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Impact of Food Additive Titanium Dioxide on Gut Microbiota Composition, Microbiota-Associated Functions, and Gut Barrier: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Animal Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042008. [PMID: 33669592 PMCID: PMC7922260 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is used as a food additive in pastries, sweets, and sauces. It is recognized as safe by food safety authorities, but in recent years, governments and scientists have raised concerns about its genotoxicity. This systematic review aims to assess the potential associations between food TiO2 exposure and microbiota composition and functions. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed up to December 2020 in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The PRISMA guidelines followed. The risk of bias was assessed from ARRIVE and SYRCLE tools. Results: A total of 18 animal studies were included (n = 10 mice, n = 5 rats, n = 2 fruit flies, n = 1 silkworm). Studies varied significantly in protocols and outcomes assessment. TiO2 exposure might cause variations in abundance in specific bacterial species and lead to gut dysfunctions such as a reduction in SCFAs levels, goblet cells and crypts, mucus production, and increased biomarkers of intestinal inflammation. Conclusions: Although the extrapolation of these results from animals to humans remains difficult, this review highlights the key role of gut microbiota in gut nanotoxicology and stimulates discussions on the safe TiO2 use in food and dietary supplements. This systematic review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020223968.
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Rocchetti MT, Di Iorio BR, Vacca M, Cosola C, Marzocco S, di Bari I, Calabrese FM, Ciarcia R, De Angelis M, Gesualdo L. Ketoanalogs' Effects on Intestinal Microbiota Modulation and Uremic Toxins Serum Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease (Medika2 Study). J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040840. [PMID: 33670711 PMCID: PMC7922022 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional therapy (NT) is a therapeutic option in the conservative treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients to delay the start of dialysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the specific effect of ketoanalogs (KA)-supplemented diets for gut microbiota modulation. In a previous study we observed that the Mediterranean diet (MD) and a KA-supplemented very-low-protein diet (VLPD) modulated beneficially gut microbiota, reducing indoxyl- and p-cresyl-sulfate (IS, PCS) serum levels, and ameliorating the intestinal permeability in CKD patients. In the current study, we added a third diet regimen consisting of KA-supplemented MD. Forty-three patients with CKD grades 3B–4 continuing the crossover clinical trial were assigned to six months of KA-supplemented MD (MD + KA). Compared to MD, KA-supplementation in MD + KA determined (i) a decrease of Clostridiaceae, Methanobacteriaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Lactobacillaceae while Bacteroidaceae and Lachnospiraceae increased; (ii) a reduction of total and free IS and PCS compared to a free diet (FD)—more than the MD, but not as effectively as the VLPD. These results further clarify the driving role of urea levels in regulating gut integrity status and demonstrating that the reduction of azotemia produced by KA-supplemented VLPD was more effective than KA-supplemented MD in gut microbiota modulation mainly due to the effect of the drastic reduction of protein intake rather than the effect of KA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Rocchetti
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, “AldoMoro” University, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.C.); (I.d.B.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, “Aldo Moro” University, Bari, Via G. Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (F.M.C.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Carmela Cosola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, “AldoMoro” University, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.C.); (I.d.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Ighli di Bari
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, “AldoMoro” University, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.C.); (I.d.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Francesco Maria Calabrese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, “Aldo Moro” University, Bari, Via G. Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (F.M.C.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Roberto Ciarcia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, “Aldo Moro” University, Bari, Via G. Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (F.M.C.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, “AldoMoro” University, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.C.); (I.d.B.); (L.G.)
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253
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Carranza-Naval MJ, Vargas-Soria M, Hierro-Bujalance C, Baena-Nieto G, Garcia-Alloza M, Infante-Garcia C, del Marco A. Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes: Role of Diet, Microbiota and Inflammation in Preclinical Models. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020262. [PMID: 33578998 PMCID: PMC7916805 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Epidemiological studies show the association between AD and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), although the mechanisms are not fully understood. Dietary habits and lifestyle, that are risk factors in both diseases, strongly modulate gut microbiota composition. Also, the brain-gut axis plays a relevant role in AD, diabetes and inflammation, through products of bacterial metabolism, like short-chain fatty acids. We provide a comprehensive review of current literature on the relation between dysbiosis, altered inflammatory cytokines profile and microglia in preclinical models of AD, T2DM and models that reproduce both diseases as commonly observed in the clinic. Increased proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, are widely detected. Microbiome analysis shows alterations in Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes or Firmicutes phyla, among others. Altered α- and β-diversity is observed in mice depending on genotype, gender and age; therefore, alterations in bacteria taxa highly depend on the models and approaches. We also review the use of pre- and probiotic supplements, that by favoring a healthy microbiome ameliorate AD and T2DM pathologies. Whereas extensive studies have been carried out, further research would be necessary to fully understand the relation between diet, microbiome and inflammation in AD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Carranza-Naval
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (M.J.C.-N.); (M.V.-S.); (C.H.-B.); (M.G.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
- Salus Infirmorum, Universidad de Cadiz, 11005 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Maria Vargas-Soria
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (M.J.C.-N.); (M.V.-S.); (C.H.-B.); (M.G.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
| | - Carmen Hierro-Bujalance
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (M.J.C.-N.); (M.V.-S.); (C.H.-B.); (M.G.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
| | - Gloria Baena-Nieto
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
- Department of Endocrinology, Jerez Hospital, Jerez de la Frontera, 11407 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Monica Garcia-Alloza
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (M.J.C.-N.); (M.V.-S.); (C.H.-B.); (M.G.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
| | - Carmen Infante-Garcia
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (M.J.C.-N.); (M.V.-S.); (C.H.-B.); (M.G.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
- Correspondence: (C.I.-G.); (A.d.M.)
| | - Angel del Marco
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (M.J.C.-N.); (M.V.-S.); (C.H.-B.); (M.G.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
- Correspondence: (C.I.-G.); (A.d.M.)
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254
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Coutinho-Wolino KS, de F Cardozo LFM, de Oliveira Leal V, Mafra D, Stockler-Pinto MB. Can diet modulate trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) production? What do we know so far? Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3567-3584. [PMID: 33533968 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite that has attracted attention due to its positive association with several chronic non-communicable diseases such as insulin resistance, atherosclerotic plaque formation, diabetes, cancer, heart failure, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, liver steatosis, cardiac fibrosis, endothelial injury, neural degeneration and Alzheimer's disease. TMAO production results from the fermentation by the gut microbiota of dietary nutrients such as choline and carnitine, which are transformed to trimethylamine (TMA) and converted into TMAO in the liver by flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 and 3 (FMO1 and FMO3). Considering that TMAO is involved in the development of many chronic diseases, strategies have been found to enhance a healthy gut microbiota. In this context, some studies have shown that nutrients and bioactive compounds from food can modulate the gut microbiota and possibly reduce TMAO production. OBJECTIVE This review has as main objective to discuss the studies that demonstrated the effects of food on the reduction of this harmful metabolite. METHODS All relevant articles until November 2020 were included. The articles were searched in Medline through PubMed. RESULTS Both the food is eaten acutely and chronically, by altering the nature of the gut microbiota, influencing colonic TMA production. Furthermore, hepatic production of TMAO by the flavin monooxygenases in the liver may also be influenced by phenolic compounds present in foods. CONCLUSION The evidence presented in this review shows that TMAO levels can be reduced by some bioactive compounds. However, it is crucial to notice that there is significant variation among the studies. Further clinical studies should be conducted to evaluate these dietary components' effectiveness, dose, and intervention time on TMAO levels and its precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludmila F M de F Cardozo
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Viviane de Oliveira Leal
- Division of Nutrition, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Milena Barcza Stockler-Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
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255
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Eslami M, Bahar A, Hemati M, Rasouli Nejad Z, Mehranfar F, Karami S, Kobyliak NM, Yousefi B. Dietary pattern, colonic microbiota and immunometabolism interaction: new frontiers for diabetes mellitus and related disorders. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14415. [PMID: 33025587 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the numerous possible mechanisms that provide supportive evidence for how colonic dysbiosis denotes metabolic dysfunction, dysregulates glucose homeostasis and leads to diabetes mellitus and related metabolic disorders are defined. Information was gathered from articles identified by systematic reviews and searches using Google, PubMed and Scopus. The composition of the colonic microbiota plays an integral role in maintaining host homeostasis by affecting both metabolic activities and underlying functional gene transcription in individuals with diabetes and related metabolic disorders. Increased colonic microbiome-derived concentrations of lipopolysaccharides, also known as 'metabolic endotoxaemia', as well as alterations in bile acid metabolism, short-chain fatty acids, intestinal hormones and branched-chain amino acid secretion have been associated with the diverse production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the recruitment of inflammatory cells. It has been shown that changes to intestinal bacterial composition are significant even in early childhood and are associated with the pathogenesis of both types of diabetes. We hope that an improved understanding of related mechanisms linking the colonic microbiome with glucose metabolism might provide for innovative therapeutic approaches that would bring the ideal intestinal ecosystem to a state of optimal health, thus preventing and treating diabetes and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eslami
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan, Iran
| | - A Bahar
- Department of Biochemistry, Semnan, Iran
| | - M Hemati
- Department of Immunology, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - F Mehranfar
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - S Karami
- Department of Biochemistry, Semnan, Iran
| | - N M Kobyliak
- Department of Endocrinology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - B Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, Semnan, Iran
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256
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257
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Kozhieva M, Naumova N, Alikina T, Boyko A, Vlassov V, Kabilov MR. The Core of Gut Life: Firmicutes Profile in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010055. [PMID: 33466726 PMCID: PMC7828771 DOI: 10.3390/life11010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence rate has been increasing in Russia, but the information about the gut bacteriobiome in the MS-afflicted patients is scarce. Using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, we aimed to analyze the Firmicutes phylum and its taxa in a cohort of Moscow patients with relapsing-remitting MS, assessing the effects of age, BMI, disease modifying therapy (DMT), disability (EDSS), and gender. Among 1252 identified bacterial OTUs, 857 represented Firmicutes. The phylum was the most abundant also in sequence reads, overall averaging 74 ± 13%. The general linear model (GLM) analysis implicated Firmicutes/Clostridia/Clostridiales/Lachospiraceae/Blautia/Blautia wexlerae as increasing with BMI, and only Lachospiraceae/Blautia/Blautia wexlerae as increasing with age. A marked DMT-related decrease in Firmicutes was observed in females at the phylum, class (Clostridia), and order (Clostridiales) levels. The results of our study implicate DMT and gender as factors shaping the fecal Firmicutes assemblages. Together with the gender-dependent differential MS incidence growth rate in the country, the results suggest the likely involvement of gender-specific pathoecological mechanisms underlying the occurrence of the disease, switching between its phenotypes and response to disease-modifying therapies. Overall, the presented profile of Firmicutes can be used as a reference for more detailed research aimed at elucidating the contribution of this core phylum and its lower taxa into the etiology and progression of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madina Kozhieva
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics of the Pirogov Medical University, 117513 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalia Naumova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.A.); (V.V.); (M.R.K.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Tatiana Alikina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.A.); (V.V.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Alexey Boyko
- Department of Neuroimmunology of the Federal Center of CVPI, 117513 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Valentin Vlassov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.A.); (V.V.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Marsel R. Kabilov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.A.); (V.V.); (M.R.K.)
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258
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Serra CR, Oliva-Teles A, Enes P, Tavares F. Gut microbiota dynamics in carnivorous European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed plant-based diets. Sci Rep 2021; 11:447. [PMID: 33432059 PMCID: PMC7801451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy gastrointestinal microbiota is essential for host fitness, and strongly modulated by host diet. In aquaculture, a current challenge is to feed carnivorous fish with plant-feedstuffs in substitution of fish meal, an unsustainable commodity. Plants have a limited nutritive value due to the presence of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) which are not metabolized by fish. In this work we assessed the effects of NSP-enriched diets on European seabass gut microbiota and evaluate the selective pressure of plant feedstuffs towards gut microbes with NSP-hydrolytic potential, i.e. capable to convert indigestible dietary constituents in fish metabolites. Triplicate groups of European seabass juveniles were fed a fish meal-based diet (control) or three plant-based diets (SBM, soybean meal; RSM, rapeseed meal; SFM, sunflower meal) for 6 weeks, before recovering intestinal samples for microbiota analysis, using the Illumina's MiSeq platform. Plant-based diets impacted differently digesta and mucosal microbiota. A decrease (p = 0.020) on species richness, accompanied by a decline on the relative abundance of specific phyla such as Acidobacteria (p = 0.030), was observed in digesta samples of SBM and RSM experimental fish, but no effects were seen in mucosa-associated microbiota. Plant-based diets favored the Firmicutes (p = 0.01), in particular the Bacillaceae (p = 0.017) and Clostridiaceae (p = 0.007), two bacterial families known to harbor carbohydrate active enzymes and thus putatively more prone to grow in high NSP environments. Overall, bacterial gut communities of European seabass respond to plant-feedstuffs with adjustments in the presence of transient microorganisms (allochthonous) with carbohydrolytic potential, while maintaining a balanced core (autochthonous) microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia R Serra
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Universidade do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Universidade do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Enes
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Universidade do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Tavares
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- CIBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO - Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
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259
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Sugama J, Moritoh Y, Yashiro H, Tsuchimori K, Watanabe M. Enteropeptidase inhibition improves obesity by modulating gut microbiota composition and enterobacterial metabolites in diet-induced obese mice. Pharmacol Res 2021; 163:105337. [PMID: 33276106 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Enteropeptidase is a transmembrane serine protease localized in the lumen of the duodenum that acts as a key enzyme for protein digestion. SCO-792 is an orally available enteropeptidase inhibitor that has been reported to have therapeutic effects on obesity and diabetes in mice. However, the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of SCO-792 has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the role of gut microbiota on SCO-792-induced body weight (BW) reduction in high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Chronic administration of SCO-792 substantially decreased BW and food intake in DIO mice. While the pair-fed study uncovered food intake-independent mechanisms of BW reduction by SCO-792. Interestingly, antibiotics-induced microbiota elimination in the gut canceled SCO-792-induced BW reduction by nearly half without affecting the anorectic effect, indicating the involvement of gut microbiota in the anti-obesity mechanism that is independent of food intake reduction. Microbiome analysis revealed that SCO-792 altered the gut microbiota composition in DIO mice. Notably, it was found that the abundance of Firmicutes decreased while that of Verrucomicrobia increased at the phylum level. Increased abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, a bacterium known to be useful for host metabolism, was observed in SCO-792-treated mice. Fecal metabolome analysis revealed increased amino acid levels, indicating gut enteropeptidase inhibition. In addition, SCO-792 was found to increase the level of short-chain fatty acids, including propionate, and bile acids in the feces, which all help maintain gut health and improve metabolism. Furthermore, it was found that SCO-792 induced the elevation of colonic immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration, which may maintain the microbiota condition, in DIO mice. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the contribution of microbiota to SCO-792-induced BW reduction. Enteropeptidase-mediated regulation of microbiota, enterobacterial metabolites, and IgA in the gut may coordinately drive the therapeutic effects of SCO-792 in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sugama
- Research and Development Division, SCOHIA PHARMA Inc., Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Moritoh
- Research and Development Division, SCOHIA PHARMA Inc., Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Yashiro
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazue Tsuchimori
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Watanabe
- Research and Development Division, SCOHIA PHARMA Inc., Kanagawa, Japan.
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260
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Abstract
The functional diversity of the mammalian intestinal microbiome far exceeds that of the host organism, and microbial genes contribute substantially to the well-being of the host. However, beneficial gut organisms can also be pathogenic when present in the gut or other locations in the body. Among dominant beneficial bacteria are several species of Bacteroides, which metabolize polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, providing nutrition and vitamins to the host and other intestinal microbial residents. These topics and the specific organismal and molecular interactions that are known to be responsible for the beneficial and detrimental effects of Bacteroides species in humans comprise the focus of this review. The complexity of these interactions will be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Zafar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara,Okara, PunjabPakistan
| | - Milton H. Saier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, USA
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261
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de la Garza AL, Romero-Delgado B, Martínez-Tamez AM, Cárdenas-Tueme M, Camacho-Zamora BD, Matta-Yee-Chig D, Sánchez-Tapia M, Torres N, Camacho-Morales A. Maternal Sweeteners Intake Modulates Gut Microbiota and Exacerbates Learning and Memory Processes in Adult Male Offspring. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:746437. [PMID: 35071124 PMCID: PMC8777273 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.746437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is increasing evidence that gut microbiota in offspring is derived in part from maternal environment such as diet. Thus, sweeteners intake including caloric or non-caloric during perinatal period can induce gut dysbiosis and program the offspring to develop cognitive problems later in life. Objective: To determine the effect of maternal high-sweeteners intake during gestation and lactation on gut microbiota shifts in adult male offspring rats and the impact on cognitive dysfunction. Methods: Thirty-four male pups from dams fed standard diet (Control-C, n = 10), high-sucrose diet (HS-C, n = 11), high-honey diet (Ho-C, n = 8), and high-stevia diet (HSt-C, n = 5) were fed standard diet after weaning, and body weight and food intake were recorded once a week for 26 weeks. Learning and memory tests were performed at week 23 of life using the Barnes maze. Fecal samples from the breastfeeding and adulthood periods were collected and analyzed by sequencing the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region of gut microbiota. Results: Maternal high-sucrose and stevia diets programmed the male offspring, and changes in microbial diversity by Shannon index were observed after weaning (p < 0.01). Furthermore, maternal high-stevia diet programming lasted into adulthood. The increase of Firmicutes abundance and the decrease in phylum Bacteroidetes were significant in HS-C and HSt-C groups. This led to an increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes index, although only in HS-C group was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Of note, the downstream gram-negative Bacteroidales and the upregulation of the gram-positive Clostridiales abundance contribute to cognitive dysfunction. Conclusion: These results suggest that dams fed a high-sucrose and stevia diets during gestation and lactation favor a deficient memory performance in adult male offspring rats through shifts gut microbiota diversity and relative abundance at several taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura de la Garza
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Monterrey, Mexico.,Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Unidad de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Bianca Romero-Delgado
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Mayela Martínez-Tamez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Marcela Cárdenas-Tueme
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Genética, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Bianka Dianey Camacho-Zamora
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Unidad de Genómica, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Daniel Matta-Yee-Chig
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Unidad de Genómica, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Mónica Sánchez-Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alberto Camacho-Morales
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Monterrey, Mexico.,Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Unidad de Neurometabolismo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico
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262
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Gut Bacterial Dysbiosis in Children with Intractable Epilepsy. J Clin Med 2020; 10:jcm10010005. [PMID: 33375063 PMCID: PMC7792797 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A few published clinical studies have evaluated the association between gut microbiota in intractable epilepsy, but with inconsistent results. We hypothesized that the factors associated with the gut bacterial composition, such as age and geography, contributed to the discrepancies. Therefore, we used a cohort that was designed to minimize the effects of possible confounding factors and compared the gut microbiota between children with intractable epilepsy and healthy controls. Eight children with intractable epilepsy aged 1 to 7 years and 32 age-matched healthy participants were included. We collected stool samples and questionnaires on their diet and bowel habits at two time points and analyzed the gut microbiota compositions. In the epilepsy group, the amount of Bacteroidetes was lower (Mann-Whitney test, false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.01) and the amount of Actinobacteria was higher (FDR < 0.01) than in the healthy group. The epilepsy subjects were 1.6- to 1.7-fold lower in microbiota richness indices (FDR < 0.01) and harbored a distinct species composition (p < 0.01) compared to the healthy controls. Species biomarkers for intractable epilepsy included the Enterococcus faecium group, Bifidobacterium longum group, and Eggerthella lenta, while the strongest functional biomarker was the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. Our study identified gut bacterial dysbiosis associated with intractable epilepsy within the cohort that was controlled for the factors that could affect the gut microbiota.
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263
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Hu J, Zhang L, Lin W, Tang W, Chan FKL, Ng SC. Review article: Probiotics, prebiotics and dietary approaches during COVID-19 pandemic. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020; 108:187-196. [PMID: 33519087 PMCID: PMC7833886 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Patients with COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 exhibit diverse clinical manifestations and severity including enteric involvement. Commensal gut bacteria can contribute to defense against potential pathogens by promoting beneficial immune interactions. Interventions targeting the gut microbiome may have systemic anti-viral effects in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Scope and approach To summarise alterations of gut microbiota in patients with COVID-19 including impact of specific bacteria on disease severity, discuss current knowledge on the role of probiotics, prebiotics and dietary approaches including vitamin D in preventing and reducing disease susceptibility and review clinical studies using probiotics to target coronavirus. A literature review on SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, gut microbiome and immunity was undertaken and relevant literature was summarised and critically examined. Key findings and conclusions Integrity of gut microbiome was perturbed in SARS-CoV-2 infections and associated with disease severity. Poor prognosis in SARS-CoV-2 infection was observed in subjects with underlying co-morbidities who had increased gut permeability and reduced gut microbiome diversity. Dietary microbes, including probiotics or selected prebiotics of Chinese origin, had anti-viral effects against other forms of coronavirus, and could positively impact host immune functions during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Numerous studies are investigating the role of probiotics in preventing and reducing susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers, household contacts and affected patients. An approach to strengthen intestinal barrier and lower pro-inflammatory states by adopting a more diversified diet during COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with immune dysfunction and gut microbiota alterations. Delineating mechanisms of probiotics, prebiotics and diet with anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity present opportunities for discovery of microbial therapeutics to prevent and treat COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in immune dysfunction and gut microbiota alterations. Probiotics or prebiotics could improve host immune functions during the infection. Enhance gut barrier by diversified diet was recommended during COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielun Hu
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Winnie Lin
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Microbiota I-Center (MagIC) Limited, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Whitney Tang
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Microbiota I-Center (MagIC) Limited, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siew C Ng
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Microbiota I-Center (MagIC) Limited, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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264
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Guerre P. Mycotoxin and Gut Microbiota Interactions. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E769. [PMID: 33291716 PMCID: PMC7761905 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between mycotoxins and gut microbiota were discovered early in animals and explained part of the differences in susceptibility to mycotoxins among species. Isolation of microbes present in the gut responsible for biotransformation of mycotoxins into less toxic metabolites and for binding mycotoxins led to the development of probiotics, enzymes, and cell extracts that are used to prevent mycotoxin toxicity in animals. More recently, bioactivation of mycotoxins into toxic compounds, notably through the hydrolysis of masked mycotoxins, revealed that the health benefits of the effect of the gut microbiota on mycotoxins can vary strongly depending on the mycotoxin and the microbe concerned. Interactions between mycotoxins and gut microbiota can also be observed through the effect of mycotoxins on the gut microbiota. Changes of gut microbiota secondary to mycotoxin exposure may be the consequence of the antimicrobial properties of mycotoxins or the toxic effect of mycotoxins on epithelial and immune cells in the gut, and liberation of antimicrobial peptides by these cells. Whatever the mechanism involved, exposure to mycotoxins leads to changes in the gut microbiota composition at the phylum, genus, and species level. These changes can lead to disruption of the gut barrier function and bacterial translocation. Changes in the gut microbiota composition can also modulate the toxicity of toxic compounds, such as bacterial toxins and of mycotoxins themselves. A last consequence for health of the change in the gut microbiota secondary to exposure to mycotoxins is suspected through variations observed in the amount and composition of the volatile fatty acids and sphingolipids that are normally present in the digesta, and that can contribute to the occurrence of chronic diseases in human. The purpose of this work is to review what is known about mycotoxin and gut microbiota interactions, the mechanisms involved in these interactions, and their practical application, and to identify knowledge gaps and future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Guerre
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, F-31076 Toulouse, France
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265
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Potential role of the gut microbiota in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: Implication for intervention. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 82:193-199. [PMID: 33257156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in the occurrence and development of neuroimmunological diseases. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that is characterized by the peripheral production of the disease-specific serum autoantibody aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG. Recently, accumulating evidence has provided insights into the associations of gut microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal mucosal barrier destruction with NMOSD, but the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. Thus, a microbiota intervention might be a potential therapeutic strategy for NMOSD by regulating the gut microbiota, repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier, and modulating intestinal immunity and peripheral immunity.
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266
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Rinninella E, Cintoni M, Raoul P, Gasbarrini A, Mele MC. Food Additives, Gut Microbiota, and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Hidden Track. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8816. [PMID: 33260947 PMCID: PMC7730902 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between diet, gut microbiota, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have many complex mechanisms that are not fully understood. Food additives are one component of the modern human diet that deserves attention from science and government policies. This review aims at identifying the current knowledge about the impact of food additives on gut microbiota and their potential role in the development of IBS. To date, few data on the effect of food additives on gut microbiota in IBS patients are available. However, exposure to food additives could induce the dysbiosis and dysregulation of gut homeostasis with an alteration of the gut barrier and activation of the immune response. These microbial changes could exacerbate the gut symptoms associated with IBS, such as visceral pain, low-grade inflammation, and changes in bowel habits. Some additives (polyols) are excluded in the low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharide, and polyol (FODMAP), diets for IBS patients. Even if most studies have been performed in animals, and human studies are required, many artificial sweeteners, emulsifiers, and food colorants could represent a potential hidden driver of IBS, through gut microbiota alterations. Consequently, food additives should be preventively avoided in the diet as well as dietary supplements for patients with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Rinninella
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cintoni
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Scienza dell’Alimentazione, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pauline Raoul
- UOSD di Nutrizione Avanzata in Oncologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- UOSD di Nutrizione Avanzata in Oncologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.M.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
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267
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Pignatti C, D’Adamo S, Stefanelli C, Flamigni F, Cetrullo S. Nutrients and Pathways that Regulate Health Span and Life Span. Geriatrics (Basel) 2020; 5:geriatrics5040095. [PMID: 33228041 PMCID: PMC7709628 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics5040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both life span and health span are influenced by genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. With the genetic influence on human life span estimated to be about 20–25%, epigenetic changes play an important role in modulating individual health status and aging. Thus, a main part of life expectance and healthy aging is determined by dietary habits and nutritional factors. Excessive or restricted food consumption have direct effects on health status. Moreover, some dietary interventions including a reduced intake of dietary calories without malnutrition, or a restriction of specific dietary component may promote health benefits and decrease the incidence of aging-related comorbidities, thus representing intriguing potential approaches to improve healthy aging. However, the relationship between nutrition, health and aging is still not fully understood as well as the mechanisms by which nutrients and nutritional status may affect health span and longevity in model organisms. The broad effect of different nutritional conditions on health span and longevity occurs through multiple mechanisms that involve evolutionary conserved nutrient-sensing pathways in tissues and organs. These pathways interacting each other include the evolutionary conserved key regulators mammalian target of rapamycin, AMP-activated protein kinase, insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 pathway and sirtuins. In this review we provide a summary of the main molecular mechanisms by which different nutritional conditions, i.e., specific nutrient abundance or restriction, may affect health span and life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pignatti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Stefania D’Adamo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Stefanelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Flavio Flamigni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Silvia Cetrullo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-209-1241
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268
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Batista MA, Calvo-Fortes F, Silveira-Nunes G, Camatta GC, Speziali E, Turroni S, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Neretti N, Maioli TU, Santos RR, Brigidi P, Franceschi C, Faria AMC. Inflammaging in Endemic Areas for Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:579972. [PMID: 33262758 PMCID: PMC7688519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is marked by a systemic process named inflammaging along with a series of defects in the immunological activity that results in poor responses to infectious agents and to vaccination. Inflammaging, a state of low-grade chronic inflammation, usually leads to chronic inflammatory diseases and frailty in the elderly. However, some elderly escape from frailty and reach advanced age free of the consequences of inflammaging. This process has been called immunological remodeling, and it is the hallmark of healthy aging as described in the studies of centenarians in Italy. The biological markers of healthy aging are still a matter of debate, and the studies on the topic have focused on inflammatory versus remodeling processes and molecules. The sub-clinical inflammatory status associated with aging might be a deleterious event for populations living in countries where chronic infectious diseases are not prevalent. Nevertheless, in other parts of the world where they are, two possibilities may occur. Inflammatory responses may have a protective effect against these infectious agents. At the same time, the long-term consequences of protective immune responses during chronic infections may result in accelerated immunosenescence in these individuals. Therefore, the biological markers of healthy aging can vary according to environmental, cultural, and geographical settings that reflect worldwide, and in a non-biased, non-westernized perspective, the changes that we experience regarding our contacts with microorganisms and the outcomes of such contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Andrade Batista
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Calvo-Fortes
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Silveira-Nunes
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Caliman Camatta
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elaine Speziali
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Neretti
- Departament of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ribeiro Santos
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Center for Biophysics, Bioinformatics, Biocomplexity, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory of Systems Biology of Healthy Aging, Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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269
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Zhu L, Li J, Wei C, Luo T, Deng Z, Fan Y, Zheng L. A polysaccharide from Fagopyrum esculentum Moench bee pollen alleviates microbiota dysbiosis to improve intestinal barrier function in antibiotic-treated mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:10519-10533. [PMID: 33179663 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01948h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are the most commonly used clinical drugs for anti-infection, but they can also destroy normal microorganisms and cause intestinal barrier dysfunction. To elucidate the effects and mechanism of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Fagopyrum esculentum Moench bee pollen (WFPP) on intestinal barrier integrity in antibiotic-treated mice, BALB/c mice were exposed to a broad-spectrum antibiotic (ceftriaxone) or not (control), and were administered low-, medium- and high-dose WFFP (100 mg kg-1, 200 mg kg-1 and 400 mg kg-1, respectively) daily by oral gavage for 3 weeks. Mice treated with ceftriaxone displayed symptoms of growth retardation, atrophy of immune organs including thymus and spleen, increased gut permeability, and intestinal barrier damage, which were restored after intervention with WFFP at different doses. Moreover, the beneficial effects of WFFP were closely associated with enhanced intestinal sIgA secretion and reduced inflammatory response. Furthermore 16S rDNA gene sequencing revealed that WFPP elevated microbial diversity and richness and changed the community structure, therefore, alleviating microbiota dysbiosis caused by ceftriaxone. Interestingly, WFPP could modulate the abundance of sIgA secretion-related bacteria (e.g. Proteobacteria) and inflammation-related bacteria (e.g. Enterococcus). Therefore, WFPP can relieve antibiotic-induced microbiota dysbiosis to improve intestinal barrier integrity by increasing intestinal sIgA secretion and inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, P. R. China.
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270
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Binienda A, Twardowska A, Makaro A, Salaga M. Dietary Carbohydrates and Lipids in the Pathogenesis of Leaky Gut Syndrome: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218368. [PMID: 33171587 PMCID: PMC7664638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent knowledge on the effects of dietary carbohydrates and lipids on the pathophysiology of leaky gut syndrome (LGS). Alterations in intestinal barrier permeability may lead to serious gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. LGS is caused by intestinal hyperpermeability due to changes in the expression levels and functioning of tight junctions. The influence of dietary habits on intestinal physiology is clearly visible in incidence rates of intestinal diseases in industrial and developing countries. Diseases which are linked to intestinal hyperpermeability tend to localize to Westernized countries, where a diet rich in fats and refined carbohydrates predominates. Several studies suggest that fructose is one of the key carbohydrates involved in the regulation of the intestinal permeability and its overuse may cause harmful effects, such as tight junction protein dysfunction. On the other hand, short chain fatty acids (mainly butyrate) at appropriate concentrations may lead to the reduction of intestinal permeability, which is beneficial in LGS. However, long chain fatty acids, including n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids have unclear properties. Some of those behave as components untightening and tightening the intestinal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maciej Salaga
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-272-57-07; Fax: +48-42-272-56-94
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271
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Interplay between dietary phenolic compound intake and the human gut microbiome in hypertension: A cross-sectional study. Food Chem 2020; 344:128567. [PMID: 33203597 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, potential associations between dietary phenolic compounds (PCs), gut microbiota composition and targeted faecal metabolites were identified in a cross-sectional study including grade 1 hypertensive (HT) and normotensive (NT) subjects. We performed comprehensive quantification of PC intake, together with 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the gut microbiota, and faecal and plasma short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) determination. The results showed multiple-way relationships between PCs from several plant-based foods and 25 bacterial taxa previously defined as discriminant biomarkers among groups. Remarkably, coffee PCs were positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, faecal SCFAs, Bacteroides plebeius and Bacteroides coprocola in HT and negatively associated with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Christensenellaceae R-7 in NT. Olive fruit PCs were positively associated with Ruminococcaceae UCG-010, Christensenellaceae R-7 and plasma SCFAs in NT. These interplays with discriminant bacterial taxa in HT and NT subjects highlight the potential role of specific PCs as gut microbiome modulators in either the pathogenesis or prevention of hypertension.
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272
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Kim JE, Kim HE, Cho H, Park JI, Kwak MJ, Kim BY, Yang SH, Lee JP, Kim DK, Joo KW, Kim YS, Kim BS, Lee H. Effect of the similarity of gut microbiota composition between donor and recipient on graft function after living donor kidney transplantation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18881. [PMID: 33144672 PMCID: PMC7641223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft outcomes of unrelated donor kidney transplant are comparable with those of related donor kidney transplant despite their genetic distance. This study aimed to identify whether the similarity of donor–recipient gut microbiota composition affects early transplant outcomes. Stool samples from 67 pairs of kidney transplant recipients and donors were collected. Gut microbiota differences between donors and recipients were determined using weighted UniFrac distance. Among the donor–recipient pairs, 30 (44.8%) pairs were related, while 37 (55.2%) were unrelated. The unrelated pairs, especially spousal pairs, had similar microbial composition, and they more frequently shared their meals than related pairs did. The weighted UniFrac distance showed an inverse correlation with the 6-month allograft function (p = 0.034); the correlation was significant in the unrelated pairs (p = 0.003). In the unrelated pairs, the microbial distance showed an excellent accuracy in predicting the estimated glomerular filtration rate of < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at 6-months post-transplantation and was better than human leukocyte antigen incompatibility and rejection. The incidence of infection within 6 months post-transplantation increased in the recipients having dissimilar microbiota with donors compared to the other recipients. Thus, pre-transplantation microbial similarity in unrelated donors and recipients may be associated with 6-month allograft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 103 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Eun Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjeong Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji In Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Seung Hee Yang
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 103 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Wook Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 103 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 103 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hajeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 103 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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273
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Elmassry MM, Zayed A, Farag MA. Gut homeostasis and microbiota under attack: impact of the different types of food contaminants on gut health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:738-763. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1828263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moamen M. Elmassry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
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274
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Moreno-Arribas MV, Bartolomé B, Peñalvo JL, Pérez-Matute P, Motilva MJ. Relationship between Wine Consumption, Diet and Microbiome Modulation in Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3082. [PMID: 33050383 PMCID: PMC7600228 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to the most common form of dementia in elderly people. Modifiable dietary and lifestyle factors could either accelerate or ameliorate the aging process and the risk of developing AD and other age-related morbidities. Emerging evidence also reports a potential link between oral and gut microbiota alterations and AD. Dietary polyphenols, in particular wine polyphenols, are a major diver of oral and gut microbiota composition and function. Consequently, wine polyphenols health effects, mediated as a function of the individual's oral and gut microbiome are considered one of the recent greatest challenges in the field of neurodegenerative diseases as a promising strategy to prevent or slow down AD progression. This review highlights current knowledge on the link of oral and intestinal microbiome and the interaction between wine polyphenols and microbiota in the context of AD. Furthermore, the extent to which mechanisms bacteria and polyphenols and its microbial metabolites exert their action on communication pathways between the brain and the microbiota, as well as the impact of the molecular mediators to these interactions on AD patients, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Begoña Bartolomé
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José L. Peñalvo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Unit Noncommunicable Diseases, Natl Str 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | | | - Maria José Motilva
- Institute of Grapevine and Wine Sciences (ICVV), CSIC-University of La Rioja-Government of La Rioja, Autovía del Camino de Santiago LO-20 Exit 13, 26007 Logroño, Spain;
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275
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Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Sokal A, Filip R. What was First, Obesity or Inflammatory Bowel Disease? What Does the Gut Microbiota Have to Do with It? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103073. [PMID: 33050109 PMCID: PMC7600052 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle and inadequate nutrition often leads to disturbances in intestinal homeostasis, which may predispose people to excess body weight and metabolic syndrome. Obesity is frequently observed in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), similar to the general population. Obesity may exert a negative effect on the course of IBD as well as reduce the response to treatment. Moreover, it may also be an additional risk factor for vein thromboembolism during the flare. In both obesity and IBD, it is of great importance to implement proper dietary ingredients that exert desirable effect on gut microbiota. The key to reducing body mass index (BMI) and alleviating the course of IBD is preserving healthy intestinal microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jarmakiewicz-Czaja
- Medical College of Rzeszow University, Institute of Health Sciences, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Aneta Sokal
- Medical College of Rzeszow University, Institute of Health Sciences, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Rafał Filip
- Medical College of Rzeszow University, Institute of Medicine, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Department of Gastroenterology with IBD Unit, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
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276
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Effect of Dietary Magnesium Content on Intestinal Microbiota of Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092889. [PMID: 32971775 PMCID: PMC7551274 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Magnesium is a mineral that modulates several physiological processes. However, its relationship with intestinal microbiota has been scarcely studied. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the role of dietary magnesium content to modulate the intestinal microbiota of Wistar male rats. Methods: Rats were randomly assigned one of three diets: a control diet (C-Mg; 1000 mg/kg), a low magnesium content diet (L-Mg; 60 mg/kg), and a high magnesium content diet (H-Mg; 6000 mg/kg), for two weeks. After treatment, fecal samples were collected. Microbiota composition was assessed by sequencing the V3–V4 hypervariable region. Results: The C-Mg and L-Mg groups had more diversity than H-Mg group. CF231, SMB53, Dorea, Lactobacillus and Turibacter were enriched in the L-Mg group. In contrast, the phyla Proteobacteria, Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, and Victivallis were overrepresented in the H-Mg group. PICRUSt analysis indicated that fecal microbiota of the L-Mg group were encoded with an increased abundance of metabolic pathways involving carbohydrate metabolism and butanoate metabolism. Conclusion: Dietary magnesium supplementation can result in intestinal dysbiosis development in a situation where there is no magnesium deficiency. Conversely, low dietary magnesium consumption is associated with microbiota with a higher capacity to harvest energy from the diet.
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277
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Hericium erinaceus potentially rescues behavioural motor deficits through ERK-CREB-PSD95 neuroprotective mechanisms in rat model of 3-acetylpyridine-induced cerebellar ataxia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14945. [PMID: 32913245 PMCID: PMC7483741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxia is a neurodegenerative disorder with no definitive treatment. Although several studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of Hericium erinaceus (H.E.), its mechanisms in cerebellar ataxia remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of H.E. treatment in an animal model of 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP)-induced cerebellar ataxia. Animals administered 3-AP injection exhibited remarkable impairments in motor coordination and balance. There were no significant effects of 25 mg/kg H.E. on the 3-AP treatment group compared to the 3-AP saline group. Interestingly, there was also no significant difference in the 3-AP treatment group compared to the non-3-AP control, indicating a potential rescue of motor deficits. Our results revealed that 25 mg/kg H.E. normalised the neuroplasticity-related gene expression to the level of non-3-AP control. These findings were further supported by increased protein expressions of pERK1/2-pCREB-PSD95 as well as neuroprotective effects on cerebellar Purkinje cells in the 3-AP treatment group compared to the 3-AP saline group. In conclusion, our findings suggest that H.E. potentially rescued behavioural motor deficits through the neuroprotective mechanisms of ERK-CREB-PSD95 in an animal model of 3-AP-induced cerebellar ataxia.
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278
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Scarmozzino F, Poli A, Visioli F. Microbiota and cardiovascular disease risk: A scoping review. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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279
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Crocetto F, Boccellino M, Barone B, Di Zazzo E, Sciarra A, Galasso G, Settembre G, Quagliuolo L, Imbimbo C, Boffo S, Angelillo IF, Di Domenico M. The Crosstalk between Prostate Cancer and Microbiota Inflammation: Nutraceutical Products Are Useful to Balance This Interplay? Nutrients 2020; 12:E2648. [PMID: 32878054 PMCID: PMC7551491 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota shows pivotal roles in urologic health and disease. Emerging studies indicate that gut and urinary microbiomes can impact several urological diseases, both benignant and malignant, acting particularly on prostate inflammation and prostate cancer. Indeed, the microbiota exerts its influence on prostate cancer initiation and/or progression mechanisms through the regulation of chronic inflammation, apoptotic processes, cytokines, and hormonal production in response to different pathogenic noxae. Additionally, therapies' and drugs' responses are influenced in their efficacy and tolerability by microbiota composition. Due to this complex potential interconnection between prostate cancer and microbiota, exploration and understanding of the involved relationships is pivotal to evaluate a potential therapeutic application in clinical practice. Several natural compounds, moreover, seem to have relevant effects, directly or mediated by microbiota, on urologic health, posing the human microbiota at the crossroad between prostatic inflammation and prostate cancer development. Here, we aim to analyze the most recent evidence regarding the possible crosstalk between prostate, microbiome, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (B.B.); (C.I.)
| | - Mariarosaria Boccellino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (G.S.); (L.Q.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Biagio Barone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (B.B.); (C.I.)
| | - Erika Di Zazzo
- Department of Health Science “V. Tiberio”, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonella Sciarra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80135 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Galasso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (G.S.); (L.Q.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Giuliana Settembre
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (G.S.); (L.Q.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Lucio Quagliuolo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (G.S.); (L.Q.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Ciro Imbimbo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (B.B.); (C.I.)
| | - Silvia Boffo
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, 19122 PA, USA;
| | | | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (G.S.); (L.Q.); (M.D.D.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, 19122 PA, USA;
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280
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Miller JL, Tan M. Dietary Management for Adolescents with Prader-Willi Syndrome. ADOLESCENT HEALTH MEDICINE AND THERAPEUTICS 2020; 11:113-118. [PMID: 32922110 PMCID: PMC7457755 DOI: 10.2147/ahmt.s214893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex, multisystem neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 1 in 25,000 live births. PWS is caused by absence of expression of paternally inherited imprinted genes on chromosome 15q11-q13. The syndrome typically occurs due to one of three genetic mechanisms: paternal deletion of involved genes, maternal uniparental disomy, or imprinting center defects. These genetic anomalies lead to well-described clinical phenotype that includes hypotonia, hypothalamic dysfunction, social and behavioral issues, life-threatening hyperphagia, and elevated probability of obesity. Adolescents with PWS are at the highest risk for development of life-threatening obesity due to increased access to food, decreased physical activity, and hyperphagia. Currently, the only treatment for the hyperphagia is environmental control, including locked kitchens and continuous supervision of the affected individual. Caloric intake must be restricted to prevent obesity, which subsequently increases the hunger drive even more. Research and clinical practice have demonstrated that increasing physical activity along with insuring a well-balanced, nutritionally dense diet can improve overall weight control in adolescents with PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Michael Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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281
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Conteh AR, Huang R. Targeting the gut microbiota by Asian and Western dietary constituents: a new avenue for diabetes. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:569-577. [PMID: 32905261 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing numerous diabetes annually is a great concern in public health globally. Gut microbiota recently has been suggested to be an emerging organ acting as a critical regulator in diabetes. Notably, gut microbiota is closely affected through an individual's nutrient intake and dietary pattern. Moreover, the metabolites of diets through gut microbiota are closely associated with the development of diabetes. Increasing evidence has established the association of different dietary pattern with alterations of the gut microbiota profile, in particular, the Asian diet and Western diet are typically as essential components linked to the interactions between gut microbiota and induction of obesity which is a significant risk factor for diabetes. In addition, some bacteria-related therapeutic methods including probiotics, dietary short-chain fatty acids immunotherapy, and gut microbiome transfer would be applied in the clinical prevention and control diabetes. Taken together, based on current published observations, the gut microbiota may serve as regulator or targets by the Asian diet and Western diet, contributing to the prevention or induction of diabetes eventually. In general, in the upcoming future, one of the emerging strategies for the prevention and control of diabetes may modulate gut microbiota through precise dietary strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rahman Conteh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Heath, Central South University, 932 Lushan S Rd, Yuelu District, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Heath, Central South University, 932 Lushan S Rd, Yuelu District, Changsha 410078, China
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282
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Impacts of Habitual Diets Intake on Gut Microbial Counts in Healthy Japanese Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082414. [PMID: 32806561 PMCID: PMC7468936 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although diet is an important factor influencing gut microbiota, there are very few studies regarding that relationship in Japanese people. Here, we analyzed the relationship between habitual dietary intake surveyed by food frequency questionnaire and the quantitative features of gut bacteria by quantitative PCR and next generation sequencer in 354 healthy Japanese adults. The α-diversity of gut microbiota was positively correlated with the intake of mushrooms and beans and negatively correlated with the intake of grains. The β-diversity was significantly associated with the intake of fruits, mushrooms, seaweeds, seafoods, and alcoholic beverages. Multiple linear regression analysis of the relationship between food groups associated with the diversity of gut microbiota and the number of gut bacteria at the genus level found 24 significant associations, including a positive association between alcoholic beverages and the number of Fusobacterium. These results support that habitual dietary intake influenced the diversity of gut microbiota and was strongly associated with the number of specific gut bacteria. These results will help us to understand the complex relationship between habitual diet and gut microbiota of the Japanese.
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283
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Rinninella E, Mele MC, Cintoni M, Raoul P, Ianiro G, Salerno L, Pozzo C, Bria E, Muscaritoli M, Molfino A, Gasbarrini A. The Facts about Food after Cancer Diagnosis: A Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082345. [PMID: 32764484 PMCID: PMC7468771 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional guidelines suggest specific energy and protein requirements for patients with cancer. However, cancer patients, often malnourished, use self-made or web-based diets to ameliorate the prognosis of their disease. This review aimed to investigate the associations between post-diagnostic diet and prognostic outcomes in cancer patients. A systematic literature search was performed in Pubmed and Web of Science databases from inception to 30 October 2019, based on fixed inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risk of bias was assessed. A total of 29 prospective studies was identified. Breast (n = 11), colorectal (n = 9), prostate (n = 8) cancers are the most studied. Low- fat diet, healthy quality diet, regular consumption of fiber such as vegetables and high-quality protein intake are beneficial while Western diet (WD) and high consumption of saturated fats could be associated with a higher risk of mortality. Bladder (n = 1), gynecological (n = 1), lung, stomach, and pancreatic cancers still remain almost unexplored. This systematic review suggested that detrimental dietary patterns such as WD should be avoided but none of the food categories (meat, dairy products) should be eliminated in cancer patients' diet. Further large prospective studies are needed to assess the role of post-diagnostic diet in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Rinninella
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.C.M.); (E.B.); (A.G.)
- UOSD di Nutrizione Avanzata in Oncologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Cintoni
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Scienza dell’Alimentazione, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pauline Raoul
- UOSD di Nutrizione Avanzata in Oncologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Carmelo Pozzo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emilio Bria
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.C.M.); (E.B.); (A.G.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Muscaritoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale e di Precisione, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessio Molfino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale e di Precisione, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.C.M.); (E.B.); (A.G.)
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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284
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Gruneck L, Kullawong N, Kespechara K, Popluechai S. Gut microbiota of obese and diabetic Thai subjects and interplay with dietary habits and blood profiles. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9622. [PMID: 32832269 PMCID: PMC7409811 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have become major public health issues globally. Recent research indicates that intestinal microbiota play roles in metabolic disorders. Though there are numerous studies focusing on gut microbiota of health and obesity states, those are primarily focused on Western countries. Comparatively, only a few investigations exist on gut microbiota of people from Asian countries. In this study, the fecal microbiota of 30 adult volunteers living in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand were examined using next-generation sequencing (NGS) in association with blood profiles and dietary habits. Subjects were categorized by body mass index (BMI) and health status as follows; lean (L) = 8, overweight (OV) = 8, obese (OB) = 7 and diagnosed T2DM = 7. Members of T2DM group showed differences in dietary consumption and fasting glucose level compared to BMI groups. A low level of high-density cholesterol (HDL) was observed in the OB group. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that microbial communities of T2DM subjects were clearly distinct from those of OB. An analogous pattern was additionally illustrated by multiple factor analysis (MFA) based on dietary habits, blood profiles, and fecal gut microbiota in BMI and T2DM groups. In all four groups, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the predominant phyla. Abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a butyrate-producing bacterium, was significantly higher in OB than that in other groups. This study is the first to examine the gut microbiota of adult Thais in association with dietary intake and blood profiles and will provide the platform for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucsame Gruneck
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Niwed Kullawong
- Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | | | - Siam Popluechai
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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285
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Gut Microbiota during Dietary Restrictions: New Insights in Non-Communicable Diseases. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081140. [PMID: 32731505 PMCID: PMC7465033 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in dietary restrictions for their promising effects on longevity and health span. Indeed, these strategies are supposed to delay the onset and burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, diabetes, cancer and neurological and gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases. At the same time, the gut microbiota has been shown to play a crucial role in NCDs since it is actively involved in maintaining gut homeostasis through its impact on nutrients metabolism, gut barrier, and immune system. There is evidence that dietary restrictions could slow down age-related changes in the types and numbers of gut bacteria, which may counteract gut dysbiosis. The beneficial effects on gut microbiota may positively influence host metabolism, gut barrier permeability, and brain functions, and subsequently, postpone the onset of NCDs prolonging the health span. These new insights could lead to the development of novel strategies for modulating gut microbiota with the end goal of treating/preventing NCDs. This review provides an overview of animal and human studies focusing on gut microbiota variations during different types of dietary restriction, in order to highlight the close relationship between gut microbiota balance and the host's health benefits induced by these nutritional regimens.
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286
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287
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Gallè F, Valeriani F, Cattaruzza MS, Gianfranceschi G, Liguori R, Antinozzi M, Mederer B, Liguori G, Romano Spica V. Mediterranean Diet, Physical Activity and Gut Microbiome Composition: A Cross-Sectional Study among Healthy Young Italian Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072164. [PMID: 32708278 PMCID: PMC7401267 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the microbial composition of the gut and its possible association with the Mediterranean diet (MD) after adjusting for demographic and anthropometric characteristics in a sample of healthy young Italian adults. Methods. Gut microbiota, demographic information, and data on adherence to MD and physical activity (PA) habits were collected in a sample of 140 university students (48.6% males, mean age 22.5 ± 2.9) with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 22.4 ± 2.8 kg/m2 (15.2–33.8) and a mean PA level of 3006.2 ± 2973.6 metabolic equivalent (MET)-minutes/week (148–21,090). Results. A high prevalence of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes was found in all the fecal samples. Significant dissimilarities in the microbiota composition were found on the basis of MD adherence and PA levels (p = 0.001). At the genus level, Streptococcus and Dorea were highly abundant in overweight/obese individuals, Ruminococcus and Oscillospira in participants with lower adherence to MD, and Lachnobacterium in subjects with low levels of PA (p = 0.001). A significantly higher abundance of Paraprevotella was shown by individuals with lower BMI, lower MD adherence, and lower PA levels (p = 0.001). Conclusions. This study contributes to the characterization of the gut microbiome of healthy humans. The findings suggest the role of diet and PA in determining gut microbiota variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gallè
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80133 Naples, Italy; (F.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Federica Valeriani
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (F.V.); (G.G.)
| | - Maria Sofia Cattaruzza
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Gianluca Gianfranceschi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (F.V.); (G.G.)
| | - Renato Liguori
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80143 Naples, Italy;
| | - Martina Antinozzi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Beatriz Mederer
- Department of Didactics of Language and Literatura, University of Granada, 18150 Granada, Spain;
| | - Giorgio Liguori
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80133 Naples, Italy; (F.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Vincenzo Romano Spica
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (F.V.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence:
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288
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Sex and Gender Influences on Cancer Immunotherapy Response. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070232. [PMID: 32708265 PMCID: PMC7400663 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of cancer is growing and a wide disparity in the incidence, malignancy and mortality of different types of cancer between each sex has been demonstrated. The sex specificity of cancer appears to be a relevant issue in the management of the disease, and studies investigating the role of sex and gender are becoming extremely urgent. Sex hormones are presumably the leading actors of sex differences in cancer, especially estrogens. They modulate gene expression, alter molecules and generate disparities in effectiveness and side effects of anticancer therapies. Recently immunotherapy aims to improve anticancer treatment strategies reducing off-target effects of chemotherapy and direct cancer cells killing. It is recognized as a fruitful strategy to treat and possible to cure cancer. Immunotherapeutic agents are used to activate or boost the activation of the immune system to fight cancer cells through physiological mechanisms often evaded in the offensive march of the disease. These therapeutic strategies have allowed new successes, but also have serious adverse effects including non-specific inflammation and autoimmunity. Sex and gender issues are of primary importance in this field, due to their recognized role in inflammation, immunity and cancer, and the clarification and understanding of these aspects is a necessary step to increase the responses and to diminish the adverse effects of immunotherapy. This review describes the available knowledge on the role of sex and gender in cancer immunotherapy, and will offer insights to stimulate the attention and practice of clinicians and researchers in a gender perspective of new cancer treatment strategies.
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289
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Masztalerz-Kozubek D, Zielinska MA, Rust P, Majchrzak D, Hamulka J. The Use of Added Salt and Sugar in the Diet of Polish and Austrian Toddlers. Associated Factors and Dietary Patterns, Feeding and Maternal Practices. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145025. [PMID: 32668675 PMCID: PMC7400520 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Children aged <2 years should not be given meals with the addition of salt and sugar due to health risks and to promote healthier dietary habits. The aims of this study were: to assess the prevalence of the use of added salt (AS), sugar (ASu) and both salt and sugar (AS&Su) in the diets of Polish and Austrian toddlers aged 12-24 and 25-36 months; to explore the sociodemographic and early nutritional factors associated with the use of AS and ASu; to investigate the difference in dietary habits and maternal concerns about toddlers' eating regarding the use of AS and ASu in toddlers' diet. This cross-sectional anonymous study was conducted in 5893 mothers of children aged 12-36 months, recruited through social media in 2017-2019. The questionnaire consisted of questions about sociodemographics, early feeding practices and current children's nutrition (e.g., use of AS and ASu, food frequency questionnaire). Multivariate logistic regression and cluster analyses were applied. Austrian mothers more often used AS than mothers from Poland (at 2 years old: 74.8% vs. 52.8%; at 3 years old 87.4% vs. 74.4%, p ≤ 0.001), however Polish mothers were more prone to use ASu (at 2 years old: 34.7% vs. 27.7%; at 3 years old: 59.0% vs. 45.8%, p ≤ 0.001). In younger toddlers (12-24 months), the odds of using of AS, ASu, and AS&Su increased with toddlers' age, when the mother was a multipara, was not currently breastfeeding, or had exclusively breastfed for 4-5 months. This risk decreased when older toddlers (25-36 months) were introduced to solids by baby-led weaning (BLW). Toddlers from both countries who consumed meals with AS or ASu more often a followed Western-like dietary pattern. Our study emphasizes the need for parental nutritional education when beginning to introduce solid foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Masztalerz-Kozubek
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (D.M.-K.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Monika A. Zielinska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (D.M.-K.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Petra Rust
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.R.); (D.M.)
| | - Dorota Majchrzak
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.R.); (D.M.)
| | - Jadwiga Hamulka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (D.M.-K.); (M.A.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-593-71-12
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290
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Redondo-Useros N, Nova E, González-Zancada N, Díaz LE, Gómez-Martínez S, Marcos A. Microbiota and Lifestyle: A Special Focus on Diet. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1776. [PMID: 32549225 PMCID: PMC7353459 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely known that a good balance and healthy function for bacteria groups in the colon are necessary to maintain homeostasis and preserve health. However, the lack of consensus on what defines a healthy gut microbiota and the multitude of factors that influence human gut microbiota composition complicate the development of appropriate dietary recommendations for our gut microbiota. Furthermore, the varied response to the intake of probiotics and prebiotics observed in healthy adults suggests the existence of potential inter- and intra-individual factors, which might account for gut microbiota changes to a greater extent than diet. The changing dietary habits worldwide involving consumption of processed foods containing artificial ingredients, such as sweeteners; the coincident rise in emotional disorders; and the worsening of other lifestyle habits, such as smoking habits, drug consumption, and sleep, can together contribute to gut dysbiosis and health impairment, as well as the development of chronic diseases. This review summarizes the current literature on the effects of specific dietary ingredients (probiotics, prebiotics, alcohol, refined sugars and sweeteners, fats) in the gut microbiota of healthy adults and the potential inter- and intra-individual factors involved, as well as the influence of other potential lifestyle factors that are dramatically increasing nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ascensión Marcos
- Immunonutrition Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais, St.10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.R.-U.); (E.N.); (N.G.-Z.); (L.E.D.); (S.G.-M.)
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291
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Lopez-Santamarina A, Mondragon ADC, Lamas A, Miranda JM, Franco CM, Cepeda A. Animal-Origin Prebiotics Based on Chitin: An Alternative for the Future? A Critical Review. Foods 2020; 9:foods9060782. [PMID: 32545663 PMCID: PMC7353569 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota has been revealed in recent years as a factor that plays a decisive role in the maintenance of human health, as well as in the development of many non-communicable diseases. This microbiota can be modulated by various dietary factors, among which complex carbohydrates have a great influence. Although most complex carbohydrates included in the human diet come from vegetables, there are also options to include complex carbohydrates from non-vegetable sources, such as chitin and its derivatives. Chitin, and its derivatives such as chitosan can be obtained from non-vegetable sources, the best being insects, crustacean exoskeletons and fungi. The present review offers a broad perspective of the current knowledge surrounding the impacts of chitin and its derived polysaccharides on the human gut microbiota and the profound need for more in-depth investigations into this topic. Overall, the effects of whole insects or meal on the gut microbiota have contradictory results, possibly due to their high protein content. Better results are obtained for the case of chitin derivatives, regarding both metabolic effects and effects on the gut microbiota composition.
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292
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Dannenberg L, Zikeli D, Benkhoff M, Ahlbrecht S, Kelm M, Levkau B, Polzin A. Targeting the human microbiome and its metabolite TMAO in cardiovascular prevention and therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107584. [PMID: 32446759 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is the most important active part of the intestinal micro-ecosystem. Lifestyle modification, drug intake and nutrition have an impact on the composition of the gut microbiota and its metabolites. This review focuses on the effects of changes in the gut microbiota as well as the important metabolite Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Furthermore, relevant therapeutic options to target the human microbiome in patients with cardiovascular disease are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Dannenberg
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Dorothee Zikeli
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcel Benkhoff
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Samantha Ahlbrecht
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Amin Polzin
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Düsseldorf, Germany
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293
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Przewłócka K, Folwarski M, Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Kaczor JJ. Gut-Muscle AxisExists and May Affect Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Training. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051451. [PMID: 32443396 PMCID: PMC7285193 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive training may limit physiological muscle adaptation through chronic oxidative stress and inflammation. Improper diet and overtraining may also disrupt intestinal homeostasis and in consequence enhance inflammation. Altogether, these factors may lead to an imbalance in the gut ecosystem, causing dysregulation of the immune system. Therefore, it seems to be important to optimize the intestinal microbiota composition, which is able to modulate the immune system and reduce oxidative stress. Moreover, the optimal intestinal microbiota composition may have an impact on muscle protein synthesis and mitochondrial biogenesis and function, as well as muscle glycogen storage. Aproperly balanced microbiome may also reduce inflammatory markers and reactive oxygen species production, which may further attenuate macromolecules damage. Consequently, supplementation with probiotics may have some beneficial effect on aerobic and anaerobic performance. The phenomenon of gut-muscle axis should be continuously explored to function maintenance, not only in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Przewłócka
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Marcin Folwarski
- Departmentof Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | | | | | - Jan Jacek Kaczor
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-516-191-109
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294
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Bartolomaeus TUP, Birkner T, Bartolomaeus H, Löber U, Avery EG, Mähler A, Weber D, Kochlik B, Balogh A, Wilck N, Boschmann M, Müller DN, Markó L, Forslund SK. Quantifying technical confounders in microbiome studies. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:863-875. [PMID: 32374853 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recent technical developments have allowed the study of the human microbiome to accelerate at an unprecedented pace. Methodological differences may have considerable impact on the results obtained. Thus, we investigated how different storage, isolation, and DNA extraction methods can influence the characterization of the intestinal microbiome, compared to the impact of true biological signals such as intraindividual variability, nutrition, health, and demographics. METHODS AND RESULTS An observative cohort study in 27 healthy subjects was performed. Participants were instructed to collect stool samples twice spaced by a week, using six different methods (naive and Zymo DNA/RNA Shield on dry ice, OMNIgene GUT, RNALater, 95% ethanol, Zymo DNA/RNA Shield at room temperature). DNA extraction from all samples was performed comparatively using QIAamp Power Fecal and ZymoBIOMICS DNA Kits. 16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiota as well as qPCRs were performed on the isolated DNA. Metrics included alpha diversity as well as multivariate and univariate comparisons of samples, controlling for covariate patterns computationally. Interindividual differences explained 7.4% of overall microbiome variability, whereas the choice of DNA extraction method explained a further 5.7%. At phylum level, the tested kits differed in their recovery of Gram-positive bacteria, which is reflected in a significantly skewed enterotype distribution. CONCLUSION DNA extraction methods had the highest impact on observed microbiome variability, and were comparable to interindividual differences, thus may spuriously mimic the microbiome signatures of various health and nutrition factors. Conversely, collection methods had a relatively small influence on microbiome composition. The present study provides necessary insight into the technical variables which can lead to divergent results from seemingly similar study designs. We anticipate that these results will contribute to future efforts towards standardization of microbiome quantification procedures in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theda U P Bartolomaeus
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Birkner
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Bartolomaeus
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Löber
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ellen G Avery
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Kaiserswerther Str. 16-18, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Mähler
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.,NurtiAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Bastian Kochlik
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.,NurtiAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - András Balogh
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola Wilck
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Nephrologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Boschmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lajos Markó
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sofia K Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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295
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Kapourchali FR, Cresci GAM. Early-Life Gut Microbiome-The Importance of Maternal and Infant Factors in Its Establishment. Nutr Clin Pract 2020; 35:386-405. [PMID: 32329544 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The early-life microbiome is gaining appreciation as a major influencer in human development and long-term health. Multiple factors are known to influence the initial colonization, development, and function of the neonatal gut microbiome. In addition, alterations in early-life gut microbial composition is associated with several chronic health conditions such as obesity, asthma, and allergies. In this review, we focus on both maternal and infant factors known to influence early-life gut colonization. Also reviewed is the important role of infant feeding, including evidence-based strategies for maternal and infant supplementation with the goal to protect and/or restore the infant gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gail A M Cresci
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Center for Human Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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296
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Vacca M, Celano G, Calabrese FM, Portincasa P, Gobbetti M, De Angelis M. The Controversial Role of Human Gut Lachnospiraceae. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E573. [PMID: 32326636 PMCID: PMC7232163 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 745] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex polymicrobial composition of human gut microbiota plays a key role in health and disease. Lachnospiraceae belong to the core of gut microbiota, colonizing the intestinal lumen from birth and increasing, in terms of species richness and their relative abundances during the host's life. Although, members of Lachnospiraceae are among the main producers of short-chain fatty acids, different taxa of Lachnospiraceae are also associated with different intra- and extraintestinal diseases. Their impact on the host physiology is often inconsistent across different studies. Here, we discuss changes in Lachnospiraceae abundances according to health and disease. With the aim of harnessing Lachnospiraceae to promote human health, we also analyze how nutrients from the host diet can influence their growth and how their metabolites can, in turn, influence host physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (F.M.C.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Celano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (F.M.C.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Francesco Maria Calabrese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (F.M.C.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (F.M.C.); (M.D.A.)
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297
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Nomura M, Nagatomo R, Doi K, Shimizu J, Baba K, Saito T, Matsumoto S, Inoue K, Muto M. Association of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Gut Microbiome With Clinical Response to Treatment With Nivolumab or Pembrolizumab in Patients With Solid Cancer Tumors. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e202895. [PMID: 32297948 PMCID: PMC7163404 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.2895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors has been remarkably effective for treating multiple cancer types, and the gut microbiome is a possible factor affecting immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy. However, the association between the gut microbiome and immune status of the tumor microenvironment remains unclear. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are major end product metabolites produced by the gut microbiota and have wide-ranging impacts on host physiology. OBJECTIVE To evaluate fecal and plasma SCFAs in patients with solid cancer tumors treated with programmed cell death-1 inhibitors (PD-1i). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a prospective cohort biomarker study of patients with cancer who planned therapy with PD-1i at Kyoto University Hospital between July 2016 and February 2019. Data were analyzed from October 2019 to February 2020. EXPOSURES Patients who were treated with nivolumab or pembrolizumab were classified into 2 groups based on their treatment response using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1: responders who achieved an objective response and nonresponders. Dietary information in terms of intake frequency was obtained. Concentrations of SCFAs in fecal and plasma samples collected before PD-1i administration were measured using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The concentration of SCFAs and progression-free survival. RESULTS Among 52 patients enrolled, the median (range) patient age was 67 (27-84) years, and 23 (44%) were women. Median (range) duration of follow-up of the survivors after administration of PD-1i was 2.0 (0.4-4.1) years. The overall response rate was 28.8%. High concentrations of some SCFAs were associated with longer progression-free survival. These included fecal acetic acid (hazard ratio [HR], 0.29; 95% CI, 0.15-0.54), propionic acid (HR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.03-0.20), butyric acid (HR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.16-0.60), valeric acid (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.29-0.98), and plasma isovaleric acid (HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.14-0.99). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Results of this study suggest that fecal SCFA concentrations may associated with PD-1i efficacy; thus, SCFAs may be the link between the gut microbiota and PD-1i efficacy. Because fecal examinations are completely noninvasive, they may be applicable for routine monitoring of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoo Nomura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nagatomo
- Laboratory of Clinical and Analytical Chemistry, Ritsumeikan University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shiga, Japan
| | - Keitaro Doi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Juko Shimizu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Baba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Saito
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigemi Matsumoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Inoue
- Laboratory of Clinical and Analytical Chemistry, Ritsumeikan University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shiga, Japan
| | - Manabu Muto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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298
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Development and Validation of Surveys to Estimate Food Additive Intake. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030812. [PMID: 32204474 PMCID: PMC7146549 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The Food Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) International Food Standards Codex Alimentarius CXS 192e International Food Standards (hereafter, CODEX) declares additives non-toxic, but they have been associated with changes to the microbiota changes and thinning of the mucus layer of the gut. Their widespread use has occurred in parallel with increased inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) incidence. This paper reports on the development and validation of surveys to estimate additive intake. (2) Methods: Dietitians created a food-additive database, with a focus on additives that have been associated with IBD. For each additive, information on the CODEX food-category they are permitted in and the associated maximum permissible levels (mg/kg) was recorded. Based on the database, questions to assess early life (part 1) and recent (part 2) additive intake were written. Forward–backward translation from English to Chinese was undertaken. Thirty-one individuals were evaluated to assess understandability. A further fifty-seven individuals completed the tool on two occasions, a fortnight apart; agreement was assessed using Cohen’s kappa coefficient or the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). (3) Results: The participants reported that it was difficult to remember food intake and estimate portion sizes. The participants also noted confusion around the term ‘home-grown’. Instructions and definitions were added; after this, respondents judged the questionnaires as clear. The average kappa coefficient for part 1 and part 2 questions were 0.61 and 0.67, respectively. The average ICC ranged from 0.30 to 0.94; three food lists were removed due to low reliability. (4) Conclusions: Two tools have been created and validated, in two languages, that reliably assess remote and recent food additive intake.
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299
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Lukiw WJ. Human gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiome-derived pro-inflammatory neurotoxins from Bacteroides fragilis: Effects of low fiber diets and environmental and lifestyle factors. INTEGRATIVE FOOD, NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2020; 7:277. [PMID: 33381303 PMCID: PMC7771874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA 70112 USA,Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA 70112 USA,Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA 70112 USA,Correspondence to: Walter J Lukiw, Bollinger Professor of Alzheimer’s Disease, Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Neuroscience Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA, Tel: +1-504-599-0842;
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300
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Weyh C, Krüger K, Strasser B. Physical Activity and Diet Shape the Immune System during Aging. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030622. [PMID: 32121049 PMCID: PMC7146449 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing age, the immune system undergoes a remodeling process, termed immunosenescence, which is accompanied by considerable shifts in leukocyte subpopulations and a decline in various immune cell functions. Clinically, immunosenescence is characterized by increased susceptibility to infections, a more frequent reactivation of latent viruses, decreased vaccine efficacy, and an increased prevalence of autoimmunity and cancer. Physiologically, the immune system has some adaptive strategies to cope with aging, while in some settings, maladaptive responses aggravate the speed of aging and morbidity. While a lack of physical activity, decreased muscle mass, and poor nutritional status facilitate immunosenescence and inflammaging, lifestyle factors such as exercise and dietary habits affect immune aging positively. This review will discuss the relevance and mechanisms of immunoprotection through physical activity and specific exercise interventions. In the second part, we will focus on the effect of dietary interventions through the supplementation of the essential amino acid tryptophan, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and probiotics (with a special focus on the kynurenine pathway).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Weyh
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Strasser
- Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud Private University, A-1020 Vienna, Austria;
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