251
|
Angelice GP, Barros TM, Marques VA, Villar LM, Lago BV, Mello FCA. Exploring genetic diversity of hepatitis D virus full-length genome in Brazil: Discovery of a novel HDV-8 subgenotype beyond African borders. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 125:105671. [PMID: 39299539 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is currently classified into 8 genotypes (1 to 8) and several subgenotypes, with distinct distribution worldwide. However, due to the scarcity of complete genome sequences in databases, this classification is constantly being updated and tends to be regularly revisited in upcoming years as more sequence data becomes available. Aiming to increase knowledge about the genetic variability of HDV, this study presents the full-length genomes of 11 HDV samples collected in Brazil in endemic and non-endemic regions, including the first complete genomes of the genotypes 5 and 8 obtained outside Africa. We also determined the co-infecting HBV genotypes to investigate their prevalence among the HDV-infected individuals throughout the country. Whole genome sequencing confirmed our previous findings based on a partial fragment of the HDV genome, in which HDV subgenoypes 3c (9/11; 81.8 %), 5b (1/11; 9.1 %) and one HDV-8 sequence (1/11; 9.1 %) were detected. As previously observed, HDV-8 formed a distinct branch apart from subgenotypes 8a and 8b, a monophyletic clade representing a novel HDV-8 subgenotype, designated as 8c. Among HDV-3 samples, the main co-infecting HBV genotype found was HBV-F (4/8; 50 %), reflecting the higher incidence of this native South American genotype in the endemic Amazon Basin. Both samples infected with HDV-5 and HDV-8 were coinfected with HBV genotype E, also a genotype with African origin. Our findings based on complete genome sequence of HDV corroborated our results based on a partial region of the HDV genome of a novel HDV-8 subgenotype and reinforced the need to use full-length genomes to properly subdivide genotypes with very low intragroup genetic variability, such as HDV-3. The provision of these complete genomes is expected to contribute to the enrichment of sequence databases for future molecular and evolutionary investigations of HDV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovana P Angelice
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Tairine M Barros
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A Marques
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia M Villar
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Barbara V Lago
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco C A Mello
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
252
|
Kwan SY, Sabotta CM, Cruz LR, Wong MC, Ajami NJ, McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP, Beretta L. Gut phageome in Mexican Americans: a population at high risk for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and diabetes. mSystems 2024; 9:e0043424. [PMID: 39166873 PMCID: PMC11406975 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00434-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mexican Americans are disproportionally affected by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which often co-occurs with diabetes. Despite extensive evidence on the causative role of the gut microbiome in MASLD, studies determining the involvement of the gut phageome are scarce. In this cross-sectional study, we characterized the gut phageome in Mexican Americans of South Texas by stool shotgun metagenomic sequencing of 340 subjects, concurrently screened for liver steatosis by transient elastography. Inter-individual variations in the phageome were associated with gender, country of birth, diabetes, and liver steatosis. The phage signatures for diabetes and liver steatosis were subsequently determined. Enrichment of Inoviridae was associated with both diabetes and liver steatosis. Diabetes was further associated with the enrichment of predominantly temperate Escherichia phages, some of which possessed virulence factors. Liver steatosis was associated with the depletion of Lactococcus phages r1t and BK5-T, and enrichment of the globally prevalent Crassvirales phages, including members of genus cluster IX (Burzaovirus coli, Burzaovirus faecalis) and VI (Kahnovirus oralis). The Lactococcus phages showed strong correlations and co-occurrence with Lactococcus lactis, while the Crassvirales phages, B. coli, B. faecalis, and UAG-readthrough crAss clade correlated and co-occurred with Prevotella copri. In conclusion, we identified the gut phageome signatures for two closely linked metabolic diseases with significant global burden. These phage signatures may have utility in risk modeling and disease prevention in this high-risk population, and identification of potential bacterial targets for phage therapy.IMPORTANCEPhages influence human health and disease by shaping the gut bacterial community. Using stool samples from a high-risk Mexican American population, we provide insights into the gut phageome changes associated with diabetes and liver steatosis, two closely linked metabolic diseases with significant global burden. Common to both diseases was an enrichment of Inoviridae, a group of phages that infect bacterial hosts chronically without lysis, allowing them to significantly influence bacterial growth, virulence, motility, biofilm formation, and horizontal gene transfer. Diabetes was additionally associated with the enrichment of Escherichia coli-infecting phages, some of which contained virulence factors. Liver steatosis was additionally associated with the depletion of Lactococcus lactis-infecting phages, and enrichment of Crassvirales phages, a group of virulent phages with high global prevalence and persistence across generations. These phageome signatures may have utility in risk modeling, as well as identify potential bacterial targets for phage therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suet-Ying Kwan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Caroline M Sabotta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lorenzo R Cruz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew C Wong
- The Platform for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research (PRIME-TR), Moon Shots Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nadim J Ajami
- The Platform for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research (PRIME-TR), Moon Shots Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph B McCormick
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Susan P Fisher-Hoch
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Laura Beretta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
253
|
Zarei M, Hajihassani O, Hue JJ, Loftus AW, Graor HJ, Nakazzi F, Naji P, Boutros CS, Uppin V, Vaziri-Gohar A, Shalaby AS, Asara JM, Rothermel LD, Brody JR, Winter JM. IDH1 Inhibition Potentiates Chemotherapy Efficacy in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2024; 84:3072-3085. [PMID: 38843355 PMCID: PMC11403292 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with a 5-year overall survival rate of just 13%, and development of chemotherapy resistance is nearly universal. PDAC cells overexpress wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) that can enable them to overcome metabolic stress, suggesting it could represent a therapeutic target in PDAC. Here, we found that anti-IDH1 therapy enhanced the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutics. Chemotherapy treatment induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased tricarboxylic acid cycle activity in PDAC cells, along with the induction of wild-type IDH1 expression as a key resistance factor. IDH1 facilitated PDAC survival following chemotherapy treatment by supporting mitochondrial function and antioxidant defense to neutralize ROS through the generation of α-ketoglutarate and NADPH, respectively. Pharmacologic inhibition of wild-type IDH1 with ivosidenib synergized with conventional chemotherapeutics in vitro and potentiated the efficacy of subtherapeutic doses of these drugs in vivo in murine PDAC models. This promising treatment approach is translatable through available and safe oral inhibitors and provides the basis of an open and accruing clinical trial testing this combination (NCT05209074). Significance: Targeting IDH1 improves sensitivity to chemotherapy by suppressing mitochondrial function and inducing oxidative stress, supporting the potential of the combination as an effective strategy for treating pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Zarei
- Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Omid Hajihassani
- Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jonathan J Hue
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alexander W Loftus
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hallie J Graor
- Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Faith Nakazzi
- Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Parnian Naji
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Christina S Boutros
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Vinayak Uppin
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ali Vaziri-Gohar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Akram S Shalaby
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction and Mass Spectrometry Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luke D Rothermel
- Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jordan M Winter
- Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
254
|
Senapedis W, Gallagher KM, Figueroa E, Farelli JD, Lyng R, Hodgson JG, O'Donnell CW, Newman JV, Pacaro M, Siecinski SK, Chen J, McCauley TG. Targeted transcriptional downregulation of MYC using epigenomic controllers demonstrates antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma models. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7875. [PMID: 39285180 PMCID: PMC11405918 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of master regulator c-MYC (MYC) plays a central role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other cancers but remains an elusive target for therapeutic intervention. MYC expression is epigenetically modulated within naturally occurring DNA loop structures, Insulated Genomic Domains (IGDs). We present a therapeutic approach using an epigenomic controller (EC), a programmable epigenomic mRNA medicine, to precisely modify MYC IGD sub-elements, leading to methylation of MYC regulatory elements and durable downregulation of MYC mRNA transcription. Significant antitumor activity is observed in preclinical models of HCC treated with the MYC-targeted EC, as monotherapy or in combination with tyrosine kinase or immune checkpoint inhibitors. These findings pave the way for clinical development of MYC-targeting epigenomic controllers in HCC patients and provide a framework for programmable epigenomic mRNA therapeutics for cancer and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elmer Figueroa
- Omega Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Flagship Pioneering, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert Lyng
- Omega Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
- SalioGen Therapeutics, Lexington, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
255
|
Villegas-Aguilar MDC, Cádiz Gurrea MDL, Herranz-López M, Barrajón-Catalán E, Arráez-Román D, Fernández-Ochoa Á, Segura-Carretero A. An untargeted metabolomics approach applied to the study of the bioavailability and metabolism of three different bioactive plant extracts in human blood samples. Food Funct 2024; 15:9176-9190. [PMID: 39158031 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01522c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of bioavailability and metabolism of bioactive compounds have been achieved primarily through targeted or semi-targeted metabolomics approaches using the hypothesis of potential metabolized compounds. The recent development of untargeted metabolomics approaches can present great advantages in this field, such as in the discovery of new metabolized compounds or to study the metabolism of compounds from multiple matrices simultaneously. Thus, this study proposes the use of an untargeted metabolomics strategy based on HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS for the study of bioavailability and metabolism of bioactive compounds from different vegetal sources. Specifically, this study has been applied to plasma samples collected in an acute human intervention study using three matrices (Hibiscus sabdariffa, Silybum marianum and Theobroma cacao). This approach allowed the selection of those significant variables associated with exogenous metabolites derived from the consumption of bioactive compounds for their subsequent identification. As a result, 14, 25 and 3 potential metabolites associated with supplement intake were significantly detected in the plasma samples from volunteers who ingested the H. sabdariffa (HS), S. marianum (SM) and T. cacao (TC) extracts. Furthermore, Tmax values have been computed for each detected compound. The results highlight the potential of untargeted metabolomics for rapid and comprehensive analysis when working with a wide range of exogenous metabolites from different plant sources in biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Herranz-López
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE) and Molecular and Cell Biology Institute (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Enrique Barrajón-Catalán
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE) and Molecular and Cell Biology Institute (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - David Arráez-Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
256
|
Oguri N, Miyoshi J, Nishinarita Y, Wada H, Nemoto N, Hibi N, Kawamura N, Miyoshi S, Lee STM, Matsuura M, Osaki T, Hisamatsu T. Akkermansia muciniphila in the small intestine improves liver fibrosis in a murine liver cirrhosis model. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:81. [PMID: 39285193 PMCID: PMC11405509 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that liver cirrhosis (LC) is a reversible condition, but there is no established intervention against liver fibrosis. Although the gut microbiota is considered involved in the pathogenesis of LC, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Although the antibiotic, rifaximin (RFX), is effective for hepatic encephalopathy (HE) with LC, the impact of RFX on intestinal bacteria is unknown. We investigated the bacterial compositions along the GI tract under RFX treatment using a murine LC model. RFX improved liver fibrosis and hyperammonemia and altered the bacterial composition in the small intestine. The efficacy of RFX was associated with increases in specific bacterial genera, including Akkermansia. Administration of a commensal strain of Akkermansia muciniphila improved liver fibrosis and hyperammonemia with changing bacterial composition in the small intestine. This study proposed a new concept "small intestine-liver axis" in the pathophysiology of LC and oral A. muciniphila administration is a promising microbial intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Oguri
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuu Nishinarita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuki Nemoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noritaka Hibi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sawako Miyoshi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonny T M Lee
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Minoru Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Osaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadakazu Hisamatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
257
|
Delghandi S, Raoufinia R, Shahtahmasbi S, Meshkat Z, Gouklani H, Gholoobi A. An overview of occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) with emphasis on HBV vaccination. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37097. [PMID: 39281486 PMCID: PMC11402251 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a significant threat to the lives of 257 million individuals globally, potentially resulting in severe outcomes such as liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Among the existing preventive measures, yeast-derived vaccines have proven to be the most efficacious approach in combatting hepatitis B. Nonetheless, as scientific inquiries focus more on occult HBV infection (OBI) in vaccinated persons and the lingering risk of vertical transmission affecting 10-30 % of babies born to HBsAg-positive mothers, there is a growing apprehension regarding the inability of HBV vaccines to ensure complete immunity. This study aims to offer a more comprehensive understanding of the implications of widespread HBV vaccination initiatives on OBI while tackling the primary limitations associated with current vaccine formulations. Methods The exploration was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to pinpoint research on OBI within vaccinated cohorts. A sum of 76 suitable studies was recognized. Discussion Multiple studies have documented the occurrence of OBI in fully vaccinated individuals, including both the general population and high-risk groups, such as newborns born to HBsAg-positive mothers. Factors contributing to vaccine failures include low-level anti-HBs antibodies, high maternal viral loads in mother-to-child transmission cases, as well as the presence of vaccine escape mutants and heterologous HBV genotypes. However, further research is needed to precisely understand the impact of active immunization on the emergence of OBI in vaccinated populations. Nonetheless, it is apparent that the advancement of more effective HBV vaccines could potentially lead to the extinction of HBV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Delghandi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Division of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ramin Raoufinia
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Shahtahmasbi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Gouklani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Aida Gholoobi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
258
|
Zhou MT, Zhang P, Mao Q, Wei XQ, Yang L, Zhang XM. Current research status of transarterial therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:3752-3760. [PMID: 39350995 PMCID: PMC11438772 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
With continuous advancements in interventional radiology, considerable progress has been made in transarterial therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in recent years, and an increasing number of research papers on transarterial therapies for HCC have been published. In this editorial, we comment on the article by Ma et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastro intestinal Oncology: "Efficacy and predictive factors of transarterial chemoembolization combined with lenvatinib plus programmed cell death protein-1 inhibition for unresectable HCC". We focus specifically on the current research status and future directions of transarterial therapies. In the future, more studies are needed to determine the optimal transarterial local treatment for HCC. With the emergence of checkpoint immunotherapy modalities, it is expected that the results of trials of transarterial local therapy combined with systemic therapy will bring new hope to HCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Ting Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Medical Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Medical Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qi Mao
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Medical Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Wei
- School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Medical Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Medical Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
259
|
Gong Q, Sun Y, Liu L, Pu C, Guo Y. Oral administration of tea-derived exosome-like nanoparticles protects epithelial and immune barrier of intestine from psychological stress. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36812. [PMID: 39281430 PMCID: PMC11395767 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress disrupts the integrity of the intestinal barrier and is strongly linked to emotional disorders, behavioral changes, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. However, there are limited treatment options available for repairing the damage to the intestinal barrier. As a natural plant-based health beverage, tea (Camellia sinensis) has been shown to have various potentially advantageous effects on the intestinal barrier and immune function. In this study, we extracted bioactive molecules from tea leaves, named exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs), and then examined their potential protective properties for the intestinal barrier. Through in vitro experimentation, we investigated whether tea-derived ELNs (TELNs) could offer a protective effect against lipopolysaccharides-induced damage to the intestinal barrier. In an in vivo experiment, rats were exposed to water avoidance stress and subsequently administered TELNs orally. The administration of TELNs resulted in the enhancement of the epithelial barrier in the intestine, effectively preventing bacterial translocation to the submucosae. Additionally, TELNs were found to improve the function of the intestinal immune barrier through the mediation of interleukin-22 and the increased secretion of antimicrobial peptide Reg3g. Notably, miR-44 and miR-54 in TELNs exhibited similar protective effects on the intestinal barrier. These findings suggest that TELNs possess the ability to restore the integrity of the intestinal barrier in the context of psychological stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyuan Gong
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshan Sun
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunlan Pu
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanbiao Guo
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
260
|
Saijou E, Kamiya Y, Fujiki K, Shirahige K, Nakato R. Modulation of liver cholesterol homeostasis by choline supplementation during fibrosis resolution. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36727. [PMID: 39296030 PMCID: PMC11407984 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a critical global health challenge, often leading to severe liver diseases without timely intervention. Choline deficiency has been linked to metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and liver fibrosis, suggesting choline supplementation as a potential therapeutic approach. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of choline supplementation in liver fibrosis resolution and its effects on cholesterol homeostasis using a mouse model with induced liver fibrosis. Our findings reveal that choline supplementation significantly decreases blood lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels. Transcriptome analysis showed that choline supplementation primarily induces genes related to cholesterol homeostasis, suggesting a significant impact on liver cholesterol synthesis. However, choline supplementation did not significantly alter the expression of fibrosis-related, choline metabolism-related, or epigenetics-related genes. This study provides novel insights into the role of choline in liver health and cholesterol metabolism, potentially informing treatments for liver fibrosis and related conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Saijou
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kamiya
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Katsunori Fujiki
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Nakato
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
261
|
Yadav M, Verma S, Tiwari P, Mugale MN. Unraveling the mechanisms of hepatogenous diabetes and its therapeutic perspectives. Life Sci 2024; 353:122934. [PMID: 39089644 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The review focused mainly on the pathogenesis of hepatogenous diabetes (HD) in liver cirrhosis (LC). This review reveals parallels between the mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction observed in LC and type II diabetes (T2DM), suggesting a shared pathway leading to HD. It underscores the role of insulin in HD pathogenesis, highlighting key factors such as insulin signaling, glucose metabolism, insulin resistance (IR), and the influence of adipocytes. Furthermore, the impact of adipose tissue accumulation, fatty acid metabolism, and pro-inflammatory cytokines like Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on IR are discussed in the context of HD. Altered signaling pathways, disruptions in the endocrine system, liver inflammation, changes in muscle mass and composition, and modifications to the gut microbiota collectively contribute to the complex interplay linking cirrhosis and HD. This study highlights how important it is to identify and treat this complex condition in cirrhotic patients by thoroughly analyzing the link between cirrhosis, IR, and HD. It also emphasizes the vitality of targeted interventions. Cellular and molecular investigations into IR have revealed potential therapeutic targets for managing and preventing HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Yadav
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Smriti Verma
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Purnima Tiwari
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
262
|
Ooi VY, Yeh TY. Recent Advances and Mechanisms of Phage-Based Therapies in Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9938. [PMID: 39337427 PMCID: PMC11432602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing interest in bacteriophage technology has prompted its novel applications to treat different medical conditions, most interestingly cancer. Due to their high specificity, manipulability, nontoxicity, and nanosize nature, phages are promising carriers in targeted therapy and cancer immunotherapy. This approach is particularly timely, as current challenges in cancer research include damage to healthy cells, inefficiency in targeting, obstruction by biological barriers, and drug resistance. Some cancers are being kept at the forefront of phage research, such as colorectal cancer and HCC, while others like lymphoma, cervical cancer, and myeloma have not been retouched in a decade. Common mechanisms are immunogenic antigen display on phage coats and the use of phage as transporters to carry drugs, genes, and other molecules. To date, popular phage treatments being tested are gene therapy and phage-based vaccines using M13 and λ phage, with some vaccines having advanced to human clinical trials. The results from most of these studies have been promising, but limitations in phage-based therapies such as reticuloendothelial system clearance or diffusion inefficiency must be addressed. Before phage-based therapies for cancer can be successfully used in oncology practice, more in-depth research and support from local governments are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting-Yu Yeh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Auxergen Inc., Riti Rossi Colwell Center, 701 E Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
263
|
Che L, Stevenson CK, Plas DR, Wang J, Du C. BRUCE liver-deficiency potentiates MASLD/MASH in PTEN liver-deficient background by impairment of mitochondrial metabolism in hepatocytes and activation of STAT3 signaling in hepatic stellate cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.13.611500. [PMID: 39314445 PMCID: PMC11419131 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.13.611500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is currently the most common liver disease, affecting up to 25% of people worldwide, featuring excessive fat accumulation in hepatocytes. Its advanced form, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), is a serious disease with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, increasing the need for liver transplants. However, the pathogenic mechanism of MASLD and MASH is not fully understood. We reported that BRUCE ( BIRC6) is a liver cancer suppressor and is downregulated in MASLD/MASH patient liver specimens, though the functional role of BRUCE in MASLD/MASH remains to be elucidated. To this end, we generated liver-specific double KO (DKO) mice of BRUCE and PTEN, a major tumor suppressor and MASLD/MASH suppressor. By comparing liver histopathology among 2-3-month-old mice, there were no signs of MASLD or MASH in BRUCE liver-KO mice and only onset of steatosis in PTEN liver-KO mice. Interestingly, DKO mice had developed robust hepatic steatosis with inflammation and fibrosis. Further analysis of mitochondrial function with primary hepatocytes found moderate reduction of mitochondrial respiration, ATP production and fatty acid oxidation in BRUCE KO and the greatest reduction in DKO hepatocytes. Moreover, aberrant activation of pro-fibrotic STAT3 signaling was found in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in DKO mice which was prevented by administered STAT3-specific inhibitor (TTI-101). Collectively, the data demonstrates by maintaining mitochondrial metabolism BRUCE works in concert with PTEN to suppress the pro-fibrogenic STAT3 activation in HSCs and consequentially prevent MASLD/MASH. The findings highlight BRUCE being a new co-suppressor of MASLD/MASH.
Collapse
|
264
|
Khodadadi N, Hekmatdoost A, Pashayee-Khamene F, Karimi S, Ahmadzadeh S, Saberifiroozi M, Hatami B, Yari Z. The association of dietary inflammatory indices and mortality in patients with cirrhosis: a cohort based study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21472. [PMID: 39277693 PMCID: PMC11401945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake has an undeniable role in the development and progression as well as the prevention and treatment of cirrhosis. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the association between dietary inflammatory indices and total mortality in patients with cirrhosis. A total of 166 outpatients with cirrhosis who were diagnosed within the last 6 months were followed up for 48 months in this cohort study. A 168-question valid food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate dietary intake. Accordingly, the dietary inflammatory index (DII), empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) and dietary inflammatory score (DIS) were calculated. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated through cox proportional hazards regression models for an association of cirrhosis mortality and three dietary inflammatory indices. After full adjustment for confounders, the results showed that mortality risk increased significantly with increasing dietary inflammatory indices. Compared to the first tertile, the risk of mortality due to cirrhosis was associated with 4.8 times increase in the third tertile of DII (HR = 4.8, 95% CI = 1.1-19.8, p trend = 0.029), 3.3 times in the third tertile of EDIP (HR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.3-8, p trend = 0.004), and 2.2 times increased in the third tertile of DIS (HR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1-4.7, p trend = 0.032). The results of the present study indicated a significant association between dietary inflammatory indices and total mortality among patients with cirrhosis. Additional research is necessary to confirm our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navideh Khodadadi
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sara Karimi
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saleheh Ahmadzadeh
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Saberifiroozi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Hatami
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Yari
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, West Arghavan St. Farahzadi Blvd., Sharake Qods, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
265
|
Bhadra S, Liu J, Summers RM. Subcutaneous edema segmentation on abdominal CT using multi-class labels and iterative annotation. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2024:10.1007/s11548-024-03262-4. [PMID: 39271574 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-024-03262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anasarca is a condition that results from organ dysfunctions, such as heart, kidney, or liver failure, characterized by the presence of edema throughout the body. The quantification of accumulated edema may have potential clinical benefits. This work focuses on accurately estimating the amount of edema non-invasively using abdominal CT scans, with minimal false positives. However, edema segmentation is challenging due to the complex appearance of edema and the lack of manually annotated volumes. METHODS We propose a weakly supervised approach for edema segmentation using initial edema labels from the current state-of-the-art method for edema segmentation (Intensity Prior), along with labels of surrounding tissues as anatomical priors. A multi-class 3D nnU-Net was employed as the segmentation network, and training was performed using an iterative annotation workflow. RESULTS We evaluated segmentation accuracy on a test set of 25 patients with edema. The average Dice Similarity Coefficient of the proposed method was similar to Intensity Prior (61.5% vs. 61.7%; p = 0.83 ). However, the proposed method reduced the average False Positive Rate significantly, from 1.8% to 1.1% ( p < 0.001 ). Edema volumes computed using automated segmentation had a strong correlation with manual annotation (R 2 = 0.87 ). CONCLUSION Weakly supervised learning using 3D multi-class labels and iterative annotation is an efficient way to perform high-quality edema segmentation with minimal false positives. Automated edema segmentation can produce edema volume estimates that are highly correlated with manual annotation. The proposed approach is promising for clinical applications to monitor anasarca using estimated edema volumes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Bhadra
- Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-Aided Diagnosis Laboratory, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA
| | - Jianfei Liu
- Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-Aided Diagnosis Laboratory, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA
| | - Ronald M Summers
- Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-Aided Diagnosis Laboratory, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
266
|
Bhangui P. Management of biliary complications after LDLT. Updates Surg 2024:10.1007/s13304-024-01988-z. [PMID: 39276196 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-024-01988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
Biliary complications (BC) in the recipient continue to be an as yet, unresolved issue following living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Bile leaks (BL) and biliary anastomotic strictures (BAS) are the most common BCs, with the latter contributing to close to 80%. With increasing expertise, endoscopic treatment with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) [the first-line treatment] and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) alone or in combination with ERC lead to successful management in a majority of these cases. However, prediction of difficulty of endoscopic success in biliary strictures, optimal duration of indwelling stents and their planned removal, management options in high-grade strictures (HGS) and the long-term outcome of patients requiring intervention for BC's are still unanswered questions in this setting. This review will try to summarise pertinent issues, novel insights and finally propose basic principles to be adhered to when dealing with the gamut of possible biliary complications after LDLT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Bhangui
- Master in HPB Surgery (Henri Bismuth Hepatobiliary Institute, France), European Inter-University Diploma in HPB Oncology, Fellowship in Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation (Hopital Paul Brousse, France), Director, Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Medanta Institute Of Liver Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon, Delhi NCR, 122001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
267
|
Tanaka A, Ma X, Takahashi A, Vierling JM. Primary biliary cholangitis. Lancet 2024; 404:1053-1066. [PMID: 39216494 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis is a chronic, autoimmune, cholestatic disease that mainly affects women aged 40-70 years. Recent epidemiological studies have shown an increasing incidence worldwide despite geographical heterogeneity and a decrease in the female-to-male ratio of those the disease affects. Similar to other autoimmune diseases, primary biliary cholangitis occurs in genetically predisposed individuals upon exposure to environmental triggers, specifically xenobiotics, smoking, and the gut microbiome. Notably, the diversity of the intestinal microbiome is diminished in individuals with primary biliary cholangitis. The intricate interplay among immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, and biliary epithelial cells is postulated as the underlying pathogenic mechanism involved in the development and progression of primary biliary cholangitis, and extensive research has been dedicated to comprehending these complex interactions. Following the official approval of obeticholic acid as second-line treatment for patients with an incomplete response or intolerance to ursodeoxycholic acid, clinical trials have indicated that peroxisome proliferator activator receptor agonists are promising additional second-line drugs. Future dual or triple drug regimens might reach a new treatment goal of normalisation of alkaline phosphatase levels, rather than a decrease to less than 1·67 times the upper limit of normal levels, and potentially improve long-term outcomes. Improvement of health-related quality of life with better recognition and care of subjective symptoms, such as pruritus and fatigue, is also an important treatment goal. Promising clinical investigations are underway to alleviate these symptoms. Efforts to facilitate better access to medical care and dissemination of current knowledge should enable diagnosis at an earlier stage of primary biliary cholangitis and ensure access to treatments based on risk stratification for all patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - John M Vierling
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Hepatology, and Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
268
|
Grecu LI, Pavel-Tanasa M, Matei L, Sultana C, Ruta SM, Grecu RI, Ursu RG, Cianga P, Iancu LS. Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis D Virus in the North-East Region of Romania. Pathogens 2024; 13:793. [PMID: 39338984 PMCID: PMC11435033 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis D virus (HDV) superinfection of individuals with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes severe liver damage and the poorest long-term prognosis among viral hepatitis. This is attributed to the unique pathogenic mechanisms of HDV characterized by a direct cytopathic effect on hepatocytes and a significant impairment of the host immune response. The HDV genotype largely influences the extent of the pathogenic mechanisms with consequences on disease progression towards cirrhosis, liver decompensation, or hepatocellular carcinoma. In this context, identifying the circulating HDV genotypes in European regions with high prevalence, such as Romania, is crucial for effectively managing the long-term liver health. Here, we report the first comprehensive HDV study in Romania that clinically characterizes 82 patients and performs HDV genotyping by combining the nested-PCR reaction with sequencing analysis in 49 samples with an HDV-RNA load higher than 5000 IU/mL. While all isolates in our study belong to the HDV-1 genotype, the phylogenetic analysis based on sequence data from GenBank reveals the presence of the following potential three groups: (i) Italy and France; (ii) Spain; and (iii) Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, and Germany. This broad clustering highlights the recent surge in migration to and from Western Europe and the Middle East. Equally important, no differences in viral markers, clinical and paraclinical parameters, or treatment options were observed between these identified clusters. Nevertheless, this study considerably advances the understanding of hepatitis D epidemiology and clinical aspects in Romania.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Iulia Grecu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.I.G.); (R.I.G.); (R.G.U.); (L.S.I.)
- Department of Emerging Viral Diseases, “Stefan S. Nicolau” Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Mariana Pavel-Tanasa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Laboratory of Immunology, St. Spiridon County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Lilia Matei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, “Stefan S. Nicolau” Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Sultana
- Department of Emerging Viral Diseases, “Stefan S. Nicolau” Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Simona Maria Ruta
- Department of Emerging Viral Diseases, “Stefan S. Nicolau” Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Razvan Ioan Grecu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.I.G.); (R.I.G.); (R.G.U.); (L.S.I.)
- Diaverum Romania, 011857 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ramona Gabriela Ursu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.I.G.); (R.I.G.); (R.G.U.); (L.S.I.)
- Microbiology Department, Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital-Cuza Voda, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| | - Petru Cianga
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Laboratory of Immunology, St. Spiridon County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Luminita Smaranda Iancu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.I.G.); (R.I.G.); (R.G.U.); (L.S.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
269
|
Rodrigues A, Alexandre-Pires G, Valério-Bolas A, Nunes T, Pereira da Fonseca I, Santos-Gomes G. Kupffer Cells and Hepatocytes: A Key Relation in the Context of Canine Leishmaniasis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1887. [PMID: 39338560 PMCID: PMC11433711 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Human zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) and canine leishmaniasis (CanL) constitute a major public and veterinary health concern and are both caused by the infection with the protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum. One of the main target organs in CanL is the liver. This complex organ, composed of various highly specialized cell types, has garnered significant attention from the scientific community as a crucial player in innate immune functions. In the context of CanL, liver infection by parasites and the host immune response generated strongly influence the disease outcome. Thus, taking advantage of a co-culture system involving canine hepatocytes and L. infantum-infected autologous Kupffer cells (KCs), allowing cell-to-cell interaction, the current report aims to shed light on the hepatocyte-KCs immune interaction. The co-culture of infected KCs with hepatocytes revealed a vital role of these cells in the activation of a local immune response against L. infantum parasites. Although KCs alone can be immunologically silenced by L. infantum infection, the cell-to-cell interaction with hepatocytes in co-culture can lead to local immune activation. In co-culture it was observed gene expression increased the number of innate immune receptors, specifically cell membrane TLR2 and cytoplasmatic NOD1 along with high TNF-α generation. Altogether, these results suggest that the immune response generated in co-culture could induce the recruitment of other circulating cells to contain and contribute to the resolution of the infection in the liver. This work also enhances our understanding of the liver as a vital organ in innate immunity within the context of CanL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armanda Rodrigues
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Graça Alexandre-Pires
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1200-771 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Valério-Bolas
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Telmo Nunes
- Microscopy Center, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pereira da Fonseca
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1200-771 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Santos-Gomes
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
270
|
Senoo-Dogbey VE, Klutsey EE. Self-reported exposure to blood and body fluids and serological evidence of lifetime exposure to hepatitis B virus among health care workers in Ghana: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:968. [PMID: 39271979 PMCID: PMC11396757 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Sub-Saharan Africa alone, about 40-65% of Hepatitis B Virus infections among HCWs were a result of percutaneous occupational exposures to contaminated blood and body fluids of patients. Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers is on the rise in Ghana. However, the relationship between self-reported exposures to blood and body fluids suspected to be contaminated with the hepatitis B virus and actual serological evidence of exposure remains unknown. The aim of the study however was to assess the self-reported exposure to HBV as against the serological evidence of lifetime exposure to HBV and associated factors among Ghanaian HCWs. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional analytical survey that involved 340 HCWs who were recruited using a simple random sampling procedure from six cadres of staff from five districts in Greater Accra. The participants were surveyed using a validated instrument and 5mls of venous blood was aseptically withdrawn for qualitative detection of Anti-HBc. SPSS version 23.0 was used to analyze the data to obtain proportions, odds ratios and their corresponding confidence intervals with the level of significance set at 0.05. RESULTS The response rate was 94% with Nurses and Doctors in the majority with a mean age of 35.6 ± 7.2. Self-reported exposure to HBV was 63% whereas lifetime exposure to HBV (Anti-HBc) prevalence was 8.2% (95% CI = 5.0-11.0%). Females were 60% less likely to be exposed to HBV (aOR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.1-0.9) than their male counterparts. HCWs without training in the prevention of blood-borne infections had almost three times higher odds of being exposed to HBV in their lifetime (aOR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.0-6.4). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that self-reported exposure to HBV-contaminated biological materials was high with a corresponding high lifetime exposure to HBV. The female gender was protective of anti-HBc acquisition. Apart from direct interventions for preventing occupational exposures to HBV in the healthcare setting, periodic training of all categories of healthcare workers in infection prevention techniques could significantly reduce exposure to the Hepatitis B virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Efua Senoo-Dogbey
- Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Accra, Legon, Ghana.
- Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Greenhill Campus Achimota, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Ellen Eyi Klutsey
- Department of Nursing, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
271
|
Zhang Z, Zeng Z, Wang L, Xiong B, Zheng B, Zhang Y, Pan L. Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide attenuated LPS-induced intestinal inflammation of mice via the TLR4/JNK signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 39268777 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide is an important bioactive component of D. indusiata, playing an important role in alleviating inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of D. indusiata polysaccharide on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation in mice. RESULTS Our results indicated that D. indusiata polysaccharide ameliorated intestinal inflammation of mice by increasing the body weight, the number of goblet cells and decreasing inflammatory cell infiltration. In addition, D. indusiata polysaccharide significantly up-regulated expression of ZO-1, Occuldin mRNA, which were 2.55-fold and 2.28-fold higher than the LPS group, respectively. In particular, D. indusiata polysaccharide effectively inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/ c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling pathway which was 0.34-fold and 0.49-fold of gene expression and 0.41-fold and 0.39-fold of protein expression in the LPS group, respectively. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggested that D. indusiata polysaccharide exerted anti-inflammatory and intestinal protective effects by inhibiting the TLR4/JNK signaling pathway, which will provide a basis for the potential value of D. indusiata polysaccharide as prebiotics in food applications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhikun Zeng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Integrated Scientific Research Base of Edible Fungi Processing and Comprehensive Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Integrated Scientific Research Base of Edible Fungi Processing and Comprehensive Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baodong Zheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Integrated Scientific Research Base of Edible Fungi Processing and Comprehensive Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Integrated Scientific Research Base of Edible Fungi Processing and Comprehensive Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lei Pan
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Integrated Scientific Research Base of Edible Fungi Processing and Comprehensive Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
272
|
Di Carlo E, Sorrentino C. Oxidative Stress and Age-Related Tumors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1109. [PMID: 39334768 PMCID: PMC11428699 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13091109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the result of the imbalance between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which are produced by several endogenous and exogenous processes, and antioxidant defenses consisting of exogenous and endogenous molecules that protect biological systems from free radical toxicity. Oxidative stress is a major factor in the aging process, contributing to the accumulation of cellular damage over time. Oxidative damage to cellular biomolecules, leads to DNA alterations, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in cellular senescence, immune system and tissue dysfunctions, and increased susceptibility to age-related pathologies, such as inflammatory disorders, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Oxidative stress-driven DNA damage and mutations, or methylation and histone modification, which alter gene expression, are key determinants of tumor initiation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Accumulation of genetic and epigenetic damage, to which oxidative stress contributes, eventually leads to unrestrained cell proliferation, the inhibition of cell differentiation, and the evasion of cell death, providing favorable conditions for tumorigenesis. Colorectal, breast, lung, prostate, and skin cancers are the most frequent aging-associated malignancies, and oxidative stress is implicated in their pathogenesis and biological behavior. Our aim is to shed light on the molecular and cellular mechanisms that link oxidative stress, aging, and cancers, highlighting the impact of both RONS and antioxidants, provided by diet and exercise, on cellular senescence, immunity, and development of an antitumor response. The dual role of ROS as physiological regulators of cell signaling responsible for cell damage and diseases, as well as its use for anti-tumor therapeutic purposes, will also be discussed. Managing oxidative stress is crucial for promoting healthy aging and reducing the risk of age-related tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Di Carlo
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlo Sorrentino
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
273
|
Aldiabat M, Alhuneafat L, Al Ta'ani O, Altarawneh S, Aleyadeh W, Almuzamil T, Butt A, Alahmad M, Madi MY, Alsabbagh K, Ayoub M, Kilani Y, Alsakarneh S, Jaber F, Alhamdani A. Inflammatory bowel disease and pulmonary embolism: a nationwide perspective. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:00042737-990000000-00405. [PMID: 39292971 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the characteristics and outcomes of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) hospitalized with pulmonary embolism (PE). METHODS This cross-sectional observational study analyzed data from the 2016 to 2019 National Inpatient Sample to investigate hospitalizations for PE in the USA, stratified by the presence or absence of IBD. Adult patients were selected using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes for PE, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, and hospital characteristics were collected. Statistical analysis included univariable and multivariable logistic regression using Stata/BE 17.0, focusing on in-hospital mortality and complications in PE patients with and without IBD. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated when appropriate. RESULTS PE/IBD group was younger (mean age 58.3 vs. 62.7 years; P < 0.001), had a higher proportion of white patients (81.2% vs. 70.9%; P < 0.001), and had a greater prevalence of chronic liver disease (7.54% vs. 6.02%; P = 0.002) when compared to PE/non-IBD patients. The PE/IBD group had lower prevalence rates of coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, and diabetes. Regarding primary outcomes, there was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality between the two groups (aOR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.77-1.09; P = 0.355). However, the IBD/PE group had a higher risk of acute kidney injury, sepsis, septic shock, cardiac arrhythmias, and deep vein thrombosis. As for secondary outcomes, PE/IBD patients had more extended hospital stays and higher healthcare costs compared with PE/non-IBD patients. CONCLUSION Hospitalized PE patients with IBD differ demographically and have a different comorbidity profile compared to those without IBD. PE/IBD patients demonstrate greater use of healthcare resources and elevated risk of hospitalization adverse events than PE/non-IBD patients, highlighting the necessity for individualized management approaches in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aldiabat
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Laith Alhuneafat
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Omar Al Ta'ani
- Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh
| | - Saba Altarawneh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine,The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA
| | - Wesam Aleyadeh
- Department of Medicine, Akron General Hospital, Akron, Ohio
| | | | - Ali Butt
- Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh
| | - Majd Alahmad
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Mahmoud Y Madi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, SSM Health Saint Louis University Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Malek Ayoub
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yassine Kilani
- Department of Medicine, Lincoln Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Saqr Alsakarneh
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri and
| | - Fouad Jaber
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri and
| | - Adee Alhamdani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
274
|
Makary MS, Alexander J, Regalado LE, Jalil S, Mumtaz K. Clinical outcomes of DEB-TACE in locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A 5-year real world experience. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309693. [PMID: 39264904 PMCID: PMC11392408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate outcomes including safety and efficacy of drug-eluting bead trans-arterial chemo-embolization (DEB-TACE) in the treatment of locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (LA-HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this single-center, retrospective study, we evaluated 471 consecutive patients with LA-HCC who underwent DEB-TACE from 2015 to 2020. Efficacy of DEB-TACE was assessed based on the imaging response using the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) and the biochemical response using alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels at 1-month follow-up. Adverse events, progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival were also examined. RESULTS HCC distribution was bilobar in 49% with largest lesion mean size of 4.3 cm ± 3.2, and a majority of patients (46.7%) were Barcelona Club Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B. Complete radiologic response was achieved in 120 (25.5%) patients, comparable to a reported 28% rate for conventional TACE. Biochemically, 41 (8.7%) patients achieved complete response, and 113 (24%) had a partial response. A total of 59 (12.5%) patients were successfully bridged to liver transplantation. Major adverse events were observed in 3%, while 7.2% experienced post-embolization syndrome. Mean PFS was 6.7 months ± 6.6, and overall survival was 64%, 16.3%, 2.1% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. CONCLUSION Based on our real world experience at a single center, DEB-TACE remains the locoregional therapy of choice for LA-HCC due to its favorable safety and efficacy profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina S Makary
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Alexander
- Department of Radiology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Luis E Regalado
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sajid Jalil
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Khalid Mumtaz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
275
|
Ben-Azu B, Fokoua AR, Annafi OS, Adebayo OG, Del Re EC, Okuchukwu N, Aregbesola GJ, Ejenavi AEC, Isiwele DM, Efezino AJ, Okpu ID. Effective action of silymarin against ketamine-induced schizophrenia in male mice: Insight into the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of action. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 179:141-155. [PMID: 39293119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurochemical dysregulations resulting from N-methyl-D-aspartate hypofunction (NMDA), are exacerbated by neuroimmune and oxidative stress and are known risk factors for neuropsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia-like diseases. Here, we investigate the protective and curative effects, and mechanisms of silymarin, a polyphenolic flavonoid with neuroprotective functions in preventive-reversal model of ketamine, an NMDA antagonist in mice. METHODS Mice were grouped into 6 cohorts (n = 9). In the pre-treatment, groups 1 and 2 received saline (10 mL/kg/p.o.), groups 3 and 4 (silymarin, 50 and 100 mg/kg/p.o.), and group 5 (risperidone, 0.5 mg/kg/p.o.) consecutively for 14 days, then combined with ketamine (20 mg/kg/i.p.) injection in groups 2-5 from days 8-14. However, mice in reversal study received intraperitoneal injection of ketamine for 14 days before silymarin (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o) and risperidone (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) treatment between days 8-14. The consequences on schizophrenia-like behavior, neurochemistry, inflammation, and oxidative/nitrergic stress markers were evaluated in critical brain regions of the disease. RESULTS Silymarin prevented and reversed ketamine-induced increase in dopamine, 5-hydroxyltryptamine, acetylcholinesterase, malondialdehyde and nitrite levels in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex and hippocampus. These were accompanied by improvement in hyperlocomotion, stereotypy, memory, and social impairments, notably devoid of cataleptogenic potential. Complementarily, silymarin reduced myeloperoxidase, tumor-necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 concentrations relative to the ketamine group. Moreover, ketamine-induced decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glutathione, catalase, superoxide-dismutase levels were normalized by silymarin in the brain regions relative to ketamine. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings suggest that silymarin's antipsychotic effect might be primarily associated, among other mechanisms, with the normalization of neurochemical and neurotrophic changes in the mice brains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benneth Ben-Azu
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Canada.
| | - Aliance R Fokoua
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Research Unit of Neuroinflammatory and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Olajide S Annafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun G Adebayo
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Elisabetta C Del Re
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, United States; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nneka Okuchukwu
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Gbemileke J Aregbesola
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Akpor-Esiri C Ejenavi
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - David M Isiwele
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Arausi J Efezino
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Ifelunwa D Okpu
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
276
|
Das S, Mukherjee U, Biswas S, Banerjee S, Karmakar S, Maitra S. Unravelling bisphenol A-induced hepatotoxicity: Insights into oxidative stress, inflammation, and energy dysregulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 362:124922. [PMID: 39260547 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a prevalent plastic monomer and endocrine disruptor, negatively impacts metabolic functions. This study examines the chronic effects of eco-relevant BPA concentrations on hepatotoxicity, focusing on redox balance, inflammatory response, cellular energy sensors, and metabolic homeostasis in male Swiss albino mice. Chronic BPA exposure resulted in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, altered hepatic antioxidant defense, lipid peroxidation, and NOX4 expression, leading to reduced cell viability. Additionally, BPA exposure significantly upregulated hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (Tnf-α, Il-1β, Il-6), NOS2, and arginase II, correlating with increased TLR4 expression, NF-κB phosphorylation, and a dose-dependent decrease in IκBα levels. BPA-induced NF-κB nuclear localization and inflammasome activation (NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β) established an inflammatory milieu. Perturbations in hepatic AMPKα phosphorylation, SIRT1, and PGC-1α, along with elevated p38 MAPK phosphorylation and ERα expression, indicated BPA-induced energy dysregulation. Furthermore, increased PLA2G4A, COX1, COX2, and PTGES2 expression in BPA-treated liver correlated with hyperlipidemia, hepatic FASN expression, steatosis, and visceral adiposity, likely due to disrupted energy sensors, oxidative stress, and inflammasome activation. Elevated liver enzymes (ALP, AST, ALT) and apoptotic markers indicated liver damage. Notably, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) priming reversed BPA-induced hepatocellular ROS accumulation, NF-κB-inflammasome activation, and intracellular lipid accumulation, while upregulating cellular energy sensors and attenuating ERα expression, suggesting NAC's protective effects against BPA-induced hepatotoxicity. Pharmacological inhibition of the NF-κB/NLRP3 cascade in BAY11-7082 pretreated, or NLRP3 immunodepleted hepatocytes reversed BPA's negative impact on SIRT1/p-AMPKα/PGC-1α and intracellular lipid accumulation, providing mechanistic insights into BPA-induced metabolic disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sriparna Das
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | - Urmi Mukherjee
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | - Subhasri Biswas
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | - Sambuddha Banerjee
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | - Sampurna Karmakar
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | - Sudipta Maitra
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, India.
| |
Collapse
|
277
|
Yi YS. The Regulatory Roles of Inflammation and Inflammasomes in Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9864. [PMID: 39337352 PMCID: PMC11432471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an innate immune response that protects our body from various pathogens and cellular dangers [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Su Yi
- Department of Life Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
278
|
Kim HJ, Jeon HJ, Kim DG, Kim JY, Shim JJ, Lee JH. Lacticaseibacillus paracsei HY7207 Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis, Inflammation, and Liver Fibrosis in Mice with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9870. [PMID: 39337360 PMCID: PMC11432063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty acid disease (NAFLD) is caused by a build-up of fat in the liver, inducing local inflammation and fibrosis. We evaluated the effects of probiotic lactic acid-generating bacteria (LAB) derived from a traditional fermented beverage in a mouse model of NAFLD. The LAB isolated from this traditional Korean beverage were screened using the human hepatic cell line HepG2, and Lactocaseibacillus paracasei HY7207 (HY7207), which was the most effective inhibitor of fat accumulation, was selected for further study. HY7207 showed stable productivity in industrial-scale culture. Whole-genome sequencing of HY7207 revealed that the genome was 2.88 Mbp long, with 46.43% GC contents and 2778 predicted protein-coding DNA sequences (CDSs). HY7207 reduced the expression of lipogenesis and hepatic apoptosis-related genes in HepG2 cells treated with palmitic acid. Furthermore, the administration of 109 CFU/kg/day of HY7207 for 8 weeks to mice fed an NAFLD-inducing diet improved their physiologic and serum biochemical parameters and ameliorated their hepatic steatosis. In addition, HY7207 reduced the hepatic expression of genes important for lipogenesis (Srebp1c, Fasn, C/ebpa, Pparg, and Acaca), inflammation (Tnf, Il1b, and Ccl2), and fibrosis (Col1a1, Tgfb1, and Timp1). Finally, HY7207 affected the expression of the apoptosis-related genes Bax (encoding Bcl2 associated X, an apoptosis regulator) and Bcl2 (encoding B-cell lymphoma protein 2) in the liver. These data suggest that HY7207 consumption ameliorates NAFLD in mice through effects on liver steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and hepatic apoptosis. Thus, L. paracasei HY7207 may be suitable for use as a functional food supplement for patients with NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ji Kim
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Jeon
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gun Kim
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yun Kim
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jung Shim
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Lee
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
279
|
Barreto CMDA, do Valle EA, Moreira JPDL, E Silva KF, Rosas SLB, Santana PT, Pittella AM, Pereira G, Fernandes FF, Perez RDM, de Souza HSP. Gut-related molecules as potential biomarkers in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Ann Hepatol 2024:101567. [PMID: 39276985 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2024.101567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Microbial translocation contributes to cirrhosis progression and complications. This study aims to investigate whether molecules related to intestinal permeability or microbial translocation can serve as prognostic biomarkers in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively evaluated hospitalized patients with decompensated cirrhosis for liver function, complications during hospitalization, in-hospital mortality, composite outcomes of in-hospital mortality and complications, 12-month mortality, and survival rates. Blood samples were collected upon admission, and 1,3 beta-D-glucan, zonulin, calprotectin, and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein were measured using commercial kits. RESULTS Ninety-one patients with decompensated cirrhosis were enrolled. The mean age was 58 ± 12 years; 57% were male. The three main cirrhosis etiologies were hepatitis C (35%), alcohol (25%), and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (17%). In terms of liver function, 52% were Child C, and 68% had model for end-stage liver disease ≥15. The in-hospital and one-year mortality rates were 31% and 57%, respectively. Child-Pugh, 1,3 beta-glucan, and model for end-stage liver disease were positively correlated; zonulin was associated with complications during hospitalization (acute kidney injury) and composite outcomes, and calprotectin was associated with all outcomes except 12-month mortality. CONCLUSIONS Serum calprotectin and zonulin levels emerge as noninvasive prognostic biomarkers for potentially unfavorable outcomes in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Marques de Alcântara Barreto
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil; Bonsucesso Federal Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, 20950-003, Brazil
| | - Eliane Almeida do Valle
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil; Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030
| | | | - Katia Farias E Silva
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil; Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030
| | - Siane Lopes Bittencourt Rosas
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Teixeira Santana
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Pereira
- Bonsucesso Federal Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, 20950-003, Brazil
| | | | - Renata de Mello Perez
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Heitor Siffert Pereira de Souza
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, 22281-100, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
280
|
Durdikova A, Durdik P, Prso M, Dvorska D, Remen L, Vojtkova J, Oleksak F, Banovcin P. Elastography as a non-invasive method of screening non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the adult phenotype of paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea. Sleep Breath 2024:10.1007/s11325-024-03149-3. [PMID: 39264533 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-024-03149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The high prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese children with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) calls for early non-invasive screening. The aim of this study was to use ultrasonographic liver echogenicity and elasticity to evaluate the early stages of liver injury in obese children with OSA. METHODS Fifty-five obese children with OSA aged 12 to 15 years were included. The control group (n = 56) consisted of healthy, non-obese children. All children underwent ultrasound examination to assess liver echogenicity using the hepatorenal index (HRI) and real-time elastography to determine the liver fibrosis index (LFI). Polysomnographic parameters, sonographic values, and clinical-biochemical assessment were statistically analysed according to OSA and its severity. Subgroup 1 was obese children with OSA and AHI < 5 and subgroup 2 was obese children with OSA and AHI ≥ 5. RESULTS Higher average values of HRI and LFI were recorded in the group of obese paediatric patients with OSA (mean age ± SD, 14.1 ± 2.2 year; 53% male; BMI z-score, 2.6 ± 0.35) compared to the control group (1.37 ± 0.19 vs. 1.12 ± 0.07, p < 0.001 and 1.82 ± 0.31 vs. 1.02 ± 0.27, p < 0.001). A significantly higher LFI was recorded in subgroup 2 compared to subgroup 1 (2.0 ± 0.3 vs. 1.6 ± 0.2, p < 0.001) while laboratory parameters and HRI (1.4 ± 0.2 vs. 1.4 ± 0.2, p = 0.630) did not change significantly. A strong positive correlation was found between the severity of OSA and the LFI (r = 0.454; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that ultrasound elastography is a useful non-invasive screening test for OSA-related steatohepatitis in obese adolescents, but other clinical studies are needed to confirm this result.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Durdikova
- Paediatric Department, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, Martin, 036 01, Slovakia
- Paediatric Department, University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Durdik
- Paediatric Department, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, Martin, 036 01, Slovakia.
- Paediatric Department, University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Marek Prso
- Paediatric Department, University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Dvorska
- Paediatric Department, University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lukas Remen
- Paediatric Department, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, Martin, 036 01, Slovakia
- Paediatric Department, University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jarmila Vojtkova
- Paediatric Department, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, Martin, 036 01, Slovakia
- Paediatric Department, University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Filip Oleksak
- Paediatric Department, University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Banovcin
- Paediatric Department, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, Martin, 036 01, Slovakia
- Paediatric Department, University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
281
|
Yadav KK, Kenney SP. Hepatitis E virus immunosuppressed animal models. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:965. [PMID: 39266958 PMCID: PMC11395946 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09870-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important emerging pathogen producing significant morbidity in immunosuppressed patients. HEV has been detrimental to solid organ transplant (SOT) patients, cancer patients, and HIV-positive patients, where chronic HEV infections occur. Blood-borne transfusions and multiple cases of chronic HEV infection in transplant patients have been reported in the past few decades, necessitating research on HEV pathogenesis using immunosuppressed animal models. Numerous animal species with unique naturally occurring HEV strains have been found, several of which have the potential to spread to humans and to serve as pathogenesis models. Host immunosuppression leads to viral persistence and chronic HEV infection allows for genetic adaptation to the human host creating new strains with worse disease outcomes. Procedures necessary for SOT often entail blood transfusions placing immunosuppressive patients into a "high risk group" for HEV infection. This scenario requires an appropriate immunosuppressive animal model to understand disease patterns in these patients. Hence, this article reviews the recent advances in the immunosuppressed animal models for chronic HEV infection with emphasis on pathogenesis, immune correlates, and the liver pathology associated with the chronic HEV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kush Kumar Yadav
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | - Scott P Kenney
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA.
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
282
|
Chen YS, Lee CH, Hsieh YH, Chiou HL, Hung MC, Lee HL. Sorafenib, a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Synergistically Enhances the Ferroptosis Effects of Asiatic Acid in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39264136 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most common cancers worldwide. Asiatic acid (AA) is a natural triterpene, which is recognized as effect of antioxidant and antitumor. Sorafenib (Sor), an orally target drug, has been applicate for the HCC therapy. However, the synergistic effect of AA and Sor on human HCC is still unclear. Here, we explore the effect of combined treatment with AA and Sor in the HCC cell line SK-HEP-1 and HepG2. Compared with treating alone, our results demonstrated that AA combined with Sor synergistically inhibited proliferative rates in MTT assay and colony formation assay. We also found that AA combined with Sor in HCC cells strongly caused cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and affected the protein level of cyclin D1 and SKP2. Furthermore, combination treatment strongly enhanced ferroptosis through cellular accumulation of iron ions, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis-related proteins (GPX4 and FTH1) in HCC cells. In addition, the combined treatment resulted in higher phosphorylation of JNK1/2 in the promotion of ferroptosis than drug treatment alone. These results indicate that AA combined with Sor synergistically improved ferroptosis in HCC cells through the regulation of JNK1/2 signaling. Taken together, the combinatorial strategy may serve as the potential treatment in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Syuan Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Chiou
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chun Hung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Lee
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
283
|
Siraw BB, Ebrahim MA, Isha S, Patel P, Mehadi AY, Zaher EA, Tafesse YT, Siraw B. The impact of liver cirrhosis on in-hospital outcomes among patients hospitalized for cardiogenic shock: A propensity score matched retrospective cohort study. J Cardiol 2024:S0914-5087(24)00176-X. [PMID: 39271054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2024.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiogenic shock poses a critical challenge characterized by diminished cardiac output and organ perfusion. Timely recognition and risk stratification are essential for effective intervention. Liver cirrhosis adds complexity due to its diverse systemic manifestations. The effect of liver cirrhosis on in-hospital outcomes in cardiogenic shock remains underexplored. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the National Inpatient Sample database from 2016 to 2020, matching cirrhotic patients with non-cirrhotic counterparts using propensity scores. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method was used to assess the impact of cirrhosis on in-hospital mortality and complications. Simple linear regression models were used to assess differences in length of stay and cost of hospitalization. RESULTS There were a total of 44,288 patients in the cohort, evenly distributed between the group with and without liver cirrhosis. Mean age of the cohort was 64 years (SD 12.5), 69.7 % were males, and 61.3 % were white. The overall in-hospital mortality rate in the cohort was 37.2 % with higher odds of in-hospital mortality in cirrhotic patients [OR = 1.3; 95 % CI (1.25, 1.35)]. Patients with cirrhosis exhibited increased risks of bowel ischemia, acute kidney injury, and sepsis compared to those without cirrhosis. Additionally, they had a heightened overall risk of major bleeding, particularly gastrointestinal bleeding, but a lower risk of intracranial hemorrhage and access site bleeding. Conversely, patients with cirrhosis had lower odds of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, as well as arterial access site thrombosis and dissection, leading to reduced odds of peripheral angioplasty, thrombectomy, and amputation. Cirrhotic patients also had increased length of stay and cost of hospitalization. CONCLUSION Liver cirrhosis exacerbates outcomes in cardiogenic shock, necessitating tailored management strategies. Further research is warranted to optimize patient care and understand the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bekure B Siraw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ascension Saint Joseph Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Mohamed A Ebrahim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ascension Saint Joseph Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shahin Isha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ascension Saint Joseph Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Parth Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ascension Saint Joseph Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Eli A Zaher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ascension Saint Joseph Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yordanos T Tafesse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Biruk Siraw
- School of Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
284
|
Yang Y, Fan G, Lan J, Li X, Li X, Liu R. Polysaccharide-mediated modulation of gut microbiota in the treatment of liver diseases: Promising approach with significant challenges. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:135566. [PMID: 39270901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Liver disease represents a significant global health burden, with an increasing prevalence and a lack of efficient treatment options. The microbiota-gut-liver axis involves bidirectional communication between liver function and intestinal microorganisms. A balanced gut flora protects intestinal homeostasis, while imbalances contribute to the development of liver diseases. Distinct alterations in the structure of gut flora during illness are crucial in the management of various liver diseases. Polysaccharides derived from herbal products, fungi, and other sources have been identified to possess diverse biological activities and are well-tolerated in the treatment of liver diseases. This review provides updates on the therapeutic effects of polysaccharides on liver diseases, including fatty liver diseases, acute liver injuries and liver cancers. It also summarizes advancements in understanding the mechanisms involved, particularly from the perspective of gut microbiota and metabolites, by highlighting the changes in the composition of potentially beneficial and harmful bacteria and their correlation with the therapeutic effects of polysaccharides. Additionally, by exploring the structure-activity relationship, our review provides valuable insights for the structural modification of polysaccharides and expanding their applications. In conclusion, this review offers theoretical support and novel perspectives on developing polysaccharides-based therapeutic approaches for the treatment of liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guifang Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianhang Lan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
285
|
Zhang Y, Huang C, Meng F, Hu X, Huang X, Chang J, Han X, Zhang T, Han J, Ge H. Non-invasive assessment of esophageal and fundic varices in patients with primary biliary cholangitis. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-11049-z. [PMID: 39261335 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-11049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Baveno VII consensus recommends endoscopic screening for varicose veins in cases of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ≥ 20 kPa or platelet count ≤ 150 × 109/L. Whether this approach was appropriate for patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) remains uncertain. This study expanded the observed risk factors by adding analysis of ultrasound images as a non-invasive tool to predict the risk of esophageal or fundic varices. METHODS We enrolled 111 patients with PBC whose complete ultrasound images, measurement data, and LSM data were available. The value of the periportal hypoechoic band (PHB), splenic area, and LSM in determining the risk of varicose veins and variceal rupture was analyzed. A prospective cohort of 67 patients provided external validation. RESULTS The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for predicting varicose veins using LSM > 12.1 kPa or splenic areas > 41.2 cm2 was 0.806 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.720-0.875) and 0.852 (95% CI: 0.772-0.912), respectively. This finding could assist in avoiding endoscopic screening by 76.6% and 83.8%, respectively, with diagnostic accuracy surpassing that suggested by Baveno VII guidelines. The AUCs for predicting variceal rupture using splenic areas > 56.8 cm2 was 0.717 (95% CI: 0.623-0.798). The diagnostic accuracy of PHB for variceal rupture was higher than LSM and splenic areas (75.7% vs. 50.5% vs. 68.5%). CONCLUSION We recommend LSM > 12.1 kPa as a cutoff value to predict the risk of varicosity presence in patients with PBC. Additionally, the splenic area demonstrated high accuracy and relevance for predicting varicose veins and variceal rupture, respectively. The method is simple and reproducible, allowing endoscopy to be safely avoided. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The measurement of the splenic area and identification of the periportal hypoechoic band (PHB) on ultrasound demonstrated high accuracy and relevance for predicting the risk of esophageal or fundic varices presence and variceal rupture, respectively. KEY POINTS Predicting varices in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) can reduce the morbidity and mortality of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Transient elastography (TE) and ultrasound play an important role in predicting patients with PBC with varices. TE and ultrasound can predict varicose veins and variceal rupture. Liver stiffness measurement and splenic area measurements can allow endoscopy to be safely avoided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyang Huang
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Fankun Meng
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Hu
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Han
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Tieying Zhang
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Han
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyu Ge
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
286
|
Fang S, Hedera P, Borchert J, Schultze M, Weiss KH. Epidemiology of Wilson disease in Germany - real-world insights from a claims data study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:335. [PMID: 39261850 PMCID: PMC11391731 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wilson disease (WD) is a rare disorder of copper metabolism, causing copper accumulation mainly in the liver and the brain. The prevalence of WD was previously estimated around 20 to 33.3 patients per million for the United States, Europe, and Asia, but data on the prevalence of WD in Germany are limited. OBJECTIVES To describe patient characteristics and to assess prevalence of WD in Germany using a representative claims database. METHODS WD patients were identified in the WIG2 (Wissenschaftliches Institut für Gesundheitsökonomie und Gesundheitssystemforschung; Scientific Institute for Health Economics and Health Systems Research) benchmark database of 4.5 million insured Germans by combining ICD-10-coding with WD-specific lab tests and treatments. The study period ranged from 2013 to 2016 for assessing patient characteristics, and to 2018 for prevalence, respectively. RESULTS Seventy unique patients were identified. Most patients (86%) were between 18 and 64 years of age and more often male (60%) than female. Two patients (3%) younger than 18 years were included, as well as 8 patients (11%) older than 64 years. Most common WD subtypes were hepatic (57%), psychiatric (49%), and neurologic (44%). Average prevalence was 20.3 patients per million (range: 17.8-24.4), with similar results for two-year prevalence. Generally, prevalence increased steadily over the study period. Observed mortality was low, with only one death during the study period. CONCLUSIONS This study adds valuable real-world data on the prevalence and patient characteristics of WD in Germany. Generally, our findings align with other reports and contribute to the global understanding of WD epidemiology. Still, regional and temporal trends remain to be investigated more thoroughly to further the understanding of the natural history and epidemiology of this rare disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shona Fang
- Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, 121 Seaport Avenue, Boston, 02210, MA, USA.
| | | | - Julia Borchert
- Scientific Institute for Health Economics and Health System Research (WIG2 GmbH), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Schultze
- Berlin Center for Epidemiology and Health Research, ZEG Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
287
|
Zhang M, Chang D, Guan Q, Dong R, Zhang R, Zhang W, Wang H, Wang J. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol trajectory and new-onset metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease incidence: a longitudinal study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:223. [PMID: 39261925 PMCID: PMC11389356 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) exerts a significant influence on the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), the association of dynamic changes in HDL-C levels with the risk of MAFLD remains unclear. Thus, the aim of the current study was to explore the association between the changing trajectories of HDL-C and new-onset MAFLD. The findings of this study may provide a theoretical basis for future personalized intervention and prevention targeting MAFLD. METHODS A total of 1507 participants who met the inclusion criteria were recruited from a community-based physical examination population in Nanjing, China from 2017 to 2021. Group-based trajectory models were constructed to determine the heterogeneous HDL-C trajectories. The incidence of MAFLD in each group in 2022 was followed up, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to investigate the associations between different HDL-C trajectories and the risk of new-onset MAFLD. RESULTS The incidences of MAFLD in the low-stable, moderate-stable, moderate-high-stable, and high-stable groups of HDL-C trajectory were 26.5%, 13.8%, 7.2% and 2.6%, respectively. The incidence rate of MAFLD in the order of the above trajectory groups exhibited a decreasing trend (χ2 = 72.55, Ptrend<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, the risk of MAFLD onset in HDL-C low-stable group was still 5.421 times (95%CI: 1.303-22.554, P = 0.020) higher than that in the high-stable group. Subgroup analyses of the combined (moderate high-stable and high-stable groups combined), moderate-stable and low-stable groups showed that sex, age, and overweight/obesity did not affect the association between HDL-C trajectory and MAFLD risk. CONCLUSIONS Persistently low HDL-C level is a risk factor for the onset of MAFLD. Long-term monitoring of HDL-C levels and timely intervention for those experiencing persistent declines are crucial for early prevention of MAFLD.
Collapse
Grants
- 2019, WSN-049 the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province, China
- 2019, WSN-049 the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province, China
- 2019, WSN-049 the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province, China
- 2019, WSN-049 the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province, China
- 2019, WSN-049 the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province, China
- Nursing Science, 2018, No.87 Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- Nursing Science, 2018, No.87 Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- Nursing Science, 2018, No.87 Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- Nursing Science, 2018, No.87 Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- Nursing Science, 2018, No.87 Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongchun Chang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Guan
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, 223003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Department of General Practice, Ninghai Road Community Health Service Center, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210024, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
288
|
Li Z, Huang L, Yu C. Advanced Prediction of Hepatic Oncogenic Transformation in HBV Patients via RNA-Seq Data Analysis and Deep Learning Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9827. [PMID: 39337315 PMCID: PMC11432201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer, recognized as a significant global health issue, is increasingly correlated with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, as evidenced by numerous scientific studies. This study aims to examine the correlation between HBV infection and the development of liver cancer, focusing on using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to detect HBV sequences and applying deep learning techniques to estimate the likelihood of oncogenic transformation in individuals with HBV. Our study utilized RNA-seq data and employed Pathseq software and sophisticated deep learning models, including a convolutional neural network (CNN), to analyze the prevalence of HBV sequences in the samples of patients with liver cancer. Our research successfully identified the prevalence of HBV sequences and demonstrated that the CNN model achieved an exceptional Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.998 in predicting cancerous transformations. We observed no viral synergism that enhanced the pathogenicity of HBV. A detailed analysis of sequences misclassified by the CNN model revealed that longer sequences were more conducive to accurate recognition. The findings from this study provide critical insights into the management and prognosis of patients infected with HBV, highlighting the potential of advanced analytical techniques in understanding the complex interactions between viral infections and cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Changyuan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (Z.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
289
|
Hardesty JE, Warner JB, Wilkey DW, Phinney BS, Salemi MR, Merchant ML, McClain CJ, Warner DR, Kirpich IA. Hepatic Proteomic Changes Associated with Liver Injury Caused by Alcohol Consumption in Fpr2-/- Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9807. [PMID: 39337294 PMCID: PMC11432144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a prevalent medical problem with limited effective treatment strategies. Although many biological processes contributing to ALD have been elucidated, a complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms is still lacking. The current study employed a proteomic approach to identify hepatic changes resulting from ethanol (EtOH) consumption and the genetic ablation of the formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), a G-protein coupled receptor known to regulate multiple signaling pathways and biological processes, in a mouse model of ALD. Since previous research from our team demonstrated a notable reduction in hepatic FPR2 protein levels in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), the proteomic changes in the livers of Fpr2-/- EtOH mice were compared to those observed in patients with AH in order to identify common hepatic proteomic alterations. Several pathways linked to exacerbated ALD in Fpr2-/- EtOH mice, as well as hepatic protein changes resembling those found in patients suffering from AH, were identified. These alterations included decreased levels of coagulation factors F2 and F9, as well as reduced hepatic levels of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and total glutathione in Fpr2-/- EtOH compared to WT EtOH mice. In conclusion, the data suggest that FPR2 may play a regulatory role in hepatic blood coagulation and the antioxidant system, both in a pre-clinical model of ALD and in human AH, however further experiments are required to validate these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josiah E Hardesty
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Daniel W Wilkey
- The Proteomics Core, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Brett S Phinney
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michelle R Salemi
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael L Merchant
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- The Proteomics Core, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Craig J McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Dennis R Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Irina A Kirpich
- Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
290
|
Lu JF, Xing SP, Wei X, Yang CX, Zhao GS, Ma XL, Sun XM, Guo HW, Su ZH, Fang B, Lin J, Liu YY, Zhu D. Elucidating the role of 4-hydroxy-2(3H)-benzoxazolone in chronic alcoholic liver disease via transcriptomics and metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1447560. [PMID: 39323644 PMCID: PMC11422225 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1447560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic alcoholic liver disease (CALD) is a global health problem which includes multiple pathological processes such as immune inflammation and oxidative stress. 4-hydroxy-2(3H)-benzoxazolone (HBOA), an alkaloid isolated from Acanthus ilicifolius L, has been shown to exert hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. However, its effects on CALD remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of HBOA on CALD. Methods Rats were administered alcohol by gavage continuously for 12 weeks to establish the CALD model, and then treated with HBOA by gavage for 4 weeks. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to predict the potential mechanisms of the effects of HBOA on CALD. Liver histology and function, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and the TLR4/NF-κB pathway components were evaluated. Results HBOA significantly improved alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis. It decreased the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6), and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione [GSH], and glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px]). Western blotting confirmed that HBOA treatment largely diminished NF-κBp65 nuclear translocation. Comprehensive transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses indicated that HBOA regulated the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway to achieve therapeutic effects in rats with CALD. Conclusion HBOA has a therapeutic effect on rats with CALD. Its mechanism of action mainly affects the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway to promote lipid metabolism homeostasis by regulating the expression of Etnppl, Gpcpd1, and Pla2g4c. In addition, it may also inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby reducing the immune-inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Fei Lu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Pharmacy, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shang-Ping Xing
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xia Wei
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chun-Xia Yang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Gen-Shi Zhao
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Ma
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xue-Mei Sun
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hong-Wei Guo
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Geriatric Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi-Heng Su
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bin Fang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yan-Ying Liu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Biomedicine Precision Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Antigeriatric Drugs, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
291
|
Demirchyan A, Mozalevskis A, Sahakyan S, Musheghyan L, Aslanyan L, Muradyan D, Sargsyants N, Ghukasyan G, Petrosyan V. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus and Factors Associated with It in Armenia, 2021. Viruses 2024; 16:1446. [PMID: 39339922 PMCID: PMC11437486 DOI: 10.3390/v16091446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is among the leading causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Knowledge of its prevalence and risk factors can help to effectively fight the virus. This study was the first to investigate the seroprevalence of HCV, its genotypes, and factors associated with it among the general adult population of Armenia selected countrywide via cluster sampling. Anti-HCV antibodies were detected using third-generation immunoassay. Polymerase chain reaction and genotyping was performed among anti-HCV-positive individuals. Shortly after testing, the participants underwent a telephone survey. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with anti-HCV antibody positivity and chronic HCV infection. The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies among 3831 tested individuals was 2% (99% CI 1.4, 2.5), and chronic HCV infection was 0.7% (99% CI 0.4, 1.0), with genotypes 3 and 2 being the most common. The risk factors for chronic HCV infection included self-reported chronic liver disease (95% CI 1.47, 15.28), having tattoos (95% CI 1.34, 10.94), ever smoking (95% CI 1.16, 9.18), and testing positive for hepatitis B virus core antibody (95% CI 1.02, 7.17). These risk factors demonstrate that there could be room for strengthening infection control measures to prevent the transmission of HCV in Armenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anahit Demirchyan
- Turpanjian College of Health Sciences, American University of Armenia, 40 Marshal Baghramyan Ave., Yerevan 0019, Armenia; (S.S.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (D.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Antons Mozalevskis
- Global HIV, Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections Programmes, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Serine Sahakyan
- Turpanjian College of Health Sciences, American University of Armenia, 40 Marshal Baghramyan Ave., Yerevan 0019, Armenia; (S.S.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (D.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Lusine Musheghyan
- Turpanjian College of Health Sciences, American University of Armenia, 40 Marshal Baghramyan Ave., Yerevan 0019, Armenia; (S.S.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (D.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Lusine Aslanyan
- Turpanjian College of Health Sciences, American University of Armenia, 40 Marshal Baghramyan Ave., Yerevan 0019, Armenia; (S.S.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (D.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Diana Muradyan
- Turpanjian College of Health Sciences, American University of Armenia, 40 Marshal Baghramyan Ave., Yerevan 0019, Armenia; (S.S.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (D.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Narina Sargsyants
- National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Republic of Armenia, Yerevan 0051, Armenia;
| | - Gayane Ghukasyan
- World Health Organization Country Office in Armenia, Yerevan 0015, Armenia;
| | - Varduhi Petrosyan
- Turpanjian College of Health Sciences, American University of Armenia, 40 Marshal Baghramyan Ave., Yerevan 0019, Armenia; (S.S.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (D.M.); (V.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
292
|
Li J, Chen Z, Kuai Y, Zhang F, Li H, Kong D. Endoscopic clipping combined with cyanoacrylate injection vs. transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in the treatment of isolated gastric variceal bleeding: Randomized controlled trial. Dig Endosc 2024. [PMID: 39253829 DOI: 10.1111/den.14916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the incidence of isolated gastric varices type 1 (IGV1) bleeding is low, the condition is highly dangerous and associated with high mortality, making its treatment challenging. We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of endoscopic clipping combined with cyanoacrylate injection (EC-CYA) vs. transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in treating IGV1. METHODS In a single-center, randomized controlled trial, patients with IGV1 bleeding were randomly assigned to the EC-CYA group or TIPS group. The primary end-points were gastric variceal rebleeding rates and technical success. Secondary end-points included cumulative nonbleeding rates, mortality, and complications. RESULTS A total of 156 patients between January 2019 and April 2023 were selected and randomly assigned to the EC-CYA group (n = 76) and TIPS group (n = 80). The technical success rate was 100% for both groups. The rebleeding rates were 14.5% in the EC-CYA group and 8.8% in the TIPS group, showing no significant difference (P = 0.263). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the cumulative nonbleeding rates at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months for the two groups lacked statistical significance (P = 0.344). Similarly, cumulative survival rates at 12, 24, and 36 months for the two groups were not statistically significant (P = 0.916). The bleeding rates from other causes were 13.2% and 6.3% for the respective groups, showing no significant difference (P = 0.144). No instances of ectopic embolism were observed in either group. The incidence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in the TIPS group was statistically higher than that in the EC-CYA group (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Both groups are effective in controlling IGV1 bleeding. Notably, EC-CYA did not result in ectopic embolism, and the incidence of HE was lower than that observed with TIPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, First People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaoyi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yaxian Kuai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fumin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huixian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Derun Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
293
|
Eftekhari Z, Zohrabi H, Oghalaie A, Ebrahimi T, Shariati FS, Behdani M, Kazemi-Lomedasht F. Advancements and challenges in mRNA and ribonucleoprotein-based therapies: From delivery systems to clinical applications. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102313. [PMID: 39281702 PMCID: PMC11402252 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
The use of mRNA and ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) as therapeutic agents is a promising strategy for treating diseases such as cancer and infectious diseases. This review provides recent advancements and challenges in mRNA- and RNP-based therapies, focusing on delivery systems such as lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which ensure efficient delivery to target cells. Strategies such as microfluidic devices are employed to prepare LNPs loaded with mRNA and RNPs, demonstrating effective genome editing and protein expression in vitro and in vivo. These applications extend to cancer treatment and infectious disease management, with promising results in genome editing for cancer therapy using LNPs encapsulating Cas9 mRNA and single-guide RNA. In addition, tissue-specific targeting strategies offer potential for improved therapeutic outcomes and reduced off-target effects. Despite progress, challenges such as optimizing delivery efficiency and targeting remain. Future research should enhance delivery efficiency, explore tissue-specific targeting, investigate combination therapies, and advance clinical translation. In conclusion, mRNA- and RNP-based therapies offer a promising avenue for treating various diseases and have the potential to revolutionize medicine, providing new hope for patients worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Eftekhari
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Horieh Zohrabi
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Akbar Oghalaie
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Tahereh Ebrahimi
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Shariati
- Department of Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
294
|
Li Y, Wang F, Geng Z, He T, Song Y, Wu J, Wang B. HBx promotes tumorigenicity through RRM2-mediated autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:116. [PMID: 39256879 PMCID: PMC11389268 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can exacerbate liver disease progression through multiple mechanisms, eventually leading to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV-encoded oncogene X protein (HBx), a key regulatory protein of HBV infection, serves as a positive regulator of hepatocarcinogenesis. The indispensability of the M2 subunit of ribonucleotide-diphosphate reductase (RRM2) lies in its role in facilitating DNA replication and repair processes. In our previous investigation, it was postulated that the gene RRM2 exhibits elevated expression levels in several categories of malignant tumors, particularly in HBV-related HCC. Additionally, it was observed that RRM2 is present within protein complexes that are centered on HBx. In the present investigation, the objective of this work was to investigate the potential relationship between the elevated expression of RRM2 in HBV-related HCC and the influence of HBx on this expression. The study attempted to determine the specific mechanism by which RRM2 is implicated in the promotion of hepatocarcinogenesis by HBx. There have been multiple scholarly proposals suggesting that the induction of autophagy by HBx is a significant intermediary factor in the development of HCC. However, the precise carcinogenic function of HBx-induced autophagy remains a subject of debate. RESULTS This work initially investigated the impact of suppressing cellular autophagy on the malignant biological behaviors of HBx-promoted cells using an in vitro cellular model. The findings revealed that the suppression of cellular autophagy partially disrupted the oncogenic effects of HBx. In light of this, we proceeded to conduct more investigations into the regulatory association between RRM2 and HBx-induced autophagy in the upstream-downstream context. Our data indicate that HBx proteins increase the expression of RRM2. Suppression of RRM2 expression not only hinders HBx-induced autophagy, but also worsens the cellular G1/S blockage and reduces the HBx-induced malignant growth of hepatocellular carcinoma tumors, while stimulating apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, we hypothesised that RRM2 is a potential downstream target of HBx-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, and mining the oncogenic mechanism of RRM2 is significant in exploring the preventive treatment of HBV-related HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Furan Wang
- Pfizer Research China, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Zikai Geng
- Pharmacy School, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264003, China
| | - Tianye He
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yun Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
295
|
Stulpinas R, Jakiunaite I, Sidabraite A, Rasmusson A, Zilenaite-Petrulaitiene D, Strupas K, Laurinavicius A, Gulla A. Low CD8+ Density Variation and R1 Surgical Margin as Independent Predictors of Early Post-Resection Recurrence in HCC Patients Meeting Milan Criteria. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:5344-5353. [PMID: 39330022 PMCID: PMC11431076 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31090394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study included 41 patients fulfilling the Milan criteria preoperatively and aimed to identify individuals at high risk of post-resection HCC relapse, which occurred in 18 out of 41 patients (43.9%), retrospectively. We analyzed whole slide images of CD8 immunohistochemistry with automated segmentation of tissue classes and detection of CD8+ lymphocytes. The image analysis outputs were subsampled using a hexagonal grid-based method to assess spatial distribution of CD8+ lymphocytes with regards to the epithelial edges. The CD8+ lymphocyte density indicators, along with clinical, radiological, post-surgical and pathological variables, were tested to predict HCC relapse. Low standard deviation of CD8+ density along the tumor edge and R1 resection emerged as independent predictors of shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS). In particular, patients presenting with both adverse predictors exhibited 100% risk of relapse within 200 days. Our results highlight the potential utility of integrating CD8+ density variability and surgical margin to identify a high relapse-risk group among Milan criteria-fulfilling HCC patients. Validation in cohorts with core biopsy could provide CD8+ distribution data preoperatively and guide preoperative decisions, potentially prioritizing liver transplantation for patients at risk of incomplete resection (R1) and thereby improving overall treatment outcomes significantly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rokas Stulpinas
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
- National Center of Pathology, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Jakiunaite
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agne Sidabraite
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Allan Rasmusson
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
- National Center of Pathology, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dovile Zilenaite-Petrulaitiene
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
- National Center of Pathology, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Institute of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kestutis Strupas
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Visceral Medicine and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arvydas Laurinavicius
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
- National Center of Pathology, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aiste Gulla
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Visceral Medicine and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| |
Collapse
|
296
|
Das M, Dam S. Evaluation of probiotic efficacy of indigenous yeast strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y-89 isolated from a traditional fermented beverage of West Bengal, India having protective effect against DSS-induced colitis in experimental mice. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:398. [PMID: 39254791 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Increasing awareness regarding health promotion and disease prevention has driven inclusion of fermented foods and beverages in the daily diet. These are the enormous sources of beneficial microbes, probiotics. This study aims to isolate yeast strains having probiotic potential and effectivity against colitis. Initially, ninety-two yeast strains were isolated from Haria, an ethnic fermented beverage of West Bengal, India. Primary screening was done by their acid (pH 4) and bile salt (0.3%) tolerance ability. Four potent isolates were selected and found effective against Entamoeba histolytica, as this human pathogen is responsible to cause colitis. They were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. They showed luxurious growth even at 37 oC, tolerance up to 5% of NaCl, resistance to gastric juice and high bile salt (2.0%) and oro-gastrointestinal transit tolerance. They exhibited good auto-aggregation and co-aggregation ability and strong hydrophobicity. Finally, heat map and principal component analysis revealed that strain Y-89 was the best candidate. It was further characterised and found to have significant protective effects against DSS-induced colitis in experimental mice model. It includes improvement in colon length, body weight and organ indices; reduction in disease activity index; reduction in cholesterol, LDL, SGPT, SGOT, urea and creatinine levels; improvement in HDL, ALP, total protein and albumin levels; decrease in coliform count and restoration of tissue damage. This study demonstrates that the S. cerevisiae strain Y-89 possesses remarkable probiotic traits and can be used as a potential bio-therapeutic candidate for the prevention of colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moubonny Das
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Somasri Dam
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India.
| |
Collapse
|
297
|
Li L, Wu S, Cao Y, He Y, Wu X, Xi H, Wu L. Visual Analysis of Hot Topics and Trends in Nutrition for Decompensated Cirrhosis Between 1994 and 2024. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39254761 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2401608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An updated summary of the research profile of nutrition for the last 30 years for decompensated cirrhosis is lacking. This study aimed to explore the literature on nutrition for decompensated cirrhosis, draw a visual network map to investigate the research trends, and provide suggestions for future research. The Web of Science database retrieves the literature on nutrition for decompensated cirrhosis between 1994 and 2024. METHODS We used the cooperative, co-occurrence, and co-citation networks in the CiteSpace knowledge graph analysis tool to explore and visualize the relevant countries, institutions, authors, co-cited journals, keywords, and co-cited references. RESULTS We identified 741 articles on nutrition for decompensated cirrhosis. The number of publications and research interests has generally increased. The USA contributed the largest number of publications and had the highest centrality. The University of London ranked first in the number of articles issued, followed by the University of Alberta and Mayo Clinic. TANDON P, a "core strength" researcher, is a central hub in the collaborative network. Of the cited journals, HEPATOLOGY had the highest output (540, 15.3%). CONCLUSIONS Over the past three decades, the focus of research on nutrition in decompensated cirrhosis has shifted from "hepatic encephalopathy, intestinal failure, metabolic syndrome, and alcoholic hepatitis" to "sarcopenia and nutritional assessment." In the future, nutritional interventions for sarcopenia should be based on a multimodal approach to address various causative factors. Its targeted treatment is an emerging area that warrants further in-depth research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuping Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumei He
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Heng Xi
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liping Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
298
|
Awali M, El Homsi M, Fraum TJ, Shetty AS, Ponisio MR, Gharzeddine K, Mhlanga J, Mallak N, Behr S, Itani M. PET/MRI: pictorial review of hepatobiliary and pancreatic applications. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024:10.1007/s00261-024-04548-6. [PMID: 39254711 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
PET and MRI both play valuable roles in the management of hepatobiliary and pancreatic (HBP) malignancies. Simultaneous PET/MRI combines the excellent soft-tissue resolution and anatomic details from MRI with functional information from PET in a single comprehensive examination. MRI is the main imaging modality in evaluating HCC, playing important roles in screening, characterization, local extent, and evaluating tumor response, whereas 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET can help evaluate for lymph node involvement and metastatic disease. In cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic malignancies, both PET and MRI have excellent utility in initial staging as well as assessing treatment response. In all HBP malignancies, FDG-PET/MRI is a unique problem-solving tool in complex cases and diagnostic challenges, especially after locoregional therapy and when differentiating residual or recurrent viable disease from inflammatory and other benign processes. In this manuscript, we review the role of PET/MRI in the diagnosis, staging, assessing treatment response, and characterizing post-treatment processes. With the introduction of multiple new tracers, the value of PET/MRI has not yet been fully realized, and more studies are needed to demonstrate the utility and efficacy of PET/MRI in improving patient care in hepatobiliary and pancreatic oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Awali
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd, Box 8131, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Maria El Homsi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Tyler J Fraum
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd, Box 8131, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anup S Shetty
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd, Box 8131, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Maria R Ponisio
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd, Box 8131, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Karem Gharzeddine
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Joyce Mhlanga
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd, Box 8131, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nadine Mallak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Spencer Behr
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, Room M 372, Box 0628, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Malak Itani
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd, Box 8131, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
299
|
Awiah EA, Aabalekuu S, Dun-Dery F, Dun-Dery E, Bayor F, Adokiya MN, Bessing B. Correlates of Hepatitis B infection in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Wa Municipality, Ghana. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002447. [PMID: 39255265 PMCID: PMC11386425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite the availability of an effective vaccine against viral hepatitis B infection, it remains prevalent, highly transmissible especially through mother-to-child, life-threatening, and a major public health challenge. A positive Hepatitis B e-Antigen (HBeAg) mother has a 90% risk of transmitting the virus to the unborn child in the perinatal period. This study sought to determine the prevalence and risk of Hepatitis B infection among pregnant women in the Wa Municipality of Ghana. A cross-sectional study employing systematic random sampling was conducted among 183 consented pregnant women who went for antenatal care in nine health facilities in the Wa Municipality. A structured validated questionnaire was used to collect information about socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics, awareness of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) transmission and its prevention. Blood samples (3.0 mls) were collected from each participant to test for HBV serum markers using a Wondfo One Step HBV rapid immunochromatographic assay (Catalog number W003) for the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). We conducted descriptive statistics including the prevalence and used multivariable logistic regression to determine the risk of Hepatitis B among study participants. Data was analysed using Stata/SE 15. About 20.2% of the 183 pregnant women screened tested positive for HBsAg. Generally, compared with younger pregnant women, older (> = 25) pregnant women were >9 times less likely to test positive for both chronic Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) and (HBeAg) Hepatitis B infections. However, pregnant women in polygamous relationship were more likely to test positive for both (HBcAb) and (HBsAg and HBeAg) Hepatitis B infections compared with those in monogamous relationship. In a multivariable analysis, pregnant women in a polygamous relationships were about 5 times more likely to test positive for HBsAg (AOR = 4.61, 95% CI: 2.06-9.89) and HBcAb (AOR = 4.89, 95% CI:1.52-6.81) and HBeAg (AOR = 4.62, 95% CI:1.21-6.39) compared with those in a monogamous relationship. This study highlights a high HBsAg prevalence among pregnant women with those in polygamous relationship and younger age more likely to test positive. Facility and community-based health services should emphasize the need for regular screening, education, and vaccination of pregnant women, especially those at high risk, to prevent mother-to-child transmission of viral hepatitis B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Aabalekuu
- Department of Public Health, Regional Health Directorate, Upper West Region, Wa, Ghana
| | - Frederick Dun-Dery
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elvis Dun-Dery
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Fidelis Bayor
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Lawra Municipal Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Wa, Ghana
| | - Martin Nyaaba Adokiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | | |
Collapse
|
300
|
Nasr Azadani H, Nassiri Toosi M, Shahmahmoodi S, Nejati A, Rahimi H, Farahmand M, Keshavarz A, Ghorbani Motlagh F, Samimi-Rad K. New insights into potential biomarkers and their roles in biological processes associated with hepatitis C-related liver cirrhosis by hepatic RNA-seq-based transcriptome profiling. Virus Res 2024; 349:199457. [PMID: 39216827 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is a major cause of mortality due to liver cirrhosis globally. Despite the advances in recent therapeutic strategies, there is yet a high burden of HCV-related cirrhosis worldwide concerning low coverage of newly developed antiviral therapies, insufficient validity of the current diagnostic methods for cirrhosis, and incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis in this stage of liver disease. Hence we aimed to clarify the molecular events in HCV-related cirrhosis and identify a liver-specific gene signature to potentially improve diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Through RNA-seq transcriptome profiling of liver samples of Iranian patients with HCV-related cirrhosis, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and subjected to functional annotation including biological process (BP) and molecular function (MF) analysis and also KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Furthermore, the validation of RNA-seq data was investigated for seven candidate genes using qRT-PCR. Moreover, the diagnostic and prognostic power of validated DEGs were analyzed in both forms of individual DEG and combined biomarkers through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Finally, we explored the pair-wise correlation of these six validated DEGs in a new approach. We identified 838 significant DEGs (padj ˂0.05) enriching 375 and 15 significant terms subjected to BP and MF, respectively (false discovery rate ˂ 0.01) and 46 significant pathways (p-value ˂ 0.05). Most of these biological processes and pathways were related to inflammation, immune responses, and cellular processes participating somewhat in the pathogenesis of liver disease. Interestingly, some neurological-associated genes and pathways were involved in HCV cirrhosis-related neuropsychiatric disorders. Out of seven candidate genes, six DEGs, including inflammation-related genes ISLR, LTB, ZAP70, KLRB1, and neuronal-related genes MOXD1 and Slitrk3 were significantly confirmed by qRT-PCR. There was a close agreement in the expression change results between RNA-seq and qRT-PCR for our candidate genes except for SAA2-SAA4 (P= 0.8). High validity and reproducibility of six novel DEGs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers were observed. We also found several pair-wise correlations between validated DEGs. Our findings indicate that the six genes LTB, ZAP70, KLRB1, ISLR, MOXD1, and Slitrk3 could stand as promising biomarkers for diagnosing of HCV-related cirrhosis. However, further studies are recommended to validate the diagnostic potential of these biomarkers and evaluate their capability as targets for the prevention and treatment of cirrhosis disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Nasr Azadani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohssen Nassiri Toosi
- Liver Transplantation Research Center, Imam-Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Shahmahmoodi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nejati
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Rahimi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farahmand
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Keshavarz
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghorbani Motlagh
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoun Samimi-Rad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|