251
|
Elmorsy EM, Al-Ghafari AB, Al Doghaither HA, Alrowaili MG, Khired ZA, Toraih EA, Fawzy MS, Shehata SA. Vitamin D Alleviates Heavy Metal-Induced Cytotoxic Effects on Human Bone Osteoblasts Via the Induction of Bioenergetic Disruption, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04337-8. [PMID: 39235540 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are heavy metals (HMs) that persistently contaminate the ecosystem, and bioaccumulation in bones is a health concern. We used biochemical and molecular assays to assess the cytoprotective effect of vitamin D (VD) on Cd- and Pd-induced chemical toxicity of human bone osteoblasts in vitro. Exposing Cd and Pb to human osteoblast cultures at concentrations of 0.1-1000 µM for 24-72 h significantly reduced osteoblast viability in an exposure time- and concentration-dependent manner. The cytotoxic effect of Cd on osteoblasts was more severe than Pb's, with 72-h exposure estimated half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 8 and 12 µM, respectively, and VD (1 and 10 nM) alleviated cytotoxicity. Bioenergetics assays of ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial complex I and III activity showed that both Cd and Pb (1 and 10 µM) inhibited cellular bioenergetics after 72-h exposure. Cd and Pb increased lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species with reduced catalase/superoxide dismutase antioxidant activities and increased activity of caspases -3, -8, and -9. Co-treatment with VD (1 and 10 nM) counteracted bioenergetic disruption, oxidative damage, and apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that VD is effective in managing the toxic effects of environmental pollutants and in treating bone diseases characterized by oxidative stress, apoptosis, and bioenergetic disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekramy M Elmorsy
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, 91431, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
- Center for Health Research, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ayat B Al-Ghafari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda A Al Doghaither
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Gorayan Alrowaili
- Department of Surgery (Orthopedic Division), Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zenat Ahmed Khired
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Jazan University, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A Toraih
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Manal S Fawzy
- Center for Health Research, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, 73213, Arar, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa A Shehata
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
252
|
Helin TA, Lemponen M, Immonen K, Lakkisto P, Joutsi-Korhonen L. Circulating microRNAs targeting coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with severe COVID-19. Thromb J 2024; 22:80. [PMID: 39237986 PMCID: PMC11375984 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-024-00649-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) frequently causes coagulation disturbances. Data remains limited on the effects of microRNAs (miRNAs) on coagulation during COVID-19 infection. We aimed to analyze the comprehensive miRNA profile as well as coagulation markers and blood count in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. METHODS Citrated plasma samples from 40 patients (24 men and 16 women) hospitalized for COVID-19 were analyzed. Basic coagulation tests, von Willebrand factor (VWF), ADAMTS13, blood count, C-reactive protein, and 27 miRNAs known to associate with thrombosis or platelet activation were analyzed. MiRNAs were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT qPCR), with 10 healthy controls serving as a comparator. RESULTS Among the patients, 15/36 (41%) had platelet count of over 360 × 109/L and 10/36 (28%) had low hemoglobin of < 100 g/L, while 26/37 (72%) had high VWF of over 200 IU/dL. Patients had higher levels of the miRNAs miR-27b-3p, miR-320a-3p, miR-320b-3p, and miR-424-5p, whereas levels of miR-103a-3p and miR-145-5p were lower than those in healthy controls. In total, 11 miRNAs were associated with platelet count. Let-7b-3p was associated with low hemoglobin levels of < 100 g/L. miR-24-3p, miR-27b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-145-5p and miR-338-5p associated with high VWF. CONCLUSION COVID-19 patients differentially express miRNAs with target genes involved in fibrinolysis inhibition, coagulation activity, and increased inflammatory response. These findings support the notion that COVID-19 widely affects hemostasis, including platelets, coagulation and fibrinolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuukka A Helin
- HUS Diagnostic Center, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, POB 720, Helsinki, 00029, Finland.
| | - Marja Lemponen
- HUS Diagnostic Center, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, POB 720, Helsinki, 00029, Finland
| | - Katariina Immonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Lakkisto
- HUS Diagnostic Center, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, POB 720, Helsinki, 00029, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lotta Joutsi-Korhonen
- HUS Diagnostic Center, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, POB 720, Helsinki, 00029, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
253
|
He YL, Liu JY, Almgrami RT, Fan YZ, Zhang Y. Cancer immunotherapy of Wilms tumor: a narrative review. Future Oncol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39235074 DOI: 10.1080/14796694.2024.2386929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system in children. Though the traditional treatment of surgery plus radiotherapy and chemotherapy achieves exciting clinical efficacy, in relapsed and refractory cases, the long-term overall survival rates are poor. Besides, chemotherapy and radiation have serious long-term toxic side effects on children. Cancer immunotherapy is a new tumor therapy that works by activating the body's immune system to allow immune cells to kill tumor cells more efficiently. Currently, cancer immunotherapy has been tested in clinical trials or basic studies in WT. This article reviews the current status of clinical trials and basic research of cancer immunotherapy in WT to promote the application of cancer immunotherapy in WT patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin He
- Second Ward of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin Yan Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rahma Taher Almgrami
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhong Fan
- Second Ward of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
254
|
Hettiarachchi J, Feyesa I, Daly RM, George ES, Georgousopoulou EN, Scott D, Baguley BJ, Tan SY. Effect of peanut butter supplementation on physical and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults: study protocol for a 6-month randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e086232. [PMID: 39242158 PMCID: PMC11381714 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ageing is associated with physical and cognitive declines, which may be further exacerbated by poor nutrition. Nuts are energy and nutrient dense, and their consumption is associated with better physical and cognitive functions in older adults, but data from interventional studies are limited. This 6-month randomised controlled trial is designed to investigate the effects of consuming 43 g/day of peanut butter (equivalent to 1.5 servings of nuts) on physical function, including walking speed (primary outcome), standing and dynamic balance, upper and lower body strength, lower body power and endurance, and associated factors including muscle mass, cognitive function and DNA telomere length in community-dwelling older adults. METHOD AND ANALYSIS A total of 120 participants aged ≥65 years will be recruited and randomly allocated (1:1 ratio) to either the intervention group (n=60) that will receive individually packaged sealed containers containing 43 g of peanut butter to be consumed once daily for 6 months alongside habitual diet, or the control group (n=60) that will maintain their habitual diet. Primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at baseline and at 6 months. The primary outcome is walking speed assessed using the 4 m usual gait speed test. Secondary outcomes include other physical function assessments: standing balance, chair stand time, timed-up-and-go test and four-square step test; and hand grip and knee extensor muscle strength; cognitive function assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and trail making tests; body composition; nutritional status; and DNA telomere length from participants' buccal cell samples. Linear mixed models will be used to compare changes in outcomes between intervention and control groups. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol is approved by the Deakin University Human Research Ethics Committee. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12622001291774. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ANZCTR12622001291774.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeew Hettiarachchi
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ilili Feyesa
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena S George
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ekavi N Georgousopoulou
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Scott
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brenton J Baguley
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sze-Yen Tan
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
255
|
Chen M, Fang H, Wu J, Huang Y, Cheng F, Qin Y, Zhao X, Zhou X, Liu P, Huang B. Establishment of trypsinogen-2 Amplification Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay and its Application in Acute Pancreatitis. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03917-0. [PMID: 39235654 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
We aim to develop an amplified luminescence proximity homogeneous assay (AlphaLISA) for quantification of trypsinogen-2 levels in human serum for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Based on new amplified luminescence proximity homogeneity assay (AlphaLISA) method, carboxyl-modified donor and acceptor beads were coupled to capture and detection antibodies. A double antibody sandwich immunoassay was used to detect the concentration of trypsinogen-2 in serum. The method had good linearity (> 0.998). The intra - analysis precision was between 1.54% and 2.20% (< 10%), the inter-analysis precision was between 3.17% and 6.94% (< 15%), and the recovery was between 96.23% and 103.45%. The cross-reactivity of carbohydrate antigen 242 (CA242) and T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) were 0.09% and 0.93%, respectively. The detection time only needed 15 min. The results of trypsinogen-2-AlphaLISA and time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay were consistent (ρ = 0.9019). In addition, serum trypsinogen-2 concentration in patients with acute pancreatitis [239.23 (17.83-807.58) ng/mL] was significantly higher than that in healthy controls [20.54 (12.10-39.73) ng/mL]. When the cut-off value was 35.38ng/mL, the sensitivity and specificity were 91.8% and 96.67%, and the positive detection rate was 91.80%. We have successfully established a trypsinogen-2-AlphaLISA method, which can promote the timely diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meichun Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongming Fang
- Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialong Wu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feifan Cheng
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiumei Zhou
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Jiangyin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
256
|
Wu X, Deng Y, Xu Y, Kang H, Hu JJ, Yoon J, Liang G. Activatable Fluorescence and Bio/Chemiluminescence Probes for Aminopeptidases: From Design to Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2409893. [PMID: 39235570 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202409893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Aminopeptidases are exopeptidases that catalyze the cleavage of amino acid residues from the N-terminal fragment of protein or peptide substrates. Owing to their function, they play important roles in protein maturation, signal transduction, cell-cycle control, and various disease mechanisms, notably in cancer pathology. To gain better insights into their function, molecular imaging assisted by fluorescence and bio/chemiluminescence probes has become an indispensable method to their superiorities, including excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and real-time and noninvasive imaging. Numerous efforts are made to develop activatable probes that can effectively enhance efficiency and accuracy as well as minimize the side effects. This review is classified according to the type of aminopeptidases, summarizing some recent works on the design, work mechanism, and sensing, imaging, and theranostic performance of their activatable probe. Finally, the current challenges are outlined in developing activatable probes for aminopeptidases and provide possible solutions for future advancements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jing-Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Gaolin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| |
Collapse
|
257
|
Zhou JQ, Liu ZX, Zhong HF, Liu GQ, Ding MC, Zhang Y, Yu B, Jiang N. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the development of osteomyelitis and prosthetic joint infection: a narrative review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1444469. [PMID: 39301021 PMCID: PMC11410582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1444469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, despite advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, osteomyelitis and prosthetic joint infection (PJI) continue to pose significant challenges for orthopaedic surgeons. These challenges are primarily attributed to the high degree of heterogeneity exhibited by these disorders, which are influenced by a combination of environmental and host factors. Recent research efforts have delved into the pathogenesis of osteomyelitis and PJI by investigating single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This review comprehensively summarizes the current evidence regarding the associations between SNPs and the predisposition to osteomyelitis and PJI across diverse populations. The findings suggest potential linkages between SNPs in genes such as IL-1, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, VDR, tPA, CTSG, COX-2, MMP1, SLC11A1, Bax, NOS2, and NLRP3 with the development of osteomyelitis. Furthermore, SNPs in genes like IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, MBL, OPG, RANK, and GCSFR are implicated in susceptibility to PJI. However, it is noted that most of these studies are single-center reports, lacking in-depth mechanistic research. To gain a more profound understanding of the roles played by various SNPs in the development of osteomyelitis and PJI, future multi-center studies and fundamental investigations are deemed necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Zhou
- Division of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Functional Repair of Bone Defects and Biomaterials, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Xian Liu
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong-Fa Zhong
- Department of Trauma Emergency Center, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Guan-Qiao Liu
- Division of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Cong Ding
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Functional Repair of Bone Defects and Biomaterials, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Division of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Trauma Emergency Center, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
258
|
Huang FF, Di XF, Bai MH. Analysis of urine cell-free DNA in bladder cancer diagnosis by emerging bioactive technologies and materials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1458362. [PMID: 39295845 PMCID: PMC11408225 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1458362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary cell-free DNA (UcfDNA) is gaining recognition as an important biomarker for diagnosing bladder cancer. UcfDNA contains tumor derived DNA sequences, making it a viable candidate for non-invasive early detection, diagnosis, and surveillance of bladder cancer. The quantification and qualification of UcfDNA have demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in the molecular characterization of bladder cancer. However, precise analysis of UcfDNA for clinical bladder cancer diagnosis remains challenging. This review summarizes the history of UcfDNA discovery, its biological properties, and the quantitative and qualitative evaluations of UcfDNA for its clinical significance and utility in bladder cancer patients, emphasizing the critical role of UcfDNA in bladder cancer diagnosis. Emerging bioactive technologies and materials currently offer promising tools for multiple UcfDNA analysis, aiming to achieve more precise and efficient capture of UcfDNA, thereby significantly enhancing diagnostic accuracy. This review also highlights breakthroughs in detection technologies and substrates with the potential to revolutionize bladder cancer diagnosis in clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Huang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Di
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mo-Han Bai
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
259
|
Nasa P, Wise R, Malbrain MLNG. Fluid management in the septic peri-operative patient. Curr Opin Crit Care 2024:00075198-990000000-00205. [PMID: 39248089 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000001201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review provides insight into recent clinical studies involving septic peri-operative patients and highlights gaps in understanding fluid management. The aim is to enhance the understanding of safe fluid resuscitation to optimize peri-operative outcomes and reduce complications. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research shows adverse surgical and clinical outcomes with both under- and over-hydration of peri-operative patients. The kinetic of intravenous fluids varies significantly during surgery, general anaesthesia, and sepsis with damage to endothelial glycocalyx (EG), which increases vascular permeability and interstitial oedema. Among clinical anaesthesia, neuraxial anaesthesia and sevoflurane have less effect on EG. Hypervolemia and the speed and volume of fluid infusion are also linked to EG shedding. Despite improvement in the antisepsis strategies, peri-operative sepsis is not uncommon. Fluid resuscitation is the cornerstone of sepsis management. However, overzealous fluid resuscitation is associated with increased mortality in patients with sepsis and septic shock. Personalized fluid resuscitation based on a careful assessment of intravascular volume status, dynamic haemodynamic variables and fluid tolerance appears to be a safe approach. Balanced solutions (BS) are preferred over 0.9% saline in patients with sepsis and septic shock due to a potential reduction in mortality, when exclusive BS are used and/or large volume of fluids are required for fluid resuscitation. Peri-operative goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) using dynamic haemodynamic variables remains an area of interest in reducing postoperative complications and can be considered for sepsis management (Supplementary Digital Content). SUMMARY Optimization of peri-operative fluid management is crucial for improving surgical outcomes and reducing postoperative complications in patients with sepsis. Individualized and GDFT using BS is the preferred approach for fluid resuscitation in septic peri-operative patients. Future research should evaluate the interaction between clinical anaesthesia and EG, its implications on fluid resuscitation, and the impact of GDFT in septic peri-operative patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Nasa
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Anaesthesia, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Robert Wise
- Discipline of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Adult Intensive Care, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Manu L N G Malbrain
- First Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Medical Data Management, Medaman, Geel
- International Fluid Academy, Lovenjoel, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
260
|
Ryholt V, Soder J, Enderle J, Rajendran R. Assessment of appropriate use of amylase and lipase testing in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis at an academic teaching hospital. Lab Med 2024; 55:566-570. [PMID: 38387024 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite evidence-based guidelines stating that lipase alone should be used in the diagnosis of suspected acute pancreatitis, health care providers continue to order amylase or amylase and lipase together. The purpose of this study was to assess the utilization of appropriate laboratory testing related to the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. METHODS The study used a retrospective cross-sectional design. The timeframe was from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020. A retrospective chart review was used to collect data for the following: patient-provider encounter notes, patient demographics, provider demographics, differential and final diagnosis, and laboratory test results. Data analysis include stratification of categorical variables and calculation of cost savings. RESULTS For the 12-month period, this study found 2567 (9.3%) of all amylase and lipase tests to be unnecessary. Amylase tests (1881; 73.2%) made up the most unnecessary tests followed by lipase tests (686; 26.7%). An analysis of test-ordering behavior by providers revealed that 81.5% of all unnecessary tests were ordered by MDs. Finally, this study estimated a total cost savings of $128,350 if all unnecessary tests were eliminated. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that amylase and lipase tests have been overutilized in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Ryholt
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Galveston, TX, US
| | - Julie Soder
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Galveston, TX, US
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, US
| | - Janet Enderle
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Galveston, TX, US
| | - Rajkumar Rajendran
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, US
| |
Collapse
|
261
|
Gattani A, Mandal S, Agrawal A, Patel P, Jain AK, Singh P, Garg A, Mishra A. CRISPR-based electrochemical biosensors for animal health: Recent advances. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 193:7-18. [PMID: 39237013 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Animal diseases are a major concern to animal welfare, human health and the global economy. Early detection, prevention and control of these animal diseases are crucial to ensure sustainability of livestock sector, to reduce farm losses and protecting public health. Points of care (POC) devices are small, portable instruments that provide rapid results thus reduce the risk of disease transmission and enable early intervention. CRISPR based diagnostics offer more accurate and efficient solution for monitoring animal health due to their quick response, can detect very low level of pathogenic organism or disease markers and specificity. These diagnostics are particularly useful in the in area with limited resources or access to common diagnostic methods, especially in developing countries. The ability of electrochemical sensors to detect accurately very low analyte concentration makes them suitable for POC diagnostics and field application. CRISPR base electrochemical biosensors show great potential in revolutionizing disease detection and diagnosis including animal health. However, challenges, such as achieving selectivity and sensitivity, need to be addressed to enhance the competitiveness of these biosensors. Currently, most CRISPR based bioassay research focuses on nucleic acid target detection, but researchers exploring to monitor small organic/inorganic non-nucleic acid molecules like toxins and proteins. Emerging diagnostics would be centered on CRISPR-Cas system will offer great potential as an accurate, specific and effective means to identify microorganism, virus, toxins, small molecules, peptides and nucleic acid related to various animal health disorders particularly when integrated into electrochemical biosensing platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Gattani
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, India.
| | - Sanju Mandal
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, India
| | - Aditya Agrawal
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Rewa, India
| | - Pragati Patel
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, India
| | - Anand Kumar Jain
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, India
| | - Purnima Singh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, India
| | - Akshay Garg
- Directorate of Research Services, NDVSU, Jabalpur, India
| | - Aditya Mishra
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
262
|
Wen Y, Jiang N, Wang Z, Xiao Y. Versatile whey acidic protein four-disulfide core domain proteins: biology and role in diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1459129. [PMID: 39296934 PMCID: PMC11408880 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1459129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The Whey acidic protein four-disulfide core (WFDC) protein family consists of proteins with one or more WFDC domains which are ubiquitously expressed throughout the body of human and perform a wide range of functions, including antiprotease, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory functions. Aberrant expression of WFDC proteins is associated with human diseases. However, review on the WFDC protein family is limited and insufficient. Furthermore, a systematic summary of the underlying mechanisms of WFDC protein activity is lacking. In this review, we give a summary of the structural basis and molecular function of these proteins and review the immune regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways of WFDC proteins in the development of certain diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the diagnostic and prognostic potential of multiple WFDC proteins in the aforementioned conditions, as well as their prospective use. At last, we also discuss the progress of WFDC protein in clinical trials and put forward some research difficulties and the directions of follow-up research. Our review highlights the functional diversity and clinical significance of WFDC proteins family, while providing potential targets for drug development and innovative therapeutic strategies, this review lays the foundation and direction for future research on WFDC proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wen
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
263
|
Onur D, Çiftçi Sadıkoğlu S, Harputluoğlu N, Özkan B. Evaluation of serum vitamin B12 and D, iron, ferritin, folate, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels in children in palliative care clinic: a single-center cross-sectional study. BMC Palliat Care 2024; 23:218. [PMID: 39232722 PMCID: PMC11373489 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-024-01546-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric palliative care (PPC) patients are at an elevated risk of malnutrition. Nutritional inadequacy can also cause micronutrient deficiencies. These factors can lead to weight loss, stunted growth, and poor quality of life. Despite the prevalence of these issues, limited research exists in the micronutrient status of PPC patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the vitamin B12 and D, iron, ferritin, folate, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium levels of PPC patients to contribute to a better understanding of their micronutrient needs as well as the appropriate management of diet and treatment approaches. METHODS This was a single-center observational cross-sectional retrospective study. This study evaluated the levels of vitamin B12, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, iron, ferritin, folate, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in PPC patients. The patients were classified according to the Chronic Complex Conditions (CCC) v2 and then compared. RESULTS A total of 3,144 micronutrient data points were collected from 822 hospitalizations of 364 patients. At least one micronutrient deficiency was identified in 96.9% of the patients. The most prevalent deficiencies were observed for iron, calcium, and phosphate. In addition, 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency was observed in one-third of patients. Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, folate, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were negatively correlated with age. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that micronutrient deficiencies are highly prevalent in PPC patients. These findings have the potential to contribute to improvements in the nutritional and therapeutic management of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derşan Onur
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences, İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Güney District, 1140/1 Street, No:1, Yenişehir, Konak, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Sunanur Çiftçi Sadıkoğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Nilgün Harputluoğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
- Pediatric Palliative Care Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Behzat Özkan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
264
|
Xu Q, Yang C, Wang L, Zhou J. Unveiling the role of RNA methylation in glioma: Mechanisms, prognostic biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. Cell Signal 2024; 124:111380. [PMID: 39236835 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Gliomas, the most prevalent malignant brain tumors in the central nervous system, are marked by rapid growth, high recurrence rates, and poor prognosis. Glioblastoma (GBM) stands out as the most aggressive subtype, characterized by significant heterogeneity. The etiology of gliomas remains elusive. RNA modifications, particularly reversible methylation, play a crucial role in regulating transcription and translation throughout the RNA lifecycle. Increasing evidence highlights the prevalence of RNA methylation in primary central nervous system malignancies, underscoring its pivotal role in glioma pathogenesis. This review focuses on recent findings regarding changes in RNA methylation expression and their effects on glioma development and progression, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), and N7-methylguanosine (m7G). Given the extensive roles of RNA methylation in gliomas, the potential of RNA methylation-related regulators as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets was also explored, aiming to enhance clinical management and improve patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengzhou People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou Branch), Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunsong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengzhou People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou Branch), Zhejiang, China
| | - Liyun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengzhou People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou Branch), Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengzhou People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou Branch), Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
265
|
Karcıoğlu Batur L, Dokur M, Koç S, Karabay M, Akcay ZN, Gunger E, Hekim N. Investigation of the Relationship between Vitamin D Deficiency and Vitamin D-Binding Protein Polymorphisms in Severe COVID-19 Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1941. [PMID: 39272727 PMCID: PMC11393911 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14171941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the association of vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) gene polymorphisms, vitamin D levels, and the severity of COVID-19, including the need for intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization. We analyzed a cohort of 56 consecutive age- and gender-matched adult COVID-19-positive patients and categorized them into three groups: outpatients with mild illness, inpatients with moderate disease, and ICU patients. We measured levels of free, total, and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], VDBP, and albumin. VDBP polymorphisms rs5488 and rs7041 were identified using real-time PCR. A significant proportion of ICU patients were vitamin D-deficient (56.25%) compared to outpatients (10%) and inpatients (5%) (p = 0.0003). ICU patients also had notably lower levels of VDBP (median: 222 mg/L) and total 25(OH)D (median: 18.8 ng/mL). Most patients carried heterozygous rs7041 (60.7%) and wild-type rs4588 (58.9%) genotypes. The distribution of rs7041 SNP varied significantly among groups (p = 0.0301), while rs4588 SNP distribution did not (p = 0.424). Heterozygous rs4588 patients had significantly lower VDBP levels (p = 0.029) and reduced bioavailable 25(OH)D compared to those with wild-type rs4588 (p = 0.020). Our findings indicate that VDBP gene polymorphisms, particularly rs7041 and rs4588, are associated with vitamin D status and the severity of COVID-19. The lower VDBP levels and bioavailable vitamin D in ICU patients suggest that these genetic variants may influence disease severity and hospitalization needs. These results highlight the potential role of VDBP polymorphisms in COVID-19 severity, suggesting that genetic screening could be valuable in assessing the risk of severe outcomes and guiding personalized treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lutfiye Karcıoğlu Batur
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, Istanbul 34015, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Dokur
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical Faculty, Biruni University, Istanbul 34015, Turkey
| | - Suna Koç
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty, Biruni University, Istanbul 34015, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Karabay
- Department of Infectious Disease, Private Medicana Hospitalis Bahçelievler, Istanbul 34180, Turkey
| | - Zeyneb Nur Akcay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, Istanbul 34015, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Gunger
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, Istanbul 34015, Turkey
| | - Nezih Hekim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, Istanbul 34015, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
266
|
Starr MC, Harer MW, Steflik HJ, Gorga S, Ambalavanan N, Beck TM, Chaudhry PM, Chmielewski JL, Defreitas MJ, Fuhrman DY, Hanna M, Joseph C, Kwiatkowski DM, Krawczeski CD, Liberio BM, Menon S, Mohamed TH, Rumpel JA, Sanderson KR, Schuh MP, Segar JL, Slagle CL, Soranno DE, Vuong KT, Charlton JR, Gist KM, Askenazi DJ, Selewski DT. Kidney Health Monitoring in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Graduates: A Modified Delphi Consensus Statement. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2435043. [PMID: 39269711 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.35043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Kidney disease is common in infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Despite the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in infants discharged from the NICU, neither evidence- nor expert-based recommendations exist to guide clinical care after discharge. Objective To develop recommendations for risk stratification and kidney health monitoring among infants after discharge from the NICU. Evidence Review At the National Institute of Health-supported Consensus Workshop to Address Kidney Health in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Graduates meeting conducted in February 2024, a panel of 51 neonatal nephrology experts focused on 3 at-risk groups: (1) preterm infants, (2) critically ill infants with acute kidney injury (AKI), and (3) infants with critical cardiac disease. Using established modified Delphi processes, workgroups derived consensus recommendations. Findings In this modified Delphi consensus statement, the panel developed 10 consensus recommendations, identified gaps in knowledge, and prioritized areas of future research. Principal suggestions include risk stratification at time of hospital discharge, family and clinician education and counseling for subsequent kidney health follow-up, and blood pressure assessment as part of outpatient care. Conclusions and Relevance Preterm infants, critically ill infants with AKI, and infants with critical cardiac disease are at increased risk of CKD. We recommend (1) risk assessment at the time of discharge, (2) clinician and family education, and (3) kidney health assessments based on the degree of risk. Future work should focus on improved risk stratification, identification of early kidney dysfunction, and development of interventions to improve long-term kidney health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Starr
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
- Division of Child Health Service Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Matthew W Harer
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Heidi J Steflik
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Stephen Gorga
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor
| | | | - Tara M Beck
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Paulomi M Chaudhry
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Jennifer L Chmielewski
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Marissa J Defreitas
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami/Holtz Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Dana Y Fuhrman
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mina Hanna
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Catherine Joseph
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston
| | - David M Kwiatkowski
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, California
| | - Catherine D Krawczeski
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital/The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
| | - Brianna M Liberio
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Shina Menon
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Tahagod H Mohamed
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital/The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
| | - Jennifer A Rumpel
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
| | - Keia R Sanderson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Meredith P Schuh
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey L Segar
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Cara L Slagle
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Danielle E Soranno
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Kim T Vuong
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston
| | - Jennifer R Charlton
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Katja M Gist
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David J Askenazi
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - David T Selewski
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| |
Collapse
|
267
|
Wang L, Zheng W, Sun Y, Ren X, Yan C, Song S, Ai C. Fucoidan ameliorates alcohol-induced liver injury in mice through Parabacteroides distasonis-mediated regulation of the gut-liver axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135309. [PMID: 39236962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides can benefit the liver via modulation of the gut microbiota, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. This study demonstrated that the effect of Scytosiphon lomentaria fucoidan (SLF) on alcohol-induced liver injury can be closely related to the level of Parabacteroides distasonis (Pd) via in vivo and in vitro models. Further mice experiment showed that Pd alleviated liver injury and inflammation by suppressing the NF-κB/MAPK pathways and activating Nrf2 pathway. The underlying mechanism can be closely associated with modulation of the gut microbiota, particularly an increase in microbiota diversity and beneficial bacteria and a reduction in Proteobacteria. Targeted metabolomics indicated that Pd ameliorated alcohol-induced dysbiosis of microbiota metabolites profile, primarily affecting amino acid metabolism. Moreover, Pd reduced the level of total bile acids (BAs) and improved BAs profile, affecting the expression levels of BA-associated genes in the liver and ileum involved in BA synthesis, transport, and reabsorption. This study suggests that SLF can benefit alcohol-induced liver injury via P. distasonis-mediated regulation of the gut-liver axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Weiyun Zheng
- School of Agronomy and Life Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, PR China
| | - Yiyun Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Ren
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Chunhong Yan
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Shuang Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Chunqing Ai
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
268
|
Apaydın BB, Çamoğlu T, Canbek Özdil ZC, Gezen-Ak D, Ege D, Gülsoy M. Chitosan-enhanced sensitivity of mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA)- capped gold nanorod based localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensor for detection of alpha-synuclein oligomer biomarker in parkinson's disease. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024. [PMID: 39228174 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein oligomers play a crucial role in the early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, a mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA)-capped gold nanorod (GNR)-coated and chitosan (CH)-immobilized fiber optic probe has shown considerable sensitivity of its detection. The proposed U-shaped fiber optic biosensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) was applied to detect α-syn oligomer (OA) biomarker. By analyzing OA concentrations, the biosensor achieved a limit of detection of (LOD) 11 pM within the concentration range of 10-100 pM and the sensitivity value was found as 502.69 Δλ/RIU. Upon analysis of the CV% (coefficient of variation) and accuracy/recovery values, it is revealed that the sensor successfully fulfilled the criteria for success, displaying accuracy/recovery values within the range of 80%-120% and CV% values below 20%. This sensor presents significant advantages, including high sensitivity, specificity, and ability to detect very low concentrations of OA. In conclusion, the suggested U-shaped fiber optic biosensor has the potential to be valuable in the early detection of PD from a clinical perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tugay Çamoğlu
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Duygu Gezen-Ak
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Ege
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Gülsoy
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
269
|
Behrouzi R, Clipson A, Simpson KL, Blackhall F, Rothwell DG, Dive C, Mouliere F. Cell-free and extrachromosomal DNA profiling of small cell lung cancer. Trends Mol Med 2024:S1471-4914(24)00218-1. [PMID: 39232927 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is highly aggressive with poor prognosis. Despite a relative prevalence of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in SCLC, liquid biopsies are not currently implemented, unlike non-SCLC where cell-free DNA (cfDNA) mutation profiling in the blood has utility for guiding targeted therapies and assessing minimal residual disease. cfDNA methylation profiling is highly sensitive for SCLC detection and holds promise for disease monitoring and molecular subtyping; cfDNA fragmentation profiling has also demonstrated clinical potential. Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA), that is often observed in SCLC, promotes tumour heterogeneity and chemotherapy resistance and can be detected in blood. We discuss how these cfDNA profiling modalities can be harnessed to expand the clinical applications of liquid biopsy in SCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Behrouzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK National Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexandra Clipson
- Cancer Research UK National Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kathryn L Simpson
- Cancer Research UK National Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Fiona Blackhall
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dominic G Rothwell
- Cancer Research UK National Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research UK National Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Florent Mouliere
- Cancer Research UK National Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
270
|
Sung J, Kim JH. Association between ambient temperature and thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine levels in Korean euthyroid adults. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 262:119918. [PMID: 39237021 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Sung
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hun Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
271
|
Bonstingl L, Skofler C, Ulz C, Zinnegger M, Sallinger K, Schönberger J, Schuch K, Pankratz K, Borrás-Cherrier A, Somodi V, Abuja PM, Oberauner-Wappis L, Moser T, Heitzer E, Bauernhofer T, Kroneis T, El-Heliebi A. Clinical Application of ISO and CEN/TS Standards for Liquid Biopsies-Information Everybody Wants but Nobody Wants to Pay For. Clin Chem 2024; 70:1140-1150. [PMID: 38958115 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvae079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquid biopsies are emerging as valuable clinical biomarkers for cancer monitoring. Although International Organization for Standards (ISO) and Technical Specifications from the European Committee for Standardization (CEN/TS) standardized workflows exist, their implementation in clinical practice is underdeveloped. We aimed to assess the applicability of ISO and CEN/TS standards in a real-world clinical setting, with a particular focus on evaluating the impact of preanalytical parameters and hemolysis on liquid biopsy analysis. METHODS We evaluated 659 peripheral blood samples from advanced prostate cancer patients against ISO and CEN/TS standards and documented all essential criteria, including tube draw order, filling level, temperature, and time tracking from blood draw to storage. We assessed hemolysis and its effect on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cell (CTC) analysis. RESULTS Our results demonstrated a high compliance rate, with 96.2% (634/659) of samples meeting essential ISO and CEN/TS criteria. We did not observe a significant impact on ctDNA or CTC detection rates between hemolytic and nonhemolytic samples. Hemolysis was identified in 12.9% (40/311) of plasma samples from our advanced prostate cancer cohort, and within the draw order of 5 blood collection tubes, hemolysis did not significantly increase from tube 1 to 5. In total, 83.8% (552/659) of blood collection tubes had high fill levels above 80% of nominal filling level. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the feasibility and benefits of adhering to ISO and CEN/TS standards in a clinical liquid biopsy study. The standards revealed that hemolysis occurred frequently but did not impair downstream ctDNA and CTC analysis in our cohort of advanced prostate cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilli Bonstingl
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- CBmed, Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
- ELBS, European Liquid Biopsy Society, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Skofler
- CBmed, Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Diagnostic & Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Ulz
- CBmed, Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Diagnostic & Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Katja Sallinger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- CBmed, Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Schönberger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Schuch
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Pankratz
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anatol Borrás-Cherrier
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Visnja Somodi
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter M Abuja
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Diagnostic & Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lisa Oberauner-Wappis
- CBmed, Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Diagnostic & Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tina Moser
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Liquid Biopsies for Early Detection of Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Liquid Biopsies for Early Detection of Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Bauernhofer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Kroneis
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Amin El-Heliebi
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- CBmed, Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
- ELBS, European Liquid Biopsy Society, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
272
|
Zayed AM, Janssens A, Mamouris P, Delvaux N. lab2clean: a novel algorithm for automated cleaning of retrospective clinical laboratory results data for secondary uses. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2024; 24:245. [PMID: 39227951 PMCID: PMC11370074 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-024-02652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integrity of clinical research and machine learning models in healthcare heavily relies on the quality of underlying clinical laboratory data. However, the preprocessing of this data to ensure its reliability and accuracy remains a significant challenge due to variations in data recording and reporting standards. METHODS We developed lab2clean, a novel algorithm aimed at automating and standardizing the cleaning of retrospective clinical laboratory results data. lab2clean was implemented as two R functions specifically designed to enhance data conformance and plausibility by standardizing result formats and validating result values. The functionality and performance of the algorithm were evaluated using two extensive electronic medical record (EMR) databases, encompassing various clinical settings. RESULTS lab2clean effectively reduced the variability of laboratory results and identified potentially erroneous records. Upon deployment, it demonstrated effective and fast standardization and validation of substantial laboratory data records. The evaluation highlighted significant improvements in the conformance and plausibility of lab results, confirming the algorithm's efficacy in handling large-scale data sets. CONCLUSIONS lab2clean addresses the challenge of preprocessing and cleaning clinical laboratory data, a critical step in ensuring high-quality data for research outcomes. It offers a straightforward, efficient tool for researchers, improving the quality of clinical laboratory data, a major portion of healthcare data. Thereby, enhancing the reliability and reproducibility of clinical research outcomes and clinical machine learning models. Future developments aim to broaden its functionality and accessibility, solidifying its vital role in healthcare data management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Medhat Zayed
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Menoufia University National Liver Institute, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.
| | - Arne Janssens
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pavlos Mamouris
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Delvaux
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
273
|
Gu X, Wei S, Lv X. Circulating tumor cells: from new biological insights to clinical practice. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:226. [PMID: 39218931 PMCID: PMC11366768 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary reason for high mortality rates among cancer patients is metastasis, where tumor cells migrate through the bloodstream from the original site to other parts of the body. Recent advancements in technology have significantly enhanced our comprehension of the mechanisms behind the bloodborne spread of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). One critical process, DNA methylation, regulates gene expression and chromosome stability, thus maintaining dynamic equilibrium in the body. Global hypomethylation and locus-specific hypermethylation are examples of changes in DNA methylation patterns that are pivotal to carcinogenesis. This comprehensive review first provides an overview of the various processes that contribute to the formation of CTCs, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune surveillance, and colonization. We then conduct an in-depth analysis of how modifications in DNA methylation within CTCs impact each of these critical stages during CTC dissemination. Furthermore, we explored potential clinical implications of changes in DNA methylation in CTCs for patients with cancer. By understanding these epigenetic modifications, we can gain insights into the metastatic process and identify new biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and targeted therapies. This review aims to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical application, highlighting the significance of DNA methylation in the context of cancer metastasis and offering new avenues for improving patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu Gu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyou Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
274
|
Gordon JS, Niklinski E, Do H, Quinlan P. Impact of a Modified Protocol for Blood Collection on Hemolysis Rates and Nurses' Perceptions About Improving Their Practice Environment. J Perianesth Nurs 2024:S1089-9472(24)00207-7. [PMID: 39230533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2024.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In 2019, approximately 5% of blood draws in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) were hemolyzed compared to 1.1% across other hospital units. A preliminary review showed almost 60% of patients sampled blood employing arterial lines in the unit. The purpose of this quality improvement study was to improve blood drawing practices and reduce the occurrence of hemolysis. A secondary aim was for PACU nurses to lead this unit-based initiative. DESIGN Team members led by PACU nurses used the Deming model of quality improvement as a framework to better the process of specimen collection. METHODS The team employed the Plan-Do-Check-Act procedure to organize their improvement efforts. Specimen collection protocol was modified to include manual aspiration from arterial lines and hemolysis data was retrieved from laboratory generated reports and electronic medical records. FINDINGS By changing blood drawing practices, the hemolysis rate was significantly reduced from 5.2% to 3.6%. Two years postimplementation, rates continue to decline with the current rate at 1.97%. CONCLUSION This nurse-led interdisciplinary improvement initiative identified and trialed evidence-based solutions to reduce blood specimen hemolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Niklinski
- Post Anesthesia Care Unit, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Huong Do
- Clinical Data Core, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Patricia Quinlan
- Department of Nursing, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
275
|
Seo D, Choi BH, La JA, Kim Y, Kang T, Kim HK, Choi Y. Multi-Biomarker Profiling for Precision Diagnosis of Lung Cancer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402919. [PMID: 39221684 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Multi-biomarker analysis can enhance the accuracy of the single-biomarker analysis by reducing the errors caused by genetic and environmental differences. For this reason, multi-biomarker analysis shows higher accuracy in early and precision diagnosis. However, conventional analysis methods have limitations for multi-biomarker analysis because of their long pre-processing times, inconsistent results, and large sample requirements. To solve these, a fast and accurate precision diagnostic method is introduced for lung cancer by multi-biomarker profiling using a single drop of blood. For this, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic immunoassay (SERSIA) is employed for the accurate, quick, and reliable quantification of biomarkers. Then, it is checked the statistical relation of the multi-biomarkers to differentiate between healthy controls and lung cancer patients. This approach has proven effective; with 20 µL of blood serum, lung cancer is diagnosed with 92% accuracy. It also accurately identifies the type and stage of cancer with 87% and 85%, respectively. These results show the importance of multi-biomarker analysis in overcoming the challenges posed by single-biomarker diagnostics. Furthermore, it markedly improves multi-biomarker-based analysis methods, illustrating its important impact on clinical diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongkwon Seo
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Hyeon Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju A La
- Institute of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjae Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewook Kang
- Institute of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Koo Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonho Choi
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
276
|
Won H, Bae JH, Lim H, Kang M, Kim M, Lee SH. 2024 KSoLA consensus on secondary dyslipidemia. Korean J Intern Med 2024; 39:717-730. [PMID: 39252486 PMCID: PMC11384241 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2024.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels induced by secondary causes are frequently observed. The identification and appropriate handling of these causes are essential for secondary dyslipidemia treatment. Major secondary causes of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia include an unhealthy diet, diseases and metabolic conditions affecting lipid levels, and therapeutic side effects. It is imperative to correct secondary causes prior to initiating conventional lipid-lowering therapy. Guideline-based lipid therapy can then be administered based on the subsequent lipid levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoyoun Won
- Cardiovascular-Arrhythmia Center, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minji Kang
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minjoo Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Hak Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
277
|
Formisano E, Proietti E, Perrone G, Demarco V, Galoppi P, Stefanutti C, Pisciotta L. Characteristics, Physiopathology and Management of Dyslipidemias in Pregnancy: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2927. [PMID: 39275243 PMCID: PMC11397408 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). During pregnancy, physiological changes elevate cholesterol and triglyceride levels to support fetal development, which can exacerbate pre-existing conditions and lead to complications such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and increased ASCVD risk for both mother and child. Effective management strategies are necessary, especially for pregnant women with inherited forms of dyslipidemia (i.e., familial hypertriglyceridemia, hyperchylomicronemia), where personalized dietary adjustments are crucial for successful pregnancy outcomes. Pharmacological interventions and lipoprotein apheresis may be necessary for severe cases, though their use is often limited by factors such as cost, availability, and potential fetal risks. Despite the promise of advanced therapies, their widespread application remains constrained by limited studies and high costs. Thus, a personalized, multidisciplinary approach is essential for optimizing outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current strategies and evidence-based practices for managing dyslipidemia during pregnancy, emphasizing the balance of maternal and fetal health. Additionally, it discusses the physiological changes in lipid metabolism during pregnancy and their implications, particularly for women with inherited forms of dyslipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Formisano
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Proietti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Perrone
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Demarco
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Galoppi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Stefanutti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Extracorporeal Therapeutic Techniques Unit, Lipid Clinic and Atherosclerosis Prevention Centre, Regional Centre for Rare Diseases, Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Umberto I Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Pisciotta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
278
|
Qi X, He X, Peng Y, He X, Yang Q, Jiao K, Liu H. Roles of osteocalcin in the central nervous system. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e70016. [PMID: 39252492 PMCID: PMC11386255 DOI: 10.1111/cns.70016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone-derived protein osteocalcin, which has beneficial effects on brain function, may be a future research direction for neurological disorders. A growing body of evidence suggests a link between osteocalcin and neurological disorders, but the exact relationship is contradictory and unclear. SCOPE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to summarize the current research on the interaction between osteocalcin and the central nervous system and to propose some speculative future research directions. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS In the normal central nervous system, osteocalcin is involved in neuronal structure, neuroprotection, and the regulation of cognition and anxiety. Studies on osteocalcin-related abnormalities in the central nervous system are divided into animal model studies and human studies, depending on the subject. In humans, the link between osteocalcin and brain function is inconsistent. These conflicting data may be due to methodological inconsistencies. By reviewing the related literature on osteocalcin, some comorbidities of the bone and nervous system and future research directions related to osteocalcin are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Shan Qi
- Department of RadiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Imaging in Guizhou Higher Education lnstitutions, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiChina
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Xin He
- Department of RadiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Imaging in Guizhou Higher Education lnstitutions, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiChina
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of RadiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Imaging in Guizhou Higher Education lnstitutions, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiChina
| | - Xing‐Hong He
- Department of RadiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Imaging in Guizhou Higher Education lnstitutions, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiChina
| | - Qian‐Yu Yang
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Kai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi‘anChina
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of RadiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Imaging in Guizhou Higher Education lnstitutions, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiChina
| |
Collapse
|
279
|
Hu W, Chen J, Chao L, Kang B, Sun J. Methylmercury in commercial fish species from the Erhai Lake Basin, Southwest China: concentrations, health risk assessment, and implications for future monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:56473-56481. [PMID: 39269526 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Erhai Lake, a highland lake situated in Southwest China, provides critical aquatic protein sources for the local community, and its preservation is vital due to the sensitivity of alpine freshwater ecosystems to disturbance. However, there is a lack of research on the contamination status of methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic organisms of the Erhai Lake Basin. MeHg concentrations in important commercial fish species from the Erhai Lake were examined, and the potential health risks associated with human consumption were assessed. Our results showed significant inter-species differences in fish muscle MeHg: the carnivorous S. asotus exhibited the highest level (303 ng/g; ww), while that of the detritivorous R. ocellatus was the lowest (3.86 ng/g). Moreover, MeHg concentrations in P. fulvidraco and C. auratus collected from the Luoshi River (a major tributary of Erhai Lake) were significantly higher compared to those from the Erhai Lake, indicating possible river-based input of MeHg into the Erhai Lake. Additionally, our study revealed a significant positive correlation between the MeHg levels and the length as well as weight of the examined fish species. All the fish species analyzed in our study had MeHg concentrations within the limits of China's food safety standard. Nevertheless, a relatively low consumption quantity of 16 g per day of certain species (i.e., S. asotus) may still pose potential health risks especially for children. The present study provides baseline data for MeHg monitoring and risk assessment in the Erhai Lake Basin, and warrants continued monitoring and source investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Hu
- Erhai Watershed Ecological Environment Quality Testing Engineering Research Center of Yunnan Provincial Universities, Erhai Research Institute, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Dali, CN-671006, China
| | - Jingrui Chen
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, CN-266003, China
| | - Le Chao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, CN-266003, China
| | - Bin Kang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, CN-266003, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, CN-266003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
280
|
Kunimasa K, Sugimoto N, Yamasaki T, Kukita Y, Fujisawa F, Inoue T, Yamaguchi Y, Kitasaka M, Sakai D, Honma K, Wakamatsu T, Yamamoto S, Hayashi T, Mabuchi S, Okuno J, Kawamura T, Kai Y, Urabe M, Nishimura K. Real-world assessment of comprehensive genome profiling impact on clinical outcomes: A single-institution study in Japan. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70249. [PMID: 39315676 PMCID: PMC11420830 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Comprehensive genome profiling (CGP) has revolutionized healthcare by offering personalized medicine opportunities. However, its real-world utility and impact remain incompletely understood. This study examined the extent to which CGP leads to genomically matched therapy and its effectiveness. METHODS We analyzed data from advanced solid tumor patients who underwent CGP panel between December 2019 and May 2023 at the Osaka International Cancer Institute. Patient demographics, specimen details, and expert panel assessments were collected. Turnaround time (TAT) and genomically matched therapy outcomes were analyzed. Gene alterations and their co-occurrence patterns were also assessed. RESULTS Among 1437 patients, 1096 results were available for analysis. The median TAT was 63 [28-182] days. There were 667 (60.9%) cases wherein recommended clinical trials were presented and there were 12 (1.1%) cases that could be enrolled in the trial and 25 (2.3%) cases that could lead to therapies under insurance reimbursement. The median progression free survival of the trial treatment was 1.58 months (95% CI: 0.66-4.37) in clinical trials and 3.66 months (95% CI: 2.14-7.13) in treatment under insurance. Pathologic germline variants were confirmed in 15 patients (1.3%). Co-alteration of CDKN2A, CDKN2B, and MTAP was significantly observed in overall population. CONCLUSION The effectiveness of the genomically matched therapy based on the CGP panel was unsatisfactory. Expansion of clinical trials and utilization of remote clinical trials are required to ensure that the results of the CGP panel can be fully returned to patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kunimasa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Genetic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Genetic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamasaki
- Department of Genetic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Laboratory, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoji Kukita
- Department of Genetic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Genomic Pathology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumie Fujisawa
- Department of Genetic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shiga General Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tazuko Inoue
- Department of Genetic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamaguchi
- Department of Genetic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Kitasaka
- Department of Genetic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Genetic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Honma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Wakamatsu
- Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yamamoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuji Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiji Mabuchi
- Department of Gynecology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Okuno
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kawamura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yugo Kai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makiko Urabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nishimura
- Department of Genetic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Urology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
281
|
Qin Y, Qiao Y, Yan G, Wang D, Tang C. Relationship between indices of insulin resistance and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese adults. Endocrine 2024; 85:1228-1237. [PMID: 38642289 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is a pivotal pathogenesis characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The current study aimed to explore the association between triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-c), triglyceride-glucose (TyG), and triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), and T2DM incidence. METHODS A total of 116,855 Chinese adults aged over 20 without diabetes were included. Multivariate Cox regression analysis and restricted cubic spine were utilized to investigate the association between IR indicators and T2DM. The T2DM risk across different quartiles of IR parameters was compared using Kaplan-Meier curves. The receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to investigate the predictive potential of each IR indicator for future T2DM. RESULTS A total of 2685 participants developed T2DM during a median follow-up of 2.98 years. The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of incident T2DM were 1.177, 2.766, and 1.1018 for TG/HDL-c, TyG, and TyG-BMI, respectively. There were significant increasing trends of T2DM across the quartiles of TG/HDL-c, TyG, and TyG-BMI. The HRs of new-onset T2DM in the highest quartiles versus the lowest quartile of TG/HDL-c, TyG, and TyG-BMI were 3.298, 8.402, and 8.468. RCS revealed the nonlinear relationship between IR and T2DM risk. The correlations between IR and T2DM were more pronounced in subjects aged <40. TyG-BMI had the highest predictive value for incident T2DM (AUC = 0.774), with a cut-off value of 213.289. CONCLUSION TG/HDL-c, TyG, and TyG-BMI index were all significantly positively associated with higher risk for future T2DM. Baseline TyG-BMI level had high predictive value for the identification of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Gaoliang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengchun Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
282
|
Robinson KL, Pretorius C, Blumenthal R, Meyer P. The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Suicide Trends in Pretoria, South Africa. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2024; 45:202-209. [PMID: 38833342 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Suicide is one of the worldwide leading causes of unnatural death. Pretoria is a capital city of South Africa and is the fourth most populated city in South Africa. Between 16 and 22 suicide cases are recorded daily in South Africa.Case files from the Pretoria Medico-Legal Laboratory were reviewed between 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2021, which spanned the COVID-19 pandemic. All cases of possible and probable suicides were included. One-way analysis of variance and Pearson chi 2 tests were conducted to determine statistical significance in the observed trends.A total of 1820 possible and probable suicide cases were identified. The year following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic accounted for the largest number of suicides. White males were the most heavily represented population, followed by Black males. Hanging was the most common method for males, whereas poisoning via ingestion and/or overdose was more commonly used by females.Suicides in Pretoria have increased since previous studies from 9.74% and 10.2% to 13.32%. Methods used have changed among various population groups over the past two decades. This paper examined changes in suicide trends in Pretoria compared to previous studies and highlighted correlations between suicide trends and COVID-19 lockdown measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kay-Leigh Robinson
- From the Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria
| | - Candice Pretorius
- From the Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria
| | - Ryan Blumenthal
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Pretoria, Prinshof Campus, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Pieter Meyer
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Pretoria, Prinshof Campus, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
283
|
Kwon YK, Kim MJ, Choi YJ, Yoon SH, Oh KS, Shin YM. Lead exposure estimation through a physiologically based toxicokinetic model using human biomonitoring data and comparison with scenario-based exposure assessment: A case study in Korean adults. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 191:114829. [PMID: 38955257 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Pb toxicity is linked to cardiovascular and nephrotoxicity issues. Exposure to this heavy metal can occur through food and drinking water. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate Pb exposure and assess health risks in Korean adults using a physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model. Human blood Pb concentrations were monitored using the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) Cycle 4. The average Pb exposure in Korean adults was 0.520 μg/kg bw/day. The PBTK results were compared with scenario-based results from the 2021 risk assessment report of five heavy metals, including Pb, conducted by the MFDS. Exposure determined through reverse dosimetry was approximately two times higher than scenario-based exposure (0.264 μg/kg bw/day). The higher exposure levels obtained during PBTK analysis may be attributed to sustained exposure within historically more contaminated living environments and the long half-life of Pb. These findings suggest that the PBTK-based method can quantify aggregated exposure levels in the body over time, potentially serving as a complementary tool to address the constraints of scenario-based assessment methods for integrated risk assessment. Moreover, this model is convenient and cost-effective compared with scenario-based exposure estimation. These findings can facilitate the application of model for tracking continuous national changes in hazardous substance levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kook Kwon
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdoek-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 25159, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Kim
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdoek-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 25159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Ju Choi
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdoek-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 25159, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyeon Yoon
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdoek-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 25159, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum-Soon Oh
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdoek-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 25159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Min Shin
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdoek-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 25159, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
284
|
Demongeot J, Magal P. Data-driven mathematical modeling approaches for COVID-19: A survey. Phys Life Rev 2024; 50:166-208. [PMID: 39142261 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2024.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we successively present the methods for phenomenological modeling of the evolution of reported and unreported cases of COVID-19, both in the exponential phase of growth and then in a complete epidemic wave. After the case of an isolated wave, we present the modeling of several successive waves separated by endemic stationary periods. Then, we treat the case of multi-compartmental models without or with age structure. Eventually, we review the literature, based on 260 articles selected in 11 sections, ranging from the medical survey of hospital cases to forecasting the dynamics of new cases in the general population. This review favors the phenomenological approach over the mechanistic approach in the choice of references and provides simulations of the evolution of the number of observed cases of COVID-19 for 10 states (California, China, France, India, Israel, Japan, New York, Peru, Spain and United Kingdom).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Demongeot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, AGEIS EA7407, La Tronche, F-38700, France.
| | - Pierre Magal
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China; Univ. Bordeaux, IMB, UMR 5251, Talence, F-33400, France; CNRS, IMB, UMR 5251, Talence, F-33400, France
| |
Collapse
|
285
|
Handzic A, Xie JS, Margolin EA. Diagnostic Yield of Investigations in Symmetric Optic Neuropathy. J Neuroophthalmol 2024; 44:365-370. [PMID: 37616072 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symmetric optic neuropathy (SON) is commonly seen in neuro-ophthalmic practice and is often discovered incidentally. Although multiple investigations might be performed to discover the underlying cause, they are not always indicated. The aim of this study was to report a clinically reasonable and cost-effective approach to investigating patients with SON. METHODS SON was defined as bilateral optic neuropathy with normal and/or symmetrically decreased central visual acuity, absence of relative afferent pupillary defect, presence of symmetric optic disc pallor, symmetric thinning of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer on optical coherence tomography, and absence of other identifiable causes of optic neuropathy. Records of all patients diagnosed with SON seen at a tertiary university-affiliated neuro-ophthalmology practice from 2016 to 2022 were reviewed to identify the yield of various investigations. Clinical data from the initial and last follow-up visit were obtained. Subgroup analysis was performed to ascertain whether diagnostic yield is higher in patients with severe visual loss (central acuity worse than 20/40) compared with those with mild visual loss (acuity 20/40 or better). RESULTS One hundred thirty-six patients met inclusion criteria. Testing for OPA1 and OPA2 mutations had the highest diagnostic yield (16.0%), followed by mitochondrial genome sequencing (13.6%), serum vitamin B12 (6.1%), and serum folate (1.6%). MRI brain was performed in 54.4% of patients and had a diagnostic yield of only 5%. Both patients who had abnormal MRI had symptoms of demyelination at presentation. Patients were followed for a mean of 15.0 (SD 21.3) months. The most frequently identified etiologies of SON were Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (8.1%), alcohol/tobacco amblyopia (7.4%), vitamin B12 deficiency (5.9%), and dominant optic atrophy (2.9%). Patients with severe visual impairment were more likely to have a final diagnosis compared with those with milder visual impairment (63.9% vs 12.0%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic yield of investigating SON in patients with preserved visual function, normal diet, and absence of other neurological symptoms is very low. It is reasonable to observe patients with SON with mild visual impairment, reserving costly investigations for those with the visual acuity worse than 20/40 or progressive course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Handzic
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences (AH, EAM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine (JSX), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; and Division of Neurology (EAM), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
286
|
Zeb R, Yin X, Chen F, Wang KJ. Sex-specific divergent responses of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) towards long-term benzo[a]pyrene exposure revealed stronger resilience and recoverability in female fish. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143077. [PMID: 39134182 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a representative five-membered polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, has been extensively studied as a pollutant for decades. Despite this, sex-specific responses to BaP exposure remain poorly understood. This study employed a life-cycle exposure approach to investigate the effects of prolonged BaP exposure on marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma), highlighting sex-specific responses. After a 90-day exposure period, significant variations in biometric measurements and oxidative stress markers were observed between male and female fish. BaP exposure resulted in weak detoxification defense in males, while females exhibited an opposite response. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 13 significantly enriched pathways in males and 11 in females, with varying numbers of differentially expressed genes between the sexes, highlighting distinct biological responses. Host resistance assay showed higher mortality rates among BaP-exposed males, and suppressed immune gene expressions and lysozyme activity, while females demonstrated enhanced immune genes and lysozyme activity post-challenge, indicating a more resilient defense response. Furthermore, after a one-month depuration period following BaP exposure, male medaka demonstrated slower recoverability compared to females. These findings underscore sex-specific effects of BaP exposure on fish, with females displaying stronger resilience. Understanding these distinctions are crucial for accurately assessing the impact of environmental pollutants on the aquatic population and ecosystem maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Zeb
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Xiaohan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Fangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Ke-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
287
|
Behringer V, Sonnweber R, Hohmann G, Stevens JMG, Verspeek J, Kivell TL. A non-invasive measure of bone growth in mammals: Validating urinary CTX-I as a bone resorption marker through long-bone growth velocity in bonobos. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70326. [PMID: 39315301 PMCID: PMC11417956 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Assessing bone growth trajectories in mammals is crucial for understanding life history dynamics, but the quantification of bone growth in natural settings can be challenging. Bone resorption markers that can be measured in urine, such as C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), offer a non-invasive solution to assess bone growth. Although measurement of urinary CTX-I levels has been applied extensively in human studies, its use in other species is so far limited to a few clinical studies. To validate urinary CTX-I as a bone resorption marker under less controlled conditions, we investigated within-individual day-to-day variation, diurnal patterns, and sex and age-specific variation in zoo-housed bonobos (Pan paniscus). We then also correlated urinary CTX-I levels with forearm growth velocity measures. We found a day-to-day variability in urinary CTX-I levels of around 25%, comparable to human variation. Diurnally, CTX-I levels decreased, aligning with observations in humans and other species. Both sexes showed an age-related decline in urinary CTX-I levels, with a steady decrease after the age of 10 years. Additionally, we found a positive correlation between forearm growth velocity and urinary CTX-I levels across age in female, but not in male, bonobos. Our results demonstrate that urinary CTX-I levels are a meaningful measure of bone growth and highlight its potential to examine bone growth trajectories also in wild populations to investigate life history dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Behringer
- Endocrinology Laboratory, German Primate CenterLeibniz Institute for Primate Research GöttingenGottingenGermany
| | - Ruth Sonnweber
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Gottfried Hohmann
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
- Max Planck Institute of Animal BehaviorConstanceGermany
| | - Jeroen M. G. Stevens
- SALTO Agro‐ and BiotechnologyOdisee University of Applied SciencesSint‐NiklaasBelgium
| | - Jonas Verspeek
- Antwerp Zoo, Centre for Research and ConservationRoyal Zoological Society of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Tracy L. Kivell
- Department of Human OriginsMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| |
Collapse
|
288
|
Guleken Z, Aday A, Bayrak AG, Hindilerden İY, Nalçacı M, Cebulski J, Depciuch J. Relationship between amide ratio assessed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy: A biomarker candidate for polycythemia vera disease. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202400162. [PMID: 38978265 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The study utilized Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics to investigate protein composition and structural changes in the blood serum of patients with polycythemia vera (PV). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed distinct biochemical properties, highlighting elevated absorbance of phospholipids, amides, and lipids in PV patients compared to healthy controls. Ratios of amide I/amide II and amide I/amide III indicated alterations in protein structures. Support vector machine analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves identified amide I as a crucial predictor of PV, achieving 100% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, while amide III showed a lower predictive value (70%). PCA analysis demonstrated effective differentiation between PV patients and controls, with key wavenumbers including amide II, amide I, and CH lipid vibrations. These findings underscore the potential of FTIR spectroscopy for diagnosing and monitoring PV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zozan Guleken
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Gaziantep University of Islam Science and Technology, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Aynur Aday
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Gül Bayrak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İpek Yönal Hindilerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meliha Nalçacı
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jozef Cebulski
- Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Joanna Depciuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
289
|
Sun JY, Xu Q, Shen H, Huang W, Qu Q, Sun W, Kong XQ. The Association between Leucocyte Telomere Length and Survival Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2024; 25:333. [PMID: 39355591 PMCID: PMC11440408 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2509333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We explore the association between leucocyte telomere length (LTL) and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific death in CVD patients. Methods We acquired 1599 CVD patients from a nationally representative US population survey for this study. We applied Kaplan-Meier curves, adjusted weighted Cox regression models, and restricted cubic spline to investigate the association between LTL and all-cause death. Additionally, we employed competing risk regression to assess the impact of LTL on cardiovascular-specific death, setting non-cardiovascular death as a competing event. Results The overall mortality rate was 31.0% after a median follow-up of 13.9 years. Patients with shorter LTL exhibited a higher risk of all-cause death, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.25 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.48). Restricted cubic spline illustrated a linear dose-response relationship. In gender-specific analyses, female patients with shorter LTL showed a higher risk of death (weighted HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.29-2.48), whereas this association was not observed in males (weighted HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.61-1.32). The Fine-Gray competing risk model revealed no significant relationship between LTL and cardiovascular-specific mortality but a significant association with non-cardiovascular death (adjusted HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.02-1.51). Conclusions LTL is inversely associated with all-cause death in female CVD patients. The significant correlation between reduced LTL and increased all-cause mortality emphasizes LTL as a potential marker for tertiary prevention against cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 215008 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210000 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210000 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210000 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 215008 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210000 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 215008 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210000 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 215008 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210000 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang-Qing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 215008 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210000 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
290
|
Netto BB, da Silva EP, de Aguiar da Costa M, de Rezende VL, Bolan SJ, Ceretta LB, Aschner M, Dominguini D, Gonçalves CL. Critical period of exposure to mercury and the diagnostic of autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. J Neurochem 2024; 168:2092-2104. [PMID: 38344837 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by repetitive behaviors and deficits in social interaction. Its etiology is not completely clear, but both genetic and environmental factors contribute to and influence its development and course. The increased number of autism cases in recent years has been strongly associated with increased exposure to heavy metals. Mercury (Hg) has gained prominence in the scientific literature as a result of its presence as an urban pollutant and well-described neurotoxicity. This review assessed the relationship between Hg exposure in the pre- and post-natal period and ASD. The systematic review identified observational clinical studies and pre-clinical trials in journals indexed in the PubMed, Embase, ProQuest, and LILACS databases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between exposure to Hg and ASD and to define the critical period of exposure. A total of 57 articles were selected for this review, with 35 articles (61.40%) identifying a positive association between ASD and Hg, while 22 articles (38.60%) did not find the same outcome. The biological samples most used to analyze Hg body burdens were hair (36.84%) and blood (36.84%). Most case-control studies found an increase in Hg levels in individuals with ASD who were exposed to a polluted environment in the post-natal period. Taken together, the studies suggest that these patients have a deficient detoxification system, and this could worsen the symptoms of the disorder. However, new studies addressing the influence of Hg on the post-natal nervous system and its relationship with ASD should be carried out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Bittencourt Netto
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
- Medical School, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Maiara de Aguiar da Costa
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Victória Linden de Rezende
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Sofia Januário Bolan
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | | | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Diogo Dominguini
- Program in Collective Health, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cinara Ludvig Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
291
|
Mao J, Wang M, Wang C, Gu H, Meng X, Jiang Y, Yang X, Zhang J, Xiong Y, Zhao X, Liu L, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li Z, Zhu B. Glycated albumin levels are associated with adverse stroke outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke in China. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13600. [PMID: 39264001 PMCID: PMC11391381 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Glycated albumin (GA) is a biomarker monitoring glycemia 2-4 weeks before stroke onset. This study was designed to explore the association between GA levels with poststroke outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). METHOD Participants with ischemic stroke or TIA who had a baseline GA measurement were included in the Third China National Stroke Registry study. The effect of GA on stroke recurrence, poor functional outcomes, and combined vascular events was examined during the 1-year follow-up period. Multivariate Cox and logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the association. Discrimination tests were used to examine the incremental predictive value of GA when incorporating it into the conventional model. RESULTS A total of 3861 participants were enrolled. At the 3-month follow-up, the elevated GA level was associated with an increased risk of poor functional outcomes (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-2.09). A similar increase was observed for stroke recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.56; 95% CI, 1.09-2.24), poor functional outcomes (adjusted OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.07-2.45), and combined vascular events (adjusted HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.09-2.20) at the 1-year follow-up. In nondiabetic patients, the association between GA and poor functional outcomes was more pronounced (adjusted OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.05-2.50). Adding GA into the conventional model resulted in slight improvements in predicting poor functional outcomes (net reclassification improvement [NRI]: 12.30% at 1 year). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that elevated GA levels in serum were associated with stroke adverse outcomes, including stroke recurrence, poor functional outcomes, and combined vascular events, in patients with ischemic stroke or TIA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Mao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Chunjuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Hongqiu Gu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yunyun Xiong
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
- Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zixiao Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina
- Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Bihong Zhu
- Department of NeurologyHuangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
| |
Collapse
|
292
|
Arshavsky YI. Autoimmune hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: unanswered question. J Neurophysiol 2024; 132:929-942. [PMID: 39163023 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00259.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) was described more than a century ago. However, there are still no effective approaches to its treatment, which may suggest that the search for the cure is not being conducted in the most productive direction. AD begins as selective impairments of declarative memory with no deficits in other cognitive functions. Therefore, understanding of the AD pathogenesis has to include the understanding of this selectivity. Currently, the main efforts aimed at prevention and treatment of AD are based on the dominating hypothesis for the AD pathogenesis: the amyloid hypothesis. But this hypothesis does not explain selective memory impairments since β-amyloid accumulates extracellularly and should be toxic to all types of cerebral neurons, not only to "memory engram neurons." To explain selective memory impairment, I propose the autoimmune hypothesis of AD, based on the analysis of risk factors for AD and molecular mechanisms of memory formation. Memory formation is associated with epigenetic modifications of chromatin in memory engram neurons and, therefore, might be accompanied by the expression of memory-specific proteins recognized by the adaptive immune system as "non-self" antigens. Normally, the brain is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). All risk factors for AD provoke BBB disruptions, possibly leading to an autoimmune reaction against memory engram neurons. This reaction would make them selectively sensitive to tauopathy. If this hypothesis is confirmed, the strategies for AD prevention and treatment would be radically changed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri I Arshavsky
- BioCircuits Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
293
|
Tang B, Liu B, Zeng Z. A new TGF-β risk score predicts clinical and immune landscape in colorectal cancer patients. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2024; 8:927-941. [PMID: 39229560 PMCID: PMC11368510 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant TGF-β signaling pathway can lead to invasive phenotype of colorectal cancer (CRC), resulting in poor prognosis. It is pivotal to develop an effective prognostic factor on the basis of TGF-β-related genes to accurately identify risk of CRC patients. Methods We performed differential analysis of TGF-β-related genes in CRC patients from databases and previous literature to obtain TGF-β-related differentially expressed genes (TRDEGs). LASSO-Cox regression was utilized to build a CRC prognostic feature model based on TRDEGs. The model was validated using two GEO validation sets. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was utilized to test correlation of model with clinical factors. ESTIMATE algorithm and ssGSEA and tumor mutation burden (TMB) analysis were used to analyze immune landscape and mutation burden of high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) groups. CellMiner database was utilized to identify therapeutic drugs with high sensitivity to the feature genes. Results We established a six-gene risk prognostic model with good predictive accuracy, which independently predicted CRC patients' prognoses. The HR group was more likely to experience immunotherapy benefits due to higher immune infiltration and TMB. The feature gene TGFB2 could inhibit the efficacy of drugs such as XAV-939, Staurosporine, and Dasatinib, but promote the efficacy of drugs such as CUDC-305 and by-product of CUDC-305. Similarly, RBL1 could inhibit the drug action of Fluphenazine and Imiquimod but promote that of Irofulven. Conclusion A CRC risk prognostic signature was developed on basis of TGF-β-related genes, which provides a reference for risk and further therapeutic selection of CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCentral Hospital of YongzhouYongzhouHunanChina
| | - Binggang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCentral Hospital of YongzhouYongzhouHunanChina
| | - Zhiyao Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCentral Hospital of YongzhouYongzhouHunanChina
| |
Collapse
|
294
|
Lippi G, Pighi L, Salvagno GL, Tiziani E, Castellini ME, Ferraro R, Henry BM. Effect of exogenous lipids contamination on blood gas analysis. ADVANCES IN LABORATORY MEDICINE 2024; 5:301-306. [PMID: 39252807 PMCID: PMC11381945 DOI: 10.1515/almed-2024-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of contamination of venous blood with a lipid-containing solution on parameters measured by a modern blood gas analyzer. Methods We collected venous blood from 17 healthcare workers (46 ± 11 years; 53 % women) into three blood gas syringes containing 0 , 5 and 10 % lipid-containing solution. Blood gas analysis was performed within 15 min from sample collection on GEM Premier 5000, while triglycerides and serum indices were assays on Roche COBAS C702. Results Triglycerides concentration increased from 1.0 ± 0.3 mmol/L in the uncontaminated blood gas syringe, to 39.4 ± 7.8 and 65.3 ± 14.4 mmol/L (both p<0.001) in syringes with 5 and 10 % final lipid contamination. The lipemic and hemolysis indices increased accordingly. Statistically significant variation was noted for all analytes except hematocrit and COHb in the syringe with 5 % lipids, while only COHb did not vary in the syringe with 10 % lipids. Significant increases were observed from 5 % lipid contamination for pO2, SO2 and lactate, while the values of pH, pCO2, sodium, potassium, chloride, ionized calcium, glucose, hematocrit (10 % contamination), hemoglobin and MetHB decreased. All these changes except lactate and CoHb exceeded their relative performance specifications. Conclusions Artifactual hyperlipidemia caused by contamination with exogenous lipids can have a clinically significant impact on blood gas analysis. Manufacturers of blood gas analyzers must be persuaded to develop new instruments equipped with serum indices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Pighi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Salvagno
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Tiziani
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Castellini
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferraro
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Brandon M Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
295
|
Yang DN, Yan C, Yan L, Niu Y, Wen JX, Hai L, Gao WH, Wang YJ, Wang YF, Zhou Q, Zheng WQ, Hu ZD. Apolipoprotein E in patients with undiagnosed pleural effusion: a prospective diagnostic test accuracy study. Expert Rev Respir Med 2024; 18:735-741. [PMID: 39136379 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2391943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pleural effusion is common in clinical practice, and its differential diagnosis remains challenging for clinicians. This study investigates the diagnostic value of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in patients with undetermined pleural effusion. METHODS This prospective, double-blind study enrolled 152 patients with undiagnosed pleural effusion. Their pleural fluid apoE levels were measured, and a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of apoE. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess apoE's net benefit. Subgroup analyses were performed to investigate the effect of age on the diagnostic accuracy of apoE. RESULTS Among the included participants, 23 had heart failure (HF). HF patients had the lowest apoE level among pleural effusion patients. The area under the curve (AUC) of apoE for HF was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.69-0.89). At the threshold of 40 mg/L, the sensitivity and specificity of apoE were 0.96 (95% CI: 0.87-1.00) and 0.33 (95% CI: 0.25-0.42), respectively. The decision curve for apoE was above reference lines. The AUC of apoE decreased in older patients. CONCLUSION Pleural fluid apoE has moderate diagnostic value for HF and has net benefits in patients with undiagnosed pleural effusion. The diagnostic accuracy of apoE decreases with age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Ni Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomarkers, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Cheng Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomarkers, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Li Yan
- Key Laboratory for Biomarkers, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yan Niu
- Medical Experiment Center, the College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jian-Xun Wen
- Key Laboratory for Biomarkers, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Medical Experiment Center, the College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ling Hai
- Department of Pathology, the College of Basic Medical, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wen-Hui Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomarkers, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ying-Jun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomarkers, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ya-Fei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomarkers, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qianghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Biomarkers, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wen-Qi Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomarkers, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhi-De Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomarkers, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
296
|
Won H, Bae JH, Lim H, Kang M, Kim M, Lee SH. 2024 KSoLA Consensus on Secondary Dyslipidemia. J Lipid Atheroscler 2024; 13:215-231. [PMID: 39355405 PMCID: PMC11439749 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2024.13.3.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels induced by secondary causes are frequently observed. The identification and appropriate handling of these causes are essential for secondary dyslipidemia treatment. Major secondary causes of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia include an unhealthy diet, diseases and metabolic conditions affecting lipid levels, and therapeutic side effects. It is imperative to correct secondary causes prior to initiating conventional lipid-lowering therapy. Guideline-based lipid therapy can then be administered based on the subsequent lipid levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoyoun Won
- Cardiovascular-Arrhythmia Center, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minji Kang
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minjoo Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Hak Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
297
|
Panahi P, Mirzohreh ST, Zafardoust H, Khamnian Z, Alizadeh M. Navigating the waves: A systematic review of telemedicine interventions and health service access challenges in epilepsy during COVID-19. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 158:109934. [PMID: 39079379 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically reshaped the landscape of healthcare delivery, prompting a surge in the adoption of telemedicine as a means to ensure continuity of care. During the pandemic, patients with epilepsy experienced difficulties accessing healthcare and obtaining necessary medications, with a substantial percentage facing obstacles in acquiring anti-seizure medication and reaching healthcare professionals. Disruptions in the supply and distribution of medication, due to COVID-19-related actions, further caused more problems for people with epilepsy and their caregivers like increasing seizure frequency. The pandemic has also accelerated the adoption of telemedicine, with evidence suggesting its potential benefits in various medical fields. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to investigate the challenges faced by patients with epilepsy during the COVID-19 pandemic, including healthcare access and medication acquisition, as well as evaluate changes in seizure frequency. Additionally, we will synthesize existing evidence on the use of telemedicine to address the healthcare needs of these patients, exploring its advantages and limitations. METHODS This systematic review was prepared using PRISMA reporting guidelines. The databases searched were PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Risk of Bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Following rigorous application of eligibility criteria, relevant data, covering both telemedicine-related and health service access information, were methodically extracted and organized using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. The analytical procedures were executed through the utilization of Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. RESULTS A total of 70 articles included in this review. Regarding difficulties in accessing healthcare, 34% of PWE and 41% of caregivers experienced cancelled, changed or postponed appointments. Following issues with obtaining medicine, 13% of patients and 16% of caregivers had difficulties in medicine availability and 11% of patients and 10% of caregivers in medicine accessibility. A very high rate of 90% satisfaction with telemedicine was reported by PWE. 17.6% of PWE experienced an escalation, 9% a decrease and 67% no changes in seizure frequency. CONCLUSION This review and meta-analysis revealed that telemedicine and virtual communications have been helpful but not sufficient for meeting healthcare needs for PWE during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, there was a significant increase in seizure frequency among PWE who had difficulty obtaining medicine and access to healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhila Khamnian
- Department of Community Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahasti Alizadeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
298
|
Krishnaraj A, Dennis F, Teoh H, Verma S, Hess DA. Vascular regenerative cell content in South Asians: the key learnings. Curr Opin Cardiol 2024; 39:444-450. [PMID: 38847610 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We aim to provide a comprehensive examination of the literature linking elevated rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals of South Asian ethnicity with the severity of circulating vascular regenerative cell exhaustion. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings have demonstrated reduced bioavailability of pro-vascular progenitor cell subsets in individuals with T2D and obesity. Depletion of vascular regenerative cells in the bone marrow - coupled with decreased mobilization into circulation - can negatively impact the capacity for vascular repair and exacerbate CVD risk. Several recent studies have established that although South Asian individuals possess similar inflammatory cell burden compared with other ethnicities, they exhibit marked decreases in vessel regenerative hematopoietic progenitor cells and monocyte subsets. Validation of these findings and investigation the functional capacity of vascular regenerative cell subsets to mediate vessel repair is highly warranted. SUMMARY Vascular regenerative cells play a key role coordinating angiogenic and arteriogenic vessel remodelling. Recent studies have demonstrated that South Asian individuals with T2D show severe depletion in circulating vascular regenerative cell subsets. Because the reversal of vascular regenerative cell exhaustion by current glucose-lowering pharmaceutical agents has recently been documented, early intervention to bolster vascular regenerative cell content may prevent CVD co-morbidities in South Asian individuals with cardiometabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Krishnaraj
- Division of Cardiac Surgery
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto
| | - Fallon Dennis
- Division of Cardiac Surgery
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - David A Hess
- Division of Cardiac Surgery
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
299
|
Xie Y, Farrell SF, Armfield N, Sterling M. Serum Vitamin D and Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study of 349,221 Adults in the UK. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:104557. [PMID: 38734042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient and deficient vitamin D may be associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain, but study findings are conflicting, and few account for important confounding factors. This cross-sectional study explored the association between serum vitamin D status and chronic musculoskeletal pain in various body sites, adjusting for a wide range and a number of potential confounding factors. Data collected at the baseline assessments of 349,221 UK Biobank participants between 2006 and 2010 were analyzed. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured and categorized as <25.0 nmol/L (severe deficiency), 25.0 to 49.9 nmol/L (deficiency), 50.0 to 74.9 nmol/L (insufficiency), and ≥75.0 nmol/L (sufficiency). The outcome was self-reported chronic musculoskeletal pain at any site, neck/shoulder, back, hip, knee, or widespread pain that interfered with usual activities. Potential confounders were identified using directed acyclic graphs and included sociodemographic, lifestyle, psychological factors, and medical comorbidities. Simple models adjusted for age and sex showed significant associations between suboptimal vitamin D status and chronic pain across all sites (odds ratios [ORs] ranged 1.07-2.85). These associations were weakened or became insignificant after accounting for all confounding factors (ORs ≤ 1.01) for chronic regional musculoskeletal pain. Severe vitamin D deficiency remained a significant and positive association with chronic widespread pain after adjusting for all confounding factors (OR [95% confidence interval]: 1.26 [1.07, 1.49]). This study suggests that, while vitamin D status is not a key independent determinant of chronic regional musculoskeletal pain, severe vitamin D deficiency may be associated with chronic widespread pain. PERSPECTIVE: After accounting for various confounders, vitamin D deficiency was not associated with regional musculoskeletal pain. However, the relationship between chronic widespread pain severe vitamin D deficiency remained after confounder adjustment. Use of vitamin D supplements in individuals with chronic widespread pain and severe vitamin D deficiency warrants further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Xie
- RECOVER Injury Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence: Better Health Outcomes for Compensable Injury, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; STARS Education and Research Alliance, Surgical Treatment and Rehabilitation Service (STARS), The University of Queensland and Metro North Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott F Farrell
- RECOVER Injury Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence: Better Health Outcomes for Compensable Injury, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; STARS Education and Research Alliance, Surgical Treatment and Rehabilitation Service (STARS), The University of Queensland and Metro North Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nigel Armfield
- RECOVER Injury Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence: Better Health Outcomes for Compensable Injury, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; STARS Education and Research Alliance, Surgical Treatment and Rehabilitation Service (STARS), The University of Queensland and Metro North Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michele Sterling
- RECOVER Injury Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence: Better Health Outcomes for Compensable Injury, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; STARS Education and Research Alliance, Surgical Treatment and Rehabilitation Service (STARS), The University of Queensland and Metro North Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
300
|
Son HJ, Je NK. Impact of narcotics information management system on inappropriate benzodiazepine receptor agonist prescriptions: A quasi-experimental analysis in South Korea. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 90:2271-2279. [PMID: 38866400 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.16119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The South Korean government implemented the narcotics information management system (NIMS) on 18 May 2018 to manage benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BzRAs) and narcotics effectively and establish a reporting mechanism for these drugs. This study assessed the effects of NIMS on inappropriate use of BzRAs. METHODS Using national patient sample data from 2016 to 2020, we analysed adult outpatients who were prescribed oral BzRAs. We conducted a time series and segmented regression analysis using selected indicators to analyse the monthly variations related to the inappropriate use of these medications. RESULTS The study revealed no significant changes in the indicators of inappropriate BzRA use following the NIMS implementation. Contrary to expectations, there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients exceeding defined daily dose (DDD) and in those receiving concurrent prescriptions of multiple BzRAs, following the implementation of NIMS. The immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was an increase in DDD exceedance; however, overall, this did not significantly affect BzRA use. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of NIMS did not significantly enhance the management of BzRA misuse. Additional measures, including continuous monitoring, system improvements and comprehensive education for prescribers and patients, are recommended to ensure the appropriate use of psychotropic medications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Son
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kyung Je
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|