251
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Kirlic N, Aupperle RL, Rhudy JL, Misaki M, Kuplicki R, Sutton A, Alvarez RP. Latent variable analysis of negative affect and its contributions to neural responses during shock anticipation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:695-702. [PMID: 30181595 PMCID: PMC6372706 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Negative affect is considered an important factor in the etiology of depression and anxiety, and is highly related to pain. However, negative affect is not a unitary construct. To identify specific targets for treatment development, we aimed to derive latent variables of negative affect and test their unique contributions to affective processing during anticipation of unpredictable, painful shock. Eighty-three subjects (43 with depression and anxiety spectrum disorders and 40 healthy controls) completed self-report measures of negative valence and underwent neuroimaging while exploring computer-simulated contexts with and without the threat of a painful, but tolerable, shock. Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted distinct components of general negative affect (GNA) and pain-related negative affect (PNA). While elevated GNA and PNA were both indicative of depression and anxiety disorders, greater PNA was more strongly related to task-specific anxious reactivity during shock anticipation. GNA was associated with increased precuneus and middle frontal gyrus activity, whereas PNA was related to increased bilateral anterior insula activity. Anterior insula activity mediated the relationship between PNA and task-specific anxious reactivity. In conclusion, GNA and PNA have distinct neural signatures and uniquely contribute to anxious anticipation. PNA, via insula activity, may relate to arousal in ways that could contribute to affective dysregulation, and thus may be an important treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namik Kirlic
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.
| | - Robin L. Aupperle
- 0000 0004 0512 8863grid.417423.7Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK USA ,0000 0001 2160 264Xgrid.267360.6School of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK USA
| | - Jamie L. Rhudy
- 0000 0001 2160 264Xgrid.267360.6Department of Psychology, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK USA
| | - Masaya Misaki
- 0000 0004 0512 8863grid.417423.7Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK USA
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- 0000 0004 0512 8863grid.417423.7Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK USA
| | - Anne Sutton
- 0000 0004 0512 8863grid.417423.7Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK USA
| | - Ruben P. Alvarez
- 0000 0004 0512 8863grid.417423.7Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK USA
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252
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Bensmann W, Vahid A, Beste C, Stock AK. The Intensity of Early Attentional Processing, but Not Conflict Monitoring, Determines the Size of Subliminal Response Conflicts. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:53. [PMID: 30842733 PMCID: PMC6391363 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Response conflicts hamper goal-directed behavior and may be evoked by both consciously and subliminally (unconsciously) processed information. Yet, not much is known about the mechanisms and brain regions driving the size of subliminally induced conflicts. We hence combined a response conflict paradigm featuring subliminal primes and conscious flankers with in-depth neurophysiological (EEG) analyses, including source localization in a sample of N = 243 healthy subjects. Intra-individual differences in the size of subliminal conflicts were reflected both during early attentional stimulus processing (prime-associated N1 and target-associated P1 and N1 amplitudes) and conflict monitoring (N2 amplitudes). On the neuroanatomical level, this was reflected by activity modulations in the TPJ (BA39, BA40) and V2 (BA18), which are known to be involved in attentional stimulus processing and task set maintenance. In addition to a "standard" analysis of event-related potentials, we also conducted a purely data-driven machine learning approach using support vector machines (SVM) in order to identify neurophysiological features which do not only reflect the size of subliminal conflict, but actually allow to classify/predict it. This showed that only extremely early information processing (about 65 ms after the onset of the prime) was predictive of subliminal conflict size. Importantly, this predictive feature occurred before target information could even be processed and was reflected by activity in the left middle frontal gyrus (BA6) and insula (BA13). We conclude that differences in task set maintenance and potentially also in subliminal attentional processing of task-relevant features, but not conflict monitoring, determine the size of subliminally induced response conflicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Bensmann
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Amirali Vahid
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Stock
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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253
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Gohel S, Laino ME, Rajeev-Kumar G, Jenabi M, Peck K, Hatzoglou V, Tabar V, Holodny AI, Vachha B. Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Middle Frontal Gyrus Can Predict Language Lateralization in Patients with Brain Tumors. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:319-325. [PMID: 30630835 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A recent study using task-based fMRI demonstrated that the middle frontal gyrus is comparable with Broca's area in its ability to determine language laterality using a measure of verbal fluency. This study investigated whether the middle frontal gyrus can be used as an indicator for language-hemispheric dominance in patients with brain tumors using task-free resting-state fMRI. We hypothesized that no significant difference in language lateralization would occur between the middle frontal gyrus and Broca area and that the middle frontal gyrus can serve as a simple and reliable means of measuring language laterality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using resting-state fMRI, we compared the middle frontal gyrus with the Broca area in 51 patients with glial neoplasms for voxel activation, the language laterality index, and the effect of tumor grade on the laterality index. The laterality index derived by resting-state fMRI and task-based fMRI was compared in a subset of 40 patients. RESULTS Voxel activations in the left middle frontal gyrus and left Broca area were positively correlated (r = 0.47, P < .001). Positive correlations were seen between the laterality index of the Broca area and middle frontal gyrus regions (r = 0.56, P < .0005). Twenty-seven of 40 patients (67.5%) showed concordance of the laterality index based on the Broca area using resting-state fMRI and the laterality index based on a language task. Thirty of 40 patients (75%) showed concordance of the laterality index based on the middle frontal gyrus using resting-state fMRI and the laterality index based on a language task. CONCLUSIONS The middle frontal gyrus is comparable with the Broca area in its ability to determine hemispheric dominance for language using resting-state fMRI. Our results suggest the addition of resting-state fMRI of the middle frontal gyrus to the list of noninvasive modalities that could be used in patients with gliomas to evaluate hemispheric dominance of language before tumor resection. In patients who cannot participate in traditional task-based fMRI, resting-state fMRI offers a task-free alternate to presurgically map the eloquent cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gohel
- From the Department of Health Informatics (S.G.), Rutgers University School of Health Professions, Newark, New Jersey
| | - M E Laino
- Departments of Radiology (M.E.L., M.J., K.P., V.H., A.I.H., B.V.).,Department of Radiology (M.E.L.), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - G Rajeev-Kumar
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.R.-K.), New York, New York
| | - M Jenabi
- Departments of Radiology (M.E.L., M.J., K.P., V.H., A.I.H., B.V.)
| | - K Peck
- Departments of Radiology (M.E.L., M.J., K.P., V.H., A.I.H., B.V.).,Medical Physics (K.P.)
| | - V Hatzoglou
- Departments of Radiology (M.E.L., M.J., K.P., V.H., A.I.H., B.V.)
| | - V Tabar
- Neurosurgery (V.T.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - A I Holodny
- Departments of Radiology (M.E.L., M.J., K.P., V.H., A.I.H., B.V.)
| | - B Vachha
- Departments of Radiology (M.E.L., M.J., K.P., V.H., A.I.H., B.V.)
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254
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Macatee RJ, Albanese BJ, Clancy K, Allan NP, Bernat EM, Cougle JR, Schmidt NB. Distress intolerance modulation of neurophysiological markers of cognitive control during a complex go/no-go task. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 127:12-29. [PMID: 29369665 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Distress intolerance (DI), a trait-like individual difference reflective of the inability to endure aversive affective states, is relevant to multiple forms of psychopathology, but its relations to theoretically relevant neurobiological systems have received little attention. Altered cognitive control-related neurobiology has been theorized to underlie individual differences in DI, but little empirical work has been conducted. To test this hypothesis, baseline data from a large community sample with elevated high levels of emotional psychopathology and comorbidity was utilized (N = 256). Participants completed a complex go/no-go task while EEG was recorded, and P2, N2, and P3 amplitudes were measured. Based upon prior findings on the relations between these components and response inhibition, a core cognitive control function, we hypothesized that DI would predict reduced no-go N2 and P3 amplitude while controlling for current anxious/depressive symptom severity (i.e., negative affect). Peak amplitudes from the raw data and principal components analysis were used to quantify amplitude of ERP components. Partially consistent with predictions, high DI was independently associated with reduced no-go N2 peak amplitude in the raw ERP data, and was significantly related to a frontal positivity factor in the N2 time window across no-go and go trials. Contrary to predictions, no relations between DI and the P3 were found. Overall, results support the theorized relevance of cognitive control-linked neurobiology to individual differences in tolerance of distress over and above distress severity itself, and suggest specific relations between DI and alterations in early controlled attention/conflict-monitoring but not response inhibition or response inhibition-related sequelae. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kevin Clancy
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University
| | | | - Edward M Bernat
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park
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Zhao P, Yan R, Wang X, Geng J, Chattun MR, Wang Q, Yao Z, Lu Q. Reduced Resting State Neural Activity in the Right Orbital Part of Middle Frontal Gyrus in Anxious Depression. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:994. [PMID: 32038329 PMCID: PMC6987425 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxious depression (AD), which is generally recognized as a common clinical subtype of major depressive disorder (MDD), holds distinctive features compared with unanxious depression (UAD). However, the neural mechanism of AD still remains unrevealed. To give insight to it, we compared resting-state functional magnetic resonance amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and functional connectivity (FC) between AD and UAD patients. METHOD The data were collected from 60 AD patients, 38 UAD patients, and 60 matched healthy controls. The ALFF and seed-based FC were examined. Pearson correlations were computed between ALFF/FC and clinical measures. RESULTS In Comparison with the UAD group, the ALFF value of the right orbital part of middle frontal gyrus (RO-MFG) decreased in AD group. Specifically, the ALFF values of the RO-MFG were negatively correlated with retardation factor scores in AD group (r = -0.376, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS AD patients exhibited disturbed intrinsic brain function compared with UAD patients. The decreased activity of the RO-MFG is indicative of the alterations involved in the neural basis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Psychology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiting Geng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Ridwan Chattun
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Psychology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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256
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Zhu F, Tang L, Zhu P, Lin Q, Yuan Q, Shi W, Li B, Ye L, Min Y, Su T, Shao Y. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional connectivity density mapping in patients with corneal ulcer. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:1833-1844. [PMID: 31308676 PMCID: PMC6617566 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s210658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate alternations in spontaneous brain activities reflected by functional connectivity density (FCD) in patients with corneal ulcer (CU) using resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). METHODS We recruited 24 patients with CU (12 males, 12 females), and 24 healthy controls (HCs; 12 males, 12 females) matched for age, gender and education status. Functional magnetic resonance imaging examinations were performed on all subjects in a resting state and the following parameters determined: rsFC, long-range FCD (longFCD) and short-range FCD (IFCD). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were then used to differentiate patients with CU from HCs. RESULTS Compared with HCs, CU patients showed significantly reduced rsFC values in the right cerebellum posterior lobe gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus/inferior frontal gyrus/superior frontal gyrus and left inferior parietal lobule/precuneus. Significantly reduced longFCD values were found in the right hippocampus/inferior temporal gyrus and the left inferior temporal gyrus. Moreover, compared with HCs, IFCD values were significantly reduced in the left inferior temporal gyrus/middle temporal gyrus, left limbic lobe/medial frontal gyrus, and left precuneus/limbic lobe, but were significantly increased in the right insula/superior temporal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus/inferior frontal gyrus/insula, right superior temporal gyrus/postcentral gyrus, and left precentral gyrus. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CU exhibited alterations in spontaneous brain activities in several brain areas. These novel findings may help to reveal the neuropathological mechanisms underlying CU. UNLABELLED This study provides a direction for further exploration of underlying neural mechanisms of CU and facilitate the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyin Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science , Xiamen, Fujian 361102, People's Republic of China.,Eye Institute of Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361102, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwen Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Youlan Min
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science , Xiamen, Fujian 361102, People's Republic of China.,Eye Institute of Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361102, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
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257
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Guàrdia-Olmos J, Gudayol-Ferré E, Gallardo-Moreno GB, Martínez-Ricart M, Peró-Cebollero M, González-Garrido AA. Complex systems representing effective connectivity in patients with Type One diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208247. [PMID: 30496324 PMCID: PMC6264830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) affects the entire cellular network of the organism. Some patients develop cognitive disturbances due to the disease, but several authors have suggested that the brain develops compensatory mechanisms to minimize or prevent neuropsychological decline. The present study aimed to assess the effective connectivity underlying visuospatial working memory performance in young adults diagnosed with T1D using neuroimaging techniques (fMRI). METHODS Fifteen T1D right-handed, young adults with sustained metabolic clinical stability and a control group matched by age, sex, and educational level voluntarily participated. All participants performed 2 visuospatial working memory tasks using a block design within an MRI scanner. Regions of interest and their signal values were obtained. Effective connectivity-by means of structural equations models-was evaluated for each group and task through maximum likelihood estimation, and the model with the best fit was chosen in each case. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the patient group showed a significant reduction in brain activity in the two estimated networks (one for each group and task). The models of effective connectivity showed greater brain connectivity in healthy individuals, as well as a more complex network. T1D patients showed a pattern of connectivity mainly involving the cerebellum and the red nucleus. In contrast, the control group showed a connectivity network predominantly involving brain areas that are typically activated while individuals are performing working memory tasks. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a specific effective connectivity between the cerebellum and the red nucleus in T1D patients during working memory tasks, probably reflecting a compensatory mechanism to fulfill task demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Guàrdia-Olmos
- Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Neurociències, Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteve Gudayol-Ferré
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco, Michoacán, México
| | | | | | - Maribel Peró-Cebollero
- Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Neurociències, Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Barcelona, Spain
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258
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Yang FC, Chou KH, Lee PL, Yin JH, Chen SY, Kao HW, Sung YF, Chou CH, Tsai CK, Tsai CL, Lin CP, Lee JT. Patterns of gray matter alterations in migraine and restless legs syndrome. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 6:57-67. [PMID: 30656184 PMCID: PMC6331309 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Migraine and restless legs syndrome (RLS) are often comorbid and share elements of pathology; however, their neuroanatomical underpinnings are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify patterns of gray matter volume (GMV) alteration specific to and common among patients with RLS, migraine, and comorbid migraine and RLS. Methods High‐resolution T1‐weighted images were acquired from 116 subjects: 27 RLS patients, 22 migraine patients, 22 patients with comorbid migraine and RLS, and 45 healthy controls. Direct group comparisons and conjunction analysis were first used to localize the distinct and shared neural signatures of migraine and RLS. We also investigated whether the shared neural signature could be replicated in an additional comorbid migraine/RLS group. Results Compared with healthy controls, migraine patients showed GMV changes in the lateral occipital cortex, cerebellum, frontal pole, and middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and RLS patients showed GMV changes in the thalamus, middle temporal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex, and MFG. In migraine, compared with RLS, GMV differences were found in the precuneus, lateral occipital and occipital fusiform cortex, superior frontal and precentral gyri, and cerebellum. Conjunction analyses for these disorders showed altered GMV in the MFG, also found in patients with comorbid migraine and RLS. The GMV of the MFG also correlated with sleep quality in patients with comorbid migraine and RLS. Interpretation Migraine and RLS are characterized by shared and distinctive neuroanatomical characteristics, with a specific role of the MFG. These findings may be related to shared pathophysiology of these two distinct disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chi Yang
- Department of Neurology Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hsien Chou
- Brain Research Center National Yang-Ming University Taipei Taiwan.,Institute of Neuroscience National Yang-Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences National Yang-Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jiu-Haw Yin
- Department of Neurology Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan.,Division of Neurology Department of Medicine Cheng Hsin General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurology Cardinal Tien Hospital New Taipei City Taiwan.,Department of Hyperbaric Medicine Cardinal Tien Hospital New Taipei City Taiwan.,School of Medicine Fu-Jen Catholic University New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Kao
- Department of Radiology Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Feng Sung
- Department of Neurology Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsing Chou
- Department of Neurology Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kuang Tsai
- Department of Neurology Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Tsai
- Department of Neurology Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Brain Research Center National Yang-Ming University Taipei Taiwan.,Institute of Neuroscience National Yang-Ming University Taipei Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences National Yang-Ming University Taipei Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science National Yang-Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Tay Lee
- Department of Neurology Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan
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259
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Brain structural connectivity and neuroticism in healthy adults. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16491. [PMID: 30405187 PMCID: PMC6220248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the neural correlates of the neurotic brain is important because neuroticism is a risk factor for the development of psychopathology. We examined the correlation between brain structural networks and neuroticism based on NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) scores. Fifty-one healthy participants (female, n = 18; male, n = 33; mean age, 38.5 ± 11.7 years) underwent the NEO-FFI test and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including diffusion tensor imaging and 3D T1WI. Using MRI data, for each participant, we constructed whole-brain interregional connectivity matrices by deterministic tractography and calculated the graph theoretical network measures, including the characteristic path length, global clustering coefficient, small-worldness, and betweenness centrality (BET) in 83 brain regions from the Desikan-Killiany atlas with subcortical segmentation using FreeSurfer. In relation to the BET, neuroticism score had a negative correlation in the left isthmus cingulate cortex, left superior parietal, left superior temporal, right caudal middle frontal, and right entorhinal cortices, and a positive correlation in the bilateral frontal pole, left caudal anterior cingulate cortex, and left fusiform gyrus. No other measurements showed significant correlations. Our results imply that the brain regions related to neuroticism exist in various regions, and that the neuroticism trait is likely formed as a result of interactions among these regions. This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Comprehensive Brain Science Network) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan.
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260
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Liu A, Lin SJ, Mi T, Chen X, Chan P, Wang ZJ, McKeown MJ. Decreased subregional specificity of the putamen in Parkinson's Disease revealed by dynamic connectivity-derived parcellation. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 20:1163-1175. [PMID: 30388599 PMCID: PMC6214880 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is associated with decreased ability to perform habitual tasks, relying instead on goal-directed behaviour subserved by different cortical/subcortical circuits, including parts of the putamen. We explored the functional subunits in the putamen in PD using novel dynamic connectivity features derived from resting state fMRI recorded from thirty PD subjects and twenty-eight age-matched healthy controls (HC). Dynamic functional segmentation of the putamina was obtained by determining the correlation between each voxel in each putamen along a moving window and applying a joint temporal clustering algorithm to establish cluster membership of each voxel at each window. Contiguous voxels that had consistent cluster membership across all windows were then considered to be part of a homogeneous functional subunit. As PD subjects robustly had two homogenous clusters in the putamina, we also segmented the putamina in HC into two dynamic clusters for a fair comparison. We then estimated the dynamic connectivity using sliding windowed correlation between the mean signal from the identified homogenous subunits and 56 other predefined cortical and subcortical ROIs. Specifically, the mean dynamic connectivity strength and connectivity deviation were then compared to evaluate subregional differences. HC subjects had significant differences in mean dynamic connectivity and connectivity deviation between the two putaminal subunits. The posterior subunit connected strongly to sensorimotor areas, the cerebellum, as well as the middle frontal gyrus. The anterior subunit had strong mean dynamic connectivity to the nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, amygdala, caudate and cingulate. In contrast, PD subjects had fewer differences in mean dynamic connectivity between subunits, indicating a degradation of subregional specificity. Overall UPDRS III and MoCA scores could be predicted using mean dynamic connectivity strength and connectivity deviation. Side of onset of the disease was also jointly related with functional connectivity features. Our results suggest a robust loss of specificity of mean dynamic connectivity and connectivity deviation in putaminal subunits in PD that is sensitive to disease severity. In addition, altered mean dynamic connectivity and connectivity deviation features in PD suggest that looking at connectivity dynamics offers an additional dimension for assessment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Liu
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Sue-Jin Lin
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Taomian Mi
- Department of Neurology, Neurobiology and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Chen
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Neurology, Neurobiology and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Z Jane Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Martin J McKeown
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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261
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Deactivation of default-mode network and early suppression of decision-making areas during retrieval period by high-arousing emotions improves performance in verbal working memory task. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 19:231-238. [PMID: 30341625 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-00661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Emotions affect many aspects of cognition (attention, decision-making, problem solving, conflict resolution, task switching, social cognition, etc.), but the cortical areas or networks through which these effects are achieved are still debatable. In the present study, the effect of emotion on cognition was studied in healthy young individuals (n = 56). Emotions were induced using high-arousing negative, positive, and low-arousing neutral pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Sternberg's verbal working memory task was administered at baseline and after each emotion exposure, while high-density EEG was recorded. Cortical sources were calculated using sLORETA in the 500-ms window (for every 100 ms bin) before the response and were compared with baseline. Though the number of correct responses were comparable, reaction times after emotion exposure reduced significantly. Source analysis revealed significant deactivation of default mode network (DMN) areas as well as early deactivation of decision-making areas during Sternberg's task performed after both the negative and positive emotions. This early deactivation, much before the response was made, when compared with baseline suggests that tasks performed under high-arousing emotional states may help in making decisions earlier or faster. We conclude that the exposure to high-arousing emotional stimuli improves verbal working memory by helping in directing the attentional resources toward the task, thus decreasing the decision-making time and further suppressing the DMN areas.
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262
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Peters AT, Smith RA, Kassel MT, Hagan M, Maki P, Van Meter A, Briceño EM, Ryan KA, Weldon AL, Weisenbach SL, Starkman MN, Langenecker SA. A pilot investigation of differential neuroendocrine associations with fronto-limbic activation during semantically-cued list learning in mood disorders. J Affect Disord 2018; 239:180-191. [PMID: 30014958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased volume and disrupted function in neural structures essential for memory formation (e.g. medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex) are common among individuals with depression. Hypothalamic-pituitary-axis function, as reflected by measurement of cortisol levels, is linked to neural activity during memory encoding in healthy people. However, it is not as well understood whether cortisol is associated with alterations in fronto-temporal recruitment during memory encoding in depression. METHODS In this pilot study, we evaluated associations between cortisol and neural activation during memory encoding in 62 adults (18-65 years) with mood disorders (MD; n = 39, 66.7% female), including major depression (n = 28) and bipolar I disorder (n = 11), and healthy controls (HC; n = 23, 43.5% female). Participants provided salivary cortisol samples before and after completing a semantically-cued list-learning task during 3-Tesla fMRI. Links between pre-scan cortisol (and cortisol change) and activation during encoding were evaluated using block and event-related models. RESULTS Overall, pre-scan cortisol level was positively associated with greater engagement of fronto-limbic activation during the encoding block. However, in MD, pre-scan cortisol was associated with attenuated activation during encoding in medial frontal, superior and middle temporal gyri, insula, lingual gyrus, and claustrum relative to HCs. Cortisol-related attenuation of activation in MD was also observed during encoding of words subsequently recalled in the ventral anterior cingulate, hypothalamus, and middle temporal gyrus. By and large, cortisol change (pre/post scan) predicted the same pattern of findings in both block and event-related contrasts. LIMITATIONS Although analyses accounted for variations in scanner time of day, circadian alterations in cortisol may have introduced variability into the results. CONCLUSIONS Pre-scan cortisol may selectively interfere with recruitment of important fronto-temporal memory circuitry in mood disorders. The inverted associations between cortisol and neural function in MD relative to HC also elucidate potentially unique pathophysiological markers of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - R A Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - M T Kassel
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA
| | - M Hagan
- Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - P Maki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - A Van Meter
- Department of Psychiatry Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, USA
| | - E M Briceño
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, USA
| | - K A Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, USA
| | - A L Weldon
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - S L Weisenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, USA; VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, USA
| | - M N Starkman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, USA
| | - S A Langenecker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
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263
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Xie H, Calhoun VD, Gonzalez-Castillo J, Damaraju E, Miller R, Bandettini PA, Mitra S. Whole-brain connectivity dynamics reflect both task-specific and individual-specific modulation: A multitask study. Neuroimage 2018; 180:495-504. [PMID: 28549798 PMCID: PMC5700856 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity (FC) has been widely used to study the functional organization of temporally correlated and spatially distributed brain regions. Recent studies of FC dynamics, quantified by windowed correlations, provide new insights to analyze dynamic, context-dependent reconfiguration of brain networks. A set of reoccurring whole-brain connectivity patterns at rest, referred to as FC states, have been identified, hypothetically reflecting underlying cognitive processes or mental states. We posit that the mean FC information for a given subject represents a significant contribution to the group-level FC dynamics. We show that the subject-specific FC profile, termed as FC individuality, can be removed to increase sensitivity to cognitively relevant FC states. To assess the impact of the FC individuality and task-specific FC modulation on the group-level FC dynamics analysis, we generate and analyze group studies of four subjects engaging in four cognitive conditions (rest, simple math, two-back memory, and visual attention task). We also propose a model to quantitatively evaluate the effect of two factors, namely, subject-specific and task-specific modulation on FC dynamics. We show that FC individuality is a predominant factor in group-level FC variability, and the embedded cognitively relevant FC states are clearly visible after removing the individual's connectivity profile. Our results challenge the current understanding of FC states and emphasize the importance of individual heterogeneity in connectivity dynamics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Section on Functional Imaging Methods, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Javier Gonzalez-Castillo
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eswar Damaraju
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Peter A Bandettini
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Functional MRI Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sunanda Mitra
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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264
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Kim JH, Son YD, Kim JH, Lee HJ, Kang NI, Chung GH, Park JI, Cui Y, Kim WS, Chung YC. Neural Signature for Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia: A High-Resolution Positron Emission Tomography Study with Fludeoxyglucose ( 18F). CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 16:324-332. [PMID: 30121983 PMCID: PMC6124871 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2018.16.3.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Auditory hallucinations (AHs) are a core symptom of schizophrenia. We investigated the neural signature of AHs by comparing hallucinating patients with schizophrenia with non-hallucinating patients with schizophrenia. Methods We recruited hallucinating patients with schizophrenia meeting the criteria for persistent, prominent, and predominant AHs (n=10) and non-hallucinating patients with schizophrenia (n=12). Various clinical assessments were performed incluing Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale for Auditory Hallucinations. Using fludeoxyglucose (18F) positron emission tomography, regional differences in neural activity between the groups were analyzed. Results The regions of interest analysis showed significantly lower standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) in the superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri, and higher SUVR in the putamen in patients with AHs versus patients without AHs. These findings were confirmed in the voxel-wise analysis. Conclusion Our findings indicate that hypoactivity in the frontal and cingulate gyri, coupled with hyperactivity in the temporal gyrus and putamen, may contribute to the pathophysiology of AHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young Don Son
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hee Kim
- Research Institute for Advanced Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering & Center for Advanced Image and Information Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Nam-In Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Maeumsarang Hospital, Wanju, Korea
| | - Gyung Ho Chung
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.,Departments of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jong-Il Park
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.,Departments of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Yin Cui
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.,Departments of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Woo-Sung Kim
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.,Departments of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.,Departments of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
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265
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Ahmed RM, Goldberg ZL, Kaizik C, Kiernan MC, Hodges JR, Piguet O, Irish M. Neural correlates of changes in sexual function in frontotemporal dementia: implications for reward and physiological functioning. J Neurol 2018; 265:2562-2572. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-9024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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266
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Milot MH, Marchal-Crespo L, Beaulieu LD, Reinkensmeyer DJ, Cramer SC. Neural circuits activated by error amplification and haptic guidance training techniques during performance of a timing-based motor task by healthy individuals. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:3085-3099. [PMID: 30132040 PMCID: PMC6223879 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To promote motor learning, robotic devices have been used to improve subjects' performance by guiding desired movements (haptic guidance-HG) or by artificially increasing movement errors to foster a more rapid learning (error amplification-EA). To better understand the neurophysiological basis of motor learning, a few studies have evaluated brain regions activated during EA/HG, but none has compared both approaches. The goal of this study was to investigate using fMRI which brain networks were activated during a single training session of HG/EA in healthy adults learning to play a computerized pinball-like timing task. Subjects had to trigger a robotic device by flexing their wrist at the correct timing to activate a virtual flipper and hit a falling ball towards randomly positioned targets. During training with HG/EA, subjects' timing errors were decreased/increased, respectively, by the robotic device to delay or accelerate their wrist movement. The results showed that at the beginning of the training period with HG/EA, an error-detection network, including cerebellum and angular gyrus, was activated, consistent with subjects recognizing discrepancies between their intended actions and the actual movement timing. At the end of the training period, an error-detection network was still present for EA, while a memory consolidation/automatization network (caudate head and parahippocampal gyrus) was activated for HG. The results indicate that training movement with various kinds of robotic input relies on different brain networks. Better understanding the neurophysiological underpinnings of brain processes during HG/EA could prove useful for optimizing rehabilitative movement training for people with different patterns of brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Milot
- École de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Pavillon Gérald-Lasalle, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Laura Marchal-Crespo
- Sensory-Motor Systems Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems IRIS, ETH Zurich, TAN E3 Tannenstrasse 1, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.,Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Research Group, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Louis-David Beaulieu
- École de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Pavillon Gérald-Lasalle, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - David J Reinkensmeyer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, 4200 Engineering Gateway, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, 3120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Steven C Cramer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, 4200 Engineering Gateway, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, 3120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, 364 Med Surge II, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, 200 S. Manchester AVE, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
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267
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Qian L, Wang Y, Chu K, Li Y, Xiao C, Xiao T, Xiao X, Qiu T, Xiao Y, Fang H, Ke X. Alterations in hub organization in the white matter structural network in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder: A 2-year follow-up study. Autism Res 2018; 11:1218-1228. [PMID: 30114344 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Little is currently known about the longitudinal developmental patterns of hubs in the whole-brain white matter (WM) structural networks among toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study utilized diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and deterministic tractography to map the WM structural networks in 37 ASD toddlers and 27 age-, gender- and developmental quotient-matched controls with developmental delay (DD) toddlers aged 2-3 years old at baseline (Time 1) and at 2-year follow-up (Time 2). Furthermore, graph-theoretical methods were applied to investigate alterations in the network hubs in these patients at the two time points. The results showed that after 2 years, 17 hubs were identified in the ASD subjects compared to the controls, including 13 hubs that had not changed from baseline and 4 hubs that were newly identified. In addition, alterations in the properties of the hubs of the right middle frontal gyrus, right insula, left median cingulate gyri, and bilateral precuneus were significantly correlated with alterations in the behavioral data for ASD patients. These results indicated that at the stage of 2-5 years of age, ASD children showed distributions of network hubs that were relatively stable, with minor differences. Abnormal developmental patterns in the five areas mentioned above in ASD may contribute to abnormalities in the social and nonsocial characteristics of this disorder. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1218-1228. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This work studied the longitudinal developmental patterns of hubs in the whole-brain white matter (WM) structural network among toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The findings of this study could have implications for understanding how the abnormalities in hub organization in ASD account for behavioral deficits in patients and may provide potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis and the subsequent monitoring of progression and treatment effects for patients with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - KangKang Chu
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - ChaoYong Xiao
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - YunHua Xiao
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - XiaoYan Ke
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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268
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Ramanoël S, Hoyau E, Kauffmann L, Renard F, Pichat C, Boudiaf N, Krainik A, Jaillard A, Baciu M. Gray Matter Volume and Cognitive Performance During Normal Aging. A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:235. [PMID: 30123123 PMCID: PMC6085481 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal aging is characterized by decline in cognitive functioning in conjunction with extensive gray matter (GM) atrophy. A first aim of this study was to determine GM volume differences related to aging by comparing two groups of participants, middle-aged group (MAG, mean age 41 years, N = 16) and older adults (OG, mean age 71 years, N = 14) who underwent an magnetic resonance images (MRI) voxel-based morphometry (VBM) evaluation. The VBM analyses included two optimized pipelines, for the cortex and for the cerebellum. Participants were also evaluated on a wide range of cognitive tests assessing both domain-general and language-specific processes, in order to examine how GM volume differences between OG and MAG relate to cognitive performance. Our results show smaller bilateral GM volume in the OG relative to the MAG, in several cerebral and right cerebellar regions involved in language and executive functions. Importantly, our results also revealed smaller GM volume in the right cerebellum in OG relative to MAG, supporting the idea of a complex cognitive role for this structure. This study provides a broad picture of cerebral, but also cerebellar and cognitive changes associated with normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ramanoël
- INSERM/CNRS, Institut Vision, Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie Universities (UPMC) Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Elena Hoyau
- CNRS LPNC UMR 5105, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Louise Kauffmann
- CNRS LPNC UMR 5105, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Grenoble INP, GIPSA-lab, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Félix Renard
- UMS IRMaGe Grenoble Hospital, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Cédric Pichat
- CNRS LPNC UMR 5105, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Naïla Boudiaf
- CNRS LPNC UMR 5105, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexandre Krainik
- UMS IRMaGe Grenoble Hospital, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Assia Jaillard
- UMS IRMaGe Grenoble Hospital, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Monica Baciu
- CNRS LPNC UMR 5105, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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269
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An S, Han X, Wu B, Shi Z, Marks M, Wang S, Wu X, Han S. Neural activation in response to the two sides of emotion. Neurosci Lett 2018; 684:140-144. [PMID: 29990560 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Emotions are at the core of human cognition and behavior. Traditionally, emotions have been classified dichotomously as being either positive or negative. However, recent behavioral research (An et al., 2017) suggests that emotions contain both positivity and negativity. The current work investigated neural correlates of experiencing positive and negative emotions in response to happy and sad photos. Functional MRI revealed the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex showed stronger activation when experiencing positivity compared to negativity of sadness, but not happiness, whereas the bilateral cerebellum showed greater response to positivity than negativity regardless of emotion. Results suggest that there are similarities and differences in the neural activation of positivity and negativity of happiness and sadness, consistent with previous findings (An et al., 2017). Emotion from both the neural and psychological perspectives were investigated. Further implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sieun An
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, China; Ashoka University, India.
| | - Xiaochun Han
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Military General Hospital, China
| | - Zhenhao Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Michael Marks
- Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, United States
| | - Shiyu Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, China
| | - Xinhuai Wu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Military General Hospital, China.
| | - Shihui Han
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, China.
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270
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Altered regional homogeneity in patients with late monocular blindness: a resting-state functional MRI study. Neuroreport 2018; 28:1085-1091. [PMID: 28858036 PMCID: PMC5916480 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many previous studies have demonstrated that the blindness patients have has functional and anatomical abnormalities in the visual and other vision-related cortex. However, changes in the brain function in late monocular blindness (MB) at rest are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the underlying regional homogeneity (ReHo) of brain-activity abnormalities in patients with late MB and their relationship with clinical features. A total of 32 patients with MB (25 male and seven female) and 32 healthy controls (HCs) (25 male and seven female) closely matched in age, sex, and education underwent resting-state functional MRI scans. The ReHo method was used to assess local features of spontaneous brain activities. Patients with MB were distinguishable from HCs using the receiver operating characteristic curve. The relationship between the mean ReHo in brain regions and the behavioral performance was calculated using correlation analysis. Compared with HCs, patients with MB showed significantly decreased ReHo values in the right rectal gyrus, right cuneus, right anterior cingulate, and right lateral occipital cortex and increased ReHo values in the right inferior temporal gyrus, right frontal middle orbital, left posterior cingulate/precuneus, and left middle frontal gyrus. However, there was no significant relationship between the different mean ReHo values in the brain regions and the clinical features. Late MB involves abnormalities of the visual cortex and other vision-related brain regions, which may reflect brain dysfunction in these regions.
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271
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Zhu J, Li J, Li X, Rao J, Hao Y, Ding Z, Wang G. Neural Basis of the Emotional Conflict Processing in Major Depression: ERPs and Source Localization Analysis on the N450 and P300 Components. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:214. [PMID: 29896094 PMCID: PMC5986884 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objects: Effective psychological function requires that cognition is not affected by task-irrelevant emotional stimuli in emotional conflict. Depression is mainly characterized as an emotional disorder. The object of this study is to reveal the behavioral and electrophysiological signature of emotional conflict processing in major depressive disorder (MDD) using event-related potentials (ERPs) and standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) analysis. Method: We used a face–word Stroop task involving emotional faces while recording EEG (electroencephalography) in 20 patients with MDD and 20 healthy controls (HCs). And then ERPs were extracted and the corresponding brain sources were reconstructed using sLORETA. Results: Behaviorally, subjects with MDDs manifested significantly increased Stroop effect when examining the RT difference between happy incongruent trials and happy congruent trials, compared with HC subjects. ERP results exhibited that MDDs were characterized by the attenuated difference between P300 amplitude to sad congruent stimuli and sad incongruent stimuli, as electrophysiological evidence of impaired conflict processing in subjects with MDD. The sLORETA results showed that MDD patients had a higher current density in rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rostral ACC) within N450 time window in response to happy incongruent trials than happy congruent stimuli. Moreover, HC subjects had stronger activity in right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) region in response to incongruent stimuli than congruent stimuli, revealing successful inhibition of emotional distraction in HCs, which was absent in MDDs. Conclusion: Our results indicated that rostral ACC was implicated in the processing of negative emotional distraction in MDDs, as well as impaired inhibition of task-irrelevant emotional stimuli, relative to HCs. This work furnishes novel behavioral and neurophysiological evidence that are closely related to emotional conflict among MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianxiu Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juan Rao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Hao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Ding
- The Third People's Hospital of Tianshui City, Tianshui, China
| | - Gangping Wang
- The Third People's Hospital of Tianshui City, Tianshui, China
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272
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Peng P, Li M, Liu H, Tian YR, Chu SL, Van Halm-Lutterodt N, Jing B, Jiang T. Brain Structure Alterations in Respect to Tobacco Consumption and Nicotine Dependence: A Comparative Voxel-Based Morphometry Study. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:43. [PMID: 29881337 PMCID: PMC5978277 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to examine the lifetime tobacco consumption and the degree of nicotine dependence related gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume alterations in young adult-male smokers. Fifty-three long-term male smokers and 53 well-matched male healthy non-smokers participated in the study, and the smokers were respectively categorized into light and heavy tobacco consumption subgroups by pack-years and into moderate and severe nicotine dependence subgroups using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Voxel-based morphometry analysis was then performed, and ANCOVA analysis combined with subsequent post hoc test were used to explore the between-group brain volume abnormalities related to the smoking amount and nicotine dependence. Light and heavy smokers displayed smaller GM and WM volumes than non-smokers, while heavy smokers were found with more significant brain atrophy than light smokers in GM areas of precuneus, inferior and middle frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, cerebellum anterior lobe and insula, and in WM areas of cerebellum anterior lobe. However, the contrary trend was observed regarding alterations associated with severity of nicotine dependence. Severe nicotine dependence smokers rather demonstrated less atrophy levels compared to moderate nicotine dependence smokers, especially in GM areas of precuneus, superior and middle temporal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, posterior cingulate and insula, and in WM areas of precuneus, posterior cingulate, cerebellum anterior lobe and midbrain. The results reveal that the nicotine dependence displays a dissimilar effect on the brain volume in comparison to the cigarette consumption. Our study could provide new evidences to understand the adverse effects of smoking on the brain structure, which is helpful for further treatment of smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Ru Tian
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shui-Lian Chu
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nicholas Van Halm-Lutterodt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Neurosurgery, Keck Medical Center of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bin Jing
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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273
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Barke A, Bode S, Dechent P, Schmidt-Samoa C, Van Heer C, Stahl J. To err is (perfectly) human: behavioural and neural correlates of error processing and perfectionism. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:1647-1657. [PMID: 28655179 PMCID: PMC5647811 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The attitude towards one’s own imperfection strongly varies between individuals. Here, we investigated variations in error-related activity depending on two sub-traits of perfectionism, Personal Standard Perfectionism (PSP) and Evaluative Concern Perfectionism (ECP) in a large scale functional magnetic resonance imaging study (N = 75) using a digit-flanker task. Participants with higher PSP scores showed both more post-error slowing and more neural activity in the medial-frontal gyrus including anterior cingulate cortex after errors. Interestingly, high-EC perfectionists with low PSP showed no post-error slowing and the highest activity in the middle frontal gyrus, whereas high-EC perfectionists with high PSP showed the lowest activity in this brain area and more post-error slowing. Our findings are in line with the hypothesis that perfectionists with high concerns but low standards avoid performance monitoring to avoid the worry-inducing nature of detecting personal failure and the anticipation of poor evaluation by others. However, the stronger goal-oriented performance motivation of perfectionists with high concerns and high standards may have led to less avoidance of error processing and a more intense involvement with the imperfect behaviour, which is essential for improving future performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Barke
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany.,Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute for Psychology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bode
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Peter Dechent
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Schmidt-Samoa
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christina Van Heer
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jutta Stahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, 50969 Cologne, Germany
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274
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The neural circuitry of restricted repetitive behavior: Magnetic resonance imaging in neurodevelopmental disorders and animal models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 92:152-171. [PMID: 29802854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Restricted, repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are patterns of behavior that exhibit little variation in form and have no obvious function. RRBs although transdiagonstic are a particularly prominent feature of certain neurodevelopmental disorders, yet relatively little is known about the neural circuitry of RRBs. Past work in this area has focused on isolated brain regions and neurotransmitter systems, but implementing a neural circuit approach has the potential to greatly improve understanding of RRBs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is well-suited to studying the structural and functional connectivity of the nervous system, and is a highly translational research tool. In this review, we synthesize MRI research from both neurodevelopmental disorders and relevant animal models that informs the neural circuitry of RRB. Together, these studies implicate distributed neural circuits between the cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. Despite progress in neuroimaging of RRB, there are many opportunities for conceptual and methodological improvement. We conclude by suggesting future directions for MRI research in RRB, and how such studies can benefit from complementary approaches in neuroscience.
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275
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Bido-Medina R, Wirsich J, Rodríguez M, Oviedo J, Miches I, Bido P, Tusen L, Stoeter P, Sadaghiani S. Impact of Zika Virus on adult human brain structure and functional organization. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 5:752-762. [PMID: 29928658 PMCID: PMC5989769 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the impact of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection on brain structure and functional organization of severely affected adult patients with neurological complications that extend beyond Guillain–Barré Syndrome (GBS)‐like manifestations and include symptoms of the central nervous system (CNS). Methods In this first case–control neuroimaging study, we obtained structural and functional magnetic resonance images in nine rare adult patients in the subacute phase, and healthy age‐ and sex‐matched controls. ZIKV patients showed atypical descending and rapidly progressing peripheral nervous system (PNS) manifestations, and importantly, additional CNS presentations such as perceptual deficits. Voxel‐based morphometry was utilized to evaluate gray matter volume, and resting state functional connectivity and Network Based Statistics were applied to assess the functional organization of the brain. Results Gray matter volume was decreased bilaterally in motor areas (supplementary motor cortex, specifically Frontal Eye Fields) and beyond (left inferior frontal sulcus). Additionally, gray matter volume increased in right middle frontal gyrus. Functional connectivity increased in a widespread network within and across temporal lobes. Interpretation We provide preliminary evidence for a link between ZIKV neurological complications and changes in adult human brain structure and functional organization, comprising both motor‐related regions potentially secondary to prolonged PNS weakness, and nonsomatomotor regions indicative of PNS‐independent alternations. The latter included the temporal lobes, particularly vulnerable in a range of neurological conditions. While future studies into the ZIKV‐related neuroinflammatory mechanisms in adults are urgently needed, this study indicates that ZIKV infection can lead to an impact on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bido-Medina
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801.,Neuroscience Program University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - Jonathan Wirsich
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801
| | | | - Jairo Oviedo
- Centro Diagnostico de Medicina Avanzada y Telemedicina (CEDIMAT) Santo Domingo Dominican Republic
| | - Isidro Miches
- Neuroscience Program University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - Pamela Bido
- Hospital Salvador B. Gautier Santo Domingo Dominican Republic
| | - Luis Tusen
- Hospital Salvador B. Gautier Santo Domingo Dominican Republic
| | - Peter Stoeter
- Centro Diagnostico de Medicina Avanzada y Telemedicina (CEDIMAT) Santo Domingo Dominican Republic
| | - Sepideh Sadaghiani
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801.,Psychology Department University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801
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276
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Bi XA, Zhao J, Xu Q, Sun Q, Wang Z. Abnormal Functional Connectivity of Resting State Network Detection Based on Linear ICA Analysis in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Physiol 2018; 9:475. [PMID: 29867534 PMCID: PMC5952255 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Some functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) researches in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients have shown that ASD patients have significant impairment in brain response. However, few researchers have studied the functional structure changes of the eight resting state networks (RSNs) in ASD patients. Therefore, research on statistical differences of RSNs between 42 healthy controls (HC) and 50 ASD patients has been studied using linear independent component analysis (ICA) in this paper. Our researches showed that there was abnormal functional connectivity (FC) of RSNs in ASD patients. The RSNs with the decreased FC and increased FC in ASD patients included default mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), core network (CN), visual network (VN), self-referential network (SRN) compared to HC. The RSNs with the increased FC in ASD patients included auditory network (AN), somato-motor network (SMN). The dorsal attention network (DAN) in ASD patients showed the decreased FC. Our findings indicate that the abnormal FC in RSNs extensively exists in ASD patients. Our results have important contribution for the study of neuro-pathophysiological mechanisms in ASD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-An Bi
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Junxia Zhao
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Xu
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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277
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Al-Zubaidi A, Heldmann M, Mertins A, Jauch-Chara K, Münte TF. Influences of Hunger, Satiety and Oral Glucose on Functional Brain Connectivity: A Multimethod Resting-State fMRI Study. Neuroscience 2018; 382:80-92. [PMID: 29723574 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A major regulatory task of the organism is to keep brain functions relatively constant in spite of metabolic changes (e.g., hunger vs. satiety) or availability of energy (e.g., glucose administration). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) can reveal resulting changes in brain function but previous studies have focused mostly on the hypothalamus. Therefore, we took a whole-brain approach and examined 24 healthy normal-weight men once after 36 h of fasting and once in a satiated state (six meals over the course of 36 h). At the end of each treatment, rs-fMRI was recorded before and after the oral administration of 75 g of glucose. We calculated local connectivity (regional homogeneity [ReHo]), global connectivity (degree of centrality [DC]), and amplitude (fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation [fALFF]) maps from the rs-fMRI data. We found that glucose administration reduced all measures selectively in the left supplementary motor area and increased ReHo and fALFF in the right middle and superior frontal gyri. For fALFF, we observed a significant interaction between metabolic states and glucose in the left thalamus. This interaction was driven by a fALFF increase after glucose treatment in the hunger relative to the satiety condition. Our results indicate that fALFF analysis is the most sensitive measure to detect effects of metabolic states on resting-state brain activity. Moreover, we show that multimethod rs-fMRI provides an unbiased approach to identify spontaneous brain activity associated with changes in homeostasis and caloric intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus Heldmann
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alfred Mertins
- Institute for Signal Processing, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Thomas F Münte
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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278
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Weng JC, Chou YS, Huang GJ, Tyan YS, Ho MC. Mapping brain functional alterations in betel-quid chewers using resting-state fMRI and network analysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1257-1271. [PMID: 29441422 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The World Health Organization regards betel quid (BQ) as a human carcinogen, and DSM-IV and ICD-10 dependence symptoms may develop with its heavy use. BQ's possible effects of an enhanced reward system and disrupted inhibitory control may increase the likelihood of habitual substance use. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to employ resting-state fMRI to examine the hypothesized enhanced reward system (e.g., the basal forebrain system) and disrupted inhibitory control (e.g., the prefrontal system) in BQ chewers. METHODS The current study recruited three groups of 48 male participants: 16 BQ chewers, 15 tobacco- and alcohol-user controls, and 17 healthy controls. We used functional connectivity (FC), mean fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (mfALFF), and mean regional homogeneity (mReHo) to evaluate functional alternations in BQ chewers. Graph theoretical analysis (GTA) and network-based statistical (NBS) analysis were also performed to identify the functional network differences among the three groups. RESULTS Our hypothesis was partially supported: the enhanced reward system for the BQ chewers (e.g., habitual drug-seeking behavior) was supported; however, their inhibitory control was relatively preserved. In addition, we reported that the BQ chewers may have enhanced visuospatial processing and decreased local segregation. CONCLUSIONS The current results (showing an enhanced reward system in the chewers) provided the clinicians with important insight for the future development of an effective abstinence treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Cheng Weng
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Syuan Chou
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Joe Huang
- Department of Psychology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Yeu-Sheng Tyan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chou Ho
- Department of Psychology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- Clinical Psychological Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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279
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fMRI Responses in Healthy Individuals and in Patients with Mild Depression to Presentation of Pleasant and Unpleasant Images. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 164:601-604. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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280
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Shao Y, Bao J, Huang X, Zhou FQ, Ye L, Min YL, Yang L, Sethi Z, Yuan Q, Zhou Q. Comparative study of interhemispheric functional connectivity in left eye monocular blindness versus right eye monocular blindness: a resting-state functional MRI study. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14285-14295. [PMID: 29581843 PMCID: PMC5865669 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In the present study, we investigated the brain interhemispheric functional connectivity changes in left eye MB versus right eye MB patients by voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) methods. Methods A total of 31 patients with MB (15 with left eye MB and 16 with right eye MB), and 31 healthy controls (HCs) closely matched for age were recruited. All subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) examinations. The VMHC method was used to evaluate directly functional interactions between the hemispheres. A one-way ANOVA was performed to determine the regions in which the VMHC differs between the three groups. Patients with MB were distinguished from HCs by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The relationships between the mean VMHC signal values in many brain regions and clinical features in MB patients were calculated by pearson correlation analysis. Results Compared with HCs, MB patients had significantly decreased VMHC values in the cuneus/calcarine/lingual gyrus. Furthermore, left eye MB showed decreased VMHC values in the cuneus/calcarine/lingual gyrus and showed increased VMHC values in the insula and middle frontal gyrus compared with HC. In addition, right eye MB showed decreased VMHC values in the cuneus/calcarine/lingual gyrus, primary motor cortex (M1)/primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and superior parietal lobule. Conclusion MB subjects showed abnormal brain interhemispheric functional connectivity in visual pathways. Furthermore, different patterns of brain interhemispheric functional connectivity occurred in the left eye and right eye MB. These VMHC values provide much useful information to explain the neural mechanism changes in MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Bao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Fu-Qing Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - You-Lan Min
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zubin Sethi
- University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33146, USA
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
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281
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Artemenko C, Coldea A, Soltanlou M, Dresler T, Nuerk HC, Ehlis AC. The neural circuits of number and letter copying: an fNIRS study. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:1129-1138. [PMID: 29445828 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In our daily lives, we are constantly exposed to numbers and letters. However, it is still under debate how letters and numbers are processed in the brain, while information on this topic would allow for a more comprehensive understanding of, for example, known influences of language on numerical cognition or neural circuits shared by numerical cognition and language processing. Some findings provide evidence for a double dissociation between numbers and letters, with numbers being represented in the right and letters in the left hemisphere, while the opposing view suggests a shared neural network. Since processing may depend on the task, we address the reported inconsistencies in a very basic symbol copying task using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). fNIRS data revealed that both number and letter copying rely on the bilateral middle and left inferior frontal gyri. Only numbers elicited additional activation in the bilateral parietal cortex and in the left superior temporal gyrus. However, no cortical activation difference was observed between copying numbers and letters, and there was Bayesian evidence for common activation in the middle frontal gyri and superior parietal lobules. Therefore, we conclude that basic number and letter processing are based on a largely shared cortical network, at least in a simple task such as copying symbols. This suggests that copying can be used as a control condition for more complex tasks in neuroimaging studies without subtracting stimuli-specific activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Artemenko
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Andra Coldea
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mojtaba Soltanlou
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience/IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Dresler
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Nuerk
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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282
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Sheng J, Shen Y, Qin Y, Zhang L, Jiang B, Li Y, Xu L, Chen W, Wang J. Spatiotemporal, metabolic, and therapeutic characterization of altered functional connectivity in major depressive disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:1957-1971. [PMID: 29341320 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although imbalanced functional integration has been increasingly reported in major depressive disorder (MDD), there still lacks a general framework to characterize common characteristic and origin shared by the integrative disturbances. Here we examined spatial selectivity, temporal uniqueness, metabolic basis, and therapeutic response of altered functional connectivity (FC) in MDD by analyzing both cross-sectional and longitudinal multimodal functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 35 patients and 34 demographically matched healthy controls. First, based on a voxel-wise, data-driven, graph-based degree centrality approach, the bilateral anterior cingulate gyri, middle frontal gyri and superior frontal gyri, and the right parahippocampal gyrus were robustly identified to show decreased FC in MDD. Further spatiotemporal analyses revealed that these regions exhibited hub-like features and were selectively located in limbic and default mode networks spatially and, relative to other areas in the brain, exhibited unique, frequency-dependent oscillation power (stronger within 0.01-0.027 Hz and weaker within 0.027-0.073 Hz) and less dynamical variability of whole-brain FC profiles temporally. Moreover, a cross-modality fusion analysis showed that all MDD-related FC impairments were associated with reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF); however, there existed multiple regions that showed reduced CBF but had intact FC in the patients, which resulted in a decreased FC-CBF coupling and implied an earlier emergence of reduced CBF than impaired FC in MDD. Finally, the disrupted FC in MDD gradually recovered over the course of drug treatment (2 and 12 weeks). Altogether, these findings could help establish a general framework to provide mechanistic insights into integrative dysfunctions in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Sheng
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuedi Shen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhua Qin
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binjia Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaoyao Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luoyi Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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283
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Camilleri JA, Müller VI, Fox P, Laird AR, Hoffstaedter F, Kalenscher T, Eickhoff SB. Definition and characterization of an extended multiple-demand network. Neuroimage 2018; 165:138-147. [PMID: 29030105 PMCID: PMC5732056 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging evidence suggests that executive functions (EF) depend on brain regions that are not closely tied to specific cognitive demands but rather to a wide range of behaviors. A multiple-demand (MD) system has been proposed, consisting of regions showing conjoint activation across multiple demands. Additionally, a number of studies defining networks specific to certain cognitive tasks suggest that the MD system may be composed of a number of sub-networks each subserving specific roles within the system. We here provide a robust definition of an extended MDN (eMDN) based on task-dependent and task-independent functional connectivity analyses seeded from regions previously shown to be convergently recruited across neuroimaging studies probing working memory, attention and inhibition, i.e., the proposed key components of EF. Additionally, we investigated potential sub-networks within the eMDN based on their connectional and functional similarities. We propose an eMDN network consisting of a core whose integrity should be crucial to performance of most operations that are considered higher cognitive or EF. This then recruits additional areas depending on specific demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Camilleri
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1,7), 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - V I Müller
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1,7), 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - P Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - A R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, United States
| | - F Hoffstaedter
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1,7), 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - T Kalenscher
- Institute of Comparative Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - S B Eickhoff
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1,7), 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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284
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Donnelly B, Touyz S, Hay P, Burton A, Russell J, Caterson I. Neuroimaging in bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder: a systematic review. J Eat Disord 2018; 6:3. [PMID: 29468065 PMCID: PMC5819247 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-018-0187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent decades there has been growing interest in the use of neuroimaging techniques to explore the structural and functional brain changes that take place in those with eating disorders. However, to date, the majority of research has focused on patients with anorexia nervosa. This systematic review addresses a gap in the literature by providing an examination of the published literature on the neurobiology of individuals who binge eat; specifically, individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED). METHODS A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, PsycInfo, Medline and Web of Science, and additional hand searches through reference lists. 1,003 papers were identified in the database search. Published studies were included if they were an original research paper written in English; studied humans only; used samples of participants with a diagnosed eating disorder characterised by recurrent binge eating; included a healthy control sample; and reported group comparisons between clinical groups and healthy control groups. RESULTS Thirty-two papers were included in the systematic review. Significant heterogeneity in the methods used in the included papers coupled with small sample sizes impeded the interpretation of results. Twenty-one papers utilised functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI); seven papers utilized Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with one of these using both MRI and Positron Emission Technology (PET); three studies used Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and one study used PET only. A small number of consistent findings emerged in individuals in the acute phase of illness with BN or BED including: volume reduction and increases across a range of areas; hypoactivity in the frontostriatal circuits; and aberrant responses in the insula, amygdala, middle frontal gyrus and occipital cortex to a range of different stimuli or tasks; a link between illness severity in BN and neural changes; diminished attentional capacity and early learning; and in SPECT studies, increased rCBF in relation to disorder-related stimuli. CONCLUSIONS Studies included in this review are heterogenous, preventing many robust conclusions from being drawn. The precise neurobiology of BN and BED remains unclear and ongoing, large-scale investigations are required. One clear finding is that illness severity, exclusively defined as the frequency of binge eating or bulimic episodes, is related to greater neural changes. The results of this review indicate additional research is required, particularly extending findings of reduced cortical volumes and diminished activity in regions associated with self-regulation (frontostriatal circuits) and further exploring responses to disorder-related stimuli in people with BN and BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Donnelly
- 1School of Psychology, Clinical Psychology Unit, University of Sydney, Sydney,, New South Wales Australia
| | - Stephen Touyz
- 1School of Psychology, Clinical Psychology Unit, University of Sydney, Sydney,, New South Wales Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- 2Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | - Amy Burton
- 1School of Psychology, Clinical Psychology Unit, University of Sydney, Sydney,, New South Wales Australia
| | - Janice Russell
- 3The Peter Beumont Eating Disorder Service, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | - Ian Caterson
- 4The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
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285
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Safi A, Nikendei C, Terhoeven V, Weisbrod M, Sharma A. Food-related salience processing in healthy subjects during word recognition: Fronto-parietal network activation as revealed by independent component analysis. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e00887. [PMID: 29568685 PMCID: PMC5853639 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to isolate and localize mutually independent cognitive processes evoked during a word recognition task involving food-related and food-neutral words using independent component analysis (ICA) for continuously recorded EEG data. Recognition memory (old/new effect) involves cognitive subcomponents-familiarity and recollection-which may be temporally and spatially dissociated in the brain. Food words may evoke additional attentional salience which may interact with the old/new effect. METHODS Sixteen satiated female participants undertook a word recognition task consisting of an encoding phase (learning of presented words, 40 food-related and 40 food neutral) and a test phase (recognition of previously learned words and new words). Simultaneously recorded 64-channel EEG data were decomposed into mutually independent components using the Infomax algorithm in EEGLAB. The components were localized using single dipole fitting using a four-shell BESA head model. The resulting (nonartefactual) components with <15% residual variance were clustered across subjects using the kmeans algorithm resulting in five meaningful clusters localized to fronto-parietal regions. Repeated-measures anova was employed to test main effects (old/new and food relevance) and their interaction on cluster time courses. RESULTS Early task-relevant old/new effects were localized to the medial frontal gyrus (MFG) and later old/new effects to the right parietal regions (precuneus). Food-related (nontask-relevant) salience effects were localized to bilateral parietal regions (left precuneus and right postcentral gyrus). Food-related salience interacted with task relevance, the old/new effect in MFG being significant only for food-neutral words highlighting central the role of MFG as the converging site of endogenous and exogenous salience inputs. CONCLUSION Our results indicate ICA to be a valid technique to decompose complex neurophysiological signals involving multiple cognitive processes and implicate the fronto-parietal network as an important attentional network for processing salience and task demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Safi
- Department of General Internal Medicine and PsychosomaticsCentre for Psychosocial MedicineUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Christoph Nikendei
- Department of General Internal Medicine and PsychosomaticsCentre for Psychosocial MedicineUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Valentin Terhoeven
- Department of General Internal Medicine and PsychosomaticsCentre for Psychosocial MedicineUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Matthias Weisbrod
- Research Group NeurocognitionDepartment of General PsychiatryCentre for Psychosocial MedicineUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapySRH Hospital Karlsbad‐LangensteinbachKarlsbadGermany
| | - Anuradha Sharma
- Research Group NeurocognitionDepartment of General PsychiatryCentre for Psychosocial MedicineUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
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286
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Li R, Liu F, Su Q, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Wang Y, Wu R, Zhao J, Guo W. Bidirectional Causal Connectivity in the Cortico-Limbic-Cerebellar Circuit Related to Structural Alterations in First-Episode, Drug-Naive Somatization Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:162. [PMID: 29755373 PMCID: PMC5932337 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anatomical and functional deficits in the cortico-limbic-cerebellar circuit are involved in the neurobiology of somatization disorder (SD). The present study was performed to examine causal connectivity of the cortico-limbic-cerebellar circuit related to structural deficits in first-episode, drug-naive patients with SD at rest. Methods: A total of 25 first-episode, drug-naive patients with SD and 28 healthy controls underwent structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel-based morphometry and Granger causality analysis (GCA) were used to analyze the data. Results: Results showed that patients with SD exhibited decreased gray matter volume (GMV) in the right cerebellum Crus I, and increased GMV in the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and left angular gyrus. Causal connectivity of the cortico-limbic-cerebellar circuit was partly affected by structural alterations in the patients. Patients with SD showed bidirectional cortico-limbic connectivity abnormalities and bidirectional cortico-cerebellar and limbic-cerebellar connectivity abnormalities. The mean GMV of the right MFG was negatively correlated with the scores of the somatization subscale of the symptom checklist-90 and persistent error response of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in the patients. A negative correlation was observed between increased driving connectivity from the right MFG to the right fusiform gyrus/cerebellum IV, V and the scores of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire extraversion subscale. The mean GMV of the left ACC was negatively correlated with the WCST number of errors and persistent error response. Negative correlation was found between the causal effect from the left ACC to the right middle temporal gyrus and the scores of WCST number of categories achieved. Conclusions: Our findings show the partial effects of structural alterations on the cortico-limbic-cerebellar circuit in first-episode, drug-naive patients with SD. Correlations are observed between anatomical alterations or causal effects and clinical variables in patients with SD, and bear clinical significance. The present study emphasizes the importance of the cortico-limbic-cerebellar circuit in the neurobiology of SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinji Su
- Mental Health Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- Mental Health Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Renrong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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287
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Bayer M, Rubens MT, Johnstone T. Simultaneous EEG-fMRI reveals attention-dependent coupling of early face processing with a distributed cortical network. Biol Psychol 2017; 132:133-142. [PMID: 29246813 PMCID: PMC5809026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Distributed cortical activation to faces covaries with ERPs as early as 100 ms. Covariations depend on both sustained attention and trial-by-trial cognitive conflict. Top-down gating might apply to earlier visual processing stages than previously known.
The speed of visual processing is central to our understanding of face perception. Yet the extent to which early visual processing influences later processing in distributed face processing networks, and the top-down modulation of such bottom-up effects, remains unclear. We used simultaneous EEG-fMRI to investigate cortical activity that showed unique covariation with ERP components of face processing (C1, P1, N170, P3), while manipulating sustained attention and transient cognitive conflict employing an emotional face-word Stroop task. ERP markers of visual processing within 100 ms after stimulus onset showed covariation with brain activation in precuneous, posterior cingulate gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus and frontal operculum, and a left lateral parietal-occipital cluster, illustrating the impact of early stage processing on higher-order mechanisms. Crucially, this covariation depended on sustained attentional focus and was absent for incongruent trials, suggesting flexible top-down gating of bottom-up processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Bayer
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, UK.
| | - Michael T Rubens
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Tom Johnstone
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
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288
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Haldin C, Acher A, Kauffmann L, Hueber T, Cousin E, Badin P, Perrier P, Fabre D, Perennou D, Detante O, Jaillard A, Lœvenbruck H, Baciu M. Speech recovery and language plasticity can be facilitated by Sensori-Motor Fusion training in chronic non-fluent aphasia. A case report study. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2017; 32:595-621. [PMID: 29148845 DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2017.1402090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The rehabilitation of speech disorders benefits from providing visual information which may improve speech motor plans in patients. We tested the proof of concept of a rehabilitation method (Sensori-Motor Fusion, SMF; Ultraspeech player) in one post-stroke patient presenting chronic non-fluent aphasia. SMF allows visualisation by the patient of target tongue and lips movements using high-speed ultrasound and video imaging. This can improve the patient's awareness of his/her own lingual and labial movements, which can, in turn, improve the representation of articulatory movements and increase the ability to coordinate and combine articulatory gestures. The auditory and oro-sensory feedback received by the patient as a result of his/her own pronunciation can be integrated with the target articulatory movements they watch. Thus, this method is founded on sensorimotor integration during speech. The SMF effect on this patient was assessed through qualitative comparison of language scores and quantitative analysis of acoustic parameters measured in a speech production task, before and after rehabilitation. We also investigated cerebral patterns of language reorganisation for rhyme detection and syllable repetition, to evaluate the influence of SMF on phonological-phonetic processes. Our results showed that SMF had a beneficial effect on this patient who qualitatively improved in naming, reading, word repetition and rhyme judgment tasks. Quantitative measurements of acoustic parameters indicate that the patient's production of vowels and syllables also improved. Compared with pre-SMF, the fMRI data in the post-SMF session revealed the activation of cerebral regions related to articulatory, auditory and somatosensory processes, which were expected to be recruited by SMF. We discuss neurocognitive and linguistic mechanisms which may explain speech improvement after SMF, as well as the advantages of using this speech rehabilitation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célise Haldin
- a Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, UMR CNRS 5105 , Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble , France
| | - Audrey Acher
- b Unité neuro-vasculaire, Pavillon de Neurologie , CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble , France
| | - Louise Kauffmann
- f Neural Mechanisms of Human Communication Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Thomas Hueber
- d GIPSA-lab , UMR CNRS 5216/Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble , France
| | - Emilie Cousin
- a Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, UMR CNRS 5105 , Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble , France
- c IRMaGE, Plate-forme IRM 3T, CHU Grenoble Alpes , Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INSERM, UMS3552, Grenoble, France; , France
| | - Pierre Badin
- d GIPSA-lab , UMR CNRS 5216/Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble , France
| | - Pascal Perrier
- d GIPSA-lab , UMR CNRS 5216/Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble , France
| | - Diandra Fabre
- d GIPSA-lab , UMR CNRS 5216/Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble , France
| | - Dominic Perennou
- a Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, UMR CNRS 5105 , Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble , France
- e Dept of NeuroRehabilitation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Université Grenoble Alpes , Université Grenoble-Alpes , Grenoble , France
| | - Olivier Detante
- a Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, UMR CNRS 5105 , Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble , France
- b Unité neuro-vasculaire, Pavillon de Neurologie , CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble , France
| | - Assia Jaillard
- c IRMaGE, Plate-forme IRM 3T, CHU Grenoble Alpes , Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INSERM, UMS3552, Grenoble, France; , France
| | - Hélène Lœvenbruck
- a Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, UMR CNRS 5105 , Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble , France
| | - Monica Baciu
- a Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, UMR CNRS 5105 , Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble , France
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289
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Identification of a Neurocognitive Mechanism Underpinning Awareness of Chronic Tinnitus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15220. [PMID: 29123218 PMCID: PMC5680329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) is a common auditory sensation that can become a chronic debilitating health condition with pervasive effects on health and wellbeing, substantive economic burden, and no known cure. Here we investigate if impaired functioning of the cognitive control network that directs attentional focus is a mechanism erroneously maintaining the tinnitus sensation. Fifteen people with chronic tinnitus and 15 healthy controls matched for age and gender from the community performed a cognitively demanding task known to activate the cognitive control network in this functional magnetic resonance imaging study. We identify attenuated activation of a core node of the cognitive control network (the right middle frontal gyrus), and altered baseline connectivity between this node and nodes of the salience and autobiographical memory networks. Our findings indicate that in addition to auditory dysfunction, altered interactions between non-auditory neurocognitive networks maintain chronic tinnitus awareness, revealing new avenues for the identification of effective treatments.
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290
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Abstract
Traditional variable selection methods are compromised by overlooking useful information on covariates with similar functionality or spatial proximity, and by treating each covariate independently. Leveraging prior grouping information on covariates, we propose partition-based screening methods for ultrahigh-dimensional variables in the framework of generalized linear models. We show that partition-based screening exhibits the sure screening property with a vanishing false selection rate, and we propose a data-driven partition screening framework with unavailable or unreliable prior knowledge on covariate grouping and investigate its theoretical properties. We consider two special cases: correlation-guided partitioning and spatial location- guided partitioning. In the absence of a single partition, we propose a theoretically justified strategy for combining statistics from various partitioning methods. The utility of the proposed methods is demonstrated via simulation and analysis of functional neuroimaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, U.S.A
| | - Hyokyoung G Hong
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, 619 Red Cedar Rd, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, U.S.A
| | - Y I Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, U.S.A
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291
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Gamboa OL, Sung Lai Yuen K, von Wegner F, Behrens M, Steinmetz H. The challenge of forgetting: Neurobiological mechanisms of auditory directed forgetting. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 39:249-263. [PMID: 29080232 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed forgetting (DF) is considered an adaptive mechanism to cope with unwanted memories. Understanding it is crucial to develop treatments for disorders in which thought control is an issue. With an item-method DF paradigm in an auditory form, the underlying neurocognitive processes that support auditory DF were investigated. Subjects were asked to perform multi-modal encoding of word-stimuli before knowing whether to remember or forget each word. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found that DF is subserved by a right frontal-parietal-cingulate network. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the activation of this network show converging evidence suggesting that DF is a complex process in which active inhibition, attentional switching, and working memory are needed to manipulate both unwanted and preferred items. These results indicate that DF is a complex inhibitory mechanism which requires the crucial involvement of brain areas outside prefrontal regions to operate over attentional and working memory processes. Hum Brain Mapp 39:249-263, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lucía Gamboa
- Department of Neurology and Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kenneth Sung Lai Yuen
- Neuroimaging Center Mainz (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederic von Wegner
- Department of Neurology and Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Epilepsy Center Rhein-Main and Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marion Behrens
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Microanatomy and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Helmuth Steinmetz
- Department of Neurology and Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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292
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain-gut-microbiota interactions may play an important role in human health and behavior. Although rodent models have demonstrated effects of the gut microbiota on emotional, nociceptive, and social behaviors, there is little translational human evidence to date. In this study, we identify brain and behavioral characteristics of healthy women clustered by gut microbiota profiles. METHODS Forty women supplied fecal samples for 16S rRNA profiling. Microbial clusters were identified using Partitioning Around Medoids. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was acquired. Microbiota-based group differences were analyzed in response to affective images. Structural and diffusion tensor imaging provided gray matter metrics (volume, cortical thickness, mean curvature, surface area) as well as fiber density between regions. A sparse Partial Least Square-Discrimination Analysis was applied to discriminate microbiota clusters using white and gray matter metrics. RESULTS Two bacterial genus-based clusters were identified, one with greater Bacteroides abundance (n = 33) and one with greater Prevotella abundance (n = 7). The Prevotella group showed less hippocampal activity viewing negative valences images. White and gray matter imaging discriminated the two clusters, with accuracy of 66.7% and 87.2%, respectively. The Prevotella cluster was associated with differences in emotional, attentional, and sensory processing regions. For gray matter, the Bacteroides cluster showed greater prominence in the cerebellum, frontal regions, and the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS These results support the concept of brain-gut-microbiota interactions in healthy humans. Further examination of the interaction between gut microbes, brain, and affect in humans is needed to inform preclinical reports that microbial modulation may affect mood and behavior.
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293
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Daughters SB, Ross TJ, Bell RP, Yi JY, Ryan J, Stein EA. Distress tolerance among substance users is associated with functional connectivity between prefrontal regions during a distress tolerance task. Addict Biol 2017; 22:1378-1390. [PMID: 27037525 PMCID: PMC5625840 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Distress tolerance (DT), defined as the ability to persist in goal directed behavior while experiencing affective distress, is implicated in the development and maintenance of substance use disorders. While theory and evidence indicate that cortico-limbic neural dysfunction may account for deficits in goal directed behavior while experiencing distress, the neurobiological mechanisms of DT have yet to be examined. We modified a computerized DT task for use in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT-M), and examined the neural correlates and functional connectivity of DT among a cohort of substance users (n = 21; regular cocaine and nicotine users) and healthy controls (n = 25). In response to distress during the PASAT-M, we found greater activation in a priori cortico-limbic network ROIs, namely the right insula, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), bilateral medial frontal gyrus (MFG), right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and right ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) significantly predicted higher DT among substance users, but not healthy controls. In addition, greater task-specific functional connectivity during distress between the right MFG and bilateral vmPFC/sgACC was associated with higher DT among substance users, but not healthy controls. The observed positive relationship between DT and neural activation in cortico-limbic structures, as well as functional connectivity between the rMFG and vmPFC/sgACC, is in line with theory and research suggesting the importance of these structures for persisting in goal directed behavior while experiencing affective distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey B. Daughters
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH
| | - Ryan P. Bell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill
| | - Jennifer Y. Yi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill
| | - Jonathan Ryan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH
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294
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De Meo E, Moiola L, Ghezzi A, Veggiotti P, Capra R, Amato MP, Pagani E, Fiorino A, Pippolo L, Pera MC, Comi G, Falini A, Filippi M, Rocca MA. MRI substrates of sustained attention system and cognitive impairment in pediatric MS patients. Neurology 2017; 89:1265-1273. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective:To explore the structural and functional integrity of the sustained attention system in patients with pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) and its effect on cognitive impairment.Methods:We enrolled 57 patients with pediatric MS and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Patients with >3 abnormal tests at neuropsychological evaluation were classified as cognitively impaired (CI). Sustained attention system activity was studied with fMRI during the Conners Continuous Performance Test (CCPT). Structural integrity of attention network connections was quantified with diffusion tensor (DT) MRI.Results:Within-group analysis showed similar patterns of recruitment of the attention network in HCs and patients with pediatric MS. Diffuse network DT MRI structural abnormalities were found in patients with MS. During CCPT, with increasing task demand, patients with pediatric MS showed increased activation of the left thalamus, anterior insula, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and decreased recruitment of the right precuneus compared to HCs. Thirteen patients (23%) were classified as CI. Compared to cognitively preserved patients, CI patients with pediatric MS had decreased recruitment of several areas located mainly in parietal and occipital lobes and cerebellum and increased deactivation of the ACC, combined with more severe structural damage of white matter tracts connecting these regions.Conclusions:Our results suggest that the age-expected level of sustained attention system functional competence is achieved in patients with pediatric MS. Inefficient regulation of the functional interaction between different areas of this system, due to abnormal white matter integrity, may result in global cognitive impairment in these patients.
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295
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Vulnerability of the frontal and parietal regions in hypertensive patients during working memory task. J Hypertens 2017; 35:1044-1051. [PMID: 28118278 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is related with cognitive decline in the elderly. The frontal-parietal executive system plays an important role in cognitive aging and is also vulnerable to damage in elderly patients with hypertension. Examination of the brain's functional characteristics in frontal-parietal regions of hypertension is likely to be important for understanding the neural mechanisms of hypertension's effect on cognitive aging. METHODS We address this issue by comparing hypertension and control-performers in a functional MRI study. Twenty-eight hypertensive patients and 32 elderly controls were tested with n-back task with two load levels. RESULTS The hypertensive patients exhibited worse executive and memory abilities than control subjects. The patterns of brain activation changed under different working memory loads in the hypertensive patients, who exhibited reduced activation only in the precentral gyrus under low loads and reduced activation in the middle frontal gyrus, left medial superior frontal gyrus and right precuneus under high loads. Thus, more regions of diminished activation were observed in the frontal and parietal regions with increasing task difficulty. More importantly, we found that lower activation in changed frontal and parietal regions was associated with worse cognitive function in high loads. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate the relationship between cognitive function and frontoparietal functional activation in hypertension and their relevance to cognitive aging risk. Our findings provide a better understanding of the mechanism of cognitive decline in hypertension and highlight the importance of brain protection in hypertension.
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296
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Mossad SI, Smith ML, Pang EW, Taylor MJ. Neural correlates of "Theory of Mind" in very preterm born children. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:5577-5589. [PMID: 28766907 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Very preterm (VPT) birth (<32 weeks' gestational age) has been implicated in social-cognitive deficits including Theory of Mind (ToM); the ability to attribute mental states to others and understand that those beliefs can differ from one's own or reality. The neural bases for ToM deficits in VPT born children have not been examined. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) for its excellent spatial and temporal resolution to determine the neural underpinnings of ToM in 24 VPT and 24 full-term born (FT) children (7-13 years). VPT children performed more poorly on neuropsychological measures of ToM but not inhibition. In the MEG task, both FT children and VPT children recruited regions involved in false belief processing such as the rIFG (VPT: 275-350 ms, FT: 250-375 ms) and left inferior temporal gyrus (VPT: 375-450 ms, FT: 325-375 ms) and right fusiform gyrus (VPT: 150-200 ms, FT: 175-250 ms). The rIPL (included in the temporal-parietal junction) was recruited in FT children (475-575 ms) and the lTPJ in VPT children (500-575 ms). However, activations in all regions were reduced in the VPT compared to the FT group. We suggest that with increasing social-cognitive demands such as varying the type of scenarios in the standardized measure of ToM, reduced activations in the rIFG and TPJ in the VPT group may reflect the decreased performance. With access to both spatial and temporal information, we discuss the role of domain general and specific regions of the ToM network in both groups. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5577-5589, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I Mossad
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mary Lou Smith
- Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth W Pang
- Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Margot J Taylor
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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297
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Monge ZA, Geib BR, Siciliano RE, Packard LE, Tallman CW, Madden DJ. Functional modular architecture underlying attentional control in aging. Neuroimage 2017; 155:257-270. [PMID: 28476664 PMCID: PMC5512538 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research suggests that age-related differences in attention reflect the interaction of top-down and bottom-up processes, but the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying this interaction remain an active area of research. Here, within a sample of community-dwelling adults 19-78 years of age, we used diffusion reaction time (RT) modeling and multivariate functional connectivity to investigate the behavioral components and whole-brain functional networks, respectively, underlying bottom-up and top-down attentional processes during conjunction visual search. During functional MRI scanning, participants completed a conjunction visual search task in which each display contained one item that was larger than the other items (i.e., a size singleton) but was not informative regarding target identity. This design allowed us to examine in the RT components and functional network measures the influence of (a) additional bottom-up guidance when the target served as the size singleton, relative to when the distractor served as the size singleton (i.e., size singleton effect) and (b) top-down processes during target detection (i.e., target detection effect; target present vs. absent trials). We found that the size singleton effect (i.e., increased bottom-up guidance) was associated with RT components related to decision and nondecision processes, but these effects did not vary with age. Also, a modularity analysis revealed that frontoparietal module connectivity was important for both the size singleton and target detection effects, but this module became central to the networks through different mechanisms for each effect. Lastly, participants 42 years of age and older, in service of the target detection effect, relied more on between-frontoparietal module connections. Our results further elucidate mechanisms through which frontoparietal regions support attentional control and how these mechanisms vary in relation to adult age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Monge
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Benjamin R Geib
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Rachel E Siciliano
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lauren E Packard
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Catherine W Tallman
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David J Madden
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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298
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Semantic congruent audiovisual integration during the encoding stage of working memory: an ERP and sLORETA study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5112. [PMID: 28698594 PMCID: PMC5505990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although multisensory integration is an inherent component of functional brain organization, multisensory integration during working memory (WM) has attracted little attention. The present study investigated the neural properties underlying the multisensory integration of WM by comparing semantically related bimodal stimulus presentations with unimodal stimulus presentations and analysing the results using the standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) source location approach. The results showed that the memory retrieval reaction times during congruent audiovisual conditions were faster than those during unisensory conditions. Moreover, our findings indicated that the event-related potential (ERP) for simultaneous audiovisual stimuli differed from the ERP for the sum of unisensory constituents during the encoding stage and occurred within a 236-530 ms timeframe over the frontal and parietal-occipital electrodes. The sLORETA images revealed a distributed network of brain areas that participate in the multisensory integration of WM. These results suggested that information inputs from different WM subsystems yielded nonlinear multisensory interactions and became integrated during the encoding stage. The multicomponent model of WM indicates that the central executive could play a critical role in the integration of information from different slave systems.
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299
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Mueller A, Hong DS, Shepard S, Moore T. Linking ADHD to the Neural Circuitry of Attention. Trends Cogn Sci 2017; 21:474-488. [PMID: 28483638 PMCID: PMC5497785 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex condition with a heterogeneous presentation. Current diagnosis is primarily based on subjective experience and observer reports of behavioral symptoms - an approach that has significant limitations. Many studies show that individuals with ADHD exhibit poorer performance on cognitive tasks than neurotypical controls, and at least seven main functional domains appear to be implicated in ADHD. We discuss the underlying neural mechanisms of cognitive functions associated with ADHD, with emphasis on the neural basis of selective attention, demonstrating the feasibility of basic research approaches for further understanding cognitive behavioral processes as they relate to human psychopathology. The study of circuit-level mechanisms underlying executive functions in nonhuman primates holds promise for advancing our understanding, and ultimately the treatment, of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Mueller
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - David S Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Steven Shepard
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tirin Moore
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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300
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Park H, Park YH, Cha J, Seo SW, Na DL, Lee JM. Agreement between functional connectivity and cortical thickness-driven correlation maps of the medial frontal cortex. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171803. [PMID: 28328993 PMCID: PMC5362042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parcellation of the human cortex has important implications in neuroscience. Parcellation is often a crucial requirement before meaningful regional analysis can occur. The human cortex can be parcellated into distinct regions based on structural features, such as gyri and sulci. Brain network patterns in a given region with respect to its neighbors, known as connectional fingerprints, can be used to parcellate the cortex. Distinct imaging modalities might provide complementary information for brain parcellation. Here, we established functional connectivity with time series data from functional MRI (fMRI) combined with a correlation map of cortical thickness obtained from T1-weighted MRI. We aimed to extend the previous study, which parcellated the medial frontal cortex (MFC) using functional connectivity, and to test the value of additional information regarding cortical thickness. Two types of network information were used to parcellate the MFC into two sub-regions with spectral and Ward's clustering approaches. The MFC region was defined using manual delineation based on in-house data (n = 12). Parcellation was applied to independent large-scale data obtained from the Human Connectome Project (HCP, n = 248). Agreement between parcellation using fMRI- and thickness-driven connectivity yielded dice coefficient overlaps of 0.74 (Ward's clustering) and 0.54 (spectral clustering). We also explored whole brain connectivity using the MFC sub-regions as seed regions based on these two types of information. The results of whole brain connectivity analyses were also consistent for both types of information. We observed that an inter-regional correlation map derived from cortical thickness strongly reflected the underlying functional connectivity of MFC region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Park
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yeong-Hun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungho Cha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk L. Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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