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Lee HR, Yoo SJ, Kim J, Park CK, Kang SW. Reduction of Oxidative Stress in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Attenuates the Inflammatory Response of Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212411. [PMID: 34830290 PMCID: PMC8624216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The production and oxidation mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are out of balance in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the correlation between ROS and T cell subsets in RA remains unclear. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with RA (n = 40) and healthy controls (n = 10) were isolated from whole blood samples. Synovial tissues (n = 3) and synovial fluid (n = 10) were obtained from patients with RA. The repartition of T cell subsets and expression of ROS and cytokines were examined according to RA severity. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) from patients with RA were stimulated with PBMCs and the expression of inflammation-related molecules were measured by RT-PCR and cytokine array. Regulatory T cells from patients with moderate (5.1 > DAS28 ≥ 3.2) RA showed the highest expression of mitochondrial ROS among the groups based on disease severity. Although ROS levels steadily increased with RA severity, there was a slight decline in severe RA (DAS28 ≥ 5.1) compared with moderate RA. The expression of inflammatory cytokines in RA FLSs were significantly inhibited when FLSs were co-cultured with PBMCs treated with ROS inhibitor. These findings provide a novel approach to suppress inflammatory response of FLSs through ROS regulation in PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Reum Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (H.-R.L.); (S.-J.Y.); (J.K.)
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Yoo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (H.-R.L.); (S.-J.Y.); (J.K.)
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (H.-R.L.); (S.-J.Y.); (J.K.)
| | - Chan Keol Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, 20 Bodeum-7-ro, Sejong 30099, Korea;
| | - Seong Wook Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (H.-R.L.); (S.-J.Y.); (J.K.)
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-338-2428
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302
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Tulyeu J, Søndergaard JN, Sakaguchi S, Wing JB. Isolation and Characterization of Both Human and Mouse Tfh/Tfr Cells. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e283. [PMID: 34748274 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 have a critical role for the control of immune homeostasis. The Treg subgroup T follicular regulatory cells (Tfr) have a specialized function to travel to the B cell follicle and control antibody responses. While Tfr may be identified by their protein or gene expression profiles, the use of in vitro functional assays to determine their suppressive capacity is important to further characterize these cells. Here we present methods for the identification and purification of Tfr from both mice and humans followed by co-culture with B cells and T follicular helper cells (Tfh). The suppressive activity of the Tfr is then assessed by the ability to prevent Tfh-dependent B cell class switching and plasma blast formation measured by flow cytometry and immunoglobulin production in culture supernatants measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These assays will also provide in-depth characterization of the functional suppressive capacity of any isolated Tfr or Treg population. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of murine T follicular regulatory cells Basic Protocol 2: Measurement of murine T follicular regulatory cell suppressive function Basic Protocol 3: Isolation of human T follicular regulatory cells Basic Protocol 4: Measurement of human T follicular regulatory cell suppressive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janyerkye Tulyeu
- Human Immunology Team, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CIDER), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Jonas N Søndergaard
- Human Immunology Team, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CIDER), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - James B Wing
- Human Immunology Team, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CIDER), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory of Human Immunology (Single Cell Immunology), WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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303
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Lamarthée B, Marchal A, Charbonnier S, Blein T, Leon J, Martin E, Rabaux L, Vogt K, Titeux M, Delville M, Vinçon H, Six E, Pallet N, Michonneau D, Anglicheau D, Legendre C, Taupin JL, Nemazanyy I, Sawitzki B, Latour S, Cavazzana M, André I, Zuber J. Transient mTOR inhibition rescues 4-1BB CAR-Tregs from tonic signal-induced dysfunction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6446. [PMID: 34750385 PMCID: PMC8575891 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered regulatory T cells (Tregs) has emerged as a promising strategy to promote immune tolerance. However, in conventional T cells (Tconvs), CAR expression is often associated with tonic signaling, which can induce CAR-T cell dysfunction. The extent and effects of CAR tonic signaling vary greatly according to the expression intensity and intrinsic properties of the CAR. Here, we show that the 4-1BB CSD-associated tonic signal yields a more dramatic effect in CAR-Tregs than in CAR-Tconvs with respect to activation and proliferation. Compared to CD28 CAR-Tregs, 4-1BB CAR-Tregs exhibit decreased lineage stability and reduced in vivo suppressive capacities. Transient exposure of 4-1BB CAR-Tregs to a Treg stabilizing cocktail, including an mTOR inhibitor and vitamin C, during ex vivo expansion sharply improves their in vivo function and expansion after adoptive transfer. This study demonstrates that the negative effects of 4-1BB tonic signaling in Tregs can be mitigated by transient mTOR inhibition.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- CD28 Antigens/metabolism
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/therapy
- HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology
- HLA-A2 Antigen/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Jurkat Cells
- Male
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Sirolimus/pharmacology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/immunology
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Lamarthée
- Laboratoire de lymphohématopoïèse humaine, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Armance Marchal
- Laboratoire de lymphohématopoïèse humaine, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Soëli Charbonnier
- Laboratoire de lymphohématopoïèse humaine, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Tifanie Blein
- Laboratoire de lymphohématopoïèse humaine, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Leon
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Emmanuel Martin
- Lymphocyte activation and susceptibility to EBV, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Lucas Rabaux
- Laboratoire de lymphohématopoïèse humaine, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Katrin Vogt
- Department of Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Titeux
- Maladie génétique cutanée, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Marianne Delville
- Laboratoire de lymphohématopoïèse humaine, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service de Biothérapie et Thérapie Génique Clinique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Vinçon
- Laboratoire de lymphohématopoïèse humaine, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Six
- Laboratoire de lymphohématopoïèse humaine, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Pallet
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
| | | | - Dany Anglicheau
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service de Transplantation rénale adulte, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Legendre
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service de Transplantation rénale adulte, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Taupin
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'immunologie et histocompatibilité, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Nemazanyy
- Plateforme de Métabolique, Structure Fédérative de Recherche, Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS, 3633, Paris, France
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Department of Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvain Latour
- Lymphocyte activation and susceptibility to EBV, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Marina Cavazzana
- Laboratoire de lymphohématopoïèse humaine, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service de Biothérapie et Thérapie Génique Clinique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle André
- Laboratoire de lymphohématopoïèse humaine, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Julien Zuber
- Laboratoire de lymphohématopoïèse humaine, INSERM UMR 1163, IHU IMAGINE, Paris, France.
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.
- Service de Transplantation rénale adulte, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France.
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304
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Ghosh S, Roy K, Rajalingam R, Martin S, Pal C. Cytokines in the generation and function of regulatory T cell subsets in leishmaniasis. Cytokine 2021; 147:155266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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305
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Long Y, Li W, Feng J, Ma Y, Sun Y, Xu L, Song Y, Liu C. Follicular helper and follicular regulatory T cell subset imbalance is associated with higher activated B cells and abnormal autoantibody production in primary anti-phospholipid syndrome patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 206:141-152. [PMID: 34309827 PMCID: PMC8506124 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (pAPS) is a multi-organ autoimmune disease, and autoantibodies are involved in its pathogenesis. Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) and follicular regulatory T cells (Tfr) are critical for B cell maturation and antibody production, but their roles in pAPS remain unknown. We enrolled 32 pAPS patients and 23 healthy controls (HCs) and comprehensively analyzed circulating Tfh and Tfr, as well as their subsets, using flow cytometry. Clinical data including autoantibody levels were collected and their correlations with Tfh and Tfr subsets were analyzed. In addition, correlation analyses between B cell functional subsets and Tfh and Tfr were performed. Changes and potential effects of serum cytokines on Tfr and Tfh were further explored. We found the circulating Tfr was significantly decreased while Tfh and Tfh/Tfr ratios were increased in pAPS patients. Tfh2, inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS)+ programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)+ Tfh and Ki-67+ Tfh percentages were elevated, while CD45RA- forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)hi , Helios+ , T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM (TIGIT)+ and Ki-67+ Tfr percentages were decreased in pAPS patients. New memory B cells and plasmablasts were increased and altered B cell subsets and serum autoantibodies were positively correlated with Tfh, Tfh2, ICOS+ PD-1+ Tfh cells and negatively associated with Tfr, CD45RA- FoxP3hi Tfr and Helios+ Tfr cells. In addition, pAPS with LA/aCL/β2GPI autoantibodies showed lower functional Tfr subsets and higher activated Tfh subsets. Serum interleukin (IL)-4, IL-21, IL-12 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 were up-regulated and associated with Tfh and Tfr subset changes. Our study demonstrates that imbalance of circulating Tfr and Tfh, as well as their functional subsets, is associated with abnormal autoantibody levels in pAPS, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of pAPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Long
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking University People’s HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Wenyi Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking University People’s HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jinghong Feng
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking University People’s HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yinting Ma
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking University People’s HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking University People’s HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Lijuan Xu
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CentreBeijingChina
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking University People’s HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking University People’s HospitalBeijingChina
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306
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Saito T, Kurose K, Kojima T, Funakoshi T, Sato E, Nishikawa H, Nakajima J, Seto Y, Kakimi K, Iida S, Doki Y, Oka M, Ueda R, Wada H. Phase Ib study on the humanized anti-CCR4 antibody, KW-0761, in advanced solid tumors. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2021; 83:827-840. [PMID: 34916725 PMCID: PMC8648528 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.83.4.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tregs infiltrate tumors and inhibit antitumor immunity. KW-0761 (Mogamulizumab) is a humanized anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody that could eliminate activated Tregs with high immunosuppressive activity that express CCR4. In this phase Ib trial, KW-0761 was used as a cancer immunotherapeutic reagent to deplete Tregs in patients with advanced or recurrent solid CCR4-negative tumors. Thirty-nine patients with solid cancer were treated with KW-0761 at a dose of 0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg. The safety, clinical responses, and effects of Treg depletion were analyzed. Any grade and grade 3–4 treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were observed in 36 (92%) and 14 (36%) out of 39 patients, respectively. All treatment-related AEs were manageable. One and 5 patients achieved a partial response and stable disease, respectively, during treatment and were long survivors. The efficient depletion of Treg in peripheral blood was confirmed in both cohorts. Therefore, the administration of KW-0761 was safe, resulting in the depletion of Tregs in peripheral blood and potential immune responses in patients with solid cancer. The combined use of KW-0761 to deplete Tregs and other immunotherapies is a promising approach to augment immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Koji Kurose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takeru Funakoshi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sato
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Science (Medical Research Center), Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo/Kashiwa, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Nakajima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Iida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Mikio Oka
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Ueda
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hisashi Wada
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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307
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Mikami T, Kato I, Wing JB, Ueno H, Tasaka K, Tanaka K, Kubota H, Saida S, Umeda K, Hiramatsu H, Isobe T, Hiwatari M, Okada A, Chiba K, Shiraishi Y, Tanaka H, Miyano S, Arakawa Y, Oshima K, Koh K, Adachi S, Iwaisako K, Ogawa S, Sakaguchi S, Takita J. Alteration of the immune environment in bone marrow from children with recurrent B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:41-52. [PMID: 34716967 PMCID: PMC8748249 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the considerable success of cancer immunotherapy for leukemia, the tumor immune environment has become a focus of intense research; however, there are few reports on the dynamics of the tumor immune environment in leukemia. Here, we analyzed the tumor immune environment in pediatric B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia by analyzing serial bone marrow samples from nine patients with primary and recurrent disease by mass cytometry using 39 immunophenotype markers, and transcriptome analysis. High‐dimensional single‐cell mass cytometry analysis elucidated a dynamic shift of T cells from naïve to effector subsets, and clarified that, during relapse, the tumor immune environment comprised a T helper 1‐polarized immune profile, together with an increased number of effector regulatory T cells. These results were confirmed in a validation cohort using conventional flow cytometry. Furthermore, RNA transcriptome analysis identified the upregulation of immune‐related pathways in B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells during relapse, suggesting interaction with the surrounding environment. In conclusion, a tumor immune environment characterized by a T helper 1‐polarized immune profile, with an increased number of effector regulatory T cells, could contribute to the pathophysiology of recurrent B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This information could contribute to the development of effective immunotherapeutic approaches against B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Mikami
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Itaru Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - James Badger Wing
- Laboratory of Human Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroo Ueno
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiji Tasaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohito Kubota
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Saida
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsutsugu Umeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Hiramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoya Isobe
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Hiwatari
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Okada
- Division of Genome Analysis Platform Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Chiba
- Division of Genome Analysis Platform Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Analysis Platform Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tanaka
- M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Arakawa
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koichi Oshima
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Koh
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Souichi Adachi
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwaisako
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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308
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Development of a novel humanized mouse model for improved evaluation of in vivo anti-cancer effects of anti-PD-1 antibody. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21087. [PMID: 34702924 PMCID: PMC8548333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of cancer in the clinic. Further discovery of novel drugs or therapeutic protocols that enhance efficacy requires reliable animal models that recapitulate human immune responses to ICI treatment in vivo. In this study, we utilized an immunodeficient NOG mouse substrain deficient for mouse FcγR genes, NOG-FcγR−/− mice, to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of nivolumab, an anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibody. After reconstitution of human immune systems by human hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (huNOG-FcγR−/− mice), four different programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive human cancer cell lines were tested. Among them, the growth of three cell lines was strongly suppressed by nivolumab in huNOG-FcγR−/− mice, but not in conventional huNOG mice. Accordingly, immunohistochemistry demonstrated the enhanced infiltration of human T cells into tumor parenchyma in only nivolumab-treated huNOG-FcγR−/− mice. Consistently, the number of human T cells was increased in the spleen in huNOG-FcγR−/− mice by nivolumab but not in huNOG mice. Furthermore, human PD-L1 expression was strongly induced in the spleen of huNOG-FcγR−/− mice. Collectively, our results suggest that the anti-cancer effects of anti-PD-1 antibodies can be detected more clearly in NOG-FcγR−/− mice than in NOG mice.
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309
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Market M, Tennakoon G, Auer RC. Postoperative Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction: The Prime Suspect in the Case of Metastasis Following Curative Cancer Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111378. [PMID: 34768810 PMCID: PMC8583911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection is the foundation for the curative treatment of solid tumors. However, metastatic recurrence due to the difficulty in eradicating micrometastases remain a feared outcome. Paradoxically, despite the beneficial effects of surgical removal of the primary tumor, the physiological stress resulting from surgical trauma serves to promote cancer recurrence and metastasis. The postoperative environment suppresses critical anti-tumor immune effector cells, including Natural Killer (NK) cells. The literature suggests that NK cells are critical mediators in the formation of metastases immediately following surgery. The following review will highlight the mechanisms that promote the formation of micrometastases by directly or indirectly inducing NK cell suppression following surgery. These include tissue hypoxia, neuroendocrine activation, hypercoagulation, the pro-inflammatory phase, and the anti-inflammatory phase. Perioperative therapeutic strategies designed to prevent or reverse NK cell dysfunction will also be examined for their potential to improve cancer outcomes by preventing surgery-induced metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Market
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 8M5, Canada; (M.M.); (G.T.)
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1G 4E3, Canada
| | - Gayashan Tennakoon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 8M5, Canada; (M.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Rebecca C. Auer
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1G 4E3, Canada
- Department of General Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-722-7000
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310
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What Are the Biomarkers for Immunotherapy in SCLC? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011123. [PMID: 34681779 PMCID: PMC8538776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy that exhibits a rapid doubling time, a high growth fraction, and the early development of widespread metastases. The addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors to first-line chemotherapy represents the first significant improvement of systemic therapy in several decades. However, in contrast to its effects on non-SCLC, the advantageous effects of immunotherapy addition are modest in SCLC. In particular, only a small number of SCLC patients benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. Additionally, biomarkers selection is lacking for SCLC, with clinical trials largely focusing on unselected populations. Here, we review the data concerning the major biomarkers for immunotherapy, namely, programmed death ligand 1 expression and tumour mutational burden. Furthermore, we explore other potential biomarkers, including the role of the immune microenvironment in SCLC, the role of genetic alterations, and the potential links between neurological paraneoplastic syndromes, serum anti-neuronal nuclear antibodies, and outcomes in SCLC patients treated with immunotherapy.
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311
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Hann A, Oo YH, Perera MTPR. Regulatory T-Cell Therapy in Liver Transplantation and Chronic Liver Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:719954. [PMID: 34721383 PMCID: PMC8552037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.719954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The constant exposure of the liver to gut derived foreign antigens has resulted in this organ attaining unique immunological characteristics, however it remains susceptible to immune mediated injury. Our understanding of this type of injury, in both the native and transplanted liver, has improved significantly in recent decades. This includes a greater awareness of the tolerance inducing CD4+ CD25+ CD127low T-cell lineage with the transcription factor FoxP3, known as regulatory T-Cells (Tregs). These cells comprise 5-10% of CD4+ T cells and are known to function as an immunological "braking" mechanism, thereby preventing immune mediated tissue damage. Therapies that aim to increase Treg frequency and function have proved beneficial in the setting of both autoimmune diseases and solid organ transplantations. The safety and efficacy of Treg therapy in liver disease is an area of intense research at present and has huge potential. Due to these cells possessing significant plasticity, and the potential for conversion towards a T-helper 1 (Th1) and 17 (Th17) subsets in the hepatic microenvironment, it is pre-requisite to modify the microenvironment to a Treg favourable atmosphere to maintain these cells' function. In addition, implementation of therapies that effectively increase Treg functional activity in the liver may result in the suppression of immune responses and will hinder those that destroy tumour cells. Thus, fine adjustment is crucial to achieve this immunological balance. This review will describe the hepatic microenvironment with relevance to Treg function, and the role these cells have in both native diseased and transplanted livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Hann
- The Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ye H Oo
- The Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Rare Disease (ERN-Rare Liver Centre), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Thamara P R Perera
- The Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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312
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Kos K, de Visser KE. The Multifaceted Role of Regulatory T Cells in Breast Cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2021; 5:291-310. [PMID: 34632244 PMCID: PMC7611782 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-042920-104912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment of breast cancer hosts a dynamic cross talk between diverse players of the immune system. While cytotoxic immune cells are equipped to control tumor growth and metastasis, tumor-corrupted immunosuppressive immune cells strive to impair effective immunity and promote tumor progression. Of these, regulatory T cells (Tregs), the gatekeepers of immune homeostasis, emerge as multifaceted players involved in breast cancer. Intriguingly, clinical observations suggest that blood and intratumoral Tregs can have strong prognostic value, dictated by breast cancer subtype. Accordingly, emerging preclinical evidence shows that Tregs occupy a central role in breast cancer initiation and progression and provide critical support to metastasis formation. Here, Tregs are not only important for immune escape but also promote tumor progression independent of their immune regulatory capacity. Combining insights into Treg biology with advances made across the rapidly growing field of immuno-oncology is expected to set the stage for the design of more effective immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kos
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin E de Visser
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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313
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The Responsiveness of Bee Venom Phospholipase A2 on Regulatory T Cells Correlates with the CD11c +CD206 +Population in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13100717. [PMID: 34679010 PMCID: PMC8539571 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee venom phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2) has been reported to have therapeutic effects such as neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, anti-nociception, anti-cancer properties, caused by increasing regulatory T cells (Tregs). The mechanism of Tregs modulation by bvPLA2 has been demonstrated by binding with the mannose receptor, CD206 in experimental models of several diseases. However, it remains unknown whether this mechanism can also be applied in human blood. In this study, we collected peripheral blood samples from healthy donors and analyzed the percentages of monocyte-derived dendritic cells with CD206 (CD206+ DCs) before expansion, the proportion of Tregs, and the subpopulations after expansion treated with bvPLA2 or PBS using flow cytometry and the correlations among them. The percentage of Tregs tended to be higher in the bvPLA2 group than in the control group. There were significant positive correlations between the CD206 population in hPBMC and the proportions of Tregs treated with bvPLA2, especially in the Treg fold change comparing the increase ratio of Tregs in bvPLA2 and in PBS. These findings indicate that bvPLA2 increased the proportion of Tregs in healthy human peripheral blood and the number of CD206+ DCs could be a predictor of the bvPLA2 response of different individuals.
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314
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Nosaka K, Kusumoto S, Nakano N, Choi I, Yoshimitsu M, Imaizumi Y, Hidaka M, Sasaki H, Makiyama J, Ohtsuka E, Jo T, Ogata M, Ito A, Yonekura K, Tatetsu H, Kato T, Kawakita T, Suehiro Y, Ishitsuka K, Iida S, Matsutani T, Utsunomiya A, Ueda R, Ishida T. Clinical significance of the immunoglobulin G heavy-chain repertoire in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma patients receiving mogamulizumab. Br J Haematol 2021; 196:629-638. [PMID: 34632569 PMCID: PMC9292985 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
‘Monitoring of immune responses following mogamulizumab‐containing treatment in patients with adult T‐cell leukaemia–lymphoma (ATL)’ (MIMOGA) is a multicentre prospective clinical study (UMIN000008696). In the MIMOGA study, we found that a lower percentage of CD2−CD19+ B cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was a significant unfavourable prognostic factor for overall survival (OS). Accordingly, we then analysed the immunoglobulin G (IgG) heavy‐chain repertoire in PBMC by high‐throughput sequencing. Of the 101 patients enrolled in the MIMOGA study, for 81 a sufficient amount of PBMC RNA was available for repertoire sequencing analysis. Peripheral IgG B cells in patients with ATL had a restricted repertoire relative to those in healthy individuals. There was a significant positive correlation between the Shannon–Weaver diversity index (SWDI) for the IgG repertoire and proportions of B cells in the PBMC of the patients. Multivariate analysis identified two variables significantly affecting OS: a higher serum soluble interleukin‐2 receptor level, and a lower SWDI for the IgG repertoire [hazard ratio, 2·124; 95% confidence interval, 1·114–4·049; n = 44]. The present study documents the importance of humoral immune responses in patients receiving mogamulizumab‐containing treatment. Further investigation of strategies to enhance humoral immune responses in patients with ATL is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisato Nosaka
- Cancer Center, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kusumoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Nakano
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ilseung Choi
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Centre Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshimitsu
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshiam, Japan
| | | | - Michihiro Hidaka
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hidenori Sasaki
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hematology, and Infectious Diseases, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junya Makiyama
- Department of Hematology, Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Ohtsuka
- Department of Hematology, Oita Prefectural Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Jo
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masao Ogata
- Department of Hematology, Oita University Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Asahi Ito
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yonekura
- Department of Dermatology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiro Tatetsu
- Department of Hematology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kato
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshiro Kawakita
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Youko Suehiro
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Centre Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Cell, Therapy National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Centre Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishitsuka
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshiam, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Iida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takaji Matsutani
- Osaka laboratory, Repertoire Genesis Incorporation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atae Utsunomiya
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Ueda
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishida
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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315
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Lone AM, Giansanti P, Jørgensen MJ, Gjerga E, Dugourd A, Scholten A, Saez-Rodriguez J, Heck AJR, Taskén K. Systems approach reveals distinct and shared signaling networks of the four PGE 2 receptors in T cells. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabc8579. [PMID: 34609894 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abc8579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Lone
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy and K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Piero Giansanti
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands.,Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Marthe Jøntvedt Jørgensen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy and K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Enio Gjerga
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-Combine), RWTH-Aachen University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aachen 52074, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Aurelien Dugourd
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-Combine), RWTH-Aachen University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aachen 52074, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Arjen Scholten
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-Combine), RWTH-Aachen University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aachen 52074, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy and K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
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316
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Regulatory T-Cells and Multiple Myeloma: Implications in Tumor Immune Biology and Treatment. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194588. [PMID: 34640606 PMCID: PMC8509132 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with both cellular and humoral immune deficiencies and, despite significant advances in treatment, remains an incurable disease. Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) represent a critical subset of CD4 T-cells, characterized by CD4 + CD25+ Forkhead box P3+ (FoxP3+) phenotype, able to control peripheral tolerance and responses to foreign and tumor antigens. Tregs are elevated in various types of cancer, including hematological malignancies; in MM, data regarding Tregs function and numbers and their correlation with survival parameters are controversial. Advances in cancer biology have shown that the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor progression. In MM, the highly immunosuppressive nature of the bone marrow microenvironment has been significantly elucidated in the past decade and it is now well acknowledged that targeting only the tumor clone may not be able to cure MM. Tregs within the tumor microenvironment might play a significant role in the suppression of antitumor immune responses against cancer cells and are considered to predict poor outcome in cancer patients; nonetheless the exact prognostic significance of this cell subpopulation in malignancies is still a matter of debate. In this review, we discuss the role of Tregs as an essential cell population of the MM immune microenvironment.
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317
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Kim MC, Borcherding N, Ahmed KK, Voigt AP, Vishwakarma A, Kolb R, Kluz PN, Pandey G, De U, Drashansky T, Helm EY, Zhang X, Gibson-Corley KN, Klesney-Tait J, Zhu Y, Lu J, Lu J, Huang X, Xiang H, Cheng J, Wang D, Wang Z, Tang J, Hu J, Wang Z, Liu H, Li M, Zhuang H, Avram D, Zhou D, Bacher R, Zheng SG, Wu X, Zakharia Y, Zhang W. CD177 modulates the function and homeostasis of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5764. [PMID: 34599187 PMCID: PMC8486774 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are one of the major immunosuppressive cell types in cancer and a potential target for immunotherapy, but targeting tumor-infiltrating (TI) Treg cells has been challenging. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing of immune cells from renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients, we identify two distinct transcriptional fates for TI Treg cells, Fate-1 and Fate-2. The Fate-1 signature is associated with a poorer prognosis in ccRCC and several other solid cancers. CD177, a cell surface protein normally expressed on neutrophil, is specifically expressed on Fate-1 TI Treg cells in several solid cancer types, but not on other TI or peripheral Treg cells. Mechanistically, blocking CD177 reduces the suppressive activity of Treg cells in vitro, while Treg-specific deletion of Cd177 leads to decreased tumor growth and reduced TI Treg frequency in mice. Our results thus uncover a functional CD177+ TI Treg population that may serve as a target for TI Treg-specific immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- GPI-Linked Proteins/deficiency
- GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Homeostasis
- Humans
- Isoantigens/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/immunology
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/deficiency
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Single-Cell Analysis
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Chul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Kawther K Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Department of Pharmaceutics, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq
| | - Andrew P Voigt
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ajaykumar Vishwakarma
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, IA52242, USA
| | - Ryan Kolb
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Paige N Kluz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Umasankar De
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Theodore Drashansky
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 32610, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Eric Y Helm
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 32610, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fl, 32610, USA
| | - Katherine N Gibson-Corley
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232-2130, USA
| | - Julia Klesney-Tait
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Yuwen Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jinglu Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jinsong Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hongrui Xiang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jinke Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiajia Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhengting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mingjia Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA
| | - Haoyang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA
| | - Dorina Avram
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 32610, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Daohong Zhou
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fl, 32610, USA
| | - Rhonda Bacher
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yousef Zakharia
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232-2130, USA.
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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318
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Wang H, Wang Z, Cao W, Wu Q, Yuan Y, Zhang X. Regulatory T cells in COVID-19. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1545-1553. [PMID: 34631206 PMCID: PMC8460308 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which leads to the disruption of immune system, exacerbated inflammation, and even multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an important subpopulation of T cells that exert immunosuppressive effects. Recent studies have demonstrated that the number of Tregs is significantly reduced in COVID-19 patients, and this reduction may affect COVID-19 patients on several aspects, such as weakening the effect of inflammatory inhibition, causing an imbalance in Treg/Th17 ratio, and increasing the risk of respiratory failure. Treg-targeted therapy may alleviate the symptoms and retard disease progression in COVID-19 patients. This study highlights the recent findings on the involvement of Tregs in the regulation of immune responses to COVID-19, and we hope to provide novel perspectives on the alternative immunotherapeutic strategies for this disease that is currently prevalent worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Wen Cao
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Yujia Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
- Hebei Vascular Homeostasis Key Laboratory for Neurology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
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319
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LI HY, XU JN, SHUAI ZW. Cellular signaling pathways of T cells in giant cell arteritis. J Geriatr Cardiol 2021; 18:768-778. [PMID: 34659383 PMCID: PMC8501386 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a commonly occurring large vacuities characterized by angiopathy of medium and large-sized vessels. GCA granulomatous formation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of GCA. Analysis of T cell lineages and signaling pathways in GCA have revealed the essential role of T cells in the pathology of GCA. T cells are the dominant population present in GCA lesions. CD4+ T cell subtypes that are present include Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, and regulatory T (Treg) cells. CD8 T cells can primarily differentiate into cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes and Treg cells. The instrumental part of GCA is the interplay between dendritic cells, macrophages and endothelial cells, which can result in the vascular injury and the characteristics granulomatous infiltrates formation. During the inflammatory loop of GCA, several signaling pathways have been reported to play an essential role in recruiting, activating and differentiating T cells, including T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-Jagged-Notch signaling and the Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway (JAK-STAT) pathway. In this review, we have focused on the role of T cells and their potential signaling mechanism (s) that are involved in the pathogenesis of GCA. A better understanding of the role of T cells mediated complicated orchestration during the homeostasis and the changes could possibly favor developments of novel treatment strategies against immunological disorders associated with GCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan LI
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Nan XU
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zong-Wen SHUAI
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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320
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Koval H, Lutsenko O, Bondarovych M, Ostankov M, Goltsev A. The Role of Cord Blood in the Regulation of the Cellular and Humoral Link of Immunity in Experimental Atopic Dermatitis. INNOVATIVE BIOSYSTEMS AND BIOENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.20535/ibb.2021.5.3.238976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Atopic dermatitis (AD) as one of the most common diseases of autoimmune genesis in the structure of dermatological practice, is characterized by itching, dryness, thickening of the skin, characteristic rashes. The drugs of choice in the treatment of AD are steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, the development of unwanted side effects is a serious problem attributed to using hormone therapy. The search for effective methods of treating AD is an urgent task of medicine and in particular dermatology. At the same time, there is an obvious need for the participation in the solution of this problem also of specialists-immunologists working in the field of application of cell therapy drugs, acting on various pathogenetic links of the disease. The development of new or optimization of existing methods of treating AD is the urgent task facing them.
Objective. Evaluation of the immunocorrective effect of lyophilized (lHCBL) and cryopreserved human cord blood leucoconcetrate (cHCBL) on a AD model.
Methods. The experiments were carried out on 6-month-old Wistar rats. Upon induction of AD, the inflammation focus was formed on the rat's back (9–10 cm2) by daily rubbing in a 5% alcohol-acetone solution of dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) for 21 days. cHCBL and lHCBL were injected intraperitoneally, 0.5 ml at a dose of 5´106 cells in one day after the final DNCB treatment. The adhesive and phagocytic activity of the cells of the peritoneal cavity, the level of circulating immune complexes, the population and subpopulation of lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, CD4+CD25+), the immunoregulatory index of lymphocytes, the concentration of immunoglobulins in the blood serum were determined.
Results. For AD induced by DNCB, systemic changes in the immune status are characteristic, which is expressed by changes in the parameters of cellular and humoral immunity. The most fundamental changes in cell subpopulations in spleen of rats with AD were revealed: a decrease in the number of total T-lymphocytes and their two main subpopulations (CD4+ and CD8+ cells). Against this background, changes were noted in the monocytic-phagocytic and humoral systems of immunity. The paper shows the effectiveness of the use of cHCBL and lHCBL in the correction of pathological manifestations of experimental AD. On the background of treatment, the features of the immunocorrective effect of each of the drugs were noted. Thus, when assessing intergroup values, a more pronounced increase in T-reg was revealed in rats of the 5th group – 3.9 [3.8; 4.0] versus 3.2 [3.0; 3.3] in the 4th group (P < 0.01); IgA level – 1.6 [1.5; 1.7] versus 1.3 [1.2; 1.4] (P < 0.01).
Conclusions. Thus, lHCBL exhibits immunocorrective activity in the treatment of experimental AD, surpassing in some parameters the activity of сHCBL, which is promising for its use in clinical practice.
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321
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Weerakoon H, Straube J, Lineburg K, Cooper L, Lane S, Smith C, Alabbas S, Begun J, Miles JJ, Hill MM, Lepletier A. Expression of CD49f defines subsets of human regulatory T cells with divergent transcriptional landscape and function that correlate with ulcerative colitis disease activity. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1334. [PMID: 34504692 PMCID: PMC8419695 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Adoptive regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy is being trialled for the treatment of different autoimmune disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In‐depth understanding of the biological variability of Treg in the human blood may be required to improve IBD immune monitoring and treatment strategies. Methods Through a combination of quantitative proteomic, multiparametric flow cytometry, RNA‐sequencing data analysis and functional assays on Treg enriched from the blood of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and healthy controls, we investigated the association between CD49f expression, Treg phenotype and function, and UC disease activity. Results High‐dimensional analysis and filtering defined two distinct subsets of human Treg based on the presence or absence of CD49f with divergent transcriptional landscape and functional activities. CD49f negative (CD49f−) Treg are enriched for functional Treg markers and present significantly increased suppressive capacity. In contrast, CD49fhigh Treg display a pro‐inflammatory Th17‐like phenotype and accumulate in the blood of patients with UC. Dysregulation on CD49f Treg subsets in patients with UC correlate with disease activity. Conclusion Overall, our findings uncover the importance of CD49f expression on Treg in physiological immunity and in pathological autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshi Weerakoon
- Precision and Systems Biomedicine Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston QLD Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia.,Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences Rajarata University of Sri Lanka Saliyapura Sri Lanka
| | - Jasmin Straube
- Gordon and Jessie Gilmour Leukaemia Research Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston QLD Australia
| | - Katie Lineburg
- Translational and Human Immunology Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston QLD Australia
| | - Leanne Cooper
- Gordon and Jessie Gilmour Leukaemia Research Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston QLD Australia
| | - Steven Lane
- Gordon and Jessie Gilmour Leukaemia Research Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston QLD Australia.,School of Medicine University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Corey Smith
- Translational and Human Immunology Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston QLD Australia
| | - Saleh Alabbas
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Research Group Mater Research Institute University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Jakob Begun
- School of Medicine University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia.,Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Research Group Mater Research Institute University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia.,Mater Hospital Brisbane Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - John J Miles
- Human Immunity Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston QLD Australia.,Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics James Cook University Cairns QLD Australia
| | - Michelle M Hill
- Precision and Systems Biomedicine Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston QLD Australia.,Centre for Clinical Research Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Ailin Lepletier
- Human Immunity Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston QLD Australia.,Laboratory of Vaccines for the Developing World Institute for Glycomics Southport QLD Australia
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322
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Hariyanto AD, Permata TBM, Gondhowiardjo SA. Role of CD4 +CD25 +FOXP3 + T Reg cells on tumor immunity. Immunol Med 2021; 45:94-107. [PMID: 34495808 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2021.1975228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Not all T cells are effector cells of the anti-tumor immune system. One of the subpopulations of CD4+ T cells that express CD25+ and the transcription factor FOXP3, known as Regulator T cells (TReg), plays an essential role in maintaining tolerance and immune homeostasis preventing autoimmune diseases, minimalize chronic inflammatory diseases by enlisting various immunoregulatory mechanisms. The balance between effector T cells (Teff) and regulator T cells is crucial in determining the outcome of an immune response. Regarding tumors, activation or expansion of TReg cells reduces anti-tumor immunity. TReg cells inhibit the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and suppress anti-tumor activity in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, TReg cells also promote tumor angiogenesis both directly and indirectly to ensure oxygen and nutrient transport to the tumor. There is accumulating evidence showing a positive result that removing or suppressing TReg cells increases anti-tumor immune response. However, depletion of TReg cells will cause autoimmunity. One strategy to improve or restore tumor immunity is targeted therapy on the dominant effector TReg cells in tumor tissue. Various molecules such as CTLA-4, CD4, CD25, GITR, PD-1, OX40, ICOS are in clinical trials to assess their role in attenuating TReg cells' function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustinus Darmadi Hariyanto
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiotherapy, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tiara Bunga Mayang Permata
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiotherapy, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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323
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Hefazi M, Bolivar-Wagers S, Blazar BR. Regulatory T Cell Therapy of Graft-versus-Host Disease: Advances and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9676. [PMID: 34575843 PMCID: PMC8469916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Immunomodulation using regulatory T cells (Tregs) offers an exciting option to prevent and/or treat GVHD as these cells naturally function to maintain immune homeostasis, can induce tolerance following HSCT, and have a tissue reparative function. Studies to date have established a clinical safety profile for polyclonal Tregs. Functional enhancement through genetic engineering offers the possibility of improved potency, specificity, and persistence. In this review, we provide the most up to date preclinical and clinical data on Treg cell therapy with a particular focus on GVHD. We discuss the different Treg subtypes and highlight the pharmacological and genetic approaches under investigation to enhance the application of Tregs in allo-HSCT. Lastly, we discuss the remaining challenges for optimal clinical translation and provide insights as to future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hefazi
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Sara Bolivar-Wagers
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA;
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA;
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324
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Smolle MA, Herbsthofer L, Granegger B, Goda M, Brcic I, Bergovec M, Scheipl S, Prietl B, Pichler M, Gerger A, Rossmann C, Riedl J, Tomberger M, López-García P, El-Heliebi A, Leithner A, Liegl-Atzwanger B, Szkandera J. T-regulatory cells predict clinical outcome in soft tissue sarcoma patients: a clinico-pathological study. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:717-724. [PMID: 34127811 PMCID: PMC8405702 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are generally considered non-immunogenic, although specific subtypes respond to immunotherapy. Antitumour response within the tumour microenvironment relies on a balance between inhibitory and activating signals for tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). This study analysed TILs and immune checkpoint molecules in STS, and assessed their prognostic impact regarding local recurrence (LR), distant metastasis (DM), and overall survival (OS). METHODS One-hundred and ninety-two surgically treated STS patients (median age: 63.5 years; 103 males [53.6%]) were retrospectively included. Tissue microarrays were constructed, immunohistochemistry for PD-1, PD-L1, FOXP3, CD3, CD4, and CD8 performed, and staining assessed with multispectral imaging. TIL phenotype abundance and immune checkpoint markers were correlated with clinical and outcome parameters (LR, DM, and OS). RESULTS Significant differences between histology and all immune checkpoint markers except for FOXP3+ and CD3-PD-L1+ cell subpopulations were found. Higher levels of PD-L1, PD-1, and any TIL phenotype were found in myxofibrosarcoma as compared to leiomyosarcoma (all p < 0.05). The presence of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was associated with increased LR risk (p = 0.006), irrespective of margins. Other TILs or immune checkpoint markers had no significant impact on outcome parameters. CONCLUSIONS TIL and immune checkpoint marker levels are most abundant in myxofibrosarcoma. High Treg levels are independently associated with increased LR risk, irrespective of margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Smolle
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Laurin Herbsthofer
- grid.499898.dCenter for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Granegger
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mark Goda
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Iva Brcic
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marko Bergovec
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Scheipl
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Prietl
- grid.499898.dCenter for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria ,grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Gerger
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christopher Rossmann
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jakob Riedl
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Tomberger
- grid.499898.dCenter for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Pablo López-García
- grid.499898.dCenter for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Amin El-Heliebi
- grid.499898.dCenter for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria ,grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Leithner
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernadette Liegl-Atzwanger
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Joanna Szkandera
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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325
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Yuan H, Nishikori M, Otsuka Y, Arima H, Kitawaki T, Takaori-Kondo A. The EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat upregulates the expression of CCL17/TARC in B-cell lymphoma and enhances T-cell recruitment. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4604-4616. [PMID: 34449935 PMCID: PMC8586691 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2), tazemetostat, has been developed for the treatment of B‐cell lymphoma, but its mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated. We screened for genes targeted by tazemetostat in eleven B‐cell lymphoma cell lines and found that tazemetostat significantly increased the expression of chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 17 (CCL17)/thymus‐ and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC) in all, which codes for a chemokine that is a hallmark of Hodgkin/Reed‐Sternberg (H/RS) cells in Hodgkin lymphoma. Notably, gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between the genes upregulated by tazemetostat in five follicular lymphoma (FL) cell lines and those reported to be overexpressed in H/RS cells. The CCL17 promoter region was enriched in repressive histone modification H3K27me3, and tazemetostat induced H3K27 demethylation and activated gene transcription. CCL17 protein secretion was also induced by EZH2 inhibition, which was further enhanced by concurrent CpG stimulation. In vitro transwell migration assay demonstrated that CCL17 produced by tazemetostat‐treated B cells enhanced the recruitment of T cells, which had the potential to exert antilymphoma response. Analysis of publicly available human lymphoma databases showed that CCL17 gene expression was inversely correlated with the EZH2 activation signature and significantly paralleled the CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell–rich signature in FL and germinal center B‐cell–like diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. Our findings indicate that tazemetostat can potentially activate antilymphoma response by upregulating CCL17 expression in B‐cell lymphoma cells and promote T‐cell recruitment, which provides a rationale for its combination with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hepei Yuan
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Momoko Nishikori
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Otsuka
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arima
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitawaki
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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326
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Age-Associated Characteristics of CD4+ T-Cell Composition in Patients with Atherosclerosis. IMMUNO 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno1030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. We aimed to analyze the contents of the main CD4+ T-cell subsets in patients with atherosclerosis (AS) depending on age. Methods. Male patients with coronary and/or carotid AS, who are non-smokers, and who are receiving statins were divided into three age groups (I—<55 y.o. (n = 23), II—55–64 y.o. (n = 42), III—≥65 y.o. (n = 46)). Leukocyte phenotyping was performed by direct immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. For intracellular cytokine detection, blood mononuclear cells were pre-activated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin in the presence of an intracellular vesicle transport blocker monensin. Results. The groups did not differ in traditional CVD risk factors and AS severity. The content of CD4+ T-cells was lower in group III and II than in group I. The content of CD4+CD25high Treg was lower in group III than in groups I and II. No differences in the quantities of the primed CD39+CD45RA− and CD278high Treg, CD4+INFγ+ Th1, CD4+IL17+ Th17, and CD4+IL17+INFγ+ Th1/17 were observed. There were negative correlations between the values of CD4+ T-cells, CD4+CD45RA+ T-cells, CD4+CD25high Treg, CD4+CD25highCD45RA+ Treg, and age. Conclusion. In patients with AS, the age-related depletion of naive CD4+ T-cells also extends to the regulatory compartment. This phenomenon should be considered when studying the impact of the immune cells on the progression of AS.
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327
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Liu J, Kuang S, Zheng Y, Liu M, Wang L. Prognostic and predictive significance of the tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2021; 32:99-110. [PMID: 34092607 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of molecular markers that reflect the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME) may be beneficial to predict the prognosis of post-operative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS A total of 100 tissue samples from HCC patients were separately stained by immunohistochemistry to examine the expression levels of CD56, CD8α, CD68, FoxP3, CD31 and pan-Keratin. The prognostic values were analyzed by Cox regression and the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis showed that FoxP3 was the independent factor associated with microvascular invasion (MVI), tumor size and envelop invasion; CD68 was associated with envelope invasion and AFP. Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that CD68 and FoxP3 expression were significantly associated with relapse free survival (RFS) of HCC patients (P< 0.05). The ROC curve indicated that the combination of tumor number, MVI present and CD68 expression yielded a ROC curve area of 82.3% (86.36% specificity, 68.75% sensitivity) to evaluate the prognosis of HCC patients, which was higher than the classifier established by the combination of tumor number and MVI (78.8% probability, 63.64% specificity and 85.42% sensitivity). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that CD68 and FoxP3 are associated with prognosis of HCC patients, and CD68 can be considered as a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibing Liu
- Department of Interventional Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Interventional Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuwen Kuang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Interventional Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yiling Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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328
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Daferera N, Escudero-Hernández C, Nyström S, Jenmalm MC, Hjortswang H, Ignatova S, Ström M, Münch A. Collagenous Colitis Mucosa Is Characterized by an Expansion of Nonsuppressive FoxP3+ T Helper Cells. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1482-1490. [PMID: 33319252 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Increased frequencies of T regulatory (Treg) cells, key players in immune regulation, have been reported in inflammatory bowel diseases, including collagenous colitis (CC). However, traditional Treg identification techniques might have misinterpreted the frequencies of Treg cells in CC. Thus, we investigated the presence of genuine Treg cells in CC. METHODS Treg cells were analyzed in mucosal and peripheral blood samples of CC patients before and during treatment with the corticosteroid drug budesonide and in healthy controls. Samples were analyzed by flow cytometry by classifying CD3+CD4+ cells as activated FoxP3highCD45RA- Treg cells, resting FoxP3dimCD45RA+ Treg cells, and nonsuppressive FoxP3dimCD45RA- T helper cells. Traditional gating strategies that classified Treg cells as CD25highCD127low, FoxP3+CD127low, and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ were also used to facilitate comparison with previous studies. RESULTS Activated and resting Treg cell frequencies did not change in active CC mucosa or peripheral blood and were not affected by budesonide treatment. Instead, nonsuppressive FoxP3dimCD45RA- T helper cells were increased in active CC mucosa, and budesonide helped restore them to normal levels. In contrast, traditional Treg cell gating strategies resulted in increased Treg cell frequencies in active CC mucosa. No alterations were found in peripheral blood samples, independently of patient treatment or gating techniques. CONCLUSION Previously reported increase of Treg cells is a result of incomplete Treg phenotyping, which included nonsuppressive FoxP3dimCD45RA- T helper cells. Because budesonide did not affect Treg percentage, its therapeutic effect in CC might involve alternative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Daferera
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Celia Escudero-Hernández
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht's-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sofia Nyström
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria C Jenmalm
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hjortswang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Simone Ignatova
- Department of Pathology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Ström
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Andreas Münch
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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329
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Xu QF, Peng HP, Lu XR, Hu Y, Xu ZH, Xu JK. Oleanolic acid regulates the Treg/Th17 imbalance in gastric cancer by targeting IL-6 with miR-98-5p. Cytokine 2021; 148:155656. [PMID: 34388475 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) was a type of malignant tumor with a very high fatality rate. Oleanolic acid (OA) was a class of pentacyclic triterpenes which was proved to have anti-cancer activity. While the specific molecular mechanism of OA's role in inhibiting GC was not fully understood. This study aimed to explore how OA played an anti-cancer role in GC. METHODS Expression of miR-98-5p was examined using qPCR, and expression levels of Treg/Th17-related factors were evaluated using qPCR and western blot. Flow cytometry was conducted to assess the proportion of Treg cells and Th17 cells. Besides, dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify that IL-6 was a target of miR-98-5p. RESULTS Downregulation of miR-98-5p and upregulation of Treg/Th17-related factors were observed in GC tissues. What's more, the Treg/Th17 imbalance was found in PBMCs of GC patients. Overexpression of miR-98-5p promoted balance of Treg/Th17 cells via directly targeting IL-6 to downregulate expression of IL-6. Finally, OA could promote balance of Treg/Th17 cells by upregulating expression of miR-98-5p. DISCUSSION All our results proved that OA could promote balance of Treg/Th17 cells in GC by targeting IL-6 with miR-98-5p, indicating a potential drug for treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Fei Xu
- Department of Spleen and Stomach and Hepatology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Hui-Ping Peng
- Department of Spleen and Stomach and Hepatology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xi-Rong Lu
- Department of Spleen and Stomach and Hepatology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Spleen and Stomach and Hepatology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zou-Hua Xu
- Department of Spleen and Stomach and Hepatology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Jin-Kang Xu
- Department of Spleen and Stomach and Hepatology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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330
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Kwon Y, Lee KW, Kim YM, Park H, Jung MK, Choi YJ, Son JK, Hong J, Park SH, Kwon GY, Yoo H, Kim K, Kim SJ, Park JB, Shin EC. Expansion of CD45RA -FOXP3 ++ regulatory T cells is associated with immune tolerance in patients with combined kidney and bone marrow transplantation. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1325. [PMID: 34401148 PMCID: PMC8353318 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Simultaneous transplantation of a solid organ and bone marrow from the same donor is a possible means of achieving transplant tolerance. Here, we attempted to identify biomarkers that indicate transplant tolerance for discontinuation of immunosuppressants in combined kidney and bone marrow transplantation (CKBMT). Methods Conventional kidney transplant (KT) recipients (n = 20) and CKBMT recipients (n = 6) were included in this study. We examined various immunological parameters by flow cytometry using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), including the frequency and phenotype of regulatory T (Treg) cell subpopulations. We also examined the suppressive activity of the Treg cell population in the setting of mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) with or without Treg cell depletion. Results Among six CKBMT recipients, three successfully discontinued immunosuppressants (tolerant group) and three could not (non‐tolerant group). The CD45RA−FOXP3++ Treg cell subpopulation was expanded in CKBMT recipients compared to conventional kidney transplant patients, and this was more obvious in the tolerant group than the non‐tolerant group. In addition, high suppressive activity of the Treg cell population was observed in the tolerant group. The ratio of CD45RA−FOXP3++ Treg cells to CD45RA−FOXP3+ cells indicated good discrimination between the tolerant and non‐tolerant groups. Conclusion Thus, our findings propose a biomarker that can distinguish CKBMT patients who achieve transplant tolerance and are eligible for discontinuation of immunosuppressants and may provide insight into tolerance mechanisms in CKBMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongbeen Kwon
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST) Graduate School Department of Health Sciences & Technology Sungkyunkwan University Seoul Korea.,Transplantation Research Center Samsung Medical Center Samsung Biomedical Research Institute Seoul Korea
| | - Kyo Won Lee
- Transplantation Research Center Samsung Medical Center Samsung Biomedical Research Institute Seoul Korea.,Department of Surgery Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - You Min Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Korea
| | - Hyojun Park
- Transplantation Research Center Samsung Medical Center Samsung Biomedical Research Institute Seoul Korea.,Department of Medicine Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Suwon Korea.,GenNbio Inc. Seoul Korea
| | - Min Kyung Jung
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Korea
| | - Young Joon Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Son
- Transplantation Research Center Samsung Medical Center Samsung Biomedical Research Institute Seoul Korea.,GenNbio Inc. Seoul Korea
| | - JuHee Hong
- Transplantation Research Center Samsung Medical Center Samsung Biomedical Research Institute Seoul Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Korea
| | - Ghee Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Heejin Yoo
- Statistics and Data Center Samsung Medical Center Research Institute for Future Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Kyunga Kim
- Statistics and Data Center Samsung Medical Center Research Institute for Future Medicine Seoul Korea.,Department of Digital Health Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology Sungkyunkwan University Seoul Korea
| | - Sung Joo Kim
- Transplantation Research Center Samsung Medical Center Samsung Biomedical Research Institute Seoul Korea.,Department of Medicine Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Suwon Korea.,GenNbio Inc. Seoul Korea
| | - Jae Berm Park
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST) Graduate School Department of Health Sciences & Technology Sungkyunkwan University Seoul Korea.,Transplantation Research Center Samsung Medical Center Samsung Biomedical Research Institute Seoul Korea.,Department of Surgery Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Korea
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331
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Chen P, Zhao L, Wang H, Zhang L, Zhang W, Zhu J, Yu J, Zhao S, Li W, Sun C, Wu C, He Y, Zhou C. Human leukocyte antigen class II-based immune risk model for recurrence evaluation in stage I-III small cell lung cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002554. [PMID: 34362829 PMCID: PMC8351500 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy has revolutionized therapeutic patterns of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Human leukocyte antigen class II (HLA class II) is related to antitumor immunity. However, the implications of HLA class II in SCLC remain incompletely understood. Materials and methods We investigated the expression patterns of HLA class II on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) by immunohistochemistry staining and its association with clinical parameters, immune markers, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in 102 patients with stage I–III SCLC with radical surgery. Additionally, an HLA class II-based immune risk model was established by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. With bioinformatics methods, we investigated HLA class II-related enrichment pathways and immune infiltration landscape in SCLC. Results HLA class II on tumor cells and TILs was positively expressed in 9 (8.8%) and 45 (44.1%) patients with SCLC, respectively. HLA class II on TILs was negatively associated with lymph node metastasis and positively correlated with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on TILs (p<0.001) and multiple immune markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3; p<0.001). Lymph node metastasis (OR 0.314, 95% CI 0.118 to 0.838, p=0.021) and PD-L1 on TILs (OR 3.233, 95% CI 1.051 to 9.95, p=0.041) were independent predictive factors of HLA class II on TILs. HLA class II positivity on TILs prompted a longer RFS (40.2 months, 95% CI 31.7 to 48.7 vs 28.8 months, 95% CI 21.4 to 36.3, p=0.014). HLA class II on TILs, PD-L1 on TILs, CD4, and FOXP3 were enrolled in the immune risk model, which categorized patients into high-risk and low-risk groups and had better power for predicting the recurrence than tumor stage. Pathway enrichment analyses showed that patients with high HLA class II expression demonstrated signatures of transmembrane transportation, channel activity, and neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction. High-risk SCLC patients had a higher proportion of T follicular helper cells (p=0.034) and a lower proportion of activated memory CD4-positive T cells (p=0.040) and resting dendritic cells (p=0.045) versus low-risk patients. Conclusions HLA class II plays a crucial role in tumor immune microenvironment and recurrence prediction. This work demonstrates the prognostic and clinical values of HLA class II in patients with SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lishu Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China.,Department of Oncology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chenglong Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China .,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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332
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Insights into the biology and therapeutic implications of TNF and regulatory T cells. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:487-504. [PMID: 34226727 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatments that block tumour necrosis factor (TNF) have major beneficial effects in several autoimmune and rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. However, some patients do not respond to TNF inhibitor treatment and rare occurrences of paradoxical disease exacerbation have been reported. These limitations on the clinical efficacy of TNF inhibitors can be explained by the differences between TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNFR2 signalling and by the diverse effects of TNF on multiple immune cells, including FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. This basic knowledge sheds light on the consequences of TNF inhibitor therapies on regulatory T cells in treated patients and on the limitations of such treatment in the control of diseases with an autoimmune component. Accordingly, the next generation of drugs targeting TNF is likely to be based on agents that selectively block the binding of TNF to TNFR1 and on TNFR2 agonists. These approaches could improve the treatment of rheumatic diseases in the future.
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333
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Alexander KL, Zhao Q, Reif M, Rosenberg AF, Mannon PJ, Duck LW, Elson CO. Human Microbiota Flagellins Drive Adaptive Immune Responses in Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:522-535.e6. [PMID: 33844987 PMCID: PMC8489510 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are characterized by dysregulated adaptive immune responses to the microbiota in genetically susceptible individuals, but the specificity of these responses remains largely undefined. Therefore, we developed a microbiota antigen microarray to characterize microbial antibody reactivity, particularly to human-derived microbiota flagellins, in inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS Sera from healthy volunteers (n = 87) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and from patients recruited from the Kirklin Clinic of University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, including patients with Crohn's disease (n = 152) and ulcerative colitis (n = 170), were individually probed against microbiota bacterial flagellins of both mouse and human origin and analyzed for IgG and IgA antibody responses. Circulating flagellin-reactive T effector (CD4+CD154+) and T regulatory (CD4+CD137+) cells were isolated and evaluated in selected patients. Resulting adaptive immune responses were compared with corresponding clinical data to determine relevancy to disease behavior. RESULTS We show that patients with IBD express selective patterns of antibody reactivity to microbiota flagellins. Patients with Crohn's disease, but not patients with ulcerative colitis, display augmented serum IgG to human ileal-localized Lachnospiraceae flagellins, with a subset of patients having high responses to more than 10 flagellins. Elevated responses to CBir1, a mouse Lachnospiraceae flagellin used clinically to diagnose CD, correlated with multi-Lachnospiraceae flagellin reactivity. In this subset of patients with CD, multi-flagellin reactivity was associated with elevated flagellin-specific CD154+CD45RA- T memory cells, a reduced ratio of flagellin-reactive CD4+ T regulatory to T effector cells, and a high frequency of disease complications. CONCLUSIONS Patients with Crohn's disease display strong adaptive immune response to human-derived Lachnospiraceae flagellins, which may be targeted for prognosis and future personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Alexander
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Meagan Reif
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Alexander F. Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama,Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Peter J. Mannon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Medical
Service, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lennard Wayne Duck
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Charles O. Elson
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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334
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Hippen KL, Furlan SN, Roychoudhuri R, Wang E, Zhang Y, Osborn MJ, Merkel SC, Hani S, MacMillan ML, Cichocki F, Miller JS, Wagner JE, Restifo NP, Kean LS, Blazar BR. Multiply restimulated human thymic regulatory T cells express distinct signature regulatory T-cell transcription factors without evidence of exhaustion. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:704-714. [PMID: 33893050 PMCID: PMC9275118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.02.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Adoptive transfer of suppressive CD4+CD25+ thymic regulatory T cells (tTregs) can control auto- and alloimmune responses but typically requires in vitro expansion to reach the target cell number for efficacy. Although the adoptive transfer of expanded tTregs purified from umbilical cord blood ameliorates graft-versus-host disease in patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for lymphohematopoietic malignancy, individual Treg products of 100 × 106 cells/kg are manufactured over an extended 19-day time period using a process that yields variable products and is both laborious and costly. These limitations could be overcome with the availability of 'off the shelf' Treg. RESULTS Previously, the authors reported a repetitive restimulation expansion protocol that maintains Treg phenotype (CD4+25++127-Foxp3+), potentially providing hundreds to thousands of patient infusions. However, repetitive stimulation of effector T cells induces a well-defined program of exhaustion that leads to reduced T-cell survival and function. Unexpectedly, the authors found that multiply stimulated human tTregs do not develop an exhaustion signature and instead maintain their Treg gene expression pattern. The authors also found that tTregs expanded with one or two rounds of stimulation and tTregs expanded with three or five rounds of stimulation preferentially express distinct subsets of a group of five transcription factors that lock in Treg Foxp3expression, Treg stability and suppressor function. Multiply restimulated Tregs also had increased transcripts characteristic of T follicular regulatory cells, a Treg subset. DISCUSSION These data demonstrate that repetitively expanded human tTregs have a Treg-locking transcription factor with stable FoxP3 and without the classical T-cell exhaustion gene expression profile-desirable properties that support the possibility of off-the-shelf Treg therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli L Hippen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Scott N Furlan
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rahul Roychoudhuri
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ena Wang
- Translational Oncology, Allogene Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yigang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark J Osborn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sarah C Merkel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sophia Hani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Margaret L MacMillan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Frank Cichocki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John E Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nicholas P Restifo
- Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Leslie S Kean
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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335
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Lam AJ, Lin DTS, Gillies JK, Uday P, Pesenacker AM, Kobor MS, Levings MK. Optimized CRISPR-mediated gene knockin reveals FOXP3-independent maintenance of human Treg identity. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109494. [PMID: 34348163 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy is a promising curative approach for a variety of immune-mediated conditions. CRISPR-based genome editing allows precise insertion of transgenes through homology-directed repair, but its use in human Tregs has been limited. We report an optimized protocol for CRISPR-mediated gene knockin in human Tregs with high-yield expansion. To establish a benchmark of human Treg dysfunction, we target the master transcription factor FOXP3 in naive and memory Tregs. Although FOXP3-ablated Tregs upregulate cytokine expression, effects on suppressive capacity in vitro manifest slowly and primarily in memory Tregs. Moreover, FOXP3-ablated Tregs retain their characteristic protein, transcriptional, and DNA methylation profile. Instead, FOXP3 maintains DNA methylation at regions enriched for AP-1 binding sites. Thus, although FOXP3 is important for human Treg development, it has a limited role in maintaining mature Treg identity. Optimized gene knockin with human Tregs will enable mechanistic studies and the development of tailored, next-generation Treg cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery J Lam
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - David T S Lin
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Jana K Gillies
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Prakruti Uday
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Anne M Pesenacker
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Megan K Levings
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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336
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Nishikawa H, Koyama S. Mechanisms of regulatory T cell infiltration in tumors: implications for innovative immune precision therapies. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002591. [PMID: 34330764 PMCID: PMC8327843 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
With the broad application of cancer immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors in multiple cancer types, the immunological landscape in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has become enormously important for determining the optimal cancer treatment. Tumors can be immunologically divided into two categories: inflamed and non-inflamed based on the extent of immune cell infiltration and their activation status. In general, immunotherapies are preferable for the inflamed tumors than for non-inflamed tumors. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), an immunosuppressive subset of CD4+ T cells, play an essential role in maintaining self-tolerance and immunological homeostasis. In tumor immunity, Tregs compromise immune surveillance against cancer in healthy individuals and impair the antitumor immune response in tumor-bearing hosts. Tregs, therefore, accelerate immune evasion by tumor cells, leading to tumor development and progression in various types of cancer. Therefore, Tregs are considered to be a crucial therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. Abundant Tregs are observed in the TME in many types of cancer, both in inflamed and non-inflamed tumors. Diverse mechanisms of Treg accumulation, activation, and survival in the TME have been uncovered for different tumor types, indicating the importance of understanding the mechanism of Treg infiltration in each patient when selecting the optimal Treg-targeted therapy. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of mechanisms leading to Treg abundance in the TME to optimize Treg-targeted therapy. Furthermore, in addition to the conventional strategies targeting cell surface molecules predominantly expressed by Tregs, reagents targeting molecules and signaling pathways specifically employed by Tregs for infiltration, activation, and survival in each tumor type are illustrated as novel Treg-targeted therapies. The effectiveness of immune precision therapy depends on conditions in the TME of each cancer patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo/Chiba, Japan .,Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shohei Koyama
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo/Chiba, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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337
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Dart SJ, Cook AM, Millward MJ, McDonnell AM, Chin WL, Hakeem MU, Meniawy TM, Bowyer SE. Changes in expression of PD-L1 on peripheral T cells in patients with melanoma and lung cancer treated with PD-1 inhibitors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15312. [PMID: 34321489 PMCID: PMC8319434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cancer immunology have increased the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical practice, however not all patients respond, and treatment can have severe side-effects. Blood-based immunological biomarkers are an attractive method for predicting which patients will respond to therapy, however, reliable biomarkers for immune checkpoint blockade are lacking. This study aimed to identify patients before or early in treatment who would best respond to PD-1 inhibitors. We hypothesised that higher baseline PD-L1 and/or PD-1 on peripheral blood T cells could predict radiological response to PD-1 inhibitors. This pilot prospective cohort study assessed 26 patients with melanoma or non-small cell lung cancer, treated with pembrolizumab, nivolumab, or nivolumab/ipilimumab combined. Response was assessed by RECIST 1.1. Peripheral blood lymphocytes collected at baseline, after one cycle, 10 weeks and at discontinuation of therapy were analysed by flow cytometry. Patients with a higher proportion of PD-L1+ T cells at baseline had improved objective response to PD-1 inhibitor therapy, and patients with a lower proportion of regulatory T cells at baseline experienced more immune-related adverse events. These findings may prove useful to assist in clinical decision making. Further studies with larger cohorts are required to validate these findings.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/biosynthesis
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Ipilimumab/administration & dosage
- Ipilimumab/adverse effects
- Ipilimumab/pharmacology
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Male
- Melanoma/drug therapy
- Melanoma/metabolism
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Nivolumab/administration & dosage
- Nivolumab/adverse effects
- Nivolumab/pharmacology
- Nivolumab/therapeutic use
- Pilot Projects
- Progression-Free Survival
- Prospective Studies
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Dart
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alistair M Cook
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Perth, WA, Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Michael J Millward
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alison M McDonnell
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wee L Chin
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Muhammad U Hakeem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tarek M Meniawy
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Samantha E Bowyer
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.
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338
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Dixon ML, Leavenworth JD, Leavenworth JW. Lineage Reprogramming of Effector Regulatory T Cells in Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:717421. [PMID: 34394124 PMCID: PMC8355732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.717421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are important for maintaining self-tolerance and tissue homeostasis. The functional plasticity of Tregs is a key feature of this lineage, as it allows them to adapt to different microenvironments, adopt transcriptional programs reflective of their environments and tailor their suppressive capacity in a context-dependent fashion. Tregs, particularly effector Tregs (eTregs), are abundant in many types of tumors. However, the functional and transcriptional plasticity of eTregs in tumors remain largely to be explored. Although depletion or inhibition of systemic Tregs can enhance anti-tumor responses, autoimmune sequelae have diminished the enthusiasm for such approaches. A more effective approach should specifically target intratumoral Tregs or subvert local Treg-mediated suppression. This mini-review will discuss the reported mechanisms by which the stability and suppressive function of tumoral Tregs are modulated, with the focus on eTregs and a subset of eTregs, follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells, and how to harness this knowledge for the future development of new effective cancer immunotherapies that selectively target the tumor local response while sparing the systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Dixon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jonathan D Leavenworth
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jianmei W Leavenworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,The O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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339
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PIP4Ks impact on PI3K, FOXP3, and UHRF1 signaling and modulate human regulatory T cell proliferation and immunosuppressive activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2010053118. [PMID: 34312224 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010053118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play fundamental roles in maintaining peripheral tolerance to prevent autoimmunity and limit legitimate immune responses, a feature hijacked in tumor microenvironments in which the recruitment of Tregs often extinguishes immune surveillance through suppression of T-effector cell signaling and tumor cell killing. The pharmacological tuning of Treg activity without impacting on T conventional (Tconv) cell activity would likely be beneficial in the treatment of various human pathologies. PIP4K2A, 2B, and 2C constitute a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate PtdIns5P to PtdIns(4,5)P 2 They are involved in stress signaling, act as synthetic lethal targets in p53-null tumors, and in mice, the loss of PIP4K2C leads to late onset hyperinflammation. Accordingly, a human single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) near the PIP4K2C gene is linked with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. How PIP4Ks impact on human T cell signaling is not known. Using ex vivo human primary T cells, we found that PIP4K activity is required for Treg cell signaling and immunosuppressive activity. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of PIP4K in Tregs reduces signaling through the PI3K, mTORC1/S6, and MAPK pathways, impairs cell proliferation, and increases activation-induced cell death while sparing Tconv. PIP4K and PI3K signaling regulate the expression of the Treg master transcriptional activator FOXP3 and the epigenetic signaling protein Ubiquitin-like containing PHD and RING finger domains 1 (UHRF1). Our studies suggest that the pharmacological inhibition of PIP4K can reprogram human Treg identity while leaving Tconv cell signaling and T-helper differentiation to largely intact potentially enhancing overall immunological activity.
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340
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Li W, Gong M, Park YP, Elshikha AS, Choi SC, Brown J, Kanda N, Yeh WI, Peters L, Titov AA, Teng X, Brusko TM, Morel L. Lupus susceptibility gene Esrrg modulates regulatory T cells through mitochondrial metabolism. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e143540. [PMID: 34156979 PMCID: PMC8410062 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor γ (Esrrg) is a murine lupus susceptibility gene associated with T cell activation. Here, we report that Esrrg controls Tregs through mitochondria homeostasis. Esrrg deficiency impaired the maintenance and function of Tregs, leading to global T cell activation and autoimmunity in aged mice. Further, Esrrg-deficient Tregs presented an impaired differentiation into follicular Tregs that enhanced follicular helper T cells' responses. Mechanistically, Esrrg-deficient Tregs presented with dysregulated mitochondria with decreased oxygen consumption as well as ATP and NAD+ production. In addition, Esrrg-deficient Tregs exhibited decreased phosphatidylinositol and TGF-β signaling pathways and increased mTOR complex 1 activation. We found that the expression of human ESRRG, which is high in Tregs, was lower in CD4+ T cells from patients with lupus than in healthy controls. Finally, knocking down ESRRG in Jurkat T cells decreased their metabolism. Together, our results reveal a critical role of Esrrg in the maintenance and metabolism of Tregs, which may provide a genetic link between lupus pathogenesis and mitochondrial dysfunction in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Minghao Gong
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yuk Pheel Park
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ahmed S Elshikha
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Seung-Chul Choi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Josephine Brown
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nathalie Kanda
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Wen-I Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Leeana Peters
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Anton A Titov
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Xiangyu Teng
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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341
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Immunohistochemical Expression of FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells in Proteinuric Primary Glomerulopathies. Int J Nephrol 2021; 2021:9961713. [PMID: 34336285 PMCID: PMC8289604 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9961713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXP3+ regulatory T-cell (Tregs) detection in renal allograft biopsies has been associated with a less intense immune response. Data about FOXP3+ Tregs' presence and role in primary glomerulopathies of native kidneys are minimal. We comparatively studied the immunohistochemical expression of FOXP3+ Tregs, CD4+ and CD3+ T cells in IgA nephropathy (IgAN), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and membranous glomerulopathy (MGN). We retrospectively reviewed 71 renal biopsies (28 from patients with IgAN, 22 from patients with FSGS and 21 from patients with MGN) performed with proteinuria as the main indication. FOXP3+ Tregs and CD4+ and CD3+ T cells in inflammatory cell infiltrates of the interstitial tissue and periglomerular space were automatically counted using image analysis software. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were applied for statistical analysis. Nuclear FOXP3+ immunohistochemical expression was observed in T cells in 64% of IgAN cases, 77% of FSGS cases, and 76% of MGN cases (p > 0.05). Absolute FOXP3+ Tregs count in the interstitial tissue was higher in patients without arteriolar hyalinosis than in those with arteriolar hyalinosis (1.814 ± 2.160 vs. 831 ± 696; p = 0.029). In patients with a high FOXP3+/CD4+ ratio in the interstitial tissue, the odds ratio for CKD-EPI eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 at biopsy was 4.80 (95% CI: 1.29-17.91; p = 0.019). FOXP3+ Tregs intrarenal infiltration in primary glomerulopathies is common. FOXP3+ Tregs' increased expression may be associated with milder histological lesions. High FOXP3+/CD4+ ratio in the interstitial tissue may have prognostic significance for renal function preservation.
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342
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Jones M, Nankervis B, Roballo KS, Pham H, Bushman J, Coeshott C. A Comparison of Automated Perfusion- and Manual Diffusion-Based Human Regulatory T Cell Expansion and Functionality Using a Soluble Activator Complex. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720923578. [PMID: 32662685 PMCID: PMC7586259 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720923578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Absence or reduced frequency of human regulatory T cells (Tregs) can limit the control of inflammatory responses, autoimmunity, and the success of transplant engraftment. Clinical studies indicate that use of Tregs as immunotherapeutics would require billions of cells per dose. The Quantum® Cell Expansion System (Quantum system) is a hollow-fiber bioreactor that has previously been used to grow billions of functional T cells in a short timeframe, 8–9 d. Here we evaluated expansion of selected Tregs in the Quantum system using a soluble activator to compare the effects of automated perfusion with manual diffusion-based culture in flasks. Treg CD4+CD25+ cells from three healthy donors, isolated via column-free immunomagnetic negative/positive selection, were grown under static conditions and subsequently seeded into Quantum system bioreactors and into T225 control flasks in an identical culture volume of PRIME-XV XSFM medium with interleukin-2, for a 9-d expansion using a soluble anti-CD3/CD28/CD2 monoclonal antibody activator complex. Treg harvests from three parallel expansions produced a mean of 3.95 × 108 (range 1.92 × 108 to 5.58 × 108) Tregs in flasks (mean viability 71.3%) versus 7.00 × 109 (range 3.57 × 109 to 13.00 × 109) Tregs in the Quantum system (mean viability 91.8%), demonstrating a mean 17.7-fold increase in Treg yield for the Quantum system over that obtained in flasks. The two culture processes gave rise to cells with a memory Treg CD4+CD25+FoxP3+CD45RO+ phenotype of 93.7% for flasks versus 97.7% for the Quantum system. Tregs from the Quantum system demonstrated an 8-fold greater interleukin-10 stimulation index than cells from flask culture following restimulation. Quantum system–expanded Tregs proliferated, maintained their antigenic phenotype, and suppressed effector immune cells after cryopreservation. We conclude that an automated perfusion bioreactor can support the scale-up expansion of functional Tregs more efficiently than diffusion-based flask culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huong Pham
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Jared Bushman
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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343
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Liu X, Chen Y, Zhang S, Dong L. Gut microbiota-mediated immunomodulation in tumor. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:221. [PMID: 34217349 PMCID: PMC8254267 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor immunity consists of various types of cells, which serve an important role in antitumor therapy. The gastrointestinal tract is colonized by trillions of microorganisms, which form the gut microbiota. In addition to pathogen defense and maintaining the intestinal ecosystem, gut microbiota also plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes. Recently, the association between these symbionts and cancer, ranging from oncogenesis and cancer progression to resistance or sensitivity to antitumor therapies, has attracted much attention. Metagenome analysis revealed a significant difference between the gut microbial composition of cancer patients and healthy individuals. Moreover, modulation of microbiome could improve therapeutic response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). These findings suggest that microbiome is involved in cancer pathogenesis and progression through regulation of tumor immunosurveillance, although the exact mechanisms remain largely unknown. This review focuses on the interaction between the microbiome and tumor immunity, with in-depth discussion regarding the therapeutic potential of modulating gut microbiota in ICIs. Further investigations are warranted before gut microbiota can be introduced into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Zhang
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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344
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Lehmkuhl P, Gentz M, Garcia de Otezya AC, Grimbacher B, Schulze-Koops H, Skapenko A. Dysregulated immunity in PID patients with low GARP expression on Tregs due to mutations in LRRC32. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1677-1691. [PMID: 34059789 PMCID: PMC8245512 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune dysregulation diseases are characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations and may have severe disease courses. The identification of the genetic causes of these diseases therefore has critical clinical implications. We performed whole-exome sequencing of patients with immune dysregulation disorders and identified two patients with previously undescribed mutations in LRRC32, which encodes glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP). These patients were characterized by markedly reduced numbers and frequencies of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs with mutated LRRC32 exhibited strongly diminished cell-surface GARP expression and reduced suppressor function. In a model of conditional Garp deficiency in mice, we confirmed increased susceptibility to inflammatory diseases once GARP expression on Tregs was decreased. Garp deficiency led to an unstable Treg phenotype due to diminished Foxp3 protein acetylation and stability. Our study reinforces the understanding of the immunological mechanisms of immune dysregulation and expands the knowledge on the immunological function of GARP as an important regulator of Treg stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lehmkuhl
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDivision of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Gentz
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDivision of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andres Caballero Garcia de Otezya
- grid.5963.9Institute for Immunodeficiency, Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- grid.5963.9Institute for Immunodeficiency, Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Schulze-Koops
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDivision of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alla Skapenko
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDivision of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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345
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Zhao LP, Papadopoulos GK, Lybrand TP, Moustakas AK, Bondinas GP, Carlsson A, Larsson HE, Ludvigsson J, Marcus C, Persson M, Samuelsson U, Wang R, Pyo CW, Nelson WC, Geraghty DE, Rich SS, Lernmark Å. The KAG motif of HLA-DRB1 (β71, β74, β86) predicts seroconversion and development of type 1 diabetes. EBioMedicine 2021; 69:103431. [PMID: 34153873 PMCID: PMC8220560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HLA-DR4, a common antigen of HLA-DRB1, has multiple subtypes that are strongly associated with risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, some are risk neutral or resistant. The pathobiological mechanism of HLA-DR4 subtypes remains to be elucidated. METHODS We used a population-based case-control study of T1D (962 patients and 636 controls) to decipher genetic associations of HLA-DR4 subtypes and specific residues with susceptibility to T1D. Using a birth cohort of 7865 children with periodically measured islet autoantibodies (GADA, IAA or IA-2A), we proposed to validate discovered genetic associations with a totally different study design and time-to-seroconversions prior to clinical onset of T1D. A novel analytic strategy hierarchically organized the HLA-DRB1 alleles by sequence similarity and identified critical amino acid residues by minimizing local genomic architecture and higher-order interactions. FINDINGS Three amino acid residues of HLA-DRB1 (β71, β74, β86) were found to be predictive of T1D risk in the population-based study. The "KAG" motif, corresponding to HLA-DRB1×04:01, was most strongly associated with T1D risk ([O]dds [R]atio=3.64, p = 3.19 × 10-64). Three less frequent motifs ("EAV", OR = 2.55, p = 0.025; "RAG", OR = 1.93, p = 0.043; and "RAV", OR = 1.56, p = 0.003) were associated with T1D risk, while two motifs ("REG" and "REV") were equally protective (OR = 0.11, p = 4.23 × 10-4). In an independent birth cohort of HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 subjects, those having the "KAG" motif had increased risk for time-to-seroconversion (Hazard Ratio = 1.74, p = 6.51 × 10-14) after adjusting potential confounders. INTERPRETATIONS DNA sequence variation in HLA-DRB1 at positions β71, β74, and β86 are non-conservative (β74 A→E, β71 E vs K vs R and β86 G vs V). They result in substantial differences in peptide antigen anchor pocket preferences at p1, p4 and potentially neighboring regions such as pocket p7. Differential peptide antigen binding is likely to be affected. These sequence substitutions may account for most of the HLA-DR4 contribution to T1D risk as illustrated in two HLA-peptide model complexes of the T1D autoantigens preproinsulin and GAD65. FUNDING National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the Swedish Child Diabetes Foundation and the Swedish Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lue Ping Zhao
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - George K Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Biochemistry, Biomaterials and Bioprocessing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Epirus, Arta GR47100, Greece.
| | - Terry P Lybrand
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Antonis K Moustakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Ionian University, Argostoli GR26100, Cephalonia, Greece
| | - George P Bondinas
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Biochemistry, Biomaterials and Bioprocessing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Epirus, Arta GR47100, Greece
| | - Annelie Carlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Elding Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University CRC, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Crown Princess Victoria Children´s Hospital and Div of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Claude Marcus
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Karolinska Institutet and Institution of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martina Persson
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiological Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Samuelsson
- Crown Princess Victoria Children´s Hospital and Div of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ruihan Wang
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Chul-Woo Pyo
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Wyatt C Nelson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Daniel E Geraghty
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, PO Box 800717, MSB Room 3232, 1300 Jefferson Park Ave, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States.
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University CRC, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden.
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346
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Multipotent adult progenitor cells induce regulatory T cells and promote their suppressive phenotype via TGFβ and monocyte-dependent mechanisms. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13549. [PMID: 34193955 PMCID: PMC8245558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the immune system can initiate chronic inflammatory responses that exacerbate disease pathology. Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC cells), an adult adherent bone-marrow derived stromal cell, have been observed to promote the resolution of uncontrolled inflammatory responses in a variety of clinical conditions including acute ischemic stroke, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), graft vs host disease (GvHD), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). One of the proposed mechanisms by which MAPC cells modulate immune responses is via the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs), however, the mechanism(s) involved remains to be fully elucidated. Herein, we demonstrate that, in an in vitro setting, MAPC cells increase Treg frequencies by promoting Treg proliferation and CD4+ T cell differentiation into Tregs. Moreover, MAPC cell-induced Tregs (miTregs) have a more suppressive phenotype characterized by increased expression of CTLA-4, HLA-DR, and PD-L1 and T cell suppression capacity. MAPC cells also promoted Treg activation by inducing CD45RA+ CD45RO+ transitional Tregs. Additionally, we identify transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) as an essential factor for Treg induction secreted by MAPC cells. Furthermore, inhibition of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) resulted in decreased Treg induction by MAPC cells demonstrating IDO involvement. Our studies also show that CD14+ monocytes play a critical role in Treg induction by MAPC cells. Our study describes MAPC cell dependent Treg phenotypic changes and provides evidence of potential mechanisms by which MAPC cells promote Treg differentiation.
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347
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Luo Y, Xu C, Wang B, Niu Q, Su X, Bai Y, Zhu S, Zhao C, Sun Y, Wang J, Liu M, Sun X, Song G, Cui H, Chen X, Huang H, Wang H, Han M, Jiang E, Shi L, Feng X. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals disparate effector differentiation pathways in human T reg compartment. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3913. [PMID: 34162888 PMCID: PMC8222404 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are central to immune tolerance. However, their heterogeneity and differentiation remain incompletely understood. Here we use single-cell RNA and T cell receptor sequencing to resolve Treg cells from healthy individuals and patients with or without acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) who undergo stem cell transplantation. These analyses, combined with functional assays, separate Treg cells into naïve, activated, and effector stages, and resolve the HLA-DRhi, LIMS1hi, highly suppressive FOXP3hi, and highly proliferative MKI67hi effector subsets. Trajectory analysis assembles Treg subsets into two differentiation paths (I/II) with distinctive phenotypic and functional programs, ending with the FOXP3hi and MKI67hi subsets, respectively. Transcription factors FOXP3 and SUB1 contribute to some Path I and Path II phenotypes, respectively. These FOXP3hi and MKI67hi subsets and two differentiation pathways are conserved in transplanted patients, despite having functional and migratory impairments under aGVHD. These findings expand the understanding of Treg cell heterogeneity and differentiation and provide a single-cell atlas for the dissection of Treg complexity in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Changlu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuhua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Shuxian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Maolan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Song
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Haidong Cui
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, the Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Huifang Huang
- Central Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haikun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingzhe Han
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
| | - Erlie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
| | - Lihong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
- Central Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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348
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Taurine promotes the production of CD4 +CD25 +FOXP3 + Treg cells through regulating IL-35/STAT1 pathway in a mouse allergic rhinitis model. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2021; 17:59. [PMID: 34147127 PMCID: PMC8214264 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-021-00562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most widespread immune conditions worldwide. However, common treatments often present with significant side effects or are cost-prohibitive for much of the population. A plethora of treatments have been used for the treatment of AR including antihistamines, steroids, and immune modulators. Among the treatments which have shown potential for efficacy in treating AR with a minimum of side effects but remains understudied is the conditionally essential amino acid taurine. Taurine has been previously shown to reduce AR symptoms. Here, we examine the role of taurine in modulating T regulatory cells, modulating the cytokine response in AR, and restoring healthy nasal mucosa. Methods Blood samples from 20 healthy donors and 20 AR patients were compared for CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T regulatory (Treg) cell population percentage, cytokine release, and STAT1 signaling with and without taurine treatment or IL-35 neutralization. An OVA-induced AR mouse model was administered vehicle, taurine, or taurine plus an IL-35 neutralizing antibody and assayed for sneezing frequency, inflammatory cytokine response, nasal mucosa goblet cell density, and T regulatory cell percentage. CD4+ cells were further examined for cytokine release, STAT1 phosphorylation, and response to an anti-IL-35 antibody with and without a STAT1 inhibitor. Results Comparison of blood from normal donors and AR patients showed a reduction in CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells in AR patients and a strong correlation between Treg percentage and IL-35 release. A similar pattern of Treg suppression was found in untreated AR mice when compared to normal control mice wherein there was a reduction in Treg percentage and a corresponding decrease in IL-35 release. AR mice also demonstrated increased sneezing frequency, an infiltration of goblet cell in nasal mucosa, and a reduction in IL-35 release from CD4+ cells. Conversely, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 secretion from CD4+ cells were increased in AR model mice, as was STAT1 phosphorylation. When AR mice were treated with taurine, sneezing frequency and nasal mucosa goblet cell content were reduced while Treg abundance was increased to that of normal mice. Accordingly, IL-35 release was restored, while IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 secretion from CD4+ cells were suppressed. Likewise, STAT1 phosphorylation was inhibited with taurine treatment. Taurine-treated mice also given an IL-35 neutralizing antibody exhibited AR pathology including frequent sneezing and high nasal goblet cell content while retaining a restoration of Tregs. Furthermore, murine AR model CD4+ cells exposed to recombinant IL-35 responded with a reduction in inflammatory cytokine release and a decrease in STAT1 phosphorylation, mimicking the effect of taurine treatment. Conclusions Taurine induces release of IL-35 in AR; IL-35 promotes the production of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells via a STAT1-dependent pathway. The restoration of Treg populations by taurine normalizes the inflammatory response, reduces AR symptomology, and reduces histopathologic signs of AR. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13223-021-00562-1.
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349
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Horellou P, de Chalus A, Giorgi L, Leroy C, Chrétien P, Hacein-Bey-Abina S, Bourgeois C, Mariette X, Serguera C, Le Grand R, Deiva K. Regulatory T Cells Increase After rh-MOG Stimulation in Non-Relapsing but Decrease in Relapsing MOG Antibody-Associated Disease at Onset in Children. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679770. [PMID: 34220827 PMCID: PMC8243969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myelin oligodendrocytes glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) represent 25% of pediatric acquired demyelinating syndrome (ADS); 40% of them may relapse, mimicking multiple sclerosis (MS), a recurrent and neurodegenerative ADS, which is MOG-Abs negative. Aims To identify MOG antigenic immunological response differences between MOGAD, MS and control patients, and between relapsing versus non-relapsing subgroups of MOGAD. Methods Three groups of patients were selected: MOGAD (n=12 among which 5 relapsing (MOGR) and 7 non-relapsing (MOGNR)), MS (n=10) and control patients (n=7). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected at the time of the first demyelinating event were cultured for 48 h with recombinant human (rh)-MOG protein (10 μg/ml) for a specific stimulation or without stimulation as a negative control. The T cells immunophenotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry. CD4+ T cells, T helper (Th) cells including Th1, Th2, and Th17 were analyzed by intracellular staining of cytokines. Regulatory T cells (Tregs, Foxp3+), CD45RA-Foxp3+ Tregs and subpopulation naive Tregs (CD45RA+Foxp3int), effector Tregs (CD45RA-Foxp3high) and non-suppressive Tregs (CD45RA-Foxp3int) proportions were determined. Results The mean onset age of each group, ranging from 9.9 to 13.8, and sex ratio, were similar between MOGR, MOGNR, MS and control patients as analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Chi-square test. When comparing unstimulated to rh-MOG stimulated T cells, a significant increase in the proportion of Th2 and Th17 cells was observed in MOGAD. Increase of Th17 cells was significant in MOGNR (means: 0.63 ± 0.15 vs. 1.36 ± 0.43; Wilcoxon-test p = 0.03) but not in MOGR. CD4+ Tregs were significantly increased in MOGNR (means: 3.51 ± 0.7 vs. 4.59 ± 1.33; Wilcoxon-test p = 0.046) while they decreased in MOGR. CD45RA-Foxp3+ Tregs were significantly decreased in MOGR (means: 2.37 ± 0.23 vs. 1.99 ± 0.17; paired t-test p = 0.021), but not in MOGNR. MOGR showed the highest ratio of effector Tregs/non suppressive-Tregs, which was significantly higher than in MOGNR. Conclusions Our findings suggest that CD4+ Th2 and Th17 cells are involved in the pathophysiology of MOGAD in children. The opposite response of Tregs to rh-MOG in MOGNR, where CD4+ Tregs increased, and in MOGR, where CD45RA-Foxp3+ Tregs decreased, suggests a probable loss of tolerance toward MOG autoantigen in MOGR which may explain relapses in this recurrent pediatric autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Horellou
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INSERM UMR 1184, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Aliénor de Chalus
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INSERM UMR 1184, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Saclay University Hospitals, Bicêtre Hospital, Pediatric Neurology Department, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Laetitia Giorgi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INSERM UMR 1184, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Saclay University Hospitals, Bicêtre Hospital, Pediatric Neurology Department, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Carole Leroy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INSERM UMR 1184, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Saclay University Hospitals, Bicêtre Hospital, Pediatric Neurology Department, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Pascale Chrétien
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, Hôpital Kremlin-Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le-Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité des technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, France
| | - Salima Hacein-Bey-Abina
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, Hôpital Kremlin-Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le-Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité des technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, France
| | | | - Xavier Mariette
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INSERM UMR 1184, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ché Serguera
- Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INSERM UMR 1184, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Kumaran Deiva
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INSERM UMR 1184, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Saclay University Hospitals, Bicêtre Hospital, Pediatric Neurology Department, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,National Referral Center for Rare Inflammatory and Auto-Immune Brain and Spinal Diseases (MIRCEM), Pediatric Neurology Department, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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350
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The Bone Marrow as Sanctuary for Plasma Cells and Memory T-Cells: Implications for Adaptive Immunity and Vaccinology. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061508. [PMID: 34203839 PMCID: PMC8232593 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is key to protective immunological memory because it harbors a major fraction of the body’s plasma cells, memory CD4+ and memory CD8+ T-cells. Despite its paramount significance for the human immune system, many aspects of how the BM enables decade-long immunity against pathogens are still poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the relationship between BM survival niches and long-lasting humoral immunity, how intrinsic and extrinsic factors define memory cell longevity and show that the BM is also capable of adopting many responsibilities of a secondary lymphoid organ. Additionally, with more and more data on the differentiation and maintenance of memory T-cells and plasma cells upon vaccination in humans being reported, we discuss what factors determine the establishment of long-lasting immunological memory in the BM and what we can learn for vaccination technologies and antigen design. Finally, using these insights, we touch on how this holistic understanding of the BM is necessary for the development of modern and efficient vaccines against the pandemic SARS-CoV-2.
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