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Chazelas E, Deschasaux M, Srour B, Kesse-Guyot E, Julia C, Alles B, Druesne-Pecollo N, Galan P, Hercberg S, Latino-Martel P, Esseddik Y, Szabo F, Slamich P, Gigandet S, Touvier M. Food additives: distribution and co-occurrence in 126,000 food products of the French market. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3980. [PMID: 32132606 PMCID: PMC7055242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60948-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. More than 330 food additives (e.g. artificial sweeteners, emulsifiers, dyes) are authorized in Europe, with a great variability of use across food products. Objective. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution and co-occurrence of food additives in a large-scale database of foods and beverages available on the French market. Design. The open access crowdsourced Open Food Facts database (https://world.openfoodfacts.org/) was used to retrieve the composition of food and beverage products commonly marketed on the French market (n = 126,556), based on the ingredients list. Clustering of food additive variables was used in order to determine groups of additives frequently co-occurring in food products. The clusters were confirmed by network analysis, using the eLasso method. Results. Fifty-three-point eight percent of food products contained at least 1 food additive and 11.3% at least 5. Food categories most likely to contain food additives (in more than 85% of food items) were artificially sweetened beverages, ice creams, industrial sandwiches, biscuits and cakes. The most frequently used food additives were citric acid, lecithins and modified starches (>10,000 products each). Some food additives with suspected health effects also pertained to the top 50: sodium nitrite, potassium nitrate, carrageenan, monosodium glutamate, sulfite ammonia caramel, acesulfame K, sucralose, (di/tri/poly) phosphates, mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, potassium sorbate, cochineal, potassium metabisulphite, sodium alginate, and bixin (>800 food products each). We identified 6 clusters of food additives frequently co-occurring in food products. Conclusions. Food additives are widespread in industrial French products and some clusters of additives frequently co-occurring in food products were identified. These results pave the way to future etiological studies merging composition data to food consumption data to investigate their association with chronic disease risk, in particular potential ‘cocktail effects’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Chazelas
- Sorbonne Paris Nord - Paris 13 University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France.
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux
- Sorbonne Paris Nord - Paris 13 University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Bernard Srour
- Sorbonne Paris Nord - Paris 13 University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Sorbonne Paris Nord - Paris 13 University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Chantal Julia
- Sorbonne Paris Nord - Paris 13 University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France.,Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Benjamin Alles
- Sorbonne Paris Nord - Paris 13 University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo
- Sorbonne Paris Nord - Paris 13 University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Nord - Paris 13 University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Nord - Paris 13 University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France.,Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Paule Latino-Martel
- Sorbonne Paris Nord - Paris 13 University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Younes Esseddik
- Sorbonne Paris Nord - Paris 13 University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Fabien Szabo
- Sorbonne Paris Nord - Paris 13 University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | | | | | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord - Paris 13 University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
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252
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Kim H, Rebholz CM, Wong E, Buckley JP. Urinary organophosphate ester concentrations in relation to ultra-processed food consumption in the general US population. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109070. [PMID: 31915114 PMCID: PMC7024645 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultra-processed foods are highly processed foods which are manufactured with industrial substances to increase convenience and palatability. Some organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used as flame retardants and plasticizers and have been detected in food samples, particularly processed foods. However, little is known about dietary sources of OPEs or whether higher consumption of ultra-processed foods increases exposures. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether higher consumption of ultra-processed food is associated with urinary OPE metabolite concentrations in a nationally representative sample of US children and adults. METHODS Among 2242 participants (≥6 years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014, we used the NOVA classification system to calculate percent of total energy from ultra-processed food using a 24 h dietary recall. Concentrations of 7 OPE metabolites, including diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP), bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP), dibutyl phosphate (DBUP), di-p-cresyl phosphate (DPCP), 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoic acid (TBBA), and bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCPP) were measured in urine. We used multivariable linear or logistic regressions to examine associations per 10% higher total energy from ultra-processed foods with percent changes or prevalence of detectable levels of creatinine-standardized OPEs. RESULTS In a model adjusting for only urinary creatinine, each 10% higher total energy from ultra-processed food was associated with 3.5% (95% CI: 0.7%, 6.3%) higher DPHP and 8.2% (95% CI: 4.6, 11.9%) higher BDCPP concentrations. However, none of the OPE metabolites was associated with ultra-processed food consumption in models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and BMI (all p-values >0.05). Ultra-processed breads and tortillas; sauces, dressing, and gravies; and milk-based drinks were associated with higher concentrations of BDCPP while frozen and shelf-stable plate meals were associated with lower concentrations. Reconstituted meat or fish products and ultra-processed milk-based desserts were associated with greater odds of detectable levels of BCPP. CONCLUSION While some food groups were associated with urinary OPE metabolite concentrations, ultra-processed foods do not appear to be a major source of current OPE exposure in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Casey M Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eugenia Wong
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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253
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Taillie LS, Hall MG, Popkin BM, Ng SW, Murukutla N. Experimental Studies of Front-of-Package Nutrient Warning Labels on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Ultra-Processed Foods: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E569. [PMID: 32098363 PMCID: PMC7071470 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Policies that require front-of-package (FoP) nutrient warnings are becoming increasingly common across the globe as a strategy to discourage excess consumption of sugary drinks and ultra-processed food. However, a better understanding of the pathway through which FoP nutrient warnings work, as well as a review of how outcomes being measured in recent studies map onto this pathway, are needed in order to inform policy on the most effective FoP label design for reducing purchases of ultra-processed foods. This scoping review describes a conceptual model for how FoP nutrient warnings affect consumer behavior, examines which of these outcomes are currently being measured, and summarizes evidence from randomized controlled experiments. Twenty-two studies which experimentally tested nutrient warnings against a control label or other labeling systems were included for full-text review. Our conceptual model includes attention; comprehension, cognitive elaboration, and message acceptance; negative affect and risk perception; behavioral intentions, and behavioral response, along with other elements such as external factors and interpersonal communications. We found that many studies focused on outcomes such as attention, comprehension, and behavioral intentions, but considerable gaps in the evidence remain, particularly for intermediary steps on the pathway to behavioral change, such as negative affect and social interactions. FoP nutrient warnings were visually attended to by consumers, easy to understand, helped consumers identify products high in nutrients of concern, and discouraged them from purchasing these products, although other labeling systems were perceived as containing more information and performed better at helping consumers rank the healthfulness of products. More research is needed to understand whether and how nutrient warnings work in the real world to discourage consumer purchases of sugary drinks and ultra-processed food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.M.P.); (S.W.N.)
| | - Marissa G. Hall
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Barry M. Popkin
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.M.P.); (S.W.N.)
| | - Shu Wen Ng
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.M.P.); (S.W.N.)
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254
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Silva Meneguelli T, Viana Hinkelmann J, Hermsdorff HHM, Zulet MÁ, Martínez JA, Bressan J. Food consumption by degree of processing and cardiometabolic risk: a systematic review. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:678-692. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1725961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M. Ángeles Zulet
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research (CIN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research (CIN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies (IMDEA), IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Brazil
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255
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Bambs C, Bravo-Sagua R, Margozzini P, Lavandero S. Science and Health Policies to Tackle Chronic Diseases in Chile. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:67-70. [PMID: 31859214 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chile has experienced rapid epidemiological transitions characterized by decreasing infant mortality, population aging, and a shift towards obesity with an increase in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Today, tobacco, alcohol, and ultraprocessed foods are the main risk factors for these diseases. Based on Chile's experience in tobacco control, we discuss paths to make progress in population evidence-based strategies to improve overall community health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bambs
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Roberto Bravo-Sagua
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas and Facultad Medicina, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Margozzini
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas and Facultad Medicina, Santiago, Chile; Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Cronicas (CECEC), Santiago, Chile; Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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256
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Dieterle C. The case for environmentally-informed occupational therapy: Clinical and educational applications to promote personal wellness, public health and environmental sustainability. WORLD FEDERATION OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS BULLETIN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14473828.2020.1717055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Dieterle
- Mrs. T. H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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257
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Popkin BM, Corvalan C, Grummer-Strawn LM. Dynamics of the double burden of malnutrition and the changing nutrition reality. Lancet 2020; 395:65-74. [PMID: 31852602 PMCID: PMC7179702 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 633] [Impact Index Per Article: 158.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The double burden of malnutrition (DBM), defined as the simultaneous manifestation of both undernutrition and overweight and obesity, affects most low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This Series paper describes the dynamics of the DBM in LMICs and how it differs by socioeconomic level. This Series paper shows that the DBM has increased in the poorest LMICs, mainly due to overweight and obesity increases. Indonesia is the largest country with a severe DBM, but many other Asian and sub-Saharan African countries also face this problem. We also discuss that overweight increases are mainly due to very rapid changes in the food system, particularly the availability of cheap ultra-processed food and beverages in LMICs, and major reductions in physical activity at work, transportation, home, and even leisure due to introductions of activity-saving technologies. Understanding that the lowest income LMICs face severe levels of the DBM and that the major direct cause is rapid increases in overweight allows identifying selected crucial drivers and possible options for addressing the DBM at all levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Popkin
- Department of Nutrition and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Camila Corvalan
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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258
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Davidou S, Christodoulou A, Fardet A, Frank K. The holistico-reductionist Siga classification according to the degree of food processing: an evaluation of ultra-processed foods in French supermarkets. Food Funct 2020; 11:2026-2039. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02271f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Siga classification of foods according to degree of processing showed that two-thirds of 24 932 packaged foods collected in French supermarkets are ultra-processed at various degrees.
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Abstract
Introduction A number of studies suggest a relationship between the intake of ultra-processed foods and the prevalence of obesity. Specifically, this type of food provides large amounts of free sugars and saturated fats, which contribute to a high energy intake. In the last few decades the consumption of these products has increased to the point of representing an important amount of calories in the daily diet of several populations. As a result, foods that are usually consumed in healthy eating patterns, containing fiber, complex carbohydrates, and good fats, have been displaced. This systematic review aims to compile the information available in the literature, and to examine the scientific evidence about the relationship between ultra-processed food and obesity. Nevertheless, there are a number of limitations due to the heterogeneity of the methodologies or food classification systems used in the different studies, which makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions on the relationship between consumption of ultra-processed food and development of obesity.
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260
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Gómez-Donoso C, Martínez-González MÁ, Martínez JA, Sayón-Orea C, de la Fuente-Arrillaga C, Bes-Rastrollo M. Adherence to dietary guidelines for the Spanish population and risk of overweight/obesity in the SUN cohort. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226565. [PMID: 31891595 PMCID: PMC6938338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary guidelines play a key role in setting standards for nutrition policies and promoting healthy eating. Like other public health guidelines, they are often influenced by political and economic factors that could place other concerns ahead of the population's health. In order to determine their effectiveness on obesity prevention, we prospectively examined the association between adherence to the latest available national dietary guidelines and the incidence of overweight/obesity in a Spanish cohort study. A sample of 11,554 participants of the "Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra" (SUN) cohort, initially free of overweight or obesity, was included in the study. The Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC) food pyramid (FP) score was computed based on the ratio of consumed to recommended daily servings of grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy, protein-rich foods, olive oil, red and processed meat, sweets, salty snacks and spreadable fats, fermented alcoholic beverages and water. The same approach was followed to calculate the SENC hydration pyramid (HP) score, considering the intake of water and different kind of beverages. Adherence was calculated at baseline and after 10 years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the incidence of overweight/obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2). During a median follow-up of 10.3 years, 2320 incident cases were identified. The highest level of adherence to the SENC FP score was modestly associated with a reduced risk of overweight/obesity (multivariable-adjusted HR for the fifth quintile vs. the first quintile = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.67-0.91; p-trend: 0.007). No consistent trends were found for the SENC HP. In a large prospective cohort of Spanish university graduates, we found an inverse linear association between adherence to the SENC FP and overweight/obesity risk, whereas this was not the case for the HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Gómez-Donoso
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Biomedical Research Centre Network on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sayón-Orea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen de la Fuente-Arrillaga
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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261
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Fagerberg P, Langlet B, Oravsky A, Sandborg J, Löf M, Ioakimidis I. Ultra-processed food advertisements dominate the food advertising landscape in two Stockholm areas with low vs high socioeconomic status. Is it time for regulatory action? BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1717. [PMID: 31864323 PMCID: PMC6925898 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-8090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultra-processed food consumption is a risk factor for obesity and has a negative environmental impact. Food companies spend billions of dollars on advertisements each year to increase the consumption of ultra-processed food. In Australia, USA, and New Zealand, most food advertisements around schools and in train stations promote ultra-processed food, but no similar studies have been conducted in Sweden. The aim of this study was to explore the proportion of ultra-processed food advertisements in two districts of Stockholm, Sweden with low vs. high socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS Two independent researchers (per area) mapped all advertisements, including storefronts, in two Stockholm districts. During consecutive days, all advertisements were photographed in Skärholmen (low SES district), and Östermalmstorg (high SES district), on the streets inside and outside the subway stations, as well as inside and outside of local shopping malls. Advertisements promoting food products were identified and a trained dietician categorized whether they promoted ultra-processed foods. Chi-Square test was conducted to test for differences in the proportion of ultra-processed food advertisements between the two study areas. RESULTS In total, 4092 advertisements were photographed in Skärholmen (n = 1935) and Östermalm (n = 2157). 32.8% of all advertisements promoted food, while 65.4% of food advertisements promoted ultra-processed foods. A significantly higher proportion of ultra-processed food advertisements out of total food advertisements was identified in the low SES area, irrespective of the researcher taking the pictures (74.6% vs. 61.8%, p < 0.001 and 70.4% vs. 54.8%, p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the proportion of food advertisements out of total advertisements between the two areas. CONCLUSIONS This study provides initial evidence about the scale and the differences in exposure to food advertisements across areas in Stockholm. The observed high proportion of ultra-processed food advertisements is concerning and is in sharp contrast to the Swedish dietary guidelines that recommend reduced consumption of such foods. Based on our results, residents in low SES areas might be more exposed to ultra-processed food advertisements than those in high SES areas in Stockholm. If such findings are confirmed in additional areas, they should be considered during the deployment of food advertisement regulatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Fagerberg
- Innovative Use of Mobile Phones to Promote Physical Activity and Nutrition Across the Lifespan (the IMPACT) Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Billy Langlet
- Innovative Use of Mobile Phones to Promote Physical Activity and Nutrition Across the Lifespan (the IMPACT) Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Oravsky
- Innovative Use of Mobile Phones to Promote Physical Activity and Nutrition Across the Lifespan (the IMPACT) Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Sandborg
- Innovative Use of Mobile Phones to Promote Physical Activity and Nutrition Across the Lifespan (the IMPACT) Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Löf
- Innovative Use of Mobile Phones to Promote Physical Activity and Nutrition Across the Lifespan (the IMPACT) Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Ioakimidis
- Innovative Use of Mobile Phones to Promote Physical Activity and Nutrition Across the Lifespan (the IMPACT) Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden
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Valdivieso-Ugarte M, Gomez-Llorente C, Plaza-Díaz J, Gil Á. Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Immunomodulatory Properties of Essential Oils: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2786. [PMID: 31731683 PMCID: PMC6893664 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are a mixture of natural, volatile, and aromatic compounds obtained from plants. In recent years, several studies have shown that some of their benefits can be attributed to their antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and also immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, EOs have been proposed as a natural alternative to antibiotics or for use in combination with antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria in animal feed and food preservation. Most of the results come from in vitro and in vivo studies; however, very little is known about their use in clinical studies. A systematic and comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase®, and Scopus from December 2014 to April 2019 using different combinations of the following keywords: essential oils, volatile oils, antimicrobial, antioxidant, immunomodulation, and microbiota. Some EOs have demonstrated their efficacy against several foodborne pathogens in vitro and model food systems; namely, the inhibition of S. aureus, V. cholerae, and C. albicans has been observed. EOs have shown remarkable antioxidant activities when used at a dose range of 0.01 to 10 mg/mL in cell models, which can be attributed to their richness in phenolic compounds. Moreover, selected EOs exhibit immunomodulatory activities that have been mainly attributed to their ability to modify the secretion of cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Valdivieso-Ugarte
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain; (M.V.-U.); (J.P.-D.); (Á.G.)
| | - Carolina Gomez-Llorente
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain; (M.V.-U.); (J.P.-D.); (Á.G.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- ibs.GRANADA, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain; (M.V.-U.); (J.P.-D.); (Á.G.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- ibs.GRANADA, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain; (M.V.-U.); (J.P.-D.); (Á.G.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- ibs.GRANADA, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Martínez-González MÁ, Martín-Calvo N. Ultraprocessed Foods and Public Health: A Need for Education. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94:2156-2157. [PMID: 31685143 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERObn, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Nerea Martín-Calvo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERObn, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
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Haahtela T, von Hertzen L, Anto JM, Bai C, Baigenzhin A, Bateman ED, Behera D, Bennoor K, Camargos P, Chavannes N, de Sousa JC, Cruz A, Do Céu Teixeira M, Erhola M, Furman E, Gemicioğlu B, Gonzalez Diaz S, Hellings PW, Jousilahti P, Khaltaev N, Kolek V, Kuna P, La Grutta S, Lan LTT, Maglakelidze T, Masjedi MR, Mihaltan F, Mohammad Y, Nunes E, Nyberg A, Quel J, Rosado-Pinto J, Sagara H, Samolinski B, Schraufnagel D, Sooronbaev T, Tag Eldin M, To T, Valiulis A, Varghese C, Vasankari T, Viegi G, Winders T, Yañez A, Yorgancioğlu A, Yusuf O, Bousquet J, Billo NE. Helsinki by nature: The Nature Step to Respiratory Health. Clin Transl Allergy 2019; 9:57. [PMID: 31695865 PMCID: PMC6822361 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-019-0295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Nature Step to Respiratory Health was the overarching theme of the 12th General Meeting of the Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD) in Helsinki, August 2018. New approaches are needed to improve respiratory health and reduce premature mortality of chronic diseases by 30% till 2030 (UN Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs). Planetary health is defined as the health of human civilization and the state of the natural systems on which it depends. Planetary health and human health are interconnected, and both need to be considered by individuals and governments while addressing several SDGs. Results The concept of the Nature Step has evolved from innovative research indicating, how changed lifestyle in urban surroundings reduces contact with biodiverse environments, impoverishes microbiota, affects immune regulation and increases risk of NCDs. The Nature Step calls for strengthening connections to nature. Physical activity in natural environments should be promoted, use of fresh vegetables, fruits and water increased, and consumption of sugary drinks, tobacco and alcohol restricted. Nature relatedness should be part of everyday life and especially emphasized in the care of children and the elderly. Taking “nature” to modern cities in a controlled way is possible but a challenge for urban planning, nature conservation, housing, traffic arrangements, energy production, and importantly for supplying and distributing food. Actions against the well-known respiratory risk factors, air pollution and smoking, should be taken simultaneously. Conclusions In Finland and elsewhere in Europe, successful programmes have been implemented to reduce the burden of respiratory disorders and other NCDs. Unhealthy behaviour can be changed by well-coordinated actions involving all stakeholders. The growing public health concern caused by NCDs in urban surroundings cannot be solved by health care alone; a multidisciplinary approach is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tari Haahtela
- 1Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena von Hertzen
- 2Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Josep M Anto
- ISGlobAL, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chunxue Bai
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Eric D Bateman
- 6Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Digambar Behera
- 7Dept. of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kazi Bennoor
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Paulo Camargos
- 9Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Niels Chavannes
- 10Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaime Correia de Sousa
- 11Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, ICVS, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alvaro Cruz
- 12ProAR - Nucleo de Excelencia em Asma, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória Da Conquista, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Erhola
- 14National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eeva Furman
- 15Environmental Policy Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bilun Gemicioğlu
- 16Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Peter W Hellings
- 18Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- 14National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nikolai Khaltaev
- Global Alliance Against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vitezslav Kolek
- 20Department of Respiratory Diseases and Tuberculosis, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Piotr Kuna
- 21Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- 22Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Le Thi Tuyet Lan
- Respiratory Care Center, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tamaz Maglakelidze
- 24Pulmonology Department, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Chapidze Emergency Cardiology Center, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Florin Mihaltan
- National Institute of Pneumology M. Nasta, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Yousser Mohammad
- 27National Center for Research in Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Tishreen University School of Medicine, Latakia, Syria
| | - Elizabete Nunes
- 28Pulmonology Department, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Arvid Nyberg
- 29FILHA, Finnish Lung Health Association, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorge Quel
- Hispanic American Allergy Asthma & Immunology Association, Marina Del Rey, California USA
| | - Jose Rosado-Pinto
- 31Immunoallergology Department, Hospital da Luz Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hironori Sagara
- 32Division of Allergology & Respiratory Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Boleslaw Samolinski
- 33Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dean Schraufnagel
- 34Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Talant Sooronbaev
- Kyrgyzstan National Centre of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Euro-Asian Respiratory Society, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Mohamed Tag Eldin
- 36Department of Thoracic Diseases, Ain Shams Faculty of Medicine, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Teresa To
- 37The Hospital for Sick Children, Research Institute and Della Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Arunas Valiulis
- 38Clinic of Children's Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Giovanni Viegi
- 22Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Palermo, Italy.,40Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tonya Winders
- Allergy & Asthma Network, Vienna, VA USA.,Global Allergy & Asthma Patient Platform, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anahi Yañez
- Investigaciones en Alergia y Enfermedades Respiratorias (INAER), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Arzu Yorgancioğlu
- 44Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Osman Yusuf
- The Allergy and Asthma Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jean Bousquet
- MACVIA-France, Fondation Partenariale FMC VIA-LR, CHRU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - Nils E Billo
- 29FILHA, Finnish Lung Health Association, Helsinki, Finland.,Global Alliance Against Respiratory Diseases (GARD), Helsinki, Finland
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Davy KP, Davy BM. Advances in Nutrition Science and Integrative Physiology: Insights From Controlled Feeding Studies. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1341. [PMID: 31736774 PMCID: PMC6828816 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition science is a highly impactful but contentious area of biomedical science. Establishing cause and effect relationships between the nutrients and/or diets we consume and the avoidance of or risk of disease is extremely challenging. As such, evidence-based nutrition is best served by considering the totality of evidence across multiple study types including nutritional epidemiological studies, randomized controlled trials of behavioral interventions, and controlled feeding studies. The purpose of the present review is to provide an overview for those conducting research outside of clinical nutrition on how controlled feeding studies can be used to gain insight into integrative physiology/metabolism as well as to inform dietary guidelines. We discuss the rationale, basic elements, and complexities of conducting controlled feeding studies and provide examples of contributions of controlled feeding studies to advances in nutrition science and integrative physiology. Our goal is to provide a resource for those wishing to leverage the experimental advantage provided by controlled feeding studies in their own research programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P. Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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267
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Royo-Bordonada MÁ, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Bes-Rastrollo M, Fernández-Escobar C, González CA, Rivas F, Martínez-González MÁ, Quiles J, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Navarro C, López-García E, Romaguera D, Morales Suárez-Varela M, Vioque J. [Food policies to prevent obesity and the main non-transmissible diseases in Spain: where there's a will there's a way]. GACETA SANITARIA 2019; 33:584-592. [PMID: 31585770 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Spain, one third of all children and two-thirds of adults suffer from excess weight, a condition that generates a direct excess medical cost of 2000 million Euros. Obesogenic food environments cause obesity by promoting the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed foods. Accordingly, we propose five priority policies capable of reversing the epidemic of obesity and related non-communicable diseases through the creation of healthy food environments. THE POWER (PODER IN SPANISH) OF FOOD POLICIES Advertising (Publicidad): regulation of unhealthy food and drink advertisements carried by all media and targeted at children, and prohibition of sponsorships of congresses, conferences or sports events and endorsements by scientific associations or health professionals. Supply (Oferta): promotion of a 100% healthy supply of goods on sale in vending machines sited at educational, health and sports centres. Demand (Demanda): levying a tax of at least 20% on sugar-sweetened beverages, accompanied by subsidies or reduced taxes on healthy foods and availability of drinking water free of charge at all public venues and areas. Labelling (Etiquetado): effective application of the Nutri-Score through the use of incentives, regulation and public-tender mechanisms. Reformulation (Reformulación): revising and redrawing reformulation agreements with the industry, setting more ambitious goals and mandatory compliance. A FINAL THOUGHT These five proposed interventions, all of which have been successfully applied in other countries, will serve to raise population awareness and have a positive impact on health and the economy, through reducing the health care costs of obesity and enhancing work productivity. These measures should form part of a wide-ranging transformation of the food system, with agri-food policies that foster the sustainable production of healthy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid / Idipaz e IMDEA-Alimentación, Madrid, España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, España
| | | | - Carlos A González
- Unidad de Nutrición y Cáncer, Instituto Catalán de Oncología, Barcelona, España
| | - Francisco Rivas
- Unidad Municipal de Salud y Consumo, Ayuntamiento de Guadix, Guadix (Granada), España; Grupo de Investigación Aula Internacional de Biomedicina, Ética y Derechos Humanos (GI111), Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, España
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), España; Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Massachusetts), USA
| | - Joan Quiles
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Dirección General de Salud Pública, Conselleria de Sanitat Universal i Salut Pública, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, España
| | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid / Idipaz e IMDEA-Alimentación, Madrid, España; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs Granada), Granada, España
| | - Eva M Navarrete-Muñoz
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Unidad de Epidemiología de la Nutrición, Universidad Miguel Hernández, ISABIAL-FISABIO, Alicante, España
| | - Carmen Navarro
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosaniarias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, España
| | - Esther López-García
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid / Idipaz e IMDEA-Alimentación, Madrid, España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España
| | - Dora Romaguera
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, España
| | - María Morales Suárez-Varela
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Ciencias de la Alimentación, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - Jesús Vioque
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Unidad de Epidemiología de la Nutrición, Universidad Miguel Hernández, ISABIAL-FISABIO, Alicante, España
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Buckley JP, Kim H, Wong E, Rebholz CM. Ultra-processed food consumption and exposure to phthalates and bisphenols in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2014. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:105057. [PMID: 31398592 PMCID: PMC6728187 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultra-processed food has low nutritional quality, is associated with development of chronic diseases, and may increase exposure to chemicals used in food packaging and production. OBJECTIVES To assess associations of ultra-processed food consumption with exposure to phthalates and bisphenols, including newer replacements, in the general U.S. METHODS Among 2212 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014 participants (≥6 years), we classified items reported in a 24-h dietary recall according to the NOVA food processing classification system and calculated energy intake from ultra-processed food. Urinary concentrations of mono-benzyl (MBzP), mono-(3-carboxypropyl) (MCPP), mono-(carboxyisononyl) (MCNP), mono-(carboxyisoctyl) (MCOP), and four metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) (∑DEHP) phthalates and bisphenols A, F, and S were measured in spot urine samples. We estimated percent changes in natural log creatinine-standardized concentrations per 10% higher energy from ultra-processed food in covariate-adjusted multivariable linear regression models. We examined effect measure modification by age group, race/ethnicity, and poverty:income ratio and assessed associations with minimally processed food intake. RESULTS In adjusted models, higher energy from ultra-processed food was associated with higher urinary concentrations of MCPP, MCNP, and MCOP but not MBzP, ∑DEHP, or bisphenols. Each 10% higher energy from ultra-processed food was associated with 8.0% (95% CI: 5.6%, 10.3%) higher urinary MCOP concentrations, with a stronger association among children than adolescents or adults. Ultra-processed sandwiches/hamburgers, French fries/other potato products, and ice cream/pops were associated with higher concentrations of multiple chemicals. Higher energy from minimally processed food was associated with lower concentrations of MCPP, MCNP, MCOP, and bisphenols A and F. DISCUSSION Ultra-processed food consumption may increase exposure to currently used phthalates. Additional research is needed to determine whether minimally processed food diets or changes in food production practices can reduce phthalate and bisphenol exposures and related health effects, particularly among children who are more vulnerable to toxicants and tend to consume more ultra-processed food than adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Hyunju Kim
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eugenia Wong
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Casey M Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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269
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Shi Z. Gut Microbiota: An Important Link between Western Diet and Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102287. [PMID: 31554269 PMCID: PMC6835660 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Science, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
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270
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Marti A. Ultra-Processed Foods Are Not "Real Food" but Really Affect Your Health. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081902. [PMID: 31443142 PMCID: PMC6723973 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Marti
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 28903 Pamplona, Spain.
- Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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The Healthfulness of the US Packaged Food and Beverage Supply: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081704. [PMID: 31344845 PMCID: PMC6722673 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The US food supply is dominated by highly-processed packaged food and beverage products that are high in energy, saturated fat, sugar, and salt. We report results of a cross-sectional assessment of the 2018 US packaged food and beverage supply by nutritional composition and indicators of healthfulness and level of processing. Data were obtained through Label Insight’s Open Data database, which represents >80% of all food and beverage products sold in the US over the past three years. Healthfulness and the level of processing, measured by the Health Star Rating (HSR) system and the NOVA classification framework, respectively, were compared across product categories and leading manufacturers. Among 230,156 food and beverage products, the mean HSR was 2.7 (standard deviation (SD) 1.4) from a possible maximum rating of 5.0, and 71% of products were classified as ultra-processed. Healthfulness and level of processing varied substantially by category (range: HSR 1.1–3.9; 0–100% ultra-processed) and manufacturer (range: HSR 0.9–4.6; 26–100% ultra-processed). The US packaged food and beverage supply is large, heterogeneous, highly processed, and generally unhealthy. The wide variability in healthfulness and level of processing demonstrates that opportunities exist, through reformulation or replacement, for large-scale improvements to the healthfulness of the US packaged food and beverage supply.
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Abstract
See Article Jenkins et al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina S Petersen
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA
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[Not Available]. MMW Fortschr Med 2019; 161:3. [PMID: 31230336 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-019-0630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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275
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lawrence
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Phillip I Baker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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