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Marinho JFU, da Silva MP, Mazzocato MC, Tulini FL, Favaro-Trindade CS. Probiotic and Synbiotic Sorbets Produced with Jussara (Euterpe edulis) Pulp: Evaluation Throughout the Storage Period and Effect of the Matrix on Probiotics Exposed to Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2017; 11:264-272. [PMID: 29119465 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to develop and evaluate different formulations of probiotic and synbiotic sorbets produced with jussara (Euterpe edulis) pulp, polydextrose, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA3, and Lactobacillus paracasei BGP1. The pasteurized jussara pulp presented high content of phenolic compounds, especially anthocyanins, which were not inhibitory to the probiotics used in this study. The levels of polyphenols and anthocyanins present in the sorbets were also high and kept stable for 120 days, as well as the populations of both probiotics. On the other hand, probiotic populations reduced ca. 4 log CFU/g when exposed to simulated gastrointestinal fluids. Altogether, the sorbets produced in this study showed interesting results, indicating the viability on producing functional foods with probiotics, prebiotics, and other components that are rich in polyphenols, such as jussara pulp. The combination of these elements can improve the health beneficial effects of these compounds and provide important advantages to the intestinal microbiota of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Fernanda Urbano Marinho
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, P.O.Box 23, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Marluci Palazzolli da Silva
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, P.O.Box 23, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Marcella Chalella Mazzocato
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, P.O.Box 23, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Luiz Tulini
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, P.O.Box 23, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil.,Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (UFOB), Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - Carmen Sílvia Favaro-Trindade
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, P.O.Box 23, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil.
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302
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Vamanu E, Pelinescu D. Effects of mushroom consumption on the microbiota of different target groups – Impact of polyphenolic composition and mitigation on the microbiome fingerprint. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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303
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Alba C MA, Daya M, Franck C. Tart Cherries and health: Current knowledge and need for a better understanding of the fate of phytochemicals in the human gastrointestinal tract. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:626-638. [PMID: 28956621 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1384918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tart cherries are increasingly popular due to purported health benefits. This Prunus cesarus species is cultivated worldwide, and its market has increased significantly in the last two decades due to improvements in agricultural practices and food processing technology. Tart cherries are rich in polyphenols, with a very specific profile combining anthocyanins and flavonols (berries-like) and chlorogenic acid (coffee-like). Tart cherries have been suggested to exert several potentially beneficial health effects including: lowering blood pressure, modulating blood glucose, enhancing cognitive function, protecting against oxidative stress and reducing inflammation. Studies focusing on tart cherry consumption have demonstrated particular benefits in recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage and diabetes associated parameters. However, the bioconversion of tart cherry polyphenols by resident colonic microbiota has never been considered, considerably reducing the impact of in vitro studies that have relied on fruit polyphenol extracts. In vitro and in vivo gut microbiota and metabolome studies are necessary to reinforce health claims linked to tart cherries consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayta-Apaza Alba C
- a Department of Food Science and Center for Human Nutrition , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , AR , United States
| | - Marasini Daya
- a Department of Food Science and Center for Human Nutrition , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , AR , United States
| | - Carbonero Franck
- a Department of Food Science and Center for Human Nutrition , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , AR , United States
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304
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Enhanced Glucose Uptake in Human Liver Cells and Inhibition of Carbohydrate Hydrolyzing Enzymes by Nordic Berry Extracts. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101806. [PMID: 29064442 PMCID: PMC6151378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A Western lifestyle with low physical activity and a diet rich in sugar, fat and processed food contribute to higher incidences of diabetes and obesity. Enhanced glucose uptake in human liver cells was observed after treatment with phenolic extracts from different Nordic berries. All berry extracts showed higher inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase than the anti-diabetic agent acarbose. Total phenolic content and phenolic profiles in addition to antioxidant activities, were also investigated. The berries were extracted with 80% methanol on an accelerated solvent extraction system (ASE) and then purified by C-18 solid phase extraction (SPE). Among the ASE methanol extracts, black chokeberry, crowberry and elderberry extracts showed high stimulation of glucose uptake in HepG2 cells and also considerable inhibitory effect towards carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes. SPE extracts with higher concentrations of phenolics, resulted in increased glucose uptake and enhanced inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase compared to the ASE extracts. Crowberry and cloudberry were the most potent 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors, while bog whortleberry and lingonberry were the most active xanthine oxidase inhibitors. These results increase the value of these berries as a component of a healthy Nordic diet and have a potential benefit against diabetes.
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305
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Gong L, Cao W, Chi H, Wang J, Zhang H, Liu J, Sun B. Whole cereal grains and potential health effects: Involvement of the gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2017; 103:84-102. [PMID: 29389647 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The intakes of whole cereal grains (WCGs) have long been linked to decreased risks of metabolic syndromes (MetS) and several chronic diseases. Owing to the complex range of components of cereals, which may show synergistic activities to mediate these protective effects, the mechanisms by which the benefits of whole cereals arise are not fully understood. The gut microbiota has recently become a new focus of research at the intersection of diet and metabolic health. Moreover, cereals contain various ingredients known as microbiota-accessible substrates that resist digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract, including resistant starch and non-starch polysaccharides such as β-glucan and arabinoxylans, making them an important fuel for the microbiota. Thus, WCGs may manipulate the ecophysiology of gut microbiota. In this review, the scientific evidence supporting the hypothesis that WCGs prevent MetS by modulating gut microbiota composition and functions are discussed, with focuses on cereal intake-related mechanisms by which gut microbiota contributes to human health and scientific evidences for the effects of WCGs on modulating gut microbiota. Once strong support for the association among WCGs, gut microbiota and host metabolic health can be demonstrated, particular cereals, their processing technologies, or cereal-based foods might be better utilized to prevent and possibly even treat metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Gong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wenyan Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hailin Chi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
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306
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Samsonowicz M, Regulska E, Kowczyk-Sadowy M, Butarewicz A, Lewandowski W. The study on molecular structure and microbiological activity of alkali metal 3-hydroxyphenylycetates. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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307
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Dietary teasaponin ameliorates alteration of gut microbiota and cognitive decline in diet-induced obese mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12203. [PMID: 28939875 PMCID: PMC5610180 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-fat (HF) diet alters gut microbiota and promotes obesity related inflammation and cognitive impairment. Teasaponin is the major active component of tea, and has been associated with anti-inflammatory effects and improved microbiota composition. However, the potential protective effects of teasaponin, against HF diet-induced obesity and its associated alteration of gut microbiota, inflammation and cognitive decline have not been studied. In this study, obesity was induced in C57BL/6 J male mice by feeding a HF diet for 8 weeks, followed by treatment with oral teasaponin (0.5%) mixed in HF diet for a further 6 weeks. Teasaponin treatment prevented the HF diet-induced recognition memory impairment and improved neuroinflammation, gliosis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) deficits in the hippocampus. Furthermore, teasaponin attenuated the HF diet-induced endotoxemia, pro-inflammatory macrophage accumulation in the colon and gut microbiota alterations. Teasaponin also improved glucose tolerance and reduced body weight gain in HF diet-induced obese mice. The behavioral and neurochemical improvements suggest that teasaponin could limit unfavorable gut microbiota alterations and cognitive decline in HF diet-induced obesity.
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308
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Papuc C, Goran GV, Predescu CN, Nicorescu V, Stefan G. Plant Polyphenols as Antioxidant and Antibacterial Agents for Shelf-Life Extension of Meat and Meat Products: Classification, Structures, Sources, and Action Mechanisms. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:1243-1268. [PMID: 33371586 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative processes and meat spoilage bacteria are major contributors to decreasing the shelf-life of meat and meat products. Oxidative processes occur during processing, storage, and light exposure, lowering the nutritional and sensory value and acceptability of meat and generating toxic compounds for humans. Polyphenols inhibit oxidative processes in 3 ways: as reactive species scavengers, lipoxygenase inhibitors, and reducing agents for metmyoglobin. Thus, polyphenols are candidate antioxidants for meat and meat products. The cross-contamination of meat with spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms can occur in production lines and result in economic losses. The ability of polyphenols to interact with bacterial cell wall components and the bacterial cell membrane can prevent and control biofilm formation, as well as inhibit microbial enzymes, interfere in protein regulation, and deprive bacterial cell enzymes of substrates and metal ions. Thus, polyphenols are candidate antimicrobial agents for use with meat and meat products. Commercially available polyphenols can decrease primary and secondary lipid peroxidation levels, inhibit lipoxygenase activity, improve meat color stability, minimize the degradation of salt-soluble myofibrillar protein and sulfhydryl groups, and retard bacterial growth. Further studies are now needed to clarify the synergistic/antagonistic action of various polyphenols, and to identify the best polyphenol classes, concentrations, and conditions of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Papuc
- UASVM of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 5th district, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe V Goran
- UASVM of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 5th district, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina N Predescu
- UASVM of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 5th district, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentin Nicorescu
- UASVM of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 5th district, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgeta Stefan
- UASVM of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 5th district, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
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309
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Cenit MC, Nuevo IC, Codoñer-Franch P, Dinan TG, Sanz Y. Gut microbiota and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: new perspectives for a challenging condition. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:1081-1092. [PMID: 28289903 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-0969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain (gut-brain axis) is well recognized with the gut microbiota viewed as a key regulator of this cross-talk. Currently, a body of preclinical and to a lesser extent epidemiological evidence supports the notion that host-microbe interactions play a key role in brain development and function and in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Early life events and shifts away from traditional lifestyles are known to impact gut microbiota composition and function and, thereby, may increase the risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is nowadays the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder. Despite many years of research its etiology is unclear and its diagnosis and treatment are still challenging. Different factors reported to be associated with the risk of developing ADHD and/or linked to different ADHD manifestations have also been linked to shifts in gut microbiota composition, suggesting a link between the microbiota and the disorder. Evidence from preliminary human studies also suggests that dietary components that modulate gut microbiota may also influence ADHD development or symptoms, although further studies are warranted to confirm this hypothesis. Here, we firstly review the potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may regulate the brain-gut axis and influence behavior and neurodevelopmental disorders. Secondly, we discuss the current knowledge about the different factors and dietary components reported to be associated with the risk of developing ADHD or its manifestations and with shifts in gut microbiota composition. Finally, we briefly highlight the need to progress our understanding regarding the role of the gut microbiota in ADHD, since this could open new avenues for early intervention and improved management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Cenit
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Avd. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain. .,Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Avd. De Gaspar Aguilar, 80, 46017, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Isabel Campillo Nuevo
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Avd. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Codoñer-Franch
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Avd. De Gaspar Aguilar, 80, 46017, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Av Blasco Ibáñez, 13, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Avd. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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310
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Cheng M, Zhang X, Guo XJ, Wu ZF, Weng PF. The interaction effect and mechanism between tea polyphenols and intestinal microbiota: Role in human health. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Cheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jing Guo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 P.R. China
| | - Zu-Fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 P.R. China
| | - Pei-Fang Weng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 P.R. China
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311
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Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with the gut microbiota pattern and gastrointestinal characteristics in an adult population. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:1645-1655. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517001593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study aimed to explore the potential associations of adherence to the Mediterranean diet with gut microbiota characteristics and gastrointestinal symptomatology in an adult population. Other long-term dietary habits (e.g. consumption of snacks and junk food or stimulant intake) were also evaluated in terms of the gut microbiota profile. Participants (n 120) underwent anthropometric, dietary, physical activity and lifestyle evaluation. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using a Mediterranean diet score, the MedDietScore, and subjects were classified into three tertiles according to individual adherence scoring. Gut microbiota composition was determined using quantitative PCR and plate-count techniques, and faecal SCFA were analysed using GC. Gastrointestinal symptoms were also evaluated. Participants with a high adherence to the Mediterranean diet had lower Escherichia coli counts (P=0·022), a higher bifidobacteria:E. coli ratio (P=0·025), increased levels and prevalence of Candida albicans (P=0·039 and P=0·050, respectively), greater molar ratio of acetate (P=0·009), higher defaecation frequency (P=0·028) and a more pronounced gastrointestinal symptomatology compared with those reporting low adherence. A lower molar ratio of valerate was also observed in the case of high adherence to the Mediterranean diet compared with the other two tertiles (Pfor trend=0·005). Positive correlations of MedDietScore with gastrointestinal symptoms, faecal moisture, total bacteria, bifidobacteria:E. coli ratio, relative share of Bacteroides, C. albicans and total SCFA, as well as negative associations with cultivable E. coli levels and valerate were indicated. Fast food consumption was characterised by suppressed representation of lactobacilli and butyrate-producing bacteria. In conclusion, our findings support a link between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and gut microbiota characteristics.
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312
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Salaritabar A, Darvishi B, Hadjiakhoondi F, Manayi A, Sureda A, Nabavi SF, Fitzpatrick LR, Nabavi SM, Bishayee A. Therapeutic potential of flavonoids in inflammatory bowel disease: A comprehensive review. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:5097-5114. [PMID: 28811706 PMCID: PMC5537178 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i28.5097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory process plays a central role in the development and progression of numerous pathological situations, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disorders. IBDs involve inflammation of the gastrointestinal area and mainly comprise Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Both pathological situations usually involve recurring or bloody diarrhea, pain, fatigue and weight loss. There is at present no pharmacological cure for CD or UC. However, surgery may be curative for UC patients. The prescribed treatment aims to ameliorate the symptoms and prevent and/or delay new painful episodes. Flavonoid compounds are a large family of hydroxylated polyphenolic molecules abundant in plants, including vegetables and fruits which are the major dietary sources of these compounds for humans, together with wine and tea. Flavonoids are becoming very popular because they have many health-promoting and disease-preventive effects. Most interest has been directed towards the antioxidant activity of flavonoids, evidencing a remarkable free-radical scavenging capacity. However, accumulating evidence suggests that flavonoids have many other biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, and neuroprotective activities through different mechanisms of action. The present review analyzes the available data about the different types of flavonoids and their potential effectiveness as adjuvant therapy of IBDs.
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313
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Estrela JM, Mena S, Obrador E, Benlloch M, Castellano G, Salvador R, Dellinger RW. Polyphenolic Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention and Therapy: Bioavailability versus Bioefficacy. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9413-9436. [PMID: 28654265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural polyphenols are organic chemicals which contain phenol units in their structures. They show antitumor properties. However, a key problem is their short half-life and low bioavailability under in vivo conditions. Still, definitively demonstrating the human benefits of isolated polyphenolic compounds (alone or in combination) using modern scientific methodology has proved challenging. The most common discrepancy between experimental and clinical observations is the use of nonphysiologically relevant concentrations of polyphenols in mechanistic studies. Thus, it remains highly controversial how applicable underlying mechanisms are with bioavailable concentrations and biological half-life. The present Perspective analyses proposed antitumor mechanisms, in vivo reported antitumor effects, and possible mechanisms that may explain discrepancies between bioavailability and bioefficacy. Polyphenol metabolism and possible toxic side effects are also considered. Our main conclusion emphasizes that these natural molecules (and their chemical derivatives) indeed can be very useful, not only as cancer chemopreventive agents but also in oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Estrela
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Mena
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Obrador
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Benlloch
- Department of Health and Functional Valorization, San Vicente Martir Catholic University , 46008 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Castellano
- Department of Health and Functional Valorization, San Vicente Martir Catholic University , 46008 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosario Salvador
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , 46010 Valencia, Spain
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314
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Rocchetti G, Lucini L, Chiodelli G, Giuberti G, Gallo A, Masoero F, Trevisan M. Phenolic profile and fermentation patterns of different commercial gluten-free pasta during in vitro large intestine fermentation. Food Res Int 2017; 97:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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315
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Eid HM, Wright ML, Anil Kumar NV, Qawasmeh A, Hassan STS, Mocan A, Nabavi SM, Rastrelli L, Atanasov AG, Haddad PS. Significance of Microbiota in Obesity and Metabolic Diseases and the Modulatory Potential by Medicinal Plant and Food Ingredients. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:387. [PMID: 28713266 PMCID: PMC5493053 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of three or more metabolic disorders including insulin resistance, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. Obesity has become the epidemic of the twenty-first century with more than 1.6 billion overweight adults. Due to the strong connection between obesity and type 2 diabetes, obesity has received wide attention with subsequent coining of the term "diabesity." Recent studies have identified unique contributions of the immensely diverse gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes. Several mechanisms have been proposed including altered glucose and fatty acid metabolism, hepatic fatty acid storage, and modulation of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1. Importantly, the relationship between unhealthy diet and a modified gut microbiota composition observed in diabetic or obese subjects has been recognized. Similarly, the role of diet rich in polyphenols and plant polysaccharides in modulating gut bacteria and its impact on diabetes and obesity have been the subject of investigation by several research groups. Gut microbiota are also responsible for the extensive metabolism of polyphenols thus modulating their biological activities. The aim of this review is to shed light on the composition of gut microbes, their health importance and how they can contribute to diseases as well as their modulation by polyphenols and polysaccharides to control obesity and diabetes. In addition, the role of microbiota in improving the oral bioavailability of polyphenols and hence in shaping their antidiabetic and antiobesity activities will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda M. Eid
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic MedicinesMontréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Beni-SuefBeni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Michelle L. Wright
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, United States
| | - N. V. Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal UniversityManipal, India
| | | | - Sherif T. S. Hassan
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences BrnoBrno, Czechia
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca, Romania
- ICHAT and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seyed M. Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of SalernoFisciano, Italy
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of SciencesJastrzebiec, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Pierre S. Haddad
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic MedicinesMontréal, QC, Canada
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316
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Amawi H, Ashby CR, Tiwari AK. Cancer chemoprevention through dietary flavonoids: what's limiting? CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2017. [PMID: 28629389 PMCID: PMC5477375 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-017-0217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenols that are found in numerous edible plant species. Data obtained from preclinical and clinical studies suggest that specific flavonoids are chemo-preventive and cytotoxic against various cancers via a multitude of mechanisms. However, the clinical use of flavonoids is limited due to challenges associated with their effective use, including (1) the isolation and purification of flavonoids from their natural resources; (2) demonstration of the effects of flavonoids in reducing the risk of certain cancer, in tandem with the cost and time needed for epidemiological studies, and (3) numerous pharmacokinetic challenges (e.g., bioavailability, drug–drug interactions, and metabolic instability). Currently, numerous approaches are being used to surmount some of these challenges, thereby increasing the likelihood of flavonoids being used as chemo-preventive drugs in the clinic. In this review, we summarize the most important challenges and efforts that are being made to surmount these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Amawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43560, USA
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11432, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43560, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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317
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Manach C, Milenkovic D, Van de Wiele T, Rodriguez‐Mateos A, de Roos B, Garcia‐Conesa MT, Landberg R, Gibney ER, Heinonen M, Tomás‐Barberán F, Morand C. Addressing the inter-individual variation in response to consumption of plant food bioactives: Towards a better understanding of their role in healthy aging and cardiometabolic risk reduction. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61:1600557. [PMID: 27687784 PMCID: PMC5484307 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds in plant-based foods have health properties that contribute to the prevention of age-related chronic diseases, particularly cardiometabolic disorders. Conclusive proof and understanding of these benefits in humans is essential in order to provide effective dietary recommendations but, so far, the evidence obtained from human intervention trials is limited and contradictory. This is partly due to differences between individuals in the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of bioactive compounds, as well as to heterogeneity in their biological response regarding cardiometabolic health outcomes. Identifying the main factors underlying inter-individual differences, as well as developing new and innovative methodologies to account for such variability constitute an overarching goal to ultimately optimize the beneficial health effects of plant food bioactives for each and every one of us. In this respect, this position paper from the COST Action FA1403-POSITIVe examines the main factors likely to affect the individual responses to consumption of plant food bioactives and presents perspectives for assessment and consideration of inter-individual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Manach
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand; Clermont UniversitéUniversité d'AuvergneUnité de Nutrition HumaineBP 10448F‐63000Clermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand; Clermont UniversitéUniversité d'AuvergneUnité de Nutrition HumaineBP 10448F‐63000Clermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET)Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Ana Rodriguez‐Mateos
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular MedicineMedical FacultyUniversity of DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Baukje de Roos
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Maria Teresa Garcia‐Conesa
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant FoodsCEBAS‐CSICCampus de EspinardoMurciaSpain
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Food ScienceSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
- Nutritional Epidemiology UnitInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and HealthUniversity College DublinDublinRepublic of Ireland
| | - Marina Heinonen
- Department of Food and Environmental SciencesFood ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Francisco Tomás‐Barberán
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant FoodsCEBAS‐CSICCampus de EspinardoMurciaSpain
| | - Christine Morand
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand; Clermont UniversitéUniversité d'AuvergneUnité de Nutrition HumaineBP 10448F‐63000Clermont‐FerrandFrance
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318
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Bone-Protective Effects of Dried Plum in Postmenopausal Women: Efficacy and Possible Mechanisms. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050496. [PMID: 28505102 PMCID: PMC5452226 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an age-related chronic disease characterized by a loss of bone mass and quality, and is associated with an increased risk of fragility fractures. Postmenopausal women are at the greatest risk of developing osteoporosis due to the cessation in ovarian hormone production, which causes accelerated bone loss. As the demographic shifts to a more aged population, a growing number of postmenopausal women will be afflicted with osteoporosis. Certain lifestyle factors, including nutrition and exercise, are known to reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis and therefore play an important role in bone health. In terms of nutrition, accumulating evidence suggests that dried plum (Prunus domestica L.) is potentially an efficacious intervention for preventing and reversing bone mass and structural loss in an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis, as well as in osteopenic postmenopausal women. Here, we provide evidence supporting the efficacy of dried plum in preventing and reversing bone loss associated with ovarian hormone deficiency in rodent models and in humans. We end with the results of a recent follow-up study demonstrating that postmenopausal women who previously consumed 100 g dried plum per day during our one-year clinical trial conducted five years earlier retained bone mineral density to a greater extent than those receiving a comparative control. Additionally, we highlight the possible mechanisms of action by which bioactive compounds in dried plum exert bone-protective effects. Overall, the findings of our studies and others strongly suggest that dried plum in its whole form is a promising and efficacious functional food therapy for preventing bone loss in postmenopausal women, with the potential for long-lasting bone-protective effects.
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319
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Bioaccessibility of (poly)phenolic compounds of raw and cooked cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) after simulated gastrointestinal digestion and fermentation by human colonic microbiota. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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320
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Gut microbiota functions: metabolism of nutrients and other food components. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:1-24. [PMID: 28393285 PMCID: PMC5847071 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1319] [Impact Index Per Article: 188.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The diverse microbial community that inhabits the human gut has an extensive metabolic repertoire that is distinct from, but complements the activity of mammalian enzymes in the liver and gut mucosa and includes functions essential for host digestion. As such, the gut microbiota is a key factor in shaping the biochemical profile of the diet and, therefore, its impact on host health and disease. The important role that the gut microbiota appears to play in human metabolism and health has stimulated research into the identification of specific microorganisms involved in different processes, and the elucidation of metabolic pathways, particularly those associated with metabolism of dietary components and some host-generated substances. In the first part of the review, we discuss the main gut microorganisms, particularly bacteria, and microbial pathways associated with the metabolism of dietary carbohydrates (to short chain fatty acids and gases), proteins, plant polyphenols, bile acids, and vitamins. The second part of the review focuses on the methodologies, existing and novel, that can be employed to explore gut microbial pathways of metabolism. These include mathematical models, omics techniques, isolated microbes, and enzyme assays.
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321
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Fotschki B, Juśkiewicz J, Jurgoński A, Rigby N, Sójka M, Kołodziejczyk K, Mackie A, Zduńczyk Z. Raspberry pomace alters cecal microbial activity and reduces secondary bile acids in rats fed a high-fat diet. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 46:13-20. [PMID: 28437712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The profile of bile acids (BA) largely depends on the enzymatic activity of the microbiota, but this can be modulated by the dietary addition of biologically active compounds, e.g., polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of dietary raspberry pomace as a rich source of biologically active compounds on microbial activity and the BA profile in the caecum of rats fed a high-fat diet. Wistar rats were fed the standard diet AIN-93, a high-fat diet or a modified high-fat diet enriched with 7% different types of processed raspberry pomaces produced by standard grinding and fine grinding, with or without seeds. Rats fed the high-fat diet for 8 weeks showed some disorders in liver function and cecal BA, as manifested by an increased concentration of cholesterol, total BA in the liver and cholic, deoxycholic, and β-muricholic acids in the cecal digesta. In general, irrespective of the type of raspberry pomace, these dietary preparations decreased liver cholesterol, hepatic fibroblast growth factor receptor 4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, cecal ammonia and favorable changed BA profile in the cecum. However, among all dietary pomaces, the finely ground preparation containing seeds had the greatest beneficial effect on the caecum by modulating bacterial activity and reducing the levels of secondary BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Fotschki
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Adam Jurgoński
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Neil Rigby
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom; School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michał Sójka
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Łódź University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Alan Mackie
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom; School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Zenon Zduńczyk
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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322
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Metabolic adaptation to the aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera Lam.-supplemented diet is related to the modulation of gut microbiota in mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:5115-5130. [PMID: 28382453 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. (LM-A) is reported to have many health beneficial bioactivities and no obvious toxicity, but have mild adverse effects. Little is known about the mechanism of these reported adverse effects. Notably, there has been no report about the influence of LM-A on intestinal microecology. In this study, animal experiments were performed to explore the relationships between metabolic adaptation to an LM-A-supplemented diet and gut microbiota changes. After 8-week feeding with normal chow diet, the body weight of mice entered a stable period, and one of the group received daily doses of 750-mg/kg body weight LM-A by gavage for 4 weeks (assigned as LM); the other group received the vehicle (assigned as NCD). The liver weight to body weight ratio was enhanced, and the ceca were enlarged in the LM group compared with the NCD group. LM-A-supplemented-diet mice elicited a uniform metabolic adaptation, including slightly influenced fasting glucose and blood lipid profiles, significantly reduced liver triglycerides content, enhanced serum lipopolysaccharide level, activated inflammatory responses in the intestine and liver, compromised gut barrier function, and broken intestinal homeostasis. Many metabolic changes in mice were significantly correlated with altered specific gut bacteria. Changes in Firmicutes, Eubacterium rectale/Clostridium coccoides group, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila, segmented filamentous bacteria, Enterococcus spp., and Sutterella spp. may play an important role in the process of host metabolic adaptation to LM-A administration. Our research provides an explanation of the adverse effects of LM-A administration on normal adult individuals in the perspective of microecology.
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323
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Li J, Liu Y, Kim E, March JC, Bentley WE, Payne GF. Electrochemical reverse engineering: A systems-level tool to probe the redox-based molecular communication of biology. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 105:110-131. [PMID: 28040473 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The intestine is the site of digestion and forms a critical interface between the host and the outside world. This interface is composed of host epithelium and a complex microbiota which is "connected" through an extensive web of chemical and biological interactions that determine the balance between health and disease for the host. This biology and the associated chemical dialogues occur within a context of a steep oxygen gradient that provides the driving force for a variety of reduction and oxidation (redox) reactions. While some redox couples (e.g., catecholics) can spontaneously exchange electrons, many others are kinetically "insulated" (e.g., biothiols) allowing the biology to set and control their redox states far from equilibrium. It is well known that within cells, such non-equilibrated redox couples are poised to transfer electrons to perform reactions essential to immune defense (e.g., transfer from NADH to O2 for reactive oxygen species, ROS, generation) and protection from such oxidative stresses (e.g., glutathione-based reduction of ROS). More recently, it has been recognized that some of these redox-active species (e.g., H2O2) cross membranes and diffuse into the extracellular environment including lumen to transmit redox information that is received by atomically-specific receptors (e.g., cysteine-based sulfur switches) that regulate biological functions. Thus, redox has emerged as an important modality in the chemical signaling that occurs in the intestine and there have been emerging efforts to develop the experimental tools needed to probe this modality. We suggest that electrochemistry provides a unique tool to experimentally probe redox interactions at a systems level. Importantly, electrochemistry offers the potential to enlist the extensive theories established in signal processing in an effort to "reverse engineer" the molecular communication occurring in this complex biological system. Here, we review our efforts to develop this electrochemical tool for in vitro redox-probing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Li
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Eunkyoung Kim
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - John C March
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - William E Bentley
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Gregory F Payne
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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324
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Flavanol plasma bioavailability is affected by metabolic syndrome in rats. Food Chem 2017; 231:287-294. [PMID: 28450008 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Flavanols, which exert several health benefits, are metabolized after ingestion. Factors such as the host physiological condition could affect the metabolism and bioavailability of flavanols, influencing their bioactivities. This study aimed to qualitatively evaluate whether a pathological state influenced flavanol plasma bioavailability. Standard and cafeteria (CAF) diet fed rats, a robust model of metabolic syndrome (MeS), were administered 1000mg/kg of flavanol enriched grape seed polyphenol extract (GSPE). Flavanols and their metabolites were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS in plasma before and at 2, 4, 7, 24, and 48h after GSPE ingestion. Results showed that in CAF administered rats the maximum time of plasma flavanol concentration was delayed and these animals presented higher levels of plasma phase-II metabolites as well as altered microbial metabolites. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that MeS pathological state modified flavanol bioavailability, supporting the hypothesis that flavanol metabolism, and therefore flavanol functionality, depend on the organism's state of health.
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325
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Melini V, Acquistucci R. Health-Promoting Compounds in Pigmented Thai and Wild Rice. Foods 2017; 6:E9. [PMID: 28231088 PMCID: PMC5296678 DOI: 10.3390/foods6010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic pigmented Thai rice and wild rice are commonly available in specialized Italian markets and food shops, and they are gaining popularity among consumers demanding healthy foods. Indeed, the typical colour of kernels, which is the unique characteristic of pigmented cereals, is due to the accumulation of pigments that are also responsible for a number of healthy effects. The aim of this study was to provide a portrait of two organic pigmented Thai rice varieties from Thailand and one wild rice variety from Canada, imported into Italy and at Italian consumers' disposal. To this end, the proximate composition and the content of health-promoting compounds, such as carotenoids, anthocyanins and phenolic compounds, were determined in Thai and wild rice. Moreover, the effect of cooking on phytochemicals was assessed, in order to provide reliable data on the dietary intake of bioactive compounds by samples under investigation. Results show that studied samples have a content of phytochemicals higher than white rice and comparable to other cereals. The cooking process determined a decrease of bioactive compounds in all varieties under investigation. However, some samples were found more resistant to cooking stress, and some phytochemicals were little affected by this process. Therefore, pigmented Thai and wild rice may represent a valuable source of healthy compounds and an alternative to other wholesome foods required by consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Melini
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia Agraria-Centro di Ricerca CREA-Alimenti e Nutrizione, Via Ardeatina 546, I-00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rita Acquistucci
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia Agraria-Centro di Ricerca CREA-Alimenti e Nutrizione, Via Ardeatina 546, I-00178 Rome, Italy.
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326
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Cires MJ, Wong X, Carrasco-Pozo C, Gotteland M. The Gastrointestinal Tract as a Key Target Organ for the Health-Promoting Effects of Dietary Proanthocyanidins. Front Nutr 2017; 3:57. [PMID: 28097121 PMCID: PMC5206694 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are polymers of flavan-3-ols abundant in many vegetable foods and beverages widely consumed in the human diet. There is increasing evidence supporting the beneficial impact of dietary PACs in the prevention and nutritional management of non-communicable chronic diseases. It is considered that PACs with a degree of polymerization >3 remain unabsorbed in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and accumulate in the colonic lumen. Accordingly, the GI tract may be considered as a key organ for the healthy-promoting effects of dietary PACs. PACs form non-specific complexes with salivary proteins in mouth, originating the sensation of astringency, and with dietary proteins, pancreatic enzymes, and nutrient transporters in the intestinal lumen, decreasing the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. They also exert antimicrobial activities, interfering with cariogenic or ulcerogenic pathogens in the mouth (Streptococcus mutans) and stomach (Helicobacter pylori), respectively. Through their antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties, PACs decrease inflammatory processes in animal model of gastric and colonic inflammation. Interestingly, they exert prebiotic activities, stimulating the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. as well as some butyrate-producing bacteria in the colon. Finally, PACs are also metabolized by the gut microbiota, producing metabolites, mainly aromatic acids and valerolactones, which accumulate in the colon and/or are absorbed into the bloodstream. Accordingly, these compounds could display biological activities on the colonic epithelium or in extra-intestinal tissues and, therefore, contribute to part of the beneficial effects of dietary PACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Cires
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Ximena Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | | | - Martin Gotteland
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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327
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Porras D, Nistal E, Martínez-Flórez S, Pisonero-Vaquero S, Olcoz JL, Jover R, González-Gallego J, García-Mediavilla MV, Sánchez-Campos S. Protective effect of quercetin on high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice is mediated by modulating intestinal microbiota imbalance and related gut-liver axis activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 102:188-202. [PMID: 27890642 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is involved in obesity, metabolic syndrome and the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It has been recently suggested that the flavonoid quercetin may have the ability to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition, suggesting a prebiotic capacity which highlights a great therapeutic potential in NAFLD. The present study aims to investigate benefits of experimental treatment with quercetin on gut microbial balance and related gut-liver axis activation in a nutritional animal model of NAFLD associated to obesity. C57BL/6J mice were challenged with high fat diet (HFD) supplemented or not with quercetin for 16 weeks. HFD induced obesity, metabolic syndrome and the development of hepatic steatosis as main hepatic histological finding. Increased accumulation of intrahepatic lipids was associated with altered gene expression related to lipid metabolism, as a result of deregulation of their major modulators. Quercetin supplementation decreased insulin resistance and NAFLD activity score, by reducing the intrahepatic lipid accumulation through its ability to modulate lipid metabolism gene expression, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-dependent lipoperoxidation and related lipotoxicity. Microbiota composition was determined via 16S ribosomal RNA Illumina next-generation sequencing. Metagenomic studies revealed HFD-dependent differences at phylum, class and genus levels leading to dysbiosis, characterized by an increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and in Gram-negative bacteria, and a dramatically increased detection of Helicobacter genus. Dysbiosis was accompanied by endotoxemia, intestinal barrier dysfunction and gut-liver axis alteration and subsequent inflammatory gene overexpression. Dysbiosis-mediated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4)-NF-κB signaling pathway activation was associated with inflammasome initiation response and reticulum stress pathway induction. Quercetin reverted gut microbiota imbalance and related endotoxemia-mediated TLR-4 pathway induction, with subsequent inhibition of inflammasome response and reticulum stress pathway activation, leading to the blockage of lipid metabolism gene expression deregulation. Our results support the suitability of quercetin as a therapeutic approach for obesity-associated NAFLD via its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and prebiotic integrative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Porras
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.
| | - Esther Nistal
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.
| | | | | | - José Luis Olcoz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Gastroenterology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain.
| | - Ramiro Jover
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Experimental Hepatology Unit, IIS Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Victoria García-Mediavilla
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sonia Sánchez-Campos
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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328
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Abbas M, Saeed F, Anjum FM, Afzaal M, Tufail T, Bashir MS, Ishtiaq A, Hussain S, Suleria HAR. Natural polyphenols: An overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1220393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Munawar Abbas
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faqir Muhammad Anjum
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shakeel Bashir
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Punjab, Lahore-Pakistan, King Saud University, Riyadh, SA
| | - Adnan Ishtiaq
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Punjab, Lahore-Pakistan, King Saud University, Riyadh, SA
| | - Shahzad Hussain
- UQ School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
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329
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Juániz I, Ludwig IA, Bresciani L, Dall'Asta M, Mena P, Del Rio D, Cid C, de Peña MP. Catabolism of raw and cooked green pepper ( Capsicum annuum ) (poly)phenolic compounds after simulated gastrointestinal digestion and faecal fermentation. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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330
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Amić A, Marković Z, Marković JMD, Jeremić S, Lučić B, Amić D. Free radical scavenging and COX-2 inhibition by simple colon metabolites of polyphenols: A theoretical approach. Comput Biol Chem 2016; 65:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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331
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Kennedy PJ, Murphy AB, Cryan JF, Ross PR, Dinan TG, Stanton C. Microbiome in brain function and mental health. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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332
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Rocha BS, Nunes C, Laranjinha J. Tuning constitutive and pathological inflammation in the gut via the interaction of dietary nitrate and polyphenols with host microbiome. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:393-402. [PMID: 27989963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is currently recognized as a critical process in modern-era epidemics such as diabetes, obesity and neurodegeneration. However, little attention is paid to the constitutive inflammatory pathways that operate in the gut and that are mandatory for local welfare and the prevention of such multi-organic diseases. Hence, the digestive system, while posing as a barrier between the external environment and the host, is crucial for the balance between constitutive and pathological inflammatory events. Gut microbiome, a recently discovered organ, is now known to govern the interaction between exogenous agents and the host with ensued impact on local and systemic homeostasis. Whereas gut microbiota may be modulated by a myriad of factors, diet constitutes one of its major determinants. Thus, dietary compounds that influence microbial flora may thereby impact on inflammatory pathways. One such example is the redox environment in the gut lumen which is highly dependent on the local generation of nitric oxide along the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway and that is further enhanced by simultaneous consumption of polyphenols. In this paper, different pathways encompassing the interaction of dietary nitrate and polyphenols with gut microbiota will be presented and discussed in connection with local and systemic inflammatory events. Furthermore, it will be discussed how these interactive cycles (nitrate-polyphenols-microbiome) may pose as novel strategies to tackle inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara S Rocha
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Nunes
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Laranjinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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333
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Leow SS, Bolsinger J, Pronczuk A, Hayes KC, Sambanthamurthi R. Hepatic transcriptome implications for palm fruit juice deterrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young male Nile rats. GENES AND NUTRITION 2016; 11:29. [PMID: 27795741 PMCID: PMC5075206 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The Nile rat (NR, Arvicanthis niloticus) is a model of carbohydrate-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the metabolic syndrome. A previous study found that palm fruit juice (PFJ) delayed or prevented diabetes and in some cases even reversed its early stages in young NRs. However, the molecular mechanisms by which PFJ exerts these anti-diabetic effects are unknown. In this study, the transcriptomic effects of PFJ were studied in young male NRs, using microarray gene expression analysis. Methods Three-week-old weanling NRs were fed either a high-carbohydrate diet (%En from carbohydrate/fat/protein = 70:10:20, 16.7 kJ/g; n = 8) or the same high-carbohydrate diet supplemented with PFJ (415 ml of 13,000-ppm gallic acid equivalent (GAE) for a final concentration of 5.4 g GAE per kg diet or 2.7 g per 2000 kcal; n = 8). Livers were obtained from these NRs for microarray gene expression analysis using Illumina MouseRef-8 Version 2 Expression BeadChips. Microarray data were analysed along with the physiological parameters of diabetes. Results Compared to the control group, 71 genes were up-regulated while 108 were down-regulated in the group supplemented with PFJ. Among hepatic genes up-regulated were apolipoproteins related to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and genes involved in hepatic detoxification, while those down-regulated were related to insulin signalling and fibrosis. Conclusion The results obtained suggest that the anti-diabetic effects of PFJ may be due to mechanisms other than an increase in insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Sen Leow
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Julia Bolsinger
- Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454 USA
| | | | - K C Hayes
- Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454 USA
| | - Ravigadevi Sambanthamurthi
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
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334
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Kieffer DA, Piccolo BD, Marco ML, Kim EB, Goodson ML, Keenan MJ, Dunn TN, Knudsen KEB, Adams SH, Martin RJ. Obese Mice Fed a Diet Supplemented with Enzyme-Treated Wheat Bran Display Marked Shifts in the Liver Metabolome Concurrent with Altered Gut Bacteria. J Nutr 2016; 146:2445-2460. [PMID: 27798344 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.238923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzyme-treated wheat bran (ETWB) contains a fermentable dietary fiber previously shown to decrease liver triglycerides (TGs) and modify the gut microbiome in mice. It is not clear which mechanisms explain how ETWB feeding affects hepatic metabolism, but factors (i.e., xenometabolites) associated with specific microbes may be involved. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to characterize ETWB-driven shifts in the cecal microbiome and to identify correlates between microbial changes and diet-related differences in liver metabolism in diet-induced obese mice that typically display steatosis. METHODS Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice fed a 45%-lard-based fat diet supplemented with ETWB (20% wt:wt) or rapidly digestible starch (control) (n = 15/group) for 10 wk were characterized by using a multi-omics approach. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to identify variables that were strong discriminators between the ETWB and control groups. RESULTS Body weight and liver TGs were decreased by ETWB feeding (by 10% and 25%, respectively; P < 0.001), and an index of liver reactive oxygen species was increased (by 29%; P < 0.01). The cecal microbiome showed an increase in Bacteroidetes (by 42%; P < 0.05) and a decrease in Firmicutes (by 16%; P < 0.05). Metabolites that were strong discriminators between the ETWB and control groups included decreased liver antioxidants (glutathione and α-tocopherol); decreased liver carbohydrate metabolites, including glucose; lower hepatic arachidonic acid; and increased liver and plasma β-hydroxybutyrate. Liver transcriptomics revealed key metabolic pathways affected by ETWB, especially those related to lipid metabolism and some fed- or fasting-regulated genes. CONCLUSIONS Together, these changes indicate that dietary fibers such as ETWB regulate hepatic metabolism concurrently with specific gut bacteria community shifts in C57BL/6J mice. It is proposed that these changes may elicit gut-derived signals that reach the liver via enterohepatic circulation, ultimately affecting host liver metabolism in a manner that mimics, in part, the fasting state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy A Kieffer
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology and.,Department of Nutrition.,Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
| | - Brian D Piccolo
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | | | - Eun Bae Kim
- Food Science and Technology Department, and.,Department of Animal Life Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Tamara N Dunn
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology and.,Department of Nutrition.,Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
| | | | - Sean H Adams
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology and .,Department of Nutrition.,Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Roy J Martin
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology and .,Department of Nutrition.,Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
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335
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Firrman J, Liu L, Zhang L, Arango Argoty G, Wang M, Tomasula P, Kobori M, Pontious S, Xiao W. The effect of quercetin on genetic expression of the commensal gut microbes Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Enterococcus caccae and Ruminococcus gauvreauii. Anaerobe 2016; 42:130-141. [PMID: 27742572 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin is one of the most abundant polyphenols found in fruits and vegetables. The ability of the gut microbiota to metabolize quercetin has been previously documented; however, the effect that quercetin may have on commensal gut microbes remains unclear. In the present study, the effects of quercetin on the commensal gut microbes Ruminococcus gauvreauii, Bifidobacterium catenulatum and Enterococcus caccae were determined through evaluation of growth patterns and cell morphology, and analysis of genetic expression profiles between quercetin treated and non-treated groups using Single Molecule RNA sequencing via Helicos technology. Results of this study revealed that phenotypically, quercetin did not prevent growth of Ruminococcus gauvreauii, mildly suppressed growth of Bifidobacterium catenulatum, and moderately inhibited growth of Enterococcus caccae. Genetic analysis revealed that in response to quercetin, Ruminococcus gauvreauii down regulated genes responsible for protein folding, purine synthesis and metabolism. Bifidobacterium catenulatum increased expression of the ABC transport pathway and decreased metabolic pathways and cell wall synthesis. Enterococcus caccae upregulated genes responsible for energy production and metabolism, and downregulated pathways of stress response, translation and sugar transport. For the first time, the effect of quercetin on the growth and genetic expression of three different commensal gut bacteria was documented. The data provides insight into the interactions between genetic regulation and growth. This is also a unique demonstration of how RNA single molecule sequencing can be used to study the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Firrman
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA.
| | - LinShu Liu
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA
| | - Liqing Zhang
- Virginia Tech College of Engineering, Department of Computer Science, 1425 S Main St., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Gustavo Arango Argoty
- Virginia Tech College of Engineering, Department of Computer Science, 1425 S Main St., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Minqian Wang
- Rutgers University, Department of Food Science, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Peggy Tomasula
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA
| | - Masuko Kobori
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan
| | - Sherri Pontious
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, USA
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336
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Riscuta G. Nutrigenomics at the Interface of Aging, Lifespan, and Cancer Prevention. J Nutr 2016; 146:1931-1939. [PMID: 27558581 PMCID: PMC5037878 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.235119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The percentage of elderly people with associated age-related health deterioration, including cancer, has been increasing for decades. Among age-related diseases, the incidence of cancer has grown substantially, in part because of the overlap of some molecular pathways between cancer and aging. Studies with model organisms suggest that aging and age-related conditions are manipulable processes that can be modified by both genetic and environmental factors, including dietary habits. Variations in genetic backgrounds likely lead to differential responses to dietary changes and account for some of the inconsistencies found in the literature. The intricacies of the aging process, coupled with the interrelational role of bioactive food components on gene expression, make this review a complex undertaking. Nevertheless, intriguing evidence suggests that dietary habits can manipulate the aging process and/or its consequences and potentially may have unprecedented health benefits. The present review focuses on 4 cellular events: telomerase activity, bioenergetics, DNA repair, and oxidative stress. These processes are linked to both aging and cancer risk, and their alteration in animal models by selected food components is evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Riscuta
- Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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337
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Promiscuous Effects of Some Phenolic Natural Products on Inflammation at Least in Part Arise from Their Ability to Modulate the Expression of Global Regulators, Namely microRNAs. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091263. [PMID: 27657035 PMCID: PMC6272860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen the exploration of a puzzling number of compounds found in human diet that could be of interest for prevention or treatment of various pathologies. Although many of these natural products (NPs) have long been used as remedies, their molecular effects still remain elusive. With the advent of biotechnology revolution, NP studies turned from chemistry and biochemistry toward global analysis of gene expression. Hope is to use genetics to identify groups of patient for whom certain NPs or their derivatives may offer new preventive or therapeutic treatments. Recently, microRNAs have gained the statute of global regulators controlling cell homeostasis by regulating gene expression through genetic and epigenetic regulatory loops. Realization that certain plant polyphenols can modify microRNA expression and thus impact gene expression globally, initiated new, mainly in vitro studies, in particular to determine phytochemicals effects on inflammatory response, whose exacerbation has been linked to several disorders including cancer, auto-immune, metabolic, cardiovascular and neuro-inflammatory diseases. However, very few mechanistic insights have been provided, given the complexity of genetic regulatory networks implicated. In this review, we will concentrate on data showing the potential interest of some plant polyphenols in manipulating the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory microRNAs in pathological conditions.
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338
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Newell C, Bomhof MR, Reimer RA, Hittel DS, Rho JM, Shearer J. Ketogenic diet modifies the gut microbiota in a murine model of autism spectrum disorder. Mol Autism 2016; 7:37. [PMID: 27594980 PMCID: PMC5009541 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-016-0099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal dysfunction and gut microbial composition disturbances have been widely reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study examines whether gut microbiome disturbances are present in the BTBRT + tf/j (BTBR) mouse model of ASD and if the ketogenic diet, a diet previously shown to elicit therapeutic benefit in this mouse model, is capable of altering the profile. Findings Juvenile male C57BL/6 (B6) and BTBR mice were fed a standard chow (CH, 13 % kcal fat) or ketogenic diet (KD, 75 % kcal fat) for 10–14 days. Following diets, fecal and cecal samples were collected for analysis. Main findings are as follows: (1) gut microbiota compositions of cecal and fecal samples were altered in BTBR compared to control mice, indicating that this model may be of utility in understanding gut-brain interactions in ASD; (2) KD consumption caused an anti-microbial-like effect by significantly decreasing total host bacterial abundance in cecal and fecal matter; (3) specific to BTBR animals, the KD counteracted the common ASD phenotype of a low Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in both sample types; and (4) the KD reversed elevated Akkermansia muciniphila content in the cecal and fecal matter of BTBR animals. Conclusions Results indicate that consumption of a KD likely triggers reductions in total gut microbial counts and compositional remodeling in the BTBR mouse. These findings may explain, in part, the ability of a KD to mitigate some of the neurological symptoms associated with ASD in an animal model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13229-016-0099-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Newell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW., Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Marc R Bomhof
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW., Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1 Canada ; Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Dustin S Hittel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW., Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Jong M Rho
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada ; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Jane Shearer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW., Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1 Canada ; Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
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339
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Jampolis MB, Rothkopf MM, Li Z, Diamond SJ, Allen K, Abdelhadi RA, Kahana DD, McClave SA. Principles of Healthful Eating. Curr Nutr Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-016-0168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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340
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Basson A, Trotter A, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Cominelli F. Mucosal Interactions between Genetics, Diet, and Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2016; 7:290. [PMID: 27531998 PMCID: PMC4970383 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous reviews have discussed gut microbiota composition changes during inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), particularly Crohn’s disease (CD). However, most studies address the observed effects by focusing on studying the univariate connection between disease and dietary-induced alterations to gut microbiota composition. The possibility that these effects may reflect a number of other interconnected (i.e., pantropic) mechanisms, activated in parallel, particularly concerning various bacterial metabolites, is in the process of being elucidated. Progress seems, however, hampered by various difficult-to-study factors interacting at the mucosal level. Here, we highlight some of such factors that merit consideration, namely: (1) the contribution of host genetics and diet in altering gut microbiome, and in turn, the crosstalk among secondary metabolic pathways; (2) the interdependence between the amount of dietary fat, the fatty acid composition, the effects of timing and route of administration on gut microbiota community, and the impact of microbiota-derived fatty acids; (3) the effect of diet on bile acid composition, and the modulator role of bile acids on the gut microbiota; (4) the impact of endogenous and exogenous intestinal micronutrients and metabolites; and (5) the need to consider food associated toxins and chemicals, which can introduce confounding immune modulating elements (e.g., antioxidant and phytochemicals in oils and proteins). These concepts, which are not mutually exclusive, are herein illustrated paying special emphasis on physiologically inter-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Basson
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Ashley Trotter
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Fabio Cominelli
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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341
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Bioactivity of Polyphenols: Preventive and Adjuvant Strategies toward Reducing Inflammatory Bowel Diseases-Promises, Perspectives, and Pitfalls. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9346470. [PMID: 27478535 PMCID: PMC4958438 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9346470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by autoimmune and inflammation-related complications of the large intestine (ulcerative colitis) and additional parts of the digestive tract (Crohn's disease). Complications include pain, diarrhoea, chronic inflammation, and cancer. IBD prevalence has increased during the past decades, especially in Westernized countries, being as high as 1%. As prognosis is poor and medication often ineffective or causing side effects, additional preventive/adjuvant strategies are sought. A possible approach is via diets rich in protective constituents. Polyphenols, the most abundant phytochemicals, have been associated with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and apoptotic properties. Locally reducing oxidative stress, they can further act on cellular targets, altering gene expression related to inflammation, including NF-κB, Nrf-2, Jak/STAT, and MAPKs, suppressing downstream cytokine formation (e.g., IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α), and boosting the bodies' own antioxidant status (HO-1, SOD, and GPx). Moreover, they may promote, as prebiotics, healthy microbiota (e.g., Bifidobacteria, Akkermansia), short-chain fatty acid formation, and reduced gut permeability/improved tight junction stability. However, potential adverse effects such as acting as prooxidants, or perturbations of efflux transporters and phase I/II metabolizing enzymes, with increased uptake of undesired xenobiotics, should also be considered. In this review, we summarize current knowledge around preventive and arbitrary actions of polyphenols targeting IBD.
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342
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Anthocyanins and their gut metabolites reduce the adhesion of monocyte to TNFα-activated endothelial cells at physiologically relevant concentrations. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 599:51-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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343
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Braune A, Blaut M. Bacterial species involved in the conversion of dietary flavonoids in the human gut. Gut Microbes 2016; 7:216-34. [PMID: 26963713 PMCID: PMC4939924 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2016.1158395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the conversion of dietary flavonoids and thereby affects their health-promoting effects in the human host. The identification of the bacteria involved in intestinal flavonoid conversion has gained increasing interest. This review summarizes available information on the so far identified human intestinal flavonoid-converting bacterial species and strains as well as their enzymes catalyzing the underlying reactions. The majority of described species involved in flavonoid transformation are capable of carrying out the O-deglycosylation of flavonoids. Other bacteria cleave the less common flavonoid-C-glucosides and/or further degrade the aglycones of flavonols, flavanonols, flavones, flavanones, dihydrochalcones, isoflavones and monomeric flavan-3-ols. To increase the currently limited knowledge in this field, identification of flavonoid-converting bacteria should be continued using culture-dependent screening or isolation procedures and molecular approaches based on sequence information of the involved enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Braune
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Michael Blaut
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
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344
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Zhernakova A, Kurilshikov A, Bonder MJ, Tigchelaar EF, Schirmer M, Vatanen T, Mujagic Z, Vila AV, Falony G, Vieira-Silva S, Wang J, Imhann F, Brandsma E, Jankipersadsing SA, Joossens M, Cenit MC, Deelen P, Swertz MA, Weersma RK, Feskens EJM, Netea MG, Gevers D, Jonkers D, Franke L, Aulchenko YS, Huttenhower C, Raes J, Hofker MH, Xavier RJ, Wijmenga C, Fu J. Population-based metagenomics analysis reveals markers for gut microbiome composition and diversity. Science 2016; 352:565-9. [PMID: 27126040 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1164] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Deep sequencing of the gut microbiomes of 1135 participants from a Dutch population-based cohort shows relations between the microbiome and 126 exogenous and intrinsic host factors, including 31 intrinsic factors, 12 diseases, 19 drug groups, 4 smoking categories, and 60 dietary factors. These factors collectively explain 18.7% of the variation seen in the interindividual distance of microbial composition. We could associate 110 factors to 125 species and observed that fecal chromogranin A (CgA), a protein secreted by enteroendocrine cells, was exclusively associated with 61 microbial species whose abundance collectively accounted for 53% of microbial composition. Low CgA concentrations were seen in individuals with a more diverse microbiome. These results are an important step toward a better understanding of environment-diet-microbe-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zhernakova
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands. Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Alexander Kurilshikov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia. Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marc Jan Bonder
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ettje F Tigchelaar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands. Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Melanie Schirmer
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tommi Vatanen
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Zlatan Mujagic
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands. Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Arnau Vich Vila
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gwen Falony
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Leuven, Belgium. VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Vieira-Silva
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Leuven, Belgium. VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jun Wang
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Leuven, Belgium. VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Floris Imhann
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Eelke Brandsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Soesma A Jankipersadsing
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marie Joossens
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Leuven, Belgium. VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Carmen Cenit
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands. Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain. Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patrick Deelen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Morris A Swertz
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Rinse K Weersma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands. Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Dirk Gevers
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daisy Jonkers
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yurii S Aulchenko
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia. Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK. PolyOmica, Groningen, Netherlands. Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeroen Raes
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Leuven, Belgium. VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marten H Hofker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen, Netherlands.
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345
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Fotschki B, Juśkiewicz J, Jurgoński A, Kołodziejczyk K, Milala J, Kosmala M, Zduńczyk Z. Anthocyanins in Strawberry Polyphenolic Extract Enhance the Beneficial Effects of Diets with Fructooligosaccharides in the Rat Cecal Environment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149081. [PMID: 26882456 PMCID: PMC4755607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) beneficially modulates gastrointestinal functions and may enhance the metabolism of polyphenols. However, different polyphenolic components in the diet may have different influences on the activities of the digestive enzymes and microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, a 4-week study of forty-eight male Wistar rats was conducted to investigate the physiological response of the rat cecal environment to diets without and with FOS that contained two different strawberry polyphenolic extracts, specifically EP (polyphenolic profile 60, 35, 5, and 0% ellagitannins, proanthocyanidins, flavonols, anthocyanins, respectively) and EPA (polyphenolic profile: 50, 35, 6, and 9%, respectively). When combined with FOS, both extracts beneficially enhanced the acidification of the cecal digesta (P≤0.05 vs the groups without extracts), but the dietary combination of EPA and FOS elicited the greatest reduction in putrefactive short-chain fatty acid production and the lowest fecal β-glucuronidase activity in the cecum (P≤0.05 vs group EP). Moreover, the addition of dietary FOS elevated the metabolism of the examined strawberry extracts in the cecum and thereby increased the concentrations of the metabolites in the cecal digesta and urine (P≤0.05 vs the group with cellulose). Overall, both strawberry extracts modulated the effects of FOS in the gastrointestinal tract; however, the combination with EPA extract that contained anthocyanins exhibited greater beneficial effects in the lower gut environment than the EP extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Fotschki
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Adam Jurgoński
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Milala
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Łódź University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Monika Kosmala
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Łódź University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Zenon Zduńczyk
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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346
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Ozdal T, Sela DA, Xiao J, Boyacioglu D, Chen F, Capanoglu E. The Reciprocal Interactions between Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota and Effects on Bioaccessibility. Nutrients 2016; 8:78. [PMID: 26861391 PMCID: PMC4772042 DOI: 10.3390/nu8020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As of late, polyphenols have increasingly interested the scientific community due to their proposed health benefits. Much of this attention has focused on their bioavailability. Polyphenol-gut microbiota interactions should be considered to understand their biological functions. The dichotomy between the biotransformation of polyphenols into their metabolites by gut microbiota and the modulation of gut microbiota composition by polyphenols contributes to positive health outcomes. Although there are many studies on the in vivo bioavailability of polyphenols, the mutual relationship between polyphenols and gut microbiota is not fully understood. This review focuses on the biotransformation of polyphenols by gut microbiota, modulation of gut microbiota by polyphenols, and the effects of these two-way mutual interactions on polyphenol bioavailability, and ultimately, human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Ozdal
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Okan Univesity, Tuzla, Istanbul TR-34959, Turkey.
| | - David A Sela
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Dilek Boyacioglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul TR-34469, Turkey.
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul TR-34469, Turkey.
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347
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Guadamuro L, Jiménez-Girón AM, Delgado S, Flórez AB, Suárez A, Martín-Álvarez PJ, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV, Mayo B. Profiling of Phenolic Metabolites in Feces from Menopausal Women after Long-Term Isoflavone Supplementation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:210-216. [PMID: 26690567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds were screened by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS in the feces of 15 menopausal women before and after long-term isoflavone treatment. In total, 44 compounds were detected. Large intertreatment, interindividual, and intersample variations were observed in terms of the number of compounds and their concentration. Four compounds, the aglycones daidzein and genistein and the daidzein derivatives dihydrodaidzein and O-desmethylangolensin, were associated with isoflavone metabolism; these were identified only after the isoflavone treatment. In addition, 4-ethylcatechol, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 3-phenylpropionic acid differed significantly in pre- and postintervention samples, whereas the concentration of 4-hydroxy-5-phenylvaleric acid showed a trend toward increasing over the treatment. The phenolic profiles of equol-producing and -non-producing groups were similar, with the exceptions of 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 3-phenylpropionic acid, which showed higher concentrations in equol-non-producing women. These findings may help to trace isoflavone-derived metabolites in feces during isoflavone interventions and to design new studies to address their biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Guadamuro
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquı́mica de Productos Lácteos, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC) , Paseo Rı́o Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC , c/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Jiménez-Girón
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC , c/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Delgado
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquı́mica de Productos Lácteos, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC) , Paseo Rı́o Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Flórez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquı́mica de Productos Lácteos, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC) , Paseo Rı́o Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Adolfo Suárez
- Servicio de Digestivo, Hospital de Cabueñes , Calle Los Prados 395, 33394 Gijón, Spain
| | - Pedro J Martín-Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC , c/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Bartolomé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC , c/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Victoria Moreno-Arribas
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC , c/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Baltasar Mayo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquı́mica de Productos Lácteos, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC) , Paseo Rı́o Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
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348
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Said IH, Shah RL, Ullrich MS, Kuhnert N. Quantification of microbial uptake of quercetin and its derivatives using an UHPLC-ESI-QTOF mass spectrometry assay. Food Funct 2016; 7:4082-4091. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00652c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based method for the quantification of intracellular concentrations of dietary phenolics in bacteria was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inamullah Hakeem Said
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Rohan Lakshmidas Shah
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Matthias S. Ullrich
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Nikolai Kuhnert
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
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349
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Kerch G. Chitosan films and coatings prevent losses of fresh fruit nutritional quality: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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350
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Dunlop AL, Mulle JG, Ferranti EP, Edwards S, Dunn AB, Corwin EJ. Maternal Microbiome and Pregnancy Outcomes That Impact Infant Health: A Review. Adv Neonatal Care 2015; 15:377-85. [PMID: 26317856 PMCID: PMC4658310 DOI: 10.1097/anc.0000000000000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The maternal microbiome is recognized as a key determinant of a range of important maternal and child health outcomes, and together with perinatal factors influences the infant microbiome. This article provides a summary review of research investigating (1) the role of the maternal microbiome in pregnancy outcomes known to adversely influence neonatal and infant health, including preterm birth, cardiometabolic complications of pregnancy such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, and excessive gestational weight gain; (2) factors with an established link to adverse pregnancy outcomes that are known to influence the composition of the maternal microbiome; and (3) strategies for promoting a healthy maternal microbiome, recognizing that much more research is needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L. Dunlop
- Emory University School of Nursing, 1520 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, 404-712-8520 (phone); 404-727-6945 (fax)
| | - Jennifer G. Mulle
- Rollins School of Public Health & School of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Erin P. Ferranti
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University,Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Sara Edwards
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University,Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Alexis B. Dunn
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University,Atlanta, GA 30322
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