield is highly sensitive to increased temperature. Given the trend of increasing global temperatures, this sensitivity to higher temperatures poses a challenge for achieving global food security. Early seed development in rice is highly sensitive to unfavorable environmental conditions. Heat stress (HS) during this stage decreases seed size and fertility, thus reducing yield. Here, we explore the transgenerational phenotypic consequences of HS during early seed development on seed viability, germination, and establishment. To elucidate the impact of HS on the developmental events in post-zygotic rice seeds, we imposed moderate (35°C) and severe (39°C) HS treatments initiated 1 day after fertilization and maintained for 24, 48, or 72 h. The transient HS treatments altered the initiation of endosperm (ED) cellularization, seed size and/or the duration of spikelet ripening. Notably, seeds exposed to 24 and 48 h moderate HS exhibited higher germination rate compared to seeds derived from plants grown under control or severe HS. A short-term HS resulted in altered expression of Gibberellin (GA) and ABA biosynthesis genes during early seed development, and GA and ABA levels and starch content at maturity. The increased germination rate after 24 of moderate HS could be due to altered ABA sensitivity and/or increased starch level. Our findings on the impact of transient HS on hormone homeostasis provide an experimental framework to elucidate the underlying molecular and metabolic pathways.
Collapse
|
257
|
Martín-Pizarro C, Posé D. Genome Editing as a Tool for Fruit Ripening Manipulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1415. [PMID: 30319675 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, a series of tools for genome editing have been developed, allowing the introduction of precise changes into plant genomes. These have included Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR/Cas9, which is so far the most successful and commonly used approach for targeted and stable editing of DNA, due to its ease of use and low cost. CRISPR/Cas9 is now being widely used as a new plant breeding technique to improve commercially relevant crop species. Fruit ripening is a complex and genetically controlled developmental process that is essential for acquiring quality attributes of the fruit. Although the number of studies published to date using genome editing tools to molecularly understand or improve fruit ripening is scarce, in this review we discuss these achievements and how genome editing opens tremendous possibilities not only for functional studies of genes involved in fruit ripening, but also to generate non-transgenic plants with an improved fruit quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Martín-Pizarro
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Málaga, Spain
| | - David Posé
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
258
|
Cheng C, Gao J, Ma N. Investigation of Petal Senescence by TRV-Mediated Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Rose. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1744:49-63. [PMID: 29392655 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7672-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The classic reverse genetic screening, such as EMS-induced or T-DNA-mediated mutation, is a powerful tool to identify senescence-related genes in many model plants. For most non-model plants, however, this strategy is hard to achieve. Even for model plants, construction of a mutant library is usually labor and time-consuming. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) provides an alternative to characterize gene function in a wide spectrum of plants through transient gene expression. To date, more than a dozen of VIGS vector systems have been developed from different RNA and DNA viruses, while Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) system might be one of the most used due to its wide host range and ease of use. Here, we describe a modified TRV vector, TRV-GFP, in which a green fluorescent protein (GFP) is fused to 3'-end of the coat protein (CP) gene in the TRV2 vector. Since the GFP-tagged CP protein could be traced under UV light in planta, identification of TRV-GFP-infected plants is easy. Application of this system in identifying genes regulating petal senescence in rose is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Cheng
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
259
|
Li B, Yan J, Jia W. FERONIA/FER-like receptor kinases integrate and modulate multiple signaling pathways in fruit development and ripening. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1366397. [PMID: 29215944 PMCID: PMC5792130 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1366397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ripening of fleshy fruits is a complex process that involves dramatic changes in color, texture, flavor, and aroma, which is essentially regulated by multiple hormone signals. Although the metabolic mechanisms for the regulation of fruit development and ripening have been studied extensively, little is known about the signaling mechanisms underlying this process. FERONIA has been increasingly suggested to be implicated in multiple signaling pathways. In a recent publication, we showed that a FERONIA/FER -like receptor kinase, FaMRLK47, playes an important role in the regulation of fruit ripening in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa, a typical non-climacteric fruit) fruit. Over-expression orRNAi-mediated down regulation of FaMRLK47 caused a delay or acceleration, respectively, of fruit ripening progress. Meanwhile, overexpression orRNAi-mediated down regulation of FaMRLK47 caused a decrease or increase, respectively, in the ABA-induced expression of a series of ripening-related genes. More recently, we also found that MdFERL1, a FERONIA/FER-like receptor kinase in tomato plant, was implicated in the regulation of tomato fruit ripening via modulating ethylene production. We propose that FERONIA/FER-like receptor kinases may function to regulate fruit development and ripening via integrate multiple signaling pathways in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wensuo Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
260
|
Gene expression atlas of fruit ripening and transcriptome assembly from RNA-seq data in octoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). Sci Rep 2017; 7:13737. [PMID: 29062051 PMCID: PMC5653846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-seq has been used to perform global expression analysis of the achene and the receptacle at four stages of fruit ripening, and of the roots and leaves of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). About 967 million reads and 191 Gb of sequence were produced, using Illumina sequencing. Mapping the reads in the related genome of the wild diploid Fragaria vesca revealed differences between the achene and receptacle development program, and reinforced the role played by ethylene in the ripening receptacle. For the strawberry transcriptome assembly, a de novo strategy was followed, generating separate assemblies for each of the ten tissues and stages sampled. The Trinity program was used for these assemblies, resulting in over 1.4 M isoforms. Filtering by a threshold of 0.3 FPKM, and doing Blastx (E-value < 1 e-30) against the UniProt database of plants reduced the number to 472,476 isoforms. Their assembly with the MIRA program (90% homology) resulted in 26,087 contigs. From these, 91.34 percent showed high homology to Fragaria vesca genes and 87.30 percent Fragaria iinumae (BlastN E-value < 1 e-100). Mapping back the reads on the MIRA contigs identified polymorphisms at nucleotide level, using FREEBAYES, as well as estimate their relative abundance in each sample.
Collapse
|
261
|
Oh HD, Yu DJ, Chung SW, Chea S, Lee HJ. Abscisic acid stimulates anthocyanin accumulation in 'Jersey' highbush blueberry fruits during ripening. Food Chem 2017; 244:403-407. [PMID: 29120800 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-climacteric blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) fruits accumulate high levels of anthocyanins during ripening, which are a good source of dietary antioxidants. This study examined the effects of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) application on fruit characteristics and anthocyanin accumulation in a northern highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum 'Jersey') during development. Fruits on shrubs were treated with 1gL-1 ABA before the initiation of fruit colouration. Application of ABA temporarily increased the level of ABA in the fruits during development. Exogenous ABA had no obvious effect on fruit growth, but stimulated fruit colouration by accelerating the accumulation of individual anthocyanins, mainly malvidin, delphinidin and petunidin glycosides. This is the first report to show that ABA promotes the accumulation of anthocyanins in blueberry fruits. However, exogenous ABA also promoted fruit softening, which is undesirable during harvest and shelf life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Duk Oh
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk Jun Yu
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Woo Chung
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinath Chea
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jae Lee
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
262
|
Shen X, Guo X, Zhao D, Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Peng X, Wei Y, Zhai Z, Zhao W, Li T. Cloning and expression profiling of the PacSnRK2 and PacPP2C gene families during fruit development, ABA treatment, and dehydration stress in sweet cherry. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 119:275-285. [PMID: 28926798 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant SNF1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) and protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) family members are core components of the ABA signal transduction pathway. SnRK2 and PP2C proteins have been suggested to play crucial roles in fruit ripening and improving plant tolerance to drought stress, but supporting genetic information has been lacking in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Here, we cloned six full-length SnRK2 genes and three full-length PP2C genes from sweet cherry cv. Hong Deng. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that PacSnRK2.2, PacSnRK2.3, PacSnRK2.6, and PacPP2C1-3 were negatively regulated in fruits in response to exogenous ABA treatment, PacSnRK2.4 and PacSnRK2.5 were upregulated, and PacSnRK2.1 expression was not affected. The ABA treatment also significantly promoted the accumulation of anthocyanins in sweet cherry fruit. The expression of all PacSnRK2 and PacPP2C genes was induced by dehydration stress, which also promoted the accumulation of drought stress signaling molecules in the sweet cherry fruits, including ABA, soluble sugars, and anthocyanin. Furthermore, a yeast two-hybrid analysis demonstrated that PacPP2C1 interacts with all six PacSnRK2s, while PacPP2C3 does not interact with PacSnRK2.5. PacPP2C2 does not interact with PacSnRK2.1 or PacSnRK2.4. These results indicate that PacSnRK2s and PacPP2Cs may play a variety of roles in the sweet cherry ABA signaling pathway and the fruit response to drought stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China; Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomolgy, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | | | - Yantao Wang
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiang Peng
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zefeng Zhai
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Tianhong Li
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
263
|
Hu W, Yan Y, Shi H, Liu J, Miao H, Tie W, Ding Z, Ding X, Wu C, Liu Y, Wang J, Xu B, Jin Z. The core regulatory network of the abscisic acid pathway in banana: genome-wide identification and expression analyses during development, ripening, and abiotic stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:145. [PMID: 28851274 PMCID: PMC5576091 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abscisic acid (ABA) signaling plays a crucial role in developmental and environmental adaptation processes of plants. However, the PYL-PP2C-SnRK2 families that function as the core components of ABA signaling are not well understood in banana. RESULTS In the present study, 24 PYL, 87 PP2C, and 11 SnRK2 genes were identified from banana, which was further supported by evolutionary relationships, conserved motif and gene structure analyses. The comprehensive transcriptomic analyses showed that banana PYL-PP2C-SnRK2 genes are involved in tissue development, fruit development and ripening, and response to abiotic stress in two cultivated varieties. Moreover, comparative expression analyses of PYL-PP2C-SnRK2 genes between BaXi Jiao (BX) and Fen Jiao (FJ) revealed that PYL-PP2C-SnRK2-mediated ABA signaling might positively regulate banana fruit ripening and tolerance to cold, salt, and osmotic stresses. Finally, interaction networks and co-expression assays demonstrated that the core components of ABA signaling were more active in FJ than in BX in response to abiotic stress, further supporting the crucial role of the genes in tolerance to abiotic stress in banana. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights into the complicated transcriptional control of PYL-PP2C-SnRK2 genes, improves the understanding of PYL-PP2C-SnRK2-mediated ABA signaling in the regulation of fruit development, ripening, and response to abiotic stress, and identifies some candidate genes for genetic improvement of banana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan China
| | - Yan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Juhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan China
| | - Hongxia Miao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan China
| | - Weiwei Tie
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan China
| | - Zehong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan China
| | - XuPo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan China
| | - Chunlai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan China
| | - Jiashui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Bananas, Hainan province, Haikou Experimental Station, China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan China
| | - Biyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan China
| | - Zhiqiang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Bananas, Hainan province, Haikou Experimental Station, China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan China
| |
Collapse
|
264
|
Jia M, Du P, Ding N, Zhang Q, Xing S, Wei L, Zhao Y, Mao W, Li J, Li B, Jia W. Two FERONIA-Like Receptor Kinases Regulate Apple Fruit Ripening by Modulating Ethylene Production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1406. [PMID: 28848599 PMCID: PMC5554343 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene has long been known to be a critical signal controlling the ripening of climacteric fruits; however, the signaling mechanism underlying ethylene production during fruit development is unknown. Here, we report that two FERONIA-like receptor kinases (FERLs) regulate fruit ripening by modulating ethylene production in the climacteric fruit, apple (Malus×domestica). Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the apple genome contains 14 members of the FER family (MdFERL1-17), of these 17 FERLs, MdFERL6 was expressed at the highest level in fruit. Heterologous expression of MdFERL6 or MdFERL1, the apple homolog of Arabidopsis FER, in another climacteric fruit, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit delayed ripening and suppressed ethylene production. Overexpression and antisense expression of MdFERL6 in apple fruit calli inhibited and promoted ethylene production, respectively. Additionally, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of SlFERL1, the tomato homolog of FER, promoted tomato fruit ripening and ethylene production. Both MdFERL6 and MdFERL1 physically interacted with MdSAMS (S-adenosylmethionine synthase), a key enzyme in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway. MdFERL6 was expressed at high levels during early fruit development, but dramatically declined when fruit ripening commenced, implying that MdFERL6 might limit ethylene production prior to fruit development and the ethylene production burst during fruit ripening. These results indicate that FERLs regulate apple and tomato fruit ripening, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms underlying ripening in climacteric fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bingbing Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Wensuo Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
265
|
Kumar R, Bohra A, Pandey AK, Pandey MK, Kumar A. Metabolomics for Plant Improvement: Status and Prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1302. [PMID: 28824660 PMCID: PMC5545584 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Post-genomics era has witnessed the development of cutting-edge technologies that have offered cost-efficient and high-throughput ways for molecular characterization of the function of a cell or organism. Large-scale metabolite profiling assays have allowed researchers to access the global data sets of metabolites and the corresponding metabolic pathways in an unprecedented way. Recent efforts in metabolomics have been directed to improve the quality along with a major focus on yield related traits. Importantly, an integration of metabolomics with other approaches such as quantitative genetics, transcriptomics and genetic modification has established its immense relevance to plant improvement. An effective combination of these modern approaches guides researchers to pinpoint the functional gene(s) and the characterization of massive metabolites, in order to prioritize the candidate genes for downstream analyses and ultimately, offering trait specific markers to improve commercially important traits. This in turn will improve the ability of a plant breeder by allowing him to make more informed decisions. Given this, the present review captures the significant leads gained in the past decade in the field of plant metabolomics accompanied by a brief discussion on the current contribution and the future scope of metabolomics to accelerate plant improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad (UoH)Hyderabad, India
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)Hyderabad, India
| | - Abhishek Bohra
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR)Kanpur, India
| | - Arun K. Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)Hyderabad, India
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)Hyderabad, India
| | - Anirudh Kumar
- Department of Botany, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU)Amarkantak, India
| |
Collapse
|
266
|
Franz-Oberdorf K, Eberlein B, Edelmann K, Bleicher P, Kurze E, Helm D, Olbricht K, Darsow U, Ring J, Schwab W. White-fruited strawberry genotypes are not per se hypoallergenic. Food Res Int 2017; 100:748-756. [PMID: 28873746 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The strawberry fruit Fra a 1-proteins are homologues of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and have essential biological functions in pigment formation during fruit ripening. Patients affected by allergy against birch pollen tolerated fruits of a naturally occurring white-fruited F.×ananassa genotype, which showed reduced levels of Fra a 1 proteins along with enzymes of the anthocyanin pigment pathway. We evaluated the cross-reactive allergenic potential of a number of naturally occurring white- and red-fruited strawberry varieties to detect genotypes with low allergenic reactivity, whose fruit might be tolerated by patients with mild allergy. Protein extracts of 51 different strawberry varieties (Fragaria×ananassa, F. vesca, and F. nilgerensis) were screened by Western blot analysis with a polyclonal Fra a 1.02 antibody. Besides, activation of basophils of eight atopic patients allergic to birch pollen were studied using Bet v 1a and different concentrations of 15 selected strawberry protein extracts out of the 51 strawberry genotypes. Median percentages of activated basophils stimulated by extracts from white- and red-fruited genotypes ranged from 36 to 84% and 44 to 76%, respectively indicating that white-fruited strawberry are not per se hypoallergenic. Protein extracts from white-fruited F. vesca cv. Yellow Wonder showed the lowest cross-reactivity but high biological variability. The knowledge about the allergenic potential of different strawberry genotypes may help to improve food safety and can serve as starting point for the development of red-fruited hypoallergenic strawberry cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Franz-Oberdorf
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Bernadette Eberlein
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 München, Germany
| | - Kathrin Edelmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Philip Bleicher
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kurze
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Dominic Helm
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Klaus Olbricht
- The Strawberry Breeding Company Hansabred GmbH & Co. KG, Radeburger Landstr. 12, 01108 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulf Darsow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 München, Germany
| | - Johannes Ring
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 München, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
267
|
Sun Y, Ji K, Liang B, Du Y, Jiang L, Wang J, Kai W, Zhang Y, Zhai X, Chen P, Wang H, Leng P. Suppressing ABA uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase (SlUGT75C1) alters fruit ripening and the stress response in tomato. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 91:574-589. [PMID: 28482127 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) glucose conjugation mediated by uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferases (UGTs) is an important pathway in regulating ABA homeostasis. In the present study, we investigated three tomato SlUGTs that are highly expressed in fruit during ripening, and these SlUGTs were localized to the cytoplasm and cell nucleus. Among these three UGTs, SlUGT75C1 catalyzes the glucosylation of both ABA and IAA in vitro; SlUGT76E1 can only catalyze the conjugation of ABA; and SlUGT73C4 cannot glycosylate either ABA or IAA. Therefore, SlUGT75C1 was selected for further investigation. SlUGT75C1 RNA interference significantly up-regulated the expression level of SlCYP707A2, which encodes an ABA 8'-hydroxylase but did not affect the expression of SlNCED1, which encodes a key enzyme in ABA biosynthesis. Suppression of SlUGT75C1 significantly accelerated fruit ripening by enhancing ABA levels and promoting the early release of ethylene. SlUGT75C1-RNAi altered the expression of fruit ripening genes (genes involved in ethylene release and cell wall catabolism). SlUGT75C1-RNAi seeds showed delayed germination and root growth compared with wild-type as well as increased sensitivity to exogenous ABA. SlUGT75C1-RNAi plants were also more resistant to drought stress. These results demonstrated that SlUGT75C1 plays a crucial role in ABA-mediated fruit ripening, seed germination, and drought responses in tomato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kai Ji
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bin Liang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yangwei Du
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Jiang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenbin Kai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yushu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiawan Zhai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pei Chen
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongqing Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ping Leng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
268
|
Zhang H, Yin L, Wang H, Wang G, Ma X, Li M, Wu H, Fu Q, Zhang Y, Yi H. Genome-wide identification of Hami melon miRNAs with putative roles during fruit development. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180600. [PMID: 28742088 PMCID: PMC5524408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs represent a family of small endogenous, non-coding RNAs that play critical regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and environmental stress responses. Hami melon is famous for its attractive flavor and excellent nutritional value, however, the mechanisms underlying the fruit development and ripening remains largely unknown. Here, we performed small RNA sequencing to investigate the roles of miRNAs during Hami melon fruit development. Two batches of flesh samples were collected at four fruit development stages. Small RNA sequencing yielded a total of 54,553,424 raw reads from eight libraries. 113 conserved miRNAs belonging to 30 miRNA families and nine novel miRNAs comprising nine miRNA families were identified. The expression of 42 conserved miRNAs and three Hami melon-specific miRNAs significantly changed during fruit development. Furthermore, 484 and 124 melon genes were predicted as putative targets of 29 conserved and nine Hami melon-specific miRNA families, respectively. GO enrichment analysis were performed on target genes, "transcription, DNA-dependent", "rRNA processing", "oxidation reduction", "signal transduction", "regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent", and "metabolic process" were the over-represented biological process terms. Cleavage sites of six target genes were validated using 5' RACE. Our results present a comprehensive set of identification and characterization of Hami melon fruit miRNAs and their potential targets, which provide valuable basis towards understanding the regulatory mechanisms in programmed process of normal Hami fruit development and ripening. Specific miRNAs could be selected for further research and applications in breeding practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lan Yin
- ABLife, Inc., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huaisong Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinli Ma
- Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Meihua Li
- Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qiushi Fu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- ABLife, Inc., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongping Yi
- Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
269
|
Molina-Hidalgo FJ, Medina-Puche L, Cañete-Gómez C, Franco-Zorrilla JM, López-Vidriero I, Solano R, Caballero JL, Rodríguez-Franco A, Blanco-Portales R, Muñoz-Blanco J, Moyano E. The fruit-specific transcription factor FaDOF2 regulates the production of eugenol in ripe fruit receptacles. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4529-4543. [PMID: 28981772 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Only a few transcription factors have been described in the regulation of the strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) fruit ripening process. Using a transcriptomic approach, we identified and functionally characterized FaDOF2, a DOF-type ripening-related transcription factor, which is hormonally regulated and specific to the receptacle, though high expression levels were also found in petals. The expression pattern of FaDOF2 correlated with eugenol content, a phenylpropanoid volatile, in both fruit receptacles and petals. When FaDOF2 expression was silenced in ripe strawberry receptacles, the expression of FaEOBII and FaEGS2, two key genes involved in eugenol production, were down-regulated. These fruits showed a concomitant decrease in eugenol content, which confirmed that FaDOF2 is a transcription factor that is involved in eugenol production in ripe fruit receptacles. By using the yeast two-hybrid system and bimolecular fluorescence complementation, we demonstrated that FaDOF2 interacts with FaEOBII, a previously reported regulator of eugenol production, which determines fine-tuning of the expression of key genes that are involved in eugenol production. These results provide evidence that FaDOF2 plays a subsidiary regulatory role with FaEOBII in the expression of genes encoding enzymes that control eugenol production. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the regulation of the volatile phenylpropanoid pathway in ripe strawberry receptacles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Molina-Hidalgo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba,Spain
| | - Laura Medina-Puche
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Carlos Cañete-Gómez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba,Spain
| | | | | | - Roberto Solano
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Darwin 3, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Caballero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba,Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Franco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba,Spain
| | - Rosario Blanco-Portales
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba,Spain
| | - Juan Muñoz-Blanco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba,Spain
| | - Enriqueta Moyano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba,Spain
| |
Collapse
|
270
|
Wang Y, Guo S, Tian S, Zhang J, Ren Y, Sun H, Gong G, Zhang H, Xu Y. Abscisic acid pathway involved in the regulation of watermelon fruit ripening and quality trait evolution. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179944. [PMID: 28662086 PMCID: PMC5491074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) is a non-climacteric fruit. The modern sweet-dessert watermelon is the result of years of cultivation and selection for fruits with desirable qualities. To date, the mechanisms of watermelon fruit ripening, and the role of abscisic acid (ABA) in this process, has not been well understood. We quantified levels of free and conjugated ABA contents in the fruits of cultivated watermelon (97103; C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris), semi-wild germplasm (PI179878; C. lanatus subsp. mucosospermus), and wild germplasm (PI296341-FR; C. lanatus subsp. lanatus). Results showed that ABA content in the fruits of 97103 and PI179878 increased during fruit development and ripening, but maintained a low steady state in the center flesh of PI296341-FR fruits. ABA levels in fruits were highest in 97103 and lowest in PI296341-FR, but no obvious differences in ABA levels were observed in seeds of these lines. Examination of 31 representative watermelon accessions, including different C. lanatus subspecies and ancestral species, showed a correlation between soluble solids content (SSC) and ABA levels in ripening fruits. Furthermore, injection of exogenous ABA or nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) into 97103 fruits promoted or inhibited ripening, respectively. Transcriptomic analyses showed that the expression levels of several genes involved in ABA metabolism and signaling, including Cla009779 (NCED), Cla005404 (NCED), Cla020673 (CYP707A), Cla006655 (UGT) and Cla020180 (SnRK2), varied significantly in cultivated and wild watermelon center flesh. Three SNPs (-738, C/A; -1681, C/T; -1832, G/T) in the promoter region of Cla020673 (CYP707A) and one single SNP (-701, G/A) in the promoter of Cla020180 (SnRK2) exhibited a high level of correlation with SSC variation in the 100 tested accessions. Our results not only demonstrate for the first time that ABA is involved in the regulation of watermelon fruit ripening, but also provide insights into the evolutionary mechanisms of this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Shaogui Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Shouwei Tian
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Ren
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Honghe Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyi Gong
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
271
|
Jia M, Ding N, Zhang Q, Xing S, Wei L, Zhao Y, Du P, Mao W, Li J, Li B, Jia W. A FERONIA-Like Receptor Kinase Regulates Strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa) Fruit Ripening and Quality Formation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1099. [PMID: 28702036 PMCID: PMC5487432 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ripening of fleshy fruits is controlled by a series of intricate signaling processes. Here, we report a FERONIA/FER-like receptor kinase, FaMRLK47, that regulates both strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruit ripening and quality formation. Overexpression and RNAi-mediated downregulation of FaMRLK47 delayed and accelerated fruit ripening, respectively. We showed that FaMRLK47 physically interacts with FaABI1, a negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, and demonstrated that FaMRLK47 regulates fruit ripening by modulating ABA signaling, a major pathway governing strawberry fruit ripening. In accordance with these findings, overexpression and RNAi-mediated downregulation of FaMRLK47 caused a decrease and increase, respectively, in the ABA-induced expression of a series of ripening-related genes. Additionally, overexpression and RNAi-mediated downregulation of FaMRLK47 resulted in an increase and decrease in sucrose content, respectively, as compared with control fruits, and respectively promoted and inhibited the expression of genes in the sucrose biosynthesis pathway (FaSS and FaSPS). Collectively, this study demonstrates that FaMRLK47 is an important regulator of strawberry fruit ripening and quality formation, and sheds light on the signaling mechanisms underlying strawberry fruit development and ripening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bingbing Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Wensuo Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
272
|
Álvarez-Flórez F, López-Cristoffanini C, Jáuregui O, Melgarejo LM, López-Carbonell M. Changes in ABA, IAA and JA levels during calyx, fruit and leaves development in cape gooseberry plants (Physalis peruviana L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 115:174-182. [PMID: 28371691 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Changes in abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and jasmonic acid (JA) content in developing calyx, fruits and leaves of Physalis peruviana L. plants were analysed. Plant hormones have been widely studied for their roles in the regulation of various aspects related to plant development and, in particular, into their action during development and ripening of fleshly fruits. The obtained evidences suggest that the functions of these hormones are no restricted to a particular development stage, and more than one hormone is involved in controlling various aspects of plant development. Our results will contribute to understand the role of these hormones during growth and development of calyx, fruits and leaves in cape gooseberry plants. This work offers a good, quickly and efficiently protocol to extract and quantify simultaneously ABA, IAA and JA in different tissues of cape gooseberry plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Álvarez-Flórez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - C López-Cristoffanini
- Department of Evolutive Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Plant Physiology Section, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - O Jáuregui
- Unitat de Tècniques Separatives, Centre Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L M Melgarejo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M López-Carbonell
- Department of Evolutive Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Plant Physiology Section, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
273
|
Li T, Xu Y, Zhang L, Ji Y, Tan D, Yuan H, Wang A. The Jasmonate-Activated Transcription Factor MdMYC2 Regulates ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR and Ethylene Biosynthetic Genes to Promote Ethylene Biosynthesis during Apple Fruit Ripening. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:1316-1334. [PMID: 28550149 PMCID: PMC5502464 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone ethylene is critical for ripening in climacteric fruits, including apple (Malus domestica). Jasmonate (JA) promotes ethylene biosynthesis in apple fruit, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. Here, we found that JA-induced ethylene production in apple fruit is dependent on the expression of MdACS1, an ACC synthase gene involved in ethylene biosynthesis. The expression of MdMYC2, encoding a transcription factor involved in the JA signaling pathway, was enhanced by MeJA treatment in apple fruits, and MdMYC2 directly bound to the promoters of both MdACS1 and the ACC oxidase gene MdACO1 and enhanced their transcription. Furthermore, MdMYC2 bound to the promoter of MdERF3, encoding a transcription factor involved in the ethylene-signaling pathway, thereby activating MdACS1 transcription. We also found that MdMYC2 interacted with MdERF2, a suppressor of MdERF3 and MdACS1 This protein interaction prevented MdERF2 from interacting with MdERF3 and from binding to the MdACS1 promoter, leading to increased transcription of MdACS1 Collectively, these results indicate that JA promotes ethylene biosynthesis through the regulation of MdERFs and ethylene biosynthetic genes by MdMYC2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yaxiu Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yinglin Ji
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Dongmei Tan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Aide Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| |
Collapse
|
274
|
Jiang G, Yan H, Wu F, Zhang D, Zeng W, Qu H, Chen F, Tan L, Duan X, Jiang Y. Litchi Fruit LcNAC1 is a Target of LcMYC2 and Regulator of Fruit Senescence Through its Interaction with LcWRKY1. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1075-1089. [PMID: 28419348 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a key factor resulting in deterioration of non-climacteric fruit. NAC transcription factors are important regulators in plant development and abiotic stress responses, yet little information regarding the role of NACs in regulating non-climacteric fruit senescence is available. In this study, we cloned 13 NAC genes from litchi (Litchi chinensis) fruit, and analyzed subcellular localization and expression profiles of these genes during post-harvest natural and low-temperature-delayed senescence. Of the 13 NAC genes, expression of LcNAC1 was up-regulated in the pericarp and pulp as senescence progressed, and was significantly higher in senescence-delayed fruit than that in naturally senescent fruit. LcNAC1 was induced by exogenous ABA and hydrogen peroxide. Yeast one-hybrid analysis and transient dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that LcNAC1 was positively regulated by the LcMYC2 transcription factor. LcNAC1 activated the expression of LcAOX1a, a gene associated with reactive oxygen species regulation and energy metabolism, whereas LcWRKY1 repressed LcAOX1a expression. In addition, LcNAC1 interacted with LcWRKY1 in vitro and in vivo. These results indicated that LcNAC1 and LcWRKY1 form a complex to regulate the expression of LcAOX1a antagonistically. Taken together, the results reveal a hierarchical and co-ordinated regulatory network in senescence of harvested litchi fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuwang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioScience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Hongxia Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Li Tan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center (CCRC), University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Xuewu Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
275
|
Wang L, Hua Q, Ma Y, Hu G, Qin Y. Comparative transcriptome analyses of a late-maturing mandarin mutant and its original cultivar reveals gene expression profiling associated with citrus fruit maturation. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3343. [PMID: 28533983 PMCID: PMC5438589 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Characteristics of late maturity in fruit are good agronomic traits for extending the harvest period and marketing time. However, underlying molecular basis of the late-maturing mechanism in fruit is largely unknown. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to late-maturing characteristics from a late-maturing mutant 'Huawan Wuzishatangju' (HWWZSTJ) (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and its original line 'Wuzishatangju' (WZSTJ). A total of approximately 17.0 Gb and 84.2 M paried-end reads were obtained. DEGs were significantly enriched in the pathway of photosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, chlorophyll and abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism. Thirteen candidate transcripts related to chlorophyll metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis and ABA metabolism were analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) at all fruit maturing stages of HWWZSTJ and WZSTJ. Chlorophyllase (CLH) and divinyl reductase (DVR) from chlorophyll metabolism, phytoene synthase (PSY) and capsanthin/capsorubin synthase (CCS) from carotenoid biosynthesis, and abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase (AB1) and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED1) from ABA metabolism were cloned and analyzed. The expression pattern of NCED1 indicated its role in the late-maturing characteristics of HWWZSTJ. There were 270 consecutive bases missing in HWWZSTJ in comparison with full-length sequences of NCED1 cDNA from WZSTJ. Those results suggested that NCED1 might play an important role in the late maturity of HWWZSTJ. This study provides new information on complex process that results in the late maturity of Citrus fruit at the transcriptional level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Qingzhu Hua
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuewen Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guibing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
276
|
Bioinformatic and expression analyses on carotenoid dioxygenase genes in fruit development and abiotic stress responses in Fragaria vesca. Mol Genet Genomics 2017; 292:895-907. [PMID: 28444444 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid dioxygenases, including 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases (NCEDs) and carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs), can selectively cleave carotenoids into various apocarotenoid products that play important roles in fleshy fruit development and abiotic stress response. In this study, we identified 12 carotenoid dioxygenase genes in diploid strawberry Fragaria vesca, and explored their evolution with orthologous genes from nine other species. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that the NCED and CCDL groups moderately expanded during their evolution, whereas gene numbers of the CCD1, CCD4, CCD7, and CCD8 groups maintained conserved. We characterized the expression profiles of FveNCED and FveCCD genes during flower and fruit development, and in response to several abiotic stresses. FveNCED1 expression positively responded to osmotic, cold, and heat stresses, whereas FveNCED2 was only induced under cold stress. In contrast, FveNCED2 was the unique gene highly and continuously increasing in receptacle during fruit ripening, which co-occurred with the increase in endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) content previously reported in octoploid strawberry. The differential expression patterns suggested that FveNCED1 and FveNCED2 were key genes for ABA biosynthesis in abiotic stress responses and fruit ripening, respectively. FveCCD1 exhibited the highest expression in most stages of flower and fruit development, while the other FveCCDs were expressed in a subset of stages and tissues. Our study suggests distinct functions of FveNCED and FveCCD genes in fruit development and stress responses and lays a foundation for future study to understand the roles of these genes and their metabolites, including ABA and other apocarotenoid products, in the growth and development of strawberry.
Collapse
|
277
|
Li Y, Dai C, Hu C, Liu Z, Kang C. Global identification of alternative splicing via comparative analysis of SMRT- and Illumina-based RNA-seq in strawberry. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:164-176. [PMID: 27997733 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is a key post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism, yet little information is known about its roles in fruit crops. Here, AS was globally analyzed in the wild strawberry Fragaria vesca genome with RNA-seq data derived from different stages of fruit development. The AS landscape was characterized and compared between the single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) and Illumina RNA-seq platform. While SMRT has a lower sequencing depth, it identifies more genes undergoing AS (57.67% of detected multiexon genes) when it is compared with Illumina (33.48%), illustrating the efficacy of SMRT in AS identification. We investigated different modes of AS in the context of fruit development; the percentage of intron retention (IR) is markedly reduced whereas that of alternative acceptor sites (AA) is significantly increased post-fertilization when compared with pre-fertilization. When all the identified transcripts were combined, a total of 66.43% detected multiexon genes in strawberry undergo AS, some of which lead to a gain or loss of conserved domains in the gene products. The work demonstrates that SMRT sequencing is highly powerful in AS discovery and provides a rich data resource for later functional studies of different isoforms. Further, shifting AS modes may contribute to rapid changes of gene expression during fruit set.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cheng Dai
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chungen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Chunying Kang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
278
|
Exploring the Functions of 9-Lipoxygenase (DkLOX3) in Ultrastructural Changes and Hormonal Stress Response during Persimmon Fruit Storage. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030589. [PMID: 28294971 PMCID: PMC5372605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenase (LOX) initiates the hydroperoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and is involved in multiple physiological processes. In this study, investigation of various microscopic techniques showed that the fruit peel cellular microstructure of the two persimmon cultivars differed after 12 days of storage, resulting in fruit weight loss and an increased number and depth of microcracks. Analysis of subcellular localization revealed that greater amounts of DkLOX3-immunolabelled gold particles accumulated in “Fupingjianshi” than in “Ganmaokui” during storage. In addition, the expression of DkLOX3 was positively up-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA), concomitant with the promotion of ethylene synthesis and loss of firmness, and was suppressed by salicylic acid (SA), concomitant with the maintenance of fruit firmness, inhibition of ethylene production and weight loss. In particular, the expression of DkLOX3 differed from the ethylene trajectory after methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Furthermore, we isolated a 1105 bp 5′ flanking region of DkLOX3 and the activity of promoter deletion derivatives was induced through various hormonal treatments. Promoter sequence cis-regulatory elements were analysed, and two conserved hormone-responsive elements were found to be essential for responsiveness to hormonal stress. Overall, these results will provide us with new clues for exploring the functions of DkLOX3 in fruit ripening and hormonal stress response.
Collapse
|
279
|
Jia H, Xie Z, Wang C, Shangguan L, Qian N, Cui M, Liu Z, Zheng T, Wang M, Fang J. Abscisic acid, sucrose, and auxin coordinately regulate berry ripening process of the Fujiminori grape. Funct Integr Genomics 2017; 17:441-457. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-017-0546-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
280
|
Wang QH, Zhao C, Zhang M, Li YZ, Shen YY, Guo JX. Transcriptome analysis around the onset of strawberry fruit ripening uncovers an important role of oxidative phosphorylation in ripening. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41477. [PMID: 28195221 PMCID: PMC5307319 DOI: 10.1038/srep41477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although much progress has been made towards understanding the ripening of non-climacteric fruit using the strawberry as a model plant, the defined molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, RNA-sequencing was performed using four cDNA libraries around the onset of ripening, and a total of 31,793 unigenes and 335 pathways were annotated including the top five pathways, which were involved in ribosome, spliceosome, protein processing, plant-pathogen interaction and plant hormone signaling, and the important DEGs related to ripening were annotated to be mainly involved in protein translation and processing, sugar metabolism, energy metabolism, phytohormones, antioxidation, pigment and softening, especially finding a decreased trend of oxidative phosphorylation during red-coloring. VIGS-mediated downregulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase gene PDHE1α, a key gene for glycolysis-derived oxidative phosphorylation, could inhibit respiration and ATP biosynthesis, whilst promote the accumulation of sugar, ABA, ETH, and PA, ultimately accelerating the ripening. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that a set of metabolism transition occurred during green-to-white-to-red stages that are coupled with more-to-less DEGs, and the oxidative phosphorylation plays an important role in the regulation of ripening. On the basis of our results, we discuss an oxidative phosphorylation-based model underlying strawberry fruit ripening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Beijing Yuanquanyike Biological Technology Company, Beijing 100197, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Li
- Water Resources and Dryland Farming Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yue Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| |
Collapse
|
281
|
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Effects of Exogenous Hematin on Anthocyanin Biosynthesis during Strawberry Fruit Ripening. Int J Genomics 2017; 2016:6762731. [PMID: 28074176 PMCID: PMC5198259 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6762731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanin in strawberries has a positive effect on fruit coloration. In this study, the role of exogenous hematin on anthocyanin biosynthesis was investigated. Our result showed that the white stage of strawberries treated with exogenous hematin had higher anthocyanin content, compared to the control group. Among all treatments, 5 μM of hematin was the optimal condition to promote color development. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of fruit coloring regulated by hematin, transcriptomes in the hematin- and non-hematin-treated fruit were analyzed. A large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in regulating anthocyanin synthesis, including the DEGs involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, hormone signaling transduction, phytochrome signaling, starch and sucrose degradation, and transcriptional pathways. These regulatory networks may play an important role in regulating the color process of strawberries treated with hematin. In summary, exogenous hematin could promote fruit coloring by increasing anthocyanin content in the white stage of strawberries. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis suggests that hematin-promoted fruit coloring occurs through multiple related metabolic pathways, which provides valuable information for regulating fruit color via anthocyanin biosynthesis in strawberries.
Collapse
|
282
|
Zhao C, Hua LN, Liu XF, Li YZ, Shen YY, Guo JX. Sucrose synthase FaSS1 plays an important role in the regulation of strawberry fruit ripening. PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2017. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s10725-016-0189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
|
283
|
Carvalho DRA, Vasconcelos MW, Lee S, Koning-Boucoiran CFS, Vreugdenhil D, Krens FA, Heuvelink E, Carvalho SMP. Gene expression and physiological responses associated to stomatal functioning in Rosa×hybrida grown at high relative air humidity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 253:154-163. [PMID: 27968984 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High relative air humidity (RH≥85%) during growth disturbs stomatal functioning, resulting in excessive water loss in conditions of high evaporative demand. We investigated the expression of nine abscisic acid (ABA)-related genes (involved in ABA biosynthesis, oxidation and conjugation) and two non-ABA related genes (involved in the water stress response) aiming to better understand the mechanisms underlying contrasting stomatal functioning in plants grown at high RH. Four rose genotypes with contrasting sensitivity to high RH (one sensitive, one tolerant and two intermediate) were grown at moderate (62±3%) or high (89±4%) RH. The sensitive genotype grown at high RH showed a significantly higher stomatal conductance (gs) and water loss in response to closing stimuli as compared to the other genotypes. Moreover, high RH reduced the leaf ABA concentration and its metabolites to a greater extent in the sensitive genotype as compared to the tolerant one. The large majority of the studied genes had a relevant role on stomatal functioning (NCED1, UGT75B2, BG2, OST1, ABF3 and Rh-APX) while two others showed a minor contribution (CYP707A3 and BG1) and AAO3, CYP707A1 and DREB1B did not contribute to the tolerance trait. These results show that multiple genes form a highly complex regulatory network acting together towards the genotypic tolerance to high RH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dália R A Carvalho
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marta W Vasconcelos
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sangseok Lee
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Plant Physiology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; Gyeongsangbuk-Do Agricultural Research & Extension Services, 136 Gil-14, Chilgokiungang-Daero, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Carole F S Koning-Boucoiran
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Plant Breeding, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Vreugdenhil
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Plant Physiology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans A Krens
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Plant Breeding, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ep Heuvelink
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Horticulture and Product Physiology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susana M P Carvalho
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal; Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Horticulture and Product Physiology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; GreenUP/CITAB-UP & DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 7. 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
284
|
Villarreal NM, Marina M, Nardi CF, Civello PM, Martínez GA. Novel insights of ethylene role in strawberry cell wall metabolism. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 252:1-11. [PMID: 27717444 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to its organoleptic and nutraceutical qualities, strawberry fruit (Fragaria x ananassa, Duch) is a worldwide important commodity. The role of ethylene in the regulation of strawberry cell wall metabolism was studied in fruit from Toyonoka cultivar harvested at white stage, when most changes associated with fruit ripening have begun. Fruit were treated with ethephon, an ethylene-releasing reagent, or with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), a competitive inhibitor of ethylene action, maintaining a set of non-treated fruit as controls for each condition. Ethephon treated-fruit showed higher contents of hemicelluloses, cellulose and neutral sugars regarding controls, while 1-MCP-treated fruit showed a lower amount of those fractions. On the other hand, ethephon-treated fruit presented a lower quantity of galacturonic acid from ionically and covalently bound pectins regarding controls, while 1-MCP-treated fruit showed higher contents of those components. We also explored the ethylene effect over the mRNA accumulation of genes related to pectins and hemicelluloses metabolism, and a relationship between gene expression patterns and cell wall polysaccharides contents was shown. Moreover, we detected that strawberry necrotrophic pathogens growth more easily on plates containing cell walls from ethephon-treated fruit regarding controls, while a lower growth rate was observed when cell walls from 1-MCP treated fruit were used as the only carbon source, suggesting an effect of ethylene on cell wall structure. Around 60% of strawberry cell wall is made up of pectins, which in turns is 70% made by homogalacturonans. Our findings support the idea of a central role for pectins on strawberry fruit softening and a participation of ethylene in the regulation of this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M Villarreal
- IIB-INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Avenida Intendente Marino km 8,2 (B7130IWA) Chascomús, Pcia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Marina
- IIB-INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Avenida Intendente Marino km 8,2 (B7130IWA) Chascomús, Pcia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina F Nardi
- IIB-INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Avenida Intendente Marino km 8,2 (B7130IWA) Chascomús, Pcia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro M Civello
- INFIVE (CONICET-UNLP), Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Diag. 113 y Calle 61, n°495-C.c 327, 1900 La Plata, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Martínez
- IIB-INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Avenida Intendente Marino km 8,2 (B7130IWA) Chascomús, Pcia, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
285
|
|
286
|
Jia H, Zhang C, Pervaiz T, Zhao P, Liu Z, Wang B, Wang C, Zhang L, Fang J, Qian J. Jasmonic acid involves in grape fruit ripening and resistant against Botrytis cinerea. Funct Integr Genomics 2016; 16:79-94. [PMID: 26498957 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-015-0468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a complex process that is regulated by a signal network. Whereas the regulatory mechanism of abscisic acid has been studied extensively in non-climacteric fruit, little is know about other signaling pathways involved in this process. In this study, we performed that plant hormone jasmonic acid plays an important role in grape fruit coloring and softening by increasing the transcription levels of several ripening-related genes, such as the color-related genes PAL1, DFR, CHI, F3H, GST, CHS, and UFGT; softening-related genes PG, PL, PE, Cell, EG1, and XTH1; and aroma-related genes Ecar, QR, and EGS. Lastly, the fruit anthocyanin, phenol, aroma, and cell wall materials were changed. Jasmonic acid positively regulated its biosynthesis pathway genes LOS, AOS, and 12-oxophytodienoate reductase (OPR) and signal pathway genes COI1 and JMT. RNA interference of grape jasmonic acid pathway gene VvAOS in strawberry fruit appeared fruit un-coloring phenotypes; exogenous jasmonic acid rescued this phenotypes. On the contrary, overexpression of grape jasmonic acid receptor VvCOI1 in the strawberry fruit accelerated the fruit-ripening process and induced some plant defense-related gene expression level. Furthermore, jasmonic acid treatment or strong jasmonic acid signal pathway in strawberry fruit make the fruit resistance against Botrytis cinerea.
Collapse
|
287
|
Gordon CS, Rajagopalan N, Risseeuw EP, Surpin M, Ball FJ, Barber CJ, Buhrow LM, Clark SM, Page JE, Todd CD, Abrams SR, Loewen MC. Characterization of Triticum aestivum Abscisic Acid Receptors and a Possible Role for These in Mediating Fusairum Head Blight Susceptibility in Wheat. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164996. [PMID: 27755583 PMCID: PMC5068739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a well-characterized plant hormone, known to mediate developmental aspects as well as both abiotic and biotic stress responses. Notably, the exogenous application of ABA has recently been shown to increase susceptibility to the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum, the causative agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat and other cereals. However roles and mechanisms associated with ABA's modulation of pathogen responses remain enigmatic. Here the identification of putative ABA receptors from available genomic databases for Triticum aestivum (bread wheat) and Brachypodium distachyon (a model cereal) are reported. A number of these were cloned for recombinant expression and their functionality as ABA receptors confirmed by in vitro assays against protein phosphatases Type 2Cs. Ligand selectivity profiling of one of the wheat receptors (Ta_PYL2DS_FL) highlighted unique activities compared to Arabidopsis AtPYL5. Mutagenic analysis showed Ta_PYL2DS_FL amino acid D180 as being a critical contributor to this selectivity. Subsequently, a virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach was used to knockdown wheat Ta_PYL4AS_A (and similar) in planta, yielding plants with increased early stage resistance to FHB progression and decreased mycotoxin accumulation. Together these results confirm the existence of a family of ABA receptors in wheat and Brachypodium and present insight into factors modulating receptor function at the molecular level. That knockdown of Ta_PYL4AS_A (and similar) leads to early stage FHB resistance highlights novel targets for investigation in the future development of disease resistant crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron S. Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | | | - Eddy P. Risseeuw
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Marci Surpin
- Valent BioSciences Corporation, 870 Technology Way, Libertyville, Illinois, 60048, United States of America
| | - Fraser J. Ball
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Carla J. Barber
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Leann M. Buhrow
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Shawn M. Clark
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Jonathan E. Page
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Chris D. Todd
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Suzanne R. Abrams
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Michele C. Loewen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
288
|
Jia H, Jiu S, Zhang C, Wang C, Tariq P, Liu Z, Wang B, Cui L, Fang J. Abscisic acid and sucrose regulate tomato and strawberry fruit ripening through the abscisic acid-stress-ripening transcription factor. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:2045-65. [PMID: 27005823 PMCID: PMC5043491 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although great progress has been made towards understanding the role of abscisic acid (ABA) and sucrose in fruit ripening, the mechanisms underlying the ABA and sucrose signalling pathways remain elusive. In this study, transcription factor ABA-stress-ripening (ASR), which is involved in the transduction of ABA and sucrose signalling pathways, was isolated and analysed in the nonclimacteric fruit, strawberry and the climacteric fruit, tomato. We have identified four ASR isoforms in tomato and one in strawberry. All ASR sequences contained the ABA stress- and ripening-induced proteins and water-deficit stress-induced proteins (ABA/WDS) domain and all ASR transcripts showed increased expression during fruit development. The expression of the ASR gene was influenced not only by sucrose and ABA, but also by jasmonic acid (JA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and these four factors were correlated with each other during fruit development. ASR bound the hexose transporter (HT) promoter, which contained a sugar box that activated downstream gene expression. Overexpression of the ASR gene promoted fruit softening and ripening, whereas RNA interference delayed fruit ripening, as well as affected fruit physiological changes. Change in ASR gene expression influenced the expression of several ripening-related genes such as CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, ANS, UFGT, PG, PL, EXP1/2, XET16, Cel1/2 and PME. Taken together, this study may provide new evidence on the important role of ASR in cross-signalling between ABA and sucrose to regulate tomato and strawberry fruit ripening. The findings of this study also provide new insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying fruit development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Songtao Jiu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pervaiz Tariq
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoju Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liwen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
289
|
Medina-Puche L, Blanco-Portales R, Molina-Hidalgo FJ, Cumplido-Laso G, García-Caparrós N, Moyano-Cañete E, Caballero-Repullo JL, Muñoz-Blanco J, Rodríguez-Franco A. Extensive transcriptomic studies on the roles played by abscisic acid and auxins in the development and ripening of strawberry fruits. Funct Integr Genomics 2016; 16:671-692. [PMID: 27614432 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-016-0510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Strawberry is an ideal model for studying the molecular biology of the development and ripening of non-climacteric fruits. Hormonal regulation of gene expression along all these processes in strawberries is still to be fully elucidated. Although auxins and ABA have been pointed out as the major regulatory hormones, few high-throughput analyses have been carried out to date. The role for ethylene and gibberellins as regulatory hormones during the development and ripening of the strawberry fruit remain still elusive. By using a custom-made and high-quality oligo microarray platform done with over 32,000 probes including all of the genes actually described in the strawberry genome, we have analysed the expression of genes during the development and ripening in the receptacles of these fruits. We classify these genes into two major groups depending upon their temporal and developmental expression. First group are genes induced during the initial development stages. The second group encompasses genes induced during the final maturation and ripening processes. Each of these two groups has been also divided into four sub-groups according their pattern of hormonal regulation. By analyzing gene expression, we clearly show that auxins and ABA are the main and key hormones that combined or independently are responsible of the development and ripening process. Auxins are responsible for the receptacle fruit development and, at the same time¸ prevent ripening by repressing crucial genes. ABA regulates the expression of the vast majority of genes involved in the ripening. The main genes expressed under the control of these hormones are presented and their physiological rule discussed. We also conclude that ethylene and gibberellins do not seem to play a prominent role during these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Medina-Puche
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rosario Blanco-Portales
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Molina-Hidalgo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Cumplido-Laso
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nicolás García-Caparrós
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Moyano-Cañete
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Luis Caballero-Repullo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Muñoz-Blanco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Franco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
290
|
Rosianskey Y, Dahan Y, Yadav S, Freiman ZE, Milo-Cochavi S, Kerem Z, Eyal Y, Flaishman MA. Chlorophyll metabolism in pollinated vs. parthenocarpic fig fruits throughout development and ripening. PLANTA 2016; 244:491-504. [PMID: 27097639 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Expression of 13 genes encoding chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation was evaluated. Chlorophyll degradation was differentially regulated in pollinated and parthenocarpic fig fruits, leading to earlier chlorophyll degradation in parthenocarpic fruits. Varieties of the common fig typically yield a commercial summer crop that requires no pollination, although it can be pollinated. Fig fruit pollination results in larger fruit size, greener skin and darker interior inflorescence color, and slows the ripening process compared to non-pollinated fruits. We evaluated the effect of pollination on chlorophyll content and levels of transcripts encoding enzymes of the chlorophyll metabolism in fruits of the common fig 'Brown Turkey'. We cloned and evaluated the expression of 13 different genes. All 13 genes showed high expression in the fruit skin, inflorescences and leaves, but extremely low expression in roots. Pollination delayed chlorophyll breakdown in the ripening fruit skin and inflorescences. This was correlated with the expression of genes encoding enzymes in the chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation pathways. Expression of pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO) was strongly negatively correlated with chlorophyll levels during ripening in pollinated fruits; along with its high expression levels in yellow leaves, this supports a pivotal role for PAO in chlorophyll degradation in figs. Normalizing expression levels of all chlorophyll metabolism genes in the pollinated and parthenocarpic fruit skin and inflorescences showed three synthesis (FcGluTR1, FcGluTR2 and FcCLS1) and three degradation (FcCLH1, FcCLH2 and FcRCCR1) genes with different temporal expression in the pollinated vs. parthenocarpic fruit skin and inflorescences. FcCAO also showed different expressions in the parthenocarpic fruit skin. Thus, chlorophyll degradation is differentially regulated in the pollinated and parthenocarpic fruit skin and inflorescences, leading to earlier and more sustained chlorophyll degradation in the parthenocarpic fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogev Rosianskey
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 6, Bet-Dagan, 50250, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yardena Dahan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 6, Bet-Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Sharawan Yadav
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 6, Bet-Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Zohar E Freiman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 6, Bet-Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Shira Milo-Cochavi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 6, Bet-Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Zohar Kerem
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoram Eyal
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 6, Bet-Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Moshe A Flaishman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 6, Bet-Dagan, 50250, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
291
|
Li D, Mou W, Luo Z, Li L, Limwachiranon J, Mao L, Ying T. Developmental and stress regulation on expression of a novel miRNA, Fan-miR73, and its target ABI5 in strawberry. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28385. [PMID: 27325048 PMCID: PMC4914977 DOI: 10.1038/srep28385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a critical plant hormone for fruit ripening and adaptive stress responses in strawberry. Previous high-throughput sequencing results indicated that ABA-insensitive (ABI)5, an important transcription factor in the ABA signaling pathway, was a target for a novel microRNA (miRNA), Fan-miR73. In the present study, exogenous ABA treatment was found to accelerate fruit ripening through differentially regulating the transcripts of ABA metabolism and signal transduction related genes, including NCED1, PYR1, ABI1, and SnRK2.2. Expression of Fan-miR73 was down-regulated in response to exogenous ABA treatment in a dosage-dependent manner, which resulted in an accumulation of ABI5 transcripts in the ripening-accelerated fruits. In addition, both UV-B radiation and salinity stress reduced the transcript levels of Fan-miR73, whereas promoted ABI5 expression. Furthermore, high negative correlations between the transcriptional abundance of Fan-miR73 and ABI5 were observed during ripening and in response to stress stimuli. These results enriched the possible regulatory role of miRNA involved in the post-transcriptional modification of ABI5 during strawberry ripening, as well as responses to environmental stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wangshu Mou
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jarukitt Limwachiranon
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linchun Mao
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiejin Ying
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
292
|
Espinoza A, Contreras R, Zúñiga GE, Herrera R, Moya-León MA, Norambuena L, Handford M. FcLDP1, a Gene Encoding a Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) Domain Protein, Responds to Brassinosteroids and Abscisic Acid during the Development of Fruits in Fragaria chiloensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:788. [PMID: 27379111 PMCID: PMC4905986 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
White Chilean strawberries (Fragaria chiloensis) are non-climacteric fruits, with an exotic color and aroma. In order to discover genes involved in the development of these fruits, we identified a fragment of a gene encoding a late embryogenesis abundant domain protein, FcLDP1, that was expressed in early stages of fruit development, particularly in receptacles. Hormones play key roles in regulating the development of non-climacteric fruits. We show that the brassinosteroid content of the white strawberry varies during development. Additionally, FcLDP1 as well as the closest ortholog in the woodland strawberry, F. vesca (FvLDP1) possess multiple brassinosteroid, as well as abscisic acid (ABA) response motifs in the promoter region, consistent with the response of transiently expressed FcLDP1 promoter-GFP fusions to these hormones, and the rise in FcLDP1 transcript levels in white strawberry fruits treated with brassinosteroids or ABA. These findings suggest that both hormones regulate FcLDP1 expression during the development of white strawberries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Analía Espinoza
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Contreras
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileSantiago, Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Gustavo E. Zúñiga
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileSantiago, Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Herrera
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y Genética Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de TalcaTalca, Chile
| | - María Alejandra Moya-León
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y Genética Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de TalcaTalca, Chile
| | - Lorena Norambuena
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Michael Handford
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
293
|
Karppinen K, Zoratti L, Nguyenquynh N, Häggman H, Jaakola L. On the Developmental and Environmental Regulation of Secondary Metabolism in Vaccinium spp. Berries. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:655. [PMID: 27242856 PMCID: PMC4870239 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites have important defense and signaling roles, and they contribute to the overall quality of developing and ripening fruits. Blueberries, bilberries, cranberries, and other Vaccinium berries are fleshy berry fruits recognized for the high levels of bioactive compounds, especially anthocyanin pigments. Besides anthocyanins and other products of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways, these berries also contain other metabolites of interest, such as carotenoid derivatives, vitamins and flavor compounds. Recently, new information has been achieved on the mechanisms related with developmental, environmental, and genetic factors involved in the regulation of secondary metabolism in Vaccinium fruits. Especially light conditions and temperature are demonstrated to have a prominent role on the composition of phenolic compounds. The present review focuses on the studies on mechanisms associated with the regulation of key secondary metabolites, mainly phenolic compounds, in Vaccinium berries. The advances in the research concerning biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in Vaccinium species, including specific studies with mutant genotypes in addition to controlled and field experiments on the genotype × environment (G×E) interaction, are discussed. The recently published Vaccinium transcriptome and genome databases provide new tools for the studies on the metabolic routes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Karppinen
- Genetics and Physiology Unit, University of Oulu, OuluFinland
- Climate laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, TromsøNorway
| | - Laura Zoratti
- Genetics and Physiology Unit, University of Oulu, OuluFinland
| | - Nga Nguyenquynh
- Genetics and Physiology Unit, University of Oulu, OuluFinland
| | - Hely Häggman
- Genetics and Physiology Unit, University of Oulu, OuluFinland
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Climate laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, TromsøNorway
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, ÅsNorway
| |
Collapse
|
294
|
Genome-Wide Analysis of the Expression of WRKY Family Genes in Different Developmental Stages of Wild Strawberry (Fragaria vesca) Fruit. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154312. [PMID: 27138272 PMCID: PMC4854424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
WRKY proteins play important regulatory roles in plant developmental processes such as senescence, trichome initiation and embryo morphogenesis. In strawberry, only FaWRKY1 (Fragaria × ananassa) has been characterized, leaving numerous WRKY genes to be identified and their function characterized. The publication of the draft genome sequence of the strawberry genome allowed us to conduct a genome-wide search for WRKY proteins in Fragaria vesca, and to compare the identified proteins with their homologs in model plants. Fifty-nine FvWRKY genes were identified and annotated from the F. vesca genome. Detailed analysis, including gene classification, annotation, phylogenetic evaluation, conserved motif determination and expression profiling, based on RNA-seq data, were performed on all members of the family. Additionally, the expression patterns of the WRKY genes in different fruit developmental stages were further investigated using qRT-PCR, to provide a foundation for further comparative genomics and functional studies of this important class of transcriptional regulators in strawberry.
Collapse
|
295
|
Vondras AM, Gouthu S, Schmidt JA, Petersen AR, Deluc LG. The contribution of flowering time and seed content to uneven ripening initiation among fruits within Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir clusters. PLANTA 2016; 243:1191-202. [PMID: 26874729 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ripening initiation-associated hormonal changes and sugar accumulation for individual fruits differed by seed content and did not depend heavily on flowering time or duration from anthesis to clusters' onset of ripening. For Vitis vinifera, the ripening initiation of individual fruits in a cluster occurs unevenly. This developmental period is called véraison. Why individual fruits initiate ripening at different times is not well studied, though differences in seed content and unequal developmental durations that arise from asynchronous flowering within a cluster have been proposed. This study examined how much both variables contribute to individual fruits' ripening progress by mid-véraison, when half of berries in a cluster have initiated ripening, and whether either or both factors affect the timing of characteristic, ripening-initiation associated changes in abscisic acid and auxin before, at, and after véraison. Overall, developmental duration and flowering time did not sufficiently explain how far berries had progressed into the ripening stage because fruits did not require a fixed amount of time to initiate ripening. Fruits from early and late flowers but of similar seed content were able to initiate ripening at the same time despite differences in chronological age. This suggests either an early developmental enhancement occurred for late-initiated fruits or that flowering time is an inappropriate "day zero". Ultimately, only seed content was linked to the timing and magnitude of ripening-related hormone changes, supporting that seeds have a comparatively larger influence than flowering time on the ripening initiation of individual berries. More specifically, if the fraction of berry weight occupied by seed was high, then the initiation of ripening for that berry and its associated hormone changes were delayed relative to berries with less seed weight versus total berry weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Vondras
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Gouthu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Joseph A Schmidt
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Anna-Rose Petersen
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Laurent G Deluc
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
296
|
Karppinen K, Zoratti L, Sarala M, Carvalho E, Hirsimäki J, Mentula H, Martens S, Häggman H, Jaakola L. Carotenoid metabolism during bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit development under different light conditions is regulated by biosynthesis and degradation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:95. [PMID: 27098458 PMCID: PMC4839083 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0785-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotenoids are important pigments and precursors for central signaling molecules associated in fruit development and ripening. Carotenoid metabolism has been studied especially in the climacteric tomato fruit but the content of carotenoids and the regulation of their metabolism have been shown to be highly variable between fruit species. Non-climacteric berries of the genus Vaccinium are among the best natural sources of health-beneficial flavonoids but not studied previously for carotenoid biosynthesis. RESULTS In this study, carotenoid biosynthetic genes, PSY, PDS, ZDS, CRTISO, LCYB, LCYE, BCH and CYP450-BCH, as well as a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase CCD1 were identified from bilberry (V. myrtillus L.) fruit and their expression was studied along with carotenoid composition during fruit development under different photoperiod and light quality conditions. Bilberry was found to be a good source of carotenoids among fruits and berries. The most abundant carotenoids throughout the berry development were lutein and β-carotene, which were accompanied by lower amounts of 9Z-β-carotene, violaxanthin, neoxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin. The expression patterns of the biosynthetic genes in ripening fruits indicated a metabolic flux towards β-branch of the carotenoid pathway. However, the carotenoid levels decreased in both the β-branch and ε,β-branch towards bilberry fruit ripening along with increased VmCCD1 expression, similarly to VmNCED1, indicating enzymatic carotenoid cleavage and degradation. Intense white light conditions increased the expression of the carotenoid biosynthetic genes but also the expression of the cleavage genes VmCCD1 and VmNCED1, especially in unripe fruits. Instead, mature bilberry fruits responded specifically to red/far-red light wavelengths by inducing the expression of both the carotenoid biosynthetic and the cleavage genes indicating tissue and developmental stage specific regulation of apocarotenoid formation by light quality. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of carotenoid biosynthesis in Vaccinium berries. Our results indicate that both transcriptional regulation of the key biosynthetic genes and the enzymatic degradation of the produced carotenoids to apocarotenoids have significant roles in the determination of the carotenoid content and have overall effect on the metabolism during the bilberry fruit ripening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Karppinen
- />Genetics and Physiology Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- />Climate laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Laura Zoratti
- />Genetics and Physiology Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Marian Sarala
- />Genetics and Physiology Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Elisabete Carvalho
- />Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Center, via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all’Adige, TN Italy
| | - Jenni Hirsimäki
- />Genetics and Physiology Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Helmi Mentula
- />Genetics and Physiology Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Stefan Martens
- />Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Center, via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all’Adige, TN Italy
| | - Hely Häggman
- />Genetics and Physiology Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Jaakola
- />Climate laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- />NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
297
|
Mou W, Li D, Bu J, Jiang Y, Khan ZU, Luo Z, Mao L, Ying T. Comprehensive Analysis of ABA Effects on Ethylene Biosynthesis and Signaling during Tomato Fruit Ripening. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154072. [PMID: 27100326 PMCID: PMC4839774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ABA has been widely acknowledged to regulate ethylene biosynthesis and signaling during fruit ripening, but the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between these two hormones are largely unexplored. In the present study, exogenous ABA treatment obviously promoted fruit ripening as well as ethylene emission, whereas NDGA (Nordihydroguaiaretic acid, an inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis) application showed the opposite biological effects. Combined RNA-seq with time-course RT-PCR analysis, our study not only helped to illustrate how ABA regulated itself at the transcription level, but also revealed that ABA can facilitate ethylene production and response probably by regulating some crucial genes such as LeACS4, LeACO1, GR and LeETR6. In addition, investigation on the fruits treated with 1-MCP immediately after ABA exposure revealed that ethylene might be essential for the induction of ABA biosynthesis and signaling at the onset of fruit ripening. Furthermore, some specific transcription factors (TFs) known as regulators of ethylene synthesis and sensibility (e.g. MADS-RIN, TAGL1, CNR and NOR) were also observed to be ABA responsive, which implied that ABA influenced ethylene action possibly through the regulation of these TFs expression. Our comprehensive physiological and molecular-level analysis shed light on the mechanism of cross-talk between ABA and ethylene during the process of tomato fruit ripening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangshu Mou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Bu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Ji’nan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zia Ullah Khan
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, KPK., Pakistan
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linchun Mao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiejin Ying
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
298
|
Luo P, Shen Y, Jin S, Huang S, Cheng X, Wang Z, Li P, Zhao J, Bao M, Ning G. Overexpression of Rosa rugosa anthocyanidin reductase enhances tobacco tolerance to abiotic stress through increased ROS scavenging and modulation of ABA signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 245:35-49. [PMID: 26940490 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins (PAs) and plays a role in the plant stress response. However, the mechanism by which ANR confers stress tolerance in plants is not understood. Here, we report the isolation of RrANR, the homologous gene from rose, and NtABF, an ABA-response related transcription factor gene from tobacco. These genes were characterized regarding their functions in stress responses through the use of transgenic, transcriptomic and physiological analyses. Over-expression of RrANR in tobacco resulted in an increased accumulation of both PAs and abscisic acid (ABA), and also enhanced stress tolerance. Transcriptomic analysis of these transgenic tobacco lines indicated that RrANR overexpression induced global transcriptomic changes, including these involved in oxidation/reduction, hormone response and secondary metabolism. Genes related to ABA biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging were up-regulated in RrANR transgenic lines, and these effects were phenocopied by the direct treatment of tobacco plants with PAs and ABA. Transcriptomic data from each of these treatments identified the upregulation of a putative NtABF. Furthermore, the up-regulation of NtABF in RrANR transformants or in PAs- and ABA-treated tobacco plants was associated with enhanced stress tolerance. Overexpression of NtABF in transgenic tobacco mimicked the effects of RrANR-transgenic plants with regard to the up-regulation of ROS-scavenging genes and an increase in oxidative tolerance. Taken together, our findings indicate that overexpression of RrANR results in an increase in plant tolerance to oxidative stress via increased scavenging of ROS and modulation of the ABA signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Luo
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yuxiao Shen
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National key laboratory of Crop Genetics and Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shasha Huang
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Penghui Li
- National key laboratory of Crop Genetics and Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jian Zhao
- National key laboratory of Crop Genetics and Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Guogui Ning
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
299
|
Meng C, Yang D, Ma X, Zhao W, Liang X, Ma N, Meng Q. Suppression of tomato SlNAC1 transcription factor delays fruit ripening. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 193:88-96. [PMID: 26962710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a complex process involving many physiological and biochemical changes, including those for ethylene, carotenoid, and cell wall metabolism. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) serves as a research model for fruit development and ripening because it possesses numerous favorable genetic features. In this study, SlNAC1 was cloned. An antisense (AS) vector was constructed and transferred to tomato to further explore the function of SlNAC1. The results showed that AS fruits exhibited delayed ripening and a deeper red appearance when these fruits were fully ripened. Fully ripened AS fruits also produced higher total carotenoid and lycopene contents than those of the wild-type (WT) line. Ethylene production of AS fruits was delayed but occurred to a higher extent than that of WT fruits. The softening of AS fruits was slower than that of WT fruits. Endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) level in AS-4 fruits was lower than that in WT fruits. Exogenous ABA accelerated the softening of AS fruits. Furthermore, AS fruits demonstrated up-regulated expression of genes related to lycopene and ethylene biosynthesis but down-regulated expression of genes related to cell wall metabolism and ABA synthesis. Therefore, SlNAC1 is likely implicated in fruit ripening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Dongyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xiaocui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Weiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Nana Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Qingwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
300
|
Zhang N, Sun Q, Li H, Li X, Cao Y, Zhang H, Li S, Zhang L, Qi Y, Ren S, Zhao B, Guo YD. Melatonin Improved Anthocyanin Accumulation by Regulating Gene Expressions and Resulted in High Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Capacity in Cabbage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:197. [PMID: 27047496 PMCID: PMC4804130 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
|