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Baran B, Correll D, Vuper TC, Morgan A, Durrant SJ, Manoach DS, Stickgold R. Spared and impaired sleep-dependent memory consolidation in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 199:83-89. [PMID: 29706447 PMCID: PMC6151291 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are the strongest predictor of disability and effective treatment is lacking. This reflects our limited mechanistic understanding and consequent lack of treatment targets. In schizophrenia, impaired sleep-dependent memory consolidation correlates with reduced sleep spindle activity, suggesting sleep spindles as a potentially treatable mechanism. In the present study we investigated whether sleep-dependent memory consolidation deficits in schizophrenia are selective. METHODS Schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals performed three tasks that have been shown to undergo sleep-dependent consolidation: the Word Pair Task (verbal declarative memory), the Visual Discrimination Task (visuoperceptual procedural memory), and the Tone Task (statistical learning). Memory consolidation was tested 24 h later, after a night of sleep. RESULTS Compared with controls, schizophrenia patients showed reduced overnight consolidation of word pair learning. In contrast, both groups showed similar significant overnight consolidation of visuoperceptual procedural memory. Neither group showed overnight consolidation of statistical learning. CONCLUSION The present findings extend the known deficits in sleep-dependent memory consolidation in schizophrenia to verbal declarative memory, a core, disabling cognitive deficit. In contrast, visuoperceptual procedural memory was spared. These findings support the hypothesis that sleep-dependent memory consolidation deficits in schizophrenia are selective, possibly limited to tasks that rely on spindles. These findings reinforce the importance of deficient sleep-dependent memory consolidation among the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia and suggest sleep physiology as a potentially treatable mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengi Baran
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - David Correll
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Tessa C. Vuper
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon J. Durrant
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK,School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester, UK
| | - Dara S. Manoach
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Robert Stickgold
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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302
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Learning new meanings for known words: Perturbation of original meanings and retention of new meanings. Mem Cognit 2018; 47:130-144. [PMID: 30168093 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-018-0855-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Learning a new, unrelated meaning for a known word faces competition from the word's original meaning. Moreover, the connection of the word with its original meaning also shows a subtle form of interference, a perturbation, when tested immediately after learning. However, the long-term effects of both types of interference are unclear. The present study paired both high and low frequency words with new unrelated meanings, testing the fate of new and original meanings on three different days over one week as a function of word familiarity. The results were that learners maintained memory for new meanings of high frequency words better than the new meanings of low frequency words over one week. Following learning, meaning decisions on high frequency words that required the original meaning of the trained word were delayed relative to decisions on control words - but only when testing was immediate and the stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) between the trained word and its original meaning probe was 200 ms. When the SOA was 500 ms or when the test was delayed by one day or one week, no effect occurred. The findings indicate that in the learning of new meanings for known words, word familiarity benefits long-term retention of new meanings. The facilitation effect occurs along with a perturbation effect, in which the original meaning of a familiar word is made momentarily less accessible immediately after learning.
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303
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Contrasting dynamics of memory consolidation for novel word forms and meanings revealed by behavioral and neurophysiological markers. Neuropsychologia 2018; 117:472-482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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304
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Martini M, Martini C, Maran T, Sachse P. Effects of post-encoding wakeful rest and study time on long-term memory performance. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2018.1506457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Martini
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Caroline Martini
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Maran
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pierre Sachse
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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305
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Paletta P, Sheppard PAS, Matta R, Ervin KSJ, Choleris E. Rapid effects of estrogens on short-term memory: Possible mechanisms. Horm Behav 2018; 104:88-99. [PMID: 29847771 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Contribution to Special Issue on Fast effects of steroids. Estrogens affect learning and memory through rapid and delayed mechanisms. Here we review studies on rapid effects on short-term memory. Estradiol rapidly improves social and object recognition memory, spatial memory, and social learning when administered systemically. The dorsal hippocampus mediates estrogen rapid facilitation of object, social and spatial short-term memory. The medial amygdala mediates rapid facilitation of social recognition. The three estrogen receptors, α (ERα), β (ERβ) and the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) appear to play different roles depending on the task and brain region. Both ERα and GPER agonists rapidly facilitate short-term social and object recognition and spatial memory when administered systemically or into the dorsal hippocampus and facilitate social recognition in the medial amygdala. Conversely, only GPER can facilitate social learning after systemic treatment and an ERβ agonist only rapidly improved short-term spatial memory when given systemically or into the hippocampus, but also facilitates social recognition in the medial amygdala. Investigations into the mechanisms behind estrogens' rapid effects on short term memory showed an involvement of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) kinase pathways. Recent evidence also showed that estrogens interact with the neuropeptide oxytocin in rapidly facilitating social recognition. Estrogens can increase the production and/or release of oxytocin and other neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and acetylcholine. Therefore, it is possible that estrogens' rapid effects on short-term memory may occur through the regulation of various neurotransmitters, although more research is need on these interactions as well as the mechanisms of estrogens' actions on short-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Paletta
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Paul A S Sheppard
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Richard Matta
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kelsy S J Ervin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Elena Choleris
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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306
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Zhan L, Guo D, Chen G, Yang J. Effects of Repetition Learning on Associative Recognition Over Time: Role of the Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:277. [PMID: 30050418 PMCID: PMC6050388 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
When stimuli are learned by repetition, they are remembered better and retained for a longer time. However, current findings are lacking as to whether the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and cortical regions are involved in the learning effect when subjects retrieve associative memory, and whether their activations differentially change over time due to learning experience. To address these issues, we designed an fMRI experiment in which face-scene pairs were learned once (L1) or six times (L6). Subjects learned the pairs at four retention intervals, 30-min, 1-day, 1-week and 1-month, after which they finished an associative recognition task in the scanner. The results showed that compared to learning once, learning six times led to stronger activation in the hippocampus, but weaker activation in the perirhinal cortex (PRC) as well as anterior ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vLPFC). In addition, the hippocampal activation was positively correlated with that of the parahippocampal place area (PPA) and negatively correlated with that of the vLPFC when the L6 group was compared to the L1 group. The hippocampal activation decreased over time after L1 but remained stable after L6. These results clarified how the hippocampus and cortical regions interacted to support associative memory after different learning experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexia Zhan
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dingrong Guo
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jiongjiong Yang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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307
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Sekeres MJ, Winocur G, Moscovitch M. The hippocampus and related neocortical structures in memory transformation. Neurosci Lett 2018; 680:39-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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308
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sleep-wake disorders occur in 10% to 28% of children and differ somewhat in pathophysiology and management from sleep-wake disorders in adults. This article discusses the diagnosis and management of key childhood sleep disorders. RECENT FINDINGS The role of sleep in memory consolidation and in the facilitation of learning has been increasingly recognized, even at the toddler stage. Cataplexy, a key feature of narcolepsy type 1, may be subtle in childhood and characterized by transient muscle weakness isolated to the face. Children with obstructive sleep apnea and restless legs syndrome display prominent neurobehavioral symptoms such as daytime inattentiveness and hyperactivity, so it is important to elicit a sleep history when these symptoms are encountered. Systemic iron deficiency occurs in about two-thirds of children with restless legs syndrome and is easily treatable. Parasomnias arising out of non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, such as confusional arousals and sleepwalking, may be difficult to distinguish from nocturnal seizures, and, in many cases, video-EEG polysomnography is required to differentiate between causes. SUMMARY Clinicians should routinely integrate the assessment of sleep-wake function into their practices of neurology and child neurology because of the opportunity to improve the quality of life of their patients.
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309
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Mercerón-Martínez D, Almaguer-Melian W, Alberti-Amador E, Bergado JA. Amygdala stimulation promotes recovery of behavioral performance in a spatial memory task and increases GAP-43 and MAP-2 in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of male rats. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:8-17. [PMID: 29933038 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The relationships between affective and cognitive processes are an important issue of present neuroscience. The amygdala, the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex appear as main players in these mechanisms. We have shown that post-training electrical stimulation of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) speeds the acquisition of a motor skill, and produces a recovery in behavioral performance related to spatial memory in fimbria-fornix (FF) lesioned animals. BLA electrical stimulation rises bdnf RNA expression, BDNF protein levels, and arc RNA expression in the hippocampus. In the present paper we have measured the levels of one presynaptic protein (GAP-43) and one postsynaptic protein (MAP-2) both involved in synaptogenesis to assess whether structural neuroplastic mechanisms are involved in the memory enhancing effects of BLA stimulation. A single train of BLA stimulation produced in healthy animals an increase in the levels of GAP-43 and MAP-2 that lasted days in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. In FF-lesioned rats, daily post-training stimulation of the BLA ameliorates the memory deficit of the animals and induces an increase in the level of both proteins. These results support the hypothesis that the effects of amygdala stimulation on memory recovery are sustained by an enhanced formation of new synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mercerón-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Electrofisiología Experimental, International Center for Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Ave. 25 No. 15806, entre 156 y 158, Playa 11300, Havana City, Cuba.
| | - W Almaguer-Melian
- Laboratorio de Electrofisiología Experimental, International Center for Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Ave. 25 No. 15806, entre 156 y 158, Playa 11300, Havana City, Cuba.
| | - E Alberti-Amador
- Lab. Biología Molecular, International Center for Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Ave. 25 No. 15806, entre 156 y 158, Playa, Havana City, 11300, Cuba.
| | - J A Bergado
- Universidad del Sinú "Elías Bechara Zainum", Cra. 1w No. 38-153, Barrio Juan XXIII, Montería, Córdoba, 4536534, Colombia.
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310
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Alberini CM, Cruz E, Descalzi G, Bessières B, Gao V. Astrocyte glycogen and lactate: New insights into learning and memory mechanisms. Glia 2018; 66:1244-1262. [PMID: 29076603 PMCID: PMC5903986 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Memory, the ability to retain learned information, is necessary for survival. Thus far, molecular and cellular investigations of memory formation and storage have mainly focused on neuronal mechanisms. In addition to neurons, however, the brain comprises other types of cells and systems, including glia and vasculature. Accordingly, recent experimental work has begun to ask questions about the roles of non-neuronal cells in memory formation. These studies provide evidence that all types of glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) make important contributions to the processing of encoded information and storing memories. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent findings on the critical role of astrocytes as providers of energy for the long-lasting neuronal changes that are necessary for long-term memory formation. We focus on three main findings: first, the role of glucose metabolism and the learning- and activity-dependent metabolic coupling between astrocytes and neurons in the service of long-term memory formation; second, the role of astrocytic glucose metabolism in arousal, a state that contributes to the formation of very long-lasting and detailed memories; and finally, in light of the high energy demands of the brain during early development, we will discuss the possible role of astrocytic and neuronal glucose metabolisms in the formation of early-life memories. We conclude by proposing future directions and discussing the implications of these findings for brain health and disease. Astrocyte glycogenolysis and lactate play a critical role in memory formation. Emotionally salient experiences form strong memories by recruiting astrocytic β2 adrenergic receptors and astrocyte-generated lactate. Glycogenolysis and astrocyte-neuron metabolic coupling may also play critical roles in memory formation during development, when the energy requirements of brain metabolism are at their peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Alberini
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, 10003
- Associate Investigator, Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, 10016
| | - Emmanuel Cruz
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, 10003
| | - Giannina Descalzi
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, 10003
| | - Benjamin Bessières
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, 10003
| | - Virginia Gao
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, 10003
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311
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Pavlowsky A, Schor J, Plaçais PY, Preat T. A GABAergic Feedback Shapes Dopaminergic Input on the Drosophila Mushroom Body to Promote Appetitive Long-Term Memory. Curr Biol 2018; 28:1783-1793.e4. [PMID: 29779874 PMCID: PMC5988562 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Memory consolidation is a crucial step for long-term memory (LTM) storage. However, we still lack a clear picture of how memory consolidation is regulated at the neuronal circuit level. Here, we took advantage of the well-described anatomy of the Drosophila olfactory memory center, the mushroom body (MB), to address this question in the context of appetitive LTM. The MB lobes, which are made by the fascicled axons of the MB intrinsic neurons, are organized into discrete anatomical modules, each covered by the terminals of a defined type of dopaminergic neuron (DAN) and the dendrites of a corresponding type of MB output neuron (MBON). We previously revealed the essential role of one DAN, the MP1 neuron, in the formation of appetitive LTM. The MP1 neuron is anatomically matched to the GABAergic MBON MVP2, which has been attributed feedforward inhibitory functions recently. Here, we used behavior experiments and in vivo imaging to challenge the existence of MP1-MVP2 synapses and investigate their role in appetitive LTM consolidation. We show that MP1 and MVP2 neurons form an anatomically and functionally recurrent circuit, which features a feedback inhibition that regulates consolidation of appetitive memory. This circuit involves two opposite type 1 and type 2 dopamine receptors in MVP2 neurons and the metabotropic GABAB-R1 receptor in MP1 neurons. We propose that this dual-receptor feedback supports a bidirectional self-regulation of MP1 input to the MB. This mechanism displays striking similarities with the mammalian reward system, in which modulation of the dopaminergic signal is primarily assigned to inhibitory neurons. A feedback circuit between dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons consolidates memory Two antagonist dopamine receptors regulate the GABAergic neuron activity The GABAergic neuron regulates the calcium oscillations of the dopaminergic neuron
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pavlowsky
- Genes and Dynamics of Memory Systems, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Johann Schor
- Genes and Dynamics of Memory Systems, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Plaçais
- Genes and Dynamics of Memory Systems, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Preat
- Genes and Dynamics of Memory Systems, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
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312
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Schümann D, Sommer T. Dissociable contributions of the amygdala to the immediate and delayed effects of emotional arousal on memory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:283-293. [PMID: 29764974 PMCID: PMC5959227 DOI: 10.1101/lm.047282.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Emotional arousal enhances memory encoding and consolidation leading to better immediate and delayed memory. Although the central noradrenergic system and the amygdala play critical roles in both effects of emotional arousal, we have recently shown that these effects are at least partly independent of each other, suggesting distinct underlying neural mechanisms. Here we aim to dissociate the neural substrates of both effects in 70 female participants using an emotional memory paradigm to investigate how neural activity, as measured by fMRI, and a polymorphism in the α2B-noradrenoceptor vary for these effects. To also test whether the immediate and delayed effects of emotional arousal on memory are stable traits, we invited back participants who were a part of a large-scale behavioral memory study ∼3.5 yr ago. We replicated the low correlation of the immediate and delayed emotional enhancement of memory across participants (r = 0.16) and observed, moreover, that only the delayed effect was, to some degree, stable over time (r = 0.23). Bilateral amygdala activity, as well as its coupling with the visual cortex and the fusiform gyrus, was related to the preferential encoding of emotional stimuli, which is consistent with affect-biased attention. Moreover, the adrenoceptor genotype modulated the bilateral amygdala activity associated with this effect. The left amygdala and its coupling with the hippocampus was specifically associated with the more efficient consolidation of emotional stimuli, which is consistent with amygdalar modulation of hippocampal consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schümann
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Sommer
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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313
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Almaguer-Melian W, Mercerón-Martinez D, Delgado-Ocaña S, Alberti-Amador E, Gonzalez-Gómez R, Bergado JA. Erythropoietin improves object placement recognition memory in a time dependent manner in both, uninjured animals and fimbria-fornix-lesioned male rats. Horm Behav 2018; 100:94-99. [PMID: 29548782 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of reports sustain a possible role of erythropoietin (EPO) as neuroprotective agent. In two previous articles we have evaluated EPO as plasticity promoting agent, and to contribute the restoration of brain function affected by acquired damage. We have shown that EPO is able to induce an increased synaptic efficacy in vivo along with a plasticity promoting effect. In the Morris water maze EPO administration to fimbria-fornix lesioned male rats induces a significant improvement of their spatial memory, affected by the lesion. Singularly, EPO was only effective when administered shortly after training (10 min) but not after several hours (5 h), suggesting a specific EPO effect on time dependent plasticity process. In the present paper we have expanded this line of evidence using a low stress paradigm of object placement recognition in lesioned and healthy male rats. The memory trace in this model is short-lasting; animals could recognize the change in object position when tested 24 h after, but not 48 or 72 h after the acquisition session. EPO administration 10 min after acquisition significantly prolongs retention to, at least, 72 h in healthy rats. No effect was seen if EPO was administered 5 h after training, suggesting a specific EPO modulatory effect on the consolidation process. Remarkably, early EPO treatment to fimbria fornix lesioned animals reverts the memory deficit caused by the lesion. An increased expression of the plasticity related gene arc, was also confirmed in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex, that is likely to be involved in the behavioral improvement observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Almaguer-Melian
- Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica (CIREN), Habana 11300, Cuba.
| | | | - S Delgado-Ocaña
- Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica (CIREN), Habana 11300, Cuba
| | - E Alberti-Amador
- Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica (CIREN), Habana 11300, Cuba.
| | | | - Jorge A Bergado
- Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica (CIREN), Habana 11300, Cuba; Universidad del Sinú "Elías Bechara Zainún", Montería, Colombia.
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314
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Doyon J, Gabitov E, Vahdat S, Lungu O, Boutin A. Current issues related to motor sequence learning in humans. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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315
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Rothschild G. The transformation of multi-sensory experiences into memories during sleep. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 160:58-66. [PMID: 29588222 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our everyday lives present us with a continuous stream of multi-modal sensory inputs. While most of this information is soon forgotten, sensory information associated with salient experiences can leave long-lasting memories in our minds. Extensive human and animal research has established that the hippocampus is critically involved in this process of memory formation and consolidation. However, the underlying mechanistic details are still only partially understood. Specifically, the hippocampus has often been suggested to encode information during experience, temporarily store it, and gradually transfer this information to the cortex during sleep. In rodents, ample evidence has supported this notion in the context of spatial memory, yet whether this process adequately describes the consolidation of multi-sensory experiences into memories is unclear. Here, focusing on rodent studies, I examine how multi-sensory experiences are consolidated into long term memories by hippocampal and cortical circuits during sleep. I propose that in contrast to the classical model of memory consolidation, the cortex is a "fast learner" that has a rapid and instructive role in shaping hippocampal-dependent memory consolidation. The proposed model may offer mechanistic insight into memory biasing using sensory cues during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Rothschild
- Department of Psychology and Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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316
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Abstract
Fear memories are characterized by their permanence and a fierce resistance to unlearning by new experiences. We considered whether this durability involves a process of memory segmentation that separates competing experiences. To address this question, we used an emotional learning task designed to measure recognition memory for category exemplars encoded during competing experiences of fear-conditioning and extinction. Here we show that people recognized more fear-conditioned exemplars encoded during conditioning than conceptually related exemplars encoded immediately after a perceptual event boundary separating conditioning from extinction. Selective episodic memory depended on a period of consolidation, an explicit break between competing experiences, and was unrelated to within-session arousal or the explicit realization of a transition from conditioning to extinction. Collectively, these findings suggest that event boundaries guide selective consolidation to prioritize emotional information in memory—at the expense of related but conflicting information experienced shortly thereafter. We put forward a model whereby event boundaries bifurcate related memory traces for incompatible experiences. This stands in contrast to a mechanism that integrates related experiences for adaptive generalization123, and reveals a potentially distinct organization by which competing memories are adaptively segmented to select and protect nascent fear memories from immediate sources of interference.
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317
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Bakker G, Vingerhoets C, Boucherie D, Caan M, Bloemen O, Eersels J, Booij J, van Amelsvoort T. Relationship between muscarinic M 1 receptor binding and cognition in medication-free subjects with psychosis. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 18:713-719. [PMID: 29560312 PMCID: PMC5857491 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background It is still unclear which underlying mechanisms are involved in cognitive deficits of psychotic disorders. Pro-cognitive effects of muscarinic M1 receptor agonists suggest alterations in M1 receptor functioning may modulate these symptoms. Post mortem studies in patients with schizophrenia have shown significantly reduced M1 receptor expression rates in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) compared to controls. To date no in-vivo examinations of M1 receptor binding in relation to cognitive impairments have been done. As cognitive deficits have similar course and prognostic relevance across psychotic disorders, the current study assessed M1 receptor binding in the DLPFC and hippocampus in relation to cognitive functioning. Methods Muscarinic M1 receptor binding potential (BPND) was measured using 123I-IDEX, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in 30 medication-free subjects diagnosed with a psychotic disorder. A computerized neuropsychological test battery was used to assess cognition, and the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) to assess severity of psychotic symptoms. Results Assessment of cognitive domains showed that lower M1 BPND in the DLPFC was related to overall lower performance in verbal learning and memory. In addition, lower M1 BPND in the DLPFC was related to greater negative symptom severity. Lastly, lower M1 BPND in the hippocampus was related to worse delayed recognition of verbal memory. Conclusion This is the first study to show that variation in M1 receptors in the DLPFC is related to cognitive and negative symptom outcome in psychotic disorders. The M1 receptor may be an important biomarker in biological stratification of patients with psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geor Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Claudia Vingerhoets
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Boucherie
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthan Caan
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oswald Bloemen
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands; GGZ Centraal, Center for Mental Health Care Innova, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Eersels
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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318
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Bonasia K, Sekeres MJ, Gilboa A, Grady CL, Winocur G, Moscovitch M. Prior knowledge modulates the neural substrates of encoding and retrieving naturalistic events at short and long delays. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 153:26-39. [PMID: 29474955 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Congruence with prior knowledge and incongruence/novelty have long been identified as two prominent factors that, despite their opposing characteristics, can both enhance episodic memory. Using narrative film clip stimuli, this study investigated these effects in naturalistic event memories - examining behaviour and neural activation to help explain this paradox. Furthermore, we examined encoding, immediate retrieval, and one-week delayed retrieval to determine how these effects evolve over time. Behaviourally, both congruence with prior knowledge and incongruence/novelty enhanced memory for events, though incongruent events were recalled with more errors over time. During encoding, greater congruence with prior knowledge was correlated with medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and parietal activation, suggesting that these areas may play a key role in linking current episodic processing with prior knowledge. Encoding of increasingly incongruent events, on the other hand, was correlated with increasing activation in, and functional connectivity between, the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and posterior sensory cortices. During immediate and delayed retrieval the mPFC and MTL each demonstrated functional connectivity that varied based on the congruence of events with prior knowledge; with connectivity between the MTL and occipital regions found for incongruent events, while congruent events were associated with functional connectivity between the mPFC and the inferior parietal lobules and middle frontal gyri. These results demonstrate patterns of neural activity and connectivity that shift based on the nature of the event being experienced or remembered, and that evolve over time. Furthermore, they suggest potential mechanisms by which both congruence with prior knowledge and incongruence/novelty may enhance memory, through mPFC and MTL functional connectivity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Bonasia
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada; Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - Melanie J Sekeres
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave., Waco, TX 76706, USA; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Asaf Gilboa
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Grady
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Gordon Winocur
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Morris Moscovitch
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada
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319
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Dendritic spine density and EphrinB2 levels of hippocampal and anterior cingulate cortex neurons increase sequentially during formation of recent and remote fear memory in the mouse. Behav Brain Res 2018; 344:120-131. [PMID: 29444449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Memory consolidation is a dynamic process that involves a sequential remodeling of hippocampal-cortical circuits. Although synaptic events underlying memory consolidation are well assessed, fine molecular events controlling this process deserve further characterization. To this aim, we challenged male C57BL/6N mice in a contextual fear conditioning (CFC) paradigm and tested their memory 24 h, 7 days or 36 days later. Mice displayed a strong fear response at all time points with an increase in dendritic spine density and protein levels of the cell adhesion factor EphrinB2 in CA1 hippocampal neurons 24 h and 7 days post conditioning (p.c.), and in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) neurons 36 days p.c. We then investigated whether the formation of remote memory and neuronal modifications in the ACC would depend on p.c. protein synthesis in hippocampal neurons. Bilateral intrahippocampal infusions with the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin administered immediately p.c. decreased fear response, neuronal spine growth and EphrinB2 protein levels of hippocampal and ACC neurons 24 h and 36 days p.c., respectively. Anisomycin infusion 24 h p.c. had no effects on fear response, increase in spine density and in EphrinB2 protein levels in ACC neurons 36 days p.c. Our results thus confirm that early but not late p.c. hippocampal protein synthesis is necessary for the formation of remote memory and provide the first evidence of a possible involvement of EphrinB2 in neuronal plasticity in the ACC.
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320
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Beneficial effects of chronic oxytocin administration and social co-housing in a rodent model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Behav Pharmacol 2018; 27:704-717. [PMID: 27740964 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is in part due to a deficit in memory consolidation and extinction. Oxytocin (OXT) has anxiolytic effects and promotes prosocial behaviors in both rodents and humans, and evidence suggests that it plays a role in memory consolidation. We studied the effects of administered OXT and social co-housing in a rodent model of PTSD. Acute OXT yielded a short-term increase in the recall of the traumatic memory if administered immediately after trauma. Low doses of OXT delivered chronically had a cumulating anxiolytic effect that became apparent after 4 days and persisted. Repeated injections of OXT after short re-exposures to the trauma apparatus yielded a long-term reduction in anxiety. Co-housing with naive nonshocked animals decreased the memory of the traumatic context compared with single-housed animals. In the long term, these animals showed less thigmotaxis and increased interest in novel objects, and a low OXT plasma level. Co-housed PTSD animals showed an increase in risk-taking behavior. These results suggest beneficial effects of OXT if administered chronically through increases in memory consolidation after re-exposure to a safe trauma context. We also show differences between the benefits of social co-housing with naive rats and co-housing with other shocked animals on trauma-induced long-term anxiety.
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321
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Odor cueing during slow-wave sleep benefits memory independently of low cholinergic tone. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:291-299. [PMID: 29119218 PMCID: PMC5748395 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4768-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sleep-dependent memory consolidation depends on the concerted reactivation of memories in the hippocampo-neocortical system. The communication of reactivated information from the hippocampus to the neocortex is assumed to be enabled by low levels of acetylcholine, particularly during slow-wave sleep (SWS). Recent studies suggest that the reactivation of memories does not only occur spontaneously but can also be externally triggered by re-presenting learning-associated cues during sleep. OBJECTIVES Here we investigated whether the beneficial effect of cued memory reactivation during sleep depends on similar mechanisms as spontaneous reactivation, and specifically on low cholinergic tone. METHODS In two experimental nights, healthy volunteers learned a visuo-spatial memory task in the presence of an odor before going to sleep for 40 min. In one night, subjects were presented with the odor again during SWS, whereas in the other night they received an odorless vehicle. In half of the subjects, the availability of acetylcholine during sleep was increased by administering the acetylcholine-esterase inhibitor physostigmine. RESULTS Contrary to our hypothesis, increased cholinergic tone during sleep did not abolish the beneficial effect of odor cueing: memory performance was better after odor cueing compared to odorless vehicle, independent of physostigmine or placebo administration. CONCLUSIONS This finding challenges the assumption that odor-cued and spontaneous memory reactivation rely on the same neuropharmacological mechanisms.
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322
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The Role of Sleep in Learning Placebo Effects. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 139:321-355. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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323
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Alexandrov YI, Sozinov AA, Svarnik OE, Gorkin AG, Kuzina EA, Gavrilov VV. Neuronal Bases of Systemic Organization of Behavior. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 21:1-33. [PMID: 30334217 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-94593-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the years of studies in the field of systems neuroscience, functions of neural circuits and behavior-related systems are still not entirely clear. The systems description of brain activity has recently been associated with cognitive concepts, e.g. a cognitive map, reconstructed via place-cell activity analysis and the like, and a cognitive schema, modeled in consolidation research. The issue we find of importance is that a cognitive unit reconstructed in neuroscience research is mainly formulated in terms of environment. In other words, the individual experience is considered as a model or reflection of the outside world and usually lacks a biological meaning, such as describing a given part of the world for the individual. In this chapter, we present the idea of a cognitive component that serves as a model of behavioral interaction with environment, rather than a model of the environment itself. This intangible difference entails the need in substantial revision of several well-known phenomena, including the long-term potentiation.The principal questions developed here are how the cognitive units appear and change upon learning and performance, and how the links between them create the whole structure of individual experience. We argue that a clear distinction between processes that provide the emergence of new components and those underlying the retrieval and/or changes in the existing ones is necessary in learning and memory research. We then describe a view on learning and corresponding neuronal activity analysis that may help set this distinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri I Alexandrov
- Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia. .,Shvyrkov's Lab, Neural Bases of Mind, Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexey A Sozinov
- Shvyrkov's Lab, Neural Bases of Mind, Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Psychology, National Academic University of Humanities, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga E Svarnik
- Shvyrkov's Lab, Neural Bases of Mind, Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander G Gorkin
- Shvyrkov's Lab, Neural Bases of Mind, Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniya A Kuzina
- Shvyrkov's Lab, Neural Bases of Mind, Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Gavrilov
- Shvyrkov's Lab, Neural Bases of Mind, Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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324
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van Atteveldt N, van Kesteren MT, Braams B, Krabbendam L. Neuroimaging of learning and development: improving ecological validity. FRONTLINE LEARNING RESEARCH 2018; 6:186-203. [PMID: 31799220 PMCID: PMC6887532 DOI: 10.14786/flr.v6i3.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Modern neuroscience research, including neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), has provided valuable insights that advanced our understanding of brain development and learning processes significantly. However, there is a lively discussion about whether and how these insights can be meaningful to the educational practice. One of the main challenges is the low ecological validity of neuroimaging studies, making it hard to translate neuroimaging findings to real-life learning situations. Here, we describe four approaches that increase the ecological validity of neuroimaging experiments: using more naturalistic stimuli and tasks, moving the research to more naturalistic settings by using portable neuroimaging devices, combining tightly controlled lab-based neuroimaging measurements with real-life variables and follow-up field studies, and including stakeholders from the practice at all stages of the research. We illustrate these approaches with examples and explain how these directions of research optimize the benefits of neuroimaging techniques to study learning and development. This paper provides a frontline overview of methodological approaches that can be used for future neuroimaging studies to increase their ecological validity and thereby their relevance and applicability to the learning practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke van Atteveldt
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute Learn!, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam (IBBA), The Netherlands
| | - Marlieke T.R. van Kesteren
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute Learn!, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam (IBBA), The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Braams
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute Learn!, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam (IBBA), The Netherlands
| | - Lydia Krabbendam
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute Learn!, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam (IBBA), The Netherlands
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325
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Rossi Sebastiano D, Visani E, Panzica F, Sattin D, Bersano A, Nigri A, Ferraro S, Parati E, Leonardi M, Franceschetti S. Sleep patterns associated with the severity of impairment in a large cohort of patients with chronic disorders of consciousness. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 129:687-693. [PMID: 29307451 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed sleep patterns in 85 patients with chronic disorders of consciousness (DOC) in order to reveal any relationship with the degree of the impairment. METHODS Nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) was scored in patients classified as being in an unresponsive wakefulness syndrome/vegetative state (UWS/VS; n = 49) or a minimally conscious state (MCS; n = 36) in accordance with the rules of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The PSG data in the two diagnostic groups were compared, and the PSG parameters associated with the degree of impairment were analysed. RESULTS In 19/49 UWS/VS patients, signal attenuation was the only EEG pattern detectable in sleep. Non-REM 2 (NREM2) and slow-wave sleep (SWS) (but not REM) stages were more frequent in the MCS patients. The presence of SWS was the most appropriate factor for classifying patients as UWS/VS or MCS, and the duration of SWS was the main factor that significantly correlated with revised Coma Recovery Scale scores. CONCLUSION The presence of NREM sleep (namely SWS) reflects better preservation of the circuitry and structures needed to sustain this stage of sleep in DOC patients. SIGNIFICANCE PSG is a simple and effective technique, and sleep patterns may reflect the degree of impairment in chronic DOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Rossi Sebastiano
- Neurophysiopathology Department and Epilepsy Centre, Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta", IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elisa Visani
- Neurophysiopathology Department and Epilepsy Centre, Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta", IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Panzica
- Neurophysiopathology Department and Epilepsy Centre, Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta", IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Sattin
- Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit and Coma Research Centre, Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta", IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Bersano
- Cerebrovascular Disease Unit, Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta", IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Nigri
- Neuroradiology Department, Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta", IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Ferraro
- Neuroradiology Department, Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta", IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Parati
- Cerebrovascular Disease Unit, Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta", IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Matilde Leonardi
- Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit and Coma Research Centre, Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta", IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Franceschetti
- Neurophysiopathology Department and Epilepsy Centre, Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta", IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy
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326
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Boutin A, Pinsard B, Boré A, Carrier J, Fogel SM, Doyon J. Transient synchronization of hippocampo-striato-thalamo-cortical networks during sleep spindle oscillations induces motor memory consolidation. Neuroimage 2017; 169:419-430. [PMID: 29277652 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep benefits motor memory consolidation. This mnemonic process is thought to be mediated by thalamo-cortical spindle activity during NREM-stage2 sleep episodes as well as changes in striatal and hippocampal activity. However, direct experimental evidence supporting the contribution of such sleep-dependent physiological mechanisms to motor memory consolidation in humans is lacking. In the present study, we combined EEG and fMRI sleep recordings following practice of a motor sequence learning (MSL) task to determine whether spindle oscillations support sleep-dependent motor memory consolidation by transiently synchronizing and coordinating specialized cortical and subcortical networks. To that end, we conducted EEG source reconstruction on spindle epochs in both cortical and subcortical regions using novel deep-source localization techniques. Coherence-based metrics were adopted to estimate functional connectivity between cortical and subcortical structures over specific frequency bands. Our findings not only confirm the critical and functional role of NREM-stage2 sleep spindles in motor skill consolidation, but provide first-time evidence that spindle oscillations [11-17 Hz] may be involved in sleep-dependent motor memory consolidation by locally reactivating and functionally binding specific task-relevant cortical and subcortical regions within networks including the hippocampus, putamen, thalamus and motor-related cortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Boutin
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montréal, QC, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Basile Pinsard
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montréal, QC, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Boré
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Carrier
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montréal, QC, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Stuart M Fogel
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Julien Doyon
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montréal, QC, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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327
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NLGN1 and NLGN2 in the prefrontal cortex: their role in memory consolidation and strengthening. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 48:122-130. [PMID: 29278843 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical for memory formation, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Clinical and animal model studies have shown that changes in PFC excitation and inhibition are important for cognitive functions as well as related disorders. Here, we discuss recent findings revealing the roles of the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic proteins neuroligin 1 (NLGN1) and NLGN2 in the PFC in memory formation and modulation of memory strength. We propose that shifts in NLGN1 and NLGN2 expression in specific excitatory and inhibitory neuronal subpopulations in response to experience regulate the dynamic processes of memory consolidation and strengthening. Because excitatory/inhibitory imbalances accompany neuropsychiatric disorders in which strength and flexibility of representations play important roles, understanding these mechanisms may suggest novel therapies.
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328
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Lambert I, Roehri N, Giusiano B, Carron R, Wendling F, Benar C, Bartolomei F. Brain regions and epileptogenicity influence epileptic interictal spike production and propagation during NREM sleep in comparison with wakefulness. Epilepsia 2017; 59:235-243. [PMID: 29205292 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is known to be a brain state associated with an activation of interictal epileptic activity. The goal of this work was to quantify topographic changes occurring during NREM sleep in comparison with wakefulness. METHOD We studied intracerebral recordings of 20 patients who underwent stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) during presurgical evaluation for pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy. We measured the number of interictal spikes (IS) and quantified the co-occurrence of IS between brain regions during 1 hour of NREM sleep and 1 hour of wakefulness. Co-occurrence is a method to estimate IS networks based on a temporal concordance between IS of different brain regions. Each studied region was labeled as "seizure-onset zone" (SOZ), "propagation zone" (PZ), or "not involved region" (NIR). RESULTS During NREM sleep, the number of interictal spikes significantly increased in all regions (mean of 68%). This increase was higher in medial temporal regions than in other regions, whether involved in the SOZ. Spike co-occurrence increased significantly in all regions during NREM sleep in comparison with wakefulness but was greater in neocortical regions. Spike co-occurrence in medial temporal regions was not higher than in other regions, suggesting that the increase of the number of spikes in this region was in great part a local effect. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrated that medial temporal regions show a greater propensity to spike production or propagation during NREM sleep compared to other brain regions, even when the medial temporal lobe is not involved in the SOZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Lambert
- Inserm, INS, Institute of Neurosciences of Systems, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,Clinical Neurophysiology, Timone Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Roehri
- Inserm, INS, Institute of Neurosciences of Systems, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Giusiano
- Inserm, INS, Institute of Neurosciences of Systems, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Carron
- Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Timone Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Christian Benar
- Inserm, INS, Institute of Neurosciences of Systems, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- Inserm, INS, Institute of Neurosciences of Systems, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,Clinical Neurophysiology, Timone Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
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329
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Miyamoto D, Hirai D, Murayama M. The Roles of Cortical Slow Waves in Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Consolidation. Front Neural Circuits 2017; 11:92. [PMID: 29213231 PMCID: PMC5703076 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep plays important roles in sensory and motor memory consolidation. Sleep oscillations, reflecting neural population activity, involve the reactivation of learning-related neurons and regulate synaptic strength and, thereby affect memory consolidation. Among sleep oscillations, slow waves (0.5–4 Hz) are closely associated with memory consolidation. For example, slow-wave power is regulated in an experience-dependent manner and correlates with acquired memory. Furthermore, manipulating slow waves can enhance or impair memory consolidation. During slow wave sleep, inter-areal interactions between the cortex and hippocampus (HC) have been proposed to consolidate declarative memory; however, interactions for non-declarative (HC-independent) memory remain largely uninvestigated. We recently showed that the directional influence in a slow-wave range through a top-down cortical long-range circuit is involved in the consolidation of non-declarative memory. At the synaptic level, the average cortical synaptic strength is known to be potentiated during wakefulness and depressed during sleep. Moreover, learning causes plasticity in a subset of synapses, allocating memory to them. Sleep may help to differentiate synaptic strength between allocated and non-allocated synapses (i.e., improving the signal-to-noise ratio, which may facilitate memory consolidation). Herein, we offer perspectives on inter-areal interactions and synaptic plasticity for memory consolidation during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Miyamoto
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neurophysiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Hirai
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neurophysiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - Masanori Murayama
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neurophysiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
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330
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331
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Fernández RS, Pedreira ME, Boccia MM. Does reconsolidation occur in natural settings? Memory reconsolidation and anxiety disorders. Clin Psychol Rev 2017; 57:45-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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332
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Enhancing early consolidation of human episodic memory by theta EEG neurofeedback. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 145:165-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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333
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Lafon B, Henin S, Huang Y, Friedman D, Melloni L, Thesen T, Doyle W, Buzsáki G, Devinsky O, Parra LC, A Liu A. Low frequency transcranial electrical stimulation does not entrain sleep rhythms measured by human intracranial recordings. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1199. [PMID: 29084960 PMCID: PMC5662600 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial electrical stimulation has widespread clinical and research applications, yet its effect on ongoing neural activity in humans is not well established. Previous reports argue that transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can entrain and enhance neural rhythms related to memory, but the evidence from non-invasive recordings has remained inconclusive. Here, we measure endogenous spindle and theta activity intracranially in humans during low-frequency tACS and find no stable entrainment of spindle power during non-REM sleep, nor of theta power during resting wakefulness. As positive controls, we find robust entrainment of spindle activity to endogenous slow-wave activity in 66% of electrodes as well as entrainment to rhythmic noise-burst acoustic stimulation in 14% of electrodes. We conclude that low-frequency tACS at common stimulation intensities neither acutely modulates spindle activity during sleep nor theta activity during waking rest, likely because of the attenuated electrical fields reaching the cortical surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Lafon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Simon Henin
- New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, 223 East 34th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, 240 East 38th St, 20th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Daniel Friedman
- New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, 223 East 34th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, 240 East 38th St, 20th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Lucia Melloni
- New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, 223 East 34th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, 240 East 38th St, 20th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Gruneburgweg 14, 60322, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Thesen
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, 240 East 38th St, 20th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada
| | - Werner Doyle
- New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, 223 East 34th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery NYU School of Medicine, 530 1st Avenue, Suite 7W, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - György Buzsáki
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, 240 East 38th St, 20th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- New York University Neuroscience Institute, 450 East 29th St, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, 223 East 34th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, 240 East 38th St, 20th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Lucas C Parra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Anli A Liu
- New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, 223 East 34th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, 240 East 38th St, 20th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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334
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Xia F, Richards BA, Tran MM, Josselyn SA, Takehara-Nishiuchi K, Frankland PW. Parvalbumin-positive interneurons mediate neocortical-hippocampal interactions that are necessary for memory consolidation. eLife 2017; 6:27868. [PMID: 28960176 PMCID: PMC5655147 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following learning, increased coupling between spindle oscillations in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and ripple oscillations in the hippocampus is thought to underlie memory consolidation. However, whether learning-induced increases in ripple-spindle coupling are necessary for successful memory consolidation has not been tested directly. In order to decouple ripple-spindle oscillations, here we chemogenetically inhibited parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons, since their activity is important for regulating the timing of spiking activity during oscillations. We found that contextual fear conditioning increased ripple-spindle coupling in mice. However, inhibition of PV+ cells in either CA1 or mPFC eliminated this learning-induced increase in ripple-spindle coupling without affecting ripple or spindle incidence. Consistent with the hypothesized importance of ripple-spindle coupling in memory consolidation, post-training inhibition of PV+ cells disrupted contextual fear memory consolidation. These results indicate that successful memory consolidation requires coherent hippocampal-neocortical communication mediated by PV+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Xia
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, University Avenue, Toronto, Canada
| | - Blake A Richards
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Matthew M Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sheena A Josselyn
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, University Avenue, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kaori Takehara-Nishiuchi
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul W Frankland
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, University Avenue, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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335
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Niethard N, Burgalossi A, Born J. Plasticity during Sleep Is Linked to Specific Regulation of Cortical Circuit Activity. Front Neural Circuits 2017; 11:65. [PMID: 28966578 PMCID: PMC5605564 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is thought to be involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity in two ways: by enhancing local plastic processes underlying the consolidation of specific memories and by supporting global synaptic homeostasis. Here, we briefly summarize recent structural and functional studies examining sleep-associated changes in synaptic morphology and neural excitability. These studies point to a global down-scaling of synaptic strength across sleep while a subset of synapses increases in strength. Similarly, neuronal excitability on average decreases across sleep, whereas subsets of neurons increase firing rates across sleep. Whether synapse formation and excitability is down or upregulated across sleep appears to partly depend on the cell's activity level during wakefulness. Processes of memory-specific upregulation of synapse formation and excitability are observed during slow wave sleep (SWS), whereas global downregulation resulting in elimination of synapses and decreased neural firing is linked to rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep). Studies of the excitation/inhibition balance in cortical circuits suggest that both processes are connected to a specific inhibitory regulation of cortical principal neurons, characterized by an enhanced perisomatic inhibition via parvalbumin positive (PV+) cells, together with a release from dendritic inhibition by somatostatin positive (SOM+) cells. Such shift towards increased perisomatic inhibition of principal cells appears to be a general motif which underlies the plastic synaptic changes observed during sleep, regardless of whether towards up or downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Niethard
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Burgalossi
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany.,Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany
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336
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Davis RL, Zhong Y. The Biology of Forgetting-A Perspective. Neuron 2017; 95:490-503. [PMID: 28772119 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pioneering research studies, beginning with those using Drosophila, have identified several molecular and cellular mechanisms for active forgetting. The currently known mechanisms for active forgetting include neurogenesis-based forgetting, interference-based forgetting, and intrinsic forgetting, the latter term describing the brain's chronic signaling systems that function to slowly degrade molecular and cellular memory traces. The best-characterized pathway for intrinsic forgetting includes "forgetting cells" that release dopamine onto engram cells, mobilizing a signaling pathway that terminates in the activation of Rac1/Cofilin to effect changes in the actin cytoskeleton and neuron/synapse structure. Intrinsic forgetting may be the default state of the brain, constantly promoting memory erasure and competing with processes that promote memory stability like consolidation. A better understanding of active forgetting will provide insights into the brain's memory management system and human brain disorders that alter active forgetting mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA.
| | - Yi Zhong
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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337
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Nadjar A, Wigren HKM, Tremblay ME. Roles of Microglial Phagocytosis and Inflammatory Mediators in the Pathophysiology of Sleep Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:250. [PMID: 28912686 PMCID: PMC5582207 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep serves crucial learning and memory functions in both nervous and immune systems. Microglia are brain immune cells that actively maintain health through their crucial physiological roles exerted across the lifespan, including phagocytosis of cellular debris and orchestration of neuroinflammation. The past decade has witnessed an explosive growth of microglial research. Considering the recent developments in the field of microglia and sleep, we examine their possible impact on various pathological conditions associated with a gain, disruption, or loss of sleep in this focused mini-review. While there are extensive studies of microglial implication in a variety of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, less is known regarding their roles in sleep disorders. It is timely to stimulate new research in this emergent and rapidly growing field of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Nadjar
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueBordeaux, France.,Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux UniversityBordeaux, France.,OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Eve Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, CRCHU de Québec-Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada.,Département de médecine moléculaire, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
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338
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Vidal-Piñeiro D, Sneve MH, Storsve AB, Roe JM, Walhovd KB, Fjell AM. Neural correlates of durable memories across the adult lifespan: brain activity at encoding and retrieval. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 60:20-33. [PMID: 28917664 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Age-related effects on brain activity during encoding and retrieval of episodic memories are well documented. However, research typically tests memory only once, shortly after encoding. Retaining information over extended periods is critical, and there are reasons to expect age-related effects on the neural correlates of durable memories. Here, we tested whether age was associated with the activity elicited by durable memories. One hundred forty-three participants (22-78 years) underwent an episodic memory experiment where item-context relationships were encoded and tested twice. Participants were scanned during encoding and the first test. Memories retained after 90 minutes but later forgotten were classified as transient, whereas memories retained after 5 weeks were classified as durable. Durable memories were associated with greater encoding activity in inferior lateral parietal and posteromedial regions and greater retrieval activity in frontal and insular regions. Older adults exhibited lower posteromedial activity during encoding and higher frontal activity during retrieval, possibly reflecting greater involvement of control processes. This demonstrates that long-lasting memories are supported by specific patterns of cortical activity that are related to age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Markus H Sneve
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas B Storsve
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - James M Roe
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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339
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Schaefer N, Rotermund C, Blumrich EM, Lourenco MV, Joshi P, Hegemann RU, Jamwal S, Ali N, García Romero EM, Sharma S, Ghosh S, Sinha JK, Loke H, Jain V, Lepeta K, Salamian A, Sharma M, Golpich M, Nawrotek K, Paidi RK, Shahidzadeh SM, Piermartiri T, Amini E, Pastor V, Wilson Y, Adeniyi PA, Datusalia AK, Vafadari B, Saini V, Suárez-Pozos E, Kushwah N, Fontanet P, Turner AJ. The malleable brain: plasticity of neural circuits and behavior - a review from students to students. J Neurochem 2017. [PMID: 28632905 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the most intriguing features of the brain is its ability to be malleable, allowing it to adapt continually to changes in the environment. Specific neuronal activity patterns drive long-lasting increases or decreases in the strength of synaptic connections, referred to as long-term potentiation and long-term depression, respectively. Such phenomena have been described in a variety of model organisms, which are used to study molecular, structural, and functional aspects of synaptic plasticity. This review originated from the first International Society for Neurochemistry (ISN) and Journal of Neurochemistry (JNC) Flagship School held in Alpbach, Austria (Sep 2016), and will use its curriculum and discussions as a framework to review some of the current knowledge in the field of synaptic plasticity. First, we describe the role of plasticity during development and the persistent changes of neural circuitry occurring when sensory input is altered during critical developmental stages. We then outline the signaling cascades resulting in the synthesis of new plasticity-related proteins, which ultimately enable sustained changes in synaptic strength. Going beyond the traditional understanding of synaptic plasticity conceptualized by long-term potentiation and long-term depression, we discuss system-wide modifications and recently unveiled homeostatic mechanisms, such as synaptic scaling. Finally, we describe the neural circuits and synaptic plasticity mechanisms driving associative memory and motor learning. Evidence summarized in this review provides a current view of synaptic plasticity in its various forms, offers new insights into the underlying mechanisms and behavioral relevance, and provides directions for future research in the field of synaptic plasticity. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 788. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13815.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Schaefer
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carola Rotermund
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Blumrich
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pooja Joshi
- Inserm UMR 1141, Robert Debre Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Regina U Hegemann
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sumit Jamwal
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Nilufar Ali
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Sorabh Sharma
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shampa Ghosh
- National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jitendra K Sinha
- National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hannah Loke
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vishal Jain
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Katarzyna Lepeta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ahmad Salamian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mahima Sharma
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mojtaba Golpich
- Department of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (HUKM), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Katarzyna Nawrotek
- Department of Process Thermodynamics, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ramesh K Paidi
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Sheila M Shahidzadeh
- Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Tetsade Piermartiri
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Elham Amini
- Department of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (HUKM), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Veronica Pastor
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia Prof. Eduardo De Robertis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yvette Wilson
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip A Adeniyi
- Cell Biology and Neurotoxicity Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado - Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | | | - Benham Vafadari
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vedangana Saini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Edna Suárez-Pozos
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Toxicología, México
| | - Neetu Kushwah
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Paula Fontanet
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Institute of Cellular Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN), CONICET-UBA, School of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anthony J Turner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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340
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Affiliation(s)
- Almut Hupbach
- Department of Psychology, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
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341
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Abstract
Scientific investigation into the possible role of sleep in memory consolidation began with the early studies of Jenkins and Dallenbach (1924). Despite nearly a century of investigation with a waxing and waning of interest, the role of sleep in memory processing remains controversial and elusive. This review provides the historical background for current views and considers the relative contribution of two sleep states, rapid eye movement sleep and slow-wave sleep, to offline memory processing. The sequential hypothesis, until now largely ignored, is discussed, and recent literature supporting this view is reviewed.
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342
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Semantic Congruence Accelerates the Onset of the Neural Signals of Successful Memory Encoding. J Neurosci 2017; 37:291-301. [PMID: 28077709 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1622-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the stream of experience unfolds, our memory system rapidly transforms current inputs into long-lasting meaningful memories. A putative neural mechanism that strongly influences how input elements are transformed into meaningful memory codes relies on the ability to integrate them with existing structures of knowledge or schemas. However, it is not yet clear whether schema-related integration neural mechanisms occur during online encoding. In the current investigation, we examined the encoding-dependent nature of this phenomenon in humans. We showed that actively integrating words with congruent semantic information provided by a category cue enhances memory for words and increases false recall. The memory effect of such active integration with congruent information was robust, even with an interference task occurring right after each encoding word list. In addition, via electroencephalography, we show in 2 separate studies that the onset of the neural signals of successful encoding appeared early (∼400 ms) during the encoding of congruent words. That the neural signals of successful encoding of congruent and incongruent information followed similarly ∼200 ms later suggests that this earlier neural response contributed to memory formation. We propose that the encoding of events that are congruent with readily available contextual semantics can trigger an accelerated onset of the neural mechanisms, supporting the integration of semantic information with the event input. This faster onset would result in a long-lasting and meaningful memory trace for the event but, at the same time, make it difficult to distinguish it from plausible but never encoded events (i.e., related false memories). SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Conceptual or schema congruence has a strong influence on long-term memory. However, the question of whether schema-related integration neural mechanisms occur during online encoding has yet to be clarified. We investigated the neural mechanisms reflecting how the active integration of words with congruent semantic categories enhances memory for words and increases false recall of semantically related words. We analyzed event-related potentials during encoding and showed that the onset of the neural signals of successful encoding appeared early (∼400 ms) during the encoding of congruent words. Our findings indicate that congruent events can trigger an accelerated onset of neural encoding mechanisms supporting the integration of semantic information with the event input.
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343
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Loprinzi PD, Edwards MK, Frith E. Potential avenues for exercise to activate episodic memory-related pathways: a narrative review. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2067-2077. [PMID: 28700099 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Memory function plays an important role in activities of daily living, and consequently, quality and quantity of life. In this narrative review, we discuss the anatomical components of episodic memory, including the structure of the hippocampus and the routes of communication to and from this structure. We also highlight cellular traces of memory, such as the engram cell and pathway. To provide etiological insight, the biological mechanisms of episodic memory are discussed, including factors subserving memory encoding (e.g., cognitive attention, neuroelectrical indices), consolidation (i.e., synaptic and brain systems level), and retrieval (e.g., availability of cues, context-dependent, state-dependent, and cognitive processing). Central to this manuscript, we highlight how exercise may influence each of these aforementioned parameters (e.g., exercise-induced hippocampal growth, synaptic plasticity, and cue retrieval) and then discuss the implications of these findings to enhance and preserve memory function. Collectively, this narrative review briefly summarizes potential mechanisms of episodic memory, and how exercise may activate these mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- Jackson Heart Study Vanguard Center at Oxford, Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Meghan K Edwards
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Emily Frith
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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344
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Frameworking memory and serotonergic markers. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:455-497. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:The evidence for neural markers and memory is continuously being revised, and as evidence continues to accumulate, herein, we frame earlier and new evidence. Hence, in this work, the aim is to provide an appropriate conceptual framework of serotonergic markers associated with neural activity and memory. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) has multiple pharmacological tools, well-characterized downstream signaling in mammals’ species, and established 5-HT neural markers showing new insights about memory functions and dysfunctions, including receptors (5-HT1A/1B/1D, 5-HT2A/2B/2C, and 5-HT3-7), transporter (serotonin transporter [SERT]) and volume transmission present in brain areas involved in memory. Bidirectional influence occurs between 5-HT markers and memory/amnesia. A growing number of researchers report that memory, amnesia, or forgetting modifies neural markers. Diverse approaches support the translatability of using neural markers and cerebral functions/dysfunctions, including memory formation and amnesia. At least, 5-HT1A, 5-HT4, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7receptors and SERT seem to be useful neural markers and therapeutic targets. Hence, several mechanisms cooperate to achieve synaptic plasticity or memory, including changes in the expression of neurotransmitter receptors and transporters.
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345
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Escobar C, Ansermet F, Magistretti PJ. A Historical Review of Diachrony and Semantic Dimensions of Trace in Neurosciences and Lacanian Psychoanalysis. Front Psychol 2017; 8:734. [PMID: 28690553 PMCID: PMC5481870 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Experience leaves a trace in the nervous system through plasticity. However, the exact meaning of the mnesic trace is poorly defined in current literature. This article provides a historical review of the term trace in neuroscience and psychoanalysis literature, to highlight two relevant aspects: the diachronic and the semantic dimensions. There has been a general interest in diachrony, or a form of evolution of the trace, but its indissociable semantic dimension remains partially disregarded. Although frequently implied, the diachronic and semantic dimensions of the trace are rarely clearly articulated. We situate this discussion into the classical opposition of syntax, or rules of inscription of the trace in the nervous system, and semantics, or the content of the trace, which takes into consideration the attempt of the human being to build coherence. A general observation is that the study of the term trace follows trends of the thought of the given epoch. This historical analysis also reveals the decay of the idea that the trace is reliable to the experience. From the articulation between neurosciences and psychoanalysis in a historical perspective, this review shows that the trend is to consider trace as a production of the subject, resulting in a permanent rewriting in an attempt to give meaning to the experience. This trend is becoming increasingly evident in light of recent research in neurosciences and psychoanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Escobar
- Agalma FoundationGeneva, Switzerland.,Centre for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University HospitalLausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Ansermet
- Agalma FoundationGeneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of GenevaGeneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre J Magistretti
- Agalma FoundationGeneva, Switzerland.,Centre for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University HospitalLausanne, Switzerland.,Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in LausanneLausanne, Switzerland.,Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia
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346
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Thalamic Spindles Promote Memory Formation during Sleep through Triple Phase-Locking of Cortical, Thalamic, and Hippocampal Rhythms. Neuron 2017; 95:424-435.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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347
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Wang JY, Weber FD, Zinke K, Inostroza M, Born J. More Effective Consolidation of Episodic Long-Term Memory in Children Than Adults-Unrelated to Sleep. Child Dev 2017; 89:1720-1734. [PMID: 28594100 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abilities to encode and remember events in their spatiotemporal context (episodic memory) rely on brain regions that mature late during childhood and are supported by sleep. We compared the temporal dynamics of episodic memory formation and the role of sleep in this process between 62 children (8-12 years) and 57 adults (18-37 years). Subjects recalled "what-where-when" memories after a short 1-hr retention interval or after a long 10.5-hr interval containing either nocturnal sleep or daytime wakefulness. Although children showed diminished recall of episodes after 1 hr, possibly resulting from inferior encoding, unlike adults, they showed no further decrease in recall after 10.5 hr. In both age groups, episodic memory benefitted from sleep. However, children's more effective offline retention was unrelated to sleep.
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348
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Antony JW, Ferreira CS, Norman KA, Wimber M. Retrieval as a Fast Route to Memory Consolidation. Trends Cogn Sci 2017; 21:573-576. [PMID: 28583416 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Retrieval-mediated learning is a powerful way to make memories last, but its neurocognitive mechanisms remain unclear. We propose that retrieval acts as a rapid consolidation event, supporting the creation of adaptive hippocampal-neocortical representations via the 'online' reactivation of associative information. We describe parallels between online retrieval and offline consolidation and offer testable predictions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Antony
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | | | - Kenneth A Norman
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Maria Wimber
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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349
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Adamsky A, Goshen I. Astrocytes in Memory Function: Pioneering Findings and Future Directions. Neuroscience 2017; 370:14-26. [PMID: 28571720 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes have been generally believed to perform mainly homeostatic and supportive functions for neurons in the central nervous system. Recently, a growing body of evidence suggests previously unrecognized and surprising functions for astrocytes, including regulation of synaptic formation, transmission and plasticity, all of which are considered as the infrastructure for information processing and memory formation and stabilization. This review discusses the involvement of astrocytes in memory functions and the possible mechanisms that may underlie it. We review the important breakthroughs obtained in this field, as well as some of the controversies that arose from the past difficulty to manipulate these cells in a cell type-specific and non-invasive manner. Finally, we present new research avenues based on the advanced tools becoming available in recent years: optogenetics and chemogenetics, and the potential ways in which these tools may further illuminate the role of astrocytes in memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adar Adamsky
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Inbal Goshen
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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350
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Seibold M, Rasch B, Born J, Diekelmann S. Reactivation of interference during sleep does not impair ongoing memory consolidation. Memory 2017; 26:377-384. [DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2017.1329442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitja Seibold
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Björn Rasch
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Diekelmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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