301
|
Lee P, Malik D, Perkons N, Huangyang P, Khare S, Rhoades S, Gong YY, Burrows M, Finan JM, Nissim I, Gade TPF, Weljie AM, Simon MC. Targeting glutamine metabolism slows soft tissue sarcoma growth. Nat Commun 2020; 11:498. [PMID: 31980651 PMCID: PMC6981153 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour cells frequently utilize glutamine to meet bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of rapid cell growth. However, glutamine dependence can be highly variable between in vitro and in vivo settings, based on surrounding microenvironments and complex adaptive responses to glutamine deprivation. Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are mesenchymal tumours where cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the primary approach for metastatic or unresectable disease. Therefore, it is critical to identify alternate therapies to improve patient outcomes. Using autochthonous STS murine models and unbiased metabolomics, we demonstrate that glutamine metabolism supports sarcomagenesis. STS subtypes expressing elevated glutaminase (GLS) levels are highly sensitive to glutamine starvation. In contrast to previous studies, treatment of autochthonous tumour-bearing animals with Telaglenastat (CB-839), an orally bioavailable GLS inhibitor, successfully inhibits undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) tumour growth. We reveal glutamine metabolism as critical for sarcomagenesis, with CB-839 exhibiting potent therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Lee
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dania Malik
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas Perkons
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Peiwei Huangyang
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sanika Khare
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Seth Rhoades
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yao-Yu Gong
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michelle Burrows
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer M Finan
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Itzhak Nissim
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Terence P F Gade
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
302
|
Wilk A, Hayat F, Cunningham R, Li J, Garavaglia S, Zamani L, Ferraris DM, Sykora P, Andrews J, Clark J, Davis A, Chaloin L, Rizzi M, Migaud M, Sobol RW. Extracellular NAD + enhances PARP-dependent DNA repair capacity independently of CD73 activity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:651. [PMID: 31959836 PMCID: PMC6971268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels that compromise mitochondrial function trigger release of DNA damaging reactive oxygen species. NAD+ levels also affect DNA repair capacity as NAD+ is a substrate for PARP-enzymes (mono/poly-ADP-ribosylation) and sirtuins (deacetylation). The ecto-5′-nucleotidase CD73, an ectoenzyme highly expressed in cancer, is suggested to regulate intracellular NAD+ levels by processing NAD+ and its bio-precursor, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), from tumor microenvironments, thereby enhancing tumor DNA repair capacity and chemotherapy resistance. We therefore investigated whether expression of CD73 impacts intracellular NAD+ content and NAD+-dependent DNA repair capacity. Reduced intracellular NAD+ levels suppressed recruitment of the DNA repair protein XRCC1 to sites of genomic DNA damage and impacted the amount of accumulated DNA damage. Further, decreased NAD+ reduced the capacity to repair DNA damage induced by DNA alkylating agents. Overall, reversal of these outcomes through NAD+ or NMN supplementation was independent of CD73. In opposition to its proposed role in extracellular NAD+ bioprocessing, we found that recombinant human CD73 only poorly processes NMN but not NAD+. A positive correlation between CD73 expression and intracellular NAD+ content could not be made as CD73 knockout human cells were efficient in generating intracellular NAD+ when supplemented with NAD+ or NMN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wilk
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Faisal Hayat
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Richard Cunningham
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Silvia Garavaglia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Leila Zamani
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Davide M Ferraris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Peter Sykora
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Amelia Technologies, 14676 Rothgeb Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Joel Andrews
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Jennifer Clark
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Amanda Davis
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Laurent Chaloin
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Menico Rizzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Marie Migaud
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
303
|
Castro-Portuguez R, Sutphin GL. Kynurenine pathway, NAD + synthesis, and mitochondrial function: Targeting tryptophan metabolism to promote longevity and healthspan. Exp Gerontol 2020; 132:110841. [PMID: 31954874 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in the normal physiological functions of an organism, ultimately leading to mortality. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential cofactor that plays a critical role in mitochondrial energy production as well as many enzymatic redox reactions. Age-associated decline in NAD+ is implicated as a driving factor in several categories of age-associated disease, including metabolic and neurodegenerative disease, as well as deficiency in the mechanisms of cellular defense against oxidative stress. The kynurenine metabolic pathway is the sole de novo NAD+ biosynthetic pathway, generating NAD+ from ingested tryptophan. Altered kynurenine pathway activity is associated with both aging and a variety of age-associated diseases. Kynurenine pathway interventions can extend lifespan in both fruit flies and nematodes, and altered NAD+ metabolism represents one potential mediating mechanism. Recent studies demonstrate that supplementation with NAD+ or NAD+-precursors increase longevity and promote healthy aging in fruit flies, nematodes, and mice. NAD+ levels and the intrinsic relationship to mitochondrial function have been widely studied in the context of aging. Mitochondrial function and dynamics have both been implicated in longevity determination in a range of organisms from yeast to humans, at least in part due to their intimate link to regulating an organism's cellular energy economy and capacity to resist oxidative stress. Recent findings support the idea that complex communication between the mitochondria and the nucleus orchestrates a series of events and stress responses involving mitophagy, mitochondrial number, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), and mitochondria fission and fusion events. In this review, we discuss how mitochondrial morphological changes and dynamics operate during aging, and how altered metabolism of tryptophan to NAD+ through the kynurenine pathway interacts with these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Castro-Portuguez
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, AZ, USA
| | - George L Sutphin
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, AZ, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
304
|
Opitz CA, Somarribas Patterson LF, Mohapatra SR, Dewi DL, Sadik A, Platten M, Trump S. The therapeutic potential of targeting tryptophan catabolism in cancer. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:30-44. [PMID: 31819194 PMCID: PMC6964670 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on its effects on both tumour cell intrinsic malignant properties as well as anti-tumour immune responses, tryptophan catabolism has emerged as an important metabolic regulator of cancer progression. Three enzymes, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 and 2 (IDO1/2) and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), catalyse the first step of the degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) to kynurenine (Kyn). The notion of inhibiting IDO1 using small-molecule inhibitors elicited high hopes of a positive impact in the field of immuno-oncology, by restoring anti-tumour immune responses and synergising with other immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibition. However, clinical trials with IDO1 inhibitors have yielded disappointing results, hence raising many questions. This review will discuss strategies to target Trp-degrading enzymes and possible down-stream consequences of their inhibition. We aim to provide comprehensive background information on Trp catabolic enzymes as targets in immuno-oncology and their current state of development. Details of the clinical trials with IDO1 inhibitors, including patient stratification, possible effects of the inhibitors themselves, effects of pre-treatments and the therapies the inhibitors were combined with, are discussed and mechanisms proposed that might have compensated for IDO1 inhibition. Finally, alternative approaches are suggested to circumvent these problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane A Opitz
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Luis F Somarribas Patterson
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soumya R Mohapatra
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dyah L Dewi
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery - Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Ahmed Sadik
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Saskia Trump
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Unit for Molecular Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
305
|
Zhou Q, Zhu L, Qiu W, Liu Y, Yang F, Chen W, Xu R. Nicotinamide Riboside Enhances Mitochondrial Proteostasis and Adult Neurogenesis through Activation of Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response Signaling in the Brain of ALS SOD1 G93A Mice. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:284-297. [PMID: 31929756 PMCID: PMC6949147 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.38487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is caused by the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord, the brain stem, and the motor cortex. So far, there is still a lack of effective drugs. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) takes part in redox reactions and the NAD-dependent signaling pathway. The NAD+ decline is related with many neurological diseases, leading to the accumulation of neurotoxic protein in the central nervous system. Moreover, the NAD+ supplementation is shown to promote neural stem cells/neuronal precursor cells (NSCs/NPCs) pool maintenance. Regulatory mechanisms and functions of NAD+ metabolism in ALS are still unknown. Thus, we hypothesized the aggregation of human SOD1 toxic protein and the fate of NSCs/NPCs in the ALS disease could be improved by the administration of nicotinamide riboside (NR), an NAD+ precursor. In this study, we treated SOD1G93A transgenic and wild-type mice by the oral administration of 20 mg/ml NR starting at 50 days of age. Effects of NR on the body weight, the motor function, the onset and the survival were assessed during the experiment. The expression of mutant hSOD1 protein, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) related protein, mitophagy markers and NAD+ metabolism related protein were detected by immunoblotting. Effects of NR on the NSCs/NPCs in neurogenic niches of brain were identified by the immunofluorescence staining. Our investigation elucidated that the NR treatment exhibited better hanging wire endurance but did not postpone the onset or extend the life span of SOD1G93A mice. Besides, we observed that the NR repletion promoted the clearance of mitochondrial hSOD1 neurotoxic protein. Meanwhile, the mitochondrial function pathway was disrupted in the brain of SOD1G93A mice. What's more, we demonstrated that the inadequate function of NAD+ salvage synthesis pathway was the primary explanation behind the decline of NAD+, and the NR treatment enhanced the proliferation and migration of NSCs/NPCs in the brain of SOD1G93A mice. At last, we found that levels of UPRmt related protein were significantly increased in the brain of SOD1G93A mice after the NR treatment. In summary, these findings reveal that the administration of NR activates UPRmt signaling, modulates mitochondrial proteostasis and improves the adult neurogenesis in the brain of SOD1G93A mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weiwen Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenzhi Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- ✉ Corresponding author: Prof. Renshi Xu, or , Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China. Tel: +86 0791-88603798
| |
Collapse
|
306
|
Katsyuba E, Romani M, Hofer D, Auwerx J. NAD + homeostasis in health and disease. Nat Metab 2020; 2:9-31. [PMID: 32694684 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The conceptual evolution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) from being seen as a simple metabolic cofactor to a pivotal cosubstrate for proteins regulating metabolism and longevity, including the sirtuin family of protein deacylases, has led to a new wave of scientific interest in NAD+. NAD+ levels decline during ageing, and alterations in NAD+ homeostasis can be found in virtually all age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration, diabetes and cancer. In preclinical settings, various strategies to increase NAD+ levels have shown beneficial effects, thus starting a competitive race to discover marketable NAD+ boosters to improve healthspan and lifespan. Here, we review the basics of NAD+ biochemistry and metabolism, and its roles in health and disease, and we discuss current challenges and the future translational potential of NAD+ research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Katsyuba
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Nagi Bioscience, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario Romani
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dina Hofer
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Zug, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
307
|
Dollerup OL, Chubanava S, Agerholm M, Søndergård SD, Altıntaş A, Møller AB, Høyer KF, Ringgaard S, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Lavery GG, Barrès R, Larsen S, Prats C, Jessen N, Treebak JT. Nicotinamide riboside does not alter mitochondrial respiration, content or morphology in skeletal muscle from obese and insulin-resistant men. J Physiol 2019; 598:731-754. [PMID: 31710095 DOI: 10.1113/jp278752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS This is the first long-term human clinical trial to report on effects of nicotinamide riboside (NR) on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, content and morphology. NR supplementation decreases nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) protein abundance in skeletal muscle. NR supplementation does not affect NAD metabolite concentrations in skeletal muscle. Respiration, distribution and quantity of muscle mitochondria are unaffected by NR. NAMPT in skeletal muscle correlates positively with oxidative phosphorylation Complex I, sirtuin 3 and succinate dehydrogenase. ABSTRACT Preclinical evidence suggests that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) boosts NAD+ levels and improves diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. We aimed to determine if dietary NR supplementation in middle-aged, obese, insulin-resistant men affects mitochondrial respiration, content and morphology in skeletal muscle. In a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 40 participants received 1000 mg NR or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks. Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected before and after the intervention. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity was determined by high-resolution respirometry on single muscle fibres. Protein abundance and mRNA expression were measured by Western blot and quantitative PCR analyses, respectively, and in a subset of the participants (placebo n = 8; NR n = 8) we quantified mitochondrial fractional area and mitochondrial morphology by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Protein levels of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), an essential NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme in skeletal muscle, decreased by 14% with NR. However, steady-state NAD+ levels as well as gene expression and protein abundance of other NAD+ biosynthetic enzymes remained unchanged. Neither respiratory capacity of skeletal muscle mitochondria nor abundance of mitochondrial associated proteins were affected by NR. Moreover, no changes in mitochondrial fractional area or network morphology were observed. Our data do not support the hypothesis that dietary NR supplementation has significant impact on skeletal muscle mitochondria in obese and insulin-resistant men. Future studies on the effects of NR on human skeletal muscle may include both sexes and potentially provide comparisons between young and older people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ole L Dollerup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Sabina Chubanava
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Agerholm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine D Søndergård
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ali Altıntaş
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas B Møller
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Kasper F Høyer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.,The MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | | | - Gareth G Lavery
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Clara Prats
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
308
|
Abstract
The mammalian kidney relies on abundant mitochondria in the renal tubule to generate sufficient ATP to provide the energy required for constant reclamation of solutes from crude blood filtrate. The highly metabolically active cells of the renal tubule also pair their energetic needs to the regulation of diverse cellular processes, including energy generation, antioxidant responses, autophagy and mitochondrial quality control. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is essential not only for the harvesting of energy from substrates but also for an array of regulatory reactions that determine cellular health. In acute kidney injury (AKI), substantial decreases in the levels of NAD+ impair energy generation and, ultimately, the core kidney function of selective solute transport. Conversely, augmentation of NAD+ may protect the kidney tubule against diverse acute stressors. For example, NAD+ augmentation can ameliorate experimental AKI triggered by ischaemia–reperfusion, toxic injury and systemic inflammation. NAD+-dependent maintenance of renal tubular metabolic health may also attenuate long-term profibrotic responses that could lead to chronic kidney disease. Further understanding of the genetic, environmental and nutritional factors that influence NAD+ biosynthesis and renal resilience may lead to novel approaches for the prevention and treatment of kidney disease. Here, the authors discuss evidence for a role of NAD+ imbalance in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). They suggest that disruption of NAD+ metabolism may contribute to mechanistic links among AKI, CKD and ageing. NAD+ has critical roles in the generation of ATP from fuel substrates and as a substrate for important enzymes that regulate cellular health and stress responses. The renal tubule is highly metabolically active and requires a constant supply of ATP to provide the energy required to pump solutes across unfavourable gradients. Experimental acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by various insults rapidly leads to a decrease in NAD+ levels that probably results from a combination of reduced NAD+ biosynthesis and increased NAD+ consumption. Renal NAD+ levels can be augmented using vitamin B3 analogues and related nutritional precursors. NAD+ augmentation can prevent and/or treat various aetiologies of experimental AKI and might also attenuate long-term profibrotic responses following AKI, suggesting a potential role in the treatment of chronic kidney disease.
Collapse
|
309
|
Sorgdrager FJH, Naudé PJW, Kema IP, Nollen EA, Deyn PPD. Tryptophan Metabolism in Inflammaging: From Biomarker to Therapeutic Target. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2565. [PMID: 31736978 PMCID: PMC6833926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation aims to restore tissue homeostasis after injury or infection. Age-related decline of tissue homeostasis causes a physiological low-grade chronic inflammatory phenotype known as inflammaging that is involved in many age-related diseases. Activation of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism along the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway prevents hyperinflammation and induces long-term immune tolerance. Systemic Trp and Kyn levels change upon aging and in age-related diseases. Moreover, modulation of Trp metabolism can either aggravate or prevent inflammaging-related diseases. In this review, we discuss how age-related Kyn/Trp activation is necessary to control inflammaging and alters the functioning of other metabolic faiths of Trp including Kyn metabolites, microbiota-derived indoles and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). We explore the potential of the Kyn/Trp ratio as a biomarker of inflammaging and discuss how intervening in Trp metabolism might extend health- and lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freek J H Sorgdrager
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Petrus J W Naudé
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ellen A Nollen
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic of Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
310
|
Makarov MV, Harris NW, Rodrigues M, Migaud ME. Scalable syntheses of traceable ribosylated NAD + precursors. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8716-8720. [PMID: 31538639 PMCID: PMC6786760 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01981b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+, is an essential cofactor and substrate for many cellular enzymes. Its sustained intracellular levels have been linked to improved physiological end points in a range of metabolic diseases. Biosynthetic precursors to NAD+ include nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, the ribosylated parents and the phosphorylated form of the ribosylated parents. By combining solvent-assisted mechanochemistry and sealed reaction conditions, access to the ribosylated NAD+ precursors and to the isotopologues of NAD+ precursors was achieved in high yields and levels of purity. The latter is critical as it offers means to better trace biosynthetic pathways to NAD+, investigate the multifaceted roles of the intracellular NAD+ pools, and better exploit NAD+ biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M V Makarov
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, 36604 AL, USA.
| | - N W Harris
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, 36604 AL, USA.
| | - M Rodrigues
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, 36604 AL, USA.
| | - M E Migaud
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, 36604 AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
311
|
Shi W, Hegeman MA, Doncheva A, Bekkenkamp-Grovenstein M, de Boer VCJ, Keijer J. High Dose of Dietary Nicotinamide Riboside Induces Glucose Intolerance and White Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Mice Fed a Mildly Obesogenic Diet. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102439. [PMID: 31614949 PMCID: PMC6835358 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor vitamin. The scarce reports on the adverse effects on metabolic health of supplementation with high-dose NR warrant substantiation. Here, we aimed to examine the physiological responses to high-dose NR supplementation in the context of a mildly obesogenic diet and to substantiate this with molecular data. An 18-week dietary intervention was conducted in male C57BL/6JRccHsd mice, in which a diet with 9000 mg NR per kg diet (high NR) was compared to a diet with NR at the recommended vitamin B3 level (control NR). Both diets were mildly obesogenic (40 en% fat). Metabolic flexibility and glucose tolerance were analyzed and immunoblotting, qRT-PCR and histology of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) were performed. Mice fed with high NR showed a reduced metabolic flexibility, a lower glucose clearance rate and aggravated systemic insulin resistance. This was consistent with molecular and morphological changes in eWAT, including sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-mediated PPARγ (proliferator-activated receptor γ) repression, downregulated AKT/glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) signaling, an increased number of crown-like structures and macrophages, and an upregulation of pro-inflammatory gene markers. In conclusion, high-dose NR induces the onset of WAT dysfunction, which may in part explain the deterioration of metabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbiao Shi
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Maria A Hegeman
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Educational Consultancy & Professional Development, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Atanaska Doncheva
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Vincent C J de Boer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
312
|
Giroud-Gerbetant J, Joffraud M, Giner MP, Cercillieux A, Bartova S, Makarov MV, Zapata-Pérez R, Sánchez-García JL, Houtkooper RH, Migaud ME, Moco S, Canto C. A reduced form of nicotinamide riboside defines a new path for NAD + biosynthesis and acts as an orally bioavailable NAD + precursor. Mol Metab 2019; 30:192-202. [PMID: 31767171 PMCID: PMC6807296 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A decay in intracellular NAD+ levels is one of the hallmarks of physiological decline in normal tissue functions. Accordingly, dietary supplementation with NAD+ precursors can prevent, alleviate, or even reverse multiple metabolic complications and age-related disorders in diverse model organisms. Within the constellation of NAD+ precursors, nicotinamide riboside (NR) has gained attention due to its potent NAD+ biosynthetic effects in vivo while lacking adverse clinical effects. Nevertheless, NR is not stable in circulation, and its utilization is rate-limited by the expression of nicotinamide riboside kinases (NRKs). Therefore, there is a strong interest in identifying new effective NAD+ precursors that can overcome these limitations. METHODS Through a combination of metabolomics and pharmacological approaches, we describe how NRH, a reduced form of NR, serves as a potent NAD+ precursor in mammalian cells and mice. RESULTS NRH acts as a more potent and faster NAD+ precursor than NR in mammalian cells and tissues. Despite the minor structural difference, we found that NRH uses different steps and enzymes to synthesize NAD+, thus revealing a new NRK1-independent pathway for NAD+ synthesis. Finally, we provide evidence that NRH is orally bioavailable in mice and prevents cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. CONCLUSIONS Our data identify a new pathway for NAD+ synthesis and classify NRH as a promising new therapeutic strategy to enhance NAD+ levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Giroud-Gerbetant
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Magali Joffraud
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Pilar Giner
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Angelique Cercillieux
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Simona Bartova
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mikhail V Makarov
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, 36604, Alabama, USA
| | - Rubén Zapata-Pérez
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - José L Sánchez-García
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie E Migaud
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, 36604, Alabama, USA
| | - Sofia Moco
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carles Canto
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
313
|
Dikalov SI, Dikalova AE. Crosstalk Between Mitochondrial Hyperacetylation and Oxidative Stress in Vascular Dysfunction and Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:710-721. [PMID: 30618267 PMCID: PMC6708267 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Vascular dysfunction plays a key role in the development of arteriosclerosis, heart disease, and hypertension, which causes one-third of deaths worldwide. Vascular oxidative stress and metabolic disorders contribute to vascular dysfunction, leading to impaired vasorelaxation, vascular hypertrophy, fibrosis, and aortic stiffening. Mitochondria are critical in the regulation of metabolic and antioxidant functions; therefore, mitochondria-targeted treatments could be beneficial. Recent Advances: Vascular dysfunction is crucial in hypertension pathophysiology and exhibits bidirectional relationship. Metabolic disorders and oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction and hypertension, which are associated with mitochondrial impairment and hyperacetylation. Mitochondrial deacetylase Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) is critical in the regulation of metabolic and antioxidant functions. Clinical studies show that cardiovascular disease risk factors reduce Sirt3 level and Sirt3 declines with age, paralleling the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and hypertension. An imbalance between mitochondrial acetylation and reduced Sirt3 activity contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. We propose that mitochondrial hyperacetylation drives a vicious cycle between metabolic disorders and mitochondrial oxidative stress, promoting vascular dysfunction and hypertension. Critical Issues: The mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction are still obscure in human hypertension. Mitochondrial hyperacetylation and oxidative stress contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction; however, regulation of mitochondrial acetylation, the role of GCN5L1 (acetyl-CoA-binding protein promoting acetyltransferase protein acetylation) acetyltransferase, Sirt3 deacetylase, and acetylation of specific proteins require further investigations. Future Directions: There is an urgent need to define molecular mechanisms and the pathophysiological role of mitochondrial hyperacetylation, identify novel pharmacological targets, and develop therapeutic approaches to reduce this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey I Dikalov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anna E Dikalova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
314
|
Oakey LA, Fletcher RS, Elhassan YS, Cartwright DM, Doig CL, Garten A, Thakker A, Maddocks ODK, Zhang T, Tennant DA, Ludwig C, Lavery GG. Metabolic tracing reveals novel adaptations to skeletal muscle cell energy production pathways in response to NAD + depletion. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 3:147. [PMID: 30607371 PMCID: PMC6305244 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14898.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Skeletal muscle is central to whole body metabolic homeostasis, with age and disease impairing its ability to function appropriately to maintain health. Inadequate NAD + availability is proposed to contribute to pathophysiology by impairing metabolic energy pathway use. Despite the importance of NAD + as a vital redox cofactor in energy production pathways being well-established, the wider impact of disrupted NAD + homeostasis on these pathways is unknown. Methods: We utilised skeletal muscle myotube models to induce NAD + depletion, repletion and excess and conducted metabolic tracing to provide comprehensive and detailed analysis of the consequences of altered NAD + metabolism on central carbon metabolic pathways. We used stable isotope tracers, [1,2-13C] D-glucose and [U- 13C] glutamine, and conducted combined 2D-1H,13C-heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS analysis. Results: NAD + excess driven by nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation within skeletal muscle cells resulted in enhanced nicotinamide clearance, but had no effect on energy homeostasis or central carbon metabolism. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibition induced NAD + depletion and resulted in equilibration of metabolites upstream of glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Aspartate production through glycolysis and TCA cycle activity was increased in response to low NAD +, which was rapidly reversed with repletion of the NAD + pool using NR. NAD + depletion reversibly inhibits cytosolic GAPDH activity, but retains mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, suggesting differential effects of this treatment on sub-cellular pyridine pools. When supplemented, NR efficiently reversed these metabolic consequences. However, the functional relevance of increased aspartate levels after NAD + depletion remains unclear, and requires further investigation. Conclusions: These data highlight the need to consider carbon metabolism and clearance pathways when investigating NAD + precursor usage in models of skeletal muscle physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A. Oakey
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rachel S. Fletcher
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yasir S. Elhassan
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - David M. Cartwright
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Craig L. Doig
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Antje Garten
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alpesh Thakker
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Tong Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Daniel A. Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christian Ludwig
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gareth G. Lavery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
315
|
Hoxhaj G, Ben-Sahra I, Lockwood SE, Timson RC, Byles V, Henning GT, Gao P, Selfors LM, Asara JM, Manning BD. Direct stimulation of NADP + synthesis through Akt-mediated phosphorylation of NAD kinase. Science 2019; 363:1088-1092. [PMID: 30846598 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau3903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) is essential for producing NADPH, the primary cofactor for reductive metabolism. We find that growth factor signaling through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway induces acute synthesis of NADP+ and NADPH. Akt phosphorylates NAD kinase (NADK), the sole cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of NADP+ from NAD+ (the oxidized form of NADH), on three serine residues (Ser44, Ser46, and Ser48) within an amino-terminal domain. This phosphorylation stimulates NADK activity both in cells and directly in vitro, thereby increasing NADP+ production. A rare isoform of NADK (isoform 3) lacking this regulatory region exhibits constitutively increased activity. These data indicate that Akt-mediated phosphorylation of NADK stimulates its activity to increase NADP+ production through relief of an autoinhibitory function inherent to its amino terminus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerta Hoxhaj
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Issam Ben-Sahra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sophie E Lockwood
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca C Timson
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanessa Byles
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Graham T Henning
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura M Selfors
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brendan D Manning
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
316
|
Pham TX, Bae M, Kim MB, Lee Y, Hu S, Kang H, Park YK, Lee JY. Nicotinamide riboside, an NAD+ precursor, attenuates the development of liver fibrosis in a diet-induced mouse model of liver fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2451-2463. [PMID: 31195117 PMCID: PMC6614025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liver fibrosis is part of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) spectrum, which currently has no approved pharmacological treatment. In this study, we investigated whether supplementation of nicotinamide riboside (NR), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor, can reduce the development of liver fibrosis in a diet-induced mouse model of liver fibrosis. METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed a low-fat control (LF), a high-fat/high-sucrose/high-cholesterol control (HF) or a HF diet supplemented with NR at 400 mg/kg/day (HF-NR) for 20 weeks. Features of liver fibrosis were assessed by histological and biochemical analyses. Whole-body energy metabolism was also assessed using indirect calorimetry. Primary mouse and human hepatic stellate cells were used to determine the anti-fibrogenic effects of NR in vitro. RESULTS NR supplementation significantly reduced body weight of mice only 7 weeks after mice were on the supplementation, but did not attenuate serum alanine aminotransferase levels, liver steatosis, or liver inflammation. However, NR markedly reduced collagen accumulation in the liver. RNA-Seq analysis suggested that the expression of genes involved in NAD+ metabolism is altered in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) compared to quiescent HSCs. NR inhibited the activation of HSCs in primary mouse and human HSCs. Indirect calorimetry showed that NR increased energy expenditure, likely by upregulation of β-oxidation in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue. CONCLUSION NR attenuated HSC activation, leading to reduced liver fibrosis in a diet-induced mouse model of liver fibrosis. The data suggest that NR may be developed as a potential preventative for human liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tho X Pham
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Minkyung Bae
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Mi-Bo Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yoojin Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Siqi Hu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Hyunju Kang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
317
|
Brandl L, Zhang Y, Kirstein N, Sendelhofert A, Boos SL, Jung P, Greten F, Rad R, Menssen A. Targeting c-MYC through Interference with NAMPT and SIRT1 and Their Association to Oncogenic Drivers in Murine Serrated Intestinal Tumorigenesis. Neoplasia 2019; 21:974-988. [PMID: 31442917 PMCID: PMC6710297 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently described a positive feedback loop connecting c-MYC, NAMPT, DBC1 and SIRT1 that contributes to unrestricted cancer cell proliferation. Here we determine the relevance of the loop for serrated route intestinal tumorigenesis using genetically well-defined BrafV600E and K-rasG12D mouse models. In both models we show that c-MYC and SIRT1 protein expression increased through progression from hyperplasia to invasive carcinomas and metastases. It correlated with high NAMPT expression and was directly associated to activation of the oncogenic drivers. Assessing functional and molecular consequences of pharmacological interference with factors of the loop, we found that inhibition of NAMPT resulted in apoptosis and reduced clonogenic growth in human BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer cell lines and patient-derived tumoroids. Blocking SIRT1 activity was only effective when combined with a PI3K inhibitor, whereas the latter antagonized the effects of NAMPT inhibition. Interfering with the positive feedback loop was associated with down-regulation of c-MYC and temporary de-repression of TP53, explaining the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. In conclusion we show that the c-MYC-NAMPT-DBC1-SIRT1 positive feedback loop contributes to murine serrated tumor progression. Targeting the feedback loop exerted a unique, dual therapeutic effect of oncoprotein inhibition and tumor suppressor activation. It may therefore represent a promissing target for serrated colorectal cancer, and presumably for other cancer types with deregulated c-MYC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Brandl
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Thalkirchnerstraße 36, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Yina Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Thalkirchnerstraße 36, 80337 Munich, Germany; Research group "Signaling pathways in colorectal cancer"; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), and German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Nina Kirstein
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Thalkirchnerstraße 36, 80337 Munich, Germany; Research group "Signaling pathways in colorectal cancer".
| | - Andrea Sendelhofert
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Thalkirchnerstraße 36, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Sophie Luise Boos
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Thalkirchnerstraße 36, 80337 Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), and German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Peter Jung
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Thalkirchnerstraße 36, 80337 Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), and German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Florian Greten
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany;and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Antje Menssen
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Thalkirchnerstraße 36, 80337 Munich, Germany; Research group "Signaling pathways in colorectal cancer"; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), and German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
318
|
Hopp AK, Grüter P, Hottiger MO. Regulation of Glucose Metabolism by NAD + and ADP-Ribosylation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080890. [PMID: 31412683 PMCID: PMC6721828 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells constantly adapt their metabolic pathways to meet their energy needs and respond to nutrient availability. During the last two decades, it has become increasingly clear that NAD+, a coenzyme in redox reactions, also mediates several ubiquitous cell signaling processes. Protein ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification that uses NAD+ as a substrate and is best known as part of the genotoxic stress response. However, there is increasing evidence that NAD+-dependent ADP-ribosylation regulates other cellular processes, including metabolic pathways. In this review, we will describe the compartmentalized regulation of NAD+ biosynthesis, consumption, and regeneration with a particular focus on the role of ADP-ribosylation in the regulation of glucose metabolism in different cellular compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Hopp
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Grüter
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
319
|
Nicotinamide Metabolism Modulates the Proliferation/Differentiation Balance and Senescence of Human Primary Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1638-1647.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
320
|
Turck D, Castenmiller J, de Henauw S, Hirsch-Ernst KI, Kearney J, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Pelaez C, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Cubadda F, Engel KH, Frenzel T, Heinonen M, Marchelli R, Neuhäuser-Berthold M, Pöting A, Poulsen M, Sanz Y, Schlatter JR, van Loveren Agnès de Sesmaisons-Lecarré H, Germini A, Knutsen HK. Safety of nicotinamide riboside chloride as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 and bioavailability of nicotinamide from this source, in the context of Directive 2002/46/EC. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05775. [PMID: 32626405 PMCID: PMC7009190 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on nicotinamide riboside chloride as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283, including an evaluation of the safety of its use in food supplements as a source of niacin, and the bioavailability of nicotinamide from this source, in the context of Directive 2002/46/EC. The NF, a synthetic form of nicotinamide riboside, is proposed to be used in food supplements for the healthy adult population at levels up to 300 mg/day. The production process, composition, specifications, batch-to-batch variability and stability of the NF do not raise safety concerns. Animal and human data indicate that the NF contributes to the nicotinamide body pool. There are no concerns regarding genotoxicity. Human studies do not raise safety concerns. The proposed maximum use level corresponds to an amount of nicotinamide, which is sixfold lower than the tolerable upper intake level (UL) set for adults, excluding pregnant and lactating women. The margin of exposure (MoE) of 70 derived from repeated dose toxicity studies with rats and dogs is considered sufficient for the adult population, excluding pregnant and lactating women. Regarding these two population groups, the MoE of 76 derived from a developmental toxicity study in rats is considered insufficient in the absence of data which could justify accepting a MoE lower than 100. The Panel concludes that the NF is safe under the proposed conditions of use for the healthy adult population, excluding pregnant and lactating women, and that an intake of the NF up to 230 mg/day is safe for pregnant and lactating women. The Panel also concludes that the NF is a source from which nicotinamide, a form of niacin, is bioavailable.
Collapse
|
321
|
Identification of evolutionary and kinetic drivers of NAD-dependent signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15957-15966. [PMID: 31341085 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902346116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) provides an important link between metabolism and signal transduction and has emerged as central hub between bioenergetics and all major cellular events. NAD-dependent signaling (e.g., by sirtuins and poly-adenosine diphosphate [ADP] ribose polymerases [PARPs]) consumes considerable amounts of NAD. To maintain physiological functions, NAD consumption and biosynthesis need to be carefully balanced. Using extensive phylogenetic analyses, mathematical modeling of NAD metabolism, and experimental verification, we show that the diversification of NAD-dependent signaling in vertebrates depended on 3 critical evolutionary events: 1) the transition of NAD biosynthesis to exclusive usage of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NamPT); 2) the occurrence of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), which diverts nicotinamide (Nam) from recycling into NAD, preventing Nam accumulation and inhibition of NAD-dependent signaling reactions; and 3) structural adaptation of NamPT, providing an unusually high affinity toward Nam, necessary to maintain NAD levels. Our results reveal an unexpected coevolution and kinetic interplay between NNMT and NamPT that enables extensive NAD signaling. This has implications for therapeutic strategies of NAD supplementation and the use of NNMT or NamPT inhibitors in disease treatment.
Collapse
|
322
|
Boosting NAD + with a small molecule that activates NAMPT. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3241. [PMID: 31324777 PMCID: PMC6642140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological strategies that boost intracellular NAD+ are highly coveted for their therapeutic potential. One approach is activation of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) to increase production of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), the predominant NAD+ precursor in mammalian cells. A high-throughput screen for NAMPT activators and hit-to-lead campaign yielded SBI-797812, a compound that is structurally similar to active-site directed NAMPT inhibitors and blocks binding of these inhibitors to NAMPT. SBI-797812 shifts the NAMPT reaction equilibrium towards NMN formation, increases NAMPT affinity for ATP, stabilizes phosphorylated NAMPT at His247, promotes consumption of the pyrophosphate by-product, and blunts feedback inhibition by NAD+. These effects of SBI-797812 turn NAMPT into a “super catalyst” that more efficiently generates NMN. Treatment of cultured cells with SBI-797812 increases intracellular NMN and NAD+. Dosing of mice with SBI-797812 elevates liver NAD+. Small molecule NAMPT activators such as SBI-797812 are a pioneering approach to raise intracellular NAD+ and realize its associated salutary effects. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) catalyzes the rate determining step for NAD+ synthesis and is of interest as a drug target. Here the authors identify and characterize a small molecule NAMPT activator SBI-797812, elucidate its mode of action and show that it increases intracellular NMN and NAD+ levels in cultured cells and elevates liver NAD+ in mice.
Collapse
|
323
|
Dall M, Trammell SAJ, Asping M, Hassing AS, Agerholm M, Vienberg SG, Gillum MP, Larsen S, Treebak JT. Mitochondrial function in liver cells is resistant to perturbations in NAD + salvage capacity. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13304-13326. [PMID: 31320478 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementation with NAD precursors such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) has been shown to enhance mitochondrial function in the liver and to prevent hepatic lipid accumulation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rodents. Hepatocyte-specific knockout of the NAD+-synthesizing enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) reduces liver NAD+ levels, but the metabolic phenotype of Nampt-deficient hepatocytes in mice is unknown. Here, we assessed Nampt's role in maintaining mitochondrial and metabolic functions in the mouse liver. Using the Cre-LoxP system, we generated hepatocyte-specific Nampt knockout (HNKO) mice, having a 50% reduction of liver NAD+ levels. We screened the HNKO mice for signs of metabolic dysfunction following 60% HFD feeding for 20 weeks ± NR supplementation and found that NR increases hepatic NAD+ levels without affecting fat mass or glucose tolerance in HNKO or WT animals. High-resolution respirometry revealed that NR supplementation of the HNKO mice did not increase state III respiration, which was observed in WT mice following NR supplementation. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption and fatty-acid oxidation were unaltered in primary HNKO hepatocytes. Mitochondria isolated from whole-HNKO livers had only a 20% reduction in NAD+, suggesting that the mitochondrial NAD+ pool is less affected by HNKO than the whole-tissue pool. When stimulated with tryptophan in the presence of [15N]glutamine, HNKO hepatocytes had a higher [15N]NAD+ enrichment than WT hepatocytes, indicating that HNKO mice compensate through de novo NAD+ synthesis. We conclude that NAMPT-deficient hepatocytes can maintain substantial NAD+ levels and that the Nampt knockout has only minor consequences for mitochondrial function in the mouse liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten Dall
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samuel A J Trammell
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus Asping
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna S Hassing
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Agerholm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara G Vienberg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew P Gillum
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
324
|
Shi W, Hegeman MA, Doncheva A, van der Stelt I, Bekkenkamp‐Grovenstein M, van Schothorst EM, Brenner C, de Boer VCJ, Keijer J. Transcriptional Response of White Adipose Tissue to Withdrawal of Vitamin B3. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801100. [PMID: 30990964 PMCID: PMC6618275 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Distinct markers for mild vitamin B3 deficiency are lacking. To identify these, the molecular responses of white adipose tissue (WAT) to vitamin B3 withdrawal are examined. METHODS AND RESULTS A dietary intervention is performed in male C57BL/6JRccHsd mice, in which a diet without nicotinamide riboside (NR) is compared to a diet with NR at the recommended vitamin B3 level. Both diets contain low but adequate level of tryptophan. Metabolic flexibility and systemic glucose tolerance are analyzed and global transcriptomics, qRT-PCR, and histology of epididymal WAT (eWAT) are performed. A decreased insulin sensitivity and a shift from carbohydrate to fatty acid oxidation in response to vitamin B3 withdrawal are observed. This is consistent with molecular changes in eWAT, including an activated MEK/ERK signaling, a lowering of glucose utilization markers, and an increase in makers of fatty acid catabolism, possibly related to the consistent lower expression of mitochondrial electron transport complexes. The synthesis pathway of tetrahydropteridine (BH4), an essential cofactor for neurotransmitter synthesis, is transcriptionally activated. Genes marking these processes are technically validated. CONCLUSION The downregulation of Anp32a, Tnk2 and the upregulation of Mapk1, Map2k1, Qdpr, Mthfs, and Mthfsl are proposed as a WAT transcriptional signature marker for mild vitamin B3 deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbiao Shi
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen UniversityPO Box 3386700AHWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Maria A. Hegeman
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen UniversityPO Box 3386700AHWageningenThe Netherlands
- Educational Consultancy & Professional DevelopmentFaculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University3584CSUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Atanaska Doncheva
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen UniversityPO Box 3386700AHWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Inge van der Stelt
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen UniversityPO Box 3386700AHWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Charles Brenner
- Department of BiochemistryCarver College of Medicine, University of IowaIowa CityIA52242USA
| | - Vincent C. J. de Boer
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen UniversityPO Box 3386700AHWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen UniversityPO Box 3386700AHWageningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
325
|
Csiszar A, Tarantini S, Yabluchanskiy A, Balasubramanian P, Kiss T, Farkas E, Baur JA, Ungvari Z. Role of endothelial NAD + deficiency in age-related vascular dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1253-H1266. [PMID: 30875255 PMCID: PMC6620681 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00039.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Age-related alterations in endothelium and the resulting vascular dysfunction critically contribute to a range of pathological conditions associated with old age. To develop therapies rationally that improve vascular health and thereby increase health span and life span in older adults, it will be essential to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to vascular aging. Preclinical studies in model organisms demonstrate that NAD+ availability decreases with age in multiple tissues and that supplemental NAD+ precursors can ameliorate many age-related cellular impairments. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of NAD+-dependent pathways [including the NAD+-using silent information regulator-2-like enzymes and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase enzymes] and the potential consequences of endothelial NAD+ deficiency in vascular aging. The multifaceted vasoprotective effects of treatments that reverse the age-related decline in cellular NAD+ levels, as well as their potential limitations, are discussed. The preventive and therapeutic potential of NAD+ intermediates as effective, clinically relevant interventions in older adults at risk for ischemic heart disease, vascular cognitive impairment, and other common geriatric conditions and diseases that involve vascular pathologies (e.g., sarcopenia, frailty) are critically discussed. We propose that NAD+ precursors [e.g., nicotinamide (Nam) riboside, Nam mononucleotide, niacin] should be considered as critical components of combination therapies to slow the vascular aging process and increase cardiovascular health span.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
- Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Eszter Farkas
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
- Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| |
Collapse
|
326
|
Ringel AE, Tucker SA, Haigis MC. Chemical and Physiological Features of Mitochondrial Acylation. Mol Cell 2019; 72:610-624. [PMID: 30444998 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Growing appreciation of the diversity of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the mitochondria necessitates reevaluation of the roles these modifications play in both health and disease. Compared to the cytosol and nucleus, the mitochondrial proteome is highly acylated, and remodeling of the mitochondrial "acylome" is a key adaptive mechanism that regulates fundamental aspects of mitochondrial biology. It is clear that we need to understand the underlying chemistry that regulates mitochondrial acylation, as well as how chemical properties of the acyl chain impact biological functions. Here, we dissect the sources of PTMs in the mitochondria, review major mitochondrial pathways that control levels of PTMs, and highlight how sirtuin enzymes respond to the bioenergetic state of the cell via NAD+ availability to regulate mitochondrial biology. By providing a framework connecting the chemistry of these modifications, their biochemical consequences, and the pathways that regulate the levels of acyl PTMs, we will gain a deeper understanding of the physiological significance of mitochondrial acylation and its role in mitochondrial adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Ringel
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah A Tucker
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
327
|
Parikh SM. Metabolic Stress Resistance in Acute Kidney Injury: Evidence for a PPAR-Gamma-Coactivator-1 Alpha-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Pathway. Nephron Clin Pract 2019; 143:184-187. [PMID: 31055583 DOI: 10.1159/000500168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is estimated to affect 3-10% of all hospitalized adults in the United States, making it one of the most common inpatient diagnoses. Despite this staggering incidence, most individuals exposed to AKI stressors, such as intravenous radiocontrast or cardiopulmonary bypass, do not develop AKI. In fact, whereas animal models of ischemia, sepsis, or nephrotoxicity suggest near-uniform responses to stressors, the natural history of stressed patients is highly heterogeneous. Recent studies of mitochondrial perturbations underlying experimental and human AKI suggest a conserved metabolic contribution to this variance. The renal tubule is only second to the heart in terms of mitochondrial abundance, reflecting the exquisite need for fuel combustion to generate the energy for active solute transport. The homeostasis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a requisite coenzyme in oxidative metabolism, may be an important determinant of the renal response to AKI stressors. This mini-review highlights recent studies implicating NAD+ dysregulation in experimental and human AKI and summarizes findings from a pilot randomized trial to augment NAD+ among at-risk individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir M Parikh
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
328
|
Chowdhry S, Zanca C, Rajkumar U, Koga T, Diao Y, Raviram R, Liu F, Turner K, Yang H, Brunk E, Bi J, Furnari F, Bafna V, Ren B, Mischel PS. NAD metabolic dependency in cancer is shaped by gene amplification and enhancer remodelling. Nature 2019; 569:570-575. [PMID: 31019297 PMCID: PMC7138021 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Precision oncology hinges on linking tumour genotype with molecularly targeted drugs1; however, targeting the frequently dysregulated metabolic landscape of cancer has proven to be a major challenge2. Here we show that tissue context is the major determinant of dependence on the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolic pathway in cancer. By analysing more than 7,000 tumours and 2,600 matched normal samples of 19 tissue types, coupled with mathematical modelling and extensive in vitro and in vivo analyses, we identify a simple and actionable set of 'rules'. If the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo NAD synthesis, NAPRT, is highly expressed in a normal tissue type, cancers that arise from that tissue will have a high frequency of NAPRT amplification and be completely and irreversibly dependent on NAPRT for survival. By contrast, tumours that arise from normal tissues that do not express NAPRT highly are entirely dependent on the NAD salvage pathway for survival. We identify the previously unknown enhancer that underlies this dependence. Amplification of NAPRT is shown to generate a pharmacologically actionable tumour cell dependence for survival. Dependence on another rate-limiting enzyme of the NAD synthesis pathway, NAMPT, as a result of enhancer remodelling is subject to resistance by NMRK1-dependent synthesis of NAD. These results identify a central role for tissue context in determining the choice of NAD biosynthetic pathway, explain the failure of NAMPT inhibitors, and pave the way for more effective treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Chowdhry
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ciro Zanca
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Utkrisht Rajkumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Koga
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yarui Diao
- Department of Cell Biology, Regeneration Next Initiative, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Deparment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regeneration Next Initiative, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ramya Raviram
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kristen Turner
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Huijun Yang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Brunk
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Junfeng Bi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Frank Furnari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vineet Bafna
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bing Ren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Epigenomics, and Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
329
|
|
330
|
Hara N, Osago H, Hiyoshi M, Kobayashi-Miura M, Tsuchiya M. Quantitative analysis of the effects of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase induction on the rates of NAD+ synthesis and breakdown in mammalian cells using stable isotope-labeling combined with mass spectrometry. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214000. [PMID: 30875389 PMCID: PMC6420012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NAD+ is mainly synthesized from nicotinamide (Nam) by the rate-limiting enzyme Nam phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) and degraded to Nam by NAD+-degrading enzymes in mammals. Numerous studies report that tissue NAD+ levels decrease during aging and age-related diseases and suggest that NAD+ replenishment promotes healthy aging. Although increased expression of Nampt might be a promising intervention for healthy aging, forced expression of Nampt gene, inducing more than 10-fold increases in the enzyme protein level, has been reported to elevate NAD+ levels only 40-60% in mammalian cells. Mechanisms underlying the limited increases in NAD+ levels remain to be determined. Here we show that Nampt is inhibited in cells and that enhanced expression of Nampt activates NAD+ breakdown. Combined with the measurement of each cell's volume, we determined absolute values (μM/h) of the rates of NAD+ synthesis (RS) and breakdown (RB) using a flux assay with a 2H (D)-labeled Nam, together with the absolute NAD+ concentrations in various mammalian cells including primary cultured cardiomyocytes under the physiological conditions and investigated the relations among total cellular Nampt activity, RS, RB, and the NAD+ concentration. NAD+ concentration was maintained within a narrow range (400-700 μM) in the cells. RS was much smaller than the total Nampt activity, indicating that NAD+ synthesis from Nam in the cells is suppressed. Forced expression of Nampt leading to 6-fold increase in total Nampt activity induced only a 1.6-fold increase in cellular NAD+ concentration. Under the conditions, RS increased by 2-fold, while 2-fold increase in RB was also observed. The small increase in cellular NAD+ concentration is likely due to both inhibited increase in the NAD+ synthesis and the activation of its breakdown. Our findings suggest that cellular NAD+ concentrations do not vary dramatically by the physiological fluctuation of Nampt expression and show the tight link between the NAD+ synthesis and its breakdown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobumasa Hara
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Harumi Osago
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Mineyoshi Hiyoshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kobayashi-Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Mikako Tsuchiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
331
|
Hughey CC, James FD, Wang Z, Goelzer M, Wasserman DH. Dysregulated transmethylation leading to hepatocellular carcinoma compromises redox homeostasis and glucose formation. Mol Metab 2019; 23:1-13. [PMID: 30850319 PMCID: PMC6479583 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The loss of liver glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) promotes liver steatosis and the transition to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous work showed endogenous glucose production is reduced in GNMT-null mice with gluconeogenic precursors being used in alternative biosynthetic pathways that utilize methyl donors and are linked to tumorigenesis. This metabolic programming occurs before the appearance of HCC in GNMT-null mice. The metabolic physiology that sustains liver tumor formation in GNMT-null mice is unknown. The studies presented here tested the hypothesis that nutrient flux pivots from glucose production to pathways that incorporate and metabolize methyl groups in GNMT-null mice with HCC. Methods 2H/13C metabolic flux analysis was performed in conscious, unrestrained mice lacking GNMT to quantify glucose formation and associated nutrient fluxes. Molecular analyses of livers from mice lacking GNMT including metabolomic, immunoblotting, and immunochemistry were completed to fully interpret the nutrient fluxes. Results GNMT knockout (KO) mice showed lower blood glucose that was accompanied by a reduction in liver glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. NAD+ was lower and the NAD(P)H-to-NAD(P)+ ratio was higher in livers of KO mice. Indices of NAD+ synthesis and catabolism, pentose phosphate pathway flux, and glutathione synthesis were dysregulated in KO mice. Conclusion Glucose precursor flux away from glucose formation towards pathways that regulate redox status increase in the liver. Moreover, synthesis and scavenging of NAD+ are both impaired resulting in reduced concentrations. This metabolic program blunts an increase in methyl donor availability, however, biosynthetic pathways underlying HCC are activated. Loss of glycine N-methyltransferase results in hepatocellular carcinoma. Metabolic reprogramming ensues to attenuate the increased S-adenosylmethionine. The metabolic changes include dysregulated liver NAD+ homeostasis and redox state. Liver glucose formation is reduced and precursors directed to biosynthetic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Curtis C Hughey
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Freyja D James
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhizhang Wang
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mickael Goelzer
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
332
|
Janssen JJE, Grefte S, Keijer J, de Boer VCJ. Mito-Nuclear Communication by Mitochondrial Metabolites and Its Regulation by B-Vitamins. Front Physiol 2019; 10:78. [PMID: 30809153 PMCID: PMC6379835 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles that control metabolic homeostasis and ATP generation, but also play an important role in other processes, like cell death decisions and immune signaling. Mitochondria produce a diverse array of metabolites that act in the mitochondria itself, but also function as signaling molecules to other parts of the cell. Communication of mitochondria with the nucleus by metabolites that are produced by the mitochondria provides the cells with a dynamic regulatory system that is able to respond to changing metabolic conditions. Dysregulation of the interplay between mitochondrial metabolites and the nucleus has been shown to play a role in disease etiology, such as cancer and type II diabetes. Multiple recent studies emphasize the crucial role of nutritional cofactors in regulating these metabolic networks. Since B-vitamins directly regulate mitochondrial metabolism, understanding the role of B-vitamins in mito-nuclear communication is relevant for therapeutic applications and optimal dietary lifestyle. In this review, we will highlight emerging concepts in mito-nuclear communication and will describe the role of B-vitamins in mitochondrial metabolite-mediated nuclear signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vincent C. J. de Boer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
333
|
Keeping the balance in NAD metabolism. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:119-130. [PMID: 30626706 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Research over the last few decades has extended our understanding of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) from a vital redox carrier to an important signalling molecule that is involved in the regulation of a multitude of fundamental cellular processes. This includes DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, gene expression and calcium signalling, in which NAD is a substrate for several families of regulatory proteins, such as sirtuins and ADP-ribosyltransferases. At the molecular level, NAD-dependent signalling events differ from hydride transfer by cleavage of the dinucleotide into an ADP-ribosyl moiety and nicotinamide. Therefore, non-redox functions of NAD require continuous biosynthesis of the dinucleotide. Maintenance of cellular NAD levels is mainly achieved by nicotinamide salvage, yet a variety of other precursors can be used to sustain cellular NAD levels via different biosynthetic routes. Biosynthesis and consumption of NAD are compartmentalised at the subcellular level, and currently little is known about the generation and role of some of these subcellular NAD pools. Impaired biosynthesis or increased NAD consumption is deleterious and associated with ageing and several pathologies. Insults to neurons lead to depletion of axonal NAD and rapid degeneration, partial rescue can be achieved pharmacologically by administration of specific NAD precursors. Restoring NAD levels by stimulating biosynthesis or through supplementation with precursors also produces beneficial therapeutic effects in several disease models. In this review, we will briefly discuss the most recent achievements and the challenges ahead in this diverse research field.
Collapse
|
334
|
Grozio A, Mills KF, Yoshino J, Bruzzone S, Sociali G, Tokizane K, Lei HC, Cunningham R, Sasaki Y, Migaud ME, Imai SI. Slc12a8 is a nicotinamide mononucleotide transporter. Nat Metab 2019; 1:47-57. [PMID: 31131364 PMCID: PMC6530925 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-018-0009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a biosynthetic precursor of NAD+ known to promote cellular NAD+ production and counteract age-associated pathologies associated with a decline in tissue NAD+ levels. How NMN is taken up into cells has not been entirely clear. Here we show that the Slc12a8 gene encodes a specific NMN transporter. We find that Slc12a8 is highly expressed and regulated by NAD+ in the murine small intestine. Slc12a8 knockdown abrogates the uptake of NMN in vitro and in vivo. We further show that Slc12a8 specifically transports NMN, but not nicotinamide riboside, and that NMN transport depends on the presence of sodium ion. Slc12a8 deficiency significantly decreases NAD+ levels in the jejunum and ileum, which is associated with reduced NMN uptake as traced by doubly labeled isotopic NMN. Finally, we observe that Slc12a8 expression is upregulated in the aged murine ileum, which contributes to the maintenance of ileal NAD+ levels. Our work identifies the first NMN transporter and demonstrates that Slc12a8 has a critical role in regulating intestinal NAD+ metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Grozio
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine,, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kathryn F. Mills
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine,, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jun Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, 1 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Sociali
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, 1 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Kyohei Tokizane
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine,, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hanyue Cecilia Lei
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine,, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Richard Cunningham
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36606, USA
| | - Yo Sasaki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marie E. Migaud
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36606, USA
| | - Shin-ichiro Imai
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine,, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Corresponding author Shin-ichiro Imai, M.D., Ph.D., Professor, Department of Developmental Biology, Department of Medicine (Joint), Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8103, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA, Tel: (314) 362-7228, Fax: (314) 362-7058,
| |
Collapse
|
335
|
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E Wu
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David A Sinclair
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
336
|
Metabolic Signaling into Chromatin Modifications in the Regulation of Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124108. [PMID: 30567372 PMCID: PMC6321258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of cellular metabolism is coordinated through a tissue cross-talk by hormonal control. This leads to the establishment of specific transcriptional gene programs which adapt to environmental stimuli. On the other hand, recent advances suggest that metabolic pathways could directly signal into chromatin modifications and impact on specific gene programs. The key metabolites acetyl-CoA or S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) are examples of important metabolic hubs which play in addition a role in chromatin acetylation and methylation. In this review, we will discuss how intermediary metabolism impacts on transcription regulation and the epigenome with a particular focus in metabolic disorders.
Collapse
|
337
|
The chemistry of the vitamin B3 metabolome. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 47:131-147. [PMID: 30559273 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The functional cofactors derived from vitamin B3 are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), its phosphorylated form, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) and their reduced forms (NAD(P)H). These cofactors, together referred as the NAD(P)(H) pool, are intimately implicated in all essential bioenergetics, anabolic and catabolic pathways in all forms of life. This pool also contributes to post-translational protein modifications and second messenger generation. Since NAD+ seats at the cross-road between cell metabolism and cell signaling, manipulation of NAD+ bioavailability through vitamin B3 supplementation has become a valuable nutritional and therapeutic avenue. Yet, much remains unexplored regarding vitamin B3 metabolism. The present review highlights the chemical diversity of the vitamin B3-derived anabolites and catabolites of NAD+ and offers a chemical perspective on the approaches adopted to identify, modulate and measure the contribution of various precursors to the NAD(P)(H) pool.
Collapse
|
338
|
Parikh SM. Increased synthesis of a coenzyme linked to longevity can combat disease. Nature 2018; 563:332-333. [PMID: 30425355 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-018-07088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
339
|
Minhas PS, Liu L, Moon PK, Joshi AU, Dove C, Mhatre S, Contrepois K, Wang Q, Lee BA, Coronado M, Bernstein D, Snyder MP, Migaud M, Majeti R, Mochly-Rosen D, Rabinowitz JD, Andreasson KI. Macrophage de novo NAD + synthesis specifies immune function in aging and inflammation. Nat Immunol 2018; 20:50-63. [PMID: 30478397 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances highlight a pivotal role for cellular metabolism in programming immune responses. Here, we demonstrate that cell-autonomous generation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) via the kynurenine pathway (KP) regulates macrophage immune function in aging and inflammation. Isotope tracer studies revealed that macrophage NAD+ derives substantially from KP metabolism of tryptophan. Genetic or pharmacological blockade of de novo NAD+ synthesis depleted NAD+, suppressed mitochondrial NAD+-dependent signaling and respiration, and impaired phagocytosis and resolution of inflammation. Innate immune challenge triggered upstream KP activation but paradoxically suppressed cell-autonomous NAD+ synthesis by limiting the conversion of downstream quinolinate to NAD+, a profile recapitulated in aging macrophages. Increasing de novo NAD+ generation in immune-challenged or aged macrophages restored oxidative phosphorylation and homeostatic immune responses. Thus, KP-derived NAD+ operates as a metabolic switch to specify macrophage effector responses. Breakdown of de novo NAD+ synthesis may underlie declining NAD+ levels and rising innate immune dysfunction in aging and age-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paras S Minhas
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Neurosciences Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ling Liu
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Peter K Moon
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amit U Joshi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Dove
- Department of Hematology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Siddhita Mhatre
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Contrepois
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brittany A Lee
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Coronado
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marie Migaud
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Department of Hematology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Katrin I Andreasson
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Stanford Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
340
|
Oakey LA, Fletcher RS, Elhassan YS, Cartwright DM, Doig CL, Garten A, Thakker A, Maddocks ODK, Zhang T, Tennant DA, Ludwig C, Lavery GG. Metabolic tracing reveals novel adaptations to skeletal muscle cell energy production pathways in response to NAD + depletion. Wellcome Open Res 2018; 3:147. [PMID: 30607371 PMCID: PMC6305244 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14898.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Skeletal muscle is central to whole body metabolic homeostasis, with age and disease impairing its ability to function appropriately to maintain health. Inadequate NAD + availability is proposed to contribute to pathophysiology by impairing metabolic energy pathway use. Despite the importance of NAD + as a vital redox cofactor in energy production pathways being well-established, the wider impact of disrupted NAD + homeostasis on these pathways is unknown. Methods: We utilised skeletal muscle myotube models to induce NAD + depletion, repletion and excess and conducted metabolic tracing to provide comprehensive and detailed analysis of the consequences of altered NAD + metabolism on central carbon metabolic pathways. We used stable isotope tracers, [1,2-13C] D-glucose and [U- 13C] glutamine, and conducted combined 2D-1H,13C-heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS analysis. Results: NAD + excess driven by nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation within skeletal muscle cells results in enhanced nicotinamide clearance, but had no effect on energy homeostasis or central carbon metabolism. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibition induced NAD + depletion and resulted in equilibration of metabolites upstream of glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Aspartate production through glycolysis and TCA cycle activity is increased in response to low NAD +, which is rapidly reversed with repletion of the NAD + pool using NR. NAD + depletion reversibly inhibits cytosolic GAPDH activity, but retains mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, suggesting differential effects of this treatment on sub-cellular pyridine pools. When supplemented, NR efficiently reverses these metabolic consequences. However, the functional relevance of increased aspartate levels after NAD + depletion remains unclear, and requires further investigation. Conclusions: These data highlight the need to consider carbon metabolism and clearance pathways when investigating NAD + precursor usage in models of skeletal muscle physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A. Oakey
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rachel S. Fletcher
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yasir S. Elhassan
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - David M. Cartwright
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Craig L. Doig
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Antje Garten
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alpesh Thakker
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Tong Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Daniel A. Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christian Ludwig
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gareth G. Lavery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
341
|
Yaku K, Okabe K, Nakagawa T. NAD metabolism: Implications in aging and longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47:1-17. [PMID: 29883761 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an important co-factor involved in numerous physiological processes, including metabolism, post-translational protein modification, and DNA repair. In living organisms, a careful balance between NAD production and degradation serves to regulate NAD levels. Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated that NAD levels decrease with age, and the deterioration of NAD metabolism promotes several aging-associated diseases, including metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases and various cancers. Conversely, the upregulation of NAD metabolism, including dietary supplementation with NAD precursors, has been shown to prevent the decline of NAD and exhibits beneficial effects against aging and aging-associated diseases. In addition, many studies have demonstrated that genetic and/or nutritional activation of NAD metabolism can extend the lifespan of diverse organisms. Collectively, it is clear that NAD metabolism plays important roles in aging and longevity. In this review, we summarize the basic functions of the enzymes involved in NAD synthesis and degradation, as well as the outcomes of their dysregulation in various aging processes. In addition, a particular focus is given on the role of NAD metabolism in the longevity of various organisms, with a discussion of the remaining obstacles in this research field.
Collapse
|
342
|
Roh E, Park JW, Kang GM, Lee CH, Dugu H, Gil SY, Song DK, Kim HJ, Son GH, Yu R, Kim MS. Exogenous nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide regulates energy metabolism via hypothalamic connexin 43. Metabolism 2018; 88:51-60. [PMID: 30179604 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 is an important regulator of hypothalamic neuronal function. Thus, an adequate hypothalamic NAD content is critical for maintaining normal energy homeostasis. METHODS We investigated whether NAD supplementation increases hypothalamic NAD levels and affects energy metabolism in mice. Furthermore, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the effects of exogenous NAD on central metabolism upon entering the hypothalamus. RESULTS Central and peripheral NAD administration suppressed fasting-induced hyperphagia and weight gain in mice. Extracellular NAD was imported into N1 hypothalamic neuronal cells in a connexin 43-dependent and CD73-independent manner. Consistent with the in vitro data, inhibition of hypothalamic connexin 43 blocked hypothalamic NAD uptake and NAD-induced anorexia. Exogenous NAD suppressed NPY and AgRP transcriptional activity, which was mediated by SIRT1 and FOXO1. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous NAD is effectively transported to the hypothalamus via a connexin 43-dependent mechanism and increases hypothalamic NAD content. Therefore, NAD supplementation is a potential therapeutic method for metabolic disorders characterized by hypothalamic NAD depletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Roh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Myoung Kang
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Dugu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Gil
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyeong Song
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Hoon Son
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Rina Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
343
|
Katsyuba E, Mottis A, Zietak M, De Franco F, van der Velpen V, Gariani K, Ryu D, Cialabrini L, Matilainen O, Liscio P, Giacchè N, Stokar-Regenscheit N, Legouis D, de Seigneux S, Ivanisevic J, Raffaelli N, Schoonjans K, Pellicciari R, Auwerx J. De novo NAD + synthesis enhances mitochondrial function and improves health. Nature 2018; 563:354-359. [PMID: 30356218 PMCID: PMC6448761 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a cosubstrate for several enzymes, including the sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent protein deacylases. Beneficial effects of increased NAD+ levels and sirtuin activation on mitochondrial homeostasis, organismal metabolism and lifespan have been established across species. Here we show that α-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD), the enzyme that limits the proportion of ACMS able to undergo spontaneous cyclisation in the de novo NAD+ synthesis pathway, controls cellular NAD+ levels via an evolutionary conserved mechanism from C. elegans to the mouse. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of ACMSD boosts de novo NAD+ synthesis and SIRT1 activity, ultimately enhancing mitochondrial function. We furthermore characterized a series of potent and selective ACMSD inhibitors, which, given the restricted ACMSD expression in kidney and liver, are of high therapeutic interest to protect these tissues from injury. ACMSD hence is a key modulator of cellular NAD+ levels, sirtuin activity, and mitochondrial homeostasis in kidney and liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Katsyuba
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adrienne Mottis
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marika Zietak
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Vera van der Velpen
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karim Gariani
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Molecular and Integrative Biology Lab, Healthy Aging-Korean Medical Research Center, Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Lucia Cialabrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Olli Matilainen
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Nadine Stokar-Regenscheit
- Histology Core Facility, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Legouis
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties and Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie de Seigneux
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties and Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Service of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Raffaelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
344
|
Cai Y, Liu N, Zhu ZJ. Stable-isotope Labeled Metabolic Analysis in Drosophila melanogaster: From Experimental Setup to Data Analysis. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e3015. [PMID: 34395805 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable-isotope labeled metabolic analysis is an essential methodology to characterize metabolic regulation during biological processes. However, the method using stable-isotope-labeled tracer (e.g., 13C-glucose) in live animal is only beginning to be developed. Here, we contribute a qualitative metabolic labeling experiment protocol in Drosophila melanogaster using stable-isotope-labeled 13C-glucose tracer followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Detailed experimental setup, data acquisition and analysis are provided to facilitate the application of in vivo metabolic labeling analysis that might be applied in a wide range of biological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Cai
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Jiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
345
|
Kourtzidis IA, Dolopikou CF, Tsiftsis AN, Margaritelis NV, Theodorou AA, Zervos IA, Tsantarliotou MP, Veskoukis AS, Vrabas IS, Paschalis V, Kyparos A, Nikolaidis MG. Nicotinamide riboside supplementation dysregulates redox and energy metabolism in rats: Implications for exercise performance. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:1357-1366. [PMID: 30007015 DOI: 10.1113/ep086964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The aim was to investigate the potential metabolic and redox mechanisms that impaired exercise performance after 21 days of supplementation with 300 mg (kg body weight)-1 of nicotinamide riboside in rats. What is the main finding and its importance? Nicotinamide riboside disturbed energy and redox metabolism and impaired exercise performance in heathy rats. Exogenously administered redox agents in heathy populations might lead to adverse effects. ABSTRACT Nicotinamide riboside is a recently discovered form of vitamin B3 that can increase NAD(P) levels. NAD(P) plays key roles in energy metabolism, and its main function is the transfer of electrons in various cellular reactions. Research in aged or diseased mice reported that nicotinamide riboside increases NAD(H) levels, reduces morbidity and improves health and muscle function. We have recently shown that in healthy young rats, chronic administration of nicotinamide riboside marginally non-significantly decreased exercise performance by 35% (P = 0.071). As a follow-up to this finding, we analysed samples from these animals, in an attempt to reveal the potential mechanisms driving this adverse effect, focusing on redox homeostasis and bioenergetics. Thirty-eight Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (n = 10), exercise (n = 9), nicotinamide riboside (n = 10) and exercise plus nicotinamide riboside (n = 9). Nicotinamide riboside was administered for 21 days [300 mg (kg body weight)-1 daily]. At the end of administration, the exercise and the exercise plus nicotinamide riboside groups performed an incremental swimming performance test until exhaustion. Nicotinamide riboside supplementation increased the levels of NADPH in the liver (P = 0.050), increased the levels of F2 -isoprostanes in plasma (P = 0.047), decreased the activity of glutathione peroxidase (P = 0.017), glutathione reductase (P < 0.001) and catalase (P = 0.024) in erythrocytes, increased the level of glycogen in the liver (P < 0.001) and decreased the concentration of glucose (P = 0.016) and maximal lactate accumulation in plasma (P = 0.084). These findings support the prevailing idea that exogenously administered redox agents in heathy populations might lead to adverse effects and not necessarily to beneficial or neutral effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Kourtzidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - C F Dolopikou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - A N Tsiftsis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece.,Intensive Care Unit, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N V Margaritelis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece.,Intensive Care Unit, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A A Theodorou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - I A Zervos
- Department of Animal Structure and Function, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M P Tsantarliotou
- Department of Animal Structure and Function, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A S Veskoukis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - I S Vrabas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - V Paschalis
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.,School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Kyparos
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - M G Nikolaidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
346
|
Sasaki Y. Metabolic aspects of neuronal degeneration: From a NAD + point of view. Neurosci Res 2018; 139:9-20. [PMID: 30006197 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism maintains the life of cells, allowing energy production required for building cellular constituents and maintaining homeostasis under constantly changing external environments. Neuronal cells maintain their structure and function for the entire life of organisms and the loss of neurons, with limited neurogenesis in adults, directly causes loss of complexity in the neuronal networks. The nervous system organizes the neurons by placing cell bodies containing nuclei of similar types of neurons in discrete regions. Accordingly, axons must travel great distances to connect different types of neurons and peripheral organs. The enormous surface area of neurons makes them high-energy demanding to keep their membrane potential. Distal axon survival is dependent on axonal transport that is another energy demanding process. All of these factors make metabolic stress a potential risk factor for neuronal death and neuronal degeneration often associated with metabolic diseases. This review discusses recent findings on metabolic dysregulations under neuronal degeneration and pathways protecting neurons in these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yo Sasaki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, Couch Biomedical Research Building, 4515 McKinley Ave., Saint Louis, MO, 63110, United States
| |
Collapse
|
347
|
Aman Y, Qiu Y, Tao J, Fang EF. Therapeutic potential of boosting NAD+ in aging and age-related diseases. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
|