2951
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Hu SH, Wang JC, Kung HF, Wang JT, Lee WL, Yang YH. Antimicrobial Effect of Extracts of Cruciferous Vegetables. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2004; 20:591-9. [PMID: 15696789 DOI: 10.1016/s1607-551x(09)70264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cruciferous vegetables cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, Chinese radish, Chinese kale, and Chinese kitam were used in this study to prepare water-soluble and methanol-water extracts. Crude protein extracts were also obtained by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) anion exchange chromatography. Water-soluble polysaccharides were prepared by ethanol precipitation followed by ultrafiltration. The antimicrobial effects of all these extracts were evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and yeast. Crude protein extracts exhibited the greatest antimicrobial activity in monoculture experiments. The antimicrobial effects of cruciferous vegetables were also studied by steeping beef, carrot, and celery in chlorine (10 ppm) or citric acid solution (1%) containing the crude protein extract (500 ppm) for different time periods. Total aerobic plate counts and coliform counts on these foods decreased significantly after 10 minutes in all steeping solutions (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hui Hu
- Department of Technology for Medical Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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2952
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Savoia D, Avanzini C, Allice T, Callone E, Guella G, Dini F. Antimicrobial activity of euplotin C, the sesquiterpene taxonomic marker from the marine ciliate Euplotes crassus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:3828-33. [PMID: 15388442 PMCID: PMC521918 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.10.3828-3833.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Strains of the marine ciliate protist Euplotes crassus produce exclusive terpenoids called euplotins that play an ecological role. Among these derivatives, euplotin C is the main of four secondary metabolites isolated from cultures of this protozoon and represents the sesquiterpene taxonomic marker from E. crassus. Because different terpenoid metabolites of plant origin showed a certain antimicrobial activity, we assessed the compound euplotin C, purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography and solubilized in two solubility enhancers, against the protozoa Leishmania major and Leishmani infantum, the fungus Candida albicans, and nine strains of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. An activity of euplotin C against Leishmania promastigotes was demonstrated (50% lethal doses were 4.6 or 8.1 microg/ml depending on the agent used to solubilize the compound), while the effect was less evident on Candida and nearly absent on bacteria. A nonsignificant cytotoxicity (50% lethal dose, >200 microg/ml) against the J774 cell line was observed. A leishmanicidal activity was also shown by the living, euplotin-producing cells of E. crassus cultured together with promastigotes; this activity increased with time from 10 min to 6 h of incubation. This study provides an initial rationale for the evaluation of euplotin C and other similar natural products as alternative or possibly synergistic compounds for current antiprotozoon chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianella Savoia
- University of Turin, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (TO) 10043, Italy.
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2953
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Dhar P, Ayala U, Andarge E, Morisseau S, Snyder-Leiby T. Study of the Structural Changes on the Antimicrobial Activity of [3.1.1.]-Bicyclics. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2004.9698809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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2954
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Manzanilla EG, Perez JF, Martin M, Kamel C, Baucells F, Gasa J. Effect of plant extracts and formic acid on the intestinal equilibrium of early-weaned pigs1. J Anim Sci 2004; 82:3210-8. [PMID: 15542467 DOI: 10.2527/2004.82113210x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of a plant extracts mixture (XT) standardized in 5% (wt/wt) carvacrol, 3% cinnamaldehyde, and 2% capsicum oleoresin (oregano, cinnamon and Mexican pepper), alone or in combination with formic acid (FA), on the productive performance and the intestinal ecosystem of the early-weaned pig. Pigs weaned at 20 +/- 1 d of age (n = 216) were allocated in 24 pens and fed a standard medicated prestarter diet for 12 d. Twelve days after weaning, a stress management system based on social and dietary stress factors was applied to the animals, after which, each group was allocated to one of six dietary treatments, which followed a factorial arrangement, with three levels (as-fed basis) of the XT (0, 150, and 300 mg/kg) and two levels of FA (0 and 0.5%). On d 24 and 25 after the stress episode, eight pigs per treatment were killed to examine variables describing some aspects of the gastrointestinal ecology. Two days after the stress episode, an Escherichia coli K88 diarrhea episode occurred, and five casualties were registered. Four of the five deaths occurred in pens of pigs not fed the XT. The FA resulted in better G:F (P = 0.040) in coincidence with shorter villous height (P = 0.073) and lower rectal total microbial mass (P = 0.078). Both XT and FA addition increased stomach content (P = 0.006 and 0.003, respectively) and percentage of DM (P = 0.089 and 0.010, respectively), suggesting an increased gastric retention time; consequently, pH was also increased (P = 0.005 and 0.060, respectively). The XT decreased ileum total microbial mass (P = 0.025) and increased the lactobacilli:enterobacteria ratio (P = 0.002). The VFA profile in the cecum and colon was modified by XT inclusion, increasing the proportion of acetate (P = 0.018 and 0.025, respectively) and diminishing the proportion of butyrate (P = 0.096 and 0.040, respectively) and valerate (P = 0.001 and 0.039, respectively). Both XT and FA were shown to be effective in modifying the gastrointestinal ecosystem, stomach contents, and stomach emptying rate, which are proposed as important aspects in the mechanisms of action for these additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Manzanilla
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, CReSA (Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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2955
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Soltani A, . BT, . EZ, . RS. Response of Chickpea to Photoperiod as a Qualitative Long-day Plant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2004.705.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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2956
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Shah A, Cross RF, Palombo EA. Identi?cation of the antibacterial component of an ethanolic extract of the Australian medicinal plant,Eremophila duttonii. Phytother Res 2004; 18:615-8. [PMID: 15476308 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Activity-guided fractionation was used to determine the antibacterial component of an ethanolic extract of the leaves of an Australian native medicinal plant, Eremophila duttonii F. Muell. (Myoporaceae). The extract, previously shown to have activity against Gram positive bacteria, was shown to have activity against additional Gram positive bacteria, including Clostridium perfringens, C. sporogenes and Listeria monocytogenes. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to separate the extract into seven coloured fractions in visible light, one of which was shown by bioautography to contain antibacterial activity. Recovery of the component from the TLC plate and testing for antibacterial activity using a plate-hole diffusion assay supported this result. The purity of the component was verified by high-performance liquid chromatography and a time-kill experiment indicated that the purified component showed identical bactericidal activity to the whole extract. TLC spray reagents indicated that the component was a sterol, terpene or sugar but not a flavonoid, while the pigmented nature suggested a carotenoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Shah
- Environment and Biotechnology Centre, School of Engineering and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
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2957
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Bonjar S. Evaluation of antibacterial properties of some medicinal plants used in Iran. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 94:301-305. [PMID: 15325735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2003] [Revised: 03/31/2004] [Accepted: 06/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Forty-five species of 29 plant families used in the traditional medicine by Iranian people, showed antibacterial activities against one or more of the bacterial species: Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. No plant showed activity against Serratia marcescens; Bordetella bronchiseptica being the most susceptible species. All extracts showed the same activity 18 months later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahidi Bonjar
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran.
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2958
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Lin YT, Labbe RG, Shetty K. Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes in fish and meat systems by use of oregano and cranberry phytochemical synergies. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:5672-8. [PMID: 15345457 PMCID: PMC520903 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.9.5672-5678.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2003] [Accepted: 04/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimized phenolics from oregano and cranberry extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes in laboratory media and in beef and fish. The antimicrobial activity increased when oregano and cranberry extracts were mixed at a ratio of 75% oregano and 25% cranberry (wt/wt) with 0.1 mg of phenolic per disk or ml, and the efficacy was further enhanced by lactic acid. The inhibition by phytochemical and lactic acid synergies was most effective when beef and fish slices were stored at 4 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Lin
- Chenoweth Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 100 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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2959
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Voravuthikunchai S, Lortheeranuwat A, Jeeju W, Sririrak T, Phongpaichit S, Supawita T. Effective medicinal plants against enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 94:49-54. [PMID: 15261962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2004] [Revised: 03/25/2004] [Accepted: 03/26/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The stimulating effect of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on the production of verocytotoxin (VT) by enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 has been claimed. The purpose of this study was to find an alternative, but bioactive medicine for the treatment of this organism. Fifty-eight preparations of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of 38 medicinal plant species commonly used in Thailand to cure gastrointestinal infections were tested for their antibacterial activity against different strains of Escherichia coli, including 6 strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Escherichia coli O26:H11, Escherichia coli O111:NM, Escherichia coli O22; 5 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from bovine; and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Inhibition of growth was primarily tested by the paper disc agar diffusion method. Among the medicinal plants tested, only 8 species (21.05%) exhibited antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Acacia catechu, Holarrhena antidysenterica, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Psidium guajava, Punica granatum, Quercus infectoria, Uncaria gambir, and Walsura robusta demonstrated antibacterial activity with inhibition zones ranging from 7 to 17 mm. The greatest inhibition zone against Escherichia coli O157:H7 (RIMD 05091083) was produced from the ethanolic extract of Quercus infectoria. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by the agar microdilution method and agar dilution method in petri dishes with millipore filter. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Quercus infectoria and aqueous extract of Punica granatum were highly effective against Escherichia coli O157:H7 with the best MIC and MBC values of 0.09, 0.78, and 0.19, 0.39 mg/ml, respectively. These plant species may provide alternative but bioactive medicines for the treatment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supayang Voravuthikunchai
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
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2960
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Funatogawa K, Hayashi S, Shimomura H, Yoshida T, Hatano T, Ito H, Hirai Y. Antibacterial activity of hydrolyzable tannins derived from medicinal plants against Helicobacter pylori. Microbiol Immunol 2004; 48:251-61. [PMID: 15107535 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2004.tb03521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a major etiological agent in gastroduodenal disorders. In this study, we isolated 36 polyphenols and 4 terpenoids from medicinal plants, and investigated their antibacterial activity against H. pylori in vitro. All hydrolyzable tannins tested demonstrated promising antibacterial activity against H. pylori. Monomeric hydrolyzable tannins revealed especially strong activity. Other compounds demonstrated minimal antibacterial activity with a few exceptions. A monomeric hydrolyzable tannin, Tellimagrandin I demonstrated time- and dose-dependent bactericidal activity against H. pylori in vitro. On the other hand, hydrolyzable tannins did not affect the viability of MKN-28 cells derived from human gastric epithelium. Hydrolyzable tannins, therefore, have potential as new and safe therapeutic regimens against H. pylori infection. Furthermore, we investigated effects of hydrolyzable tannins on lipid bilayer membranes. All the hydrolyzable tannins tested demonstrated dose-dependent membrane-damaging activity. However, it remains to be elucidated whether their membrane-damaging activity directly contributes to their antibacterial action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Funatogawa
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical School
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2961
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Martini ND, Katerere DRP, Eloff JN. Biological activity of five antibacterial flavonoids from Combretum erythrophyllum (Combretaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 93:207-12. [PMID: 15234754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2003] [Revised: 02/28/2004] [Accepted: 02/28/2004] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary studies with Combretum erythrophyllum showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Seven antibacterial flavonoids were subsequently isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation, i.e. apigenin; genkwanin; 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone, rhamnocitrin; kaempferol; quercetin-5,3'-dimethylether; rhamnazin. All compounds had good activity against Vibrio cholerae and Enterococcus faecalis, with MIC values in the range of 25-50 microg/ml. Rhamnocitrin and quercetin-5,3'-dimethylether also inhibited Micrococcus luteus and Shigella sonei at 25 microg/ml. With the exception of 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxy-flavone the flavonoids were not toxic towards human lymphocytes. This compound is potentially toxic to human cells and exhibited the poorest antioxidant activity whereas rhamnocitrin and rhamnazin exhibited strong antioxidant activity. Genkwanin; rhamnocitrin; quercetin-5,3'-dimethylether; rhamnazin had a higher anti-inflammatory activity than the positive control mefenamic acid. Although these flavonoids are known, this is the first report of biological activity with several of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Martini
- Programme for Phytomedicine, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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2962
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Alonso-Salces RM, Ndjoko K, Queiroz EF, Ioset JR, Hostettmann K, Berrueta LA, Gallo B, Vicente F. On-line characterisation of apple polyphenols by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and ultraviolet absorbance detection. J Chromatogr A 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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2963
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Baranska M, Schulz H, Rosch P, Strehle MA, Popp J. Identification of secondary metabolites in medicinal and spice plants by NIR-FT-Raman microspectroscopic mapping. Analyst 2004; 129:926-30. [PMID: 15457325 DOI: 10.1039/b408933m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the special potential of vibrational NIR FT Raman microspectroscopy for the study of fennel fruits, chamomile inflorescence and curcuma roots to obtain detailed information about their microstructure and chemical composition. Microscopic Raman maps of fennel fruits demonstrate that anethole, which is the main essential oil component, is present in the whole mericarp with highest concentration at the top of the fruit. In situ measurements obtained of the essential oil cells are dominated by two bands observed at 1657 cm(-1) and 1609 cm(-1) which are characteristic for anethole. Raman images of chamomile inflorescence show that spiroethers, identified by significant bands between 2150 and 2250 cm(-1), are accumulated in the middle part of the flower head. Due to the intense curcumin bands in the Raman spectrum of curcuma root, the distribution of this dyeing substance can be clearly determined; highest concentration of curcumin was observed on the core of the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Baranska
- Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Analysis, Neuer Weg 22-23, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
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2964
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Hernández F, Madrid J, García V, Orengo J, Megías MD. Influence of two plant extracts on broilers performance, digestibility, and digestive organ size. Poult Sci 2004; 83:169-74. [PMID: 14979566 DOI: 10.1093/ps/83.2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A 42-d trial was conducted to study the influence of 2 plant extracts on performance, digestibility, and digestive organ weights in broilers. The feeding program consisted of a starter diet until 21 d and a finisher diet until 42 d. There were 4 treatment groups: control; 10 ppm avilamycin (AB); 200 ppm essential oil extract (EOE) from oregano, cinnamon, and pepper; and 5,000 ppm Labiatae extract (LE) from sage, thyme, and rosemary. No differences in feed intake or feed conversion were observed. From 14 to 21 d of age, broilers fed the LE diet grew faster than the broilers fed the control or EOE feeds (68.8 vs. 63.9 and 61.6 g/d, respectively). Antibiotic and plant extract supplementation improved apparent whole-tract and ileal digestibility of the nutrients. For starter feed, LE supplementation improved apparent fecal digestibility of DM (P < 0.01), and all additives increased ether extract digestibility (P < 0.001). However, no effect was detected for CP digestibility (P > 0.1). At the ileal level, the AB, EOE, and LE supplementation of the starter feed increased DM and starch (P < 0.01) digestibility but not CP digestibility (P > 0.1). All additives improved apparent fecal digestibility of DM and CP of the finisher diet. No differences were observed for proventriculus, gizzard, liver, pancreas, or large or small intestine weight. In the present study, both plant extracts improved the digestibility of the feeds for broilers. The effect of different additives on digestibility improved the performance slightly, but this effect was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hernández
- Department of Animal Production, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo 30071, Murcia, Spain.
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2965
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Barbour EK, Al Sharif M, Sagherian VK, Habre AN, Talhouk RS, Talhouk SN. Screening of selected indigenous plants of Lebanon for antimicrobial activity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 93:1-7. [PMID: 15182897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2003] [Revised: 02/02/2004] [Accepted: 02/10/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to test in vitro the antimicrobial efficacy of 39 water and 39 methanol extracts derived from different parts of 27 indigenous wild plant species that have been commonly used in Lebanese folk medicine. The antimicrobial efficacy was determined using the single disk diffusion method, with 10 and 20 microl load extract volume per disc. Nine test microorganisms were used namely, Escherichia coli, Proteus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella dysenteria, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. Only one water extract out of 39 derived from whole plant of Alchemilla diademata showed an antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The percentage of test organisms that were susceptible to 10 most efficacious methanol plant extracts (20 microl/disc) were as follows: Achillea damascena whole plant (88.8%), Anthemis scariosa flower (88.8%), Cirsium sp. whole plant (88.8%), Centaurea ainetensis flowers (88.8%), Hieracium sp. whole plant (88.8%), Origanum libanoticum whole plant (99.9%), Ranunculus myosuroudes whole plant (88.8%), Nepata curviflora leaf (88.8%), Nepata curviflora stem, and Verbascum leptostychum flower (99.9%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined on plant extracts that showed high efficacy against the test organisms. The chance to find antimicrobial activities was more apparent in methanol rather than water extracts of the same indigenous plants of Lebanon, with higher antimicrobial activities in 20 microl methanol extract-discs in comparison to that present in the 10 microl discs (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie K Barbour
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
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2966
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Rodrigues Goulart H, Kimura EA, Peres VJ, Couto AS, Aquino Duarte FA, Katzin AM. Terpenes arrest parasite development and inhibit biosynthesis of isoprenoids in Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:2502-9. [PMID: 15215101 PMCID: PMC434199 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.7.2502-2509.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2003] [Revised: 12/31/2003] [Accepted: 03/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of new drugs is one of the strategies for malaria control. The biosynthesis of several isoprenoids in Plasmodium falciparum was recently described. Interestingly, some intermediates and final products biosynthesized by this pathway in mammals differ from those biosynthesized in P. falciparum. These facts prompted us to evaluate various terpenes, molecules with a similar chemical structure to the intermediates of the isoprenoids pathway, as potential antimalarial drugs. Different terpenes and S-farnesylthiosalicylic acid were tested on cultures of the intraerythrocytic stages of P. falciparum, and the 50% inhibitory concentrations for each one were found: farnesol, 64 microM; nerolidol, 760 nM; limonene, 1.22 mM; linalool, 0.28 mM; and S-farnesylthiosalicylic acid, 14 microM. All the terpenes tested inhibited dolichol biosynthesis in the trophozoite and schizont stages when [1-(n)-(3)H]farnesyl pyrophosphate triammonium salt ([(3)H]FPP) was used as precursor. Farnesol, nerolidol, and linalool showed stronger inhibitory activity on the biosynthesis of the isoprenic side chain of the benzoquinone ring of ubiquinones in the schizont stage. Treatment of schizont stages with S-farnesylthiosalicylic acid led to a decrease in intensity of the band corresponding a p21(ras) protein. The inhibitory effect of terpenes and S-farnesylthiosalicylic acid on the biosynthesis of both dolichol and the isoprenic side chain of ubiquinones and the isoprenylation of proteins in the intraerythrocytic stages of P. falciparum appears to be specific, because overall protein biosynthesis was not affected. Combinations of some terpenes or S-farnesylthiosalicylic acid tested in this work with other antimalarial drugs, like fosmidomycin, could be a new strategy for the treatment of malaria.
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2967
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Randhir R, Shetty K. Microwave-induced stimulation of l-DOPA, phenolics and antioxidant activity in fava bean (Vicia faba) for Parkinson’s diet. Process Biochem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2003.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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2968
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Rota C, Carramiñana JJ, Burillo J, Herrera A. In vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aromatic plants against selected foodborne pathogens. J Food Prot 2004; 67:1252-6. [PMID: 15222560 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-67.6.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of selected essential oils for the control of growth and survival of pathogenic microorganisms of significant importance in food hygiene and to determine whether the antimicrobial effect was due to the major compounds of the oils. MIC and MBC were determined by the tube dilution method. Essential oils from Thymus vulgaris from Spain and France, Salvia sclarea, Salvia officinalis, Salvia lavandulifolia, Lavandula latifolia, Lavandula angustifolia, three hybrids of Lavandula latifolia x Lavandula angustifolia (Lavandin 'Super', Lavandin 'Abrialis', and Lavandin 'Grosso'), Rosmarinus officinalis, Hissopus officinalis, and Satureja montana were evaluated. Inhibition ranged from the strong activity of Satureja montana and Thymus vulgaris (France) to no inhibition with Salvia sclarea and Hissopus officinalis for each of the test strains: Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella flexneri, Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b, and Staphylococcus aureus. Because some of the essential oils were highly inhibitory in small quantities to selected pathogenic microorganisms, they may provide alternatives to conventional antimicrobial additives in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rota
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Unidad Higiene, Inspección, Control y Microbiología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet, 177 Zaragoza, Spain.
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2969
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Solid-state bioconversion of fava bean by Rhizopus oligosporus for enrichment of phenolic antioxidants and l-DOPA. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2004.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2970
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Alonso-Salces RM, Barranco A, Abad B, Berrueta LA, Gallo B, Vicente F. Polyphenolic profiles of Basque cider apple cultivars and their technological properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:2938-2952. [PMID: 15137839 DOI: 10.1021/jf035416l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The polyphenolic compositions of 31 Basque cider apple cultivars were determined in pulp, peel, and juice by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection analysis of crude extracts and after thiolysis. Total polyphenols are distributed in a wide concentration range depending on the cultivar. Procyanidins are the class of polyphenols that present major concentrations in apple. Their average degrees of polymerization range from 4 to 8 depending on the cultivar. Apple cultivars were technologically classified into bitter and nonbitter categories using different classification systems obtained by applying several pattern recognition techniques, such as principal component analysis, K-nearest neighbors, soft independent modeling of class analogy, partial least-squares, and multilayer feed-forward-artificial neural networks, to apple pulp, peel, or juice data (individual polyphenol concentrations, total procyanidin content, and the average degree of polymerization of procyanidins). Bitter apple cultivars present higher contents of flavan-3-ols and/or dihydrochalcones than nonbitter cultivars. Detailed knowledge of the polyphenolic profile of each apple cultivar affords information about their susceptibility to oxidation, their sensory properties (bitterness, astringency), and their possible influence on the characteristics and quality of the final product (juice, cider) when apples are processed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Alonso-Salces
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
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2971
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Cho MJ, Buescher RW, Johnson M, Janes M. Inactivation of pathogenic bacteria by cucumber volatiles (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal and (E)-2-nonenal. J Food Prot 2004; 67:1014-6. [PMID: 15151242 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-67.5.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effects of (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal (NDE) and (E)-2-nonenal (NE) on Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella Typhimurium were investigated. A suspension of each organism of 6 to 9 log CFU/ml was incubated for 1 h at 37 degrees C in brain heart infusion solution that contained 0 to 500 or 1,000 ppm of NDE or NE. Depending on concentration, exposure to either NDE or NE caused a reduction in CFU of each organism. Treatment with 250 and 500 ppm NDE completely eliminated viable B. cereus and Salmonella Typhimurium cells, respectively. L. monocytogenes was the most resistant to NDE, showing only about a 2-log reduction from exposure to 500 ppm for 1 h. Conversely, this concentration of NDE caused a 5.8-log reduction in E. coli O157:H7 cells. NE was also effective in inactivating organisms listed above. A higher concentration of NE, 1,000 ppm, was required to kill E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, or Salmonella Typhimurium compared with NDE. In conclusion, both NDE and NE demonstrated an apparent bactericidal activity against these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Cho
- Department of Food Science and Institute of Food Science and Engineering, University of Arkansas, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704, USA
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2972
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Cross
- Avian Science Research Centre, SAC Ayr, Scotland, UK KA6 5HW
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2973
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Ferme D, Banjac M, Calsamiglia S, Busquet M, Kamel C, Avgustin G. The effects of plant extracts on microbial community structure in a rumen-simulating continuous-culture system as revealed by molecular profiling. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2004; 49:151-5. [PMID: 15227787 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An in vitro study in dual-flow continuous-culture fermentors was conducted with two different concentrations of monensin, cinnamaldehyde or garlic extract added to 1:1 forage-to-concentrate diet in order to determine their effects on selected rumen bacterial populations. Samples were subjected to total DNA extraction, restriction analysis of PCR amplified parts of 16S rRNA genes (ARDRA) and subsequent analysis of the restriction profiles by lab-on-chip technology with the Agilent's Bioanalyser 2100. Eub338-BacPre primer pair was used to select for the bacteria from the genera Bacteroides, Porphyromonas and Prevotella, especially the latter representing the dominant Gram-negative bacterial population in the rumen. Preliminary results of HaeIII restriction analysis show that the effects of monensin, cinnamaldehyde and garlic extract on the BacPre targeted ruminal bacteria are somewhat different in regard to targeted populations and to the nature of the effect. Garlic extract was found to trigger the most intensive changes in the structure of the BacPre targeted population. Comparison of the in silico restriction analysis of BacPre sequences deposited in different DNA databanks and of the results of performed amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis showed differences between the predicted and obtained HaeIII restriction profiles, and suggested the presence of novel, still unknown Prevotella populations in studied samples.
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MESH Headings
- Acrolein/analogs & derivatives
- Acrolein/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Bacteria/drug effects
- Bacteria/growth & development
- Bacteria/isolation & purification
- Bacteroides/drug effects
- Bacteroides/growth & development
- Bacteroides/isolation & purification
- DNA Fingerprinting
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- DNA, Bacterial/metabolism
- DNA, Ribosomal/analysis
- DNA, Ribosomal/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal/metabolism
- Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/metabolism
- Garlic
- Genes, Bacterial
- Genes, rRNA
- Monensin/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Porphyromonas/drug effects
- Porphyromonas/growth & development
- Porphyromonas/isolation & purification
- Prevotella/drug effects
- Prevotella/growth & development
- Prevotella/isolation & purification
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Ribotyping
- Rumen/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ferme
- Zootechnical Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1230 Domzale, Slovenia
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2974
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Antimicrobial and antioxidative activities of the essential oils and methanol extracts of Salvia cryptantha (Montbret et Aucher ex Benth.) and Salvia multicaulis (Vahl). Food Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0308-8146(03)00267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2975
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Antioxidant activity of byproducts from the hydrolytic processing of selected lignocellulosic materials. Trends Food Sci Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2003.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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2976
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Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites are a natural resource that is largely unexploited in 'conventional' animal production systems. They have in the past been generally considered as a source of antinutritional factors, and not as a source of exploitable performance-enhancing compounds. Recent and continuing changes to legislation controlling the use of animal feed additives have stimulated interest in bioactive secondary metabolites as alternative performance enhancers. They are broadly compatible with current thinking on the future of agriculture and food in Europe, and with consumer opinion. Interest has been largely on their manipulative role in the digestive and absorptive processes of the hindgut. The present paper will review the use of plants and their extracts to manipulate the rumen microbial ecosystem to improve the efficiency of rumen metabolism. The bioavailability of secondary metabolites and their actions on peripheral metabolism will be considered with a view to improving animal performance. The challenge of delivering plants and their extracts to animals outdoors in a controlled manner will be discussed. Much of what is known about the beneficial roles of plant secondary metabolites on animal performance is circumstantial and is based on tenuous data. In order to more fully exploit their bioactive properties for the benefit of animal performance, modes of action need to be understood. Uptake will be dependent on proven efficacy and consumer acceptance of assurances relating to safety, welfare and the environment.
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2977
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Nechev J, Christie WW, Robaina R, de Diego F, Popov S, Stefanov K. Chemical composition of the sponge Hymeniacidon sanguinea from the Canary Islands. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2004; 137:365-74. [PMID: 15123209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2003.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2003] [Revised: 10/19/2003] [Accepted: 10/20/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of the lipids from the sponge Hymeniacidon sanguinea was investigated and 73 acids were identified. Three of them were new and their structures, elucidated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, were identified as 13-methyl-icosanoic, 15-methyl-docosanoic and 3,13-dimethyl-tetradecanoic. Only 12 sterols were present, with cholestanol predominating in the volatile fraction; 22 compounds were identified, mainly hydrocarbons and fatty acids. In the n-butanol fraction, we found mainly nitrogen-containing compounds. The compositions of sterols and lipids in the sponge collected from two locations with different ecological conditions (Canary Islands and Black Sea) were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Nechev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
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2978
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Haristoy X, Angioi-Duprez K, Duprez A, Lozniewski A. Efficacy of sulforaphane in eradicating Helicobacter pylori in human gastric xenografts implanted in nude mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 47:3982-4. [PMID: 14638516 PMCID: PMC296232 DOI: 10.1128/aac.47.12.3982-3984.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate abundant in the form of its glucosinolate precursor in broccoli sprouts, has shown in vitro activity against Helicobacter pylori. We evaluated the effect of sulforaphane in vivo against this bacterium by using human gastric xenografts in nude mice. H. pylori was completely eradicated in 8 of the 11 sulforaphane-treated grafts. This result suggests that sulforaphane might be beneficial in the treatment of H. pylori-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Haristoy
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, UMR CNRS 75-65, Faculté de Médecine, Université Henri-Poincaré, Vandaeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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2979
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Kitagawa RR, Raddi MSG, Santos LCD, Vilegas W. A New Cytotoxic Naphthoquinone from Paepalanthus latipes. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2004; 52:1487-8. [PMID: 15577252 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.52.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Quinones constitute an important class of naturally occurring compounds. They are found in plants, fungi and bacteria. Large number of quinones has been associated with antitumor, antibacterial, antimalarial and antifungal activities. In this work we describe the isolation, structure determination and the cytotoxic index of a new 1,4-naphthoquinone isolated from the capitula of Paepalanthus latipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Rezende Kitagawa
- Instituto de Química de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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2980
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Pina-Vaz C, Gonçalves Rodrigues A, Pinto E, Costa-de-Oliveira S, Tavares C, Salgueiro L, Cavaleiro C, Gonçalves MJ, Martinez-de-Oliveira J. Antifungal activity of Thymus oils and their major compounds. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2004; 18:73-8. [PMID: 14678536 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2004.00886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The increasing recognition and importance of fungal infections, the difficulties encountered in their treatment and the increase in resistance to antifungals have stimulated the search for therapeutic alternatives. Essential oils have been used empirically. The essential oils of Thymus (Thymus vulgaris, T. zygis subspecies zygis and T. mastichina subspecies mastichina) have often been used in folk medicine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate objectively the antifungal activity of Thymus oils according to classical bacteriological methodologies - determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal lethal concentration (MLC) - as well as flow cytometric evaluation. The effect of essential oils upon germ tube formation, an important virulence factor, was also studied. The mechanism of action was studied by flow cytometry, after staining with propidium iodide. The chemical composition of the essential oils was investigated by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The antifungal activity of the major components (carvacrol, thymol, p-cymene and 1,8-cineole) and also possible interactions between them were also investigated. The essential oils of T. vulgaris and T. zygis showed similar antifungal activity, which was greater than T. mastichina. MIC and MLC values were similar for all the compounds tested. At MIC values of the essential oils, propidium iodide rapidly penetrated the majority of the yeast cells, indicating that the fungicidal effect resulted primarily from an extensive lesion of the cell membrane. Concentrations below the MIC values significantly inhibited germ tube formation. This study describes the potent antifungal activity of the essential oils of Thymus on Candida spp., warranting future therapeutical trials on mucocutaneous candidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pina-Vaz
- Department of Microbiology, Porto School of Medicine, Alameda Prof Hernani Monteiro, 4200 Porto, IPATIMUP, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200 Porto, Portugal.
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2981
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Shahverdi AR, Rafii F, Tavassoli F, Bagheri M, Attar F, Ghahraman A. Piperitone fromMentha longifolia var.chorodictya Rech F. reduces the nitrofurantoin resistance of strains of enterobacteriaceae. Phytother Res 2004; 18:911-4. [PMID: 15597306 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The diluted essential oil of Mentha longifolia (L.) var. chlorodictya Rech F. foliage enhanced the bactericidal activity of nitrofurantoin decreasing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nitrofurantoin for nitrofurantoin-resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis of the essential oil detected a fraction (R(f) = 0.35, UV lambda(max) of 232.5), which was the most effective in enhancement of nitrofurantoin activity. Using gas liquid chromatography and known standards, the active fraction was identified as piperitone. 1 microl of the piperitone fraction decreased the MIC of nitrofurantoin 3-20 fold for the different strains of Enterobacteriaceae tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Shahverdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2982
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Randhir R, Lin YT, Shetty K. Stimulation of phenolics, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in dark germinated mung bean sprouts in response to peptide and phytochemical elicitors. Process Biochem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(03)00197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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2983
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In vitro antibacterial effects of the crude extracts of Sophora alopecuroides against oral microorganisms. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0917-2394(04)70005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2984
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Voda K, Boh B, Vrtacnik M. A quantitative structure-antifungal activity relationship study of oxygenated aromatic essential oil compounds using data structuring and PLS regression analysis. J Mol Model 2003; 10:76-84. [PMID: 14689256 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-003-0174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2003] [Accepted: 11/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Twenty two oxygenated aromatic essential oil compounds were chosen for the study of the antifungal activity against two wood-decaying fungi, the white-rot Trametes versicolor, which mainly metabolizes lignin, and the brown-rot Coniophoha puteana, which digests cellulose in plant cell walls. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the agar dilution method, using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the solvent for the selected compounds and potato-dextrose agar (PDA) as the growth medium for both fungi. The MICs were then used to generate a tree structure, which represents the structuring of the essential oil compounds by the nature and position of the substituents in their aromatic rings, and as dependent variables (log(1/MIC)) in the QSAR analysis. Data structuring proved that a relationship between the molecular structures of the essential oil compounds and their antifungal activity exists, and the hypotheses derived therefrom were complemented by performing a QSAR analysis using the partial least squares (PLS) method. Statistically significant PLS models were obtained with the 1-octanol-water partition coefficient (C log P), the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (E(HOMO)), and the number of hydrogen-bond donor atoms in the molecules of the compounds studied (Donor) for T. versicolor and with C log P and the fractional negative surface area (FNSA1) for C. puteana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmen Voda
- Department of Chemical Education and Informatics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Vegova 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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2985
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Sridhar SR, Rajagopal RV, Rajavel R, Masilamani S, Narasimhan S. Antifungal activity of some essential oils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:7596-7599. [PMID: 14664513 DOI: 10.1021/jf0344082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen essential oils recovered by steam distillation from Indian herbs were analyzed for their chemical compositions using GC and GCMS. The antifungal activity against plant and Food mold rot were examined in vitro using poison food technique. The essential oil from cymbopogan exhibited control over all the plant and food mold rot tested. The bioactive compound in the oil and its minimum inhibitory concentration were determined using TLC bioautography.
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2986
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Bonjar GS. Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Iranian Medicinal-Plants against Micrococcus luteus, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bordetella bronchoseptica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2004.82.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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2987
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Abstract
The alarming increase in drug-resistant bacteria makes a search for novel means of fighting bacterial infections imperative. An attractive approach is the use of agents that interfere with the ability of the bacteria to adhere to tissues of the host, since such adhesion is one of the initial stages of the infectious process. The validity of this approach has been unequivocally demonstrated in experiments performed in a wide variety of animals, from mice to monkeys, and recently also in humans. Here we review various approaches to anti-adhesion therapy, including the use of receptor and adhesin analogs, dietary constituents, sublethal concentrations of antibiotics and adhesin-based vaccines. Because anti-adhesive agents are not bactericidal, the propagation and spread of resistant strains is much less likely to occur than as a result of exposure to bactericidal agents, such as antibiotics. Anti-adhesive drugs, once developed, may, therefore, serve as a new means to fight infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzhak Ofek
- Department of Human Microbiology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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2988
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the antibacterial activities of various fruit and vegetable extracts on common potential pathogens including antibiotic-resistant strains. METHODS Standardized bacterial inocula were added to serial dilutions of sterile vegetable and fruit extracts in broth, with final bacterial concentrations of 10(4-5) cells/mL. After overnight incubation at 35 degrees C, antibacterial activity was measured by minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal dilutions (for raw juices) or concentrations (for tea). RESULTS Among the vegetable and fruit extracts tested, all green vegetables showed no antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. All purple and red vegetable and fruit juices had antibacterial activities in dilutions ranging from 1:2 to 1:16. Garlic juice had significant activity, with bactericidal action in dilutions ranging up to 1:128 of the original juice. Tea also had significant activity, with bactericidal action in concentrations ranging up to 1.6 mg/mL, against a spectrum of pathogens including resistant strains such as methicillin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CONCLUSIONS Tea and garlic have the potential for exploration of broader applications as antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Lean Lee
- University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California, USA
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2989
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El Arch M, Satrani B, Farah A, Bennani L, Boriky D, Fechtal M, Blaghen M, Talbi M. Composition chimique et activités antimicrobienne et insecticide de l'huile essentielle deMentha rotundifoliadu Maroc. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2003.10515996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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2990
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Ge J, Shi X, Cai M, Wu R, Wang M. A novel biodegradable antimicrobial PU foam from wattle tannin. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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2991
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Caldwell CR. Alkylperoxyl radical scavenging activity of red leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) phenolics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:4589-95. [PMID: 14705882 DOI: 10.1021/jf030005q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although lettuce may provide relatively low levels of antioxidative phytochemicals which may contribute to human health, lettuce leaf extracts in fact contained compounds with high specific peroxyl radical scavenging activities. After determining the extraction conditions that minimized phenolic oxidation and produced the highest oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values, the phenolic compounds from red leaf lettuce were separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The primary phenolic compounds in the leaf tissue extracts were mono- and dicaffeoyltartaric acid (CTA and DCTA), mono- and dicaffeoylquinic acid (CQA and DCQA), quercetin 3-malonylglucoside (QMG), quercetin 3-glucoside (QG), cyanidin 3-malonylglucoside (CMG), and an unknown phenolic ester (UPE). Significant levels of DCQA were only found after wounding. Using the new fluorescein-based ORAC assay procedures, fractions from the HPLC analyses were assayed for peroxyl radical absorbance capacity. Using absorbance to estimate concentration, the decreasing order of contribution to the total ORAC value of an extract from wounded tissue was QMG > DCQA > CMG > DCTA > UPE > QG > CTA. The decreasing order of the specific peroxyl radical scavenging activities was CMG > QG > DCTA > DCQA > QMG > UPE > CQA > CTA. Since the concentrations of plant flavonoid and phenolic acid esters are sensitive to environmental factors, this information may be used to develop pre- and postharvest conditions which increase the dietary benefits of leaf lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Caldwell
- Phytonutrients Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.
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2992
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Musumeci R, Speciale A, Costanzo R, Annino A, Ragusa S, Rapisarda A, Pappalardo MS, Iauk L. Berberis aetnensis C. Presl. extracts: antimicrobial properties and interaction with ciprofloxacin. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2003; 22:48-53. [PMID: 12842327 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(03)00085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous research showed that berberine-containing Berberis species synthesise the substances 5'-methoxyhydnocarpin-D (5'-MHC-D) and pheophorbide a, which have no antimicrobial activity but inhibit the expression of multidrug resistant efflux pumps (MDRs) in Staphylococcus aureus and potentiate the action of berberine. The MDR pumps extrude synthetic and natural antimicrobials from bacterial cells. We searched for these compounds in Berberis aetnensis C. Presl. (Berberidaceae), an endemic plant of the volcano Mount Etna. This work confirms the presence of pheophorbide a and permits us to hypothesise the presence of 5'-MHC-D in leaf extracts. In fact, the activity of ciprofloxacin was improved when two chromatographic fractions isolated from leaf extracts were added. These results are indicative of the presence of MDR pump inhibitors. Moreover, crude extracts were tested on several micro-organisms and showed antimicrobial activity mainly against Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Musumeci
- Department of Microbiological and Gynaecological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania,Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy.
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2993
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Pinheiro L, Nakamura CV, Dias Filho BP, Ferreira AG, Young MCM, Cortez DAG. Antibacterial xanthones from Kielmeyera variabilis mart. (Clusiaceae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2003; 98:549-52. [PMID: 12937772 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762003000400023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioassay-guided fractionation of stems from Kielmeyera variabilis, traditionally used in Brazilian folk medicine, yielded assiguxanthone-B (1), kielcorin (4), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3), and a mixture of xanthones containing assiguxanthone-B (1) and 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-2-prenylxanthone (2) (1:1 w/w). The xanthone mixture inhibited Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis at a concentration of 6.25 g/ml. When tested alone, the minimal inhibitory concentration of assiguxanthone-B was 25 g/ml against B. subtilis. Kielcorin and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid were inactive against both strains. None of the fractions was active against Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Viable cells of S. aureus were reduced by a 1-3 log CFU/ml within 12 h after exposure of one to eight times the MIC of the xanthone mixture. It is not known whether the tetrahydroxy-2-prenylxanthone or other components of the xanthone mixture are responsible for the main antibacterial activity or whether additive or synergistic action is involved
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucimar Pinheiro
- Departamento de Farmácia e Farmacologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
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2994
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Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of total herbal extracts has been investigated. The MIC of extracts of Evodia rutaecarpa and grape kernel ranged between 0.25 and 1 mg/ml against gram-positive cocci and P. aeruginosa. Cocci were killed after 30-90 min of incubation in grape kernel extract (0.5-1.5 mg/ml), and after 8 h in evodia extract (0.5-1 mg/ml), respectively. C. albicans was only susceptible to evodia (MIC 0.5 mg/ml). The organic solvents of the preparations contributed to the antibacterial effect of herbal extracts with MICs of ethanol between 4 and 10 vol% and those of methanol between 6 and 10 vol%. Taking this into consideration, mastic and thyme extracts exerted hardly any microbicidal activity, while grape kernel extract and evodia were still effective at 2- to 6-fold dilutions below the MIC of the solvent. Because of the weak antimicrobial activity of total herbal extracts we recommend to give preference to preparations of single or more purified compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Thuille
- Institute of Hygiene and Social Medicine, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Fritz-Pregl-Str. 3, A-6010, Innsbruck, Austria.
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2995
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Machado TB, Pinto AV, Pinto MCFR, Leal ICR, Silva MG, Amaral ACF, Kuster RM, Netto-dosSantos KR. In vitro activity of Brazilian medicinal plants, naturally occurring naphthoquinones and their analogues, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2003; 21:279-84. [PMID: 12636992 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(02)00349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen extracts from Brazilian traditional medicinal plants used to treat infectious diseases were used to look for potential antimicrobial activity against multiresistant bacteria of medical importance. Staphylococcus aureus strains were susceptible to extracts of Punica granatum and Tabebuia avellanedae. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the total extracts and of additional fractions of these plants were determined by employing strains of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and -sensitive (MSSA) S. aureus, including isolates of the PFGE clone A, which is prevalent in Brazil and two ATCC reference strains. A mixture of ellagitannins isolated from P. granatum and two naphthoquinones isolated from T. avellanedae demonstrated antibacterial activity against all S. aureus strains tested. Semi-synthetic furanonaphthoquinones (FNQs) showed lower MICs than those exhibited by natural occurring naphthoquinones. The results indicate that these natural products can be effective potential candidates for the development of new strategies to treat MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Machado
- Núleo de Pesquisas de Productos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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2996
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Truiti MDCT, Sarragiotto MH, de Abreu Filho BA, Nakamura CV, Dias Filho BP. In vitro antibacterial activity of a 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-nutanocoumarin from Chaptalia nutans (Asteraceae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2003; 98:283-6. [PMID: 12764448 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762003000200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanolic crude extracts from the roots of Chaptalia nutans, traditionally used in Brazilian folk medicine, were screened against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using the disk diffusion test technique. S. aureus with 14 mm inhibition zone was considered susceptible. E. coli and P. aeruginosa without such a zone were considered resistant. As a result of this finding, the ethanolic crude extract was fractionated on silica gel column chromatography into five fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction was active against S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Further column chromatography separation of the ethyl acetate fraction afforded 30 fractions, which were assayed against S. aureus. Fractions 16 and 17 showed inhibition zones with S. aureus, indicating the presence of active compounds, and were subjected to purification by repeated preparative thin layer chromatography. The pure compound 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-nutanocoumarin inhibited B. subtilis and S. aureus at concentrations of 62.5 g/ml and 125 g/ml, respectively. The antibacterial property of C. nutans appears to have justified its use for the treatment of wounds, which are contaminated through bacterial infections.
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2997
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Leuschner RGK, Ielsch V. Antimicrobial effects of garlic, clove and red hot chilli on Listeria monocytogenes in broth model systems and soft cheese. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2003; 54:127-33. [PMID: 12701369 DOI: 10.1080/0963748031000084070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial activity of 1% (w/v) fresh garlic, ground clove and red dried chilli on Listeria monocytogenes was tested in broth systems at 37 degrees C and at 4 degrees C for 7 h. The initial cell concentration in the broth systems was between 2 x 10(6) and 4 x 10(6) CFU/ml. At 37 degrees C, growth to viable numbers of 3 x 10(8) CFU/ml in 7 h was measured. Clove had bacteriocidal activity and reduced the count to 1 CFU/ml. Garlic displayed bacteriostatic properties, and a count of 4 x 10(6) CFU/ml was maintained. Red chilli displayed an inhibitory effect and resulted in 50% lower counts than the control. L. monocytogenes had a slow growth rate at 4 degrees C and increased from an initial value of 3 x 10(6) to 5 x 10(6) CFU/ml during 7 h. The addition of garlic resulted in 3 x 10(6) CFU/ml, and clove reduced the viable cell concentration to 1 x 10(3) CFU/ml after 7 h. Two batches of soft cheese were produced in the laboratory using milk that was supplemented with L. monocytogenes. The final cheese containing L. monocytogenes with about 1 x 10(5) CFU/g. Half of each cheese batch was supplemented with either 1% garlic or 1% clove, whereby the other half served as a control. After 7 or 11 days incubation at 4 degrees C, the cheese was incubated at abuse temperature of 25 degrees C for 7 or 3 days, respectively. No antimicrobial effects of 1% (w/w) fresh garlic or clove powder on L. monocytogenes were observed in cheese after 1 or 2 weeks at the lower or higher temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata G K Leuschner
- Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
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2998
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Alzoreky NS, Nakahara K. Antibacterial activity of extracts from some edible plants commonly consumed in Asia. Int J Food Microbiol 2003; 80:223-30. [PMID: 12423924 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(02)00169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Extracts of edible plants (26 species) from China, Japan, Thailand and Yemen were screened for their antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Salmonella infantis. Buffered methanol (80% methanol and 20% PBS) and acetone extracted inhibitory substances against tested bacteria from 16 plants, as revealed by the disc assay. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of extracts determined by the agar dilution method ranged from 165 to 2640 mg l(-1). The most sensitive microorganism to extracts from Azadirachta indica, Cinnamomum cassia, Rumex nervosus, Ruta graveolens, Thymus serpyllum and Zingiber officinale was B. cereus, with MIC of 165 to 660 mg l(-1). E. coli and S. infantis were only inhibited by Cinnamomum cassia extracts at the highest MIC (2640 mg l(-1)). L. monocytogenes (Tottori) was more resistant than the ATCC 7644 strain to extracts from Ruta chalepensis, Artemisia absinthium and Cissus spp. EDTA (0.85 mM) reduced the MICs of Cinnamomum cassia and Cissus rotundifolia by at least 50% when tested against E. coli, S. infantis, S. aureus and L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Alzoreky
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Science, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
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2999
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Phrutivorapongkul A, Lipipun V, Ruangrungsi N, Kirtikara K, Nishikawa K, Maruyama S, Watanabe T, Ishikawa T. Studies on the chemical constituents of stem bark of Millettia leucantha: isolation of new chalcones with cytotoxic, anti-herpes simplex virus and anti-inflammatory activities. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2003; 51:187-90. [PMID: 12576653 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.51.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Four new chalcone derivatives (1, 4, 7, 10) were isolated from the stem bark of Millettia leucantha KURZ (Leguminosae) along with two known ones (2, 6) and five known flavones (3, 5, 8, 9, 11). Structure elucidation and unambiguous assignment of the isolates were achieved with the aid of 1D and 2D NMR extensive studies. Correlation of 10 to 4 was successfully done by reduction with Et(3)SiH/CF(3)CO(2)H. Moderate cytotoxic activity was observed in chalcones (1, 10), whereas dihydrochalcones (4, 6) showed moderate anti-Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) activity. Interestingly, flavone 8 showed significant anti-inflammatory effects inhibiting both cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2.
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3000
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Vardar-Unlü G, Candan F, Sökmen A, Daferera D, Polissiou M, Sökmen M, Dönmez E, Tepe B. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Thymus pectinatus Fisch. et Mey. Var. pectinatus (Lamiaceae). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:63-67. [PMID: 12502386 DOI: 10.1021/jf025753e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The essential oil, obtained by using a Clevenger distillation apparatus, and water-soluble (polar) and water-insoluble (nonpolar) subfractions of the methanol extract of Thymus pectinatus Fisch. et Mey. var. pectinatus were assayed for their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. No (or slight) antimicrobial activity was observed when the subfractions were tested, whereas the essential oil showed strong antimicrobial activity against all microorganisms tested. Antioxidant activities of the polar subfraction and the essential oil were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical scavenging, and lipid peroxidation assays. The essential oil, in particular, and the polar subfraction of the methanol extract showed antioxidant activity. The essential oil was analyzed by GC/MS, and 24 compounds, representing 99.6% of the essential oil, were identified: thymol, gamma-terpinene, p-cymene, carvacrol, and borneol were the main components. An antimicrobial activity test carried out with fractions of the essential oil showed that the activity was mainly observed in those fractions containing thymol, in particular, and carvacrol. The activity was, therefore, attributed to the presence of these compounds. Other constituents of the essential oil, such as borneol, gamma-terpinene, and p-cymene, could be also taken into account for their possible synergistic or antagonistic effects. On the other hand, thymol and carvacrol were individually found to possess weaker antioxidant activity than the crude oil itself, indicating that other constituents of the essential oil may contribute to the antioxidant activity observed. In conclusion, the results presented here show that T. pectinatus essential oil could be considered as a natural antimicrobial and antioxidant source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülhan Vardar-Unlü
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140 Turkey.
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